cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of Human Globin Genes in Transgenic Mice Carrying the β-Globin Gene Cluster with a Mutation Causing Gγβ+ Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobina

We have introduced into the mouse germ line the 40-kilobase (kb) Kpn I fragment containing the beta-globin gene cluster from an individual with a non-deletion form of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) believed to be due to a point mutation at position -202 of the G gamma-globin gene. The G gamma-globin gene, as well as the beta-globin gene, was expressed in adult erythroid tissues of the resulting transgenic mice. The level of expression of the G gamma-globin gene was about 20% of that of the beta-globin gene. Others have previously shown that cloned individual normal human beta- and gamma-globin genes containing a limited amount of 5'- and 3'-flanking DNA are expressed in a manner similar to that of their corresponding murine homologs during development in transgenic mice. In contrast, we have observed that the pattern of expression of the normal (non-mutated) A gamma- and beta-globin genes in the 40-kb insert was different from that of their corresponding murine homologs. The beta-globin gene remained inactive at the fetal stage, whereas the normal A gamma-globin gene was expressed beyond the embryonic (yolk sac) stage into the fetal stage of development and then became inactive in adult erythroid cells. The pattern of expression of the human globin transgenes during mouse development resembles that observed during human development. These results suggest that the gross organization of the human beta-like globin gene cluster is important for stage-specific expression of each human globin gene during development.
Evaluation of protein nutrition by metabolizable protein and urea fermentation potential.

Metabolizable protein and selected metabolizable amino acid requirements for lactating cows were described, and tentative values were established for differnt yields of milk.A new expression"urea fermentation potential of feeds," describes urea use in lactation rations for partial satisfaction of protein and amino acid requirements. Tentative urea fermentation values were established for the more common cattle feedstuffs. Four lactation rations were formulated with different fermentation values to illustrate the variable feeding value of urea in satisfying amino acid requirements at different yields of lactation. Urea had the highest feeding value in lower-protein rations when fed to cows with medium to low yields of milk.Conversely, urea, by the metabolizable protein system, had little or no feeding value in lactation rations having more than about12% protein on a dry matter basis or in rations supporting lactations in excess of 25 to 30 kg of milk per cow per day.
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) for analysis of gene expression in specific tissues during embryonic epithelial–mesenchymal transformation

The analysis of gene expression in developing organs is a valuable tool for the assessment of genetic fingerprints during the various stages of tissue differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). However, the variety of differentiating cells and the close association of epithelial and mesenchymal cells makes it difficult to extract protein and mRNA from specific cells and tissue and, thus, to assign expressed genes to specific cell populations. We report here the analysis of LEF1 mRNA in epithelial and mesenchymal cells isolated by LCM from different stages of EMT during development of the mouse palate and describe our techniques in detail. By applying a laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we were able to determine mRNA levels that accurately reflect changes in gene expression in specific cells. The sensitivity of the technique is remarkable. Indeed, the mRNAs can be detected for many proteins too low in abundance to stain with antibodies. These techniques will enable embryologists to collect homogeneous groups of cells from heterogeneous populations in developing organs, which otherwise would not be available for gene analysis.
Nitric oxide as a vascular modulator

Abstract Nitric oxide is a simple diatomic molecule that is involved in a wide variety of physiologic processes in the vasculature. Nitric oxide is an important determinant of vascular tone, regulates endothelial integrity, and modulates platelet-vessel wall interactions. Dysregulation of nitric oxide production has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of vascular diseases including essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, and reperfusion injury. This review will focus on the biochemistry, physiology, and pathobiology of nitric oxide with regard to its role in the vasculature.
Novel Neuroimaging Methods to Understand How HIV Affects the Brain.

In much of the developed world, the HIV epidemic has largely been controlled by antiretroviral treatment. Even so, there is growing concern that HIV-infected individuals may be at risk for accelerated brain aging and a range of cognitive impairments. What promotes or resists these changes is largely unknown. There is also interest in discovering factors that promote resilience to HIV and combat its adverse effects in children. Here, we review recent developments in brain imaging that reveal how the virus affects the brain. We relate these brain changes to changes in blood markers, cognitive function, and other patient outcomes or symptoms, such as apathy or neuropathic pain. We focus on new and emerging techniques, including new variants of brain MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging, for example, can map the brain’s structural connections, while fMRI can uncover functional connections. Finally, we suggest how large-scale global research alliances, such as ENIGMA, may resolve controversies over effects where evidence is now lacking. These efforts pool scans from tens of thousands of individuals and offer a source of power not previously imaginable for brain imaging studies.
MgO:LiNbO(3) single-crystal fiber with magnesium-ion in-diffused cladding.

A Mg-ion in-diffusion process was applied to form an optical guiding structure in LiNbO3 single-crystal fibers. A parabolic refractive-index profile was formed in a 56-μm-diameter, c-axis MgO:LiNbO3 fiber, yielding quasi-single-mode (two modes) propagation.
Predicting implantation with a neuromodulator using two different test stimulation techniques: A prospective randomized study in urge incontinent women.

Aims The purpose of this study was to determine whether a percutaneous needle electrode (PNE) technique or a surgical first stage lead placement (FSLP) better predicted whether a patient would progress to implantation of a pulse generator (IPG) in older urge incontinent women. Methods Thirty subjects ≥55 years with refractory urge incontinence who had been selected to undergo a test stimulation procedure were randomized to either PNE or FSLP. Thirteen underwent PNE placement and seventeen underwent FSLP placement. If during the test stimulation period subjects had greater than 50% improvement in their incontinence parameters they qualified for permanent lead and/or IPG implantation of the Interstim® device. Results Twenty-one subjects (70%) responded to the test stimulation and underwent implantation, 15/17 (88%) in the FSLP group and 6/13 (46%) in the PNE group. Subjects who were randomized to the FSLP group were significantly more likely to proceed to implantation of the IPG (P = 0.02) than those in the PNE group. There was no significant difference in demographics, pre-test stimulation incontinence parameters or post-stimulation visual analog pain scores between the randomized groups or between test stimulation responders and non-responders. When comparing FSLP and PNE responders, there was no significant difference in the percent improvement in 24-hr pad weight, daily pad usage, or daily incontinence. Conclusion FSLP better predicted progression to implantation of the IPG than a test stimulation with a PNE in an older urge incontinent cohort. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A simple and efficient dithering method for vector quantizer based mismatch-shaped ΔΣ DACs

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the generation of tones in the output spectra of vector-quantizer (VQ) based multibit mismatch-shaped ΔΣ digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Building upon the analysis, a simple yet elegant method of adding dither to remove tones from the output spectra is presented. It achieves a better mismatch shaping performance with a low hardware cost compared to existing dithering techniques.
Pharmacometrics and delivery of novel nanoformulated PEG-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles of rapamycin

Purpose To determine the pharmacokinetics, tissue, and blood distribution of rapamycin PEG-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) micelle formulations with and without the addition of α-tocopherol compared to control rapamycin in Tween 80/PEG 400/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) (7:64:29).
Physical Activity in Child and Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Review.

Abstract Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for future health problems. As such, physical activity (PA) has been targeted as a health promotion priority in child and adolescent cancer survivors. Research indicates that a large portion of pediatric survivors do not meet PA recommendations. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory as a framework, this review presents a conceptual model to explain child and adolescent survivors' PA. The model considers predictors of PA across six domains: (1) demographic, (2) medical, (3) cognitive/emotional, (4) behavioural, (5) social/cultural and (6) environmental. A structured literature review found 14 empirical articles examining those predictors of PA among child and adolescent cancer survivors. Much existing research is cross-sectional, but suggests multiple factors work together to encourage or discourage PA among survivors of child/adolescent cancer. The conceptual model, which is based in empirical findings to date, can be used to understand the proc...
On the fluorescence of methyl salicylate in hydrogen bonding solvents

Abstract Two fluorescence bands have been observed in methanolic solutions of methyl salicylate whose relative intensity depends on excitation wavelength. This effect which is not observed in methylcyclohexane is explained by the existence of a small fraction of ester molecules, each with a broken hydrogen bond.
The effect of degree of hypoxia on the electroencephalogram in infants.

Electroencephalograms were performed upon 14 infants with congenital heart disease under conditions of varying oxygen saturation. The minimum oxygen saturations were 49 to 88 per cent and the maximum were 65 to 99 per cent. Infants who had at least 10 per cent improvement in oxygen saturation are recorded here. Six infants had a decrease and 8 had an increase of electroencephalographic waves of 1 to 4 per second with an increase in oxygen saturation. An increase of 10 per cent or more in the oxygen saturation of the blood did not produce a significant change in the EEG.
Call graph construction in object-oriented languages

Interprocedural analyses enable optimizing compilers to more precisely model the effects of non-inlined procedure calls, potentially resulting in substantial increases in application performance. Applying interprocedural analysis to programs written in object-oriented or functional languages is complicated by the difficulty of constructing an accurate program call graph. This paper presents a parameterized algorithmic framework for call graph construction in the presence of message sends and/or first class functions. We use this framework to describe and to implement a number of well-known and new algorithms. We then empirically assess these algorithms by applying them to a suite of medium-sized programs written in Cecil and Java, reporting on the relative cost of the analyses, the relative precision of the constructed call graphs, and the impact of this precision on the effectiveness of a number of interprocedural optimizations.
Annual growth in longleaf (Pinus palustris) and pond pine (P. serotina) in the Sandhills of North Carolina is driven by interactions between fire and climate

Abstract Understory fires are important for the maintenance of pine savanna ecosystems of the southeastern U.S., which contain high biodiversity and numerous federally endangered species. Prescribed burns are administered to maintain the open structure of pine savannas, conserve biodiversity, and to reduce wildfire hazard. However, relatively little research has examined which factors control the effects of prescribed burns on mature trees, and how responses might be altered by changing climate. The impact of prescribed burning on growth responses is likely to vary by tree species and by environmental conditions. To test the importance of these factors, tree cores were taken from mature Pinus palustris and Pinus serotina individuals at multiple locations across Fort Bragg, NC, a military preserve with detailed records on prescribed burn history dating back to 1991. Individual trees were sampled along the hydrologic gradient from xeric uplands to streamside wetlands. Annual growth was modeled as a function of species identity, hydrologic position, fire history, and climate conditions. We determined that prescribed burning produced a moderate decline in annual growth indicating that stress from prescribed burns outweighs benefits from increased water and nutrient availability. We found that the negative effects from prescribed burning were diminished or reversed during warmer years, and that the model predicts potential increases in growth during burn years under anticipated climate change scenarios. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in growth rate by species or hydrologic position. Together these findings suggest that while prescribed burns may have minor, short-term impacts on tree growth under most current conditions, these effects are small enough that they are unlikely to outweigh the many benefits of this management technique for other aspects of ecosystem structure.
Detection of Human βV-Tubulin Expression in Epithelial Cancer Cell Lines by Tubulin Proteomics†

Tubulin, the constitutive protein of microtubules, is a heterodimeric protein with an alpha and beta subunit, encoded in vertebrates by six and seven different genes, respectively. Each tubulin isotype can be identified by its divergent C-terminal sequence. Nevertheless, two groups of beta-tubulin isotypes can be distinguished by sequence alignment; one includes betaI-, betaII-, betaIVa-, and betaIVb-tubulin, and the other includes betaIII-, betaV-, and betaVI-tubulin. betaIII-tubulin overexpression has been associated with microtubule destabilization and resistance to Taxol. Recent data indicate that mouse betaV-tubulin overexpression in CHO cells results in profound microtubule disorganization and dependence of cells on Taxol for growth. Mouse and human betaV-tubulin sequences display several differences, such as their respective extreme C-terminus, suggesting that they may have different effects on microtubule stability and different affinities for drugs. When high-resolution isoelectric focusing, in-gel CNBr cleavage, and mass spectrometry were combined, we detected for the first time the betaV-tubulin protein in human cell lines and found that it was highly expressed in Hey, an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. Our data confirm that human and rodent betaV-tubulins are distinct and indicate that, regardless of species, betaIII- and betaV-tubulin may be expressed in a complementary pattern at the protein level. Therefore, both betaIII- and betaV-tubulin expression levels should be systematically determined to assess the role of differential tubulin isotype expression in the response of tumors to drugs targeting microtubules.
Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 catabolism and potentiation of hepatic prostaglandin E2 action in rat hepatocytes by inhibitors of oxidative metabolism.

Abstract Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) can modulate the actions of a number of hormones in liver. PGE 2 is rapidly metabolized in liver tissue, and thus alterations in the rate of PGE 2 catabolism might exert a short-term influence on the concentration of PGE 2 in liver. The present study examined the effects of inhibitors of oxidative metabolism on PGE 2 catabolism and action in isolated rat hepatocytes. [ 3 H]-PGE 2 was metabolized to three major products by the hepatocyte system as assessed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Metyrapone (5 mM), aminopyrine (5 mM), SKF-525A (20 μM) and α-napthoflavone (20 μM) each inhibited the breakdown of [ 3 H]-PGE 2 . The inhibition of oxidative metabolism by these compounds was not limited to action at cytochrome P-450, and metyrapone, aminopyrine and SKF-525A each was shown to inhibit [1- 14 C]-palmitate β-oxidation in the hepatocyte system. To determine the contribution of β-oxidation to the rapid catabolism of [ 3 H]-PGE 2 , studies were performed using [1− 14 C]-PGE 2 as substrate. Two major product peaks seen with [ 3 H]-PGE 2 as substrate lacked radioactivity when [1− 14 C]-PGE 2 was the substrate, and thus these two products did not contain the 1-position carbon, consistent with their identity as β-oxidation products. Furthermore, [1− 14 C]-PGE 2 also yielded 14 CO 2 and a [ 14 C]-PGE 2 metabolite not seen with [ 3 H]-PGE 2 . It was calculated that 60% of the rapid PGE 2 inactivation in the hepatocyte system occurred via β-oxidation. An additional, non-β-oxidation, metyrapone-sensitive, pathway accounted for 26% of PGE 2 disappearance. The effect of PGE 2 to inhibit glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis was potentiated when metyrapone was included in the incubation, consistent with increased survival of intact PGE 2 . In summary, PGE 2 was rapidly inactivated by intact hepatocytes via oxidative metabolism, primarily β-oxidation. Inhibition of prostaglandin catabolism can have short-term effects on PGE 2 concentrations and result in potentiation of PGE 2 effects on hepatic glucose metabolism.
Automatic Entity Recognition and Typing from Massive Text Corpora: A Phrase and Network Mining Approach

In today's computerized and information-based society, we are soaked with vast amounts of text data, ranging from news articles, scientific publications, product reviews, to a wide range of textual information from social media. To unlock the value of these unstructured text data from various domains, it is of great importance to gain an understanding of entities and their relationships.In this tutorial, we introduce data-driven methods to recognize typed entities of interest in massive, domain-specific text corpora. These methods can automatically identify token spans as entity mentions in documents and label their types (e.g., people, product, food) in a scalable way. We demonstrate on real datasets including news articles and tweets how these typed entities aid in knowledge discovery and management.
Range of normal valve annulus size in neonates

Abstract In preterm and term infants, weight can be used as a predictor of normal valve annulus dimensions measured by 2-dimensional echocardiography. The relation of weight and annulus size in neonates with-out heart disease may be used as a reference standard for determining adequacy of valve annular dimensions.
Challenging Child Labor: Transnational Activism and India's Carpet Industry:

Transnational movements have become an important component of an emerging and relatively recently theorized transnational civil society in the field of international relations. Nongovernmental organizations, social movements, and social activists concerned with the global issues of poverty, environment, and human rights have created an intellectual and political global space outside the national territorial space to give voice to their concerns on issues of transnational importance. This article examines transnational human rights movement around the issue of child labor in the carpet industry in India. Although the intersection of child labor with the carpet trade from India was utilized effectively by Indian and German activists to bring about changes in child labor use, the more foundational impact has been the creation of Rugmark, a label that certifies child-labor-free carpets and provides services for the rehabilitation and education of children involved in the carpet industry.
Near-field enhanced ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy using aluminum bow-tie nano-antenna.

An aluminum bow-tie nano-antenna is combined with the resonance Raman effect in the deep ultraviolet to dramatically increase the sensitivity of Raman spectra to a small volume of material, such as benzene used here. We further demonstrate gradient-field Raman peaks for several strong infrared modes. We achieve a gain of ∼105 in signal intensity from the near field enhancement due to the surface plasmon resonance in the aluminum nanostructure. The on-line resonance enhancement contributes another factor of several thousands, limited by the laser line width. Thus, an overall gain of hundreds of million is achieved.
Symplectic Spaces And Ear-Decomposition Of Matroids

Matroids admitting an odd ear-decomposition can be viewed as natural generalizations of factor-critical graphs. We prove that a matroid representable over a field of characteristic 2 admits an odd ear-decomposition if and only if it can be represented by some space on which the induced scalar product is a non-degenerate symplectic form. We also show that, for a matroid representable over a field of characteristic 2, the independent sets whose contraction admits an odd ear-decomposition form the family of feasible sets of a representable Δ-matroid.
Measurement of Strain Distributions in Mouse Femora with 3D-Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Bone is a mechanosensitive tissue that adapts its mass, architecture and mechanical properties to external loading. Appropriate mechanical loads offer an effective means to stimulate bone remodeling and prevent bone loss. A role of in situ strain in bone is considered essential in enhancement of bone formation, and establishing a quantitative relationship between 3D strain distributions and a rate of local bone formation is important. Digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) can achieve whole-field, non-contacting measurements of microscopic deformation for high-resolution determination of 3D strain distributions. However, the current system does not allow us to derive accurate strain distributions because of complex surface contours inherent to biological samples. Through development of a custom-made piezoelectric loading device as well as a new DSPI-based force calibration system, we built an advanced DSPI system and integrated local contour information to deformation data. Using a mouse femur in response to a knee loading modality as a model system, we determined 3D strain distributions and discussed effectiveness and limitations of the described system.
Communications: Histopathology of Gas Bubble Disease in Juvenile Rainbow Trout

Abstract Tissues from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) grossly demonstrating gas bubble disease were examined histologically. Gas emboli were observed in vessels of gill filaments, in postorbital hemorrhages, and the atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus of the heart. Emphysemas were apparent in the dermis, between the dermis and epidermis, and in areolar connective tissue of fins, gill arches, and in the roofs of mouths. Necrosis, inflammation, and plasma leakage were sometimes associated with emphysemas.
PVY: An Old Enemy and A Continuing Challenge

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important viruses affecting potato production worldwide. The virus has been extensively studied for several decades, yet considerable economic losses continue to be suffered by the potato industry around the world. PVY is transmitted by several species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner, making control with insecticides difficult. Additionally, the virus occurs as several distinct strains, each with their own biological, serological, and molecular characteristics. This wide diversity continues to be a challenge to researchers, growers, and processors wherever the crop is grown. Here I will examine the general characteristics of PVY and touch upon some of the major facets of this important and variable virus.
Web-Based Data Inquiry and Real-Time Control of Structural Health Monitoring Sensor Networks

This paper presents a Web-based data inquiry and real-time control of sensor’s operating mode for structural health monitoring sensor networks. The main objective of the presented system is to provide a Web interface for real-time sensor data visualization, sensor-level damage diagnosis, and control of sensor’s operating mode. Web services are available both on distributed sensor nodes and a data repository machine. Users can request Web pages hosted on the sensor nodes or the data repository machine by specifying corresponding sensor IDs. The ability of directly accessing data on sensor nodes via internet allows users to monitor a structure’s performance in a timely manner. The damage diagnosis algorithms implemented on the sensor nodes help users to assess the structural health conditions without the need of transmitting sensor data to a central data station. The presented system also provides the capability of dynamically changing sensor’s operating mode through the Web interface. This feature greatly enhances the flexibility of the system to accommodate different sensing needs and achieve a long lifespan. The system has been tested in the Laboratory to validate its capabilities.© 2009 ASME
Embryonic expression patterns of the drosophila decapentaplegic gene : separate regulatory elements control blastoderm expression and lateral ectodermal expression

Patterns of decapentaplegic (dpp) transcripts derived from the intact gene were compared to the patterns of transcripts generated by partial dpp transgenes in Drosophila embryos. Sequences closest to the dpp coding regions, the dpp hin region, were sufficient to express lacZ-tagged mRNA in patterns indistinguishable from the patterns of endogenous dpp expression in the dorsal and terminal cells at the blastoderm stage, in the dorsal ectoderm during germ band elongation, and in narrow stripes of ectodermal cells along the dorsal edge of the ectoderm and at the boundary between the lateral and ventral neurogenic regions during germ band shortening. The latter pattern of expression responded to the segment polarity genes naked and wingless. However, these dpp sequences were not sufficient to drive lacZ-tagged mRNA expression in other cells normally expressing dpp, including cells in the gnathal segments, the clypeolabrum, the foregut, the midgut visceral mesoderm, and the hindgut. Two separate regulatory regions were found in the dpp hin region. A 479 bp region upstream of the promoter was necessary for the segmented pattern of expression in the lateral ectoderm and for expression in the midgut endoderm. Cis-acting elements in the 2 kbp second intron directed expression in the dorsal and terminal regions of the blastoderm, acted on a heterologous promoter, the P-element promoter, and responded to pattern information derived from the maternal effect dorsal/ventral patterning genes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Primitive complete normal bases: Existence in certain 2-power extensions and lower bounds

The present paper is a continuation of the author's work (Hachenberger (2001) [3]) on primitivity and complete normality. For certain 2-power extensions E over a Galois field F"q, we are going to establish the existence of a primitive element which simultaneously generates a normal basis over every intermediate field of E/F"q. The main result is as follows: Letq=3mod4and letm(q)>=3be the largest integer such that2^m^(^q^)dividesq^2-1; ifE=F"q"^"2"^"^"^"l, wherel>=m(q)+3, then there exists a primitive element inEthat is completely normal overF"q. Our method not only shows existence but also gives a fairly large lower bound on the number of primitive completely normal elements. In the above case this number is at least 4@?(q-1)^2^^^l^^^-^^^2. We are further going to discuss lower bounds on the number of such elements in r-power extensions, where r=2 and q=1mod4, or where r is an odd prime, or where r is equal to the characteristic of the underlying field.
Improved preparation and new reactions of β -(1-phenylthio) cyclopropyl enones

Abstract β-(1-Phenylthio)cyclopropyl enones can be conveniently prepared via reaction of the lithium salts of α-hydroxymethylene ketones with 1-lithio-1-phenylthiocyclopropane and are converted efficiently by treatment with aqueous acid to γ-keto cyclobutanones and less successfully by thermolysis to -γ-keto phenylthiocyclopentenes.
Integrating introductory courses in computer graphics and animation

Introductory Computer Graphics is a popular and motivational course for computer science undergraduates. The students have the ability to “see” the results of their programs, the opportunity to apply a high level of creativity, and the satisfaction of impressing their peers. Computer animation provides similar advantages from a motivational point of view. A normal scheduling sequence for these two courses would place them in successive semesters (or quarters) in the curriculum, presumably in the senior year so students have as much computer science experience as possible prior to starting the graphics course. Unfortunately, at the Air Force Academy, such a sequence was not possible, forcing us to investigate the integration of the two courses during the same semester (second semester senior year). Our experience is that the two courses could not only be successfully integrated during the same semester, but that the student experience in each course benefited from the concepts being simultaneously presented in the complementary course. This paper will provide background on the two courses, describe our experience in teaching them simultaneously, and discuss our future plans for expanding the pilot program.
The Chinatown Syndrome

Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974) encodes a critique of certain habits of perception, habits it associates, by means of its focus, Jake Gittes, with the west and with men. It centers around forms of misprision. Jake misreads Evelyn Mulwray as femme fatale. He misidentifies Chinatown as symbolic space. In the course of unfolding its critique of Jake’s perceptual failings, Chinatown seeks to serve as tutorial for the viewer. It tries to teach us better how to read—by showing us, through negative example, how better to respond to others. Rather than learning from the film, Chinatown’s critics have tended to restage the very problems of perception the film takes as its subject—suggesting, by so doing, how entrenched (and dangerous) are these habits of perception, and how important it is to attend more closely to the film.
Predicting what we will like: Asking a stranger can be as good as asking a friend

When predicting how much they will like something they have not encountered before, people use three commonsense theories: It is better to have a description of the attitude object than to know how someone else felt about it (“I know better than others”), better to know how a friend felt about it than how a stranger felt (“birds of a feather”), and better to get advice from friends—how much they think we will like it—than to know how they felt about it (“my friends know me”). We present evidence that people endorse these lay theories but also that they overuse them. Sometimes people make better predictions by knowing how a stranger felt than by getting a description of the object, sometimes a stranger is as good as a friend, and sometimes advice is not any better than knowing how someone else felt.
Characteristic temperatures and entropies of some refractory thorium compounds

Characteristic temperatures for the compounds ThS, ThN, ThC0.91, ThP0.95, Th3P4, ThO2 and ThB6 were determined from X-ray diffraction measurements. The reduction of peak intensity with increasing temperature was measured from room temperature to 1000° C. The entropies of the compounds and the vibrational amplitudes of the atoms in the compounds were calculated from the data and are related to the results of other studies on these compounds.
Liver monoamine oxidase in normal and regeneratingDiemictylus viridescens

L'oxydase monoamine se trouve sous une forme active dans le foie d'un urodele adulte capable d'activite normale et regeneratrice. Au cours des deux premieres heures qui suivent l'amputation d'un membre anterieur, on peut noter une augmentation appreciable de l'activite de l'oxydase monoamine. Cette augmentation indique que la tension physiologique produite par l'amputation rend actifs dans le foie les precurseurs de l'oxydase monoamine qui peuvent, a leur tour, stimuler un metabolisme plus rapide et augmenter la quantite des catecholamines qui circulent.
Mental health and somatic symptom severity are associated with reduced physical activity among US Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.

Abstract Objective Ensuring that Iraq and Afghanistan veterans engage in adequate physical activity is essential to prevent metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and promote psychological well-being. Identifying factors associated with physical activity in this population will yield areas for targeted interventions aimed at increasing activity. Method Correlates of meeting physical activity recommendations (≥ 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) were examined in Iraq/Afghanistan veterans assessed at intake to VA Puget Sound Healthcare System's post-deployment health clinic (May, 2005–August, 2009; N = 266). Results The majority were male (94.3%) and Caucasian (70.7%), with an average age of 29.8 (SD = 7.3) years. Participants engaged in a median of 180 weekly MVPA minutes. Among those meeting (59%) and not meeting (41%) recommendations, median weekly MVPA minutes were 540 and 0, respectively. In multivariate regression models, higher levels of depression ( p = .042) and somatic ( p = .018) symptom severity were associated with significantly decreased odds of meeting physical activity recommendations. Conclusion Overall, physical activity engagement among Iraq/Afghanistan veteran VA patients was above the level specified in national recommendations. Those with higher depressive and somatic symptoms were less likely to meet physical activity recommendations and may benefit from targeted physical activity promotion interventions.
p53 IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF TUMOR RECURRENCE AND PROGRESSION AFTER NEPHRECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

ABSTRACT Purpose: We determined which clinical and molecular variables can predict cancer recurrence in patients following surgical management for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: From a custom kidney cancer tissue microarray containing tumors specimens from 350 patients 193 undergoing nephrectomy for localized RCC at our institution between 1989 and 2000 were identified. The array was then analyzed by immunohistochemistry for certain molecular markers, namely CA9, CA12, Ki67, gelsolin, p53, EpCAM, pTEN and vimentin. The medical records of these patients were then reviewed for age, sex, TNM stage, tumor size, nuclear grade, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, recurrence status and, when applicable, time to recurrence. Cox regression analyses were done to determine clinical and molecular predictors of time to tumor recurrence. Results: Of the patients 15% demonstrated evidence of tumor recurrence following nephrectomy (29 of 193). Univariate Cox regression demonstrated that tumor size, T stage, grade, ECOG performance status, Ki67, EpCAM and p53 were significantly associated with recurrence (p Conclusions: p53 is a significant molecular predictor of tumor recurrence, as identified in patients undergoing treatment for localized RCC.
Functional loading of bioceramic augmented alveolar ridge—A pilot study

Two mongrel adult dogs were used in this study. The mandible was edentulated unilaterally and then augmented with porous tribasic calcium phosphate ceramic. To determine the effects of a denture over the augmented site, a unilateral distal-extension removable partial denture was constructed and inserted. At the end of the 6-month period, clinical evaluation revealed a healthy residual alveolar ridge tissue with no inflammatory reaction due to the implant. Histologic examination confirmed the clinical findings. There was no inflammation, bone and soft tissue grew into the pores, and no bone resorption occurred. It is concluded therefore that porous tribasic calcium phosphate ceramic is a potential material for residual alveolar ridge augmentation.
Multiple virtual rafts: a multi-user paradigm for interacting with communities of autonomous characters

This paper describes a multi-user version of the "Virtual Raft Project" being exhibited in the Interactivity Program at CHI 2005. The Virtual Raft Project is an interactive installation in which communities of autonomous animated characters inhabit desktop "virtual islands." A human participant may transport the characters between the islands via a mobile device-based "virtual raft." This paper describes an implementation of a multi-user version of this project, in which several virtual rafts may be used simultaneously to carry characters among the islands. The multi-user experience improves on the single-user original in four ways: increased throughput, increased collaboration among the participants, increased enjoyment for the participants, and the introduction of a new mode of interaction (characters jumping directly from one raft to another). This paper also provides a preliminary evaluation of the entire system through observations from a deployment of the Virtual Raft Project to approximately two hundred people.
Ambient and indoor particulate aerosols generated by dairies in the southern High Plains.

Abstract The objectives were to quantify and size ambient aerosolized dust in and around the facilities of 4 southern High Plains dairies of New Mexico and to determine where health of workers might be vulnerable to particulate aerosols, based on aerosol concentrations that exceed national air quality standards. Ambient dust air samples were collected upwind (background) and downwind of 3 dairy location sites (loafing pen boundary, commodity, and compost field). The indoor milking parlor, a fourth site, was monitored immediately upwind and downwind. Aerosolized particulate samples were collected using high-volume sequential reference air samplers, laser aerosol monitors, and cyclone air samplers. The overall (main effects and estimable interactions) statistical general linear model statement for particulate matter (PM 10 ; particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 10 μm) and PM 2.5 resulted in a greater mean concentration of dust in the winter (PM 10 =97.4±4.4μg/m 3 ; PM 2.5 =32.6±2.6μg/m 3 ) compared with the summer (PM 10 =71.9±5.0μg/m 3 ; PM 2.5 =18.1±1.2μg/m 3 ). The upwind and downwind boundary PM 10 concentrations were significantly higher in the winter (upwind=64.3±9.5μg/m 3 ; downwind=119.8±13.0μg/m 3 ) compared with the summer (upwind=35.2±7.5μg/m 3 ; downwind=66.8±11.8μg/m 3 ). The milking parlor PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration data were significantly higher in the winter (PM 10 =119.5±5.8μg/m 3 ; PM 2.5 =55.3±5.8μg/m 3 ) compared with the summer (PM 10 =88.6.0±5.8μg/m 3 ; PM 2.5 =21.0±2.1μg/m 3 ). Personnel should be protected from high aerosol concentrations found at the commodity barn, compost field, and milking parlor during the winter.
Spatio-Temporal Data Fusion for 3D+T Image Reconstruction in Cerebral Angiography

This paper provides a framework for generating high resolution time sequences of 3D images that show the dynamics of cerebral blood flow. These sequences have the potential to allow image feedback during medical procedures that facilitate the detection and observation of pathological abnormalities such as stenoses, aneurysms, and blood clots. The 3D time series is constructed by fusing a single static 3D model with two time sequences of 2D projections of the same imaged region. The fusion process utilizes a variational approach that constrains the volumes to have both smoothly varying regions separated by edges and sparse regions of nonzero support. The variational problem is solved using a modified version of the Gauss-Seidel algorithm that exploits the spatio-temporal structure of the angiography problem. The 3D time series results are visualized using time series of isosurfaces, synthetic X-rays from arbitrary perspectives or poses, and 3D surfaces that show arrival times of the contrasted blood front using color coding. The derived visualizations provide physicians with a previously unavailable wealth of information that can lead to safer procedures, including quicker localization of flow altering abnormalities such as blood clots, and lower procedural X-ray exposure. Quantitative SNR and other performance analysis of the algorithm on computational phantom data are also presented.
Intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE:To describe current data evaluating the use of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with coronary heart disease.DATA SOURCES:A literature search using MEDLINE (1966–September 2004) was conducted using the search terms lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, coronary arteriosclerosis, and coronary disease to identify published trials comparing the effects of intensive and conventional lipid-lowering therapy.DATA SYNTHESIS:Intensive lipid-lowering therapy reduces LDL-C levels significantly more than conventional treatment and appears to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients who have recently experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, evidence suggesting clinical benefits in patients with stable coronary heart disease is currently lacking.CONCLUSIONS:Although data are limited, patients with ACS may benefit from intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Several studies are underway to determine the...
Problems of the division of irrigation in forecasting water‐supplies

The Chairman has announced that I am to discuss problems in forecasting irrigation water-supplies based upon snow-surveys. I will, however, discuss informally, and without a prepared presentation, the progress of our snow-survey and irrigation water-supply-forecasting program. As you know, the Appropriation Act of 1935 carried an item in the allotment to the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering to coordinate snow-surveying, to extend, and, where necessary, to locate and maintain snow-survey courses. As a result of that appropriation, there was undertaken in the fall of 1935 a program to coordinate snow-surveying and standardize equipment and methods, and a plan for the exchange of data. That the information might be exchanged, it was essential that the same equipment be used and the same methods of surveying followed in each of the States.
Project Imperion: New Semantics, Façade and Command Design Patterns for Swing

Project Imperion consists of a library of GUI elements that combine the command and facade design patterns to add new semantic meaning to some common Swing components. This simplifies the synthesis and maintenance of the code. It also shortens the code, while improving readability, speeding synthesis and easing maintenance. It also promotes better code organization, including the separation of business logic from GUI code and a logical grouping of the code along the same lines as its GUI’s appearance. Started in the late ‘90’s, in the DocJava, Inc. Skunkworks, the Imperion project was meant only for menu items using AWT, targeting the single application of image processing programs. It has since been reworked and extended to support the use of 16 Swing components with built-in keyboard shortcuts. The Imperion project was named for the Latin root, imperium, meaning the power to command.
Ceramide is a cardiotoxin in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy

Ceramide is among a number of potential lipotoxic molecules that are thought to modulate cellular energy metabolism. The heart is one of the tissues thought to become dysfunctional due to excess lipid accumulation. Dilated lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, thought to be the result of diabetes and severe obesity, has been modeled in several genetically altered mice, including animals with cardiac-specific overexpression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored human lipoprotein lipase (LpLGPI). To test whether excess ceramide was implicated in cardiac lipotoxicity, de novo ceramide biosynthesis was inhibited pharmacologically by myriocin and genetically by heterozygous deletion of LCB1, a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Inhibition of SPT, a rate-limiting enzyme in ceramide biosynthesis, reduced fatty acid and increased glucose oxidation in isolated perfused LpLGPI hearts, improved systolic function, and prolonged survival rates. Our results suggest a critical role for ceramide accumulation in the pathogenesis of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
Anatomy and Terminology for the Interpretation and Reporting of Cardiac MDCT: Part 2, CT Angiography, Cardiac Function Assessment, and Noncoronary and Extracardiac Findings

OBJECTIVE. In this part 2 of our two-part article, we aim to describe the evaluation and interpretation of coronary CTA, cardiac structures, and cardiac functional assessment using an approach similar to the reporting of catheter angiography and echocardiography.CONCLUSION. The superb resolution and the isotropic image data acquisition of ECG-gated coronary CT angiography (CTA) enable evaluation of the coronary arteries and cardiac anatomy in any selected plane. The consistent use of standard terminology when reporting cardiac CT findings is part of a structured and comprehensive coronary CTA report.
Management of common-mode currents in semiconductor ATE

Achieving the cost benefit of system integration without penalizing instrument performance requires careful attention to integration details. Instrument power management functions produce currents that are identified as a limit to the test system's noise floor. DC-DC converter data and a SPICE analysis of common test system architecture justify a more complete methodology for qualifying instrument performance and a system standard is proposed. Measurements from a physical mockup validate the modeling. Common-mode current modeling and simulation can be used in instrumentation development to anticipate performance prior to laboratory validation.
A dedicated data flow architecture for hardware compilation

A dedicated data-flow architecture that has been designed to be a part of a hardware compiler is described. This machine evaluates attribute grammars in a data-flow fashion by accepting their reverse-dependency graph, which is similar to a data-flow graph. The outputs and the results of these evaluations are sent to the other components for later use. The machine is believed to be the first dedicated data-flow architecture suggested for this purpose. It takes advantage of parallelism at two levels: first, the components of the machine are organized in a pipeline fashion and can run concurrently; second, the execution of the instructions is done in parallel as well. >
Probing the catalytic mechanism of the insulin receptor kinase with a tetrafluorotyrosine-containing peptide substrate.

The interaction of a synthetic tetrafluorotyrosyl peptide substrate with the activated tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor was studied by steady-state kinetics and x-ray crystallography. The pH-rate profiles indicate that the neutral phenol, rather than the chemically more reactive phenoxide ion, is required for enzyme-catalyzed phosphorylation. The p Ka of the tetrafluorotyrosyl hydroxyl is elevated 2 pH units on the enzyme compared with solution, whereas the phenoxide anion species behaves as a weak competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase. A structure of the binary enzyme-substrate complex shows the tetrafluorotyrosyl OH group at hydrogen bonding distances from the side chains of Asp1132 and Arg1136, consistent with elevation of the p Ka . These findings strongly support a reaction mechanism favoring a dissociative transition state.