cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the refractive properties of media with poles or zeros in the index of refraction

The refractive properties of inhomogeneous fibers are examined with emphasis being placed on the limiting situation where the index of refraction possesses poles or zeros. If, e.g., the index of refraction is n(\xi) = \xi^{m}, \xi = r/a , where a is the radius of the fiber and m an arbitrary constant, it is found that energy integrability is satisfied if m > -1 . When m \leq -1 energy infinities occur. The ray behavior of such media is examined in terms of geometrical optics, and corrections to geometrical optics are obtained by an asymptotic analysis of the exact solution. For m > 0 , the lens is of the diverging type, and when the angle of incidence is \alpha = 0 , geometrical optics predicts that rays "reflect" at various angles from the origin (depending on the value of m ). When m , rays "wrap" around the origin several times with a zero radius of curvature before they leave the lens ( \alpha = 0 ). For -1 , it is found that when \alpha= [(2m + 1)/2m] \pi caustics occur ( \alpha = 0, \pi/2 excluded). Pictorial diagrams show the behavior of these caustics and the correction coefficients to geometrical optics are obtained.
Patterns of excitation-contraction coupling in arterioles: dependence on time and concentration

We sought to understand the excitation-contraction coupling process in arterioles. KCl or phenylephrine (PE) was applied via the superfusion solution or by brief pulsatile ejections from a micropip...
Psychosocial work factors in new or recurrent injuries among hospital workers: a prospective study

Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for psychosocial work factors in injury, but little is known about the interaction between psychosocial factors and previous injury experience on subsequent injury risk. We examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and new or recurrent injury among hospital workers. We studied 492 hospital workers including 116 cases with baseline injury and 376 injury-free referents at baseline over follow-up. Job strain, total support, effort–reward imbalance, overcommitment, and musculoskeletal injury at baseline were examined in logistic regression models as predictors of new or recurrent injury experienced during a 2-year follow-up period. The overall cumulative incidence of injury over follow-up was 35.6 % (51.7 % for re-injury among baseline injury cases; 30.6 % for new injury among referents). Significantly increased risks with baseline job strain (OR 1.26; 95 % CI 1.02–1.55) and effort–reward imbalance (OR 1.42; 95 % CI 1.12–1.81) were observed for injury only among the referents. Overcommitment was associated with increased risk of injury only among the cases (OR 1.58; 95 % CI 1.05–2.39). The effects of psychosocial work factors on new or recurrent injury risk appear to differ by previous injury experience, suggesting the need for differing preventive strategies in hospital workers.
Subtractive contact-patterning of molecular organic films

Abstract An array of optoelectronic applications requires micro- and nanoscale patterning of molecular organic films. A subtractive patterning technique is developed to define micron-sized features of nanometer range thickness on a variety of hole transporting and hole blocking materials. Lateral resolution of patterned features is controlled by micron-scale stamp shapes, while the removal of the patterned nanoscale film thicknesses (sub-10 nm to over 40 nm) is correlated to strength of interfacial and intermolecular forces. Using this process, a multi-color organic light-emitting device is fabricated, demonstrating the ability of contact patterning to manipulate organic molecular films on the micro- and nanoscales.
A power electronics unit to drive piezoelectric actuators for flying microrobots

This paper describes a power electronics unit (PEU) for an insect-scale flapping-wing robot. Three power saving techniques used in the actuator driver of the PEU — envelope tracking, dynamic common mode, and charge sharing — reduce power consumption while retaining weight benefits of an inductor-less linear driver. A pair of actuator driver ICs energize four 15nF capacitor loads, which represent the piezoelectric actuators of a flapping-wing robot. The PEU consumes 290mW, which translates to 37% lower power compared to a design without these power saving techniques.
Glutamate microinjections in cerebellar cortex reproduce cerebrovascular effects of parallel fiber stimulation

Electrical stimulation of cerebellar parallel fibers releases glutamate and increases local blood flow (BFcrb), an effect in part mediated by glutamate-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. We studied whether local microinjection of glutamate into the cerebellar cortex would produce increases in BFcrb comparable to those elicited by parallel fiber stimulation. In halothane-anesthetized rats equipped with a cranial window, glutamate was microinjected into the cerebellar molecular layer, and BFcrb was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Glutamate microinjections increased BFcrb dose dependently (2-200 pmol in 200 nl) (n = 9) and by 55 +/- 6% at 200 pmol (mean +/- SE). The magnitude and temporal profile of the increases in BFcrb compared favorably with the increase in flow produced by parallel fiber stimulation. The glutamate-induced BFcrb increase was attenuated by superfusion with the Na2+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (10 microM; -50 +/- 10%; n = 5; P 0.05; n = 6). We conclude that glutamate microinjections increase local BFcrb via activation of glutamate receptors. The glutamate-induced vasodilation is mediated, in part, by neurally derived NO. The striking similarities between the vascular responses evoked by parallel fiber stimulation and that produced by microinjection of glutamate support the hypothesis that the increase in BFcrb produced by parallel fiber stimulation is mediated by glutamate release and activation of glutamate receptors. The data also strengthen the hypothesis that glutamate and NO are important mediators in the mechanisms linking synaptic activity to BFcrb in cerebellar cortex.
Lawyer Finances-Principles and Practices for Personal and Professional Financial Success

Too few lawyers know the financial principles and practices that make for personal and professional success. Lawyers are good at many things necessary for law practice. They know the law and have the skills and identity to put the law to good use for their clients. They sometimes overlook, though, that their personal and professional finances can determine how long and effectively they are able to serve those clients. Finances can determine the success and failure of lawyers and their firms. Personal finances can make and break individual lawyers. When lawyers discern and follow sound financial principles and practices, they gain rewarding and sustaining peace of mind, purpose, stability, and security. Finances can also make and break firms. When the managing members of firms agree on and follow sound professional financial principles and practices, they lay and build a foundation for sustainable practice.This book introduces principles of personal and professional finance for lawyers. For lawyers personally, the subjects include financial statements and budgeting, risk management and insurance planning, and investment and retirement planning. For law firm financial management, the subjects include legal and capital structures, annual financial plans, balance sheets, working capital, operating statements, ratio analyses, and financial targets.Lawyers and law students who read this book should find encouraging confirmation of core commitments that they and others whom they trust have made and followed around finances. The principles and practices this book promotes are not a get-rich-quick scheme. They instead help lawyers prepare, plan, and practice wisely using modern methods made sound with the wisdom of the ages.
Meningeal Involvement as First Manifestation of Acute Myeloblastic Transformation in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia is presented with documented central nervous system myeloblastic transformation, while in hematologic remission. This transformation was confirmed by the demonstration of myeloblasts with the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome in the cerebrospinal fluid. The course of his illness was unusual in that the initial single manifestation of the acute myeloblastic transformation was an acute meningeal leukemia. Intrathecal Methotrexate treatment resulted in a remission for three months, following which general systemic involvement by acute myeloblastic leukemia ocurred.
The AHA Moment: Assessment of the Redox Stability of Ionic Liquids Based on Aromatic Heterocyclic Anions (AHAs) for Nuclear Separations and Electric Energy Storage.

Because of their extended conjugated bond network, aromatic compounds generally have higher redox stability than less saturated compounds. We conjectured that ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of aromatic heterocyclic anions (AHAs) may exhibit improved radiation and electrochemical stability. Such properties are important in applications of these ILs as diluents in radionuclide separations and electrolytes in the electric energy storage devices. In this study, we systematically examine the redox chemistry of the AHAs. Three classes of these anions have been studied: (i) simple 5-atom ring AHAs, such as the pyrazolide and triazolides, (ii) AHAs containing an adjacent benzene ring, and (iii) AHAs containing electron-withdrawing groups that were introduced to reduce their basicity and interaction with metal ions. It is shown that fragmentation in the reduced and oxidized states of these AHAs does not generally occur, and the two main products, respectively, are the H atom adduct and the imidyl radical. The latt...
Information Blockbusters and Stars - A Study of the Motion Pictures Industry

In the first part of the paper, we explore two alternative explanations for the role of stars in the movie business. The first approach is that informed insiders signal project quality by hiring an expensive star. The second is the "rent capture" hypothesis, namely, that stars receive their marginal value. The second part of the paper tests these hypotheses on a sample of movies produced in the early 90's. Means tests seems to support the industry notion that stars are associated with higher revenues. However, regression analysis only supports the notion that big budgets bring in more revenues, but not a higher return on investment. Stars do not seem to signal either revenues or return on investment. Revenues are also higher for sequels, for family oriented films, and for films that had more reviews. Return on investment is higher for G and PG rated movies, and is marginally higher for sequels. This set of results supports the "rent capture" hypothesis.
Pathways to the Production of Precipitating Hydrometeors and Tropical Cyclone Development

AbstractPathways to the production of precipitation in two cloud microphysics schemes available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are investigated in a scenario of tropical cyclone intensification. Comparisons of the results from the WRF Model simulations indicate that the variation in the simulated initial rapid intensification of an idealized tropical cyclone is due to the differences between the two cloud microphysics schemes in their representations of pathways to the formation and growth of precipitating hydrometeors. Diagnoses of the source and sink terms of the hydrometeor budget equations indicate that the major differences in the production of hydrometeors between the schemes are in the spectral definition of individual hydrometeor categories and spectrum-dependent microphysical processes, such as accretion growth and sedimentation. These differences lead to different horizontally averaged vertical profiles of net latent heating rate associated with significantly different horiz...
The Early History of the Court

The history of the juvenile court precedes its formal beginnings in the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899. This article traces key trends in the early history of the court, beginning with the founding of separate penal institutions for children in the 1820s and ending with the development of critical analyses of court practice in the 1930s. The Illinois statute distinguished between delinquent and dependent youths. However, early nineteenth-century intervention typically did not make such a distinction: children convicted of crimes and children who were abandoned, abused, or simply very poor were often housed in the same institutions. Both criminal behavior and poverty were viewed as threats to the social order. In the second half of the nineteenth century, efforts were made to treat dependent and delinquent children differently. Private sectarian agencies were founded to remove noncriminal youths from their homes or the almshouses and "place them out," often either with families in other states or in industrial schools. The reform efforts behind the passage of the Illinois statute were intended to create improvements in the institutions that intervened on behalf of children. Reformers showed little concern for the procedures used in these interventions, and the resulting statutory language provides few procedural guidelines. Nineteenth-century practice had focused on assessing the children who came before the court for their fitness for rehabilitation and de-emphasized the adjudication of the offense itself. This practice continued after the development of the juvenile court at the turn of the century. The model for ideal juvenile court judicial practice--epitomized by judge Ben Lindsey of the Denver, Colorado, court--called for a rapport between judge and child and the personal involvement of the judge in the child's reformation. This personal treatment, though popular, came at the expense of the child's due process rights. The movement in the early twentieth century to involve mental health professionals in this rehabilitation diminished the court's direct involvement but did nothing to address procedural inadequacies. These were finally resolved in the due process cases of the 1960s and 1970s.
Tissue culture in the laboratory diagnosis of viral infections.

The use of both rhesus monkey kidney and human fetal diploid cell cultures for attempts to isolate virus from human clinical specimens recovered approximately 30% more isolates from fecal, throat, skin lesion, and tissue specimens than were recovered in a single cell culture system. The sensitivities of the two cell types for isolation of viruses in the major groups infecting man are compared. The use of both BS-C-1 and RK-13 cells yielded approximately 25% more rubella virus isolates than were recovered in a single cell system. Procedures such as the establishment of cell cultures from tissues suspected of harboring viruses, cocultivation of cells from biopsy or autopsy specimens with other cell types, and the use of organ cultures, have in certain situations resulted in greater sensitivity for recovery of viruses. Micro cell culture tests have been devised for virus identification and antibody assays; these are far more economical than conventional tests in terms of reagents, space requirements, and personnel time. Methods have been developed for the production of higher-titered viral serologic antigens in cell culture systems.
The Flow Field of a Dynamically Pitching Finite Span S809 Blade and its Control

The ultimate purpose of this study is to improve the lifetime of wind turbine blades and to reduce costs associated with replacing damaged blades, such that wind energy can compete more economically. The specific goal of this paper is to understand the flow field around a dynamically pitching finite span wind turbine blade and subsequently reduce any unsteady loading by controlling the flow field around the blade using synthetic jet actuators. Experiments were conducted at a Reynolds number of 220,000, where the aerodynamic forces and moments were measured using a six-component load cell and the flow field was measured using Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV). Force measurements showed that unsteady loading was present during a dynamic pitch and this unsteady loading can be either enhanced (at low momentum coefficients) or reduced (at high momentum coefficients) through active flow control. SPIV measurements showed that there is a sudden change of the separation point from the trailing edge to the leading edge within a small range of angles of attack when dynamic stall happens. This phenomenon can be either delayed to a higher angle of attack or mitigated depending on the momentum coefficient. The baseline flow field around a 2-D and a 3-D model is also compared, and the flow at the mid-span though can be considered nominally 2-D for both models; however, there are major differences in the flow fields for both cases which can be attributed to tip vibration of the 3-D model.
Residues on Oranges Resulting from the Use of DDT, Parathion, Phosdrin, and TDE for the Control of Orange worms

The residual behavior of DDT, parathion, Phosdrin® (1-rnethoxycarbonyl-1-propen-2-yl dimethyl phosphate), and TDE on oranges following treatment designed for the control of various orange worms has been studied. It was determined that a 2-week waiting period between treatment and harvest will result in residues well below the existing tolerance levels.
Concealing Communities Within the Crowd: Hiding Organizational Identities and Brokering Member Identifications of the Yelp Elite Squad

This study investigates organizational identity and member identification in a hidden organization operating within a crowd-based collective. Specifically, it draws from Scott’s hidden organization framework to examine the role of the Yelp Elite Squad, an invitation-only organization that receives access to free monthly parties and other rewards organized by a local employee of Yelp. Analyses of qualitative interviews and participant observation indicate that through limited information, restricted channels of communication, and framing participation as “community,” Yelp is able to conceal the Elite Squad organizational identity from both the public as well as members of the Elite Squad. Further analysis reveals tensions emerging from expressing and suppressing organizational identification among members of the Elite Squad. Finally, Yelp is shown to broker (in)visibilities of the Elite Squad with local businesses to create value for the organization.
Actor Replacement as a Pseudo-Natural Experiment in the Value of Human Capital -- Evidence from Broadway Shows

Much work in finance strategy and economics has tried to assess the value of key personnel to an organization or an enterprise. Much of the testing has been done in the context of movies and most of that work failed to find a correlation between the ex-ante inclusion of a star and the financial success of a film project. Work in other areas finds mixed results.The theater provides a quasi-natural experiment setting for testing the direct impact of key personnel changes. Shows routinely turn-over actors in lead roles for a variety of reasons. All elements of the show remain in place, including the director, the script, other actors and the physical theater environment and only an actor is switched.Our analysis focuses on transitions between top featured cast members. We consider various measures of success just before and just after the change in cast. We also characterize the performers in various ways, and control for the attributes of the show, as well as for team characteristics.We find that only the most talented theater stars affect the financial success of theater shows, supporting the MacDonald (1988) version of the superstar hypothesis. A transition from a “non-star” to a “star” results in higher ticket prices and higher revenues. However, celebrities and well known stars from other fields of the performing arts do not seem to have a significant effect on prices or revenues. Teams are important, and a departure of a team or someone who had worked with the current cast before is detrimental to the performance of the show. Seasonal effects are important as well.
Investigating Correlation between Protein Sequence Similarity and Semantic Similarity Using Gene Ontology Annotations

Sequence similarity is a commonly used measure to compare proteins. With the increasing use of ontologies, semantic (function) similarity is getting importance. The correlation between these measures has been applied in the evaluation of new semantic similarity methods, and in protein function prediction. In this research, we investigate the relationship between the two similarity methods. The results suggest absence of a strong correlation between sequence and semantic similarities. There is a large number of proteins with low sequence similarity and high semantic similarity. We observe that Pearson's correlation coefficient is not sufficient to explain the nature of this relationship. Interestingly, the term semantic similarity values above 0 and below 1 do not seem to play a role in improving the correlation. That is, the correlation coefficient depends only on the number of common GO terms in proteins under comparison, and the semantic similarity measurement method does not influence it. Semantic similarity and sequence similarity have a distinct behavior. These findings are of significant effect for future works on protein comparison, and will help understand the semantic similarity between proteins in a better way.
Digital modulation and achievable information rates of thru-body haptic communications

The ever increasing biocompatibility and pervasive nature of wearable and implantable devices demand novel sustainable solutions to realize their connectivity, which can impact broad application scenarios such as in the defense, biomedicine, and entertainment fields. Where wireless electromagnetic communications are facing challenges such as device miniaturization, energy scarcity, limited range, and possibility of interception, solutions not only inspired but also based on natural communication means might result into valid alternatives. In this paper, a communication paradigm where digital information is propagated through the nervous system is proposed and analyzed on the basis of achievable information rates. In particular, this paradigm is based on an analytical framework where the response of a system based on haptic (tactile) information transmission and ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG)-based reception is modeled and characterized. Computational neuroscience models of the somatosensory signal representation in the brain, coupled with models of the generation and propagation of somatosensory stimulation from skin mechanoreceptors, are employed in this paper to provide a proof-of-concept evaluation of achievable performance in encoding information bits into tactile stimulation, and decoding them from the recorded brain activity. Based on these models, the system is simulated and the resulting data are utilized to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, which is finally used to provide a proof-of-concept validation of the system performance in terms of information rates against bit error probability at the reception.
Resilience by Teaming: Internal Resource Network Design, Flow Management, and Resource Control Protocols

Supply network agents transform flow received from their predecessors into output flow by executing a series of internal processes. These agents require a set of internal resources \(r \in R_{a}\) which are oftentimes arranged in a network configuration under central control of agent \(a\). Internal resources are classified in processes, i.e., resources that transform local input flow into local output flow, and storages, responsible for temporal stowage of flow to balance flow rate fluctuations. Internal resource network resilience can be enabled by design and flow control protocol decisions. As found among reviewed articles in Sects. 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, resilience can be built-in by embedding excess capacity and storage. However, these strategies entail one-time costs, e.g., equipment purchase and installation, and operation costs, e.g., energy consumption and maintenance, and need to be utilized efficiently to increase resilience in a sustainable manner. To this end, the principle of Fault-tolerance by Teaming from CCT lays the foundation to leverage weaker, thus less costly, resources to achieve a performance equal to, or better than, that achievable by a single flawless, and costlier, resource. Team formation in internal resource networks (IRNs) is influenced by parameters selected at the design stage and decisions made in real-time based on available status information. Design choices define limits to the ability of flow control protocols to re-parameterize an IRN in order to protect resources at risk of disruptions. The following sections present design guidelines and a flow control protocol to achieve resilient operation of internal resource networks.
Spatial Dominance and Food Success in Cichlid and Centrarchid Fishes

Nine fish from the cichlid family and nine fish from the centrarchid family were established as residents of a community aquarium. Independent judges recorded initiators and recipients of agonistic behaviors and also the identity of fish obtaining preferred foods that were systematically released in the tank. Cichlids were more often found to be spatially dominant, while centrarchids were more likely to obtain preferred foods. Weight was related to spatial dominance within species, but not between species. Weight was not correlated with food success.
‘Politics is social work with power’: training social workers for elected office

AbstractTraining social workers for leadership roles in electoral campaigns and political offices increases the profession’s effectiveness in promoting public policy that reflects our professional values and commitment to social justice. This research describes and evaluates an educational experience in the US that prepares social work practitioners and students to run for elected office; to work in leadership positions at the local, state, and federal levels; and serve as effective advocates for social change. Participants’ plans for future political engagement before and after the training were compared. Following the training, participants are more likely to plan to be politically active in general. Their intentions to work on campaigns, run for office, and engage with elected officials increased. These results can inform education in other social work settings.
Skin replacement products and markets

Abstract: The skin replacement marketplace is becoming an increasingly complex environment as both the number of problems and number of solutions are growing. The future needs for skin replacement, specifically, and wound care, generally, are likely to be significantly greater than they are today owing to demographic and epidemiological trends. The development of technologically advanced skin substitutes and wound management systems has been driven, in large part, by industry. The commercial success of various products has been modest compared to the market size. Future research and development may be impeded by the length of the FDA-approval process which increases the cost of the various products and limits investor enthusiasm.
Arabic Word Segmentation for Better Unit of Analysis

The Arabic language has a very rich morphology where a word is composed of zero or more prefixes, a stem and zero or more suffixes. This makes Arabic data sparse compared to other languages, such as English, and consequently word segmentation becomes very important for many Natural Language Processing tasks that deal with the Arabic language. We present in this paper two segmentation schemes that are morphological segmentation and Arabic TreeBank segmentation and we show their impact on an important natural language processing task that is mention detection. Experiments on Arabic TreeBank corpus show 98.1% accuracy on morphological segmentation and 99.4% on morphological segmentation. We also discuss the importance of segmenting the text; experiments show up to 6F points improvement of the mention detection system performance when morphological segmentation is used instead of not segmenting the text. Obtained results also show up to 3F points improvement is achieved when the appropriate segmentation style is used.
Giambattista Vico, aphorism, and aphoristic machines

In order to think the simultaneously idealist and realist qualities of the thought of Giambattista Vico, this article considers the axioms of Book I of the Scienza nuova (1730) in the context of li...
Advanced computational simulations of water waves interacting with wave energy converters

Wave energy converter (WEC) devices harness the renewable ocean wave energy and convert it into useful forms of energy, e.g. mechanical or electrical. This paper presents an advanced 3D computation...
Travel distance: Impact on stage of presentation and treatment choices in head and neck cancer.

Abstract Objectives The objective was to examine the impact of travel distance on stage of presentation and treatment choices in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the rural setting. Methods 6029 cases diagnosed from 2002 to 2011 were obtained from the state cancer registry. Travel time was calculated to the nearest academic medical centers, otolaryngologist, and radiation treatment facilities. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of travel time with stage of presentation as well as the likelihood of appropriate therapy after adjustment for other demographic variables. Results Patients in the highest quartile for travel distance to academic centers were 33% more likely to present with early stage disease (p = 0.02), and 42% more likely to receive appropriate surgical therapy for oral cavity cancer. Patients were 70% more likely to receive appropriate surgery if they were farthest from the nearest radiation center (p = 0.03). Proximity to otolaryngology care was not significant. Conclusion Increased travel distance to academic medical centers is associated with increased likelihood of proper therapy for surgically treated tumors of the head and neck. Impact on these findings on improvements in access to care is discussed.
The Nature of Dementia

The last half of the twentieth century has seen the growth of a remarkable awareness of health care, both in terms of needs and research. Many conditions that resulted in slow and painful death in past generations are now made more tolerable by drugs or surgery, whereas some are treatable to the extent that their progress is halted or slowed, and a few are now curable. These last conditions, however, are restricted almost exclusively to diseases with known causes and/or major research efforts.
Sensory Marketing, Embodiment, and Grounded Cognition: Implications for Consumer Behavior

There has been a recent swell of interest in marketing as well as psychology pertaining to the role of sensory experiences in judgment and decision making. Within marketing, the field of sensory marketing has developed which explores the role of the senses in consumer behavior. In psychology, the dominant computer metaphor of information processing has been challenged by researchers demonstrating various manners in which mental activity is grounded in sensory experience. These findings are arduous to explain using the amodal model of the human mind. In this introduction, we first delineate key assumptions of the information processing paradigm and then discuss some of the key conceptual challenges posed by the research generally appearing under the titles of embodiment, grounded cognition, or sensory marketing. We then address the use of bodily feelings as a source of information; next, we turn to the role of context sensitive perception, imagery, and simulation in consumer behavior, and finally discuss the role of metaphors. Through this discourse, we note the contributions to the present special issue as applicable.
Autotransplantation von Pankreasfragmenten an total pankreatektomierten Hunden unter Verzicht auf Trennung von exo- und endokrinem Gewebe

Es wurde wiederholt nachgewiesen, das ein experimentell induzierter Diabetes mellitus bei Laboratoriumsnagetieren durch Autooder Allotransplantation isolierter Langerhans’scher Inseln gebessert werden kann — Literaturubersicht bei (5). Nur sporadische Berichte existieren uber erfolgreiche Inseltransplantationen an groseren Tieren, wohl weil die an Nagetieren so erfolgreichen Methoden der Inselgewinnung bei hoheren Spezies problematisch anzuwenden sind.
A Pilot Randomized Trial of a Mindfulness-informed Intervention for Child Welfare-involved Families

Families exposed to maltreatment have high rates of co-occurring substance misuse. Yet, few child welfare interventions concurrently address both child maltreatment and parental substance misuse and, therefore, fail to intervene around their shared precipitants. Mindfulness is one approach that shows promise in cultivating awareness and self-regulation skills, which may in turn promote healthy family functioning. This pilot study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the initial efficacy of a six-session mindfulness-informed intervention on proximal (parenting stress, heart rate variability, coping, and mindfulness) and distal (parental substance misuse, child maltreatment potential, and child behavior) domains of family functioning. Participants included 28 child welfare-involved parents with children (birth-16 years) randomized to the mindfulness-informed intervention or wait-list control group. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses were conducted on the entire randomized sample for all self-report outcome measures, and repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted as secondary analyses on the per protocol sample (N = 21) for heart rate variability. ITT analyses indicated significant group by time differences, with intervention participants demonstrating reductions in parenting stress (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.98), child abuse potential (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.03), and child behavior problems (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 3.28), and improvements in mindfulness awareness (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.37) and non-judgment (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.21) compared to the control group from pre- to post-assessment. In addition, repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant group by time differences on participant heart rate variability from pre- to post-assessment (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.67). Future directions for child welfare practice and intervention development and testing are discussed.
Reconceptualizing interorganizational collaborations as tensile structures: Implications of conveners’ proactive tension management

ABSTRACTConveners, as the main organizers of complex inter-organizational collaborations (IOCs), experience tensions as they make decisions based on collaborators’ competing interests and ideas. Th...
Some Psychophysiologic Effects of Electrical Transcranial Stimulation (Electrosleep)

Russian scientists have been using forms of electrical transcranial stimulation (ETS) or “electrosleep” in clinical and research studies for over 20 years. Reviewing the Russian literature with respect to the electrophysiologic effects of ETS leaves much to be desired in the specificity of stimulus parameters and the exact nature of the criterion measures. This is not to gainsay the massive amount of Russian work in this area but merely to point out that this lack of specificity, probably suffering through the translation process, leaves us unsure of the objective validity of possible electrophysiologic effects.
Don't Judge a Wine by Its Closure: Price Premiums for Corks in the U.S. Wine Market

For many purchases, consumers often possess only limited information about product quality. Thus, observable product characteristics are used to determine expected quality levels when making purchase decisions. We use more than 1 million weekly scanner-level observations from grocery stores across ten U.S. markets between September 2009 and August 2012 to examine how consumers value a wine bottle's closure type (i.e., cork or screw cap). We focus on lower-priced wines—those with sale prices less than $30 per 750 milliliter bottle—to more accurately evaluate decisions of consumers for whom seeking additional information about wine quality is likely more costly than the benefits derived from that information. Using both pooled ordinary least squares and quantile regressions to estimate price premiums for bottles with corks or screw caps, we find that U.S. consumers are willing to pay, on average, approximately 8% more (about $1.00) for a bottle of wine that has a cork closure. In addition, we show that the size of this premium increases as wine prices decline. (JEL Classifications: D81, M31, Q11)
Abstract 5234: Epigenetic control of heparanase expression through CRISPR/dCas9

Heparanase is the only known enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Pathological expression of heparanase at abnormal levels can contribute to the development of various diseases. In our research, directed by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, the promoter region of heparanase was successfully and specifically targeted with screened and combined single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Linking dCas9 with different histone modification enzymes (eg. P300, hHDAC3, LSD1), the expression of heparanase was successfully up- or down-regulated through acetylation, deacetylation and demethylation. This approach allows us to tune heparanase expression in various cell lines on demand, enabling the study of heparanase activity in real time. Citation Format: Guihua Zeng, Fu-Sen Liang, Lina Cui. Epigenetic control of heparanase expression through CRISPR/dCas9 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5234.
Protein profiling and pseudo-parallel reaction monitoring to monitor a fusion-associated conformational change in hemagglutinin

Influenza infection requires viral escape from early endosomes into the cytosol, which is enabled by an acid-induced irreversible conformational transformation in the viral protein hemagglutinin. Despite the direct relationship between this conformational change and infectivity, label-free methods for characterizing this and other protein conformational changes in biological mixtures are limited. While the chemical reactivity of the protein backbone and side-chain residues is a proxy for protein conformation, coupling this reactivity to quantitative mass spectrometry is a challenge in complex environments. Herein, we evaluate whether electrophilic amidination coupled with pseudo-parallel reaction monitoring is an effective label-free approach to detect the fusion-associated conformational transformation in recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA). We identified rHA peptides that are differentially amidinated between the pre- and post-fusion states, and validated that this difference relies upon the fusion-associated conformational switch. We further demonstrate that we can distinguish the fusion profile in a matrix of digested cellular lysate. This fusion assay can be used to evaluate fusion competence for modified HA. Graphical abstract.
Facet-selective adsorption of Fe(II) on hematite visualized by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry

Facet-specific reactivity of metal oxide particles is a well-known but at times difficult to probe phenomenon. Furthermore, in semiconductor metal oxides where crystal facets enclosing particles are electrically connected, separating them to enable detailed characterization defeats the purpose; the study of intact individual crystallites is necessary. Here we develop a mass-sensitive imaging approach to do so, and demonstrate its potential by unveiling the preferential binding of Fe(II) to various surfaces of the Fe(III) oxide hematite. Using isotopic tracers to follow iron provenance, 56Fe-hematite microplatelets with various enclosing facets are reacted with aqueous 57Fe(II) at circumneutral pH. The resulting distribution of 57Fe across the hematite surfaces is directly visualized and quantified using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). The results unambiguously show Fe(II) sorption is highly selective for the basal (001) surface, while edge surfaces such as (012) and (110) are enriched to a lesser extent (up to 10× lower). Crystal intergrowth defects exposing poorly-ordered, nanoscale surface structures show the least enrichment. These results resolving Fe(II)–Fe(III) reaction fronts across multi-facetted crystals provide a clear correlation between uptake and particle surface structure. The illustrated approach to understanding facet-specific ion uptake is also likely generalizable to other interfacial processes such as electron transfer and heterogeneous catalysis, across a broad range of particle and thin-film based systems.
Integrating the basic sciences in medical curricula: focus on the basic scientists.

Basic science educators are not trained as clinicians, yet are expected to adjust their content to mesh appropriately with its clinical application. While achievable, this is a challenge that requi...
EU Health Law and Policy: The Expansion of EU Power in Public Health and Health Care

In any circumstances this book would be one of the best works on European Union health policy and law, and a notable contribution to research on law and society or the European Union in general In the circumstances of COVID-19 it is also one of the most important Anniek de Ruijter's book is almost the only work of law or social science scholarship to explain European Union communicable disease control policy and politics That makes the book necessary reading for those interested in learning what the European Union did and might do in public health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, or why it was so seemingly invisible early in the pandemic
Have We Met the Vision of Engineering 2020 and What is Our Vision for 2040

In this special session, we will reflect back on the early years of the 21st century, when much had been written about the future of engineering and engineering education. There had been global calls on changing the culture of engineering in the new century. In 2004, the National Academy of Engineering published the consensus report titled, The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. The accompanying report came out the following year, with the title, Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century. The first one envisioned the future, and the second one explained how we prepare for that future. As we entered the year 2020, it is now time to look back, review, and reflect: Have we met the vision of engineer 2020? This session will promote thought-provoking, reflective thinking about the past and visionary thinking about the future of engineering education.
18 Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for differentiation of renal tumors in hereditary kidney cancer syndromes

To assess differences in FDG-PET/CT uptake among four subtypes of renal tumors: clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary type I and II RCC (pRCC), and oncocytoma. This retrospective study investigated 33 patients with 98 hereditary renal tumors. Lesions greater than 1 cm and patients with a timeframe of less than 18 months between preoperative imaging and surgery were considered. FDG-PET/CT images were independently reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to clinical information. Volumetric lesion SUVmean was measured and used to calculate a target-to-background ratio respective to liver (TBR). The Shrout-Fleiss intra-class correlation coefficient was used to assess reliability between readers. A linear mixed effects model, accounting for within-patient correlations, was used to compare TBR values of primary renal lesions with and without distant metastasis. The time interval between imaging and surgery for all tumors had a median of 77 (Mean: 139; Range: 1–512) days. Intra-class reliability of mean TBR resulted in a mean κ score of 0.93, indicating strong agreement between the readers. The mixed model showed a significant difference in mean TBR among the subtypes (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences between pRCC type II and ccRCC (p < 0.0001), pRCC type II and pRCC type I (p = 0.0001), and pRCC type II and oncocytoma (p = 0.0016). Furthermore, a significant difference in FDG uptake was present between primary pRCC type II renal lesions with and without distant metastasis (p = 0.023). pRCC type II lesions demonstrated significantly higher FDG activity than ccRCC, pRCC type I, or oncocytoma. These findings indicate that FDG may prove useful in studying the metabolic activity of renal neoplasms, identifying lesions of highest clinical concern, and ultimately optimizing active surveillance, and personalizing management plans.
Assessment of Perceptions of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Endodontic Treatment in a Military Population.

Abstract Introduction Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging has had a significant impact in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Previous studies have investigated provider attitudes and the use of CBCT technology, but little is known about patients’ perceptions of the use of CBCT imaging in endodontics. This study assessed the perceptions of patients within a military population regarding the application of CBCT imaging for endodontic treatment. Methods One hundred three consecutive, volunteer patients who were treated in a military dental treatment facility and prescribed a CBCT study according to the American Association of Endodontists/American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology guidelines were given a Likert-type survey that recorded an initial level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of CBCT in endodontics. After standardized patient education in the form of a 2-minute video presentation describing the applications and risks associated with CBCT technology, CBCT volumes were acquired. A second survey was administered to record the patients’ perceptions of the benefits and risks associated with CBCT imaging. Results After the video, 75% of the participants had a more positive opinion of CBCT technology; 56% felt that CBCT imaging was essential, and 44% felt it was beneficial. Fifty percent of the participants reported CBCT imaging having less radiation than they previously thought, whereas 11% thought it was more radiation. A total of 85% would seek out a provider who uses CBCT imaging if treatment is needed in the future. Conclusions When presented with basic information, most patients within a military population perceive CBCT imaging to have an important role in endodontic treatment.