cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decentralized authorization and data security in web content delivery

The fast development of web services, or more broadly, service-oriented architectures (SOAs), has prompted more organizations to move contents and applications out to the Web. Softwares on the web allow one to enjoy a variety of services, for example translating texts into other languages and converting a document from one format to another. In this paper, we address the problem of maintaining data integrity and confidentiality in web content delivery when dynamic content modifications are needed. We propose a flexible and scalable model for secure content delivery based on the use of roles and role certificates to manage web intermediaries. The proxies coordinate themselves in order to process and deliver contents, and the integrity of the delivered content is enforced using a decentralized strategy. To achieve this, we utilize a distributed role lookup table and a role-number based routing mechanism. We give an efficient secure protocol, iDeliver, for content processing and delivery, and also describe a method for securely updating role lookup tables. Our solution also applies to the security problem in web-based workflows, for example maintaining the data integrity in automated trading, contract authorization, and supply chain management in large organizations.
A community paradigm of organized crime

This article reviews the available empirical research on organized crime and suggests that an important dimension of that research is the close symbiosis between organized crime groups and the communities in which they operate. As such, it is hypothesized that the concept of community may be important to explaining the persistence and durability of organized crime. A community model proposed by Roland Warren, which seeks to integrate much of the sociological literature on the community, and which delineates the basic functions of the community is presented as a means of organizing the available date about organized crime and explaining organized crime’s functional and latent aspects.
Investigation of zwitterionic 7-ammonium-7,9-nido-m-carborane

Zwitterionic ammonium-substituted nido m-carborane (7-NH3-7,9-nido-carborane), a novel boron moiety for boron neutron capture therapy, was synthesized and its chemical properties were investigated. This boron cluster system showed unique properties by reacting with carbonyl groups of ketones and aldehydes to generate the corresponding iminium-substituted nido m-carboranes.
Xylem Hydraulics and the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum: Opportunities and Unresolved Issues

Soil and xylem are similar hydraulically. An unsaturated conductivity curve for soil is called a vulnerability curve for xylem-but the underlying physical basis is the same. Thus, any transport model that treats unsaturated soil conductivity would benefit by also incorporating the analogous xylem vulnerability curves. This is especially the case for crop plants, which as a group have relatively vulnerable xylem. Although the cohesion-tension mechanism for xylem transport has withstood recent challenges, a number of gaps remain in our understanding of xylem hydraulics. These include the extent and mechanism of cavitation reversal and thus hysteresis in the vulnerability curve, the structural basis for differences in air entry pressure (=cavitation pressure) for different xylem types, a quantitative model of xylem conductivity, and a mechanistic understanding of how stomata regulate plant water status. Improving the representation of xylem hydraulics in models of crop water use is necessary to achieve a mechanistic link between soil water availability and canopy water use. An important additional knowledge gap concerns the hydraulics of the living tissues of absorbing roots and transpiring leaves, which are more complex than in xylem and less amenable to mechanistic modeling at present.
Short-term exercise training improves diaphragm antioxidant capacity and endurance.

These experiments tested the hypothesis that short-term endurance exercise training would rapidly improve (within 5 days) the diaphragm oxidative/antioxidant capacity and protect the diaphragm against contraction-induced oxidative stress. To test this postulate, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) ran on a motorized treadmill for 5 consecutive days (40–60 min · day−1) at approximately 65% maximal oxygen uptake. Costal diaphragm strips were excised from both sedentary control (CON, n=14) and trained (TR, n=13) animals 24 h after the last exercise session, for measurement of in vitro contraction properties and selected biochemical parameters of oxidative/antioxidant capacity. Training did not alter diaphragm force-frequency characteristics over a full range of submaximal and maximal stimulation frequencies (P > 0.05). In contrast, training improved diaphragm resistance to fatigue as contraction forces were better-maintained by the diaphragms of the TR animals during a submaximal 60-min fatigue protocol (P < 0.05). Following the fatigue protocol, diaphragm strips from the TR animals contained 30% lower concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides compared to CON (P < 0.05). Biochemical analysis revealed that exercise training increased diaphragm oxidative and antioxidant capacity (citrate synthase activity +18%, catalase activity +24%, total superoxide dismutase activity +20%, glutathione concentration +10%) (P < 0.05). These data indicate that short-term exercise training can rapidly elevate oxidative capacity as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the diaphragm. Furthermore, this up-regulation in antioxidant defenses would be accompanied by a reduction in contraction-induced lipid peroxidation and an increased fatigue resistance.
Analysis of Effectiveness of Parallel Flow Microchannel Heat Exchangers With Heat Transfer From Surroundings

The performance of a parallel flow micro channel heat exchanger (MCHX) is examined in this paper with the help of a mathematical model developed for this study. The thermal performance of a balanced parallel flow MCHX is numerically evaluated with the effect of heat transfer from the surroundings taken into consideration. Two non-dimensional governing equations are developed for modeling this MCHXPF . This model also considers a case in which the temperature of surrounding that is adjacent to the hot fluid channel is assumed to be different from that in contact with the cold fluid channel. The equations are numerically solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. MATLAB software is used to develop the program for solving the equations that constitute this model. The axial temperatures along both channels are obtained upon numerically solving the governing equations. The effectiveness of each fluid is then calculated using its inlet and outlet temperatures. The heat transfer between the fluids and that between the surrounding and each fluid are also numerically calculated using the axial temperatures of the fluids. The effectiveness of the fluids depends on the NTU, temperatures of the surroundings, and the thermal resistance between the individual fluids and their corresponding surrounding. When the heat transfer from the surrounding and the respective fluid is increased the effectiveness of the hot fluid decreased and that of the cold fluid increased. The temperature of the surroundings will determine the direction of heat transfer between the individual fluid and its surrounding. When the temperature of the surroundings is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot fluid then there would be degradation of the effectiveness of the hot fluid and an improvement in the effectiveness of the cold fluid. And the opposite trend happens when the temperature of the surroundings are lower than the inlet temperature of the cold fluid.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A review of the theory and technology for ohmic contacts to group III–V compound semiconductors

Abstract The technology for ohmic contacts to group III–V compound semiconductors is reviewed in this paper. The basic principles of current transport in metal-semiconductor (Schottky barrier) contacts are presented first. The modes of current transport considered are thermionic emission over the barrier, and tunneling through the barrier due to thermionic-field or field emission. Special attention is devoted to the parameters of temperature and doping concentration which determine the dominant mode of conduction. As the primary mode of conduction changes from thermionic emission dominated to tunneling dominated, the current-voltage behavior of the contact changes from rectifying to ohmic in character. The experimental techniques for fabricating ohmic contacts to III–V compound semiconductors are then described. Contact problems as they pertain to specific device applications are considered. Finally, present difficulties with contacts to mixed III–V crystals are discussed.
A 32nm 0.5V-supply dual-read 6T SRAM

Dual read port SRAMs play a critical role in high performance cache designs, but stability and sensing challenges typically limit the low voltage operation. We report a high-performance dual read port 8-way set associative 6T SRAM with a one clock cycle access latency, in a 32nm metal-gate partially depleted (PD) SOI technology, for low-voltage applications. Hardware exhibits robust operation at 348MHz and 0.5V with a read and write power of 3.33 and 1.97mW, respectively, per 4.5KB active array with both read ports accessed at the highest activity data pattern. At a 0.6V supply, an access speed of 1.2GHz is observed.
PO-0019 Non-invasive Haemodynamic Assessment Of Anaesthetic Induction In Adolescents – A Pilot Study

Background Little is known about the haemodynamic effects of commonly used paediatric anaesthetic drugs in teenagers. Previous ‘gold-standard’ invasive haemodynamic monitoring is inappropriate in well children, whereas children undergoing haemodynamic monitoring on ICU are not drug-naive. Aim 6-month study to explore initial haemodynamic effects of commonly used induction agents during elective anaesthesia for orthopaedic conditions in healthy stable children. Method Consent from those with parental responsibility obtained. All haemodynamic assessment performed using a non-invasive Doppler ultrasound (USCOM). Data collected: stroke volume (SV), stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume variability (SVV), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Times: Immediately prior to induction, then at 10, 20 and 30 min post induction. Results 9 patients studied – five female; age 11–15 years. Induction agents: Propofol 7; sevoflurane 1; nitrous 1. Descriptive hemodynamics: Propofol – slow and steady fall observed in SV, SVI, CO, CI, SBP, DBP and HR over time. Sevofluorane – same but BP drop more rapid. Nitrous – steady SV, SVI, CO and CI with slow fall in HR but more pronounced fall in BP. No definite pattern could be predicted for SVV. Conclusion Whilst this data is clearly limited in terms of patient number and variety of agents, it is the first description of the haemodynamic effects of induction of anaesthesia in well children. Whilst there were no deleterious effects, an understanding of the haemodynamic effects of these commonly used agents might lead to safer anaesthesia in more complex and critically ill children.
Teaching preschoolers with disabilities to seek adult assistance in response to simulated injuries

Four preschool-aged children with disabilities received training to seek adult assistance in response to simulated injuries. The children first watched while the instructor modeled and verbalized a first-aid procedure for obtaining adult assistance when injured, and then they practiced the skill with instructor praise or correction. Following this practice with feedback, the children demonstrated their skill without instructor feedback. Generalization probes were conducted before and after training on the school playground and at the children's homes. A multiple baseline design across children was used to evaluate the effects of the program. Rapid increases in the children 's performances of this skill was demonstrated. Further, the posttraining generalization data indicated that the children's performance had generalized across the two settings (school playground and children's homes). More importantly, this skill maintained at 100% at a 1-month follow-up generalization probe.
Long-term complications related to the modified Indiana pouch.

Abstract Objectives To describe a single-institution, single-surgeon experience with 125 modified Indiana pouches performed during a period of 14 years and their long-term complications. The modified Indiana pouch is a widely accepted and often used form of continent urinary diversion. Few studies have established the long-term complication rates associated with the procedure. Methods A retrospective chart review of 129 modified Indiana pouches constructed from March 1985 to August 1998 was performed, and the long-term complications and reoperation rates were tabulated. Results Complete information was obtained for 125 of the 129 charts, with a mean follow-up of 41.1 months (range 3 to 127). Complications occurred in 112 patients (89.6%; several patients had more than one complication), with a mean onset of 20.4 months (range 1 to 125) postoperatively. Seventy-three complications (58.4%) were due to the efferent limb, of which incontinence (defined as any leakage) was the most common (35 [28.0%]), followed by stomal stenosis in 19 (15.2%) and difficult catheterization in 12 (9.6%). Of the 26 pouch-related problems (21.8%) that occurred, the most common were stones in 13 (10.4%), perioperative leaks in 5 (4.0%), and perforations in 4 (3.2%). Ureteral anastomotic strictures were seen in 9 (7.2%). Other complications included gallstones in 32 (25.6%), kidney stones in 8 (6.4%), and small bowel obstruction in 6 (4.8%). Reoperation was performed in 65 patients (52.0%; several patients with more than one reoperation). Twenty-six (20.8%) of the patients required an open operation, and 39 (31.2%) received minimally invasive (percutaneous, endoscopic, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) procedures. Sixty percent of the reoperations were minimally invasive. Reoperation was due to stomal stenosis in 18 (14.4%), pouch stones in 13 (10.4%), ureteral strictures in 9 (7.2%), and parastomal hernias in 6 (4.8%). Small bowel obstruction required reoperation in 5 patients (4.0%). Conclusions In our experience, long-term complications of the modified Indiana pouch were mostly related to the efferent limb, and reoperations were usually due to stomal stenosis. Our data suggest that with longer follow-up, the complication and reoperation rates of the modified Indiana pouch appear to be higher than previously reported.
A Guide to Research on Companies

Before we start looking for information on a specific company, it would be logical to first find our what type of company it is. Broadly speaking, companies fall into two major categories, namely, private and public. A private company could in turn be a sole proprietorship, a partnership or an incorporated enterprise. A public company, on the other hand could be a parent company or a subsidiary, affiliate or a division of the parent. In addition, it is possible for either type of company to be a franchise or be of foreign origin. For our purposes, we may define a public company to be a company whose stock is listed on a national or a regional stock exchange and any company that is not public is a private company. Although the process of business formation is beyond the scope of this review, it would facilitate one's research if one is familiar with sources that provide information in this area. Besides, there is a constant demand in business libraries for information on how to set up businesses.
The decomposition of surface methoxy on clean and oxygen post dosed Fe(100); control of reaction selectivity

Pure methoxy overlayers on the Fe(l00) surface were prepared and characterized by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Reactions of the methoxy overlayer on the clean surface and in the presence of coadsorbed oxygen have been studied using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS). Post-dosed oxygen alters dramatically the selectivity of methoxy decomposition. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are the major decomposition products from a pure methoxy overlayer, while formaldehyde is the major decomposition product from an oxygen coadsorbed methoxy overlayer. Clear evidence for production of formaldehyde via a disproportionation of methoxy is presented. Coadsorbed oxygen raises the decomposition temperature of methoxy by 200 K.
Direct trajectory method for semiclassical wave functions

This paper reports a method to build a semiclassical wave function corresponding to an invariant torus satisfying Einstein-Brillouin-Keller quantization conditions. Instead of calculating the stability matrix of the trajectory at each step, as in the standard method of Keller [Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 4, 180 (1958)] or the modification of Maslov and Fedoriuk [Semiclassical Approximations in Quantum Mechanics (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1981)], we use the actual density of the trajectory, calculated by running the trajectory and counting passages through cells in coordinate space. The method is tested for a system of coupled Morse oscillators, and found to be comparable in accuracy to the standard method. It may be more useful than the standard method for testing ideas for semiclassical quantization in the chaotic regime. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Pretransplant immune-regulation predicts allograft tolerance

CD4⁺ Tregs specific for noninherited maternal antigens (NIMA(d) ) are detectable in some but not all B6 × BDF₁ backcross, H-2(b) homozygous offspring, and their presence is strongly correlated with extent of maternal (BDF₁) microchimerism. We hypothesized that the level of pretransplant donor antigen-specific Tregs could predict allograft tolerance. To test this idea, mice were screened for bystander suppression in a DTH assay, followed 1 week later by DBA/2 heterotopic heart transplantation. NIMA(d) -exposed, H-2(b) offspring that failed to suppress DTH uniformly rejected heart allografts (12/12) by d15. In contrast, 5/6 NIMA(d) -exposed DTH 'regulators' accepted their allografts >100 days. The defect in 'nonregulator" offspring could be corrected by transfer of CD4⁺CD25⁺, but not CD4⁺ CD25(neg) or CD8⁺ T cells from transplant acceptor mice. In conclusion, donor-specific T reg screening of F1 backcross offspring correctly predicted which recipients would accept a heart allograft. If translated to the clinic, similar pretransplant Treg screening could greatly enhance the effectiveness of tolerance as a clinical strategy in transplantation between family members.
A Scalable Memory-Based Reconfigurable Computing Framework for Nanoscale Crossbar

Nanoscale molecular electronic devices amenable to bottom-up self-assembly into a crossbar structure have emerged as a promising candidate for future electronic systems. To address some of the design challenges in molecular crossbar, we propose “memory-based architecture for reconfigurable computing” (MBARC), where memory, instead of switch-based logic functions, is used as the computing element. MBARC leverages on the fact that regular and periodic structures of molecular crossbar are attractive for a dense memory design. The main idea in MBARC is to partition a logic circuit, store the partitions as multi-input-multi-output lookup tables in a memory array, and then, use a simple CMOS-based scheduler to evaluate the partitions in a topological time-multiplexed manner. Compared to existing reconfigurable nanocomputing models, the proposed memory-based computing has three major advantages: 1) it minimizes the requirement of programmable interconnects (PIs); 2) it minimizes the number of CMOS interfacing elements that are required for level restoration and cascading logic blocks; and 3) it can achieve higher defect tolerance through efficient use of redundancy. Simulation results for a set of ISCAS benchmarks show average improvement of 32% in area, 21% in delay, and 34% in energy per vector compared to the implementation of a nanoscale field-programmable gate array. Effectiveness of the framework is also studied for two large sequential circuits, namely, 2-D discrete cosine transform and eight-tap finite-impulse-response filter.
Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing had higher adherence than screening with guaiac-based FOBT

Source Citation Hoffman RM, Steel S, Yee EF, et al. Colorectal cancer screening adherence is higher with fecal immunochemical tests than guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests: a randomized, control...
Reaction of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone with cyclic olefins: an NMR probe of adduct stereochemistry

Abstract The Diels Alder adducts of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone with cyclohexene and norbornene are reported. The effect of cyclic olefin adduct stereochemistry on the multiplicity pattern in the aromatic region of the proton spectrum is discussed as a probe to adduct stereochemistry with this diene system.
Simultaneous separation of inorganic ions and neutral organics on ion-exchange stationary phases

Abstract Mixtures of inorganic ions and neutral organics (polars, polynuclear aromatics) were simultaneously separated on several ion-exchange stationary phases that contained both exchange- as well as reversed-phase functionality. An 8-quinolinol silica gel column and a commercial C8/anion exchange phase were used for inorganic anion/neutral organic mixtures. Commercial C8/weak-acid and benzene sulfonate strong-acid cation-exchange columns were employed for metal cation/neutral organic mixtures. Mobile phases were a blend of those normally used for ion-exchange separation with those generally used for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both UV and conductivity detectors were used, in series. Indirect UV detection of anions on the C8/anion column was effected with a phthalate eluent. The indirect detection could be switched off by operating at 306 nm, just above the range where phthalate absorbs; it could be switched back on again at 299 nm. Retention of metal ions on the C8/cation column decreased with increasing mobile-phase concentration of ethylenediammonium and tartrate, as well as with increasing amounts of methanol in the mobile phase. A study of retention factor versus pH indicated that the pKa of the bound carboxylic acid is about 6.3. Efficiency was found to be better on the strong acid column than on the weak-acid C8/cation phase. Quantitation of cations and organics was acceptable on both cation-exchange phases. Overall, this work shows the viability of simultaneous ion/neutral separation both on phases designed for mixed-mode work as well as on those intended only for ion-exchange separations. These phases permit good separation of neutral organics at lower methanol concentrations than on conventional reversed-phase columns.
Hypothermia and Occlusive Skin Wrap in the Low Birth Weight Premature Infant: An Evidentiary Review

Low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants are born without the adaptive mechanisms needed for survival outside of the womb. These fragile infants require thermoprotective interventions that begin in the delivery room. Current heat preservation interventions such as a pre-warmed delivery room, warm blankets/towels, drying, radiant warmer tables, and skin-to-skin with mother are not as effective in preserving heat in the smallest of infants. Despite the use of current heat preservation strategies, LBW premature infants remain vulnerable to hypothermia and associated morbidities and mortality. The use of an occlusive skin wrap has been studied since the late 1960's as a method for heat loss prevention in infants at birth. This evidentiary review will explore the most recent research on occlusive skin wrap in the delivery room for heat preservation in the LBW premature infant and propose a guideline for use.
State-dependent inhibition of L-type calcium channels: cell-based assay in high-throughput format

The current studies describe a new, robust cell-based functional assay useful to characterize L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and their antagonists. The basis of this assay is measurement in plate format of Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel complex (alpha1C, alpha2delta, and beta2a subunits) in response to potassium-mediated depolarization; EC(50)=11 mM [K+](o). The Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, nimodipine; IC(50)=59 nM. These cells were also transfected with the Kir2.3 inward rectifier K(+) channel, which allows for changing the cell membrane potential by modulation of extracellular [K](o); -65 mV in physiological [K](o) and -28 mV in 30 mM [K](o) containing buffer. The conformational state of the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel is altered under these different conditions. Under the depolarized condition, nimodipine was a more potent antagonist, inhibiting Ca2+ influx with an IC(50) value of 3 nM. The results demonstrate that the interaction of nimodipine and other antagonists with the channel is modulated by changes in membrane potential and thus the state of the channel. Overall, this novel assay can be used to identify state-dependent calcium channel antagonists and should be useful for evaluating state-dependent inhibitory potency of a large number of samples.
Transgene constructs lacking transcription termination signal induce efficient silencing of endogenous targets in Arabidopsis

Efficient gene silencing tools are extremely important for genomics and biotechnology applications. A number of aberrant RNA species induce silencing of homologous genes; however, only the inverted repeat RNA is widely utilized for targeted gene silencing in plants. Development of additional silencing constructs would not only provide an alternative technology for single targets, it may also serve as a simpler platform for multi-target silencing. The present study found that aberrantly terminated sense transcripts serve as efficient inducers of gene silencing. A construct initially designed to carry out homologous recombination into the Phytochrome A locus of Arabidopsis induced instead a high rate of Phytochrome A silencing, resulting in a strong mutant phenotype. Attempts to decipher the silencing determinant of the construct revealed that absence of a proper transcription termination signal contributed to the silencing efficiency of the construct. Furthermore, silencing of an additional gene, Phytochrome B, was conferred by a separate construct of a similar design. Proper placement of a transcription termination signal in the silencing construct abolished its silencing ability. Therefore, transcription of aberrantly terminated transcripts was deduced to be the cause of the elevated rate of silencing observed in transgenic lines. These transcripts could be produced either by direct transcription or read-through transcription. Since silencing resulted in strong mutant phenotypes in the majority of transgenic lines, terminator-less constructs are proposed to serve as efficient tools for knocking out endogenous targets.
The decomposition of normal hexyl radicals

Abstract Normal hexyl radicals generated from the decomposition of n-hexyl iodide have been decomposed in single pulse shock tube experiments. All the products arising from the decomposition of 1-hexyl (the initial reactant) and 2-hexyl and 3-hexyl (isomerization products) have been detected in the temperature range 890–1020 K and 1.5–5 bar pressures. We find that k ( C 6 H 13 - 3 = > C 2 H 5 + 1 - C 4 H 8 ) / k ( C 6 H 13 - 3 = > CH 3 + 1 - C 5 H 10 ) = 3.4 ± 0.1 when this is combined with literature values of the beta bond scission reactions of hexyl radicals we find the following high pressure rate expressions for the isomerization processes; k ( C 6 H 13 - 1 = > C 6 H 13 - 2 ) = 1.83 × 10 2 T 2.55 exp ( - 5516 / T ) s - 1 k ( C 6 H 13 - 1 = > C 6 H 13 - 3 ) = 6.98 × T 3.2 exp ( - 8333 / T ) s - 1 with an uncertainty of a factor of 1.5 in the rate constants and 5 kJ/mol in the activation energy. They are compatible with low as well as the high temperature results. The effects of energy transfer have been deduced from a master equation RRKM analysis covering the pressure range of 0.1–100 bar, 500–1900 K. The low reaction thresholds and multichannel nature of the process leads to special problems. These include a non-monotonic decrease in rate constants from high pressure values with increasing temperature and rate constants in the “fall-off” region that are dependent on the initial isomer. Overall effects are minimal in the 100 bar region. Maximum deviation from high pressure behavior is approximately an order of magnitude near 1000 K for reactions in the 1 bar region.
Reevaluation of the Additivity Relationship for Vanadyl−Imidazole Complexes: Correlation of the EPR Hyperfine Constant with Ring Orientation

Five new vanadyl−imidazole complexes with the imidazole ring in different orientations to the vanadyl unit have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The hyperfine coupling constants (A∥) from the EPR spectra of these complexes were analyzed using the additivity relationship. There is some discussion as to what contribution an “aromatic imine” such as imidazole bound in the equatorial plane of a vanadyl complex makes to the hyperfine coupling. This analysis, applied to the new complexes as well as those vanadyl−imidazole complexes previously published, reveals a trend in the contribution to the hyperfine coupling related to the orientation of the imidazole ring relative to the vanadyl unit; an imidazole parallel to the vanadium−oxygen double bond was found to have a contribution of 40 × 10-4 cm-1, while one perpendicular gave a contribution of 45 × 10-4 cm-1. A similar trend for imine values was also observed in the study of these complexes....
Cerebellar hemorrhage as a first presentation of acquired Hemophilia A.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is an uncommon coagulation disorder caused by the development of autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). While intracranial hemorrhage is a known complication of AHA, intracranial hemorrhage as the presenting manifestation of AHA has only been described in three previous case reports. We report a case of an 86-year-old woman with no previously reported history of coagulopathy presenting with an acute intraparenchymal cerebellar hemorrhage and laboratory studies demonstrating an isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). We discuss an approach to the prolonged aPTT, and review the literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of AHA. Occipital decompressive craniectomy with evacuation of the hemorrhage was performed. Eight hours following the procedure, the patient’s status acutely declined with demonstration of a reoccurrence of the cerebellar hemorrhage and new right frontal lobe hemorrhage. After discussion with the patient’s family, life-sustaining support measures were withdrawn. Postmortem analysis revealed a low FVIII activity level and the presence of FVIII inhibitor. The presentation of intracranial hemorrhage with an isolated prolonged aPTT is concerning for an acquired hemophilia with FVIII deficiency. Other causes of isolated prolonged aPTT such as a lupus anticoagulant must also be considered. Preoperative identification and work-up of the coagulation abnormality is essential to guide initial treatment.
Effects of fiber and interfacial layer morphologies on the thermoplastic response of metal matrix composites

Examined here is the effect of fiber and interfacial layer morphologies on thermal fields in metal matrix composites (MMCs). A micromechanics model based on an arbitrarily layered concentric cylinder configuration is used to calculate thermal stress fields in MMCs subjected to spatially uniform temperature changes. The fiber is modelled as a layered material with isotropic or orthotropic elastic layers, whereas the surrounding matrix, including interfacial layers, is treated as a strain-hardening, elastoplastic, von Mises solid with temperature-dependent parameters. The solution to the boundary-value problem of an arbitrarily layered concentric cylinder under the prescribed thermal loading is obtained using the local/global stiffness matrix formulation originally developed for stress analysis of multilayered elastic media. Examples are provided that illustrate how the morphology of the SCS6 silicon carbide fiber and the use of multiple compliant layers at the fiber/matrix interface affect the evolution of residual stresses in SiC/Ti composites during fabrication cool-down.
A critical appraisal of "transfusion strategies for patients in pediatric intensive care units" by Lacroix J, Hebert PC, Hutchison, et al (N Engl J Med 2007; 356:1609-1619).

Objective:To review the findings and discuss the implications of transfusion strategies in stable critically ill children.Design:A critical appraisal of the article “Transfusion strategies for patients in pediatric intensive care units” by Lacroix J, Hebert PC, Hutchison, et al, published in the N E
Characterization and mapping of Rpi1, a late-blight resistance locus from diploid (1EBN) Mexican Solanum pinnatisectum.

Solanum is a diverse genus with over 200 species occupying a range of habitats from the Southwestern United States to Central Chile. Germplasm evaluations have focused on species that can be crossed with S. tuberosum, while Mexican diploid (2n = 2x = 24) Solanum species with an Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) of 1 have received less attention because of poor crossability due to their ploidy and EBN. Recent changes in Phytophthora infestans populations have increased the need for new sources of genetic resistance to this fungus. We have characterized resistance to P. infestans in the Mexican 2x(1EBN) species S. pinnatisectum. An interspecific hybrid between resistant S. pinnatisectum and susceptible S. cardiophyllum plants was backcrossed to S. cardiophyllum to generate a family segregating for late-blight resistance. The diploid (1EBN) genetic map generated with 99 RFLP markers revealed extensive synteny with previously published potato maps. A single dominant late-blight resistance locus (Rpi1) from S. pinnatisectum was mapped to chromosome 7, a region previously not associated with late-blight resistance. Characterization of the P.infestans isolate used for disease evaluations revealed that it possessed the avirulence gene corresponding to the R9 resistance locus, indicating that Rpi1 could possibly correspond to R9.
The Search for "Optimal" Cutoff Properties: Fit Index Criteria in Structural Equation Modeling

ABSTRACT. This study is a partial replication of L. Hu and P. M. Bentler's (1999) fit criteria work. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine whether cut-off values vary according to which model is the true population model for a dataset and (b) to identify which of 13 fit indexes behave optimally by retaining all of the correct models while simultaneously rejecting all of the misspecified models in a manner invariant across sample size and data distribution. The authors found that for most indexes the results do not vary depending on which model serves as the correct model. Furthermore, the search for an optimal cut-off value led to a new discovery about the nature of McDonald's measure of centrality and the root mean square error of approximation. Unlike all other indexes considered in this study, the cut-off value of both indexes actually decreases for incorrect models as sample size increases. This may suggest that power calculations are more likely to be optimal when based on those ind...
Treatment of pseudobulbar laughter after gamma knife thalamotomy

We describe a case of pathological laughter after gamma knife thalamotomy which resolved after treatment with sertraline. It is important to identify this potentially treatable complication of surgical therapy.
Analytical and experimental study of vibrations in simple spatial structures

A wave-based analytical method is applied to study vibrations in simple spatial structures. From the wave vibration standpoint, vibrations are described as waves propagating along uniform structural elements and being reflected and transmitted at structural discontinuities. Coupled in- and out-of-plane bending, axial, and torsional vibrations are studied based on classical vibration theories. Both free and forced vibrations are studied. Natural frequencies, modeshapes, as well as frequency responses due to various external excitations are obtained. The results obtained using the wave vibration approach are verified both experimentally and through comparison to results available in the literature. Good agreements have been reached. This study provides not only exact analytical solutions to complex vibration problems in spatial structures that have mostly been relying on numerical tools, but also a benchmark to existing numerical solutions.
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: experience with endovascular and surgical therapy

Object. Although the pathophysiology of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) has recently been elucidated, the optimal treatment strategy for these lesions has yet to be defined. Current management techniques include endovascular embolization or microsurgical obliteration. Methods. The authors reviewed the records and angiograms of all patients with spinal dural AVFs treated at Massachusetts General Hospital over a 6-year period (1992–1998). During this period, it was intended initially to treat all patients with embolization and to reserve surgery for those in whom endovascular treatment failed or in cases in which pretreatment evaluation suggested that endovascular therapy would be ineffective or unsafe. A total of 26 patients with spinal dural AVFs were treated: there were 22 men and 4 women with a mean age of 65 years (range 39–79 years). Lesions were located in the following areas: five in foramen magnum/cervical, 13 in thoracic, five in lumbar, and three in sacral. Twenty-three (88%) of 26 pat...
Persistent and recurrent Trichomonas vaginalis infections: epidemiology, treatment and management considerations

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. Persistent and recurrent TV infections are frequent in women, potentially due to the lack of routine screening recommendations for this pathogen, the chronic nature of some infections, and drug resistance. Metronidazole and tinidazole are two oral drugs that are effective against trichomoniasis. There are few alternative treatment options for persons with a metronidazole allergy or treatment failure. Most TV isolates from women with treatment failures that have been analyzed for susceptibility testing in the United States have exhibited low-level metronidazole resistance, supporting the initial use of tinidazole for patients who fail metronidazole therapy. Several non-nitroimidazole drugs and other agents have demonstrated acceptable in vitro activity or cure rates in case reports for metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis; however, clinical trials are imperative to evaluate their efficacy as alternative therapeutic regimens for this highly prevalent infection.
Pressure variation of 4f excitation energies in Eu and Tm metals

Calculations of 4f-electron excitation energies as functions of the Wigner-Seitz radius ${r}_{\mathrm{WS}}$ in europium and thulium metals are reported. Crystal potentials are constructed by the renormalized-atom method for integrally-occupied 4f configurations, and each excitation energy is derived from a difference of band total energies. As ${r}_{\mathrm{WS}}$ decreases for each metal the 6s and 5d levels are progressively depopulated, leading to enhancement of the 4f occupancy at elevated pressures. In particular our results predict a 4${f}^{7}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4${f}^{8}$ transition in Eu at a pressure P\ensuremath{\sim}44 Mbar and a 4${f}^{12}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4${f}^{13}$ transition in Tm at P\ensuremath{\sim}3 Mbar.
Imagery, Encoding Specificity, and Prose Recall in 6-Year-Old Children.

Partial pictures depict only selected portions of prose passages. Partial pictures hypothetically aid retention by inducing young children to generate imagery for nonpictured prose. Results from two hundred eighty-eight 6-year-old children indicated that (a) partial pictures at study facilitate recall, (b) identical study and retrieval prompts facilitate recall, and (c) imagery instructions and training do not affect retention. Partial pictures apparently help children to encode information more efficiently at study, but there is no evidence that young children generate images with the aid of the partial picture cues, nor that they have a retrieval deficit for these images as suggested by M. Ruch and J. Levin.
When is it too late for cardiac resynchronization therapy

Lehmann et al.1 pointed out that taken together, the large cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) trials included 10,803 patients, the majority of who were in congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III, but only 451 patients (4.2%) were class IV. The role of CRT in NYHA class IV patients remained uncertain until recently when Lindenfeld et al.2 reported the results of CRT in 217 such ambulatory patients (on no intravenous inotrope therapy) after a median follow-up of 14 months. Death or hospitalization for any cause was significantly improved in both CRT and CRT-defibrillator patients. The time to all-cause death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization was also significantly improved in the same groups.2 However, the large CRT trials have generally excluded patients with refractory class IV CHF on intravenous inotropic therapy.3–5 Although cardiac resynchronization has revolutionized the treatment of CHF, its use in end-stage patients whose prognosis is poor and who are dependent on intravenous drugs has remained controversial and poorly defined. Furthermore, scientific guidelines have not addressed the role of CRT in this group of patients.6–7 The question arises as to whether the recent documentation of CRT benefit for NYHA class IV ambulatory patients can be extended to the much sicker group of class IV patients on inotropic support.
Oxidative dimerization of CH4/CD4 mixtures: Evidence for methyl intermediate

Isotope tracer experiments prove the role of methyl in the oxidative coupling of methane and disprove a recently proposed mechanism involving methylene. The ethane product from oxidative coupling of CH4/CD4 mixtures over a Li/MgO catalyst consists of C2H6, C2D6 and CH3CD3 thus proving that ethane is formed by combination of methyl intermediates. The co-reaction of labelled CH4 (D and13C) with C2H4 produces propylene labelled predominantly at the methyl (3) position, thus proving C3 formation by terminal addition of methyl to ethylene rather than via a cyclic intermediate as has been proposed.
Control of a Cell Surface Major Glycoprotein by Epidermal Growth Factor

When the serum concentration of the culture medium is below 0.7 per-cent, 3T3 mouse cells lose most of their large external transformation sensitive (LETS) protein at the cell surface, Subsequent addition of epidermal growth factor results in the reappearance of massive fibrillar LETS protein networks on the surface of conluent 3T3 cells. Thirteen other hormones tested do not have this effect. It appears that epidermal growth factor can control the expression of LETS protein.
Antibody-antigen interactions: new structures and new conformational changes

During the past year, many new antibody structures have been determined, increasing our understanding of these immunologically important molecules. Of special interest are new catalytic antibodies, antibody-peptide and antibody-virus complexes, NMR structures, and structures illustrating conformational changes and antibody cross-reactivity.
Breast cancer detection and treatment: a personal and historical perspective.

T wo paradigms—breast cancer initially as a local and regional disease or breast cancer initially as a systemic disease—have affected the approach to detection and treatment of breast cancer throughout history. If breast cancer is a local/regional disease process, then there is a role for the surgeon in its cure. If breast cancer is a systemic disease, then surgery alone cannot cure it, and any cure must come from systemic treatments. If over time breast cancer progresses from a local disease to a systemic disease, then there may be a role for earlier detection of breast cancer. The history of thinking about breast cancer as I narrate it will be highly colored by my own experience. I make no apologies for that. Every historian brings his own experiences and biases to the retelling of the past. My interest in the breast cancer problem goes back more than 40 years. I have been involved in research studies related to the treatment of breast cancer with surgery, with radiotherapy, with endocrine therapy, and with chemotherapy. I have also been involved in studies evaluating the role of earlier detection. My review will also allow me to reflect upon my own career and to acknowledge some of the mentors on whose shoulders I have stood.
The teaching of evaluation in health settings: University of Michigan

This chapter views courses in evaluation research as integral parts of advanced degree training in public health. Three such courses are discussed.
Gene expression profiles of ductal versus acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Ductal adenocarcinoma is an uncommon variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma with a generally more aggressive clinical course than usual acinar adenocarcinoma. However, the molecular distinction between ductal and acinar adenocarcinomas is not well characterized. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the relatedness of ductal versus acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma by comparative gene expression profiling. Archived, de-identified, snap frozen tumor tissue from 5 ductal adenocarcinomas, 3 mixed ductal–acinar adenocarcinomas, and 11 acinar adenocarcinomas cases were analyzed. All cases of acinar and ductal adenocarcinomas were matched by Gleason grade. RNA from whole tissue sections of the 5 ductal and 11 acinar adenocarcinomas cases were subjected to gene expression profiling on Affymetrix U133Plus2 microarrays. Independently, laser-capture microdissection was also performed on the three mixed ductal–acinar cases and five pure acinar cases to isolate homogeneous populations of ductal and acinar carcinoma cells from the same tumor. Seven of these laser-capture microdissected samples (three ductal and four acinar cell populations) were similarly analyzed on U133Plus2 arrays. Analysis of data from whole sections of ductal and acinar carcinomas identified only 25 gene transcripts whose expression was significantly and at least two-fold different between ductal and acinar adenocarcinomas. A similar analysis of microdissected cell populations identified 10 transcripts, including the prolactin receptor, with more significant differences in expression of 5- to 27-fold between ductal and acinar adenocarcinomas cells. Overexpression of prolactin receptor protein in ductal versus acinar adenocarcinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in an independent set of tumors. We conclude that ductal and acinar adenocarcinomas of the prostate are strikingly similar at the level of gene expression. However, several of the genes identified in this study, including the prolactin receptor, represent targets for further investigations on the molecular basis for histomorphological and clinical behavioral differences between acinar and ductal adenocarcinomas.