cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stent-associated esophagorespiratory fistulas: incidence and risk factors.

Background Esophageal self-expandable stents (SESs) effectively treat strictures and leaks but may be complicated by a stent-associated esophagorespiratory fistula (SERF). Little is known about SERFs. Objective To determine the incidence, morbidity, mortality, and risk factors for SERF. Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting Single referral center. Patients All adults undergoing esophageal SES placement during a 10-year period. Intervention Stent placement. Main Outcome Measurements Occurrence of SERF, morbidity, and mortality. Results A total of 16 of 397 (4.0%) patients developed SERF at a median of 5 months after stent placement (range 0.4-53 months) including 6 of 94 (6%), 10 of 71 (14%), and 0 of 232 (0%) of those with lesions in the proximal, middle, and distal esophagus, respectively (overall P P = .27). The risk was highest (18%) in patients with benign anastomotic strictures. Risk factors for development of SERF included a higher Charlson comorbidity index score (odds ratio [OR] 1.47 for every 1-point increase; P = .04) and history of radiation therapy (OR 9.41; P = .03). Morbidity associated with SERF included need for lifelong feeding tubes in 11 of 22 (50%) and/or tracheostomy or mechanical ventilation in 5 of 22 (23%). Median survival after diagnosis was 4.5 months (range 0.35-67), and 7 patients survived less than 30 days. Limitations Retrospective design, limited statistical power. Conclusion SERF is a morbid complication of SES placement for strictures of the proximal and mid-esophagus. The dominant risk factors for development of SERF are prior radiation therapy and comorbidity score.
Electrophoretic Behavior of Bare and Polymer-Coated Latices

Polymer-stabilized latex dispersions find many applications but our understanding of such suspensions is limited; data on well-characterized systems can furnish needed insight. To provide this information, the behavior of bare particles and particles coated with adsorbed poly(ethylene oxide) was investigated using electrophoretic mobility and photon correlation spectroscopy measurements. Bare particles show the typical maximum in mobility as a function of salt concentration; adsorbed neutral polymer reduces the mobility and suppresses the features. Hydrodynamic size measurements indicate that the polymer layers are rather thick and almost completely occlude the diffuse charge. Nevertheless, the particles retain a significant electrophoretic mobility, indicating that the electrokinetic shear plane is located somewhere inside the polymer layer. Comparing experimental results with those from an approximate theory for fuzzy particles indicates that the layer's principal effect is hydrodynamic.
Redesigning Library Jobs.

Rapid technological change is examined from the viewpoint of its impact on library jobs. The article explains from an historical perspective how new technologies have, in many cases, absorbed routine work, and have the potential to make jobs much more challenging. Management must respond to these changes, however, by redesigning jobs to accommodate both technological innovation and human values. Specific steps in the job redesign process are described.
Toward a Unifying Hypothesis of Metabolic Syndrome

Despite a lack of consistent diagnostic criteria, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly evident in children and adolescents, portending a tsunami of chronic disease and mortality as this generation ages. The diagnostic criteria for MetS apply absolute cutoffs to continuous variables and fail to take into account aging, pubertal changes, and race/ethnicity. We attempt to define MetS mechanistically to determine its specific etiologies and to identify targets for therapy. Whereas the majority of studies document a relationship of visceral fat to insulin resistance, ectopic liver fat correlates better with dysfunctional insulin dynamics from which the rest of MetS derives. In contrast to the systemic metabolism of glucose, the liver is the primary metabolic clearinghouse for 4 specific foodstuffs that have been associated with the development of MetS: trans-fats, branched-chain amino acids, ethanol, and fructose. These 4 substrates (1) are not insulin regulated and (2) deliver metabolic intermediates to hepatic mitochondria without an appropriate “pop-off” mechanism for excess substrate, enhancing lipogenesis and ectopic adipose storage. Excessive fatty acid derivatives interfere with hepatic insulin signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species accumulate, which cannot be quenched by adjacent peroxisomes; these reactive oxygen species reach the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to a compensatory process termed the “unfolded protein response,” driving further insulin resistance and eventually insulin deficiency. No obvious drug target exists in this pathway; thus, the only rational therapeutic approaches remain (1) altering hepatic substrate availability (dietary modification), (2) reducing hepatic substrate flux (high fiber), or (3) increasing mitochondrial efficiency (exercise).
Using the lens of Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy

Kurt Lewin famously proclaimed, ?There is nothing so practical as good theory?, signifying that a good theory lends itself to being applied in a variety of contexts. This paper uses the lens of Max Weber?s theory of bureaucracy to examine contemporary EGovernment related research and literature. Two major, prevailing themes emerge from this exercise. The first theme that emerges is that IT (information technology) is a tool for `reforming? bureaucracy. The second, somewhat contradictory, theme is that EGovernment failure may be explained as a consequence of bureaucracy. Each of these themes is discussed in detail. These themes are also explored via case studies. The paper concludes that current E-Government research does not offer adequate clarity on the issue of how E-Government and bureaucracy impact each other in reciprocal ways; and calls for future research into these issues.
Effect of Releases of Amblyseius californicus on the Twospotted Spider Mite on Strawberry in Southern California

The effect of 2 different release rates and timings of releases of Amblyseius califamicus (McGregor) on Tetranychus urticae Koch on strawberry was investigated in southern California in 1973-74. The two spotted spider mite populations were significantly reduced in the release plots. The mean numbers of two spotted spider mites in the release plots were significantly different from the check, but not from each other, from May 8 through the end of the study on June 19. The mean fruit yields (g/plant) and fruit size in the release plots also were significantly different from the check but not from each other. Early releases of the predator at 10/plant gave slightly better results than did the other release rates and timing of releases investigated.
Microsatellite analysis reveals genetically distinct populations of red pine (Pinus resinosa, Pinaceae)

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree species of northeastern North America and is considered one of the most genetically depauperate conifer species in the region. We have isolated and characterized 13 nuclear microsatellite loci by screening a partial genomic library with di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeat oligonucleotide probes. In an analysis of over 500 individuals representing 17 red pine populations from Manitoba through Newfoundland, five polymorphic microsatellite loci with an average of nine alleles per locus were identified. The mean expected and observed heterozygosity values were 0.508 and 0.185, respectively. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with excess homozygosity indicating high levels of inbreeding were evident in all populations studied. The population differentiation was high with 28-35% of genetic variation partitioned among populations. The genetic distance analysis showed that three northeastern (two Newfoundland and one New Brunswick) populations are genetically distinct from the remaining populations. The coalescence-based analysis suggests that "northeastern" and "main" populations likely became isolated during the most recent Pleistocene glacial period, and severe population bottlenecks may have led to the evolution of a highly selfing mating system in red pine.
Different Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme (ICE) Family Protease Requirements for the Apoptotic Death of T Lymphocytes Triggered by Diverse Stimuli

Two cell permeable peptide fluoromethyl ketone inhibitors of Interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) family proteases were tested as inhibitors of apoptotic cell death of T lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. The CPP-32–like protease activity in apoptotic cell lysates was blocked by both the ICE inhibitor Cbz-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (ZVADFMK) as well as its truncated analog Boc-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (BD-FMK), which failed to block ICE. In vitro apoptotic death in murine thymocytes triggered by the independent agents dexamethasone, etoposide, radiation, anti-Fas, and anti-CD3 was blocked equally well by BD-FMK and ZVAD-FMK, but not by the control reagent Cbz-Phe-Ala-fluoromethyl ketone. In activated T cell blasts, while anti-CD3/ Fas-induced death was almost completely inhibited by both ZVAD-FMK and BD-FMK, death induced by dexamethasone, etoposide, or irradiation was more sensitive to inhibition by BD-FMK. In the murine T cell line CTLL-2, apoptotic death induced by IL-2 withdrawal, etoposide, or dexamethasone was inhibited by BD-FMK, while ZVAD-FMK was without effect. These data indicate that ICEfamily proteases comprise a common functional step in distinct T cell apoptotic death pathways, but suggest that different family members are likely to be critical in various differentiated T cell types, even when triggered by the same stimulus.
The Developmental Student: Advising Challenge of the 1980's.

Faculty members, especially those serving as academic advisors, must realize their role in creating successful college experiences for students needing developmental studies. Since an ever-increasing number of entering freshmen across the nation demonstrate deficiencies in one or more basic skills, advising can help in reducing the large percentage of students leaving college during their first year of study. It is crucial that advising be both humanistic and factual. Astin believes that "studentfaculty interaction has a stronger relationship to student satisfaction with the college experience than any other involvement variable."' By working with all sources of student information, including admissions offices, counseling centers, assessment centers, students, and instructors, advisors will strengthen their roles as members of campus-wide efforts t o serve better those students underprepared for college-level work. Indeed, information available to faculty members through various segments of university communities should help concerned individuals maximize their roles as helpers to students unlike their traditional counterparts.
On The Bandwidth Efficiency of Pre-Crossconnected Trails

Recently, the use of pre-crossconnected trails (PXTs) has been proposed for fault tolerant WDM optical networks. Arranging protection bandwidth into PXTs eliminates the need for switch reconfiguration after a failure which leads to faster recovery times. The researchers who introduced PXTs gave experimental results showing that PXT protection performs not much worse and sometimes better than conventional algorithms in terms of bandwidth efficiency. Their experiments compared a greedy PXT algorithm with a simple non-greedy conventional algorithm, so there remained some question about the effect of the PXT constraint itself on bandwidth efficiency. In this paper, we explore this topic further. We use experimental results to compare simple and greedy heuristics both with and without the PXT constraint. Our results show that the PXT variations require significantly more bandwidth overhead than their conventional counterparts especially in larger networks.
Review of Neurosurgical Fluorescence Imaging Methodologies

Fluorescence imaging in neurosurgery has a long historical development, with various biomarkers and biochemical agents being used, and numerous technological approaches. This review focuses on contrast agents, summarizing endogenous fluorescence, exogenously stimulated fluorescence, and exogenous contrast agents, and then on tools used for imaging. It ends with a summary of key clinical trials that lead to consensus studies. The practical utility of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as stimulated by administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid has had substantial pilot clinical studies and basic science research completed. Recently, multicenter clinical trials using PpIX fluorescence to guide resection have shown efficacy for improved short-term survival. Exogenous agents are being developed and tested preclinically, and hopefully hold the potential for long-term survival benefit if they provide additional capabilities for resection of microinvasive disease or certain tumor subtypes that do not produce PpIX or help delineate low-grade tumors. The range of technologies used for measurement and imaging varies widely, with most clinical trials being carried out with either point probes or modified surgical microscopes. Currently, optimized probe approaches are showing efficacy in clinical trials, and fully commercialized imaging systems are emerging, which will clearly help to lead adoption into neurosurgical practice.
Tracking the delivery of prevention-oriented care among primary care providers who have adopted electronic health records.

The Primary Care Information Project is a New York City initiative aimed at improving population health through the improved delivery of preventive care. It has assisted with the adoption of a fully functional electronic health record (EHR) in over 300 primary care practices. Practices with EHRs automatically transmit summary data that can be used to track population health indicators for recommended preventive care. Early analysis, focusing on small practices with fewer than 10 providers serving Medicaid and uninsured populations, showed increases in the delivery of recommended services of 0.1–2.4% per month (p≤0.05). However, measurement of preventive care across this population is limited by some inconsistency of data transmission. This study shows that EHRs can be used to track the delivery of recommended preventive care across small primary care practices serving lower income communities in which few data are generally available for assessing population health.
Positionality: Reflecting on the Research Process

Through this article, the author provides a reflection on the role of positionality in research, following the completion of a qualitative research project. Through the research project, the White researcher sought to explore the ways in which students of color experience a predominantly White university. Drawing on literature and findings from the research project, the author highlights potential challenges and opportunities of being cognizant of one’s positionality. These reflections illustrate the significance of positionality and serve as a reminder of its potential effects on the research process, as well as on participants and the researcher. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for researchers to carefully consider the potential influence of their positionality in any research setting. Keywords: Positionality, Research Process, Qualitative, Insider/Outsider
A study of thermal stability and methane tolerance of Cu-based SOFC anodes with electrodeposited Co

Abstract Cu-based, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes were modified by electrodeposition of Co. The addition of only 5 vol% Co by electrodeposition significantly improved the thermal stability compared to either Cu–ceria–YSZ, Cu–Co–ceria–YSZ, or Co–ceria–YSZ electrodes prepared only by impregnation with much higher metal loadings, demonstrating that electrodeposited metal layers form metal films with better connectivity. In the absence of Co, SEM showed structural changes in the impregnated Cu after heating to 1173 K in humidified H 2 and these changes caused large increases in the ohmic resistance of fuel cells, as measured by impedance spectroscopy. In contrast, the ohmic resistance of a cell with 13 vol% Cu, 9 vol% ceria, and 5 vol% Co increased only slightly after 48 h at 1173 K in humidified H 2 . While a Co–ceria–YSZ composite was found to form large amounts of carbon upon exposure to dry CH 4 at 1073 K for 3 h, the Co–Cu–ceria–YSZ composites did not form measurable amounts of carbon for the same conditions. XPS results for a Cu foil with a 250-nm Co film demonstrated that Cu migrates to the surface of the Co upon heating above 873 K, forming a stable Cu layer that appears to be approximately one monolayer thick. The implication of these results for the development of practical SOFC electrodes for the direct utilization of hydrocarbons is discussed.
Cancer Screening: The Clash of Science and Intuition*

The concept of early detection of cancer holds great promise and intuitive appeal. However, powerful biases can mislead clinicians when evaluating the efficacy of screening tests by clinical observation alone. Selection bias, lead-time bias, length-biased sampling, and overdiagnosis are counterintuitive concepts with critical implications for early-detection efforts. This article explains these biases and other common confounders in cancer screening. The most direct and reliable way to avoid being led astray by intuitions is through the use of randomized controlled trials.
Unification-Based Semantic Interpretation

We show how unification can be used to specify the semantic interpretation of natural-language expressions, including problematical constructions involving long-distance dependencies. We also sketch a theoretical foundation for unification-based semantic interpretation, and compare the unification-based approach with more conventional techniques based on the lambda calculus.
Resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors

The photosensitivity characteristics of resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors are investigated. The photodetectors were formed by integrating the active absorption region into a resonant cavity composed of top and bottom (buried) mirrors. A general expression for quantum efficiency for RCE photodetectors was derived taking the external losses into account. Drastic enhancement in quantum efficiency is demonstrated at resonant wavelengths for a high quality factor Q cavity with a very thin absorption layer. An improvement by a factor of four in the bandwidth-efficiency product for RCE p-i-n detectors is predicted. Molecular beam epitaxy grown RCE-heterojunction phototransistors (RCE-HPT) were fabricated and measured demonstrating good agreement between experiment and theory. >
Value of estriol estimations in the management of diabetic pregnancy

Abstract Urinary estriol levels were obtained from 31 normal pregnant women and from 186 women attending the prenatal/diabetic clinic. The latter included 137 Class A (studied in three groups according to the degree of carbohydrate intolerance present), 32 Class B, 7 Class C, and 10 Class D patients. The results were not used to influence the clinical management. Mean values for the entire abnormal group were calculated weekly from 28 weeks until term. These values were used as the basis for comparison of the different classes studied. Only Classes C and D demonstrated depressed levels of excretion. Sixteen perinatal deaths occurred and 9 were considered avoidable had the estriol results been taken into consideration. The “estriol-preventable deaths” are described in detail. It is concluded that the assay presents a potentially valuable adjunct to the clinical management of the pregnant patient with disordered carbohydrate metabolism.
Dye alignment in luminescent solar concentrators: I. Vertical alignment for improved waveguide coupling

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) use dye molecules embedded in a flat-plate waveguide to absorb solar radiation. Ideally, the dyes re-emit the absorbed light into waveguide modes that are coupled to solar cells. But some photons are always lost, re-emitted through the face of the LSC and coupled out of the waveguide. In this work, we improve the fundamental efficiency limit of an LSC by controlling the orientation of dye molecules using a liquid crystalline host. First, we present a theoretical model for the waveguide trapping efficiency as a function of dipole orientation. Next, we demonstrate an increase in the trapping efficiency from 66% for LSCs with no dye alignment to 81% for a LSC with vertical dye alignment. Finally, we show that the enhanced trapping efficiency is preserved for geometric gains up to 30, and demonstrate that an external diffuser can alleviate weak absorption in LSCs with vertically-aligned dyes.
Cultural relativity of impact assessment: Native Hawaiian opposition to geothermal energy development

Development of the “renewable “ energy resource known as geothermal energy is touted as offering the promise of energy independence and economic development for the “Big Island” of Hawai'i and, by virtue of an undersea transmission cable, to other Hawaiian islands. However, the proposal to implement this project has met with continuing opposition from Native Hawaiians who are followers of the goddess Pele. This article proposes that the conflict over geothermal energy development represents two belief systems holding opposing views of the environment. Western attitudes toward nature regard the environment as a series of natural resources to be managed. In contrast, Native Hawaiian beliefs regard nature as sacred. Specifically, geothermal energy development threatens perhaps the most sacred space in all Hawaii, the home and body of the fire goddess Pele. The lengthy administrative proceedings in this matter are instructive of the marginalisation of native peoples and their difficulty in gaining recognition...
The future of wires

Concern about the performance of wires wires in scaled technologies has led to research exploring other communication methods. This paper examines wire and gate delays as technologies migrate from 0.18-/spl mu/m to 0.035-/spl mu/m feature sizes to better understand the magnitude of the the wiring problem. Wires that shorten in length as technologies scale have delays that either track gate delays or grow slowly relative to gate delays. This result is good news since these "local" wires dominate chip wiring. Despite this scaling of local wire performance, computer-aided design (CAD) tools must still become move sophisticated in dealing with these wires. Under scaling, the total number of wires grows exponentially, so CAD tools will need to handle an ever-growing percentage of all the wires in order to keep designer workloads constant. Global wires present a more serious problem to designers. These are wires that do not scale in length since they communicate signals across the chip. The delay of these wives will remain constant if repeaters are used meaning that relative to gate delays, their delays scale upwards. These increased delays for global communication will drive architectures toward modular designs with explicit global latency mechanisms.
Chapter 12 The just-in-time system

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of Just-in-Time (JIT). There are two keys to JIT supplier logistics: taking control of inbound deliveries and establishing quick feed-back loops. Various models have been proposed to investigate the improvement and learning processes the JIT system seeks to foster. To maximize the probability of success of a JIT program, it is also necessary to put proper incentive systems in place that encourage employees and management to implement the desired changes, and to redefine areas of responsibility throughout the organization. The purchasing firm also attempts to level its production schedule to make JIT deliveries possible without significant buffer inventories. The extension of JIT across firms thus creates mutual dependencies between supplier and customer, and hence incentives to cooperate to resolve problems and increase efficiency. Geographical distance between supplier and customers limits the potential for achieving JIT deliveries. A customized JIT program will have to be designed to fit the particular circumstances of an organization, and a cost/benefit analysis may indicate that JIT is not appropriate.
On the Globalization of Operations and Supply Chain Strategies

In a global market, companies do not compete solely as individuals but as part of an entire supply chain, and strategic managers must consider the whole supply chain and fully understand global forces and relevant trends when making operational decisions. We present a conceptual framework through which managers can evaluate the many forces affecting global operating strategies. This framework is composed of four types of forces: global market forces, technology forces, global cost forces, and political or macroeconomical forces. Global market forces, in general, motivate a company to seek a larger market for its goods or services. Technological forces generally ease barriers to globalization or require global operations strategies in order to access cutting edge technology. Global cost forces seek reduces or shared costs through high quality, lower total cost global production sites. Finally, political or macroeconomical forces cause a firm to seek competitive advantages through the careful utilization of exchange rates, regional trade agreements, or nontariff barriers. By using the global forces framework presented here, managers can clearly analyze the various important factors that shape global operations decisions and understand the implications of recent global events and trends on their supply chain strategies. We clearly illustrate the application of our framework in shaping supply chain strategy via a real case study from our consulting practice.
AAV’s Golden Jubilee

The paper recently published in Nature by Gardner et al.1 marks yet another milestone in the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as an effective gene delivery vehicle, and is an appropriate way to highlight the fiftieth anniversary of the discovery of AAV. Using simple intramuscular injections in primates, Gardner et al. demonstrated that they can use AAV to express a synthetic hybrid antibody-receptor decoy that has neutralizing capacity for a broad range of currently circulating HIV strains. The injected primates were protected against HIV challenge for up to 10 months. They suggest that this approach may be a novel and effective way of providing immunity to HIV.
Increased prevalence of tracheal diverticula in cystic fibrosis patients

Objective:This investigation sought to evaluate the prevalence and imaging characteristics of tracheal diverticula (TD) among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods:A total of 113 patients with CF at our institution, with a median age of 29 years, had chest CT examinations between 2002 and 2014. These imaging studies were retrospectively reviewed to assess for the presence and characteristics of TD, including quantity, size and location. The severity of the CF disease was assessed using the Bhalla CT scoring system and pulmonary function tests.Results:Of the 113 cases reviewed, 20 (17.7%) patients were found to have 1 or more TD. The presence of TD was associated with more severe disease by imaging criteria, with a Bhalla CT score of 13.9 ± 4.3 in patients with TD and 11.5 ± 4.3 in patients without TD. For the pulmonary function tests, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1 percent predicted demonstrated a trend towards worsening function in patients with TD, although the difference was not s...
Theory Versus Reality

Physical theories and their practical realizations are complementary. Walter Kohn’s theories are noteworthy both for their originality and their elegant physical and mathematical underpinnings, and they have had a profound influence in the development of condensed matter physics. Yet the practical realization and acceptance of such theories often takes years. In his book Disturbing the Universe, Freeman Dyson recalled asking J. Robert Oppenheimer what direction he should follow in physics and receiving a seemingly cryptic answer:
Skeletal Muscle Deficiencies in Homozygous Fast-Skeletal Myosin Binding Protein-C Mutant Mice

Myosin Binding Protein-C (MyBP-C) consists of three isoforms: slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac. In the present study, our objective is to elucidate the role of fast-skeletal Myosin Binding Protein-C (fsMyBP-C). Using recombinant MyBP-C N-termini, we have previously demonstrated that the fast-skeletal isoform regulates muscle contraction more similarly to cardiac vs. slow-skeletal MyBP-C. However, the physiological implications of such regulation in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Therefore, we generated homozygous knock-out mice that do not express fsMyBP-C in either alleles, as well as heterozygous mice that express fsMyBP-C in only one allele. Currently, no myopathies are associated with mutations in fsMyBP-C, fsMyBP-C expression is dysregulated in skeletal muscle diseases, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Both homozygous and heterozygous mice are viable and do not currently exhibit differences in longevity. However, expression of fsMyBP-C are drastically different: homozygous mice do not express fsMyBP-C, but heterozygous mice exhibit the same pattern of expression in skeletal muscle as wild-type (WT) mice. In WT mice, fsMyBP-C is expressed at levels comparable to slow-skeletal MyBP-C in the extensor digitalis longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) (fast-type and mixed type skeletal muscles, respectively). Interestingly, small amounts of fsMyBP-C are also expressed in the soleus, a slow-type muscle. To analyze functional changes in EDL and soleus muscles, we used Force-ATPase experiments to analyze steady-state myofilament properties, such as force generation, Ca2+-sensitivity, and tension cost. No significant functional changes were observed in heterozygous mice, nor were they observed in the soleus muscle. However, functional deficits became apparent in EDL muscles of homozygous mice, but could be recovered by the addition of recombinant fsMyBP-C N-termini. We propose that homozygous mice may be a useful model for isolating the effects of fsMyBP-C in health and disease.
Mapping community innovation: Using social network analysis to map the interactional field, identify facilitators, and foster community development

AbstractCan community networks be mapped to facilitate innovation? This study focuses on social structure and network interactions that can be used to identify key individuals and relationships with the potential to facilitate community innovation and development. Viewed through the lenses of social network analysis (SNA), interactional community theory, and social capital (trust), this study examines the dynamics of network interactions and the community field in a developing research park. Operated by two US Department of Energy national laboratories in California, the interactional environment of this research park is similar to the social structures and processes of small, place-based communities. SNA is used to identify critical community actors and map the core of a community field shared by two national laboratories. Findings suggest that SNA can be productively applied to community field mapping with the potential to strengthen collaboration, overcome innovation barriers, and identify facilitating...
A randomized waitlist-controlled pilot trial of voice over Internet protocol-delivered behavior therapy for youth with chronic tic disorders.

IntroductionComprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) has been shown to be efficacious for chronic tic disorders (CTDs), but utilization is limited by a lack of treatment providers and ...
Abstract 3973: Identification of novel transduceome in TGFβ mediated IAP downregulation in colorectal cancer

Survivin is associated with progression, metastases and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Its key role in promoting cell survival in concert with XIAP makes control of its expression and/or activity a potential therapeutic target in this disease. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that survivin expression is repressed by the TGFβ signaling pathway along with AKT inactivation in CRC cells (Wang et al 2008). Both mutational and epigenetic silencing of TGFβ RII is a well-documented early event in CRC. Rescue of specific tumor suppressor aspects of the TGFβ signaling pathway may provide therapeutic tumor suppressor benefit without promoting the cell survival and metastatic effects of TGFβ signaling. Therefore, we have studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the TGFβ mediated downregulation of survivin and XIAP in order to identify potential new therapeutic targets for CRC disease. Here we report that the TGFβ targeted downregulation of survivin and the X-linked IAP (XIAP) is mediated through cAMP-independent PKA activation within 4h of TGFβ treatment. The PKA inhibitor H89 inhibits both PKA activation and the proteasomal mediated survivin/XIAP degradation. Stable knowndown of Smad 2 and Smad 3 in FET colon cancer cells revealed that Smad 3 mediated PKA activation and was independent of Smad 2. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) appears to be downstream of the TGFβ mediated activation of PKA as the PP2A selective inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) rescued XIAP loss and AKT dephosphorylation while the PP1 selective inhibitor calyculin A did not. Further, both H89 and OA abrogated the ubiquitination of XIAP which accompanied TGFβ treatment. We report for the first time an association of XIAP and pAKT which is significantly regulated by TGFβ in a PKA dependent mechanism. Dissociation of the XIAP-pAKT complex also results in the dissociation of the XIAP-survivin complex in a PKA dependent manner. Metastatic (CBS and GEO) colon cancer cells showed little PKA mediated TGFβ effect on the IAP9s. However, complementary cell lines in which TGFβ signaling was restored by ectopic expression of TGFβ receptors inhibited their metastatic capability in orthotopic xenografts in association with TGFβ mediated reduction of the IAP9s as described above. The PKA scaffolding protein A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) is also required for the PKA complex mediated TGFβ downregulation of XIAP and survivin and AKT deactivation as the AKAP inhibitor Ht31 inhibits these effects. Identification of this novel transduceome provides a new platform for studying metastasis in colorectal cancer. If these TGFβ tumor suppressor effects can be mimicked in late stage tumors therapeutic values against metastatic CRC might be obtained. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3973.
Family Ecologies and Child Risk for Obesity: Focus on Regulatory Processes

Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem. The causes of obesity are complex and extend across biological and social ecologies. This article focuses on how proximal regulatory processes connect biological risk for obesity and family systems. Response to satiety, distress during feeding, organization of family routines, and exposure to food marketing are provided as examples of the complexity of risk for obesity. The article concludes with recommendations for practice and policy to prevent childhood obesity and to empower families to take an active role in their community.
CFD-Based Aeroelastic Analysis in Transonic Flow Regime

The aeroelastic instability behavior of the AGARD445.6 wing at transonic flight speed is investigated by using Finite Element-based unsteady CFD simulations and automated three-dimensional unstructured meshing. A general-purpose multidisciplinary computer program called STARS (Structural Analysis RoutineS), developed at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center is employed as the tool for this study. The computational results on flutter boundaries of the wing structure are compared with wind tunnel data, and have been found to be satisfactory.© 2004 ASME
Nursing Care at the Time of Death: A Bathing and Honoring Practice.

Purpose/objectives To explore family members' experience of a bathing and honoring practice after a loved one's death in the acute care setting. . Research approach A descriptive, qualitative design using a semistructured telephone interview script. . Setting The Inpatient Adult Oncology Unit at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital in California. . Participants 13 family members who participated in the bathing and honoring practice after their loved one's death on the oncology unit. . Methodologic approach Participants were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed by telephone three to six months after their loved one's death. Interviews using a semistructured script with open-ended questions were recorded, transcribed, verified, and analyzed using phenomenologic research techniques to identify common themes of experience. . Findings 24 first-level themes and 11 superordinate themes emerged from the data. All participants indicated that the bathing and honoring practice was a positive experience and supported the grieving process. The majority found the practice to be meaningful and stated that it honored their loved one. Many expressed that the bathing and honoring was spiritually significant in a nondenominational way and that they hope it will be made available to all families of patients who die in the hospital. . Conclusions After patient death, a bathing and honoring practice with family member participation is positive and meaningful, and it supports family members' initial grieving. . Interpretation This study is a first step toward establishing specific nursing interventions as evidence-based practice that can be incorporated in routine nursing care for patients and families at the end of life.
Analysis and precaution on SQL injection of J2EE application

To effectively detect and defend against SQL injection vulnerability in the J2EE Web applications,on the basis of a comprehensive summarizing the principle of SOL injection,potential damage is analyzed by the process of SQL injection attacks.Black box testing and white box testing can disclose certain defects in the existing SQL injection applications.Through using a precaution method,including shielding error message,distribution of least privilege,parameterized query,input validation and input escaping can effectively defend against SQL injection attack,which has higher practicability and security.
Fournier's Gangrene: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the General US Population.

Purpose: Case series reported 20-40% mortality rates for patients with Fournier's gangrene with some series as high as 88%. This literature comes almost exclusive
Analysis on Detection and Treatment Effect of Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Anren County from 2001 to 2010

Objective To analyze the detection and treatment effect of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Anren County where the "project" was used to implement the DOTS strategy,and to provide a scientific basis for sustained development of tuberculosis control. Methods The statements reported from 2001 to 2010 were statistically analyzed and evaluated by referencing to other literatures. Results A total of 11,817 suspected tuberculosis patients were treated in Anren County during a 10-year period,and the annual average consultation rate was 291.15/100,000.The number of sputum examination was 7,251,with the sputum examination rate of 61.36%.The number of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients detected was 1,880,and the annual average detection rate of smear-positive cases was 25.93%.The annual average registration rate of the new smear-positive cases was 46.32/100,000,among them,the initial and retreated smear-positive cases accounted for 89.04% and 10.96%,respectively.The rate of annual average sputum conversion after the 2-month intensive phase was 98.62%.The annual average cure rate of new smear-positive cases in the end of the treatment was 93.14%,among them,the initial and retreated smear-positive cases accounted for 93.56% and 89.95%,respectively. Conclusions Significant achievements have been made by using the "project" to control the epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis.The detection and treatment effect indexes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients show a qualitative change comparing to those in 10 yeas ago.
Fault Line Selection of Distribution Network Based on Time-frequency Correlation of Transient Zero-sequence Voltage-charge

For single-phase grounding faults in resonant earth systems,the zero-sequence voltage is linear with the zerosequence charge in healthy lines while there is no linear relationship in fault lines. A new approach based on the timefrequency correlation of transient zero-sequence voltage-charge was presented to detect the fault line in distribution network. The fault transient zero-sequence voltage-charge data of each lines are extracted for the last half of power cycle,which are then decomposed by the wavelet packet and reconstructed into different frequency bands. All frequency bands coefficients were divided into several time-frequency pieces which had the same time interval. The time-frequency matrix be obtained by calculating the amplitude of time-frequency pieces. Faulty line is detected by comparing the time-frequency matrix correlation coefficient of transient zero-sequence voltage-charge. A large number of simulation results show that the proposed approach is accurate and reliable.
The Economics of Spaceship Earth

There is a delightful cartoon showing two ETs in a spaceship. As they approach Earth, one says to the other: ‘You’ll like this place — it has atmosphere!’ Indeed, Earth is one of the few heavenly bodies with an atmosphere, and no other is like ours. Earth is also unique in having liquid water, lots of it, and dry land covered with a thin, but highly fertile layer of soil. How true is the statement: ‘Below that thin layer comprising the delicate organism known as the soil is a planet as lifeless as the moon’.1
Multicomponent reaction through cooperative trio catalysis incorporating enamine, Brønsted acid and metal Lewis acid catalysis: a concise route to access chromans.

An atom-economical multicomponent cascade reaction of salicylaldehydes, cyclohexanones and arylamines has been developed for the synthesis of three-ring fused chromans. This reaction was achieved through cooperative enamine–metal Lewis acid assisted Bronsted acid catalysis, furnishing the products in excellent yields with good diastereoselectivity.
Effect of Piracy on Adoption of Technological Innovation in the Entertainment Industry

Advances in technology have enabled producers of entertainment goods to reach customers in innovative ways. However, new technologies also make it easier for users to infringe on the content. Producers argue that piracy hurts their ability to innovate, while critics argue that piracy acts as a leveler and encourages consumer friendly innovation. In this paper, we explore the interplay of piracy and technology adoption based on a dynamic model. In this model, the firm always releases a physical product initially and has to make a decision on whether and when to adopt a newer digital platform to facilitate digital release. The new platform can help the producer target broader customer base, but can be costly and might lead to higher piracy level. We show that, when the cost for innovation adoption is small, the piracy in the existing channel has no effect on the timing of technology adoption. However, when this cost is sufficiently high, piracy in the existing channel will act as a competing force and lead to an earlier adoption of digital channel if a large number of users are willing to move to the new legal version at a full price. If not, piracy discourages and delays adoption. In addition, the piracy caused by new channel adoption can lead the monopolist to delay the adoption. Thus, only under specific conditions, does piracy create incentives to adopt innovations. In most case, piracy actually discourages the adoption of innovation. While we find that some level of piracy is beneficial to consumers, a higher level of piracy delays adoption of the digital platform, hurting overall consumer welfare.
Comparison of single-injection ultrasound-guided approach versus multilevel landmark-based approach for thoracic paravertebral blockade for breast tumor resection: a retrospective analysis at a tertiary care teaching institution.

BACKGROUND The role of thoracic paravertebral blockade (TPVB) in decreasing opioid requirements in breast cancer surgery is well documented, and there is mounting evidence that this may improve survival and reduce the rate of malignancy recurrence following cancer-related mastectomy. We compared the two techniques currently in use at our institution, the anatomic landmark-guided (ALG) multilevel versus an ultrasound-guided (USG) single injection, to determine an optimal technique. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who received TPVB from January 2013 to December 2014. Perioperative opioid use, post anesthesia care unit (PACU) pain scores and length of stay, block performance, and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS We found no statistical difference between the two approaches in the studied outcomes. We did find that the number of times attending physicians in the ALG group took over the blocks from residents was significantly greater than that of the USG group (p=0.006) and more local anesthetic was used in the USG group (p=0.04). CONCLUSION This study compared the ALG approach with the USG approach for patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. Based on our observations, an attending physician is more likely to take over an ALG injection, and more local anesthetic is administered during USG single injection.
Multimodality Treatment of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms

Objective Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are heterogeneous, uncommon lesions that can be treated in many fashions. Many previous series have focused on a specific aneurysm subset or treatment paradigm. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive approach for all PICA aneurysms and analyze outcomes by PICA location. Methods All PICA aneurysms treated from 2012 until present were reviewed retrospectively and classified by location. Angiographic and clinical outcome were assessed. Results We identified 30 patients (average age 56 years, female 76.7%, subarachnoid hemorrhage 83.3%) with 30 aneurysms (saccular 50.0%) who underwent 36 treatments. Locations included the vertebral artery–PICA junction: 8; anterior medullary (AM): 7; lateral medullary: 3; tonsillomedullary: 1; telovelotonsillar: 5; and cortical: 6. Treatments included clipping: 6; trapping: 2; coiling: 13; balloon-assisted coiling: 1; stent-assisted coiling: 1; flow diversion: 1; and endovascular parent vessel occlusion: 6. There were 3 procedural complications. Recurrence and retreatment rates were 23.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Retreatments included coiling: 1; clipping: 4; and bypass: 1. Seven patients had an associated cerebellar arteriovenous malformation, of whom 5 have undergone resection. Good clinical outcome was achieved in 43.3% at discharge and 84.6% at follow-up (average 10.7 months). Aneurysms distal to the AM segment were more likely to occur in older patients ( P = 0.007), with cerebellar arteriovenous malformations ( P = 0.031), and to be treated with parent vessel occlusion ( P = 0.001). Recurrences were more common for AM segment aneurysms ( P = 0.016). Poor outcome was associated with poor SAH grade ( P = 0.010), not aneurysm morphology ( P = 0.356), location ( P = 0.867), or treatment type ( P = 0.365). Conclusions Our 5-year modern experience highlights the diversity of PICA aneurysms and the need for multimodality paradigms to treat them successfully. The AM segment has the greatest rate of recurrence. Aggressive management is warranted given that the majority of patients can have a good neurologic outcome.