cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPIRAL out of convexity:sparsity-regularized algorithms for photon-limited imaging

The observations in many applications consist of counts of discrete events, such as photons hitting a detector, which cannot be effectively modeled using an additive bounded or Gaussian noise model, and instead require a Poisson noise model. As a result, accurate reconstruction of a spatially or temporally distributed phenomenon (f*) from Poisson data (y) cannot be accomplished by minimizing a conventional l2-l1 objective function. The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of f* from y in an inverse problem setting, where (a) the number of unknowns may potentially be larger than the number of observations and (b) f* admits a sparse representation. The optimization formulation considered in this paper uses a negative Poisson log-likelihood objective function with nonnegativity constraints (since Poisson intensities are naturally nonnegative). This paper describes computational methods for solving the constrained sparse Poisson inverse problem. In particular, the proposed approach incorporates key ideas of using quadratic separable approximations to the objective function at each iteration and computationally efficient partition-based multiscale estimation methods.
Cerebral blood flow sensor with in situ temperature and thermal conductivity compensation

A micromachined blood flow sensor with in situ tissue temperature and thermal conductivity compensation was developed for the continuous and quantitative measurement of intraparenchymal regional cerebral blood flow. The flow sensor operates in a constant-temperature mode and employs a periodic heating and cooling technique. Thermal conductivity compensation is realized by sampling the peak current outputs at the beginning of the heating period and the baseline temperature variation during the heating period is compensated by an integrated temperature sensor. This approach provides highly reliable data with MEMS-based thin film sensors. It achieves sensitivity of 1.467 mV/ml/100gram-min in the linear range from 0 to 160 ml/100gram-min.
Stabilization of Vitamin B12 I: Complex Cyanides

The destruction of cyanocobalamin in liquid multiple vitamin preparations can be greatly reduced by the addition of small amounts of complex cyanides or iron salts. Cyanocobalamin stabilization with iron salts is not as effective as 'with complex cyanides under conditions designed to exclude air. The superiority of complex cyanides over iron salts was also demonstrated in partly filled containers where a large volume of air overlaid the product. The complex cyanides were also effective in reducing the destruction of cyanocobalamin induced by ultraviolet irradiation.
Adaptive mesh refinement in the finite element computation of magnetic fields

Adaptive mesh refinement has the potential of making the finite element computation of magnetic field problems completely automatic. In adaptive procedures, the field problem is solved iteratively, beginning with a coarse mesh and refining it in locations of greatest error. Methods of mesh refinement for triangular finite element grids are surveyed and the use of local error estimates in the adaptive process is described. It is concluded that the Delaunay triangulation provides the best method of mesh refinement, while complementary variational principles provide accurate error bounds on the solution.
Dielectric Measurements of Aniline and Alcohol Mixtures at 283, 293, 303, and 313 K Using the Time Domain Technique

Complex dielectric spectra ∈ * (ω) = ∈' - j ∈, in the frequency range 10 MHz to 10 GHz, have been determined using the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique at various temperatures and different concentrations of alcohols, viz., ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, and heptan-1-ol + aniline binary mixtures. The static dielectric constant (∈ 0 ) and relaxation time (τ) have been obtained. The values of ∈ 0 and τ decrease with an increasing percent of aniline in the alcohol.
Convergence of adaptive control and prediction algorithms with and without truncation on their state estimates and controls

In this paper, we prove the almost sure convergence of the proposed adaptive control and prediction algorithms. The algorithms involve a weighted least squares parameter estimator and the truncation on the state estimates and controls. For the algorithm with no truncation, we prove that the tracking error in controlling a plant with N-units of delay, converges to its optimum value in a certain average sense under the usual minimum phase and passivity assumptions of the literature. With an additional regularity assumption expressed only in terms of the desired trajectory and the "white" noise term, it is also proved that the tracking error also converges in a strong sense at an asymptotically arithmetic rate. Under this regularity condition it is also demonstrated that after almost a finite number of iterations the algorithm affords equal weightings to all the measurements. Under an additional persistency condition it is also shown that the parameter estimation error converges to zero at a rate specified by the degree of excitation. When the above algorithm involves truncation on the state estimates and controls, it is also proved that the required passivity condition is considerably weakened.
Preclinical characterization of the selective JAK1/2 inhibitor INCB018424: therapeutic implications for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Constitutive JAK2 activation in hematopoietic cells by the JAK2V617F mutation recapitulates myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) phenotypes in mice, establishing JAK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy. Although most polycythemia vera patients carry the JAK2V617F mutation, half of those with essential thrombocythemia or primary myelofibrosis do not, suggesting alternative mechanisms for constitutive JAK-STAT signaling in MPNs. Most patients with primary myelofibrosis have elevated levels of JAK-dependent proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin-6) consistent with our observation of JAK1 hyperactivation. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of selective JAK1/2 inhibition in experimental models relevant to MPNs and report on the effects of INCB018424, the first potent, selective, oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor to enter the clinic. INCB018424 inhibited interleukin-6 signaling (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 281nM), and proliferation of JAK2V617F+ Ba/F3 cells (IC50 = 127nM). In primary cultures, INCB018424 preferentially suppressed erythroid progenitor colony formation from JAK2V617F+ polycythemia vera patients (IC50 = 67nM) versus healthy donors (IC50 > 400nM). In a mouse model of JAK2V617F+ MPN, oral INCB018424 markedly reduced splenomegaly and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, and preferentially eliminated neoplastic cells, resulting in significantly prolonged survival without myelosuppressive or immunosuppressive effects. Preliminary clinical results support these preclinical data and establish INCB018424 as a promising oral agent for the treatment of MPNs.
Dow epoxy resin with triallyl cyanurate, and similarly modified araldite and maraglas mixtures, as embedding media for electron microscopy.

Dow epoxy resin (DER 334), dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), triallyl cyanurate (TAC) and 2,4,6-tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) makes an embedding mixture which has good infiltration qualities, ease of sectioning and excellent stability on unsupported grids. Sections stained with lead citrate exhibited good image contrast. Modified Araldite and Maraglas mixtures displayed similar qualities. Formulas for the recommended mixtures are: (1) DER 334,48%; DDSA, 40%; TAC, 10%; and DMP-30, 2%-(2) Araldite 502, 68%; DDSA, 19%; TAC, 10%; and DMP-30, 3%-(3) Maraglas 655, 48%; Cardolite NC-513, 40%; TAC, 10%; and DMP-30, 2%; all proportions by volume.
Characterization of a new Bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against Cochylis hospes.

A new bacterial isolate, 00-50-5, from sunflower head extracts was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) according to its morphology. Bt isolate 00-50-5 was highly active against the banded sunflower moth (BSM), Cochylis hospes Walsingham. A sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 4-15% gradient gel of whole strain protein of 00-50-5 revealed six proteins with molecular masses (M r ) of 133, 80, 60, 27, 15, and 14 kDa. SDS-PAGE of pH 4.2-precipitated proteins (PP) or activated proteins formed by adding the BSM larval gut protease at 1:50 (wt/wt, protease/PP) showed five bands, including two major proteins of M r 60 kDa and 27 kDa, and three small peptides of M r 15, 13, and 7 kDa. The BSM larval gut protease was able to completely digest the proteins when present at a high ratio (10:1, wt/wt, protease/PP). The 60- and 27-kDa proteins could be digested by subtilisin Carlsberg at ratios of 1:50 or 1:1 (wt/wt, protease/PP), but neither BSM larval gut protease nor trypsin was effective at the same ratios. Three small peptides of M r 15, 13, and 7 kDa were digested by the gut protease at a ratio of 1:1 (wt/wt). The N-terminal sequence of 1-31 amino acid residues for the 27-kDa protein showed 96.7% homology to a 31-amino acid fragment from camelysin, a protease from B. cereus, indicating that the 27-kDa protein may be a camelysin and a novel active protein against BSM.
Blood PO2, PCO2 and pH changes in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) exposed to sublethal levels of acidity

Abstract 1. 1. Acute exposure of winter and summer collected brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, to near toxic levels of acidity caused an elevation in PCO2, hematocrit, and rate of ventilation. 2. 2. Other than a transient drop in PO2 in June exposed fish, neither hypoxemia nor blood acidosis was evidenced. 3. 3. Summer exposed trout which showed severe behavioral responses to acid toxication actually exhibited a moderate alkalosis.
Magnetic Compton Scattering Studies of the Invar Effect in Fe3Pt

We have measured the magnetic Compton profile (MCP) of ordered and disordered Fe 3Pt samples both above and below their Curie temperature. From these measurements, we have determined the average moment per atom at room temperature to be 2.81μB ± 0.04μB for disordered Fe3Pt and 1.78μB ± 0.05μB for ordered Fe3Pt. At temperatures above Tc, we measured a substantial reduction in the moment (0.6μB ± 0.10μB for disordered Fe3Pt and 0.64μB ± 0.13μB ± for ordered Fe3Pt) and a change in the shape of the MCP. This suggests that the mechanism behind the Invar effect in Fe3Pt can be described by a high-spin to low-spin magnetic phase transition. The experimental MCPs for both ordered and disordered Fe3 Pt are analyzed within the framework of the Weiss 2γ model.
Vibrational Frequency associated with the Boron–Nitrogen Dative Bond in Amine Boranes

RESEARCH in the chemistry of boron has been extremely active in the past few years and its Lewis acid-base complexes have been of particular interest. Although the boron–nitrogen dative bond is one of the most stable of such bonds to boron and occurs in a number of important boron compounds, the vibrational stretching frequency of this bond in the rather few cases studied has been assigned an unexpectedly high value. For example, in complexes of boron trifluoride with ammonia1 and nitrogen heterocycles2, frequencies lying in the range between 980 cm.−1 and 1,120 cm.−1 have been assigned to this motion, in the complex of boron trimethyl with ammonia, a value of 1,105 cm.−1 has been selected3, and in the complex of borane (BH3) with nitrogen trimethyl (N(CH3)3) a value of about 1,250 cm.−1 has been given4. By way of comparison, frequencies assigned to the covalent carbon–carbon bond in halogenated ethane derivatives, where the masses involved are comparable, range from about 820 cm.−1 to 1,075 cm.−1. It is, of course, not always a proper comparison merely to look at the magnitude of frequencies in complete disregard of other factors. Nevertheless, chemical data in this case would seem to indicate a lower range for the stretching frequency of the boron–nitrogen dative bond.
Better Communication in Large Courses

(1986). Better Communication in Large Courses. College Teaching: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 20-24.
First person accounts of long-term employment activity among people with dual diagnosis.

Objective Evidence suggests that many individuals with dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance use disorder can be successfully employed in competitive jobs, though there remain barriers and facilitators to consistent work activity in this population. The purpose of this study is to elicit and examine first person accounts of work activity over a 16-year period from people with dual diagnosis, who were not selected for employment readiness or vocational interests. Methods 120 people with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorder participated in this study. Their work activity was self-reported at yearly interviews occurring over a 16-year period. Participants naturally fell into one of four categories: those who (i) never or hardly worked; (ii) worked intermittently; (iii) worked fairly consistently; (iv) worked very consistently. A more in-depth interview occurred at 16 years when participants gave first person accounts of their 16-year work history in answer to open-ended questions. These responses were analyzed using traditional methods of qualitative content analysis, comparing responses across the four categories of work patterns. Results Five overlapping themes given by participants as strong influences on work activity arose from the data. These are (i) illness management, including use of psychiatric medication and controlling substance abuse; (ii) personal evaluation of the impact of employment; (iii) congruence between job preference and actual employment; (iv) personal motivation and job-seeking assistance, and (v) the conditioning nature of working or not working. Conclusions Longitudinal themes of work activity suggest service improvements consistent with evidence-based supported employment.
Novel cable‐suspended RoboCrane support

Purpose – This paper presents a new method for deploying RoboCrane‐type cable robots, without the need for fixed rigid cable support points. That is, the system provides its own deployable mobile overhead support points.Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a new RoboCrane support concept based on rigid members, cable actuation, and cable suspension. It is self‐contained and provides mobility for the required six overhead cable connections, thus extending the workspace of the existing RoboCrane. The paper presents the RoboCrane support concept overview, followed by kinematics and statics analysis, plus a case study of a specific design.Findings – Design for kinematic horizontality, workspace, and statics are competing so the designer must make tradeoffs for the best system performance according to specific design needs.Research limitations/implications – Since the support system plus RoboCrane are both cable‐suspended robots, there are limitations in the pseudostatic workspace, i.e. since the ...
Early retreat of the Alaska Peninsula Glacier Complex and the implications for coastal migrations of First Americans

Abstract The debate over a coastal migration route for the First Americans revolves around two major points: seafaring technology, and a viable landscape and resource base. Three lake cores from Sanak Island in the western Gulf of Alaska yield the first radiocarbon ages from the continental shelf of the Northeast Pacific and record deglaciation nearly 17 ka BP (thousands of calendar years ago), much earlier than previous estimates based on extrapolated data from other sites outside the coastal corridor in the Gulf of Alaska. Pollen data suggest an arid, terrestrial ecosystem by 16.3 ka BP. Therefore glaciers would not have hindered the movement of humans along the southern edge of the Bering Land Bridge for two millennia before the first well-recognized “New World” archaeological sites were inhabited.
Analysis of the Functional Contributions of Asn233 in Metallo-β-Lactamase IMP-1

Metallo-β-lactamases, such as IMP-1, are a major global health threat, as they provide for bacterial resistance to a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems. Understanding the molecular details of the enzymatic process and the sequence requirements for function are essential aids in overcoming β-lactamase-mediated resistance. An asparagine residue is conserved at position 233 in approximately 67% of all metallo-β-lactamases. Despite its conservation, the molecular basis of Asn233 function is poorly understood and remains controversial. It has previously been shown that mutations at this site exhibit context-dependent sequence requirements in that the importance of a given amino acid depends on the antibiotic being tested. To provide a more thorough examination as to the function and sequence requirements at this position, a collection of IMP-1 mutants encoding each of the 19 possible amino acid substitutions was generated. The resistance levels toward four β-lactam antibiotics were measured for Escherichia coli containing each of these mutants. The sequence requirements at position 233 for wild-type levels of resistance toward two cephalosporins were the most relaxed, while there were more stringent sequence requirements for resistance to ampicillin or imipenem. Enzyme kinetic analysis and determinations of steady-state protein levels indicated that the effects of the substitutions on resistance are due to changes in the kinetic parameters of the enzyme. Taken together, the results indicate that substitutions at position 233 significantly alter the kinetic parameters of the enzyme, but most substituted enzymes are able to provide for a high level of resistance to a broad range of β-lactams.
Genetic Relatedness of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Paired Blood and Respiratory Specimens

To assess the relatedness of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered concurrently from blood and respiratory tract specimens from patients with pneumonia, we analyzed 24 paired isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. PFGE, serotype, and/or susceptibility patterns were identical for 22 of 24 pairs. Susceptibility results for blood isolates should guide therapy.
Compulsive buying: relationship with body mass index.

Objective: Compulsive buying has historically been associated with various self-regulatory disturbances, including eating pathology (e.g., binge eating). Therefore, a relationship between scores on a measure of compulsive buying, the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS), and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood was hypothesized. Design and Methods: Using a self-report survey methodology in a cross-sectional consecutive sample of convenience of 373 obstetrics/gynecology patients, correlations between CBS scores and BMI, both generally and with regard to race were examined. Results: A modest general correlation between CBS scores and BMI (r = 0.17, P < 0.01) was found. However, when these data were examined by race, CBS scores and BMI were significantly related among Caucasian women (r = 0.25, P < 0.01), but not in African American women (r = 0.04, P = n.s.). Conclusions: Findings indicate that compulsive buying is associated with increasing BMI in adulthood, particularly among Caucasian women.
Infants are trichromats

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to demonstrate that human infants 3 months of age perceive color in a normal, trichromatic manner. In the first experiment, the visual attention of 30 infants was monitored in a habituation-dishabituation paradigm that used spectral and white lights with brightness factors eliminated. Infants discriminated white from monochromatic light in a region of the spectrum (490–500 nm) where color-normal adults can but color-deficient adults cannot. In the second experiment which also used a habituation paradigm, eight infants showed good discrimination between hues in a region of the spectrum (560–580 nm) where color-deficient adults typically show no hue discrimination. Results from these studies of the neutral zone and hue discrimination evidence trichromatic vision in infancy and are discussed in the context of their several clinical, social, and intellectual implications.
Evidence for Infants' Internal Working Models of Attachment

Nearly half a century ago, psychiatrist John Bowlby proposed that the instinctual behavioral system that underpins an infant’s attachment to his or her mother is accompanied by ‘‘internal working models’’ of the social world—models based on the infant’s own experience with his or her caregiver (Bowlby, 1958, 1969/1982). These mental models were thought to mediate, in part, the ability of an infant to use the caregiver as a buffer against the stresses of life, as well as the later development of important self-regulatory and social skills. Hundreds of studies now testify to the impact of caregivers’ behavior on infants’ behavior and development: Infants who most easily seek and accept support from their parents are considered secure in their attachments and are more likely to have received sensitive and responsive caregiving than insecure infants; over time, they display a variety of socioemotional advantages over insecure infants (Cassidy & Shaver, 1999). Research has also shown that, at least in older children and adults, individual differences in the security of attachment are indeed related to the individual’s representations of social relations (Bretherton & Munholland, 1999). Yet no study has ever directly assessed internal working models of attachment in infancy. In the present study, we sought to do so. METHOD
Medical technology and the U.S. healthcare system: is this the road to abilene?

The conventional wisdom that Americans are unwilling to discuss limits to healthcare resources or tolerate any restrictions on treatment choices presents a formidable barrier to implementing policies that would reduce healthcare cost growth. Typical explanations for the conventional wisdom are plentiful, but not entirely useful in providing guidance for appropriate policy responses. In this paper, we analyze an organizational theory known as the Abilene Paradox to explain the lack of public engagement and the paucity of research concerning public values and preferences on difficult healthcare issues such as the use of medical technology. The analysis suggests that one strategy for improving policymaking would be to expand on recent research efforts concerning public participation in decisions about medical technology. These efforts demonstrate that when structured, deliberative methods are employed, members of the public are both willing and able to engage as social decision makers for allocating limited resources.
A Longitudinal Study of the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion

The longitudinal study of religious transmission or influence across generations is an important but underexamined area of research, particularly in terms of the religious influence of grandparents. How much influence do grandparents have on grandchildren's religious beliefs and practices, and has this changed over the past 30 years? As grandparents have become increasingly important in multigenerational families, do they exert an influence on their grandchildren's religiosity that is distinct from that of parents? Drawing on the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), this article uses grandparent—parent—grandchild triads and a generational sequential design to examine the transmission of three dimensions of religiosity — religious service attendance, religiousness and religious ideology — across generations from 1971 to 2000. Results indicate that in 1971 grandparents significantly influenced grandchildren's religious service attendance and religiousness, but these effects had weakened by 2000. The op...
Scheduling resizable parallel applications

Most conventional parallel job schedulers only support static scheduling thereby restricting schedulers from being able to modify the number of processors allocated to parallel applications at runtime. The drawbacks of static scheduling can be overcome by using scheduling policies that can exploit dynamic resizability in distributed-memory parallel applications and a scheduler that supports these policies. The scheduler must be capable of adding and removing processors from a parallel application at runtime. This ability of a scheduler to resize parallel applications increases the possibilities for parallel schedulers to manage a large cluster. Our ReSHAPE framework includes an application scheduler that supports dynamic resizing of parallel applications. In this paper, we illustrate the impact of dynamic resizability on parallel scheduling. We propose and evaluate new scheduling policies made possible by our ReSHAPE framework. Experimental results show that these scheduling policies significantly improve individual application turn around time as well as overall cluster utilization.
Coproporphyrin III, Inhibitor of the Synthesis of Cytochrome Oxidase in Anaerobic Yeast Protoplasts

Abstract Coproporphyrin III was isolated from aerobically and anaerobically grown yeast and from the medium of anaerobic cultures, and was identified as the compound responsible for the inhibition of the synthesis de novo of apocytochrome oxidase in yeast protoplasts. Authentic coproporphyrin III gives identical results. The intracellular concentration of coproporphyrin above which all synthesis of the oxidase ceases is 0.26 ± 0.013 µm. The coproporphyrin concentration in anaerobic and aerobic yeast is 0.4 and 0.15 µm, respectively. The inhibitory action of coproporphyrin is observed only when the yeast protoplasts are incubated anaerobically. Oxygen prevents and reverses this inhibition. With the aid of cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, and acriflavin it was shown that coproporphyrin inhibits mitochondrial transcriptional, but not translational, events involved in the synthesis of cytochrome oxidase, as well as the synthesis of the polypeptides translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes. Coproporphyrin has no effect on the assembly of the holoenzyme from its polypeptides and heme a. It is concluded that oxygen regulates the synthesis of cytochrome oxidase by acting as cosubstrate in heme a synthesis and by abolishing the inhibition by coproporphyrin of the synthesis of apocytochrome oxidase.
Screening athletes for heart disease

The goals of evaluating individuals for exercise and sports participation are shown in table 1. The most important reason to screen for heart disease is to prevent sudden, unexpected death. Heart disease may also lead to sudden incapacity which may result in injuries, and pre-existing heart disease may be exacerbated by exercise. Also, almost all states in the USA require some type of pre-participation screening of participants in organised sports. Since there are more athletes at educational institutions than in amateur organisations and professional organisations, most physicians encounter this issue in association with high school and university sports. It has been estimated that there are 5 million active athletes at the high school, university, professional and master’s levels in the United States.1 The sudden death rate among high school athletes is 1:100–200 000; among marathon runners 1:50 000; and among recreational joggers 1:15 000.2 Thus, athletic sudden cardiac death is a rare event. View this table: Table 1 Goals of pre-participation screening of athletes One could argue that, given this low frequency of sudden athletic death, no screening programme could possibly be cost effective. The idea of preventing such a low frequency event is challenging and the efficacy of any screening programme would be difficult to prove. Despite these clear realities, public interest in this problem is high. The reason for this was succinctly summarised by Maron and Zipes in the 36th Bethesda Conference Report: “Sudden cardiac deaths in competitive athletes continue to be highly visible, compelling emotional events with significant liability concerns. These catastrophes are frequently subjected to intense public scrutiny largely because of their occurrence in young otherwise healthy-appearing individuals, including elite participants in collegiate and professional sports”.3 Consequently, the purpose of this article is to acquaint the physician with the issue of screening athletes for heart disease and the …
Underfill flow as viscous flow between parallel plates driven by capillary action

Epoxy underfill is often required to enhance the reliability of flip-chip interconnects. This study evaluates the flow of filled epoxy underfill materials between parallel plates driven by capillary action. An exact model was developed to understand the functional relationship between flow distance, flow time, separation distance, surface tension, and viscosity for quasi-steady laminar flow between parallel plates. The model was verified experimentally with a typical underfill material. The measured values of flow distance agreed well with the exact model. A new material parameter, the coefficient of planar penetrance, is introduced. This parameter measures the penetrating power of a liquid between parallel plates driven by capillary action. The effectiveness of gravity and vacuum as flow rate enhancements are explored.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER IN A STATE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL

Borderline personality disorder is common across mental health settings and associated with substantial suffering, disability, and mortality risk. However, it is often underdiagnosed and no prevalence data are available for state hospital settings. This study aims to provide a preliminary assessment of the prevalence and characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) within an inpatient unit of a state psychiatric hospital. In order to improve the quality of care at a state psychiatric hospital, all patients admitted to a 40-bed unit from April 2008 to June 2009 were routinely administered a structured diagnostic interview for BPD. A total of 65 patients were screened and their charts were reviewed. Twenty patients (31%) met criteria for BPD, but only eight of them (40%) had a chart diagnosis of BPD. Compared to patients without BPD, patients with BPD were significantly more likely to be female (75%), to carry a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and to have been admitted within the past year. Twenty-four percent of patients with a primary psychotic disorder also met criteria for BPD. BPD patients tended to have shorter lengths of stay, but they had significantly more management problems, including incidents of self-harm, episodes of restraint, and stat administrations of medications. The authors conclude that BPD can be a common but underappreciated co-occurring condition in a state psychiatric hospital. In this setting, BPD is associated with more frequent admissions and numerous management challenges, suggesting the need for comprehensive screening, coordination of care, and specialized treatment programming.
Integrating DNA strand-displacement circuitry with DNA tile self-assembly

DNA nanotechnology has emerged as a reliable and programmable way of controlling matter at the nanoscale through the specificity of Watson–Crick base pairing, allowing both complex self-assembled structures with nanometer precision and complex reaction networks implementing digital and analog behaviors. Here we show how two well-developed frameworks, DNA tile self-assembly and DNA strand-displacement circuits, can be systematically integrated to provide programmable kinetic control of self-assembly. We demonstrate the triggered and catalytic isothermal self-assembly of DNA nanotubes over 10 µm long from precursor DNA double-crossover tiles activated by an upstream DNA catalyst network. Integrating more sophisticated control circuits and tile systems could enable precise spatial and temporal organization of dynamic molecular structures.
The coated antiseptic tip (CAT) syringe

AbstractCatheter-related blood stream infections (CR-BSI) account for 30% of healthcare acquired infection (HAI). Colonization of connector hubs and contaminated syringes are thought to increase the risk of CR-BSI. The Coated Antiseptic Tip (CAT) syringe was developed to decontaminate connector hubs, thereby reducing the risk of CR-BSI. Needleless valves (n = 20) and three-way connectors (n = 20) were contaminated with common critical care pathogens. At hourly intervals, CAT syringes were inserted into the connector hubs and normal saline was injected through the connector. This was repeated with control (non-coated) syringes. The internal surface of the connector hubs were swabbed at t = 0, t = 1 h and t = 4 h, inoculated onto blood agar plates and analysed by a blinded microbiologist. Growth was counted as the number of colony forming units. Baseline swabbing demonstrated 100% bacterial hub colonization in both connectors. The CAT syringe showed a significant reduction in CFU growth at 0 and 1 h compare...
Modeling and integration of hospital information systems with Petri nets

While the use of information technologies is becoming increasingly widespread in healthcare organizations, such as large hospitals, to date these organizations lack unified information systems providing a comprehensive view of the organization's state. We define a technique for building formal models capturing the state of hospital departments and the interactions among departments during hospital operations. These models, based on Petri nets, will support a variety of management and decision-support tools, such as statistical analysis, simulation, and dynamic reconfiguration. These models are at the core of a new software prototype that we are developing for the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago.
The alpha1 subunit of laminin-1 promotes the development of neurons by interacting with LBP110 expressed by neural crest-derived cells immunoselected from the fetal mouse gut.

A plasmalemmal protein, LBP110, which binds to the α1 chain of laminin-1, is acquired by the neural crest-derived precursors of enteric neurons after they colonize the gut. We tested the hypothesis that laminin-1 interacts with LBP110 to promote enteric neuronal development. The effects of laminin-1 on neuronal development were studied in cultures of cells immunoselected from fetal mouse gut (E14–15) with antibodies to LBP110 or p75NTR, a marker for enteric crest—derived cells. No matter which antibody was used, the development of cells expressing neuronal markers was increased three- to fourfold by culturing the cells on a laminin-1—containing substrate. To determine whether this effect of laminin-1 is due to the selective adherence of a neurocompetent subset of precursors, immunoselected cells were permitted to preadhere to poly-D-lysine. Addition of soluble laminin-1 24 h later promoted neuronal but not glial development. The laminin-1 induced increment in neuronal development was abolished both by a peptide containing the sequence of the LBP110-binding domain, IKVAV, and by antibodies to laminin α1 that recognize the IKVAV domain. Neither reagent affected the total number of cells. In contrast, the response to laminin-1 was not affected by control peptides, preimmune sera, or antibodies to laminin β1. Laminin-1 transiently induced the expression of nuclear Fos immunoreactivity; this action was blocked specifically by the IKVAV peptide. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that LBP110 interacts with the IKVAV domain of laminin α1 to promote the differentiation of neurons from enteric crest—derived precursors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 33: 118–138, 1997
Histological Characterization of Microlesions Induced by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Background: Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) has been shown to have a potential for apparently reversible side effects related to the interaction of ultrasound with the contrast microbubbles, including premature ventricular contractions and microvascular leakage. We investigated the potential for high-dose MCE to induce histologically definable microlesions. Methods: Myocardial contrast echocardiography with 1:4 end-systolic triggering was performed at 1.5 MHz and 1.7 mechanical index in a short axis view of the left ventricle in rats. Two high doses (500 µl/kg) of Optison ® agent were given 5 minutes apart during 10 minutes of echocardiography. For histology, the hearts were perfused and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Slides from rats sacrificed 1 day after MCE were scored blind by a pathologist, and, in addition, photomicrographs in the anterior half were evaluated by digital image analysis. Results: In rats sacrificed 10 minutes after MCE, microvascular leakage and petechiae were highly significant. However, lesions displaying necrotic debris associated with inflammatory infiltrates were not histologically evident at this time. Heart samples 24 hours after MCE showed microlesions with inflammatory infiltrates scattered primarily over the anterior half of the sections. Pathologically, there was inflammatory cell infiltration in areas of 0.6 ± 0.5% for shams and 3.6 ± 3.6% for MCE (P < 0.01). Analysis of photographs from the anterior wall found microlesion areas of 0.5 ± 0.8% for shams and 7.4 ± 5.0% for MCE (P < 0.02). For rats sacrificed 1 week and 6 weeks after MCE, the microlesions healed to form small fibrous regions interspersed with normal myocytes. Conclusion: High-dose MCE has a potential for causing microscale lesions in the myocardium and the possibility of therapeutic applications. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 22, January 2005) ultrasound contrast agent adverse effects, Optison ® , capillary leakage, acoustic cavitation, premature ventricular contraction, cardiomyocyte necrosis Several commercial ultrasound contrast agents are approved in the United States for the clinical application of left ventricular opacification, and have been shown to be safe and efficacious within the clinical approval process. Others agents and applications to other tissues are under development and evaluation. 1,2 Ultrasound contrast agents are distinctly different in their characteristics, but all commercial agents depend on the echogenicity of gas bodies (stabilized gas-filled microbubbles) for the contrast effect. The interaction between ultra
Asking Research Questions: Theoretical Presuppositions

Asking significant research questions is a crucial aspect of building a research foundation in computer science (CS) education. In this article, I argue that the questions that we ask are shaped by internalized theoretical presuppositions about how the social and behavioral worlds operate. And although such presuppositions are essential in making the world sensible, at the same time they preclude carrying out many research studies that may further our collective research enterprise. I build this argument by first considering a few proposed research questions typical of much of the existing research in CS education, making visible the cognitivist assumptions that these questions presuppose. I then provide a different set of assumptions based on sociocultural theories of cognition and enumerate some of the (different) research questions to which these presuppositions give rise. My point is not to debate the merits of the contrasting theories but to demonstrate how theories about how minds and sociality operate are imminent in the very questions that researchers ask. Finally, I argue that by appropriating existing theory from the social, behavioral, and learning sciences, and making such theories explicit in carrying out and reporting their research, CS education researchers will advance the field.
Quartzite: A Campus-Scale Hybrid Networking Infrastructure

Quartzite is a hybrid wavelength - packet switched network on the campus of the University of California, San Diego. One of the key goals is to enable reconfigurations of the network at the physical (fiber, wavelength) and logical level (VLAN and routed) to support bandwidth intensive applications, non-standard protocols and other experiments that are usually incompatible with "production" networks. The structure of Quartzite is to connect laboratories on campus to a hybrid network core consisting of a standard, production switch router, and all-optical switch, and DWDM wavelength-selective switch (WSS). All components of Quartzite (except a custom-built WSS) are available as commodity parts. Most links feeding into the core are 10 Gigabit/s Ethernet (long reach grey, and C-band DWDM) with a smaller number of 1 gigabit/s links. More than 0.5 Terabit/s is currently provisioned to connect layer2 switches and directly-connected computing or storage endpoints. The entire infrastructure (including connected endpoints) can be reconfigured to suit the needs of specific experiments. The all-optical switching and wavelength switching are signal agnostic allowing non-ethernet transports to utilize the network/fiber infra-structure.
Giant Cell Arteritis as a Cause of Myocarditis and Atrial Fibrillation

Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis; GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of medium and large arteries, affecting predominantly the aortic branches to the head and neck. Temporal arteritis was first described by Horton et al1 in 1932 and classically presents with a combination of polymyalgia rheumatica, headache, and manifestations of systemic illness (fever, anemia, anorexia, malaise, and weight loss). GCA usually occurs in the elderly with a mean age at diagnosis of 72 years. Patients with GCA seem to be at increased risk for cardiovascular events, with heightened rate of acute myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular attack, and peripheral vascular disease. Myocarditis and myopericarditis are not commonly documented in patients with GCA. In this report, we present a biopsy-proven GCA presenting with diplopia and new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocarditis with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Patient promptly responded to corticosteroid therapy further confirming the diagnosis of GCA. A 57-year-old man with no significant past medical history had a tick bite, and he was treated empirically with a 1-week course of doxycycline for nonspecific symptoms of dizziness and malaise. Three weeks afterward, he …
Prevalence, Level, and Types of Salmonella Isolated from North American In-Shell Pecans over Four Harvest Years.

ABSTRACT In-shell pecan samples (500 g) were collected over four harvest seasons (2010 to 2014) from seven pecan shelling facilities located in five U.S. states. Four varieties of pecans were analyzed: Mexican Improved, Native Seedlings, Southern Improved, and Western Improved. Pecan samples (100 g) were sent to a third party laboratory for initial Salmonella screening. When a sample was positive for Salmonella, the pathogen level was determined by the most-probable-number (MPN) method (25, 2.5, and 0.25 g). Two sample preparation strategies were used for the MPN analysis, and both strategies were combined for the reported MPN values. Forty-four (0.95%) of 4,641 in-shell pecan samples were positive for Salmonella during initial screening; prevalence by year was 0.47 to 1.4%. Prevalence was not significantly different between varieties: Mexican Improved, 1.2%; Native/Seedling, 0.99%; Southern Improved, 0.97%; and Western Improved, 0.75%. Salmonella was not isolated from 31 of 44 samples upon retesting duri...
The Seed Biotinylated Protein of Soybean (Glycine max): A Boiling-Resistant New Allergen (Gly m 7) with the Capacity To Induce IgE-Mediated Allergic Responses

Soybean is a common allergenic food; thus, a comprehensive characterization of all the proteins that cause allergy is crucial to the development of effective diagnostic and immunotherapeutic strategies. A cDNA library was constructed from seven stages of developing soybean seeds to investigate candidate allergens. We searched the library for cDNAs encoding a seed-specific biotinylated protein (SBP) based on its allergenicity in boiled lentils. A full-length cDNA clone was retrieved and expressed as a 75.6-kDa His-tagged recombinant protein (rSBP) in Escherichia coli. Western immunoblotting of boiled bacterial extracts demonstrated specific IgE binding to rSBP, which was further purified by metal affinity and anion exchange chromatographies. Of the 23 allergic sera screened by ELISA, 12 contained IgEs specific to the purified rSBP. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a predominantly unordered structure consistent with SBP’s heat stability. The natural homologues (nSBP) were the main proteins isolated ...
A Survey on System Problems in Smart Distribution Network With Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation

The development of smart distribution network and the overview of application research on photovoltaic(PV) generation are summarized.The influence of PV generation on smart distribution network after it is connencted with the latter is analyzed in the aspects of basic research, network planning and system operation, and following contents are emphatically presented:the modeling of PV station, its basic operation performance, the planning of PV station construction and its output forecasting, the planning of smart distribution network containing PV generation, power flow in smart distribution network, balance of voltage and reactive power in smart distribution network, power quality, protective relayings, faults and reliability, dynamic charateristics of micro-grid, optimal dispatching and coordinative operation, etc., in the hope of offering references for connecting PV sources with smart distribution network and the fast development of smart grids.
Compiler construction: Craftsmanship or engineering?

Engineering is defined as the application of scientific principles to practical purposes, as the design, construction and operation of efficient and economical structures, equipment and systems. Computer science is concerned with efficient and economical systems, but what are the “scientific principles” that we apply in their design, construction and operation? Compiler construction was one of the first areas of computer science to be treated formally, and is often used as a touchstone for application of scientific principles in our field, but does formalization imply scientific principles? The issues of craftsmanship and engineering in compiler construction are bound up with the set of problems that compilers must solve and the ways in which people solve problems by computer; our positions on these issues determine our approach to compiler research.
The Place of Diagnostic Ultrasound in the Examination of Kidneys Not Seen on Excretory Urography

AbstractAn examination was done on 28 patients with renal failure, 20 with unilateral hydronephrosis, 8 with multicystic kidneys, 3 with hypoplastic or chronically infected kidneys, and single examples of renal vein thrombosis, renal artery occlusion, xanthogranulomatous pyonephrosis with perinephric abscess, trauma and tumor invading the whole kidney. The distinct ultrasonic appearances of the various conditions causing radiographic non-visualization of the kidney are described.
Effects of supplemental lipoic acid on selected antioxidant and mineral in transportation-stressed goats

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of supplemental lipoic acid (LA) on body weight, rectal temperature, vitamin C and E, and plasma copper and zinc status in different breeds of Saudi goats subjected to road transportation. Twenty-four apparently healthy goats (12 from each breed, Aardi and Hejazi) were used in experiment. The experiment was conducted, when the ambient temperature was about 16–24°C. The conditions of transport for all goats were identical. Half on goats will be treated intravenously with LA (25 mg per ml) prior transportation, and the rest with placebo. Goats were transported for 12 hours, and blood samples were collected on prior transportation, at unloading, 12 and 24 hrs post transportation,. Transportation stress caused a significant reduction in vitamin C, E, and plasma copper and zinc in both breeds, with higher reduction of all measured variables in Hejazi compared to Aardi goats. Supplemental LA reduces the negative impact of transportation. Such finding seems important in animal production and welfare, especially under harsh conditions. In conclusion, further studies are required to extend the work on LA during hot conditions in Saudi Arabia.