cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Climatic impact of alternative energy sources

Abstract Detailed evaluations have suggested that the order of magnitude of energy demand 50 yr from the present will be 25–40 TW compared with about 8 TW at the present day. Three energy supply sources could be developed on a large enough scale to satisfy a demand of this magnitude: solar and nuclear energy and fossil fuels. The potential climate impact of the large-scale deployment of solar energy conversion systems has not been evaluated in detail. Solar thermal electric conversion systems could impact climate through large-scale changes in the energy balance at the earth's surface, in the surface roughness and in the surface wetness. Photovoltaic conversions could impact climate by acting as a local heat source. Ocean thermal electric conversion systems would have their main impact through changes in ocean surface temperature, but could also interfere with major ocean currents and have an impact through release of CO 2 into the atmosphere or albedo changes, for example. The cultivation of plants for biomass conversion systems could influence climate through causing large-scale changes in the surface characteristics. The biomass conversion could also impact climate through releases of gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere. Through the use of climate models and observational studies, these impacts should be studied in more detail. In the meantime, the climate constraint should be kept in mind during the development of energy policy and the policies should be kept flexible at the present time until some of the uncertainties about the climate system have been resolved.
Tunable metamaterial binary nano-particle dispersed liquid crystal cells

Metamaterials with tunable properties are of great importance due to potential applications in super-resolution lensing and sensors. In this paper we study the feasibility of the fabrication of a metamaterial using binary nanoparticle-dispersed liquid crystal cell (NDLCC). Depending on the angle between the director axis of the LCC and the incident beam, types, radii, and volume filling fractions of the nanoparticles, a negative index of refraction cell is obtained in a certain range of frequencies. The effective index of refraction is calculated using the effective medium theory. The scattering, extinction, and absorption of such a NDLCC cell is also found. Finally, the influence of the various parameters to obtain such a negative index metamaterial has been investigated.
Piecing the puzzle together: a revisit to transcript reconstruction problem in RNA-seq

The advancement of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has provided an unprecedented opportunity to assess both the diversity and quantity of transcript isoforms in an mRNA transcriptome. In this paper, we revisit the computational problem of transcript reconstruction and quantification. Unlike existing methods which focus on how to explain the exons and splice variants detected by the reads with a set of isoforms, we aim at reconstructing transcripts by piecing the reads into individual effective transcript copies. Simultaneously, the quantity of each isoform is explicitly measured by the number of assembled effective copies, instead of estimated solely based on the collective read count. We have developed a novel method named Astroid that solves the problem of effective copy reconstruction on the basis of a flow network. The RNA-seq reads are represented as vertices in the flow network and are connected by weighted edges that evaluate the likelihood of two reads originating from the same effective copy. A maximum likelihood set of transcript copies is then reconstructed by solving a minimum-cost flow problem on the flow network. Simulation studies on the human transcriptome have demonstrated the superior sensitivity and specificity of Astroid in transcript reconstruction as well as improved accuracy in transcript quantification over several existing approaches. The application of Astroid on two real RNA-seq datasets has further demonstrated its accuracy through high correlation between the estimated isoform abundance and the qRT-PCR validations.
Characterization of Micro-Structured Ferrite Materials: Coarse and Fine Barium, and Photoresist Composites

Coarse and fine anisotropic hexagonal barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) powders and their composites with photoresist were prepared and characterized for high frequency microelectronic applications. Partially filled rectangular microwave ferrite structures were printed on silicon wafer by spin-casting technique from the negative photo resist composites. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to characterize the surface morphology of the coarse and fine barium ferrite powders. Quasi-optical millimeter wave spectroscopy was used to measure the transmittance spectra of the ferrites and their photoresist composites in millimeter wave frequency range from 35 GHz to 75 GHz. The ferromagnetic resonance and absorption of powders and photoresist composites are investigated. Fine barium powder exhibits lower ferromagnetic resonant frequency than coarse barium powder due to the smaller particle size. But the photoresist composite of the fine barium shows same ferromagnetic resonance as the coarse powder photoresist composite.
The Role and Measurement of Attachment in Consumer Behavior

Abstract Of recent interest in consumer behavior research is the consumer's use of owned possessions to develop and maintain self-concept. This study presents a measure of a central concept in this area–attachment. A conceptual definition of the construct is proposed and is related to social-cognitive theories of the self. The role of attachment in the relationship between people and possessions is discussed. Evidence is presented for the reliability and predictive validity of a simple measure of attachment and for the discriminant validity of the construct. Relationships between attachment and other important consumer behavior constructs are explored.
Prolonged Bed Rest as Adjuvant Therapy After Complex Reconstructive Spine Surgery

Background The benefits of postoperative mobilization include decreased incidence of pulmonary complications, pressure ulcers, and progression of deep vein thrombosis. However, the complexity of certain spinal reconstructions and the patient’s physiologic condition may preclude the possibility of early mobilization. Prolonged bed rest after spine surgery is controversial.
The fundamental internet tax debate

The growing debate on taxing e‐commerce underscores the need to fundamentally overhaul our tax system. The solution? Shifting to a comprehensive “top‐down” consumption tax would reduce complexity, ...
Optimization of DNA vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The present studies were designed to examine the requirements of dose, route of inoculation and constituent antigens for the maintenance of complete and long lasting protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major conferred by a cocktail DNA vaccine encoding the Leishmania antigens LACK, LmST11 and TSA. Vaccination of C57Bl/6 mice with LACK DNA alone resulted in partial protection, whereas the combination of LmST11 and TSA provided stronger, though still incomplete protection compared to the combination of all three Ag DNAs. When intradermal (i.d), intramuscular (i.m.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination routes were compared, i.d. immunization reduced by five-fold the dose necessary to maintain complete protection. In vivo depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells provided direct evidence that both populations are necessary to mediate complete protection. These results establish intradermal vaccination using DNA encoding multiple Leishmania antigens as a way to optimize priming of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells necessary for potent and durable protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Parasitism and symbiosis in an N-person non-constant-sum continuous game

A non-constant-sum continuous game analyzed in a previous paper by one of the authors (A. Rapoport,Bull. Math. Biophysics,18, 15–30, 1956) is extended from two toN players with special emphasis onN=3. It is shown that the concept of stability becomes in this case one of “pairwise stability,” and depends on the so-called distribution matrix of rewards. The distribution matrix and the collusion structure jointly determine the end states of the game. Conditions which lead to the emergence of one, two, or no “parasites” are derived. An apparatus is described which provides a physical analogue of the game, making possible the isolation of behavioral variables under the prescribed conditions of the game.
Rhabdomyolysis as the presenting manifestation of calciphylaxis.

A 43-year-old woman was admitted with progressive leg pains and weakness and was found to have rhabdomyolysis. Prior to this admission the patient had hypercalcemia, but this returned to normal following treatment with calcitonin. During the hospitalization, she developed the syndrome of calciphylaxis consisting of necrotic skin and muscle associated with vascular calcification. This is the first case report of rhabdomyolysis caused by calciphylaxis in a patient without chronic renal failure.
Exploring multi-dimensional data on mobile devices with single hand motion and orientation gestures

ScatterDice Mobile (SDM) is a novel visualization system that leverages embodied motion and orientation gestures for intuitive and effective exploration of multi-dimensional data on mobile devices. Inspired by Elmqivist et al's recent work, SDM uses the gyroscope sensor available on mobile devices to establish an orientation aware "dice rolling" metaphor for browsing scatterplot matrix visualizations mapped to a cube on mainstream mobile devices without any hardware modification. SDM has the potential for applications that require prompt access and exploration of large scale, multi-dimensional data on mobile devices anytime, anywhere.
Characterization and optimization of infrared-imager detector response for long-path research

Many commercially available infrared imagers utilizing mercury-cadmium-telluride scanning detectors are not optimized for long pathlength atmospheric research. At imaging ranges of 1 or more kilometers, path radiance due to emissions from atmospheric constituents such as H20 and CO2 can be a significant contributor to a poor signal to noise ratio. Through proper doping of the detector and cold finger filtering, there is an increase in the magnitude of the propagated, system weighted target radiance and a much more favorable ratio of propagated target to path radiance which directly affects the image quality. Thus, it is necessary when optimizing an imaging system to consider both atmospheric path radiance and detector response. This paper presents a methodology which has resulted in a computer program which provides such optimizations. A first generation modification has been developed at the Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory and preliminary results show an enhancement of target to background apparent temperature or delta T in the 8 to 12 micron region. In the 3 to 5 micron region, it was readily apparent that the modification did not achieve the desired results (especially during winter weather conditions). In order to provide a solution to this problem, a technique was developed to characterize the detector response without the necessity of its removal from the system.
Lactose‐ derived surfactants(III): Fatty esters of oxyalkylated lactito

Lactitol was oxyalkylated with propylene or ethylene oxide. The resulting ether-alcohols were transesterified with a series of fatty acid esters in order to produce long chain ether-esters of lactitol. These compounds were found to be more water soluble than related lactitol derivatives prepared by transesterification prior to oxyalkylation. Improved lime soap dispersant requirements (LSDR) and emulsification times were obtained from the new derivatives.
Hydrolysis of Naptalam and Structurally Related Amides: Inhibition by Dissolved Metal Ions and Metal (Hydr)Oxide Surfaces

In metal ion-free solutions, the secondary amide naptalam hydrolyzes more rapidly as the pH is decreased; intramolecular nucleophilic attack by a carboxylate side group is very likely involved. Millimolar levels of dissolved CuII and ZnII inhibit hydrolysis between pH 3.6 and pH 6.5. Metal ion−naptalam complex formation is important since addition of the competitive ligand citrate lessens the inhibitory effect. The metal (hydr)oxide surfaces Al2O3 and FeOOH inhibit naptalam hydrolysis to a lesser degree; inhibition is proportional to the extent of naptalam adsorbed. Secondary amides (propanil, salicylanilide, and N-1-naphthylacetamide) and tertiary amides (N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide, furalaxyl, and N,N-diethylsalicylamide) that lack carboxylate side groups do not hydrolyze within 45 days of reaction, even when millimolar CuII concentrations are present. Tertiary amides possessing carboxylate side groups (N,N-diethyl-3,6-difluorophthalamic acid and N,N-dimethylsuccinamic acid) do hydrolyze but are inse...
Effective actions and large-$N$ limits

The saddlepoint action for a large-N theory is given as an effective action for composite operators. This effective action is computed explicitly forO(N) models and as a series in large-N invariants for matrix models. In the latter case, the use of the first term of the series is found to give good numerical agreement with the exact solutions of the solvable models.
Ca2+/Calcineurin-Dependent Inactivation of Neuronal L-Type Ca2+ Channels Requires Priming by AKAP-Anchored Protein Kinase A

Summary Within neurons, Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation (CDI) of voltage-gated L-type Ca 2+ channels shapes cytoplasmic Ca 2+ signals. CDI is initiated by Ca 2+ binding to channel-associated calmodulin and subsequent Ca 2+ /calmodulin activation of the Ca 2+ -dependent phosphatase, calcineurin (CaN), which is targeted to L channels by the A-kinase-anchoring protein AKAP79/150. Here, we report that CDI of neuronal L channels was abolished by inhibition of PKA activity or PKA anchoring to AKAP79/150 and that CDI was also suppressed by stimulation of PKA activity. Although CDI was reduced by positive or negative manipulation of PKA, interference with PKA anchoring or activity lowered Ca 2+ current density whereas stimulation of PKA activity elevated it. In contrast, inhibition of CaN reduced CDI but had no effect on current density. These results suggest a model wherein PKA-dependent phosphorylation enhances neuronal L current, thereby priming channels to undergo CDI, and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-activated CaN actuates CDI by reversing PKA-mediated enhancement of channel activity.
Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 the molecular switch that governs urokinase receptor-mediated cell adhesion and release?

Induction of the urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) promotes cell adhesion through its interaction with vitronectin (VN) in the extracellular matrix, and facilitates cell migration and invasion by localizing uPA to the cell surface. We provide evidence that this balance between cell adhesion and cell detachment is governed by PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). First, we demonstrate that uPAR and PAI-1 bind to the same site in VN (i.e., the amino-terminal somatomedin B domain; SMB), and that PAI-1 competes with uPAR for binding to SMB. Domain swapping and mutagenesis studies indicate that the uPAR-binding sequence is located within the central region of the SMB domain, a region previously shown to contain the PAI-1-binding motif. Second, we show that PAI-1 dissociates bound VN from uPAR and detaches U937 cells from their VN substratum. This PAI-1 mediated release of cells from VN appears to occur independently of its ability to function as a protease inhibitor, and may help to explain why high PAI-1 levels indicate a poor prognosis for many cancers. Finally, we show that uPA can rapidly reverse this effect of PAI-1. Taken together, these results suggest a dynamic regulatory role for PAI-1 and uPA in uPAR-mediated cell adhesion and release.
Time To Know Them: A Longitudinal Study of Writing and Learning at the College Level

Contents: Introduction. Studying Writing and Learning from a True Longitudinal Perspective. Developing Metacognitive Awareness of the Relationship Between Writing and Learning. Effect of Complex Social Histories on Academic Performance. Writing Demands in Relation to Composition Instruction. Institutional Testing. Instructional Settings. Case Studies. Implications for Instruction and Research. Appendices: Study Methodology and Questionnaires. Writing Skills Assessment Test Evaluation Scale (WAT).
A Modeling Layer for Constraint-Programming Libraries

Mathematical-modeling and constraint-programming languages have orthogonal strengths in stating combinatorial optimization problems. Modeling languages typically feature high-level set and algebraic notations, while constraint-programming languages provide a rich constraint language and the ability to specify search procedures. This paper shows that many of the functionalities typically found in modeling languages can be integrated elegantly in constraint-programming libraries without defining a specific language or preprocessor. In particular, it presents the design of MODELER, a C++ modeling layer for constraint programming which demonstrates how to enhance the expressiveness of constraint-programming libraries and to bridge much of the gap between libraries and modeling languages.
Reconceptualizing Prevention of Violence Against Women on College Campuses Response to Victoria Banyard’s Actualizing the Potential of Primary Prevention: A Research Agenda

Research is clear that violence against college women is a problem that warrants alternative prevention approaches to addressing and reducing its prevalence and creating safer campuses for women and men. Banyard's presentation gave us food for thought as we consider what such novel approaches may look like. New and innovative approaches that are multifaceted, comprehensive, and informed by theory are key. The ecological model can inform our understanding of the issue, the risk and protective factors associated, and the design and implementation of prevention efforts. It is critically important to engage college students in these efforts to create interventions that are culturally appropriate for college students. We must also meet students where they are, utilizing social marketing campaigns and capitalizing on social media and the use of communication technologies. Together, such efforts will facilitate our ultimate goal of reducing, if not eliminating, violence against women on college campuses.
Needs of Parents of Children Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Little is known about children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) with a coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of our study was to understand the needs of children who are D/HH with coexisting ASD. We posed questions for group discussion about diagnostic process, impact of dual diagnosis on communication, and helpful resources. Four parents of three children participated. Challenges in the diagnostic process included the challenges in the appropriateness of the evaluation tools and the limited expertise of the professionals performing the evaluations. Broad-based special educational settings were perceived as helpful. Families described a range of broad-based communication strategies (spoken, sign, and written language, augmentative communication approaches). Families prioritized a focus on behavior and day-to-day functioning over academic performance. Families recognized the lack of professionals who understand ASD and deafness but have found the internet and technology as a mechanism to connect to information and families with similar needs.
Indefinite-horizon POMDPs with action-based termination

For decision-theoretic planning problems with an indefinite horizon, plan execution terminates after a finite number of steps with probability one, but the number of steps until termination (i.e., the horizon) is uncertain and unbounded. In the traditional approach to modeling such problems, called a stochastic shortest-path problem, plan execution terminates when a particular state is reached, typically a goal state. We consider a model in which plan execution terminates when a stopping action is taken. We show that an action-based model of termination has several advantages for partially observable planning problems. It does not require a goal state to be fully observable; it does not require achievement of a goal state to be guaranteed; and it allows a proper policy to be found more easily. This framework allows many partially observable planning problems to be modeled in a more realistic way that does not require an artificial discount factor.
A SIMPLE FORMULA FOR ATTENUATION OF EDDY FLUXES MEASURED WITH FIRST-ORDER-RESPONSE SCALAR SENSORS

A simple formula, (1 + (2πfmτc)α)-1,is proposed to estimate the attenuation of a scalar flux measurement made by eddy-correlation using a fast-response anemometer and a linear, first-order-response scalar sensor with a characteristic time constant τc.In this formula, α=7/8 for neutral and unstable stratification within the surface-flux layer and α=1 both within the convective boundary layer (CBL) and for stable stratification in the surface layer.fm is the frequency of the peak of the logarithmic cospectrum and can be estimated from fm = nm ū/z, where z is the measurement height and ū is thewind speed at that height. The dimensionless frequency at the cospectral maximum nm is estimated here from observations of its behavioras a function of atmospheric stability, z/L within the surface layeror z/zi within the CBL, where L is the Obukhov stability length and zi is the depth of the CBL. The predicted dependence of flux attenuation on measurement height is discussed.
Design methodology for synthesizing clock distribution networks exploiting nonzero localized clock skew

An integrated top-down design methodology is presented in this brief for synthesizing high performance clock distribution networks based on application dependent localized clock skew. The methodology is divided into four phases: (1) determining an optimal clock skew schedule composed of a set of nonzero clock skew values and the related minimum clock path delays; (2) designing the topology of the clock distribution network with delays assigned to each branch based on the circuit hierarchy, the aforementioned clock skew schedule, and minimizing process and environmental delay variations; (3) designing circuit structures to emulate the delay values assigned to the individual branches of the clock tree; and (4) designing the physical layout of the clock distribution network. The clock distribution network synthesis methodology is based on CMOS technology. The clock lines are transformed from distributed resistive capacitive interconnect lines into purely capacitive interconnect lines by partitioning the RC interconnect lines with inverting repeaters. Variations in process parameters are considered during the circuit design of the clock distribution network to guarantee a race-free circuit. Nominal errors of less than 2.5% for the delay of the clock paths and 7% for the clock skew between any two registers belonging to the same global data path as compared with SPICE Level-3 are demonstrated.
An asymptotically convex approach to discriminative coding

We introduce a novel methodology for calculating discriminative codes for different classes of vectors with respect to the same dictionary. This is accomplished by introducing and quantifying the concept of ‘mutual exclusivity’ between two classes of vectors (endowed possibly with different probabilistic structures) in a manner amenable to convex programming. We study theoretical properties of our mutual exclusivity operator and experimentally demonstrate its capability in generating effective discriminative codes that successfully incorporate both intra-class and inter-class characteristics. We conclude with a brief discussion of a generalization our mutual exclusivity operator to handle arbitrary number of classes, together with future directions emanating from this work.
The Effect of Pulmonary Surface- Active Material on the Generation and Expression of Murine B- and T-Lymphocyte Effector Functions in Vitro

We demonstrated previously that surface-active material potently suppresses early proliferative responses of lymphocytes to a wide variety of immune stimuli in vitro. It is now evident that in vivo, effector B and T lymphocytes can be recruited into lung parenchyma subsequent to their generation in extrapulmonary lymphoid tissues. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of surface-active material on proliferation, differentiation, and expression of effector functions of cytotoxic T cells and antibody-forming B cells in vitro in order to gain insight into the potential immune regulatory role of surface-active material in vivo. Normal spleen lymphocytes were cultured in vitro for 5 days with either allogeneic lymphocytes to generate cytotoxic T cells or with sheep erythrocytes to generate antibody-forming B cells. Surface-active material was added at various intervals after the cultures were initiated, and the effects of such additions on the subsequent proliferation, differentiation, an...
Thalamocortical Connections of Parietal Somatosensory Cortical Fields in Macaque Monkeys are Highly Divergent and Convergent

We examined the organization and cortical projections of the somatosensory thalamus using multiunit microelectrode recording techniques in anesthetized monkeys combined with neuroanatomical tracings techniques and architectonic analysis. Different portions of the hand representation in area 3b were injected with different anatomical tracers in the same animal, or matched body part representations in parietal areas 3a, 3b, 1, 2, and areas 2 and 5 were injected with different anatomical tracers in the same animal to directly compare their thalamocortical connections. We found that the somatosensory thalamus is composed of several representations of cutaneous and deep receptors of the contralateral body. These nuclei include the ventral posterior nucleus, the ventral posterior superior nucleus, the ventral posterior inferior nucleus, and the ventral lateral nucleus. Each nucleus projects to several different cortical fields, and each cortical field receives projections from multiple thalamic nuclei. In contrast to other sensory systems, each of these somatosensory cortical fields is uniquely innervated by multiple thalamic nuclei. These data indicate that multiple inputs are processed simultaneously within and across several, “hierarchically connected” cortical fields.
Accurate and rapid docking of protein–protein complexes on the basis of intermolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement data and dipolar couplings by rigid body minimization

A simple and rapid method is presented for solving the three-dimensional structures of protein–protein complexes in solution on the basis of experimental NMR restraints that provide the requisite translational (i.e., intermolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement, NOE, data) and orientational (i.e., backbone 1H-15N dipolar couplings and intermolecular NOEs) information. Providing high-resolution structures of the proteins in the unbound state are available and no significant backbone conformational changes occur upon complexation (which can readily be assessed by analysis of dipolar couplings measured on the complex), accurate and rapid docking of the two proteins can be achieved. The method, which is demonstrated for the 40-kDa complex of enzyme I and the histidine phosphocarrier protein, involves the application of rigid body minimization using a target function comprising only three terms, namely experimental NOE-derived intermolecular interproton distance and dipolar coupling restraints, and a simple intermolecular van der Waals repulsion potential. This approach promises to dramatically reduce the amount of time and effort required to solve the structures of protein–protein complexes by NMR, and to extend the capabilities of NMR to larger protein–protein complexes, possibly up to molecular masses of 100 kDa or more.
Hedge your budget risk through service increases

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a case at the University of St Francis (USF), where common fears and, in some cases, harsh realities of library budget reductions can be strategically allayed or altogether avoided through creativity, changes in motivation and implementation of redesigns in organizational work flows and tasks.Design/methodology/approach – The USF Library shifted focus away from a reactionary stance against pending budget cuts toward a proactive strategy in order to circumvent anticipated reductions in funding for library operations and staff.Findings – Changes in attitudinal and service posturing created an environment that allowed the USF to show itself as a more essential function of its university as a whole. The changes suggested in this paper add more workload to USF existing library functions, but also add more interested stakeholders.Originality/value – This paper offers insight and direction to practitioners looking to investigate the feasibility of selectively in...
Collective thermal fluctuations in nominally "independent" granular recording media: application to thermal decay

We present initial results of a study of a system of fine magnetic grains with resonance interactions. For the case of magnetostatic and exchange interactions a general criterion for collective magnetization motion of a pair of grains is derived. Simulations demonstrate a dynamic cluster structure in both longitudinal and perpendicular recording media. These clusters may significantly reduce thermal degradation of recorded patterns. An indirect interaction between grains through an antiferromagnetic substrate is also discussed.
Photochemical ring-opening and ground state relaxation in α-terpinene with comparison to provitamin D3.

Ultrafast broadband UV–visible transient absorption spectroscopy is used to characterize the photochemistry of α-terpinene, a 1,4-disubstituted-1,3-cyclohexadiene natural product. These results are...
Regional Assessment of Aspen Change and Spatial Variability on Decadal Time Scales

Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is commonly believed to be declining throughout western North America. Using a historical vegetation map and Landsat TM5 imagery, this study detects changes in regional aspen cover over two different time periods of 85 and 18 years and examines aspen change patterns with biophysical variables in the Targhee National Forest of eastern Idaho, USA. A subpixel classification approach was successfully used to classify aspen. The results indicate greater spatial variability in regional aspen change patterns than indicated by local-scale studies. The observed spatial variability appears to be an inherent pattern in regional aspen dynamics, which interacts with biophysical variables, but persists over time.
Role of oxygen consumption in hypoxia protection by translation factor depletion

The reduction of protein synthesis has been associated with resistance to hypoxic cell death. Which components of the translation machinery control hypoxic sensitivity and the precise mechanism has not been systematically investigated, although a reduction in oxygen consumption has been widely assumed to be the mechanism. Using genetic reagents in Caenorhabditis elegans , we examined the effect on organismal survival after hypoxia of knockdown of 10 factors functioning at the three principal steps in translation. Reduction-of-function of all 10 translation factors significantly increased hypoxic survival to varying degrees, not fully accounted for by the level of translational suppression. Measurement of oxygen consumption showed that strong hypoxia resistance was possible without a significant decrease in oxygen consumption. Hypoxic sensitivity had no correlation with lifespan or reactive oxygen species sensitivity, two phenotypes associated with reduced translation. Resistance to tunicamycin, which produces misfolded protein toxicity, was the only phenotype that significantly correlated with hypoxic sensitivity. Translation factor knockdown was also hypoxia protective for mouse primary neurons. These data show that translation factor knockdown is hypoxia protective in both C. elegans and mouse neurons and that oxygen consumption does not necessarily determine survival; rather, mitigation of misfolded protein toxicity is more strongly associated with hypoxic protection.
The impact of open radical retropubic prostatectomy on continence and lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective assessment using validated self-administered outcome instruments.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined the impact of radical retropubic prostatectomy on continence and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Materials and Methods: Between October 2000 and August 2002, 500 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy by a single surgeon, and completed the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index and American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after radical prostatectomy. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predisposing the early return of continence.Results: A total of 100%, 98.3%, 97.1%, 94.2% and 98.6% of patients filled out the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index and AUA symptom index at baseline, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Based on protective pad requirement or frequency of incontinence 100%, 90.9%, 87.2%, 92.1% and 98.5% vs 98.8%, 80.6%, 91.2%, 95.2% and 98.5% of men were continent at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, respectively. Age, severity of lower urinary tra...
Mandibular molar with merging mesiobuccal and distal root canals

A lower 2nd molar with an anomalous root canal anatomy is described. The floor of the pulp chamber showed the usual anatomic configuration with 2 mesial and 1 distal canal orifices. The mesiolingual canal had a normal course. However, the mesiobuccal and the distal canals merged to form 1 single canal in the apical 3 mm of the root.
Masked Hypertension and White-Coat Hypertension: Therapeutic Navigation Between Scylla and Charybdis⁎

Blood pressure (BP) is a very labile hemodynamic parameter; it varies from heartbeat to heartbeat, from morning to evening, from winter to summer, from sleeping to awake, and from sitting to standing ([1][1]). The same holds true for any other cardiovascular hemodynamic parameter such as heart rate
Optical revivals in nonuniform supersymmetric photonic arrays.

We investigate the problem of wavepacket revivals in coupled nonuniform linear optical structures. Starting from the photonic Bloch lattices and Jx arrays, whose propagators are fully periodic, we use cascaded discrete supersymmetric transformations to generate a family of nonuniform isospectral lattices. These new structures exhibit perfect imaging for any initial condition despite the apparent lack of order in their physical parameters. We note, however. that the SUSY-induced disordered coefficients are not random but, rather, inherit some of the features associated with the original array.
Using N-gram and Word Network Features for Native Language Identification

We report on the performance of two different feature sets in the Native Language Identification Shared Task (Tetreault et al., 2013). Our feature sets were inspired by existing literature on native language identification and word networks. Experiments show that word networks have competitive performance against the baseline feature set, which is a promising result. We also present a discussion of feature analysis based on information gain, and an overview on the performance of different word network features in the Native Language Identification task.
Numerical optimization method for HJI equations derived from robust receding horizon control schemes and controller design

This paper addresses how to numerically solve the Hamilton-Jacobin-Isaac (HJI) equations derived from the robust receding horizon control schemes. The developed numerical method, the finite difference scheme with sigmoidal transformation, is a stable and convergent algorithm for HJI equations. A boundary value iteration procedure is developed to increase the calculation accuracy with less time consumption. The obtained value function can be applied to the robust receding horizon controller design of some kind of uncertain nonlinear systems. In the controller design, the finite time horizon is extended into the infinite time horizon and the controller can be implemented in real time. It can avoid the on-line repeated optimization and the dependence on the feasibility of the initial state which are encountered in the traditional robust receding horizon control schemes.
The Relationship Between Corporate International Diversification and Firm Value: An Empirical Inquiry

The increasing relevance of foreign operations has led to accounting regulation decisions, which in turn, provide significant changes in MNCs accounting and reporting practices. Specifically, FASB (1997) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 131 to increase the profile of geographic segment disclosure. This study provides evidence on whether international diversification, as measured by foreign assets of U.S. firms is associated with market value of common equity. The paper finds evidence of market valuation of foreign assets that is consistent with theoretical expectations and robust to different approaches and specifications. Consistent with Errunza and Senbet (1984), I find that international diversification is significantly correlated with firm value, suggesting that firms that internationalize are rewarded with high equity value. The multivariate tests indicate the average annual value of a firm with foreign operations is 2.6% higher than firms without foreign assets. In firm-size comparison, I report that large firms experience significantly greater price responses than small firms. This finding is consistent with differential risk hypothesis in Easton and Zmijewski (1989) and Collins and Kothari (1989) but inconsistent with differential information hypothesis of Atiase (1985). In a comparison of U.S. domestic and foreign assets, the analysis indicates that investors' valuation of assets depends on the operating environment in which the firm is operating. That is, there is cross-sectional valuation differences arising from the market assessment of the probability of recovery of assets located in different jurisdictions.
Porphyrin dyes on TiO2 surfaces with different orientations: a photophysical, photovoltaic, and theoretical investigation.

Porphyrin dyes with a triphenylamino group as an electron donor, para- or meta-benzoic acids as electron acceptors, and hydrogen (H) or mesityl (M) substituents on the meso position as auxiliary groups were synthesized. Their photophysical properties and photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated. All four porphyrins exhibited similar photophysical properties in the solution and dye-loading densities on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles; however, the p-benzoic acid functionalized porphyrins, p-H(M)PZn, gave better photovoltaic performance than m-benzoic acid functionalized porphyrins, m-H(M)PZn. Theoretical calculations indicated that the electron density on the frontier molecular orbital was more delocalized to p-benzoic acid than to m-benzoic acid. Absorption spectra indicated the stronger H-aggregation in m-H(M)PZn than that in p-H(M)PZn on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. The mesityl groups in the meso positions reduced the dye-loading density due to steric hindrance be...
Multiplexed Sequence Encoding: A Framework for DNA Communication.

Synthetic DNA has great propensity for efficiently and stably storing non-biological information. With DNA writing and reading technologies rapidly advancing, new applications for synthetic DNA are emerging in data storage and communication. Traditionally, DNA communication has focused on the encoding and transfer of complete sets of information. Here, we explore the use of DNA for the communication of short messages that are fragmented across multiple distinct DNA molecules. We identified three pivotal points in a communication—data encoding, data transfer & data extraction—and developed novel tools to enable communication via molecules of DNA. To address data encoding, we designed DNA-based individualized keyboards (iKeys) to convert plaintext into DNA, while reducing the occurrence of DNA homopolymers to improve synthesis and sequencing processes. To address data transfer, we implemented a secret-sharing system—Multiplexed Sequence Encoding (MuSE)—that conceals messages between multiple distinct DNA molecules, requiring a combination key to reveal messages. To address data extraction, we achieved the first instance of chromatogram patterning through multiplexed sequencing, thereby enabling a new method for data extraction. We envision these approaches will enable more widespread communication of information via DNA.
Carbon Nanotube Based Humidity Sensor on Cellulose Paper

A humidity sensor on cellulose paper is demonstrated using single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic acid. The conductance shift of the nanotube network entangled on the microfibril cellulose is utilized for the humidity sensing. Compared to the control sensor made on a glass substrate, the cellulose-mediated charge transport on the paper substrate enhances the sensitivity. The sensor response exhibits linear behavior up to a relative humidity of 75% with good repeatability and low hysteresis. A simple circuit model is used to explain the sensor results. This approach is a step toward future paper electronics for low-cost disposable applications.
Investigation of Hepatitis B Vaccination and Its Effectiveness in 759 Children

Objective To explore the social factors which influence the effectiveness of HBV vaccine in the nature group of children,and to evaluate the effectiveness of the immunization.Methods Questionnaire investigation was conducted in the nature group of children by stratified cluster sampling method.Serological markers of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection were detected by ELISA.The related data were statistically analyzed with SPSS16.0 software.Results Children's HBV vaccination rate was influenced by different fetal times.The positive rate of HBsAg was lower in on-time inoculated group than that in non-on-time inoculated group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).No matter in the county or in the countryside,the positive rate of HBsAg was higher in the migrant children than that in the permanent children(P0.05).Conclusions Children's inoculation rate of HBV vaccine can be influenced by the social factors.The inoculation rate of countryside children is generally lower than that of the children in the county,and the positive rate of HBsAg in the permanent children is lower than that of the floating children.Children's inoculation rate of HBV vaccine can be increased through controlling the correlated factors during the inoculation course.
Computationally Efficient Assessments of the Effects of Radiative Transfer, Turbulence Radiation Interactions, and Finite Rate Chemistry in the Mach 20 Reentry F Flight Vehicle

Effects of finite rate chemistry, radiative heat transfer, and turbulence radiation interactions (TRI) are assessed in a fully coupled manner in simulations of the Mach 20 Reentry F flight vehicle. Add-on functions were employed to compute a Planck mean absorption coefficient and the temperature self-correlation term (for TRI effects) in the optically thin shock layer. Transition onset was induced by specifying a wall roughness height at the experimentally observed transition location. The chemistry was modeled employing eight elementary reactions and an equilibrium approach allowing species to relax towards their chemical equilibrium values over the process characteristic time scale. The wall heat fluxes in the turbulent region, density, and velocity profiles compared reasonably well against measurements as well as similar calculations reported previously. The density predictions were more sensitive to the choice of modeling options than the velocities. The radiative source term magnitude agreed closely with its measurements deduced from shock tube experiments. The TRI model predicted a 60% enhancement in emission due to temperature fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer. While the variations in density and velocity predictions among the models diminished along the length of the body, the O and NO prediction variations extended well into the turbulent boundary layer.
Controlling point process generalized linear models of neural spiking

In brain networks, neurons communicate through action potentials or spikes. These spikes can be thought of as discrete events that constitute, in essence, a binary, time-varying spatial pattern over the entire network. A general hypothesis in neuroscience is that these patterns encode information, thus enabling function. Consequently, an emerging research direction in experimental neuroscience involves the use of neurostimulation technologies to artificially induce such patterns in a spatiotemporally precise manner - the so-called neurocontrol problem. In this work, we discuss the neurocontrol problem by means of statistical models, which, in contrast to more traditional dynamical-systems models, describe only the probability of spiking as a function of time. Thus, such models aggregate nonlinearity and uncertainty into a more tractable mathematical description. While statistical models are frequently used to describe experimental data, their use as tools for input construction is not as well explored. Here, we formulate an optimal control problem for spiking patterns via a weighted maximum likelihood approach and develop its solution. We demonstrate the design approach for a model network consisting of coupled stochastic integrate-and-fire neurons. Finally, we suggest how this overall framework can be used to develop a class of control analyses for point process models.
Kant: The Inscrutable Subject

One of Freud’s fundamental insights is that our conception of reality is unconsciously permeated by phantasies,1 and it is fair to say that this idea would be impossible prior to Kant’s Copernican revolution in philosophy. By establishing that the activity of judgment (in part) constitutes reality, Kant demonstrates the illegitimacy of metaphysics and challenges Descartes’s appeal to immediate self-knowledge. Although Freud follows Kant in his commitment to the opacity of human motivations, Freud’s conception of the unconscious allows for repressed thoughts and emotions to be understood through the therapeutic work of psychoanalysis. Behaviors and symptoms can become meaningful within an analytic framework that makes them intelligible to consciousness. Unlike Kant’s thing in itself, the Freudian unconscious is positioned as part of the empirical domain, in principle accessible to scientific study.
Integrative Approaches to Imaging

As a result of the better understanding of the mechanisms in recent years, ablation strategies evolved to eliminate complex arrhythmias such as atrial fi brillation. However, the genesis of atrial fibrillation is often multifactorial and effective treatment may require complex and technically challenging procedures. To better appreciate that anatomy, facilitate mapping and catheter navigation, and minimize radiation exposure, imaging has evolved to play an important role during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. In this chapter a variety of imaging modalities and recent developments are discussed.