cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating software engineering principles into real time engineering courses

One common industrially pertinent area between electrical engineering and computer science encompasses digital data acquisition, signal processing, communication and control. Students need to be exposed to high-level software engineering practices that are engineering based. An already crowded computer engineering program curriculum cannot accommodate each of these courses separately. At Western Michigan University (WMU) a junior level course was created that teaches high-level software engineering best practices using Visual Basic that is applied to these areas. The students were required to maintain assignment logs, which provided a closed-loop feedback mechanism for continuous course quality improvement. This course is highly successful in that the students learn a great deal of information as well as gaining experience in applications that is useful in subsequent course work and careers.
Efficient distributed deadlock avoidance with liveness guarantees

We present a deadlock avoidance algorithm for distributed systems that guarantees liveness. Deadlock avoidance in distributed systems is a hard problem and general solutions are considered impractical due to the high communication overhead. In previous work, however, we showed that practical solutions exist when all possible sequences of resource requests are known a priori in the form of call graphs; in this case protocols can be constructed that perform safe resource allocation based on local data only, that is, no communication between components is required. While avoiding deadlock, those protocols, however, did not avoid starvation: they guaranteed that some process could always make progress, but did not guarantee that every individual process would always eventually terminate.In this paper we present a resource allocation mechanism that avoids deadlock and guarantees absence of starvation, without undue loss of concurrency. The only assumption we make is that the local scheduler is fair. We prove the correctness of the algorithm and show how it can be implemented efficiently.
On the P-type learning control

Sufficient conditions for the robustness and convergence of P-type learning control algorithms for a class of time-varying, nonlinear systems are presented. The authors prove the uniform boundedness of the system state and the input control with respect to the existence of errors of initialization, measurement noises, and fluctuations of system dynamics. Furthermore, the system output converges uniformly to the desired one in absence of all disturbances. Finally, specialization of the results to linear systems are presented. >
RASER: reads aligner for SNPs and editing sites of RNA.

MOTIVATION Accurate identification of genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or RNA editing sites from RNA-Seq reads is important, yet challenging, because it necessitates a very low false-positive rate in read mapping. Although many read aligners are available, no single aligner was specifically developed or tested as an effective tool for SNP and RNA editing prediction. RESULTS We present RASER, an accurate read aligner with novel mapping schemes and index tree structure that aims to reduce false-positive mappings due to existence of highly similar regions. We demonstrate that RASER shows the best mapping accuracy compared with other popular algorithms and highest sensitivity in identifying multiply mapped reads. As a result, RASER displays superb efficacy in unbiased mapping of the alternative alleles of SNPs and in identification of RNA editing sites. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION RASER is written in C++ and freely available for download at https://github.com/jaegyoonahn/RASER.
The impact of space and scale on conditional convergence: test results from the United States (1970–2004)

Tests of income convergence yield mixed results and omission of spatial effects might be one cause. This paper examines the impact of geographic aggregation and spatial effects on conditional convergence in the United States from 1970 to 2004 at three levels of aggregation. A standard ordinary least squares (OLS) conditional convergence model is first developed. Model diagnostics, however, suggest that a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model is appropriate. OLS and SAR models are compared across scales according to their model fit, diagnostics, convergence evidence and possible correlates. Results indicate that (1) convergence evidence and models are sensitive to spatial effects; (2) spatial models consistently out-perform OLS; (3) model fit is better at larger aggregations, while convergence evidence is strongest at smaller aggregations; and (4) spatial aggregation needs to be an explicit concern in the construction of future convergence models. Factors driving convergence remain generally consistent throug...
Development times, clinical testing, postmarket follow-up, and safety risks for the new drugs approved by the US food and drug administration: the class of 2008.

Importance The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has advanced multiple proposals to promote biomedical innovation by making new drugs available more quickly but with shorter, smaller, and more selective clinical trials and less rigorous end points. Objective To inform the debate about appropriate standards, we studied the development times, clinical testing, postmarket follow-up, and safety risks for the new drugs approved by the FDA in 2008, when most provisions of current law, regulation, and policies were in effect. Design Descriptive study of the drugs classified as new molecular entities using preapproval FDA evaluation documents, agency drug information databases, prescribing information, and other primary data sources. Main outcomes and measures Comparison of drugs that received standard review and those deemed sufficiently innovative to receive expedited review with regard to clinical development and FDA review time, the size and duration of efficacy trials, safety issues, and postmarket follow-up. Results In 2008, the FDA approved 20 therapeutic drugs, 8 with expedited review and 12 with standard review. The expedited drugs took a median of 5.1 years (range, 1.6-10.6 years) of clinical development to obtain marketing approval compared with 7.5 years (range, 4.7-19.4 years) for the standard review drugs (P = .05). The expedited drugs were tested for efficacy in a median of 104 patients receiving the active drug (range, 23-599), compared with a median of 580 patients (range, 75-1207) for standard review drugs (P = .003). Nonclinical testing showed that 6 therapeutic drugs were animal carcinogens, 5 were in vitro mutagens, and 14 were animal teratogens. Other safety concerns resulted in 5 Boxed Warnings; 8 drugs required risk management plans. The FDA required 85 postmarket commitments. By 2013, 5 drugs acquired a new or expanded Boxed Warning; 26 of 85 (31%) of the postmarketing study commitments had been fulfilled, and 8 (9%) had been submitted for agency review. Conclusions and relevance For new drugs approved by the FDA in 2008, those that received expedited review were approved more rapidly than those that received standard review. However, considerably fewer patients were studied prior to approval, and many safety questions remained unanswered. By 2013, many postmarketing studies had not been completed.
Spatio-temporal consideration of soil conditions and site-specific management of nematodes

Site-specific (precision) management (SSM) has potential for application in managing nematodes and soil conditions in environmentally meaningful ways. Successful application of SSM, however, may be dependent on how agronomically, biologically, and ecologically integrated the plan in question is. Otherwise, SSM risks falling into the “Tried but did not last” category. With this background and in addition to describing the concepts and principles of SSM, this presentation discusses the following interrelated points: (1) Case studies of spatio-temporal analysis of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) infestations, soil conditions and crop yield in managed ecosystems. Among the critical factors to an accurate and sustained application of SSM are understanding (i) the temporal structure and (ii) the spatial structure of the attribute in question, and (iii) establishing cause-and-effect relationships in the prevailing conditions. New approaches to temporal structure analysis when balancing the purpose of SSM application and nematode biology (as it relates to life stages), population density in soil and root tissue (to determine threshold), and damage functions (physiological stress of the plant during the growing season) are outlined. (2) Application of the concept of fertiliser use efficiency (FUE) to identify soil conditions when managing soil fertility. Defined as increase in host productivity and/or decrease in plant-parasitic nematode population density in response to a given fertiliser treatment, the FUE model recognizes variable responses and identifies four categories of interactions necessary for integrated management decision-making options that account for agronomic, economic, ecological and environmental and pest management issues. (3) Approaches to changing soil conditions in agro-biologically integrated ways. By incorporating nematode community structure (an excellent indicator of soil bio-ecological changes), soil nutrient amendments and crop yield, we have described a modification of the FUE model to identify and monitor changes in soil conditions, thereby creating the necessary bridges to disciplinary and cross-disciplinary gaps and interactions.
Nanoscale Dispersions of Gelled SnO2: Material Properties and Device Applications

High intrinsic carrier mobility and excellent transparency at visible wavelengths make stannic oxide (SnO2) a material of interest for a variety of optoelectronic applications. Here, we demonstrate a solvothermal route to stabilize gelled dispersions of tin oxide nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 2–4 nm. Small particle dimensions ultimately allow for the deposition of smooth thin films with all of the useful properties that can be expected from this material system. The structural and morphological properties of the deposited films are investigated, and they are demonstrated as an electron collection layer in polymer-based organic photovoltaic cells with promising power conversion efficiencies.
Familiarity and Retrieval Processes in Delayed Judgments of Learning.

Two processes are postulated to underlie delayed judgments of learning (JOLs)—cue familiarity and target retrievability. The two processes are distinguishable because the familiarity-based judgments are thought to be faster than the retrieval-based processes, because only retrieval-based JOLs should enhance the relative accuracy of the correlations between the JOLs and criterion test performance, and because only retrieval-based judgments should enhance memory. To test these predictions, in three experiments, the authors either speeded people’s JOLs or allowed them to be unspeeded. The relative accuracy of the JOLs in predicting performance on the criterion test was higher for the unspeeded JOLs than for the speeded JOLs, as predicted. The unspeeded JOL conditions showed enhanced memory as compared with the speeded JOL conditions, as predicted. Finally, the unspeeded JOLs were sensitive to manipulations that modified recallability of the target, whereas the speeded JOLs were selectively sensitive to experimental variations in the familiarity of the cues. Thus, all three of the predictions about the consequences of the two processes potentially underlying delayed JOLs were borne out. A model of the processes underlying delayed JOLs based on these and earlier results is presented.
fdrMotif: identifying cis-elements by an EM algorithm coupled with false discovery rate control

Motivation Most de novo motif identification methods optimize the motif model first and then separately test the statistical significance of the motif score. In the first stage, a motif abundance parameter needs to be specified or modeled. In the second stage, a z-score or p-value is used as the test statistic. Error rates under multiple comparisons are not fully considered.
Systematic method for rating soil quality of conventional, organic, and integrated apple orchards in Washington State

Much remains to be known concerning the complex relationships between specific soil property measurements and overall soil quality. The objective of this study was to advance our understanding of these complex relationships by further developing and applying a systematic method for evaluating the effects of conventional, integrated and organic apple production systems on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties using a modified soil quality index. This index utilizes 1998 soils data from these three treatments. The study used four, 0.14 ha replicates of each of the three treatments in a randomized complete block design. Experimental plots were planted to ‘Golden Delicious’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) in 1994 on a commercial orchard in the Yakima Valley of Washington state. Organic soil management practices included additions of composted poultry manure and bark mulches and the use of mechanical tillage for weed control. Conventional soil management practices included additions of synthetic fertilizers and the use of herbicides for weed control. The integrated system utilized practices from each of the other two systems. Increased aggregate stability, microbial biomass, and earthworm abundance were associated with improved soil quality under integrated management when compared to conventional management in 1998. Organic management resulted in lower soil bulk densities and generally improved biological soil properties compared to conventional management. Few significant differences in soil properties were measured between the integrated and organic systems. The integrated production system received a soil quality index rating of 0.92 (out of 1.00), which was significantly higher than the index rating of 0.78 for the conventional production system; the organic production system received a rating of 0.88, which was not significantly different from the other two systems. The study indicates that a well-developed soil quality index can provide an effective framework for evaluating the overall effects of different orchard production practices on soil quality. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Room-temperature cyclic fatigue of reaction-bonded silicon nitride using the double cleavage drilled compression specimen

The double cleavage drilled compression specimen was used to study the room-temperature cyclic fatigue behavior of reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN). Fatigue results were compared with slow crack growth under static loading. The fatigue exponent for RBSN was found to be 40, although no slow crack growth occurred under static loading. The fatigue threshold for RBSN was as low as 0.5/K_(lc) and dependent upon loading conditions. Crack growth behavior and electron microscopy provided evidence that the fatigue mechanism was due to asperity and debris wedging at the crack face.
Homage to Helen Brownson: Information science pioneer

Helen Brownson (1917– ) was a federal government employee from 1941–1970 and was responsible for many scientific events, technologies, and foundational aspects which fostered the transformation of the field of documentation into the field of information science. As Program Director for Scientific Documentation at the National Science Foundation’s Office of Scientific Information, Brownson published dozens of reports and articles pertaining to information-handling, scientific communication, and machine-translation problems. She presented at and reported on international conferences and would allocate federal grant money toward pioneering projects—all in order to develop better methods for access, storage, and retrieval of recorded scientific information. She was responsible for identifying and supporting the Cranfield Experiments and founded the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) as well as the two technical systems publications which precipitated the need for an annual review. This poster is a concise history of Brownson’s career taken directly from the forthcoming article, A Humble Servant: The Work of Helen L. Brownson and the Early Years of Information Science Research. More specifically, it is an opportunity to showcase many of the personal, historical, visual images collected during personal interviews with, and through scholarly research on this influential pioneer.
Using Experimental Economics to Examine Wildfire Insurance and Averting Decisions in the Wildland–Urban Interface

In response to growing wildfire concerns in the U.S. West and elsewhere, public land management agencies are promoting a variety of programs to reduce the risk exposure of homeowners to catastrophic wildfires. Experimental economics, using laboratory markets with real payoffs, provides a unique, low-cost tool for examining how changes in various policies or institutional arrangements may affect complex decision making. In this article we present the initial results of our ongoing efforts to explore the factors that influence the willingness to pay for insurance and risk-averting activities. Using significant dollar payoffs and recruited subjects, the experimental setting mimics the decision processes faced by individual homeowners located in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) and is very context rich. To demonstrate the potential uses of market experiments as part of the larger social sciences toolkit to inform policy, we present preliminary results from a set of illustrative treatments.
Longer Relative Telomere Length in Blood from Women with Sporadic and Familial Breast Cancer Compared with Healthy Controls

Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and are composed of a series of noncoding hexamer repeats. Telomeres protect the integrity of DNA coding sequences and are integral to the maintenance of genomic stability. Previous studies have shown an association between shortened lymphocyte telomeres and increased risk for specific cancers. However, the association between telomere length and breast cancer risk is less clear. We examined the relative telomere length (RTL) in blood from women with no personal or family history of cancer (controls) compared with different populations of women with breast cancer and women at high genetic risk for developing breast cancer. RTL was determined as the telomere to single gene copy number ratio assessed by quantitative PCR. Breast cancer cases (low risk, n = 40; high risk, n = 62) had significantly longer RTL compared with unaffected controls (n = 50; mean RTL = 1.11 versus 0.84; P < 0.0001). The assessment of risk by RTL quartile showed an increased risk for breast cancer with each longer quartile, with the most significant risk observed in the longest quartile (odds ratio, 23.3; confidence interval, 4.4-122.3; P < 0.0003). Women without breast cancer but at high risk due to family history (n = 30) also showed longer telomeres than controls (mean RTL = 1.09 versus 0.84; P < 0.0001). Our analysis supports previous findings of longer RTL in breast cancer cases compared with controls, and is the first to observe longer RTL in women without breast cancer identified as high risk based on family history.
Expression and function of the chemokine, CXCL13, and its receptor, CXCR5, in AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

AIDS-associated Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) remains a problem even in the era of effective anti-retroviral therapy. Recent studies have suggested that the chemokine, CXCL13, and its receptor, CXCR5 may play a role in B cell tumors (non-AIDS-associated). Normally, CXCL13 is expressed in secondary lymphoid tissues and directs the homeostatic movement of CXCR5(+) B cells through these areas. To evaluate the role that CXCL13 and CXCR5 might play in AIDS-NHL, serum of individuals (n = 46) who ultimately developed AIDS-NHL was obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) at UCLA. The AIDS-NHL serum specimens tested were collected at a mean of 8.9 months prior to NHL diagnosis (SD = 7.9 months). Sera from AIDS (non-lymphoma), healthy HIV-positive, and HIV-negative control subjects were also included in the study. The mean CXCL13 level in the AIDS-NHL group (158 pg/ml, SD = 153) was ~50 percent higher than the AIDS control group (98.4 pg/ml, SD = 70.9, P = 0.02). Furthermore, CXCL13 levels correlated with sCD44 levels in the AIDS-NHL group (R = 0.31, P = 0.04), but not in the AIDS control group (R = 0.07; P = 0.7, data not shown); we previously showed that sCD44 levels are elevated prior to AIDS-NHL development. CXCL13 levels in the AIDS-NHL group were also ~2.5 times greater than levels in the HIV-positive group, and ~7 times greater than levels in the HIV-negative group (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Next, tissue arrays were obtained from the AIDS & Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) that contained numerous sections of primary AIDS-NHLs, including both the Burkitt and diffuse large cell subtypes. By immunohistochemistry, all primary AIDS-NHLs (24/24) expressed CXCR5, and 22/24 of the AIDS-NHL specimens also showed expression of CXCL13. Cell lines derived from primary AIDS-NHL tumors also showed strong expression of CXCR5, and occasionally, low levels of expression of CXCL13. AIDS-NHL cell lines also demonstrated chemotaxis towards CXCL13. These results indicate that CXCL13 and CXCR5 may play a role in the biology of AIDS-NHL, possibly by affecting the movement of pre-malignant and/or malignant B cells.
Observations Using the New Bull-Breeding Soundness Evaluation Forms in Adult and Young Bulls

The new bull-breeding soundness forms were used to evaluate 1276 bulls; 62.85% of these bulls were deemed satisfactory. Unsatisfactory and deferred percentages were 28.92% and 8.23% respectively. Reasons for the various classifications were evaluated, and age and breed comparisons were made.
Opening the Mind: Designing 3D Virtual Environments to Enhance Team Creativity

3D virtual environments (VEs) have emerged as a popular collaboration tool because they enable richer forms of collaboration than traditional text-or Web-based tools. Research on text-based electronic brainstorming (EBS) has shown it is possible to increase idea fluency and creativity through priming, the use of stimuli to implant concepts in working memory designed to influence subconscious cognition and ultimately behavior. In this experiment, we designed a 3D VE to prime for "openness" (i.e., broad attentional scope) and examined the effects it had on idea fluency and creativity in EBS sessions. Our results show that virtual teams generated more ideas of greater creativity when they brainstormed in a VE specifically designed to prime openness than in a closed environment.
Effect of Bile Acids on Activity of GIucose-6-Phosphatase.∗:

Summary(1) Bile acids have been found to influence, in vitro, the activity of rat liver glucose-6-phosphatase, concentrations of 5 × 10-4 M inactivating and 1 × 10-3 M activating the enzyme. (2) Glucose-6-phosphatase from both normal and diabetic rats responds similarly. The increased glucose-6-phospha-tase activity found in liver of alloxan diabetic rats therefore does not appear to be due to any such activation mechanism, but rather due to an actual increase in the amount of enzyme present.
Incidence of Parasitism of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Some Cotton Fields of Texas

The importance of insect parasitoids in cotton fields has long been recognized (Quaintance and Brues 1905, Whitcomb and Bell 1964, van den Bosch and Hagen 1966). Several researchers have investigated the incidence of parasitism of the “bollworm complex,” Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.), by collecting Heliothis eggs and larvae in the field, placing them on artificial diet, transporting them to the laboratory, and identifying the emerging parasites (Bibby 1942, Butler 1958, Lewis and Brazzel 1966, Snow et al. 1966, Bottrell et al. 1968). The role of naturally occurring parasites in controlling cotton insect pests has also been well documented (Bartlett 1956, Whitcomb and Bell 1964, Whitcomb 1967, van den Bosch et al. 1969, Graham 1970).
Transmission of Nosema Disease from Infected Honey Bee Workers to Queens in Mating Nuclei

Nosema disease was transmitted by infected workers to queens in mating nuclei of A pis mellifera L. within as little as 4 days after first contact. However, the probability that queens would become infected appeared random and was not necessarily related to time in the mating nuclei or level of Nesema disease in worker bees. Feeding with fumagillin was effective in preventing infection in queens despite the presence of the disease in the worker population.
Overview of selected seminal optical science and photonics processes in nature

This presentation gives an overview on some of seminal research in optical science, condensed matter physics, biophysics, biology, biomedical, nonlinear optics, and structure light propagation and interactions at CCNY and GTE Labs over past 46 years. The advent of ultrafast laser pulses with picosecond and femtosecond pulses and optical spectroscopy (label free native fluorescence and Raman) has led to unravel some of mysteries in the molecular world leading to breakthroughs in various areas of science and medicine. The following topics are discussed: white light continuum called now Supercontinuum (SC); first direct measurement of Optical Phonon’s lifetimes; first observation of creation of daughter vibrations in time from excited mother vibration in liquids; first direct measurement of creation and decay of Spin Angular Momentum of electrons in GaAs where picosecond Circular Polarized Light carrying Optical Spin Angular Momentum is generated; Pulse break up into ballistic, snake and diffusive components in scattering media such as um beads and tissues; and use of optical spectroscopy for first cancer detection in label free tissues. Most recently, advances in Biomedical Optics showed that Tryptophan as a key biomarker for aggressive cancers; there are three new optical windows with the Golden window #3 the best for penetrating tissue from 1600 nm to 1800 nm; Complex light with OAM offers potential deeper tissue penetration and Resonance Raman excited using magic 532 nm wavelength in tissues.
ABUSE OF BARBITURATES AND AMPHETAMINES.

Patterns of drug abuse in the United States have undergone significant changes since World War II. A prominent feature has been a shift from alcohol and heroin to the barbiturates, amphetamines and related substances. Dependence on these drugs may create serious medical and sociologic problems which the pharmacist and physician can minimize by knowledgeable and thoughtful control of the prescription.
Research on Xinjiang SuoSuo Grape Extract Against Influenza A (H1N1)

Objective To research on Xinjiang SuoSuo grape extract against influenza A (H1N1).Method 1.Use MDCK cell culture and MTT method on Xinjiang SuoSuo grape polysaccharide,SuoSuo grape flavonoids,total terpene SuoSuo grapes against influenza virus A (H1N1)-type role.2. Use read-muench method to calculate the TICD_ 50 in influenza virus A (H1N1)-type MDCK cells.3.By observing cytopathic effect (CPE),the calculation CPE cytopathic effect inhibition rate,MTT determination of drugs on cells,such as the protection rate to evaluate the SuoSuo grape polysaccharide,total flavonoids,total triterpenoid the effect of anti-influenza virus.Results Determine the total flavonoids of grape Suo Suo largest concentration of non-toxic (TC_0) to 20 μg/ml,Suo Suo total triterpenoid grape TC_0 for the 1?500 μg/ml. Flavonoids,polysaccharides extract directly inactivated with relatively good,but this triterpenoid,and the role of ribavirin was not obvious. Flavonoids,polysaccharides,triterpenes have therapeutic effects,and the triterpenoid and flavonoids's effect of therapeutic than the polysaccharide,the therapeutic effect of ribavirin than flavonoids,polysaccharides,triterpene.Conclusion After studying the characteristics of plant resources in Xinjiang Suo Suo grape extract of anti-influenza virus A (H1N1) subtype of the role is a multi-passing,In vitro studies have shown by the different active ingredients of total flavonoids of suo suo grape,suo suo grape polyphenols,Suo Suo grape triterpenoid have a better treatment results to prevention of the influenza virus A (H1N1) subtype,directly inactivated treatment,can be regarded as anti-influenza medicine resources for further development and utilization.
Improving emergency preparedness system readiness through simulation and interprofessional education.

We applied emerging evidence in simulation science to create a curriculum in emergency response for health science students and professionals. Our research project was designed to (1) test the effectiveness of specific immersive simulations, (2) create reliable assessment tools for emergency response and team communication skills, and (3) assess participants' retention and transfer of skills over time. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data about individual and team knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Content experts designed and pilot-tested scaled quantitative tools. Qualitative evaluations administered immediately after simulations and longitudinal surveys administered 6–12 months later measured student participants' individual perceptions of their confidence, readiness for emergency response, and transfer of skills to their day-to-day experience. Results from 312 participants enrolled in nine workshops during a 24-month period indicated that the 10-hour curriculum is efficient (compared with larger-scale or longer training programs) and effective in improving skills. The curriculum may be useful for public health practitioners interested in addressing public health emergency preparedness competencies and Institute of Medicine research priority areas.
The choreoathetoid movement disorder induced by levodopa.

Dyskinesia as a side effect induced by long-term treatment with levodopa is reported on the basis of experience with 100 patients with Parkinson's disease receiving the agent for at least one year. The sex ratio of the patients was approxirrwtely 2:1 male to ferrwle, and their ages, duration of illness, and the etiologic distribution of idiopathic to postencephalic types were characteristic of a parkinsonian population. Concomitant with clinical improvement demonstrated by patients under levodopa treatment, choreoathetosis appeared as irregularly occurring involuntary movements, involVing head, face, jaw, tongue, shoulder, limbs, or trunk. These movements were usually exaggerated by voluntary movements, and the dyskinesia varied in severity throughout the day, being most severe soon after taking a regular dose of the drug. Since for most patients the dosage producing choreoathetoid movements is at or just below the effective dose of symptom control, a compromise between partial control of symptoms and disabling drug-induced movements seems inevitable. Measures to control dyskinesia consisted mainly of lowering the dosage. No correlation was noted between the development of dyskinesia and previous stereotaxic surgery, etiology of Parkinson's disease, or its duration or severity. Choreoathetoid movements did not occur in normal control subjects receiving the drug or in patients with dystonia musculorum deformans or spastic torticollis, suggesting a strong specific predisposition in parkinsonian patients to this side effect.
Use of Nationwide Automatic Identification System Data to Quantify Resiliency of Marine Transportation Systems

This paper describes the approach and the results of an ongoing research effort to assess the resilience of port operations following major disasters and other disruptive events. The work presented in this paper used archival data from the U.S. Coast Guard’s nationwide automatic identification system to quantify the state of resiliency of coastal navigation systems. Illustrating the experimental methodology are case study examples that assess the disruptions that resulted from a collision in March 2014 in the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, and from Superstorm Sandy in 2012 on the greater Port of New York and New Jersey. The methods and results can be adapted and implemented for quantitatively evaluating levels of port activity following disruptive events and for a better understanding of the factors that lead to more resilient maritime systems.
Lessons of the Manley Government: Democratic Socialism as an Alternative Development Path

In this final chapter, we will make use of our analysis of the Manley government to reflect upon and clarify several theoretical and strategic issues. First, we will draw out the theoretical implications of our case study for the theory of the peripheral state and for class formation, particularly the interests and action of the capitalist class. Second, we will re-examine the nature of the political project of the PNP and differentiate it from related but distinct political phenomena; state capitalism, populism, non-capitalist development and social democracy. In this context, the conditions for the emergence of the democratic socialist project in Jamaica will be examined. Then we will draw lessons from the successes and failures of the Manley government for democratic socialist projects elsewhere. Finally, we will briefly analyze the conditions for the emergence and success of democratic socialist development models elsewhere.
An exact variational method to calculate rovibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules with large amplitude motion

We report a new full-dimensional variational algorithm to calculate rovibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules using an exact quantum mechanical Hamiltonian. The rovibrational Hamiltonian of system is derived in a set of orthogonal polyspherical coordinates in the body-fixed frame. It is expressed in an explicitly Hermitian form. The Hamiltonian has a universal formulation regardless of the choice of orthogonal polyspherical coordinates and the number of atoms in molecule, which is suitable for developing a general program to study the spectra of many polyatomic systems. An efficient coupled-state approach is also proposed to solve the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian using a multi-layer Lanczos iterative diagonalization approach via a set of direct product basis set in three coordinate groups: radial coordinates, angular variables, and overall rotational angles. A simple set of symmetric top rotational functions is used for the overall rotation whereas a potential-optimized discrete variable representation method is employed in radial coordinates. A set of contracted vibrationally diabatic basis functions is adopted in internal angular variables. Those diabatic functions are first computed using a neural network iterative diagonalization method based on a reduced-dimension Hamiltonian but only once. The final rovibrational energies are computed using a modified Lanczos method for a given total angular momentum J, which is usually fast. Two numerical applications to CH4 and H2CO are given, together with a comparison with previous results.
Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches for Treating Substance Use Disorders Among Behavioral Medicine Patients

Substance use and substance use disorders (SUD), including alcohol, are a serious public health concern. SUD presentation in clinical practice is highly heterogeneous and can be challenging to treat. Potentially complicating SUD treatment is the co-occurrence of a chronic medical condition. To illustrate these complications and how to address them effectively using cognitive–behavioral interventions, this chapter is divided into six sections: (1) the prevalence, clinical presentations, and complications of having a comorbid alcohol or other substance use disorder across five common medical conditions; (2) description of cognitive and behavioral approaches to addressing alcohol and other drug use disorders in medical settings; (3) a brief overview of the empirical support for CBT approaches for alcohol and other substance use disorders; (4) implementation of CBT in addressing these clinical challenges; (5) reducing harm caused by substances when abstinence is clinically unfeasible; and (6) a case example that highlights CBT principles and techniques in practice.
Capturing Anharmonicity in a Lattice Thermal Conductivity Model for High-Throughput Predictions

High-throughput, low-cost, and accurate predictions of thermal properties of new materials would be beneficial in fields ranging from thermal barrier coatings and thermoelectrics to integrated circuits. To date, computational efforts for predicting lattice thermal conductivity (κL) have been hampered by the complexity associated with computing multiple phonon interactions. In this work, we develop and validate a semiempirical model for κL by fitting density functional theory calculations to experimental data. Experimental values for κL come from new measurements on SrIn2O4, Ba2SnO4, Cu2ZnSiTe4, MoTe2, Ba3In2O6, Cu3TaTe4, SnO, and InI as well as 55 compounds from across the published literature. To capture the anharmonicity in phonon interactions, we incorporate a structural parameter that allows the model to predict κL within a factor of 1.5 of the experimental value across 4 orders of magnitude in κL values and over a diverse chemical and structural phase space, with accuracy similar to or better than th...
The Impact of College Students’ Interactions with Faculty: A Review of General and Conditional Effects

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the literature relevant to the effects of student-faculty interaction among undergraduate students, including general and conditional effects, and proposes a research agenda that will improve our understanding of the theoretical and practical implications of the impact of college students’ interactions with faculty. We begin our review by examining theoretical frameworks used in the current research on the impact of student-faculty interaction. We then highlight the methodology used in these studies, both quantitative and qualitative. Next, we discuss empirical findings on the impact of student-faculty interaction. Finally, we offer conceptual and methodological recommendations for future research on this topic.
Learn While You Wait: An Experience of a Novel, Interactive VHA e-Notebook Education Program for Multiple Myeloma, Final Results

Abstract 4759 We evaluated a novel e-notebook -based education program for patients with multiple myeloma. The program was developed by the Myeloma Initiative in the Veteran9s Administration (MIVA) consortium to educate patients about myeloma while they wait for clinic appointments or procedures. The goals of this study were to assess the feasibility of the program in a busy clinic setting, patients ‘knowledge after the program and patients’ acceptance of the e-notebook format. Study subjects were patients with multiple myeloma being treated at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System McClellan Hospital. Eligibility criteria were diagnosis of multiple myeloma and ability to follow instructions in the program and complete a paper questionnaire. Study subjects evaluated the module while awaiting their clinic visit and then completed a survey consisting of ten multiple-choice questions designed to measure the goals of the study. The scope of the questions were: patients9 primary source of medical education, patients9 perceived benefit of the education program in improving their understanding of their disease (three questions), patients9 preferences in regard to educational formats (three questions), and multiple myeloma knowledge (three questions). Fifteen consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. Patient flow was not adversely affected by use of the module in the waiting room and the program was well accepted by the patients. Most patients in our study (93%) considered their primary source of medical information about their disease to be their oncologist, followed by internet resources (20%). Most patients (93%) stated that the education program helped them better understand the information provided by their oncologists and better understand multiple myeloma treatment options. Twelve patients (60%) answered that the program motivated them to learn more about myeloma. Fourteen patients (93%) recommended that this program be expanded to spouses or family members, and twelve patients (80%) advocated creating a video format of the program for repeat viewing. Nine patients (60%) stated they plan to view the content again at a later time. Of all multiple myeloma knowledge questions, 76% were answered correctly and 60% of the patients who answered correctly attributed their answers to information they learned in the education program. We conclude that this e-notebook -based multiple myeloma education program is well accepted and can be adopted in a busy clinic. It is an effective and motivating tool for patient education in adjunct with physician efforts. It can be a productive utilization of waiting room time and has the potential for further applications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ASSOCIATIONS OF HIV RELATED FACTORS WITH ADJUDICATED HEART FAILURE (HF) IN AN ELECTRONIC COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED (HIV+) PERSONS

Background: HIV+ persons appear to have elevated risks for HF. However, few studies have evaluated clinical characteristics of HF in HIV and none has adjudicated HF diagnoses. Thus, the extent to which traditional and HIV-specific risk factors contribute to HF in HIV remains unclear. We hypothesized
Systems for modern quality and business improvement

AbstractIn 1924 Walter A. Shewhart of the Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the statistical control chart concept. This is usually considered the formal origin of the field of statistical quality control. The control chart is one of the most important technological inventions of the 20th century; it has a simple theoretical foundation, it is easy to use, it can be applied in a wide range of business, service and industrial settings, and it is a proven effective technique in providing the information critical to variability reduction and process improvement. This paper discusses the foundations of Shewhart’s work, and his influence on other leaders of the field, including Joseph Juran and W. Edwards Deming. The Shewhart cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act, or PDCA) was popularized by Deming as a fundamental process improvement paradigm that evolved into the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) process that is an integral part of the implementation of modern Six Sigma. Control charts have evolved in many...
Knickerbocker Commodore: The life and times of John Drake Sloat, 1781–1867

Biographies of American naval officers in the age of sail have tended to focus on the captains and heroes of the US Navy’s early conflicts. The multiple volumes on Stephen Decatur and his actions i...
Reducing Youth Firearm Suicide Risk: Evidence for Opportunities.

Adolescent suicide by firearm imposes devastating losses to families and society, killing more than 1000 10- to 19-year-old children and adolescents annually in the United States. Youth suicide rates between 1999 and 2014 have tripled for 10- to 14-year-olds and increased by 50% for 15- to 24-year-old youth.1 This preventable injury is still a leading cause of death in this age group.2 Household firearms create a suicide (and homicide) risk to all children and adults in a home.3 Given the much higher relative risk to individuals with mental health conditions and substance abuse disorders,4 a focus on families with high-risk adolescents merits top priority. The interaction of guns, mental health, and injury is a topic of national interest. Mainly, the focus is preventing assault injuries and deaths through criminal background checks to restrict gun sales to high-risk individuals. For self-inflicted firearm injury among adults, restrictions are complicated by the challenges of limiting household access. For youth, however, parents and caretakers have a key responsibility in preventing gun access. Exercising this responsibility is critical because self-harm is generally more impulsive and with lower levels of intent in … Address correspondence to David C. Grossman, MD, MPH, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101. E-mail: david.c.grossman{at}kp.org
An Examination of Close Calls Reported Within the International Association of Fire Chiefs Database

Close calls or near misses are common occurrences in the field of firefighting. As in many other domains, they represent a source of valuable information to inform personnel training and improve safety. Firefighting is uniquely complex because of the many possible causes of injury or death. Database repositories for close call narrative reports exist; however, they contain a wide variety of information that varies in usefulness. The authors applied a published taxonomy to categorize narrative reports within the www.firefighternearmiss.com online database. The authors analyzed 61 narratives from the database, categorizing them by situational variables, level of situation severity, and reported error frequencies. Results showed that the majority of narratives described close call events that were preceded by a sensory signal and attributable to human error. Notably, the vast majority of narratives included information from which actionable recommendations could be generated. The article concludes with suggestions for future database development.
Ethical Issues and Severe Disabilities: Programming for Students and Preparation for Teachers:

Professional ethics govern how members of a discipline interact with clients and with each other; in special education in general and in severe disabilities specialization area in particular, there...
Amplitude modulation of a burstlike mode of cortisol secretion subserves the circadian glucocorticoid rhythm

We have examined the mechanism subserving the in vivo circadian rhythm of cortisol in men. To this end, blood samples were withdrawn at 10-min intervals for 24 h in each of six men to yield well-de...
Qing Travelers to the Far West: Diplomacy and the Information Order in Late Imperial China

Prior to the nineteenth century, the West occupied an anomalous space in the Chinese imagination, populated by untamable barbarians and unearthly immortals. First-hand accounts and correspondence from Qing envoys and diplomats to Europe unraveled that perception. In this path-breaking study, Jenny Huangfu Day interweaves the history of Qing legation-building with the personal stories of China's first official travelers, envoys and diplomats to Europe. She explores how diplomat-travelers navigated the conceptual and physical space of a land virtually unmapped in the Chinese intellectual tradition and created a new information order. This study reveals the fluidity, heterogeneity, and ambivalence of their experience, and the layers of tension between thinking, writing, and publishing about the West. By integrating diplomatic and intellectual history with literary analysis and communication studies, Day offers a fundamentally new interpretation of the Qing's engagement with the West.