cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical effect and prognosis analysis of different blood purification patterns in the treatment of acute liver failure in children

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of different blood purification methods in children with acute liver failure, and to explore the clinical application mode, time and prognosis of blood purification in children with acute liver failure. Methods The clinical data of 85 children with acute liver failure admitted to PICU of Hunan Children′s Hospital from January 2010 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Sixteen patients were treated with general integrated medical treatment(conservative group). Twenty-seven patients were treated with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) model non-biological artificial liver on the basis of general integrated medical treatment(CBP group). Sixteen cases were treated with plasma exchange(PE group). Twenty-six cases were treated with plasma exchange combined with CVVHDF mode (combination group). The main biochemical indexes, coagulation function, model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score and delta MELD before and after treatment among groups were compared. Results Compared with those before treatment, the improvement of liver function and prognosis in the conservative was not significant after treatment.There were significant differences in the improvement of liver function and prognosis among the other three groups treated with non-biological artificial liver.Comparing the biochemical indexes and prognosis of three groups of children treated with different modes of non-biological artificial liver, there was no significant difference in the total effective rate between PE group and CBP group[56.3% (9/16) vs 55.6% (15/27), P>0.05]. The total effective rate of combined group[84.6% (22/26)] was significantly higher than those of PE group and CBP group.There was no significant difference in the improvement of liver function between PE group and CBP group (all P>0.05), but the indexes of liver function in combined group were significantly lower than those in PE group and CBP group (P 40. Conclusion PE and CBP have a good effect on children with acute liver failure, and if combined with the two methods can improve the therapeutic effect.At the same time, MELD score should be monitored in children with acute liver failure, and non-biological artificial liver therapy should not be recommended for children with MELD 40. Key words: Acute liver failure; Non-biological liver support; Model for end-stage liver disease; Blood purification
Characterization of a Borrelia miyamotoi membrane antigen (BmaA) for serodiagnosis of Borrelia miyamotoi disease.

Abstract Borrelia miyamotoi is a tick-borne pathogen that causes Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD), an emerging infectious disease of increasing public health significance. B. miyamotoi is transmitted by the same tick vector (Ixodes spp.) as B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the causative agent of Lyme disease, therefore laboratory assays to differentiate BMD from Lyme disease are needed to avoid misdiagnoses and for disease confirmation. We previously performed a global immunoproteomic analysis of the murine host antibody response against B. miyamotoi infection to discover antigens that could serologically distinguish the two infections. An initial assessment identified a putative lipoprotein antigen, here termed BmaA, as a promising candidate to augment current research-based serological assays. In this study, we show that BmaA is an outer surface-associated protein by its susceptibility to protease digestion. Synthesis of BmaA in culture was independent of temperature at either 23 °C or 34 °C. The BmaA gene is present in two identical loci harbored on separate plasmids in North American strains LB-2001 and CT13-2396. bmaA-like sequences are present in other B. miyamotoi strains and relapsing fever borrelia as multicopy genes and as paralogous or orthologous gene families. IgM and IgG antibodies in pooled serum from BMD patients reacted with native BmaA fractionated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. IgG against recombinant BmaA was detected in 4 of 5 BMD patient serum samples as compared with 1 of 23 serum samples collected from patients with various stages of Lyme disease. Human anti-B. turicatae serum did not seroreact with recombinant BmaA suggesting a role as a species-specific diagnostic antigen. These results demonstrated that BmaA elicits a human host antibody response during B. miyamotoi infection but not in a tested group of B. burgdorferi-infected Lyme disease patients, thereby providing a potentially useful addition for developing BMD serodiagnostic tests.
More Valuable than Blood and Treasure? Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Status on Domestic Preferences for Military Intervention

Does status have an independent effect on how countries relate to each other? While scholars long argued that status is a salient foreign policy driver, it has been challenging to establish a causal link between status and foreign policy outcomes. In this project, I use original survey data to evaluate the effect of status on foreign policy decision-making, in particular popular support for military intervention. In an online survey experiment, 3658 United States citizens were confronted with a hypothetical foreign policy scenario in which their country’s status was threatened. The results show that the presence of a status threat increases support for military intervention, even in situations where national security interests are at stake and casualties are likely. I also find that government’s unwillingness to use force to protect the country’s status leads to decreased government approval. Overall, the results provide strong evidence that status is an important foreign policy driver and a source of domestic audience costs.
Mathematics As A Core Unit.

dents. This is due primarily to two reasons: ( 1 ) it is a subject that is not needed until adulthood, and (2) many teachers do not fully understand the subject. Several years ago an enterprising teacher at the Kennard Elementary School in the city of St. Louis set about to develop this unit in a way that would make it more meaningful. She planned a core unit built around the study of stocks and bonds. In addition to successfully teaching the standard topics, the unit had fringe benefits for the class, the staff, and the neighborhood political structure. This teacher had a background of experience particularly appropriate to a unit on stocks and bonds. (Almost every teacher has some expertise in addition to his ability to teach.) She had her license as a realtor which gave her special insight into this area of the curriculum. Using her understanding of the subject, she motivated the class to the point where they organized a corporation. Briefly, the core project for the thirty-four eighth graders in the selfcontained classroom was planned to involve the following: "The Kennard Aircraft Corporation" was to be formed in a quasi-legal manner; and the corporation was to have an administrative staff, a board of directors, and a working plant. The project involved selling stock, purchasing materials, buildng a full-siz d ock-up of an airplane, selling rides in the airplane, redeeming the stocks, and closing out the corporation. The administrative staff of the corporation was composed of students. The board of directors included students and members of the school staff the teacher, the principal, the custodian, the nurse, and other involved staff members. The working plant included a business office and the departments of procurement, construction, and publications. Six hundred shares of Kennard Aircraft
International Medical Graduate Advising Recommendations From the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine Advising Student Committee.

International Medical Graduate (IMG) physicians applying to residency training programs in a country different from where they completed medical school, bring beneficial diversity to a training program, but also face significant challenges matching into an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited residency program. Despite the growing number of IMG applications in Emergency Medicine (EM), there is a paucity of targeted recommendations for IMG applicants. As a result, the Council of Residency Directors (CORD) Advising Students Committee in EM (ASC-EM) created a dedicated IMG Advising Team to create a set of evidence-based advising recommendations based on longitudinal data from the National Residency Match Program (NRMP) and information collected from EM program directors and clerkship directors. IMG applicants should obtain at least two EM standardized letters of evaluation (SLOEs), review IMG matched percentages for programs-of-interest, analyze their objective scores with the previous matched cohorts, and rank at least 12 programs to maximize their chances of matching into EM.
Evaluating values-based message frames for type 2 diabetes prevention among Facebook audiences: Divergent values or common ground?

Abstract Objective To effectively confront the type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemic, policymakers and the public need to problematize T2D less as a medical and more as a social problem. An award-winning T2D prevention campaign was harnessed to determine the most successful ways of framing ads on Facebook. Hypothesis We will observe variation in the effectiveness of ad message-frames within audience-segments. Methods Six parallel quasi-experiments (participants N = 203,156) were conducted with 6 disparate audience-segments defined through the Facebook ads-manager tool. Across all audiences, we exposed Facebook users to values-based ad-frames (10–15-word appeals), assigning 7 of 11 possible frames to participants within each audience in a quasi-experimental fashion (using Facebook users’ birth-month). Engagement was measured by rates of ad video-views, unique-link-clicks and donations to the campaign. Results Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed remarkable consistency across target audiences. Ad-frames that ranked highly with most audience-segments included Entertainment and Emotional Appeal; Defiance Against Authority Appeal; Second-Hand Smoke/Environmental Appeal; and to a lesser extent, Common-Enemy/War-Metaphor Appeal. Conclusion and Practice-Implications: Across disparate segments of society, there appears to be a set of common values that public health communication initiatives can tap into to catalyze a more inclusive movement to confront the T2D epidemic through policy, systems and environmental approaches.
Long-distance dispersal of the beach strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis, from North America to Chile and Hawaii.

Background and aims The beach strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis, is found in a narrow coastal band from the Aleutian Islands to central California and then jumps thousands of kilometres all the way to Hawaii and Chile. As it probably had a North American origin, it must have been introduced to the other locations by long-distance dispersal. The aim of this study was to determine which agent carried the beach strawberry to its Pacific and South American locations. Methods A deductive framework was constructed to separate between the possible modes of long-distance dispersal involving animals, wind and ocean currents. Bird migration was subsequently identified as the most likely scenario, and then the routes, habitats, feeding preferences and flight distances of all the shorebird species were evaluated to determine the most likely carrier. Key results Six species migrate between North America and Chile and feed on the beaches and rocky shores where F. chiloensis grows naturally: Black-bellied Plovers, Greater Yellowlegs, Ruddy Turnstones, Sanderlings, Whimbrels and Willets. Of these, only two eat fruit and migrate in long continuous flight: Ruddy Turnstones and Whimbrels. Two species travel between North America and Hawaii, eat fruit and forage on the beaches and rocky shores where F. chiloensis grows naturally: Pacific Golden-plovers and Ruddy Turnstones. Ruddy Turnstones eat far less fruit than Pacific Golden-plovers and Whimbrels, making them less likely to have introduced the beach strawberry to either location. Conclusions We provide evidence that F. chiloesis seeds were probably dispersed to Hawaii by Pacific Golden-plovers and to Chile by Whimbrels.
The Role of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

Biologic therapy is a new treatment option for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Currently, the only biologic with Food and Drug Administration-approval status for CRSwNP is dupilumab. Several other biologics are likely to be approved for CRSwNP, including mepolizumab and omalizumab, based on their promising phase 3 trial results. The role of biologics in the treatment paradigm requires consideration of multiple factors that have yet to be clearly established. This includes identifying patients most appropriate for biologic therapy while considering long-term safety and cost-effectiveness in the context of patient preferences and goals.
Are asymptomatic gastrointestinal findings on imaging more common in COVID-19 infection? Study to determine frequency of abdominal findings of COVID-19 infection in patients with and without abdominal symptoms and in patients with chest-only CT scans.

To identify incidence of abdominal findings in COVID-19 patients with and without abdominal symptoms on various imaging modalities including chest-only CT scans and to correlate them with clinical, laboratory and chest CT findings. In this retrospective study, we searched our clinical database between March 1st, 2020 and May 22nd, 2020 to identify patients who had positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat swabs for COVID-19, had availability of clinical, laboratory information and had availability of CT scan of chest or abdominal radiograph, abdominal ultrasound or CT scan within 2 weeks of the diagnosis. Abdominal imaging findings on all imaging modalities were documented. Chest CT severity score (CT-SS) was assessed in all patients. Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded from the electronic medical record. Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlation of abdominal findings with CT-SS, clinical and laboratory findings. Out of 264 patients with positive RT-PCR, 73 patients (38 males and 35 females; 35 African American) with mean age of 62.2 (range 21–94) years were included. The median CTSS was 13.5 (IQR 75–25 18–8). Most common finding in the abdomen on CT scans (n = 72) were in the gastrointestinal system in 13/72 patients (18.1%) with fluid-filled colon without wall thickening or pericolonic stranding (n = 12) being the most common finding. Chest-only CT (n = 49) found bowel findings in 3 patients. CTSS did not differ in terms of age, sex, race or number of comorbidities but was associated with longer duration of hospitalization (p = 0.0.0256), longer intensive care unit stay (p = 0.0263), more frequent serum lactate dehydrogenase elevation (p = 0.0120) and serum C-reactive protein elevation (p = 0.0402). No statistically significant correlation of occurrence of bowel abnormalities with CTSS, clinical or laboratory features. Deep venous thrombosis was seen in 7/72 patients (9.8%) with three patients developing pulmonary embolism Abnormal bowel is the most common finding in the abdomen in patients with COVID-19 infection, is often without abdominal symptoms and occurs independent of severity of pulmonary involvement, other clinical and laboratory features.
Evaluating the Strength of Evidence in Favor of Rehabilitation Effects: A Bayesian Analysis.

Abstract Background Relying solely on null hypothesis significance testing to investigate rehabilitation interventions may result in researchers erroneously concluding the presence of a treatment effect. Objective We sought to quantify the strength of evidence in favour of rehabilitation treatment effects by calculating Bayes factors (BF10s) for significant findings. Additionally, we sought to examine associations between BF10s, P-values, and Cohen's d effect sizes. Methods We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for meta-analyses with “rehabilitation” as a keyword that evaluated a rehabilitation intervention. We extracted means, standard deviations, and sample sizes for treatment and comparison groups from individual findings within 175 meta-analyses. Investigators independently classified the interventions according to the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. We calculated t-statistics, P-values, effect sizes, and BF10s for each finding. We isolated statistically significant findings (P ≤ 0.05); applied evidential categories to BF10s, P-values, and effect sizes; and examined relationships descriptively. Results We analysed 1935 rehabilitation findings. Across intervention types, 25% of significant findings offered only anecdotal evidence in favour of a treatment effect; only 48% indicated strong evidence. This pattern persisted within intervention types and when conducting robustness analyses. Smaller P-values and larger effect sizes were associated with stronger evidence in favour of a treatment effect. However, a notable portion of findings with P-value 0.01 to 0.05 (63%) or a large effect size (18%) offered anecdotal evidence in favour of an effect. Conclusions For a substantial portion of statistically significant rehabilitation findings, the data neither support nor refute the presence of a treatment effect. This was the case among a notable portion of large treatment effects and for most findings with P-value > 0.01. Rehabilitation evidence would be improved by researchers adopting more conservative levels of significance, complementing the use of null hypothesis significance testing with Bayesian techniques and reporting effect sizes.
Improving and predicting reproductive performance

Reproduction in a beef cow herd is a fragile thing, easy to disrupt and difficult to re-establish. The beef cow has priorities. Her first priority is survival, her second priority is the survival of her calf, and her third priority is reproduction. This means the first two priorities must be met before the third can be accomplished. It is difficult, with today’s economy, to have good reproduction without excessive cost. The purpose of this paper is to briefly outline those ingredients necessary for good reproduction to occur in a beef cow herd, show methods that can be utilized to predict reproduction performance, and outline methods for determining the economic feasibility.
Mispricing and Anomalies: An Exogenous Shock to Short Selling from JGTRRA

We study the causal effect of short selling on asset pricing anomalies by exploiting a novel exogenous shock to short selling. After the Job and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA) of 2003, equity lenders are reluctant to lend shares around the dividend record dates because substitute dividends that they would receive are taxed at ordinary income rates while qualified dividends are taxed at 15 percent, thus creating a negative shock to short selling. Using arguably the most comprehensive set of anomalies to date and the difference-in-differences (DID) regression framework, we find that anomalies become stronger after the dividend record months in the post-JGTRRA periods, driven by stronger mispricing in the dividend record months. We further show that the effect mainly comes from the overpriced stocks. Overall, our results provide strong evidence that most anomalies are likely due to mispricing, with valuation anomalies as an exception.
Mechanisms for Resource Allocation and Pricing in Mobile Edge Computing Systems

In this article, we address the resource allocation and monetization challenges in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) systems, where users have heterogeneous demands and compete for high quality services. We formulate the Edge Resource Allocation Problem ( ${{\sf ERAP}}$ ERAP ) as a Mixed-Integer Linear Program ( ${{\sf MILP}}$ MILP ) and prove that ${{\sf ERAP}}$ ERAP is ${{\sf NP}}$ NP -hard. To solve the problem efficiently, we propose two resource allocation mechanisms. First, we develop an auction-based mechanism and prove that the proposed mechanism is individually-rational and produces envy-free allocations . We also propose an ${{\sf LP}}$ LP -based approximation mechanism that does not guarantee envy-freeness, but it provides solutions that are guaranteed to be within a given distance from the optimal solution. We evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanisms by conducting an extensive experimental analysis on ${{\sf ERAP}}$ ERAP instances of various sizes. We use the optimal solutions obtained by solving the ${{\sf MILP}}$ MILP model using a commercial solver as benchmarks to evaluate the quality of solutions. Our analysis shows that the proposed mechanisms obtain near optimal solutions for fairly large size instances of the problem in a reasonable amount of time.
Developing Data-Driven Administrative Policy for International Montessori Center, Thailand

This institutional survey research was used to improve administrative policies at International Montessori Center (IMC), a private international kindergarten in Bangkok, Thailand. The main goal of the study was to gather input from school stakeholders regarding daily conditions and functions, with the ultimate goal of improved administrative policy implementation. A literature review indicated no direct prior research. A survey gathered input from four stakeholder groups, including 15 teachers, 104 parents, 17 staff, and 3 administrators, regarding Physical Safety, Child Sense of Being Valued (classroom atmosphere), Classroom Conditions, Information Availability, Parent-Teacher Meeting Quality, Administrative Support, Parental Support (overall), Educational Tools and Technology, Quality of Peer Professional Relationships, and Availability of Needed Supplies. Stakeholders rated the daily operations areas using five-point Likert-style questions and responded to two open-ended questions. In sum, findings highlighted a number of useful perspectives for the little-studied early-childhood administrative community: a) seemingly mundane school functions are important to those who experience them on a regular basis; b) all stakeholder input is valuable when gathering school daily operations feedback; c) similarities and differences in stakeholder input help administrators develop a more holistic perspective of school functioning; and d) stakeholder input is a valuable tool for administrators to use when critically considering responsive policy formulation. Conclusions reached were limited to correlations and patterns found in one institution. However, it is clear that this original research is a valuable step in improving administrative policy implementation at the private international kindergarten level.
On the Long-Run Behaviour of a Competitive Firm

In this paper we study sufficiency conditions for the convergence of the long-run capital stock of a firm using several kinds of capital goods facing ‘cost of adjustment’ The literature on this subject goes back to Eisner and Strotz [6], Lucas [7], [8], Treadway [11], [12], and Chetty and Heckman [5]. Most of these papers, however, were concerned with either special production functions or the one capital good case. Lucas [8] deals with the many capital goods case, but contains only ‘local’ results. General sufficiency conditions for the convergence of the vector of optimal capital stocks to the long-run steady state have not been obtained. Convergence implies that in a stationary environment, firms that take the price of their output as given would tend to be similar in the long-run even though they initially had quite different capital configurations1. This result is also useful in the study of comparative dynamics.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation: Fifth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference

The New York Stem Cell Foundation's "Fifth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference" convened on October 12-13, 2010 at the Rockefeller University in New York City. The conference attracted over 400 scientists, patient advocates, and stem cell research supporters from 16 countries. In addition to poster and platform presentations, the conference featured panels entitled "Road to the Clinic" and "Regulatory Roadblocks."
The Future of the Private Label Securities Market

The PLS market, like all markets, cycles from greed to fear, from boom to bust. The mortgage market is still in the fear part of the cycle and recent government interventions in it have, undoubtedly, added to that fear. In recent days, there has been a lot of industry pushback against the government’s approach, including threats to pull out of various sectors. But the government should not chart its course based on today’s news reports. Rather, it should identify fundamentals and stick to them. In particular, its regulatory approach should reflect an attempt to align incentives of market actors with government policies regarding appropriate underwriting and sustainable access to credit. The market will adapt to these constraints. These constraints should then help the market remain healthy throughout the entire business cycle.
Toxemia of pregnancy: Relationship between fetal weight, fetal survival, and the maternal state

Abstract Among 27,270 deliveries, there were 947 cases of pre-eclampsia available to study. It was found that both the fetus and the placenta of the women with toxemia of pregnancy weighed less than did the product of conception of a nontoxemic pregnancy at an equivalent week of gestation. The woman with toxemia tends to deliver earlier than does the woman without toxemia. The perinatal mortality rate among infants born to toxemic mothers is approximately twice that of infants born to nontoxemic mothers; almost the entire increase in deaths is because of an increased incidence of antepartal and intrapartal deaths. The incidence of pre-eclampsia was found to be approximately threefold higher among primigravidas than among multigravidas. It occurred with exceptionally high frequency among women who harbored some serious systemic disease prior to the index pregnancy and in women of poorer socioeconomic status.
Do standards of living converge

Abstract This paper examines whether consumption per capita (a measure of the standard of living) converges across economies. In addition to the standard convergence test, which is known to be consistent only under implausible assumptions, we use a recently developed valid specification. In general, our estimates provide evidence against divergence of standards of living across countries. On the other hand, convergence of standards of living can be rejected for all but a sample of rich countries.
Litigating the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Politicization of U.S. Federal Courtrooms

Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Palestinians have constituted a nation living as refugees in exile, as civilians under military occupation, or as members of a global Palestinian diaspora. Without a state and a sovereign government, redressing claims of grave violations of international human rights against the Israeli government that both dispossesses and dominates them is an arduous challenge. However, in the alternative to bringing claims in an Israeli court, Palestinians can also bring forth claims in U.S. courts pursuant to the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA). The ATCA is an eighteenth-century statute made actionable in the present day by a Second Circuit Court decision that held that the statute grants subject matter jurisdiction in federal courts for violations of international customary law. While U.S. federal courts have, through the ATCA, become formally available for redressing violations of international human rights, Palestinians have found no judicial recourse in these courts almost without exception. As defendants, Palestinians have no defenses available to them; as claimants, their claims do not withstand judicial scrutiny. The uniformity of judicial outcomes involving Palestinian plaintiffs and defendants is a function of their politicization, meaning their adjudication according to foreign policy interests irrespective of the legal questions at hand. As such, the politicization of cases involving the Arab-Israeli conflict and critical of Israeli occupation policies is indicative of the interlocking relationship between law and politics and is demonstrated by 1) undue deference to the Executive Branch; 2) legislative and executive endorsement of lawsuits against Palestinians; and 3) the supplanting of legal considerations for political ones in the application of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act as well as the political question doctrine.
Location-based instant search

Location-based keyword search has become an important part of our daily life. Such a query asks for records satisfying both a spatial condition and a keyword condition. State-of-the-art techniques extend a spatial tree structure by adding keyword information. In this paper we study location-based instant search, where a system searches based on a partial query a user has typed in. We first develop a new indexing technique, called filtering-effective hybrid index (FEH), that judiciously uses two types of keyword filters based on their selectiveness to do powerful pruning. Then, we develop indexing and search techniques that store prefix information on the FEH index and efficiently answer partial queries. Our experiments show a high efficiency and scalability of these techniques.
Maternal behavior of beef cows at parturition.

Over an 11-yr period maternal behavior, calf birth weight and calf condition were recorded within 24 h for 2,684 parturitions. Maternal behavior was rated on a scale from 1 to 11, where 1 indicated extreme aggressiveness and 11 indicated no maternal attentiveness. Birth condition was rated on a scale from 1 to 9, with 9 being fattest and 1 thinnest. Respective breed means of Hereford, Angus, Charolais and Red POll were 6.2, 5.3, 6.0, and 5.7 for maternal behavior rating; 30.6, 27.3, 39.2 and 32.6 kg for birth weight, and 5.5, 4.7, 5.6 and 5.5 for birth condition. Heritability estimates for maternal rating, birth weight and birth condition were .06 +/- .01, .48 +/- .02 and .19 +/- .01, respectively. Genetic correlations between maternal rating and birth weight and condition were .04 +/- .05 and -.02 +/- .06, respectively. These results suggest that, in the population of cows studied, nongenetic influences were the primary cause of differences in aggressiveness of cows at parturition.
Conflicts Between Ethics and Law for Military Mental Health Providers

ABSTRACTMilitary mental health providers routinely experience mixed-agency ethical dilemmas when obligations to patients and the military conflict. Particularly difficult mixed-agency dilemmas occur when a military psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker encounters an apparent conflict between an ethical obligation—enumerated in a professional code of ethics—and a federal statute. This article explores ethical–legal conflicts for uniformed mental health providers. Three case vignettes illustrate situations in which military providers may find themselves stuck between incongruent ethical and legal demands. The authors conclude with several recommendations designed to prevent and resolve ethical–legal conflicts for military mental health providers.
Processing and directionality in German and English

The paper discusses basic aspects of a general theory of contrastive stylistics, which is taken to result from the interaction of parameterized properties of languages with universal principles of language use. Proceeding from some basic psycholinguistic assumptions about language processing, the discussion will concentrate on various problems arising from specific processing conditions in English and German. The basic claims will be exemplified by translational evidence subjected to the method of control paraphrases. The findings pertain to contrastive linguistics, translation theory and a better understanding of individual literary style.
Welfare Reform, Employment, and Drug and Alcohol Use Among Low-Income Women

In 1996 welfare reform legislation transformed income assistance for needy families by imposing work requirements, time-limited benefits, and explicit provisions allowing states to sanction recipie...
Hydrogen-bonded boron imidazolate frameworks

The research on tetrahedral imidazolate frameworks takes on a new direction into the supramolecular area through the synthesis of three hydrogen-bonded boron imidazolate (B[im]4−) frameworks (HBIFs) that show distinct three- and two-dimensional supramolecular architectures: (1) the ionic diamond net containing the first reported Li+ complex with ethylene glycol, (2) four-connected double-layers built from a new neutral Li(tea)B(im)4 (tea = triethanolamine) complex, and (3) three-connected (6,3) layer of H3O·BH(eim)3.
Neutron evaporation spectra from (p, n) reactions

Abstract A new type of neutron spectrometer has been used to compare neutron spectra from (p, n) reactions in several medium weight nuclei with Weisskopf evaporation theory. The method is very sensitive to the shape of the spectrum from 0.1 to 2.0 MeV, and allows the determination of the exponent k and the parameter τ in the expression E k e −E τ for the neutron spectrum. Measurements of the (p, n) spectra from targets of Sn120, Co59, In115, Ag109, Sb123, Nb93, Rh103, Cd114 and Sn122 have been made with a proton bombarding energy of 5.30 MeV. The neutron spectra agree well with that predicted by evaporation theory (k = 1) for all of the reactions studied except Sn120(p, n) and Co59(p, n). The values of τ obtained for the remaining seven target nuclei are respectively 0.53, 0.56, 0.51, 0.57, 0.59, 0.49 and 0.46 MeV, with an estimated absolute error of 0.02 MeV. For those nuclei for which the neutron spectra agree with theory, the variation of the level density parameter with atomic weight is roughly a ≈ 0.094 A(MeV)−1. Angular distributions were obtained for four representative target nuclei. The angular distributions of neutrons from Sn120(p, n) and In115(p, n) were isotropic to within 5%, whereas those from Nb93(p, n) and Co59(p, n) were symmetric about 90° with dips at 90° of 5% for Nb93 and 7% for Co59. The angular distributions, in conjunction with information about the neutron spectra at 0° and 135° show that the contribution of direct interaction to these (p, n) cross sections is less than 5%.
Ozone Exposure During thE Early Postnatal Period Alters the Timing and Pattern of Alveolar Growth and Development in Nonhuman Primates

Exposure to oxidant air pollutants in early childhood, with ozone as the key oxidant, has been linked to significant decrements in pulmonary function in young adults and exacerbation of airway remodeling in asthma. Development of lung parenchyma in rhesus monkeys is rapid during the first 2 years of life (comparable to the first 6 years in humans). Our hypothesis is that ozone inhalation during infancy alters alveolar morphogenesis. We exposed infant rhesus monkeys biweekly to 5, 8hr/day, cycles of 0.5 ppm ozone with or without house dust mite allergen from 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 months of age. Monkeys were necropsied at 3 and 6 months of age. A morphometric approach was used to quantify changes in alveolar volume and number, the distribution of alveolar size, and capillary surface density per alveolar septa. Quantitative real time PCR was used to measure the relative difference in gene expression over time. Monkeys exposed to ozone alone or ozone combined with allergen had statistically larger alveoli that were less in number at 3 months of age. Alveolar capillary surface density was also decreased in the ozone exposed groups at 3 months of age. At 6 months of age, the alveolar number was similar between treatment groups and was associated with a significant rise in alveolar number from 3 to 6 months of age in the ozone exposed groups. This increase in alveolar number was not associated with any significant increase in microvascular growth as measured by morphometry or changes in angiogenic gene expression. Inhalation of ozone during infancy alters the appearance and timing of alveolar growth and maturation. Understanding the mechanism involved with this altered alveolar growth may provide insight into the parenchymal injury and repair process that is involved with chronic lung diseases such as severe asthma and COPD. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large data sets: opportunities and challenges for educational researchers

This article discusses the research potential of some of the National Center for Educational Statistics' data sets, specifically those focused on junior and senior high school students. All share some characteristics, but it is the most recent (National Education Longitudinal Study:1988) which is the most comprehensive. Since data is gathered not only from the students themselves, but also from parents, teachers and school administrators, researchers can begin to put the educational process “in context” and include extra classroom factors in their analyses. Data is available on CD-ROMs, a format which has advantages as well as limitations. Given the fact that NELS:88 began when the students were in the 8th grade, it is possible to study the gender gap in mathematics and science. Missing data, internal inconsistencies, and lack of school contextual data are problems. In addition, as presently constructed, these data sets cannot be used to study students attending schools in the very large cities.
Headache symptomology, neuroticism, and the Gordon Personal Inventory.

Personality measures derived from facror analysis have been related to headaches (Hundleby & Loucks, 1985). To further similar invesr~gnt~on, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, Form A (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1968); the Gordon l'ersonal Inventory (Gordon, 1963); and seven questions of headache symptomology: (a) "About how many times, in the last month, did you get very bad headaches? (Number of times) -,I' (b) "Are your headaches usually felt as throbbing or recurring?," (c) "Are your headaches usudy felt as a constant pressure or tightness around your head?," (d) "Are your headaches usually felt on only one side of your head?," (e) "Are your headaches usually accompanied by nausea or vomiting?," (f) "Do your headaches blur or otherwise disturb your vision?," and (g) "Are your headaches accompanied by stuffiness or running in your nose?," were administered to a sample of undergraduates. Ths sample, whose mean age was 21.5 yr. (SD = 4.1 yr.), was composed of 130 men and 130 women, who were recruited at a university. First, the Eysenck Neuroticisrn scores were s~~n~f~cantly correlated with four of the seven headache questions; the Pearson cotrelation (dj= 258) was .24 (p ,051. Lastly, the Pearson correlation between the Neuroticism score and the number of headache questions affirmed by each subject was .20 (p<.01). These results agree with those of a similar study (Kentle, 19891
A case of envenomation by the neotropical colubrid snake, Stenorrhina freminvillei

The case history of a bite by the neotropical opisthoglyph, Stenorrhina freminvillei, is presented. This is apparently the first documentation of human envenomation by this genus. Localized pain and swelling were the predominant symptoms; no systemic reaction was noted. Such mild effects are consistent with the bites reported for other New World colubrids, in contrast to the potentially lethal effects produced by Old World colubrid genera Dispholidus, Thelotornis, Rhabdophis and Atractaspis.
Smoluchowski dynamics of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain from Drosophila melanogaster: second-order maximum correlation approximation.

The mode coupling diffusion theory is applied to the derivation of local dynamics in proteins in solution. The rotational dynamics of the bonds along the protein sequence are calculated and compared to the experimentally measured nmr (15)N spin-lattice relaxation time T(1), at 36.5, 60.8, and 81.1 MHz of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain from Drosophila melanogaster. The starting point for the calculations is the experimental three-dimensional solution structure of the homeodomain determined by multidimensional nmr spectroscopy. The higher order mode-coupling computations are compared also with the recently published first-order approximation calculations. The more accurate calculations improve substantially the first-order ORZLD calculations and show that the role of the strength of the hydrodynamic interactions becomes crucial to fix the order of magnitude of the rotational dynanics for these very compact molecules characterized by partial screening of the internal atoms to water. However, the relative mobility of the bonds along the sequence and the differential fluctuations depend only weakly on the hydrodynamic strength but strongly on the geometry of the three-dimensional structure and on the statistics incorporated into the theory. Both rigid and fluctuating dynamic models are examined, with fluctuations evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations. The comparison with nmr data shows that mode coupling diffusion accounts for the T(1) relaxation pattern at low frequency where the rotational tumbling dominates. An important contribution of internal motions in the nanosecond time scale is seen at high frequencies and is discussed in terms of diffusive concepts.
Histological Effects of Injecting Residual Ovarian Extracts. Frederic Groetsema

THE PREPARATION and some physiological effects of injecting residual ovarian extracts are described in previous communications.1–4 In one of these1 it was mentioned that a histological examination showed more embedded ova in the experimental animals than in the controls. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze more in detail the histological differences and to show that these differences may be due to the reciprocal action of the ovarian extract upon the pituitary gland. Young immature (21–23 days old) rats, were injected with residual ovarian extract for 10 to 20 days. The animals received in general ¼ cc- oftne extract equivalent to 3.6 gm. of fresh ovary daily, which contain estrogenic substances equivalent to 1 R.U. per day. It took 5 R.U. per day of estrone1 to open the vagina in the same time. All animals were killed by ether, the body cavity opened immediately and the ovaries removed, fixed, sectioned and stained as soon as possible.
Chemotherapy, chemoresistance and the changing treatment landscape for NSCLC

Management of patients with lung cancer continues to pose a considerable challenge to today's oncologist. While treatment may be curative in the early stages of the disease, the majority of patients are not diagnosed until the tumor has progressed beyond the primary site. Most patients face an intensive and invasive treatment regimen comprising surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, or combinations thereof depending on disease stage/performance status. Most will require chemotherapy even if their initial surgery is potentially curative; for those with advanced disease, chemotherapy may be their only treatment option. Moreover, the majority of patients will require multiple lines of therapy as their cancer cells acquire resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents to which they are exposed. Resistance to current chemotherapeutics available for the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents one of the most significant barriers to improving long-term outcomes for this vulnerable patient group. Future management may lie in individualizing therapy through careful selection of appropriate agents based on the likelihood of response and the development of resistance. A number of biomarkers are emerging that predict response to current therapeutics; work is ongoing to develop appropriate algorithms based on such markers to guide treatment selection. In addition, novel chemotherapeutics are in development including new platinum analogs such as picoplatin (a cisplatin analog), ABT-751 (a sulfonamide) and tubulin binding agents (TBAs) such as the epothilones, providing hope for the future.
The art and science of multimedia: an interdisciplinary approach to teaching multimedia at a liberal arts college

At Wellesley College, very rarely do the Fine Art and Computer Science faculty cross paths. At least that was the case until last year when we taught an experimental course that brought together the work we were doing in our respective corners of multimedia into one class. The course was taught for a second time in the spring of 1998 semester and has been incorporated into the curriculum. This paper describes our experience organizing and teaching such a course.
INTRACLUTCH VARIATION IN EGG CONDUCTANCE FACILITATES HATCHING SYNCHRONY OF CANADA GEESE

Abstract. In many avian species with synchronously hatching young, incubation and embryonic development begin prior to the completion of the clutch. However, mechanisms regulating synchronous hatching and more rapid embryonic development in eggs laid later in the clutch are poorly understood. We measured physical characteristics of eggs from complete clutches of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) to investigate whether variation in eggshell conductance, shell thickness, shell porosity, or rates of yolk accumulation during egg formation might support the observed increase in metabolic rate of eggs laid later. Canada Geese lay large clutches (7–9 eggs) and initiate incubation before completing them (approximately with egg 3), but the young hatch and leave the nest synchronously. Both conductance (from ∼15 mg H2O torr-1 day-1 for the first to ∼25 mg H2O torr-1 day-1 for the eighth egg in the clutch) and porosity (from ∼2.5 pores cm 2 for the first to ∼3.0 pores cm -2 for the eighth egg in the clutch) increased...
The effects of zirconium in titanium-base alloys

The results of studies on the effects of Zr on room temperature mechanical properties when substituted for a portion of the titanium content in selected alpha, alpha-dispersoid, alpha-beta, and beta-Ti alloys are discussed. Zr was found to have a mild strengthening effect in Ti and in a variety of Ti alloys, but it appears to have quite limited usefulness as a strengthening addition. Modification of alphadispersoid, alpha-beta, or beta alloys with Zr did not appear to result in any significant improvements in the alloys. Data are tabulated. (P.C.H.)
Localization of calcium binding sites associated with the calcium spike in barnacle muscle.

La ion behaves as a competitive inhibitor of Ca ions on the calcium spike in the giant muscle fiber of the barnacle,Balanus nubilus. La-treated muscle fibers, in which the rate of rise of the spike was diminished to a known degree, have been examined with the electron-microscope. In such fibers dense particles are seen in association with the surface membrane and external lamina of the cell. La particles are not seen in association with fibers that have been allowed to recover from La inhibition before fixation. The number of La particles seen in association with the muscle fiber increases with increasing La concentration when the Ca and Mg concentrations are held constant and decreases with increasing Ca and Mg concentration when the La concentration is held constant. The results suggest that the La visible in the electron-microscope under the conditions of these experiments is bound to a class of sites similar to those involved in the Ca spike.
Angiotensin I-generating acid endopeptidase activity in neurosecretory vesicles isolated from bovine pituitary

Secretory vesicles purified from the neural and intermediate lobes of the bovine pituitary contain acidic endopeptidases which are capable of converting renin tetradecapeptide (RTD) substrate to Angiotensin I (AI). Preliminary characterization of the neurosecretory vesicle (NSV) endopeptidase showed that it had a pH optimum of 4.0, and unlike renin was inactive at pHs greater than 6.0. It is inhibited by 10(-6) M pepstatin A, but not by PMSF, leupeptin, PMBS, or the specific renin inhibitor H-142. This NSV endopeptidase differed from cathepsin D in that it was unable to degrade alpha-casein, but was quite active in generating AI from RTD (Vmax = 5 moles/g protein/hour). No enzyme activity that could convert AI to Angiotensin II could be detected in the NSVs suggesting that the acidic endopeptidase is involved in processing neurosecretory vesicle proteins other than those associated with the renin angiotensin system in the brain.