cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Displacement Reaction between Fe and CU2O at Temperatures between 800 and 1050 C.

The products of the displacement reaction between solid iron and Cu2O in the temperature range of 800 to 1050°C are solid copper, wustite and magnetite. The product oxide in contact with the iron phase is in the form of rods embedded in a matrix of copper. A thin layer of copper separates the oxide rods from the Cu2O phase. The rates of growth of the product phases are controlled by solid-state counterdiffusion of oxygen and iron through the product phases, except for the initial stage of the reaction. A previously developed kinetic model for the diffusion-controlled growth of the product phases is employed to calculate the rates of growth of each of the product phases. Theoretical values of growth rates are in excellent agreement with experimental values for temperatures above 950°C. Below 950°C, the mechanism for the growth of the magnetite phase changes, which yields marked differences between the experimental and theoretical rates of growth. The mechanism for the displacement reaction below 950°C has not been determined.
Have Elephant Seals Refuted Aristotle? Nature, Function, and Moral Goodness

An influential strand of neo-Aristotelianism, represented by writers such as Philippa Foot, holds that moral virtue is a form of natural goodness in human beings, analogous to deep roots in oak trees or keen vision in hawks. Critics, however, have argued that such a view cannot get off the ground, because the neo-Aristotelian account of natural normativity is untenable in light of a Darwinian account of living things. This criticism has been developed most fully by William Fitzpatrick in his book Teleology and the Norms of Nature. In this paper, I defend the neo-Aristotelian account of natural normativity, focusing on Fitzpatrick’s arguments. I argue that a natural goodness view is not impugned by an evolutionary account. Nor can neo-Aristotelian life form judgments be replaced by an evolutionary view of living things.
Maintenance of Coronary Patency After Fibrinolysis With Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Background Pharmacological coronary fibrinolysis induces procoagulant effects that contribute to delayed recanalization and early reocclusion. This study was designed to determine whether brief inhibition of activation of the coagulation cascade with tissue factor pathway inhibitor, a physiological inhibitor of activated factor X and its activation by the tissue factor/factor VII complex, would facilitate fibrinolysis, sustain patency of recanalized arteries, or both. Methods and Results Platelet-rich coronary thrombi were induced with anodal current that elicited intimal injury in 21 conscious dogs. Each was randomized to human recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA 1.0 mg/kg IV over 1 hour) with infusion of 50 μg · kg−1 · min−1 of human recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (rTFPI, n=7), 100 μg · kg−1 · min−1 of rTFPI (n=8), or 300 mmol/L arginine phosphate buffer as a control (n=6) concomitant with and for 1 hour after infusion of the plasminogen activator. Recanalization, verified with proximal Doppler flow probes, occurred in all but 1 dog given the high dose of rTFPI. It was not accelerated by conjunctive rTFPI. Reocclusion occurred within 90 minutes after infusion of rTPA in all 6 control dogs. However, reocclusion was delayed and patency was sustained for the entire 24-hour observation interval in 2 of 6 dogs (excluding 1 that did not survive) given the low dose and in 4 of 6 dogs (excluding 1 that did not receive the desired amount) given the high dose of rTFPI ( P <.05 compared with controls). Cyclic flow variations indicative of platelet aggregation and disaggregation locally were virtually eliminated by rTFPI (3±4[SD]/h in dogs given the low dose and 2±2/h in those given the high dose of rTFPI compared with 13±12/h in controls, P <.05). In addition, rTFPI increased activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time only at the high dose (1.4±0.3 and 2.1±0.9 times baseline) and had no effects on platelet aggregation assayed ex vivo and only minimal effects on bleeding time assayed in vivo. Conclusions Brief inhibition of the coagulation system by administration of rTFPI sustains patency of arteries recanalized by pharmacological fibrinolysis without markedly perturbing hemostatic mechanisms.
Abstract 4075: Tolfenamic Acid Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cells Growth and Tumor Development in Orthotopic Mice

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Introduction: Transcription factors, Specificity proteins (Sp) play a critical role in growth and metastasis of cancer and there is clear evidence that Sp1 expression is a negative prognostic factor for survival in some cancer patients. Sp proteins regulate the expression of several genes, including PSA gene and c-Met which are associated with prostate cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, tolfenamic acid (TA) induces the degradation of specific Sp proteins (Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4) which play critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. Sp proteins also regulate the expression of survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis gene family which is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in several cancers. We have evaluated the anti-cancer activity of TA in prostate cancer. Methods and Results: Human prostate cancer cells (PC-3, DU-145 and LNcaP) were grown in the presence of DMSO (vehicle) or various concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µM) of TA and cell number and viability were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment. Cell viability was measured using Cell Titr Glo kit (Promega) and the experiments were performed in triplicate. Cell lysates were prepared from the cells exposed to DMSO or 50 µM TA for 48 h and evaluated the expression of Sp proteins (Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4), and c-Met through Western blot analysis. For in vivo studies nude mice were injected with PC-3 Luc cells into the right prostate. Treatment (vehicle or 50 mg/kg TA/2 days) was initiated after one week and tumor growth was continuously monitored through Kodak imaging system. 4 weeks after the treatment tumors were isolated, measured and processed for immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of Sp proteins and c-Met. In vitro studies show a significant decrease in the cell proliferation and viability and these results are dose and time dependent in all the cell lines. Furthermore, TA treatment for 48 h significantly decreased the expression of Sp1, Sp3 and c-Met in PC-3 cells. In vivo studies revealed that TA significantly decreased the tumor weight and volume which was associated with a low expression of Sp1, Sp3 and c-Met in tumor sections as evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Targeting key transcription factors such as Sp proteins using a small molecule compound, TA is a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer and our results are very crucial in the development of a safe, cost effective drug for the treatment of this devastating disease. Studies to test the effect of TA on critical genes associated with prostate cancer and TA's impact on developing higher response to radiation therapy are underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4075.
A proposed classification of vaginal anomalies and their surgical correction

A classification of vaginal anomalies has been derived, which permits logical operative decisions. This tool allows the assignment of increasingly involved reconstructive operations to progressively more complex vaginal anatomies. The outcome of this approach in 49 vaginal reconstructions performed in 36 patients over a 25-year period has been analyzed. The cause was found to be congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 21 patients, gonadal dysgenesis in four, and cloaca in two; nine children had other causes. Based on the following anatomic classification and the authors' clinical experience, the following approaches to reconstruction can be recommended. Eight infants with labial fusion (type I) underwent simple introitoplasty. Fourteen patients with distal urogenital sinus (type II) underwent flap vaginoplasty using labioscrotal tissue and/or a posteriorly based flap. Pull-through vaginoplasty was used in 10 children with distal vaginal atresia and proximal urethrovaginal fistula (type III). Four patients with absence of the vagina (type IV) required segmental colon vaginoplasty. Thirteen revisions have been required in nine patients thus far. The follow-up period is 1 to 17 years, and despite the need for reoperation, all but two patients have excellent or satisfactory results based on anatomic and functional considerations. The choice for and timing of vaginal reconstruction rests on precise anatomic evaluation. The complexity of vaginal reconstruction in the growing child and the essentiality of psychosocial adjustment to appropriate sexual identity and function mandate long-term comprehensive follow-up. Optimal care for each patient requires experience and continuity to take the child through diagnosis, surgical reconstruction, stressful adolescence, and into adulthood with full attention to anatomic, physiological, and psychological support.
Assesement of young children

Abstract Discusses important issues and problems related to the assessment of young children. A review of the literature identifies major trends in the field of assessment in early childhood education. Authors conclude that with increased emphasis on assessment of young children, there is an increased need to develop teachers' skills in both selection and interpretation of appropriate formal and informal assessment techniques.
Effect of Mushroom Mycelium Growth on Population Development of Lycoriella mali, Nematodes, and Mites in Compost

Lycoriella mali (Fitch) populations were exposed to mushroom compost that contained mushroom mycelium growth of various ages to determine whether the suitability of the compost for fly development was affected. It was found that unspawned compost was infested by flies and other invertebrate pests and that the more the compost was colonized by mushroom mycelium, the fewer the L. mali produced. The reduction in flies was greatest after 12 days of mycelium growth. The type of compost apparently affected its suitability for fly development. Also, freshly made compost was less suitable for L. mali than aged compost. Large numbers of mites and nematodes were associated with fly infestations. This demonstration of the vulnerability of uncolonized mushroom compost to invertebrate pest attack could explain the variation in pest populations among different mushroom-growing facilities.
Colorimetric determination of hydralazine hydrochloride with 9-methoxyacridine

Abstract A colorimetric assay for hydralazine hydrochloride based on the interaction of the drug with 9-methoxyacridine is described. The highly colored substituted 9-aminoacridine product shows an absorption maximum at 455 nm. Color development is affected by time of heating or standing at ambient temperature and by the quantity of acridine reagent used. The method will determine hydralazine in the 0.1–12 μg/ml range with good accuracy and precision. It can be used to analyze for hydralazine hydrochloride concentration in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Writing Mode in the Articulation of Language and Literature Classes: Theory and Practice

ACCORDING TO THE FALL, 1989, MLA NEWSletter, one of the most pressing issues facing language departments today involves the need for articulation between levels of study. This call for improved sequencing of courses derives largely from the less-than-satisfactory situation at many colleges and universities, where students seem to experience difficulty moving successfully from one level to the next, more specifically when moving from the study of language itself at the lower-division level to the study of literary and other texts at the upperdivision level (16: p.43). That is, students who apparently do well in their language classes often seem to be at a loss when faced with the demands of upper-division courses. Of all language skills, however, writing is frequently the source of greatest unhappiness among professors and students alike. And unsatisfactory student performance in this area causes both groups to question the appropriateness of intermediate-level composition skills preparation in terms of upper-division expectations. How to achieve effective articulation between
Flamingo: Visualizing Internet Traffic

In this paper we describe a set of visualization techniques that can help the task of operating and managing a network by representing network traffic information in a concise and intuitive manner. We have implemented these visualization techniques in Flamingo, a software tool that can be used to explore Internet traffic flow data. Flamingo is able to process live Netflow data in real-time and present a set of interactive visualizations and associated manipulation tools that can help users in network data analysis. Flamingo is comprised of a server and a client component. The Flamingo server is responsible for receiving raw Netflow feeds from devices in the network that can sample traffic, and then sending processed information to the client for display. The Flamingo client receives data from the server and provides concise intuitive data visualizations, 3D space navigation, as well as filtering capabilities that can help the operator to extract or monitor specific information of interest. Flamingo also supports a playback mode which allows users to select specific historical Netflow data for visualization. We illustrate with the help of simple examples, based on traffic data from a busy Internet backbone router, how Flamingo can be used to perform network monitoring tasks as well as network security related data forensics.
THE AUTOMATIC PICTURE TRANSMISSION APT TV CAMERA SYSTEM FOR METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES

Automatic picture transmission /apt/ television camera system for meteorological satellites
Developmental Expression of Eph and Ephrin Family Genes in Mammalian Small Intestine

Background Eph receptor tyrosine kinases EphB2 and EphB3, and ephrin-B1 ligand play a critical role in regulating small intestinal epithelial cell migration. Although well studied in developing brain, the expression pattern of Ephs/ephrins has not been delineated in the developing small intestine.
Interaction of myosin LYS-553 with the C-terminus and DNase I-binding loop of actin examined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

Abstract Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments were carried out in the absence of nucleotide (rigor) or in the presence of MgADP between fluorescent donor probes (IAEDANS (5((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) at Cys-374 or DANSYL (5-dimethylamino naphthalene-1-( N -(5-aminopentyl))sulfonamide) at Gln-41 of actin and acceptor molecules (FHS (6-[fluorescein-5(and 6)-carboxamido] hexanoic acid succinimidyl ester) at Lys-553 of skeletal muscle myosin subfragment 1. The critical Forster distance ( R 0 ) was determined to be 44 and 38 A for the IAEDANS–FHS and DANSYL–FHS donor–acceptor pairs, respectively. The efficiency of energy transfer between the acceptor molecules at Lys-553 of myosin and donor probes at Cys-374 or Gln-41 of actin was calculated to be 0.78 ± 0.01 or 0.94 ± 0.01, respectively, corresponding to distances of 35.6 ± 0.4 A and 24.0 ± 1.6 A, respectively. MgADP had no significant effect on the distances observed in rigor. Thus, rearrangements in the acto-myosin interface are likely to occur elsewhere than in the lower 50-kDa subdomain of myosin as its affinity for actin is weakened by MgADP binding.
IDENTIFYING AND TREATING HIV-RELATED ORAL CONDITIONS: A CLINICAL GRAND ROUNDS APPROACH

The authors describe an innovative method for teaching dental professionals to differentially diagnose and treat HIV-related oral lesions. The method included a half day of didactic presentations and a half day of clinical grand rounds. The clinical grand rounds featured clinical stations where small groups of practitioners observed HIV oral manifestations and interacted with patients. Their observations were discussed with two dentists expert in diagnosing and managing oral complications of HIV. Videotapes of the patients' oral lesions augmented the discussions.
From paradox to disparity: trends in neonatal death in very low birth weight non-Hispanic black and white infants, 1989-2004.

Objectives To examine temporal trends in race-specific neonatal death in California to determine whether the overall decline in mortality attenuated the paradoxical survival advantage of very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight Study design The data set comprised the California birth cohort file on non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white VLBW neonatal mortality for 1989-2004. Logistic regression methods were used to control for potentially confounding maternal characteristics. Results In 1989 and 1990, non-Hispanic black VLBW infants demonstrated a paradox of lower neonatal mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.94). This survival advantage disappeared after 1991, however. In 2003 and 2004, the incidence of neonatal mortality increased in non-Hispanic black VLBW infants but decreased in non-Hispanic white VLBW infants, resulting in a racial disparity (aOR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.14-1.56). Conclusions An initial survival paradox transformed into a disparity. The magnitude of this non-Hispanic black/non-Hispanic white VLBW disparity rose to its highest levels in the last 2 years of the study period. Moreover, the steady mortality increase in VLBW non-Hispanic black VLBW infants since 2001 reversed the secular decline in neonatal mortality in this population. Our findings underscore the need to augment strategies to improve the health trajectory of gestation in non-Hispanic black women.
Factors that Influence Students' Choice of Careers in Construction Management

The goal of this study was to explore the demographics and career influences (in terms of experiences and relationships) of students currently enrolled in accredited Construction Management (CM) programs in one Midwestern state. It was limited to one state due to the regional differences in construction shown by a 1996 Business Roundtable (BRT) study (The Business Roundtable, 2000). Numerous factors influence students who enter CM programs; however, insufficient information exists to explain the characteristics of these students. Obtaining a better understanding of students currently enrolled in construction management programs can reveal perceptions of the construction industry and can enlighten CM programs for future marketing. Three research questions were posited to four accredited CM programs in one Midwestern state. The survey yielded 504 completed and usable survey instruments. Frequency tables were produced to compare data by program and gender. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and chi-square analysis...
Non-Gaussian corrections to incoherent-scattering functions in liquids

For any given velocity autocorrelation function, the incoherent scattering functions and the density self-correlation functions are uniquely determined in the Gaussian approximation. Since the natures of velocity autocorrelation functions have already been clarified, it is only necessary to evaluate the non-Gaussian correction terms. We have related these corrections to the deviations of partially-averaged mean-square displacements from the canonical average. Two time constants are involved: the collision time and the mixing time, the latter being much longer (by a factor of 50) than the former. The results are in qualitative agreement with molecular dynamics as well as neutron inelastic scattering data for liquid argon.
Calcium antagonists and the kidney.

EPSTEIN, M. and LOUTZENHISER, R.D. Calcium Antagonists and the Kidney. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166 (1), 123-134 - Recently, attention has focused on the effects of calcium antagonists on renal function. When administered in vitro to the isolated perfused kidney, calcium antagonist exhibit consistant actions permitting characterization of their renal effects. Calcium antagonists do not affect the vasodilated isolated perfused kidney, but they do dramatically alter the response of the kidney to vasoconstrictor agents. In the presence of norepinephrine, calcium antagonists markedly augment glomerular filtration rate but produce only a modest improvement in renal perfusion. Utilizing the isolated perfused hydronephrotic rat kidney model that permits direct visualization of afferent and efferent arterioles, we have demonstrated that this preferential augmentation of glomerular filtration rate is primarily attributable to a selective vasodilation of pre-glomerular vessels. Although the clinical implications of such observations are not yet clear, preliminary studies in experimental animal models indicate that calcium antagonists may exert salutary effects on renal function in clinical settings that are characterized by impaired renal hemodynamics. The possible benefits of calcium antagonists in ameliorating the development of renal dysfunction in patients in whom there is increased risk for the development of acute renal insufficiency remain to be evaluated.
Women’s Weaving Cooperatives in Oaxaca: An Indigenous Response to Neoliberalism

Fieldwork in the Zapotec textile-producing community of Teotitlan del Valle from 2000 to 2004 suggests that indigenous responses to increased economic globalization and Mexico’s neoliberal economic policies do not always involve solutions of individualization, but can also generate collective efforts. From the late 1980s, textile cooperatives were first organized by women and most recently by men and women to such a degree that by the summer of 2004 about 15 percent of the local households were involved in textile cooperatives. In an attempt to bypass local merchant control of the textile industry and to gain political and cultural rights in their community and in the global market as independent artisans, these women pioneered a new era in gender relations.
Neonatal Serum Phosphorus Levels and Enamel Defects in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants miss out on the period of greatest mineral accretion that occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy and are at higher risk of enamel defects. No studies have well described the relationship between neonatal nutrition and dental outcomes in preterm, VLBW infants. The objective of this study was to assess the differences in nutrition biomarkers, feeding intake, and comorbidities among VLBW infants with and without enamel defects. Methods: A retrospective chart review of VLBW infants recruited for an ongoing longitudinal dental study between 2007 and 2010 was done. Participants were classified as cases and controls according to the presence/absence of developmental defects of enamel at 8 and/or 18–20 and/or 36 months. Demographics and medical and nutrition data were abstracted from 76 subjects’ medical charts. Results: Of the 76 VLBW subjects, 62% had enamel defects (hypoplasia and/or opacity). The only significant variable in the logistic regression analy...
ATR‐UV monitoring of methyl methacrylate miniemulsion polymerization for determination of monomer conversion

Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) UV spectroscopy has been used to monitor monomer conversion in methyl methacrylate miniemulsion polymerization. It was found that the vinylic groups of methyl methacrylate strongly absorb the UV light with a maximum absorption at 225 nm. This absorption peak decreases as monomer is converted to polymer. The polymer has a strong absorption at a lower UV region. The results from this feasibility study indicate that ATR-UV sensor technique has a great potential to be used for on-line or in-line process monitoring in emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization. With a partial least square (PLS) calibration model, very good prediction the monomer conversion was obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1471–1475, 2006
COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS OF NUCLEAR MATTER

Abstract A study of the collective motions of nuclear matter has been made. We first give a purely classical macroscopic description of hydrodynamic waves in nuclear matter, and suggest some experimental consequences of their excitation. Next a quantum mechanical study of the collective eigenstates of nuclear matter is taken up. The starting point of this discussion is the theory of the nuclear ground state as given by Brueckner and his collaborators. The excited states are described by means of the method developed by Sawada to apply to an electron gas. We generalize this method so as to include the internal degrees of freedom associated with spin and i-spin and to handle the momentum dependence of the level-shift operator K used by Brueckner. The connection between the quantum-mechanical eigenstates and the classical hydrodynamic motion is established. As a consequence of the internal degrees of freedom, there exist not only the usual compressive waves, but spin, i-spin, and coupled spin-i-spin waves. The i-spin waves can be associated with the Goldhaber-Teller oscillations. We have investigated the corrections to the Sawada theory. This gives rise to the damping of the stable Sawada collective eigenmodes, analogous to the viscous damping of a plasma oscillation. The spin and i-spin waves are only slightly damped, whereas the compressional mode is unstable in an exponentially growing sense.
Quantized Dynamic Output Feedback H ∞ Controller Design

This paper studies the quantized dynamic output feedback Hinfin control problem for discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with the consideration of quantizer ranges. The quantizers considered here are dynamic and time-varying. An iterative LMI-based optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the quantizer ranges, and with which a concrete dynamic output feedback control strategy dependent on not only the controller states but also the measurement outputs is proposed with updating quantizer's parameters, such that the quantized closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and with a prescribed Hinfin performance bound. An example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Glycemic Control in a Sample of Black and White Clinic Patients with NIDDM

OBJECTIVE To compare glycemic control of black and white patients under treatment for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medical records of patients with NIDDM were reviewed at 19 of 24 clinics or health centers in a specified area of north central Florida. Data were abstracted from the charts of all non-Hispanic black ( n = 248) or white ( n = 280) patients who met preset eligibility criteria. RESULTS The mean ± SD age was 58 ± 14 years; the mean ± SD duration of diabetes was 9 ± 7.5 years. Of 528 patients, 220 were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, 269 were treated with insulin, 28 were treated with diet alone, and 11 were treated with a combination of oral agents, diet, and insulin. Glycosylated hemoglobin was ≥8% for 47% of black women, 41% of black men, 38% of white men, and 29% of white women. The less favorable control status of the black women persisted within categories of age (40–59 years or ≥60 years), treatment (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents), time since diagnosis (less than versus greater than or equal to the median of 7 years), and obesity (noted versus not noted in chart). In multiple logistic regression analyses controlling simultaneously for these variables, the odds (95% confidence interval [CI]), compared with white women, of having glycosylated hemoglobin ≥8% were 2.2 (1.4, 3.4) for black women and 1.5 (0.8, 2.9) and 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) for black and white men, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Black women were more likely than white women or men to have glycosylated hemoglobin ≥8%. This difference was not readily explained by age, type of treatment, time since diagnosis, or a notation of obesity in the medical record, although an effect of obesity cannot be excluded on this basis.
Factions, Variety, Diversity, Multiplicity: Representing Early Christian Differences for the 21st Century

Abstract Early Christians largely understood their differences in terms of factionalism, articulated in terms of discourses of orthodoxy and heresy. Contemporary historiography has troubled those discourses with talk of the “diversity” or “variety” of early Christianities, but without entirely displacing either the logic or the functions of the orthodoxy-heresy bifurcation. This essay examines the limits of current historiographical modes of treating early Christian diversity, and suggests an understanding of religion and methods of analysis usable for a history of difference beyond orthodoxy and heresy.
PMP® certification as a core competency: Necessary but not sufficient

This research seeks to investigate the relationship between project management certification and established project management core competencies in the IT industry. This study was conducted in two...
Neuropsychological test performance in patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus and HIV.

Objective: To determine the effect of co-infection on neuropsychological performance in relatively healthy hepatitis C virus (HCV)-alone patients when compared with HCV/ HIV-co-infected patients. Design: To test whether the burden of co-infection with HCV and HIV on the central nervous system results in increased cognitive deficits, we tested 47 HCV-alone and 29 HCV/HIV-co-infected patients on a neuropsychological screening battery of tests of attention, concentration and psychomotor speed. Methods: The neuropsychological test performance of HCV-alone and HCV/HIV-co-infected patients was compared with normative samples. The test performance between HCV-alone and HCV/HIV-co-infected patients was also assessed. Patients with chronic liver disease were divided on the basis of disease severity as determined by fibrosis stage, according to the METAVIR system. Neuropsychological test performance was correlated with fibrosis stage. Results: As previously reported, HCV patients independent of co-infection status demonstrated deficits on neuropsychological measures of attention, concentration and psychomotor speed. No significant differences were found between patients with HCV-alone and HCV/HIV-co-infected patients on the neuropsychological measures. There was a relationship between neuropsychological test performance and fibrosis stage. Conclusion: Relatively healthy patients with HCV (either alone or when co-infected with HIV) may have deficits in the domains of attention, concentration and psychomotor speed, In this study no significant differences were found between patients with HCV alone and HCV/HIV-co-infected patients on neuropsychological measures, but as previously demonstrated, greater fibrosis was associated with poorer performance.
Puerto Rican migration and occupational selectivity, 1982-1988.

This study examines whether or not the likelihood of Puerto Rican workers choosing to migrate to the United States depends on their occupations or skills. The study determined that the occupational composition among those migrating from the island to the United States generally corresponds to the occupational distribution in Puerto Rico. The exception is that after controlling for labor market conditions in Puerto Rico and in the United States and for other characteristics of the migrants farm workers laborers and craft and kindred workers are overrepresented in the flow of migrants. The two most important factors contributing to the occupational distribution of migrants are whether or not they already have job offers in the United States and whether they are currently employed in Puerto Rico. (EXCERPT)
Facilitating Successful Prediction Problem Solving in Biology Through Application of Skill Theory

The purpose of this study was to identify cognitive factors associated with differences in prediction problem-solving success among high school biology students, and to determine whether guided practice facilitated successful prediction. The Group Assessment of Logical Thinking was used to evaluate subjects' cognitive operational level, written prediction worksheets and think-aloud interviews were used to measure predictive success and identify problem-solving tendencies. Treatment group subjects received 8 hr of directed prediction practice using interactive computer simulations, whereas the control group practiced prediction without focusing on specific skills, after which all subjects were retested. Predictive reasoning success showed a significant correlation (p < .01) to both formal operational development and five specific cognitive skills: (a) identifying relevant knowledge in long-term memory, (b) using a systematic problem-solving strategy, (c) applying cause-effect reasoning, (d) reviewing solutions for logical inconsistency, and (e) evaluating alternative solutions. Analysis of covariance indicated significantly increased prediction success for treatment group subjects following practice in the five identified skills (p < .01). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lasers on Silicon

A number of important breakthroughs in the past decade have focused attention on Si as a photonic platform. We review here recent worldwide progress in this field, focusing on efforts to make lasers on or in silicon and on silicon photonic integrated circuits. The impact active silicon photonic integrated circuits could have on data and telecommunications and on silicon electronics is reviewed. 150-word Biography: John Bowers holds the Fred Kavli Chair in Nanotechnology, and is the Director of the Institute for Energy Efficiency and a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at UCSB. He is a cofounder of Aurrion, Aerius Photonics and Calient Networks. Dr. Bowers received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University and worked for AT&T Bell Laboratories and Honeywell before joining UC Santa Barbara. Dr. Bowers is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the IEEE, OSA and the American Physical Society, and a recipient of the OSA Holonyak Prize, the IEEE LEOS William Streifer Award and the South Coast Business and Technology Entrepreneur of the Year Award. He has published eight book chapters, 450 journal papers, 700 conference papers and has received 52 patents. He and coworkers received the EE Times Annual Creativity in Electronics (ACE) Award for Most Promising Technology for the hybrid silicon laser in 2007.
Role of β-hydroxybutyrate, its polymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and inorganic polyphosphate in mammalian health and disease

We provide a comprehensive review of the role of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), its linear polymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in mammalian health and disease. β-OHB is a metabolic intermediate that constitutes 70% of ketone bodies produced during ketosis. Although ketosis has been generally considered as an unfavorable pathological state (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis in type-1 diabetes mellitus), it has been suggested that induction of mild hyperketonemia may have certain therapeutic benefits. β-OHB is synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA by β-OHB dehydrogenase and can be used as alternative energy source. Elevated levels of PHB are associated with pathological states. In humans, short-chain, complexed PHB (cPHB) is found in a wide variety of tissues and in atherosclerotic plaques. Plasma cPHB concentrations correlate strongly with atherogenic lipid profiles, and PHB tissue levels are elevated in type-1 diabetic animals. However, little is known about mechanisms of PHB action especially in the heart. In contrast to β-OHB, PHB is a water-insoluble, amphiphilic polymer that has high intrinsic viscosity and salt-solvating properties. cPHB can form non-specific ion channels in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes. PHB can form complexes with polyP and Ca(2+) which increases membrane permeability. The biological roles played by polyP, a ubiquitous phosphate polymer with ATP-like bonds, have been most extensively studied in prokaryotes, however polyP has recently been linked to a variety of functions in mammalian cells, including blood coagulation, regulation of enzyme activity in cancer cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial ion transport and energy metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that polyP is a potent activator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in cardiomyocytes and may represent a hitherto unrecognized key structural and functional component of the mitochondrial membrane system.
University, industry, and governmental consortia: alliances for a new era.

As recently as a decade ago, the roles of industry, academia, and government and their relationships to the advancement of research were well defined, resulting in an enormously productive era of research discovery [1]. However, the 1990s will be remembered as critical for all three participants, as the environment enabling success has undergone rapid change, powerfully influencing the research climate today. We must be prepared to form constructive new alliances to strengthen the base of research support and benefit all components of the research enterprise. Government funding of research traditionally has been taken as a “given” by basic and clinical academic researchers. However, investigators have been reluctant to form alliances with industry for fear that they will be compromising their integrity for financial gain. Some faculty still question whether an alliance between university and industry is consistent with the traditional university position of “commitment to serve our society,” and whether these relationships should be developed further [1].
Liquid household hazardous wastes in the United States: Identification, disposal, and management plan

Present methods of disposal of today's hazardous household chemicals in the United States are frequently not acceptable because of pathways to groundwater, surface water, and the atmosphere. This report identifies potentially hazardous liquid waste in the household, notes current disposal practices, and recommends an improved management plan that utilizes consumer education, manufacturer cooperation, and governmental intervention. Laws requiring uniform disposal labeling on packaging are critical. Local, county, and state governments must be encouraged to coordinate the necessary infrastructure. Managing hazardous household wastes now will mitigate potential disposal problems.
Measuring Leader Behavior: Moderators of Discrepant Self and Subordinate Descriptions

In line with previous research and our prediction, self- and subordinate descriptions of the behavior of 92 supervisors are only weakly related. Also, congruence between these two descriptions is positively related to three measures of situational control. These findings are congruent with Fiedler's view that leaders describe themselves as they are in high-control situations.
Effect of oxide thickness on electrochemical detection of fatigue

The electrochemical scanning method of detecting fatigue in metals requires a surface oxide film with high electrical resistance but low fracture resistance. Both of these properties are controlled by the density of defects in the oxide. In this study, the fracture of various oxide films on aluminum was observed during fatigue experiments in a photoelectron microscope. The effects of the oxide thickness and defect density were investigated. The defect density exerts a strong influence on the fracture of thick (>5 nm) oxides, but has no effect on the fracture of thin (<5 nm) oxides. A 3 nm oxide of low defect density is recommended for the electrochemical detection of fatigue.
A researcher's perceptions of United States Department of Agriculture funding in animal reproduction

Dedicated funding for animal reproduction did not start until 1985 and was available primarily in the reproductive efficiency and physiology areas of the Animal Science Program. Funding for individual grants and duration of funding were similar between the National Institutes of Health and the USDA, typically in the range of 3 yr, with total direct costs of $150,000. The names of these programs have changed over time; the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program started in 1991 with a program in animal reproduction. The USDA did not change the award size for individual grants until 2001, when it gradually increased through 2003. The USDA then markedly increased individual grants in 2004 to a funding level of $300,000 to $500,000 over 3 to 4 yr. This has been beneficial for the funded scientist but discouraging to the applicants with high-ranking nonfunded grants. The number of grants funded per year is approaching a low critical number, with an average of only 10 new grants funded per year. At the present funding level it will be difficult for even the best scientist to sustain a research career based only on USDA funding.
Self-association of the Amino-terminal Domain of the Yeast TATA-binding Protein

The amino-terminal domain of yeast TATA-binding protein has been proposed to play a crucial role in the self-association mechanism(s) of the full-length protein. Here we tested the ability of this domain to self-associate under a variety of solution conditions. Escherichia coli two-hybrid assays, in vitro pull-down assays, and in vitro cross-linking provided qualitative evidence for a limited and specific self-association. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis using purified protein was consistent with a monomer-dimer equilibrium with an apparent dissociation constant of approximately 8.4 microM. Higher stoichiometry associations remain possible but could not be detected by any of these methods. These results demonstrate that the minimal structure necessary for amino-terminal domain self-association must be present even in the absence of carboxyl-terminal domain structures. On the basis of these results we propose that amino-terminal domain structures contribute to the oligomerization interface of the full-length yeast TATA-binding protein.
An efficient numerical algorithm for transient analysis of exterior scalar wave propagation in a homogeneous layer

Abstract In this paper, a computationally efficient alternative for the analysis of transient wave propagation in an infinite layer is presented. The new method is based on a simple cell centered characteristic finite difference technique. This approach can be used in place of the existing methods based on closed form Green's functions, as it would save considerable computational time and storage. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the method. Some guidelines are suggested to further increase the efficiency of the proposed method.
Successful repair of multiple arterial lesions including an aneurysm of the celiac artery

Summary The fortieth case of an aneurysm of the celiac artery is reported. This represents the fifth successful resection of an aneurysm of the celiac artery with re-establishment of flow in the hepatic artery. The multiplicity of arterial lesions present in the same patient and involving the carotid artery, aortoiliofemoral segment, and celiac artery, all successfully repaired, is another interesting aspect of this particular case. Surgery for aneurysmal lesions of the celiac artery is recommended as the best and only curative theraphy.
Publishing in Macedonia

Abstract After a brief history of Macedonia and the Macedonian language, the author discusses the general publishing scene from 1949 to 1998. He then lists important publishers, along with their contact information and profiles. The final part consists of a list of current serial publications (daily newspapers, news magazines and periodicals), with their publishers and a description of their contents.
Questions of decidability and undecidability in number theory

Davis, Matijasevic, and Robinson, in their admirable survey article [D-M-R], interpret the negative solution of Hilbert's Tenth Problem as a resounding positive statement about the versatility of Diophantine equations (that any listable set can be coded as the set of parameter values for which a suitable polynomial possesses integral solutions). One can also view the Matijasevic result as implying that there are families of Diophantine equations parametrized by a variable t , which have integral solutions for some integral values t = a > 0, and yet there is no computable function of t which provides an upper bound for the smallest integral solution for these values a . The smallest integral solutions of the Diophantine equation for these values are, at least sporadically, too large to be bounded by any computable function. This is somewhat difficult to visualize, since there is quite an array of computable functions. But let us take an explicit example. Consider the function Matijasevic's result guarantees the existence of parametrized families of Diophantine equations such that even this function fails to yield an upper bound for its smallest integral solutions (for all values of the parameter t for which there are integral solutions). Families of Diophantine equations in a parameter t , whose integral solutions for t = 1, 2, 3,… exhibit a certain arythmia in terms of their size, have fascinated mathematicians for centuries, and this phenomenon (the size of smallest integral solution varying wildly with the parameter-value) is surprising, even when the equations are perfectly “decidable”.
DNA binding factor GT-2 from Arabidopsis

Complementary DNA clones encoding a DNA-binding factor have been obtained from Arabidopsis by DNA hybridization with a GT-2 factor cDNA clone from rice. The GT-2 gene appears to be present as a single copy in the Arabidopsis genome and is transcribed as a 2.1 kb mRNA which is not light-regulated. The longest open reading frame in the sequenced clones predicts a protein of 65 kDa, beginning with the first in-frame methionine. The protein contains basic, acidic, and proline/glutamine-rich motifs and has significant amino acid sequence homology to the rice GT-2 factor, including three regions of 50-75 amino acids each of greater than 60% identity. Two of these regions are predicted to form similar trihelix structures postulated to be involved in selective binding to specific variations of a GT-box motif DNA sequence found in the promoter regions of several plant genes. Except for weak similarity to a tobacco GT-box binding factor, GT-1a/B2F, Arabidopsis GT-2 has no similarity to other sequences in the databases. DNA-binding studies show that Arabidopsis GT-2 has binding characteristics similar to those of the rice GT-2 factor, but dissimilar to those of the tobacco GT-1a/B2F factor. The data indicate that a DNA-binding factor containing domains of similar structure and target-sequence specificity has been conserved between monocots and dicots.