cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High‐Temperature Hydrogen Storage of Multiple Molecules: Theoretical Insights from Metalated Catechols

Insertion of open metal sites (OMS) into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising strategy for preparation of physical adsorbents that enable H2 storage at room temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are reported on a promising paradigm for adsorption of multiple hydrogen molecules to a single OMS attached to an MOF linker via a catechol or thiocatechol. The interactions between adsorbed H2 and the OMS are characterized with special attention to their degrees of freedom and thermal properties. By combining the present calculations with experimental data, some of these materials are predicted to have usable capacities close to the Department of Energy (DOE) 2020 target of 40 gr L-1 marking them as important synthetic targets. Surprisingly, calculations suggest that a Ca-catechol OMS retains the ability to bind up to two hydrogens even in the presence of residual solvent.
A prospective examination of risk factors in the development of intrusions following a trauma analog

Several factors have been linked to the severity of posttraumatic distress, although retrospective designs in much of the literature limit conclusions regarding the temporal relation between risk factors and corresponding symptoms. To address these concerns, the current project employed an analog trauma paradigm to assess the impact of background characteristics, stress response, and post-stressor affect regulation on subjective distress and intrusive memories experienced during the subsequent processing of emotional stimuli. University students (N = 184; 56% female, 42% White/Non-Hispanic) were shown graphic scenes of a televised suicide. Physiological activation was recorded during exposure with emotion ratings collected following the film. Participants then viewed a sadness- or humor-eliciting prime under instructions to inhibit or naturally express emotion. Intrusions experienced during the priming film and residual distress at study's conclusion were rated prior to debriefing. Hierarchical regression identified reductions in emotional valence as a robust predictor of intrusions and distress. Sympathetic activation and exposure to the sadness prime were associated with intrusion frequency, whereas attenuated parasympathetic response predicted intrusion intensity. Expressive inhibition demonstrated a unique association with residual distress. Results suggest peritraumatic processes and post-exposure factors may hold more prominent relations with immediate trauma-related distress as compared to pre-existing survivor characteristics.
Tandem gait performance following concussion

Objective To examine post-concussion tandem gait (TG) performance. Design Prospective Longitudinal. Setting Research Laboratory. Subjects Twenty-two NCAA Division I student-athletes: twelve diagnosed with sport-related concussions (Age: 20.3 ± 1.2 years; Height: 180.1 ± 12.4 cm; Weight: 80.5 ± 21.0 kg), and ten healthy controls (Age: 19 ± 1.2 years; Height: 176.3 ± 8.4 cm; Weight: 71.9 ± 9.4 kg). Intervention TG was performed in accordance with the SCAT3. Participants walked heel-to-toe down a 3-metre line and back as quickly as possible four times. All participants were tested prior to the season. The concussed group was re-tested acutely ( Outcome measures Fastest time to complete TG. Main results The MDC was 0.38 seconds. There was no significant interaction (p=0.08), but there was a main effect for time (p=0.04); Post-concussion, the mean time increased by 2.3 seconds (10.6 ± 2.0 seconds and 12.9 ± 3.7) and 10 of the 12 participants exceeded the MDC. The control mean increased by 0.3 seconds (11.5 ± 1.2 seconds and 11.8 ± 0.5 seconds), which was less than the MDC. Conclusions Following concussion, there was a group increase of 2.3 seconds. Ten of the twelve student-athletes exceeded the MDC of TG acutely post-concussion, which differs from other clinical tests, such as the BESS, where the average number of errors following concussion falls below the MDC. This suggests TG might be a more stable test of post-concussion postural control. Competing interests None.
The Key to Successful Independence: State-funded Post-secondary Educational Assistance for Emancipated Foster Youth

aspx?ar=1355&L2=61&L3=130 [hereinafter Courtney Executive Summary]. 33 Atkinson, supra note 18, at 193 (citing Thom Reilly, Transition from Care: Status and Outcomes of Youth Who Age Out of Foster Care, 82 CHILD WELFARE 727, 737 (2003)). 34 See Benedetto, supra note 9, at 393. 2008] ST JOHN'S JOURNAL OF LEGAL COMMENTARY crime since turning age eighteen.35 In contrast, only 10% of males and 1% of females in the general population had been convicted of a crime. 36 The demonstrated correlation between time spent in foster care and subsequent adult criminal activity may be viewed as a result of the state's failure to properly train youth for the challenges of adulthood.37 B. Legislative Push to Delay Emancipation for Former Foster
Abstract TP169: Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and HIV incidence is increasing yearly. Neurological complications (NC) are common in HIV and may increase stroke risk, but no large population based studies have studied NC in HIV and the HIV-AIS association. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that: HIV prevalence among AIS is increasing over time; HIV is associated with worse outcomes and greater cost in AIS; and NC increases risk of AIS. Methods: In the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (years 2000-2011), adult hospitalizations for AIS, HIV and NC were identified by ICD-9-CM codes; the analytic cohort constituted all AIS hospitalizations. We performed weighted analysis using chi-square, t-test, Jonckheere trend test, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: Among 5,224,074 AIS hospitalizations, 8277(0.16%) had HIV. Those with HIV, compared to without, were more often younger (median 49 vs. 72 years; p Conclusions: There was an increasing trend over time of HIV infection in AIS hospitalizations and increased discharge to long-term care facilities and high cost burden. Further research would clarify AIS risk factors in HIV patients to mitigate adverse outcomes, considering the lower prevalence of traditional AIS risk factors.
Indeterminism in the brain

Does the brain behave indeterministically? I argue that accounting for ion channels, key functional units in the brain, requires indeterministic models. These models are probabilistic, so the brain does behave indeterministically in a weak sense. I explore the implications of this point for a stronger sense of indeterminism. Ultimately I argue that it is not possible, either empirically or through philosophical argument, to show that the brain is indeterministic in that stronger sense.
How to kill a city, by Peter Moskowitz

As the title indicates, this is not a nuanced publication. Journalist Moskowitz pens a provocative book arguing that gentrification—in virtually all of its dimensions—destroys cities. An impassione...
Repeat-Associated Non-ATG (RAN) Translation in Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.

Purpose The strongest genetic association with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the presence of an intronic (CTG·CAG)n trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene. Repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation, an unconventional protein translation mechanism that does not require an initiating ATG, has been described in many TNR expansion diseases, including myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Given the similarities between DM1 and FECD, we wished to determine whether RAN translation occurs in FECD. Methods Antibodies against peptides in the C-terminus of putative RAN translation products from TCF4 were raised and validated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF). CTG·CAG repeats of various lengths in the context of the TCF4 gene were cloned in frame with a 3× FLAG tag and transfected in human cells. IF with antipeptide and anti-FLAG antibodies, as well as cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays, were performed in these transfected cells. Corneal endothelium derived from patients with FECD was probed with validated antibodies by IF. Results CTG·CAG repeats in the context of the TCF4 gene are transcribed and translated via non-ATG initiation in transfected cells and confer toxicity to an immortalized corneal endothelial cell line. An antipeptide antibody raised against the C-terminus of the TCF4 poly-cysteine frame recognized RAN translation products by IF in cells transfected with CTG·CAG repeats and in FECD corneal endothelium. Conclusions Expanded CTG·CAG repeats in the context of the third intron of TCF4 are transcribed and translated via non-ATG initiation, providing evidence for RAN translation in corneal endothelium of patients with FECD.
Antigenic Markers on Normal and Malignant B Cells

Monoclonal antibodies and appropriately absorbed antisera have defined a large number of surface markers on B cells. The distribution of these markers has been studied both in the normal maturation of B cells and in B cell malignancies. It is now possible to give rather detailed descriptions of the markers expressed by normal cells at any given stage of differentiation and to do the same for B cell lymphomas and leukemias in each of the morphological categories of commonly used classification systems. As might be expected, some old concepts of the pathogenesis of lymphomas and leukemias have been shown to be in need of revision.
Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence and Discontinuation in Black and White Women

Background Differential use of endocrine therapy (ET) by race may contribute to breast cancer outcome disparities, but racial differences in ET behaviors are poorly understood. Methods Women aged 20-74 years with a first primary, stage I-III, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer were included. At 2 years postdiagnosis, we assessed nonadherence, defined as not taking ET every day or missing more than two pills in the past 14 days, discontinuation, and a composite measure of underuse, defined as either missing pills or discontinuing completely. Using logistic regression, we evaluated the relationship between race and nonadherence, discontinuation, and overall underuse in unadjusted, clinically adjusted, and socioeconomically adjusted models. Results A total of 1280 women were included; 43.2% self-identified as black. Compared to white women, black women more often reported nonadherence (13.7% vs 5.2%) but not discontinuation (10.0% vs 10.7%). Black women also more often reported the following: hot flashes, night sweats, breast sensitivity, and joint pain; believing that their recurrence risk would not change if they stopped ET; forgetting to take ET; and cost-related barriers. In multivariable analysis, black race remained statistically significantly associated with nonadherence after adjusting for clinical characteristics (adjusted odds ratio = 2.72, 95% confidence interval = 1.75 to 4.24) and after adding socioeconomic to clinical characteristics (adjusted odds ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.50 to 3.97) but was not independently associated with discontinuation after adjustment. Low recurrence risk perception and lack of a shared decision making were strongly predictive of ET underuse across races. Conclusions Our results highlight important racial differences in ET-adherence behaviors, perceptions of benefits/harms, and shared decision making that may be targeted with culturally tailored interventions.
Hormone and growth interactions of scions and size-controlling rootstocks of young apple trees

Size-controlling rootstocks are critical to grow small, efficient trees that enable early and high yield in plantings of apple. Improved knowledge of rootstock-related size-control processes is important for breeding and cultural practices. The research objective was to determine hormone profiles within trees grafted on Malling rootstocks. Buds from ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’, M.7, M.9, M.27, and MM.111 were grafted to rootstocks M.7, M.9, M.27, and MM.111 and then grown in a greenhouse and the field. After 2 years, heights of trees grafted to growth-controlling rootstocks decreased in the order M.9 > M.7 > MM.111 in the greenhouse, the reverse trend that was measured in the field. Although soil resources were not measured, ample availability of resources such as water and mineral nutrients in the greenhouse may have been responsible for the reversal of rootstock effects on tree height in greenhouse and field. Elevated abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were associated with ‘Gala’, MM.111 and M.9 scion that were grafted on M.9 rootstocks. Abscisic acid and abscisic acid glucose ester were generally greater in root, rootstock stem below the graft union, scion above the graft, and xylem exudate of rootstock M.9 than MM.111. Reduced gibberellin (GA19) was found in roots and xylem exudate of ‘Gala’ grafted to M.9 than MM.111 rootstocks. These results support the hypothesis that hormone signals from rootstocks control tree growth but it is likely that stage of development, time after planting, and environmental resources will also interact to influence growth effects of size-controlling rootstocks. It is proposed that gene expression associated with hormone metabolism can be developed to further understand the underpinnings of size-controlling rootstocks and assist the selection of rootstocks for size control and, possibly, for other hormone-related characteristics.
Comparison between cement paste and asphalt mastic modified by carbonaceous materials: Electrical and thermal properties

Abstract Asphalt mastic and cement paste are matrices used to fill voids between aggregates in hot mix asphalt and Portland cement concrete. These matrices, in this study, are modified with carbon fiber (CF) – at variable dosage rates – and graphite powder – at a constant dosage rate – to produce electrically-conductive asphalt mastic and electrically-conductive cement paste for de-icing and anti-icing purposes. The purpose is to study the electrical behavior of conductive mastic and conductive paste in analogous conductive material contents, then demonstrate their heating efficiency under identical energy conditions, a novel feature of this study. Optimum CF contents are identified and temperature-related volume resistivity variation are studied at certain CF contents, another novel feature of this study. Heat generation efficiency is analyzed using infrared thermography (IRT) at a few different CF content values equal to or greater than the optimum. According to the findings of this study, conductive paste with higher conductivity exhibits stable electrical behavior when exposed to a temperature change, while conductive mastic’s volume resistivity drops as temperature decreases. Also, this study shows that both conductive mastic and conductive paste are capable of generating a satisfactory level of heat if modified with proper dosage rates of conductive materials.
Trigger Criteria to Increase Appropriate Palliative Care Consultation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Introduction Pediatric palliative care (PPC) seeks longitudinal relationships with patients facing life-threatening conditions. The majority of pediatric deaths occur within the first year of life, especially neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); however, the consultation by PPC in the NICU is not routine. This project sought to improve the PPC's presence within 1 NICU for patients facing life-limiting conditions through quality improvement techniques. Methods A trigger list of severe, life-threatening conditions impacting neonates was created and implemented to increase PPC consultation within the NICU. Interventions to improve compliance with the trigger list included the collaborative creation of the trigger list, education, modification of PPC staff modeling, and expansion of the perinatal palliative care program. Results Over the 2 years that the project occurred, 31 prenatal and postnatal patients were eligible for PPC consultation based on the trigger list. Of these, 24 received PPC consultation. The primary outcome measure of the project was to increase PPC consultations for those NICU infants identified on a severe diagnosis "trigger" list from 25% to 80% and to maintain this increase for 6 months. This project achieved 100% compliance within 12 months. Conclusions Utilization of quality improvement methodology to address PPC underutilization within an NICU successfully led to the implementation of a trigger list for patients with severe diagnoses to receive PPC services. Such modeling could be used in other health systems to improve palliative care referrals.
Neuronal Vulnerability to Oxidative Damage in Aging

The aging process in the brain is as robust as it is in other body organs and manifests as decrements in cognition, sensory and motor abilities, and autonomic control of various organ systems. This is due to the fact that, with advancing age, brain cells are exposed to increasing levels of oxidative stress, disturbed energy homeostasis, and accumulation of damage to protein, lipids, and nucleic acids. While these changes occur during normal aging, they are exacerbated in neurons that are susceptible to neurodegenerative disorders. The final outcome of the balance between a person’s own genetic background and the environmental changes that affect him or her determines if and when a neurodegenerative disorder will occur. Oxidative molecular alterations that occur during normal aging and that are amplified in the neurons that are affected in neurodegenerative disorders include protein nitrosylation, oxidation of amino acids and DNA bases, lipid peroxidation, and increased amounts of neurotoxic amino acid derivates such as homocysteine. Oxidative damage may render neurons vulnerable to metabolic stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress contributes to the abnormal protein aggregations specific to each disorder − amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in AD, α-synuclein in PD, huntingtin in HD, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in ALS. These protein inclusions may arise, in part, from impaired proteasome function and autophagy. Although the utility of antioxidant ingestion as a preventative strategy for age-related neurological disorders has not yet been demonstrated, age- and disease-related oxidative damage to neurons can be decreased by dietary energy restriction and exercise and accelerated by overeating and diabetes.
Pharmacokinetics of ketamine following a short intravenous infusion to isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Abstract Objective To describe the pharmacokinetics of ketamine following a short intravenous (IV) infusion to isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits. Study design Prospective experimental study. Animals A total of six adult healthy female New Zealand White rabbits. Methods Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in oxygen. Following determination of isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), the isoflurane concentration was reduced to 0.75 MAC and ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg kg–1) was administered IV over 5 minutes. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 17, 21, 35, 65, 125, 215 and 305 minutes after initiating the ketamine infusion. Samples were processed immediately and the plasma separated and stored at –80 °C until analyzed for ketamine and norketamine concentrations using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Compartment models were fitted to the concentration–time data for ketamine and for ketamine plus norketamine using nonlinear mixed-effects (population) modeling. Results A three- and five-compartment model best fitted the plasma concentration–time data for ketamine and for ketamine plus norketamine, respectively. For the ketamine only model, the volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was 3217 mL kg–1, metabolic clearance was 88 mL minute–1 kg–1 and the terminal half-life was 59 minutes. For the model including both ketamine and norketamine, Vss were 3224 and 2073 mL kg–1, total metabolic clearance was 107 and 52 mL minute–1 kg–1 and terminal half-lives were 52 and 55 minutes for the parent drug and its metabolite, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance This study characterized the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine in isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits following short IV infusion. The results obtained herein will be useful to determine ketamine infusion regimens in isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits.
David Oliver: Caring about language doesn’t mean we can’t care

Back in February, the Daily Telegraph ’s Celia Walden used her column to mock the Royal College of Nursing’s (RCN) style guide on the correct terminology and formats to use in nursing communications.12 The piece was ostensibly light hearted, its tone gently ribbing what Walden saw as the RCN’s po-faced attitude. But it wasn’t hard to construe the meaning behind the joke—namely, that we’ve become far too obsessed with “woke” language and identity politics, that it’s distracting and detracting from the vital work of clinical care, and that staff have better things to worry about than putting their foot in it or getting into …
The Evolution of Coronary Intervention and Its Impact on Cardiac Arrhythmias

It was universally held that progressive stenosis of the coronary artery causing angina pectoris will ultimately result in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In a seminal study, Dr. Marcus A. DeeWood and his associates demonstrated that AMI was due to the formation of a thrombus. These observations were indeed revolutionary and would change the management of AMI—from the stenosed coronary artery, the attention shifted to the thrombus. In this chapter, the author discusses the historical aspects of coronary intervention with thrombolysis and primary stenting, its impact on cardiac arrhythmias in acute coronary syndromes, post-intervention arrhythmias, prognostic significance of early versus late ventricular arrhythmias post PCI, arrhythmic events post-MI in patients with depressed EF, impact of time to reperfusion on late ventricular arrhythmias, and management of cardiac arrhythmias post PCI.
Chancery English Empowering Women Against Violence

The benefits of Chancery English extend beyond linguistics and into social justice and healing for victims of sexual violence. Chancery English resulted in clearer, more concise prose which allowed the stories of victims to be recorded effectively. Scribes recorded these stories in court petitions seeking punishment for rapists and murderers. Existing research shows that the use of narrative helps victims to heal from sexual violence. The main texts for the current analysis are Chancery-style court petitions of three women all named Isabelle. The analysis demonstrates how these petitions and the women they concern (or their surviving loved ones) benefited from Chancery prose and were, therefore, able to bring about a greater degree of healing and justice in the human fight against sexual violence.
HLA-associated protection of lymphocytes during influenza virus infection.

Heterozygosity at HLA class I loci is generally considered beneficial for host defense. We report here an element of HLA class I homozygosity that may or may not help preserve its existence in populations but which could indicate a new avenue for antiviral research. Lymphocytes from serologically HLA-homozygous or -heterozygous donors were examined for synthesis of influenza virus proteins and RNA after exposure to virus as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The virus-exposed lymphocytes were also examined for internalization of the virus after exposure, and for susceptibility to virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in comparison with virus-exposed monocytes/macrophages and unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results were compared using two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. Serologically-defined HLA-A2-homozygous lymphocytes, in contrast to heterozygous lymphocytes, did not synthesize detectable influenza virus RNA or protein after exposure to the virus. HLA-A2-homozygous lymphocytes, including both homozygous and heterozygous donors by genetic sequence subtyping, did internalize infectious virus but were not susceptible to lysis by autologous virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (“fratricide”). Similar intrinsic resistance to influenza virus infection was observed with HLA-A1- and HLA-A11-homozygous lymphocytes and with HLA-B-homozygous lymphocytes. A significant proportion of individuals within a population that is characterized by common expression of HLA class I alleles may possess lymphocytes that are not susceptible to influenza virus infection and thus to mutual virus-specific lysis. Further study may identify new approaches to limit influenza virus infection.
Ludwig's angina: infected teeth must be extracted.

Baily and Renwick discuss the management of Ludwig’s angina of dental origin.1 The immediate treatment will comprise airway management, fluid resuscitation, and antibiotic treatment. Sometimes, more often than not in our experience, surgical drainage of the swelling is needed. We …
A Lattice-misfit-dependent Micromechanical Approach in Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloys

Abstract In Ni-based single crystal superalloys, the macroscopic properties are intertwined with their complex bi-phased γ (NiAl)/γ’ (Ni3Al) microstructure. This study aims to better understand the coupled effect of lattice misfit and microstructural state on the macro-scale performance by utilizing a faithful representation of the microstructure, via a phase-field model, as a starting point for a micromechanical model embedded in a finite-element crystal plasticity framework. We outlined a micromechanical model with a lattice-misfit-dependent isotropic hardening that takes a unique description depending on the phase: an Eshelby tensor (sphere or penny) for the precipitates (γ’ phase) and a continuous medium for the matrix (γ phase). Finite-element simulations of strain-controlled monotonic tensile and alternate cyclic tests were performed on a set of realistic 3D phase-field microstructures (cuboidal states and directionally coarsened rafted states) defined by their natural (undeformed) or constrained (deformed) lattice misfits and the width of the γ matrix channels. As the magnitude of the natural lattice misfit gets larger for the cuboidal microstructural states, the tensile test simulations predict smaller macroscopic yield stress and strain hardening as well as smaller stress triaxiality at the microstructure level. The model also predicts that having a more pronounced rafted microstructure yields a smaller stress triaxiality at the microscale. The cyclic simulations showed that the averaged stress triaxiality at the microscale during five simulated cycles is the smallest for a natural lattice misfit of -0.3% and a 60% completed rafting process. These insights allow to better understand the experimental studies that investigated the effect of microstructural states on the mechanical response during monotonic and cyclic loading.
Arrayed wide-angle camera system for the Extremely Large Telescopes

The Arrayed Wide-Angle Camera System (AWACS) is an astronomical wide-field imaging system that utilizes hundreds of replicated small optical units spread across the focal surface of two-mirror telescopes. The AWACS concept is completely different from the traditional monolithic lens-based corrector design and can potentially enable a compact, cost-effective, and high-performance wide-field corrector system for the Extremely Large Telescopes. In this paper, we detail some of the AWACS design features and the results from early laboratory prototype tests.
Item-level monitoring, response style stability, and the hard-easy effect

Cognitive and metacognitive processes during learning depend on accurate monitoring, this investigation examines the influence of immediate item-level knowledge of correct response feedback on cognition monitoring accuracy. In an optional end-of-course computer-based review lesson, participants (n = 68) were randomly assigned to groups to receive either immediate item-by-item feedback (IF) or no immediate feedback (NF). Item-by-item monitoring consisted of confidence self-reports. Two days later, participants completed a retention test (IF = NF, no significant difference). Monitoring accuracy during the review lesson was low, and contrary to expectations was significantly less with immediate feedback (IF < NF, Cohen’s d = .62). Descriptive data shows that (1) monitoring accuracy can be attributed to cues beyond actual item difficulty, (2) a hard-easy effect was observed where item difficulty was related to confidence judgements as a non-monotonic function, (3) response confidence was predicted by the Coh-Metrix dimension Word Concreteness in both the IF and NF treatments, and (4) significant autocorrelations (hysteresis) for confidence measures were observed for NF but not for IF. It seems likely that monitoring is based on multiple and sometimes competing cues, the salience of each relates in some degree to content difficulty, but that the stability of individual response styles plays a substantive role in monitoring. This investigation shows the need for new applications of technology for monitoring multiple measures on the fly to better understand SRL processes to support all learners.
Television Display of Topographic Maps

Television is ideally suited as a cockpit display device in air navigation and as a real time communication link in a topographic data bank. Resolution and geometric fidelity are the two critical factors that must be considered in the design of a TV system for displaying topographic information. Experimental studies showed that a display scale of 8 TV-lines per mm on the map sample would be needed to distinguish the fine details in the TV display. Although the geometric distortions in a conventional TV system may amount to 7.4 TV-lines at one sigma level, an accurate distortion map of the display can be obtained by a photogrammetric calibration procedure.
Abnormal development in the skin of the pupoid fetus (pf/pf) mutant mouse: abnormal keratinization, recovery of a normal phenotype, and relationship to the repeated epilation (Er/Er) mutant mouse.

Publisher Summary There are many mutations of the mouse that affect epidermal differentiation. The great majority of these mutations affects hair development and one (hairless) expression of the mutant gene has been localized to the epidermis. Mutations resulting in the failure of keratinization are much rarer, perhaps due to the disastrous consequences of affecting such a fundamental process. Recently, however, an autosomal recessive mutation of the mouse resulting in a complete failure of terminal differentiation of the epidermis was described. This chapter describes the various aspects of the abnormal development and keratinization of the pupoid fetus (pf/pf) mutant skin. It describes both the morphological and biochemical abnormalities of the pf/pf epidermis, discusses the efforts to localize the site of mutant gene expression, and reports the attempts to understand the shortcomings of embryonic regulation that cause the abnormalities. It also explores the similarities between the pf mutation and the related repeated epilation (Er) mutation of the mouse.
TH-CD-BRB-03: Knowledge-Based Planning in SRS: From Quality Control to Full Automation

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) have now been applied clinically for several decades. The accumulation of published technical and clinical studies currently available has offered insights into both the efficacy and special concerns associated with the delivery of the stereotactic approach to different disease sites. The last few years have witnessed significant advances in both delivery technology and planning approaches. Digital linacs equipped with high dose rate flattening-filter free (FFF) beams are particularly well suited to stereotactic applications. Modern image guidance provides a framework for managing uncertainties and optimizing margins. Knowledge-based approaches can automate many aspects of the treatment planning process. This session will provide an overview of these important technical considerations in SRS/SBRT, and discuss approaches to safe clinical implementation. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand commissioning and application of FFF beams in SRS and SBRT applications 2. Understand how image guidance plays a role in the design of treatment margins and the management of uncertainties 3. Understand the methodology and application of knowledge-based planning to SRS and SBRT Kevin Moore: research funding, honoraria and travel support from Varian Medical Systems Kristy Brock: licensing agreement with RaySearch Laboratories for deformable registration technology Richard Popple: research funding and honoraria from Varian Medical Systems Timothy Solberg: honoraria from BrainLAB, ownership of Global Radiosurgery Services
Filtering Schilling manipulator commands to prevent flexible structure vibration

The remediation and management of various nuclear sites will require inspection, removal and surveillance operations within many waste storage tanks. Due to the large dimensions, many tasks will be performed with a small articulated robot mounted on a long reach manipulator. However, the motion of the small arm tends to excite the vibrational modes of the larger structure. This paper presents several applications of a finite impulse response (FIR) compensation filter within the micromanipulator's joint feedback control structure to suppress the structure's flexible behavior. Simulation results of filtering a Schilling manipulator's azimuth joint commands while mounted on the tip of a long slender beam verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.
The Case for Banning Subprime Mortgages

While the subprime mortgage boom was in full swing, its benefits to American society were widely touted. Subprime mortgages were said to have increased homeownership. The subprime effect was supposed to have been especially strong for low-income and minority families previously unable to buy homes. The democratization of credit was also attributed to subprime mortgages.The empirical data do not support these welfare claims. The U.S. homeownership rate increased somewhat between 1994 and 2007. Subprime mortgages, however, were mostly made to existing homeowners to refinance debt; very few were made to first-time home buyers. The number of homes lost due to subprime foreclosures significantly exceeded the new homeowners added by subprime mortgages. Subprime mortgages also displaced the safer and lower-cost FHA loans that would otherwise have been made. Conventional prime mortgages for purchases fully accounted for the observed increase in homeownership.The welfare harms caused by subprime mortgage lending are readily measurable. They include the direct impact of more than two million foreclosures on families, the resulting property value losses, the social and fiscal impact on cities where subprime mortgages were concentrated, the price discrimination resulting in black and Latino homeowners paying unnecessarily high rates, and the broader impacts on the credit markets and the economy. The disastrous consequences of subprime mortgage lending were in part the result of deregulating mortgage interest rates. Similar harms can be prevented in the future by re-imposing reasonable interest rate limits on first-lien mortgages. FHA should be restored to its role as the primary provider of mortgages to first-time, low- and moderate-income home buyers.
Photonic lattices fabricated using Si lithographic processes

This paper will overview our work on the fabrication of photonic crystals using advanced silicon processing techniques. We will discuss the fabrication of three-dimensional silicon structures, metallic three-dimensional structures and dielectric one-dimensional structures.
Recognition of chimeric small-subunit ribosomal DNAs composed of genes from uncultivated microorganisms

When PCR was used to recover small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes from a hot spring cyanobacterial mat community, chimeric SSU rRNA sequences which exhibited little or no secondary structural abnormality were recovered. They were revealed as chimeras of SSU rRNA genes of uncultivated species through separate phylogenetic analysis of short sequence domains.
Discrete tracks-possibilities for high-density magnetic disks?

Future rigid-disk magnetic data storage systems that will require recorded track widths approaching 1 mu m by the end of the next decade are discussed. Discrete-track magnetic recording has allowed the scaling of the readback signal characteristics to be determined for track widths as narrow as 0.5 mu m. The suppression of edge noise present in continuous thin-film recording media coupled with the elimination of noise from the guardband between tracks may offer performance advantages for discrete tracks at very narrow track width. >
CSF proteins and resting-state functional connectivity in Parkinson disease.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between disruption of MRI-measured resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fcMRI) brain networks and CSF levels of potentially pathogenic proteins that reflect brain pathology in Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: PD participants without dementia (n = 43) and age-matched controls (n = 22) had lumbar punctures to measure CSF protein levels, Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)–PET imaging, and rs-fcMRI while off medication. Imaging analyses focused on 5 major resting-state networks as well as the striatum. Results: Participants with PD had significantly reduced sensorimotor functional connectivity, which correlated with reduced CSF levels of α-synuclein. The PD group also had significantly stronger default mode network functional connectivity that did not correlate with CSF β-amyloid (Aβ) 42 or PiB uptake. In contrast, default mode network functional connectivity in the control group did correlate with CSF Aβ 42 levels. Functional connectivity was similar between groups in the dorsal attention, control, and salience networks. Conclusion: These results suggest that abnormal α-synuclein accumulation, but not Aβ, contributes to the disruption of motor-related functional connectivity in PD. Furthermore, correlating CSF protein measures with the strength of resting-state networks provides a direct link between abnormal α-synuclein metabolism and disrupted brain function in PD.
Population differentiation of a threatened plant: variation in response to local environment and implications for restoration1

Abstract Sanders, S. and J. B. McGraw (Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505). Population differentiation of a threatened plant: variation in response to local environment and implications for restoration. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 561–572. 2005.—Intraspecific genetic variation in plants is frequently associated with adaptation to local environments. Detection of ecotypic differentiation can promote an understanding of a species' distribution and be an important consideration in restoration efforts. We performed a classical reciprocal transplant study using four natural populations of Hydrastis canadensis to test for localized adaptation. Hydrastis canadensis exhibited plasticity in response to site quality variation, and at the site level there was no evidence of local genetic adaptation or differential performance of plants derived from distinct source populations. However, the four H. canadensis sources responded differentially to microsites within the transplant site. A ...
The Influence of Diverse Values, Ecological Structure, and Geographic Context on Residents’ Multifaceted Landscaping Decisions

Previous research has examined the influence of values on human-ecological decisions, yet disparate approaches render inferences across studies difficult. In this paper, we present a robust conceptualization of values, encompassing general life values, broad-based environmental orientations, and specific yard priorities, while comparatively examining how these influence residents’ land-management practices. Coupling a social survey with observational field data in Phoenix, Arizona, we address how 1) diverse values affect residents’ multifaceted landscaping practices, 2) yard structure impacts water and chemical applications, and 3) land management varies across distinctive geographic contexts. Overall, values were not strongly related to land management decisions. Of those that were significant, most were related to groundcover and herbicide use. Yet diverse environmental values influenced landscaping practices in varying and complex ways. In addition, the historic and socioeconomic setting of neighborhoods affect the extent of lawns and related management inputs, while heightened use of pesticides in rock-based, drought-tolerant yards challenges the notion of these lawn alternatives as an environmentally friendly and low maintenance choice.
Prospects in controlling morphology, dynamics and responsiveness of supramolecular polymers

The programmed assembly of molecules into supramolecular polymers is of great interest for developing stimuli-responsive “smart” materials. Controlling the morphology, dynamics and responsiveness of such materials is essential for future applications. It, however, necessitates fundamental understanding of non-covalent forces that direct the ordering of molecules in complex environments. This paper highlights recent progress in the area and anticipates further directions.
Switching capacity of FcεRII-positive and -negative murine B cells

In previous studies, our laboratory demonstrated the utility of the low affinity IgE Fc receptor (Fc epsilon RII) in delineating a number of murine B cell subsets. In the spleen, the Fc epsilon RII is expressed on mature conventional B cells but is absent on marginal zone B cells. In the peritoneal cavity, the receptor is present on all conventional B cells, but is not expressed on fresh peritoneal Ly1/sister B cells. The studies in this report compared the ability of these B cell populations to isotype switch. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interleukin (IL)-4-driven system, sort-purified Fc epsilon RII-positive and -negative B cells from peritoneum and spleen were tested for switching to IgG1, IgE, and IgA. The results demonstrated that regardless of their source, Fc epsilon RII+ B cells produced significant levels of IgG1 and IgE. Similar results were obtained with Fc epsilon RII- (marginal zone) B cells obtained from spleen. In contrast, Fc epsilon RII- (Ly1/sister) peritoneal B cells were found to produce IgG1 and IgA, but were incapable of secreting significant levels of IgE. Further studies tested for LPS and IL-4-induced expression of Fc epsilon RII and Thy1 on the various B cell populations. These experiments demonstrated the induction of the Fc epsilon RII on all B cells, regardless of their initial resting levels. Additionally, Thy1 was found to be induced only on those B cell subsets capable of producing IgE. Taken together, the results demonstrate a correlation between IgE secretion and Thy1 expression, and no apparent correlation between the presence of the Fc epsilon RII and isotype commitment.
Hardened portland cement pastes of low porosity IV. Surface area and pore structure

Abstract This paper deals with the total surface areas, total pore volumes, and the distribution of pore surface and pore volume in pores of different sizes of 25 low-porosity pastes. A Type II clinker was ground with two grinding aids: diethyl carbonate and Reax 70. The water-cement ratios were 0.2 and 0.3. The hydration temperatures were 5°, 25°, and 50°C. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at -196°C and water vapor adsorption isotherms at 25°C were used for the surface area and pore structure determinations. The methods used in the analyses of micropores and wider pores were those developed by Brunauer and his coworkers.
Synthesis and structures of ternary chalcogenides of aluminum and gallium with stacking faults : KMQ2 (M = Al, Ga; Q = Se, Te)

Abstract The synthesis and crystal structures of new ternary chalcogenides of aluminum and gallium, K MQ 2 ( M =Al, Ga; Q =Se, Te) are reported. These compounds were synthesized by solid-state reaction at 800°C in Nb containers. The single-crystal structures of K M Te 2 ( M =Al, Ga) have been determined; KAlTe 2 , a =11.808(2) A, b =11.812(2) A, c =16.456(3) A, β =100.32(3)°, C 2/ c (No. 15, Z =16); KGaTe 2 , a =11.768(3) A, b =11.775(3) A, c =16.503(4) A, β =100.36(2)°, C2 / c (No. 15, Z =16). The fundamental building blocks of the title compounds are adamantane-like M 4 Q 10 ( M 4 Q 10 = M 4 Q 4 Q 12/2 ) supertetrahedra consisting of four MQ 4 ( M =Al, Ga; Q =Se, Te) tetrahedra. These supertetrahedra form two-dimensional 2 ∞ [ M 4 Q 6 Q 4/2 = MQ 2 ] − layers by sharing terminal chalcogen atoms with adjacent supertetrahedra. These layers form a stack up to the c axis with each layer rotated by 90° relative to its neighbors. Potassium cations are located inside trigonal prisms formed by six chalcogen atoms. Stacking faults up the c * axis are evidenced by streaks in oscillation photographs. Only half of the data set is affected by this type of faulting. We demonstrate both analytically and by use of the DIFFaX program that our structural model for the faulting is consistent with the observed streaking patterns.
Comparative analysis of scrapie agent inactivation methods

A scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenate was subjected to several different potential inactivation methods. Methods included autoclaving for various lengths of time, either alone or in combination with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide or LpH, an aqueous acid phenolic derivative (Calgon Vestal Laboratories in St. Louis, MO). Inactivation treatments utilizing either NaOH or LpH alone were also evaluated. It was determined that several of the treatments inactivated all of the detectable infectivity.
Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears

Spur gear endurance tests were conducted to investigate the surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute gears with low numbers of teeth and low contact ratios for use in advanced applications. The results were compared with those for a standard involute design with a low number of teeth. The gear pitch diameter was 8.89 cm (3.50 in.) with 12 teeth on both gear designs. Test conditions were an oil inlet temperature of 320 K (116 F), an oil outlet temperature of 350 K (170 F), a maximum Hertz stress of 1.49 GPa (216 ksi), and a speed of 10 000 rpm. The following results were obtained: the noninvolute gear had a surface pitting fatigue life approximately 1.6 times that of the standard involute gear of a similar design; and the surface pitting fatigue life of the 3.43-pitch AISI 8620 noninvolute gear was approximately equal to the surface pitting fatigue life of an 8-pitch, 28-tooth AISI 9310 gear at the same load but at a considerably higher maximum Hertz stress.
Molecular Mimicry in Development: Identification of ste11+ As a Substrate and mei3+ As a Pseudosubstrate Inhibitor of ran1+ Kinase

ran1+ (pat1+) kinase inhibits exit from the mitotic cell cycle and entry into meiosis. Inactivation of ran1+ by mei3+ is sufficient to precipitate the entire meiotic developmental program. Here, we show that the ste11+ transcription factor is a substrate for ran1+ in vitro and that this reaction is directly inhibited by mei3+. Sequence comparison reveals that ste11+ contains two domains homologous to each other and to a domain of mei3+. Mutagenesis studies reveal that the regions of homology contain substrate specificity determinants. These results identify sequences critical for phosphorylation of ste11+ by ran1+ and suggest that mei3+ employs a pseudosubstrate mechanism for its inhibitory function.