cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iron Sucrose in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Iron Deficiency

Purpose Intravenous iron repletion in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and iron deficiency has been shown to safely improve functional capacity and quality of life. Despite common use of intravenous (IV) iron repletion in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and iron deficiency, there is insufficient evidence regarding outcomes in this patient population. In this study, we quantified safety and efficacy endpoints in patients with LVADs and iron deficiency who were treated as inpatients with IV iron sucrose. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients on LVAD support with iron deficiency who received inpatient IV iron sucrose. Patient data was collected from a single, large academic medical center between 3/2017 and 7/2019. The primary endpoint was change in hemoglobin from baseline to 12 weeks post-infusion. Secondary endpoints were a change in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), ferritin, transferrin saturation, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class from baseline to 12 weeks post-infusion. Safety endpoints included anaphylaxis, arrhythmias, or infections post-infusion and during admission. Iron deficiency was pre-defined as ferritin Results A total of 54 patients (median age 59, IQR 50-68, 80% male) on LVAD support with iron deficiency received inpatient iron sucrose infusions between 3/2017 and 7/2019. Mean difference in hemoglobin at 12 weeks post-infusion was +2.2 g/dL (9.3 to 11.5 g/dL; p Conclusion Use of IV iron therapy in patients with continuous-flow LVAD is well-tolerated and associated with longitudinal improvements in hemoglobin and functional capacity. This adds to limited data regarding IV iron use in patients supported by LVAD.
A Motion Induced Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor for Stationary Human Occupancy Detection

Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors are commonly used in indoor applications to detect human presence. PIR sensors detect human presence by detecting the change in infrared radiation across the polarity of the sensor. Due to this, PIR sensors are unable to accurately detect stationary human subjects, which results in false negatives. In the pursuit of creating a low-cost solution for detecting stationary occupants in a closed space, the novel approach to mount a PIR sensor on a moving platform was developed (MI-PIR). This approach was developed for the system to artificially induce the motion that is necessary for stationary human detection. Utilizing the raw analog output of the PIR sensor and an artificial neural network (ANN), the closed space was accurately classified for room occupancy, the number of occupants, the approximate location of the human targets, and the differentiation of targets. This novel approach provides the advantages of a utilizing a single PIR sensor for human presence detection, while eliminating the major known drawback to this type of sensor. Scanning the room using a PIR sensor also allows for an expanded field of view (FoV) and a simpler deployment, in comparison to other approaches using a PIR sensor. Finally, MI-PIR expands the functionalities of PIR sensors by using an ANN to detect various other occupancy parameters. The experimental results show that the system can detect room classification with 99% accuracy, 91% accuracy in occupancy count estimation, 93% accuracy in relative location prediction, and 93% accuracy in human target differentiation. These results show promise for an application of tracking and monitoring an at-risk patient in an indoor setting.
The Relevance of Hostility and Self-Control as Mediators of the Relationship Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Offending:

Hostility and low self-control are two hallmark characteristics of antisocial personality disorder and are also risk factors for offending. This study tested for mediating effects of these concepts...
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Undergraduate Dietetics Students.

Abstract Objective To understand the mental health and stressors of current nutrition and dietetics students. Design Cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 611 current Didactic Program in Dietetics (DPD) students in the US were recruited through DPD program directors. Methods Electronic survey included measures of anxiety, stress, depression, and specific stressors. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and qualitative thematic analysis. Results Most students experienced normal levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared with the general population. A subset experienced some level of depression (30%), anxiety (40%), and stress (27%). Significant sources of stress were postgraduation plans (including internships), managing time, dietetics courses, finances, and self-imposed expectations. Conclusions and Implications The identification of a subset of DPD students experiencing symptoms of mental health challenges and recognition that there are common stressors among DPD students may increase awareness among educators, guide development of course policies, and highlight the importance of mitigating major sources of stress for students.
Effects of Acute Beta-Alanine Ingestion and Immersion-Plus-Exercise on Connectedness to Nature and Perceived Pain

This double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study examined the effect of induced painful sensation (via acute Beta Alanine (B-ALA) ingestion) on Love and Care of Nature (LCN), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) during outdoor exercise. Twenty participants volunteered on consecutive days to complete a 0.8 km (0.5 mi) up-hill hike after consuming either B-ALA (6.4 g) or placebo. Immediately after consumption participants answered LCN, RPE, and MPQ questionnaires, immersed in a natural environment for 45 min, and then completed a hike as quickly as possible without running. No difference in HR (p = 0.846), or RPE (p = 0.606) were observed between treatments. Total MPQ scores increased with consumption of B-ALA (p = 0.001). An increased LCN score was observed following exercise regardless of condition (p = 0.035). The results demonstrate that acute B-ALA supplementation is effective in increasing perceived pain sensations. The results also demonstrate an increase in LCN in the presence of increased perceptions of pain sensations during exercise.
Impact of Covid-19 on field and office workforce in construction industry

The COVID-19 outbreak is the greatest global health crisis in many years. It has had a dramatic effect on workforces and workplaces all around the world, as it has spawned a massive change in the working atmosphere and raised the level of employees’ concerns about their mental health and physical wellbeing. The construction industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and has been challenged to improve the safety and wellbeing of its workforce. The objectives of this study are to identify the health and safety issues that construction workers have encountered during the pandemic and to recommend management strategies to combat them. A thorough literature search on recently published literature, industry experiences, reports, and other related documents was performed to collect and categorize the required data. Seventeen COVID-19 challenges were identified and classified into five categories, and the results revealed that the lack of a safe environment in the workplace, heavy workloads, home situations, and concerns about job stability often contribute to anxiety, depression, and even suicide. Eleven strategies were identified to overcome these challenges, and the results demonstrated that redefining worksite safety by placing signs, ensuring a safe distance between workers, providing sanitizers and washing stations in the fields, and utilizing effective technologies would enhance project productivity while keeping workers safe. The findings of this study will help the project managers and authorities in the construction industry understand the challenges of the pandemic and adopt effective strategies that will improve the health and safety of their workforce.
Accounting for Intangible Assets: There Is Also an Income Statement

Accounting is often criticized for omitting intangible assets from the balance sheet. This paper points out that the omission is not necessarily a deficiency. There is also an income statement, and the value of intangible (and other) assets can be ascertained from the income statement. Thus, calls for the recognition of ‘intangible assets’ on the balance sheet may be misconceived. The paper lays out the property whereby the income statement corrects for deficiencies in the balance sheet. It then explores the case where the income statement perfectly corrects for a deficient balance sheet and the case where it does so imperfectly. In the latter case, the paper then asks whether accounting in the balance sheet—by capitalization and amortization of intangible assets or carrying them at fair value—could remedy the deficiency in the income statement (or makes it worse). The investigation involves an analysis and valuation of Microsoft Corporation and Dell Inc., two companies presumed to posses a good deal of ‘intangibles assets’. The paper is instructive, not only to those concerned with accounting issues but also to analysts attempting to value firms, like Microsoft and Dell, with assets missing from the balance sheet.
Improvements in self-administration studies based on changes in skin button type and surgical technique.

Abstract Introduction These studies, ranging in duration from 3 to 8 months, evaluated the patency and longevity of the intravenous (IV) self-administration surgical model in male Sprague Dawley rats. Surgeries were categorized and assessed based on the number of catheter and/or skin button repairs required per animal across four separate self-administration studies. Design improvements in skin button types and changes in surgical procedures were chronologically tracked and assessed. Methods Animals were evaluated under a self-administration paradigm in which they were trained to respond for a food reward under a fixed ratio schedule (FR5 or FR10). Animals were then surgically prepared with a femoral catheter and skin button port. Following recovery, animals were returned to food-maintained responding for at least 5 sessions and subsequently trained to respond for injections of a reinforcing drug. Once drug training criteria was established, the effects of vehicle or varying doses of test articles were evaluated. Animals were tested in operant chambers one hour each day 5 days a week and the length of each study was recorded. Differences in the number of repairs per study as well as the total number of repairs were tabulated. Results Study length was directly correlated to the mean number of repairs occurring per study, with study length increasing as the total number of repairs increased. The majority of repairs were skin button-related issues. Multiple combinations of skin button types and surgical techniques were implemented across time to evaluate model efficiency and decrease overall cycle time per study. Initial combinations produced a greater number of repairs on a per study basis. However, the skin button type and surgical technique combination that resulted in the fewest number of total repairs used a lateral incision with a dorsal biopsy punch. Discussion The combination of improvements in skin button type and surgical techniques drastically decreased the number of surgical repairs required per study, increasing efficiency and thereby decreasing the overall cycle time for study completion.
Of Monsters and Lawyers

This is a review essay of David Luban's important and prescient new book, Torture, Power, and Law. The review essay focuses on two of Luban's central arguments: The fallacious trade-off between civil liberties and national security after the 9/11 attacks and the manipulation of anti-torture law by Bush administration lawyers. Although I largely agree with Luban's analysis, I contend that the "coercive interrogation program" and other war on terror policies cannot be fully understood without considering anti-Muslim attitudes in the United States. I also question whether, in analyzing the ethics of government lawyers, the distinction between frivolous and non-frivolous legal positions is as marked as Luban suggests.
The Methods by Danjon and Rabe

The eccentricity e affects not only the position of the primary star in the orbit but also the rate of change of angular velocity over the revolution. Thus, e can in principle be determined from the shape of the curve θ(t) without using separations. Consider now two opposite points of the orbit. (θ2 – θ 1 = 180°) Then v2 – v1 — 180° also holds, as the projection effects are the same, but M2 — M1 does not equal 180° except if e = 0, or if the two points are on the major axis. Graph the function M2 - M1 - 180° for a number of pairs of opposite points over the orbit; then its zero points determine periastron and apastron, and the extremum values depend only on e = sin φ. In fact, they equal 2φ + sin 2φ The remaining elements are readily found, as corresponding pairs (θ, v) are now known.
B----A transitions within a 5 S ribosomal RNA gene are highly sequence-specific.

Abstract The UV footprinting technique has been used to detect and map, at single nucleotide resolution, the formation of A conformations within a sea urchin 5S ribosomal RNA gene. Increasing amounts of the dehydrating agent, trifluorethanol, were used to induce the B----A transition. Our measurements argue that the B----A transition is highly sequence-specific. Fourteen different sequences within a fragment of DNA bearing the 5 S gene were found to undergo the B----A transition independently of one another. There is a striking relationship between the midpoint of the B----A transition for each stretch of DNA and its (G+C) content. DNA sequences at the boundary between A and B conformations do not appear to be significantly distorted. A (dAdT)8 tract at the 3' end of the 5 S gene undergoes the B----A transition in two cooperative steps suggesting that for some sequences the B----A transition may actually proceed through the formation of a previously unidentified intermediate. Although the sequence specificity of the B----A transition may be exploited by regulatory proteins when they bind DNA, our measurements argue that binding of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor 111A to 5 S genes does not.
Plasma and plasma derivatives in therapeutic plasmapheresis

In therapeutic plasmapheresis, patient plasma is withdrawn and a colloid replacement solution is infused in its place. A 4% to 5% human serum albumin solution in saline is the preferred replacement solution in most instances, even though this practice causes transient mild deficiencies of most plasma proteins. Albumin solutions are pasteurized for viral inactivation, are very unlikely to cause a febrile or allergic reaction, and are convenient to store and administer. Single-donor plasma must be type specific, which requires advance knowledge of patient blood type, and must be ordered and usually thawed before use. It also carries a higher risk of reactions. On the plus side, it replaces all plasma constituents and is appropriate for patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or an existing coagulopathy. Neither cryosupernatant plasma, which is relatively deficient in the proteins in cryoprecipitate, nor plasma derived from pools that have been virally inactivated with detergents and organic solvents has been shown to produce better outcomes than fresh frozen plasma for any indication.
Abstract P211: Response to a School-based Health Intervention in High- and Low-income Communities

Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and is a major health issue in the United States. Previous studies show higher rates of obesity in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities. The efficacy of school-based interventions in these communities is not as well documented. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that low SES would be less healthy at baseline and show greater improvement than high SES. Methods: Project Healthy Schools (PHS) is a school-based intervention targeted at middle-school students in lower Michigan. We studied body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid profiles, resting and recovery heart rate (HR), and behavioral characteristics in 3147 middle-school students. Students were stratified into 2 groups: high SES and low SES. Ann Arbor (median family income=$53,377) students were included in the high SES cohort (n=1840) while Ypsilanti ($33,699) and Detroit ($27,862) were considered low SES (n=1307). Chi-square, Wilcoxon, and t-tests were conducted to compare baseline and baseline-to-follow-up data. Median household income was based on US Census Bureau data. Results: At baseline, those students in the low SES cohort performed significantly worse than the students in the high SES cohort in nearly every category, most notably: BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, resting and recovery HR, fried food consumption, exercise, and screen time. Upon follow-up, post-intervention examination, low SES improved recovery HR, screen time, fried meat and snacks, and sugary beverages significantly more than high SES. High SES improved fruit, BP, and total cholesterol significantly more than low SES. Conclusions: The PHS intervention was more efficacious in a number of categories in higher-risk, low SES communities. This suggests a need for the implementation of similar school-based programs in low SES areas.
Plasmid-Mediated Biodegradative Fate of Monohalogenated Biphenyls in Facultatively Anaerobic Sediments

Interactions between bacterial populations and environmental pollutants which result in the partial or complete biodegradation of the pollutant are of multifaceted importance. Studying these interactions can provide useful information for predicting the persistence of pollutants and needs for discharge and release regulations. Additional information can be obtained to quantify and assess pollutant exposure levels from both ecological and environmental health perspectives. Such studies may also be a source of new bacterial isolates containing genetic information potentially useful for wastewater treatment and pollution abatement. Finally, qualitative and quantitative descriptions of these interactions may provide insights into microbial evolution and natural selection, ranging from the population level to the molecular level. The objective of this report is to review some fundamental concepts and problems related to the microbial ecology of pollutant biodegradation in anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic sediments, and to describe in greater detail current research on the biodegradation of monohalogenated biphenyls (as models for polychlorinated biphenyls) by sediment bacterial populations.
Verification of a controller for bart: an approach based on horn logic and denotational semantics

We present a semantics-based framework for verifying real-time controllers implemented in Ada. Our semantics-based framework uses techniques based on denotational semantics, logic programming, and partial evaluation. We illustrate our framework by verifying the correctness of the real-time controller for the Bay Area Rapid Transit System (BART). The main property we wish to verify is that if two consecutive trains start out with some minimum separation distance between them (that is deemed to be safe), then a safe distance is always maintained. This safe distance is dependent on a number of different variables, such as speed, acceleration, and track gradient. Our approach allows automatic derivation of a verification system from the Ada-implementation of the controller.
Exploiting value locality to exceed the dataflow limit

The serialization constraints imposed by true data dependences have always been regarded as an absolute dataflow limit on the parallel execution of serial programs. This paper describes value prediction, a new technique that allows data dependent instructions to issue and execute in parallel without violating program semantics. This technique exploits value locality, or the likelihood of the recurrence of a previously-seen value within a storage location inside a computer system. Value prediction consists of predicting entire 32- and 64-bit register values based on previously-seen values. We find that values loaded from memory or generated by ALU instructions are frequently predictable. Furthermore, we show that simple microarchitectural enhancements to a modern microprocessor implementation based on the PowerPC 620 that enable value prediction can effectively exploit value locality to collapse true dependences, reduce average memory and result latencies, and provide average performance gains of 3%-23% by exceeding the dataflow limit.
How many hours

In July 1989 the New York State Department of Health enacted regulations that limited hours worked by residents, increased supervision by attending staff, and augmented ancillary services. The plan, proposed by the Bell Commission, has radically transformed postgraduate medical education by paring down the work week to eighty hours and by restricting shifts to twenty-four hours. The state believed that improved supervision and shortened hours would improve patient care, foster medical education, and reduce resident fatigue and stress. Prompted by developments in New York, state legislators and policy-makers across the country are reexamining the grueling schedules traditionally worked by physicians in training. Although New York is still the only state with mandated restrictions, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Pennsylvania have similar bills pending. Proposed legislation in Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, and Missouri that sought comparable reforms has been unsuccessful. Legislators in California and New Jersey are studying the issue in more detail. Although these reforms represent a long overdue correction of residency training first introduced nearly a century ago, the commission's recommendations may have hidden liabilities that could threaten fruitful post-graduate medical education and compromise patient care. Forcing house officers to leave after twenty-four hours on call may deprive them of an educational process that continues into the day after admission. A resident's preliminary clinical impressions are often refined by instruction from senior staff bolstered by laboratory results available only the morning after admission. This critical period of instruction could be jeopardized by state relations. Continuity of care is often compromised by shortened shifts which require that more physicians participate in an individual patient's management. Under the Bell regulations, patients admitted overnight to the hospital might expect their care to be provided by three different physicians over the first twenty-four hours of hospitalization. When a group of physicians replace an individual practitioner, the risk of miscommunication is heightened. Sign-out procedures between physicians are unfortunately unable to replace first-hand knowledge of a patient. The intricate "cross coverage" system needed to comply with the Bell reforms also requires residents to cover for patients they have never met. When residents do meet their colleagues' patients it is generally because of an acute problem that requires them to distinguish the unimportant complaint from the critical symptom. Deprived of any previous exposure to the patient, save for the sign-out sheet, inexperienced physicians will often order additional medical tests "to play it safe. …
Seismic structure and lithospheric rheology from deep crustal xenoliths, central Montana, USA

[1] Improved resolution of lower crustal structure, composition, and physical properties enhances our understanding and ability to model tectonic processes. The cratonic core of Montana and Wyoming, USA, contains some of the most enigmatic lower crust known in North America, with a high seismic velocity layer contributing to as much as half of the crustal column. Petrological and physical property data for xenoliths in Eocene volcanic rocks from central Montana provide new insight into the nature of the lower crust in this region. Inherent heterogeneity in xenoliths derived from depths below ∼30 km support a composite origin for the deep layer. Possible intralayer velocity steps may complicate the seismic definition of the crust/mantle boundary and interpretations of crustal thickness, particularly when metasomatized upper mantle is considered. Mafic mineral-dominant crustal xenoliths and published descriptions of mica-bearing peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths suggest a strong lower crust overlying a potentially weaker upper mantle.
Initiation of human parturition

Arachidonic acid (the precursor of prostaglandins of the 2-series and related compounds) is released from phosphatidylinositol in a reaction sequence catalyzed by three enzymes, i.e., phospholipase C, diacylglycerol lipase, and monoacylglycerol lipase. Diacylglycerol, an intermediate in this pathway, was found in human amnion tissue. The fatty acid composition of the diacylglycerol fraction of amnion tissue was very similar to that of the phosphatidylinositol fraction. The diacylglycerol content of human amnion tissue obtained during early labor was greater than that of amnion tissue obtained before the onset of labor. These findings are supportive of the proposition that arachidonic acid is released from the phosphatidylinositol of amnion tissue during human parturition.
Comparative Assessment of Two Recent On-Line Process Identification Techniques

Brantley, et al (1982) recently presented an on-line procedure for identification of overdamped second order plus deadtime processes. In this paper we compare the advantages and disadvantages of their method with an on-line procedure which uses the Luus-Jaakola (LJ) Optimization technique (1973, 1981). The comparison is made in terms of ease of programming, execution times, and the reliability of results obtained with different initial starting values of the process parameters. The results of the on-line procedure which utilized the LJ Optimization technique are not as sensitive to starting values as the Brantley et al (1982) procedure. Examples of the application of the two techniques are discussed in this paper, including the potential application of the technique in the determination of optimal tuning constants of digital controllers.
Strain-tuning of periodic optical devices: tunable gratings and photonic crystals

We demonstrate strain-tuning of periodic optical devices-diffractive gratings and photonic crystals-on a deformable membrane piezoelectrically actuated with sub-nanometer resolution. In the tunable gratings implementation, period changes up to 8.3 nm (0.21% membrane strain) and diffracted order angular changes up to 486 /spl mu/radians at 10 V are measured, in agreement with the theoretical model. For the strain-tunable photonic crystal microcavity, first-order perturbation theory suggests a 4.2 nm wavelength shift in resonance at C-band optical signals. The fabricated microcavity, with 130 nm minimum feature size, shows resonance at 1555.4 nm and Q of 159.
Modeling flow characteristics of reactor sumps

After a postulated loss of coolant accident in a nuclear powerplant, heated water from the core is removed through the emergency reactor building floor sump, cooled, and reinjected into the core or the containment building via the spray system. Reduced scale models of reactor sumps are demonstrated to be an efficient means to assure the hydraulic performance of the emergency core cooling system is adequate for long term operation. Similitude criteria for model operation are described, considering the phenomena of interest such as free surface and submerged vortices, swirling flow in the pump suction lines, and energy losses in the flow path. Typical model scale ratios, construction techniques, instrumentation, and operating procedures are described. Test results from several typical recent studies are used to illustrate design features which are desirable and those that are undesirable.
Juxtaposition of expressed variable antigen genes with a conserved telomere in the bacterium Borrelia hermsii.

Abstract Borrelia hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever, survives in mammals through antigenic variation. Change in serotype-specific variable outer membrane proteins (Vmps) occurs when a Vmp gene at an expression site is replaced with a previously silent gene for another Vmp. Silent and active genes are on separate linear plasmids. The upstream site for a nonreciprocal recombination between two linear plasmids is near the 5' ends of the expressed and silent genes. In the present study we sought the downstream recombination sites in two serotypes, 7 and 21. Restriction fragments containing plasmid telomeres were identified by susceptibility to digestion with BAL-31 and rapid reannealment following denaturation. Whereas both silent genes and a minority population of both expression-linked genes were several kilobases from the telomeres, the predominant population of both expressed genes had 3' ends near plasmid telomeres. Sequence analysis of the predominant expression plasmids revealed that the telomeric sequences were the same in serotypes 7 and 21. Identical sequence was also downstream of silent Vmp genes. Switching of Vmp genes appears to occur by recombination that involves both upstream and downstream sites. The expression plasmid's telomere is preserved in the recombination event.
Atomistic simulation of multicycle asperity contact

Abstract We performed molecular dynamics simulations of repetitive contact and separation of a surface containing an initially hemispherical asperity and a flat. We monitor the force between the two surfaces and the Q 6 order parameter together with the evolution of the structure/morphology. Typically, the force–displacement relation exhibits a sawtooth form during loading, associated with repetitive generation and motion of partial dislocations and the creation and annihilation of stacking faults. The unloading is characterized by elastic deformation followed by plastic deformation of a type that leads to stacking faults different from those seen in loading. During repetitive contact, the system accumulates stacking faults as a result of Shockley partial glide and transforms from face-centered cubic (fcc) to hexagonal close packed (hcp). On the next unloading step, additional Shockley partial glide occurs, transforming the system back from the metastable hcp to fcc. The new fcc structure has a twin relation to the original fcc structure. The new fcc structure has a lower Schmid factor than the original fcc (or hcp) structure and consequently exhibits larger pull-off forces.
COMPARISON OF THE FATTY ACIDS OF LIPIDS OF SUBCELLULAR BRAIN FRACTIONS

Rat brain grey and white matter were fractionated to yield myelin, nerve termi- nal, synaptic vesicle, nerve terminal 'ghost', and microsomal fractions of white and grey matter. Ester-type glycolipids were found in all fractions except myelin, while cerebrosides occurred in significant concentrations only in myelin and white microsomes. Comparison of the fatty acid profile of the ethanolamine- and serine-containing phospholipids showed marked differences between myelin and the particles from grey matter, while the micro- somes of white matter were of intermediate composition. Docosahexaenoic acid, a minor acid in myelin, was a major fatty acid in microsomes of grey and white matter. The fatty acid composition of sphingomyelin was distinctly different in the fractions derived from grey and white matter, clustering about stearate and nervonate in the latter, but only about stearate in the grey. Marked differences in the positional distribution of fatty acids were seen within phosphatidyl choline from myelin and nerve terminals. Ribonucleic acid was found in nerve terminal and synaptic vesicle fractions. The sphingosine found in the ganglioside from microsomes of both grey and white matter was similar with respect to distribution of the CIS and Cao homologues. The possibility is discussed that microsomes furnish characteristic lipids for the synthesis or renewal of specific membranes, and that these lipids are accumulated somewhat before being released. WITH the advent of improved methods for preparing subcellular fractions from brain, many workers have carried out analyses of various lipid classes in the major fractions. We have extended these studies by examining additional brain fractions and by analyzing as well the fatty acids of several lipid classes. It was of particular interest to compare the microsomes of grey and white matter, since the former might be a major source of lipids for neuronal perikarya and synaptic membranes, while the latter may be the source for myelin membranes. Further to elucidate the composition of the synaptic membranes, we analysed three related fractions: the nerve terminals (nerve endings or synaptosomes), the synaptic vesicles, and the nerve terminal 'ghosts', a particulate fraction obtained from the osmotically disrupted nerve termi- nals. Because of the possible implications of ribonucleic acid in brain function, it seemed of value to examine also the nerve terminal and synaptic vesicle fractions for this material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Preparation of subcellularparticles. Sprague-Dawley rats (Holtman variety) weighing 120-150 g were killed by decapitation, and the brains were uickly removed, chilled, and homogenized in cold 0.32 M-sucrose. The BRODY and BAIN procedure 71952) was used to prepare the crude mitochondria1 fraction and the microsomal fraction. All solutions used contained 5 X M-eSerine.
Characterization of superconducting SmBa2Cu3O7 films grown by pulsed laser deposition

We have investigated epitaxial superconducting SmBa2Cu3O7 (Sm123) films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates. The deposition temperature plays an important role in determining the superconducting properties of Sm123 films. The superconducting transition temperature increases with the deposition temperature whereas the transition width decreases at deposition temperatures in the range of 700–875 °C. A Sm123 film deposited at 850 °C exhibits a transition temperature above 93 K with a transition width less than 0.5 K. Even though Sm123 films exhibit a higher transition temperature than Yba2Cu3O7 (Y123), the Sm123 shows lower critical current density at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The nominal critical current density of Sm123 film is less than 1 MA/cm2 at 75.4 K. Nevertheless, the Sm123 films have less anisotropy and stronger pinning characteristics compared to Y123. They are also much smoother with fewer particulates, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.
Gustatory and second sensory seizures associated with lesions in the insular cortex seen on magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Three patients had partial seizures heralded by gustatory hallucinations. The only associated ictal event was unilateral sensory symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a structural abnormality encompassing the insular cortex and the peri-insular region in each patient. The phenomenology suggested gustatory and second sensory area seizures related to insular pathology.
The Ubiquitin Regulatory X (UBX) Domain-containing Protein TUG Regulates the p97 ATPase and Resides at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Intermediate Compartment

p97/VCP is a hexameric ATPase that is coupled to diverse cellular processes, such as membrane fusion and proteolysis. How p97 activity is regulated is not fully understood. Here we studied the potential role of TUG, a widely expressed protein containing a UBX domain, to control mammalian p97. In HEK293 cells, the vast majority of TUG was bound to p97. Surprisingly, the TUG UBX domain was neither necessary nor sufficient for this interaction. Rather, an extended sequence, comprising three regions of TUG, bound to the p97 N-terminal domain. The TUG C terminus resembled the Arabidopsis protein PUX1. Similar to the previously described action of PUX1 on AtCDC48, TUG caused the conversion of p97 hexamers into monomers. Hexamer disassembly was stoichiometric rather than catalytic and was not greatly affected by the p97 ATP-binding state or by TUG N-terminal regions in vitro. In HeLa cells, TUG localized to the endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi intermediate compartment and endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. Although siRNA-mediated TUG depletion had no marked effect on total ubiquitylated proteins or p97 localization, TUG overexpression caused an accumulation of ubiquitylated substrates and targeted both TUG and p97 to the nucleus. A physiologic role of TUG was revealed by siRNA-mediated depletion, which showed that TUG is required for efficient reassembly of the Golgi complex after brefeldin A removal. Together, these data support a model in which TUG controls p97 oligomeric status at a particular location in the early secretory pathway and in which this process regulates membrane trafficking in various cell types.
Synthesis and characterization of Pt-WO3 as methanol oxidation catalysts for fuel cells.

Several compositions of Pt−WO3 catalysts were synthesized and characterized for the electro-oxidation of methanol and CO. The surface morphologies of the catalysts were found to be dependent on the composition. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest a surface enrichment of WO3 in the codeposited Pt−WO3 catalysts. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in methanol show an improvement in catalytic activity for the Pt−WO3 catalysts. A significant improvement in the poison tolerance toward CO and other organic intermediates was observed in the mixed metal−metal oxide catalyst. The catalytic performance of the different compositons was directly compared by normalization of the current to active sites. CO-stripping voltammetry suggests the involvement of WO3 in the catalytic process as opposed to a mere physical effect as suggested by previous work. A possible mechanism for this improvement is proposed based on the electrochemical data.
Patient No-Show Predictive Model Development using Multiple Data Sources for an Effective Overbooking Approach

Background: Patient no-shows in outpatient delivery systems remain problematic. The negative impacts include underutilized medical resources, increased healthcare costs, decreased access to care, and reduced clinic efficiency and provider productivity. Objective: To develop an evidence-based predictive model for patient no-shows, and thus improve overbooking approaches in outpatient settings to reduce the negative impact of no-shows. Methods: Ten years of retrospective data were extracted from a scheduling system and an electronic health record system from a single general pediatrics clinic, consisting of 7,988 distinct patients and 104,799 visits along with variables regarding appointment characteristics, patient demographics, and insurance information. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the impact of variables on show or no-show status. Logistic regression was used to develop a no-show predictive model, which was then used to construct an algorithm to determine the no-show threshold that calculates a predicted show/no-show status. This approach aims to overbook an appointment where a scheduled patient is predicted to be a no-show. The approach was compared with two commonly-used overbooking approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness in terms of patient wait time, physician idle time, overtime and total cost. Results: From the training dataset, the optimal error rate is 10.6% with a no-show threshold being 0.74. This threshold successfully predicts the validation dataset with an error rate of 13.9%. The proposed overbooking approach demonstrated a significant reduction of at least 6% on patient waiting, 27% on overtime, and 3% on total costs compared to other common flat-overbooking methods. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates an alternative way to accommodate overbooking, accounting for the prediction of an individual patient’s show/no-show status. The predictive no-show model leads to a dynamic overbooking policy that could improve patient waiting, overtime, and total costs in a clinic day while maintaining a full scheduling capacity. Citation: Huang Y, Hanauer D.A. Patient no-show predictive model development using multiple data sources for an effective overbooking approach. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 836–860 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-04-RA-0026
Coral reef fish larvae: Patch size estimation and mixing in the plankton1

Site choisi: San Blas Islands, cote caraibe de Panama. Etude de la dispersion des larves de Thalassoma bifasciatum et de leur etablissement dans tel ou tel recif
The pre α→β transformation in high purity plutonium

Abstract The small thermal effect which has been detected on heating just below the α-β equilibrium temperature of plutonium by differential thermal analysis has been interpreted previously as being caused by an endothermic reaction. Experiments involving the thermal, electrical and physical properties of high purity plutonium were conducted which show that the small thermal effect just prior to the α-β equilibrium transformation temperature is caused by the exothermic transformation of retained γ to α phase which becomes inoperative above the reported pre α→β temperatures. The pre α→β phenomenon in high purity plutonium can be increased with thermal histories that increase the retention of γ phase plutonium and conversely the effect can be eliminated by first transforming the metastable higher temperature phases to α phase plutonium.
Photonic true-time-delays based on multiplexed substrate-guided wave propagation for phased array antenna applications

A compact and affordable photonic true-time-delay (TTD) beam steering device for phased array antenna applications using multiplexed substrate-guided wave propagation is presented. The TTD design uses holographic input and output couplers to change the direction of beam propagation as well as optical fanout. Optical delays of various delay lines can be adjusted easily through the substrate thickness and the total internal reflection angle inside the substrate material. Broadband microwave signals for feeding the radiating elements are generated through optical heterodyne technique and they are detected by metal-semiconductor-metal detector arrays. The physical aspects of phase-shifters and true-time-delays are first introduced. Then design issues on the photonic TTD architecture and practical constraints on making holographic grating couplers are discussed, especially concerning with recording gratings on DuPont photopolymer materials. Finally, the generation and detection of high frequency microwave signals up to 25 GHz by optical heterodyne techniques are illustrated.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in T-cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mononuclear phagocytes

Abstract Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and active TB enhances the progression of HIV-1 disease in dually infected subjects. In the microenvironment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)–infected foci, where HIV-1–infected CD4 T-cells come into contact with MTB-infected macrophages, the direct interaction of the two cell types in the activation of latent HIV-1 may be important. In this study we sought to determine whether MTB-infected human primary mononuclear phagocytes—namely, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and their less mature blood precursors, monocytes—activate HIV-1 in a T-cell line stably transfected with an HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) reporter construct (1G5 cells) and induce HIV-1 expression in T-cells from HIV-1–infected subjects. MTB-infected monocytes and AMs, and not Mycobacterium avium –infected cells, activated HIV-1 LTR in 1G5 cells in the presence and absence of HIV-1 tat . Transactivation of HIV-1 LTR by MTB-infected mononuclear phagocytes was mediated mainly by tumor necrosis factor-α. In AMs, but not monocytes, membrane tumor necrosis factor-α contributed to transactivation of HIV-1 LTR. MTB-infected MNs from 60% of HIV-infected subjects induced HIV-1 LTR in 1G5 cells as well. Furthermore, HIV-1 transcription was induced in autologous T-cells from 30% of the HIV-1–infected subjects. We therefore conclude that MTB-infected mononuclear phagocytes can transactivate HIV-1 in CD4 cells. Transactivation of latent HIV-1 in CD4 T-cells by MTB-infected mononuclear phagocytes may in part be responsible for increased HIV activity at sites of MTB infection during dual infection in vivo.
Glycine receptor antagonism: Effects of ACEA-1021 on the minimum alveolar concentration for halothane in the rat

Background: Glycine and glutamate binding sites are allosterically coupled at the N-metbyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. Previous studies have shown that antagonism of glutamate at the NMDA receptor reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for volatile anesthetlcs. 5-Nitro-6,7-dlchloro-2,3-quinoxalinedione (ACEA-1021) is a competitive antagonist at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glycine receptor antagonism also reduces volatile anesthetic requirements in the rat. Methods: In experiment 1, Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with halothane in 50% O 2 -balance N 2 and their lungsmechanically ventilated. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the dose of ACEA-1021 administered (0, 20, or 30 mg/kg intravenously; n=6). The bolus dose of ACEA-1021 was followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of vehicle or ACEA-1021 at 14 mg.kg -1 .h -1 . Halothane MAC was then determined by the tail-clamp method. In experiment 2, awake rats were randomly assigned to groups according to the same dosages of ACEA-1021 as in experiment 1. Arterial CO 2 tension and mean arterial pressure were recorded before and 5 and 30 min after the start of the infusion. The infusion was then stopped, and the time to recovery of the righting reflex was recorded. Results: In experiment 1, ACEA-1021 decreased halothane MAC (mean±SD) in a dose-dependent manner (control, 0.95±0.15 vol% ACEA-1021 20 mg/kg, 0.50±0.16 vol%; ACEA-1021 40 mg/kg, 0.14±0.16 vol%; P<0.01). In experiment 2, arterial CO 2 tension was increased by ACEA-1021 (control, 38±3 mmHg; ACEA-1021 20 mg/kg, 43±3 mmHg; ACEA-1021 40 mg/kg, 48±2 mmHg; P<0.01). Mean arterial pressure was not affected by any dose of ACEA-1021. The righting reflex was abolished in rats receiving ACEA-1021 40 mg/kg only and recovered 30±7 min after discontinuation of the infusion. Conclusions: Halothane MAC reduction by glycine receptor antagonism was greater than that previously observed for antagonism of glutamate at the NMDA or AMPA receptor. In rats receiving ACEA-1021 only, minimal hemodynamic depression and moderate hypoventilation were observed. Antagonism of glycine at the NMDA receptor recognition site offers a potential mechanism of action of anesthesia
Regulation of Bnip3 death pathways by calcium, phosphorylation, and hypoxia-reoxygenation.

Bnip3 is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of death-regulating proteins that promote the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. The Bnip3 death program requires membrane insertion through an N-terminal transmembrane domain that directs the protein to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticular (ER) membranes. We have reported that simulated ischemia induces transcription of the Bnip3 gene, and Bnip3 protein is stabilized by acidosis. Bnip3 programmed death is atypical, with features of both apoptosis and necrosis. Here we demonstrate that hypoxia–reoxygenation and agents that activate protein kinase C, including calcium ionophore, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and okadaic acid, also induce Bnip3. The molecular size of Bnip3 predicted from the amino acid sequence is 21.5 kDa, but the protein typically migrates in SDS-PAGE as a 31-kDa monomer and 60-kDa dimer. Treatment of cell extracts containing Bnip3 with phosphatase yielded a series of rapidly migrating species, the smallest of which corresp...