cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life History of Calydna sturnula with a Review of Larval and Pupal Balloon Setae in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera)

Abstract The immature stages of Calydna sturnula, from the second instar onwards, are described and illustrated from tropical dry forest in the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. The foodplant in all cases was Schoepfia schreberi (Olacaceae). Only six of the 219 individual caterpillars and pupae collected during the last 15 yr were parasitized by braconid and chalcid wasps and a tachinid fly. The larval ultrastructure of C. sturnula was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, with emphasis placed on their prothoracic balloon setae, rare structures in the Riodinidae. The occurrence of larval and pupal balloon setae in the Riodinidae is reviewed. Larval balloon setae are currently known from all three genera of the Helicopini, at least Calydna in the incertae sedis section of the Riodininae, and at least three genera of the Nymphidiini. Larval material was examined for all but one of these genera, and the macro and ultrastructure of their balloon setae are described, illus...
The Use Of Computer Mediated Communication In Consumer Complaining: A Study In Higher Education

The electronic channel for consumer complaining has increased dramatically in recent years and continued growth is expected in the future. The objective of this research was to explore how computer-mediated communication is being used as a channel for complaining in higher education. A study was conducted of the complaint intentions of 222 students at one college in the eastern half of the United States. Four complaining dimensions were studied: Voice, Negative Word-of-Mouth, Third Party, and Exit. The results indicated that the most common behavioral intentions are: Complain to other students face-to-face, complain to the professor in office, and never take another class from the professor. The research findings also indicate the number of students who are likely to use computer-mediated communication to complain. In addition, the results show strong correlations between computer-mediated complaining and other complaining responses.
When and for Whom Moral Proximity Matters: Measuring the Economic and Moral Distances between Citizens and Candidates, and Their Effects on Voting

Substantively, this paper seeks to refine what we know about the weights placed by voters on House candidates' moral and economic preferences. Which voters value the moral and social positions of candidates more than or as much as candidate economic preferences? Results suggest that the traditional dominance ascribed to voters' economic concerns is misplaced. So that the economic and moral ideologies of candidates and voters can be directly compared, their preferences must be assessed on the same scale. Herein lies this paper's methodological contribution. 20 question across the 2004 ANES and NPAT adequately paralleled one another so as to make candidate and citizen responses directly comparable after some coding adjustments. Factor analysis of the merged dataset allows positioning of candidate and citizen ideal points along the same dimensions, making it possible to measure a representative's ideological proximity to her constituents as opposed to their ideological correlation. Such capabilities (i) permit investigating the representativeness of legislative outcomes, and (ii) provide some means of validating the assumptions of otherwise theoretic majority rule solution concepts such as the uncovered set and strong point.
Contemporary Management of Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer

UNLABELLED Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remains a highly lethal disease, with less than 5% survival at 5 years. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC) account for approximately 30% of newly diagnosed cases of PC. The objective of BRPC therapy is to downstage the tumor to allow resection; the objective of LAPC therapy is to control disease and improve survival. There is no consensus on the definitions of BRPC and LAPC, which leads to major limitations in designing clinical trials and evaluating their results. A multimodality approach is always needed to ensure proper utilization and timing of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in the management of this disease. Combination chemotherapy regimens (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and gemcitabine [FOLFIRINOX] and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel) have improved overall survival in metastatic disease. The role of combination chemotherapy regimens in BRPC and LAPC is an area of active investigation. There is no consensus on the dose, modality, and role of radiation therapy in the treatment of BRPC and LAPC. This article reviews the literature and highlights the areas of controversy regarding management of BRPC and LAPC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst cancers with regard to survival, even at early stages of the disease. This review evaluates all the evidence for the stages in which the cancer is not primarily resectable with surgery, known as borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable. Recently, advancements in radiation techniques and use of better combination chemotherapies have improved survival and tolerance. There is no consensus on description of stages or treatment sequences (chemotherapy, chemoradiation, radiation), nor on the best chemotherapy regimen. The evidence behind the treatment paradigm for these stages of pancreatic cancer is summarized.
Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and the evidence linking toll-like receptor signaling to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in innate immune defenses. After activation by foreign pathogens or host-derived molecules, TLRs signal via overlapping or distinct signaling cascades and eventually induce numerous genes involved in a variety of cellular responses. A growing body of evidence suggests that TLR signaling also plays an important role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. We review our current understanding of the TLR signaling pathways and their roles in the pathophysiology of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as discuss several mechanisms for TLR activation and regulation.
Comment on Castillo et al. (2015)

SirIn their paper, Castillo et al. (2015) report that reducing levels of ionizing radiation below background inhibits growth in the two species of bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis and Deinococcus ra...
The Date of the Compilation of the Chapter of "Yinzheng" in Shangshu——An Examination of Linguistic Point of View

Ever since the Song dynasty,academics have questioned the authenticity of the so-called "Old Text" of Shangshu.However,in the past decades,scholars have changed their attitude toward the so-called "forged books" and the study of authentication of ancient texts.Some of scholars suggest that the "Old Text" of Shangshu should not be considered to be a "forged" book,and the conclusion reached by Shangshu "guwen shuzheng" is a falsified deduction.The authenticity of the "Old Text" of Shangshu has attracted many scholars to attempt various methodologies and angles,but linguistic point of view.The present paper uses the Chapter of "Yinzheng" as a sample to explore the date of its compilation.Through a textual study,I found that some of terminologies,such as "huo yan Kungang," "Yu shi ju fen," "menghuo," "tianjie," and "changxian" these five words,are unseen from other Pre-Qin documents,and their early occurrences can only be dated to the Eastern Han and Western Jin dynasties.Although we can't conclude that "Yinzheng" is a forged ancient document on basis of this single evidence,we may postulate that it was possibly during the Eastern Han,Wei and Jin dynasties,the document of "Yinzheng" finally shaped into what is received today.In the meanwhile,"Yinzheng" does not show any apparent textual traces of the Pre-Qin times judging from the development of historical linguitics.
The Treatment Experience of Delayed Vitamin K_1 Deficiency and Intracranial hemorrhage

Objective To discuss that the delayed vitamin K1 deficiency and internal hemorrhage were the important causes of infants’death and disability. Methods We should do the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment to reduce the incidence rate and sequela and improve the life quality. Results In 33 cases, 16 cases were cured, better(4 cases), giving up treatment(2 cases), the sequela(8 cases),low intelligence(6 cases), paralysed lower limb(2 cases),death(3 cases). Conclusion We should pay attention to the early prevention and treatment and improve the efficacy and reduce the disability and death.
Analyzing Caspase-1 Activation During Legionella pneumophila Infection in Macrophages

Caspase-1 is a critical factor in the innate immune response to Legionella pneumophila. The development of methods for analyzing caspase-1 activation pathways and downstream caspase-1-associated activities has helped in understanding the regulation of this protease and the signaling components involved. Here we outline methods for directly detecting active caspase-1, measuring caspase-1 activities and analyzing components involved in the regulation of caspase-1 during L. pneumophila infection in macrophages.
The Physics Program of MICE Step IV

Abstract The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is progressing towards a demonstration of the cooling technology required for the Neutrino Factory and the Muon Collider. MICE Step IV will allow the cooling properties of liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride to be studied in detail and provide the first opportunity to observe the reduction of normalized transverse emittance using ionization cooling. Absorbers sited within a superconducting focus-coil magnet will cause the muon beam to lose energy. The muon-beam phase space upstream and downstream of the absorber/focus-coil module will be measured using two solenoidal spectrometers. After a brief summary of the status of the experiment, the physics program of Step IV is described.
An approach for smart artifacts for mobile advertising

Mobile applications and services have received significant attention among researchers, developers, wireless carriers, and content providers. Many of these applications, such as Google Latitude and Find My Friends, use location-based information from GPS or wireless networks to support location-awareness. For mobile advertising, location information is certainly important, however deriving and utilizing user's dynamic context can significantly improve the effectiveness of advertisements. In this "research-in-progress" paper, we present a design-science method for building artifacts for context-aware mobile applications. The method supports sensing, processing and deriving the most current context based on both live and stored information including current activities, location, and user profile. Several important research issues are also presented.
Trypsin and chymotrypsin development in the neonatal lamb.

Twenty-two neonatal lambs were sacrificed at various ages (0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days postpartum), and assays for trypsin and chymotrypsin activity were conducted on the duodenal section of the small intestine. No trypsin activity was found at birth, but gradual nonsignificant increases in activity were found through day 7 and over a fourfold increase (P less than .01) was observed between days 7 and 14, with no significant changes for the rest of the 42-day study. Chymotrypsin was present at similar levels from birth through day 7, with a twofold increase (P less than .05) in activity between day 7 and 14 and no significant change thereafter.
The Free Market Argument

It is important to point out at the beginning that what I call the “free market argument” differs from what has come to be known as the “conservative argument.” This is because the latter is a composite of moral, economic, and political arguments that present a multi-faceted perspective on social issues. George Nash in The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 divides conservatives into three groups—the “libertarians” or classical liberals, the “traditionalists,” and the “evangelical anti-communists.” He claims that a full characterization of the conservative argument must take all of these groups into account. My characterization of the free market argument is closest to the libertarian view, concentrating on the classical liberal value of individual rights and avoiding the emotional and moralistic concerns of the “traditionalists” and “evangelical anti-communists.” I will separate the free market argument from the conservative argument and investigate it in isolation.
Pathogenesis of ischemic mitral insufficiency.

We developed a new animal model of ischemic mitral insufficiency in sheep and used it to test the hypothesis that the combination of posterior papillary muscle infarction and left ventricular dilatation was required to produce mitral regurgitation after acute inferior myocardial infarction of moderate size. In 12 sheep, ligation of the first two circumflex marginal coronary arteries infarcted 23 % of the left ventricular mass, increased left ventricular cavitary area from 13.2 ±1.2 cm2 to 20.0 ± 2.7 cm2 by 8 weeks and did not produce ischemic mitral regurgitation. In 13 sheep, ligation of the second and third circumflex marginal arteries infarcted 21 % of the left ventricular mass and, in 11 of these sheep, the posterior papillary muscular mass as well. When the papillary muscle was included, this infarction produced progressively severe mitral regurgitation over 8 weeks, as left ventricular cavitary area increased from 12.5 ± 2.6 cm2 to 22.8 ± 3.8 cm2. We conclude that neither posterior papillary muscle infarction nor left ventricular dilatation alone produces ischemic mitral regurgitation after moderate-sized inferior wall infarction, but that the combination does.
Overstimulated Consumers or Next-Generation Learners? Parent Tensions About Child Mobile Technology Use

PURPOSE Mobile technology is ubiquitous, but its impact on family life has not been thoroughly addressed in the scientific literature or in clinical practice guidelines. We aimed to understand parents’ views regarding mobile technology use by young children, aged 0 to 8 years, including perceived benefits, concerns, and effects on family interactions, with the goal of informing pediatric guidelines. METHODS We conducted 35 in-depth, semistructured group and individual interviews with English-speaking caregivers of diverse ethnic backgrounds, educational levels, and employment statuses. After thematic saturation, results were validated through expert triangulation and member checking. RESULTS Participants included 22 mothers, 9 fathers, and 4 grandmothers; 31.4% were single parents, 42.9% were of nonwhite race or ethnicity, and 40.0% completed high school or less. Participants consistently expressed a high degree of tension regarding their child’s mobile technology use, from which several themes emerged: (1) effects on the child—fear of missing out on educational benefits vs concerns about negative effects on thinking and imagination; (2) locus of control—wanting to use digital devices in beneficial ways vs feeling that rapidly evolving technologies are beyond their control (a tension more common in low-income caregivers); and (3) family stress—the necessity of device use in stressed families (eg, to control a child’s behavior or as an inexpensive learning/entertainment tool) vs its displacement of family time. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers of young children describe many novel concepts regarding use of mobile technology, raising issues not addressed by current anticipatory guidance. Guidance may be more effectively implemented if it takes into account parents’ uncertainties, locus of control, and functional uses of mobile devices in families.
Does Enterprise risk management enhance operating performance

Abstract The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework (COSO-ERM) indicates that the development of an enterprise-wide risk assessment and management process is designed to “provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives.” We examine this issue and hypothesize that firms with mature ERM processes should achieve greater operational performance than those with less mature risk management processes. This study relies on internal audit function management survey responses matched with archival firm level data to gain a better understanding of the expected operating performance impact of the multi-stage ERM implementation process. After controlling for board governance and other known effects, we find that firms with higher levels of ERM process maturity are characterized by higher operating performance than their industry peers utilizing performance metrics closely related to the earnings process. Our study provides support for the linkage of enhanced operating performance associated with the maturity of ERM processes and suggests other potential areas of ERM research.
A tunable waveguide-coupled cavity design for scalable interfaces to solid-state quantum emitters

Photonic nanocavities in diamond have emerged as useful structures for interfacing photons and embedded atomic color centers, such as the nitrogen vacancy center. Here, we present a hybrid nanocavity design that enables (i) a loaded quality factor exceeding 50 000 (unloaded Q>106) with 75% of the enhanced emission collected into an underlying waveguide circuit, (ii) MEMS-based cavity spectral tuning without straining the diamond, and (iii) the use of a diamond waveguide with straight sidewalls to minimize surface defects and charge traps. This system addresses the need for scalable on-chip photonic interfaces to solid-state quantum emitters.
Home location inference from sparse and noisy data: models and applications

Accurate home location is increasingly important for urban computing. Existing methods either rely on continuous (and expensive) Global Positioning System (GPS) data or suffer from poor accuracy. In particular, the sparse and noisy nature of social media data poses serious challenges in pinpointing where people live at scale. We revisit this research topic and infer home location within 100 m×100 m squares at 70% accuracy for 76% and 71% of active users in New York City and the Bay Area, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time home location has been detected at such a fine granularity using sparse and noisy data. Since people spend a large portion of their time at home, our model enables novel applications. As an example, we focus on modeling people’s health at scale by linking their home locations with publicly available statistics, such as education disparity. Results in multiple geographic regions demonstrate both the effectiveness and added value of our home localization method and reveal insights that eluded earlier studies. In addition, we are able to discover the real buzz in the communities where people live.
Altered responsiveness in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and its implication to underlying psychopathology.

Abstract Purpose Altered responsiveness during psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a distinct semiological feature that may signal a psychological vulnerability. We hypothesized that altered responsiveness is related to difficulties with emotion tolerance, experiential avoidance, difficulty coping, dissociation and trauma and prior experiences of loss of awareness. Methods 71 patients with video-EEG confirmed PNES were divided into two groups based on their responsiveness at the time of the captured event during long-term monitoring. Demographic information, clinical history and self-rated questionnaires highlighting psychopathology were compared between the groups. Results 47 patients (66%) had altered responsiveness during their captured event. Married or partnered subjects were more represented in the altered responsiveness group. Experiential avoidance, as measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and affect intolerance, as measured by the Affective Style Questionnaire, were significantly higher in the altered responsiveness group. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale was significantly higher among intact responsiveness subjects. Subjects with altered responsiveness were more likely to have a family history of seizures, comorbid headaches, and loss of consciousness (LOC) during traumatic brain injury. There were no differences in measures of dissociation, somatization, mood or anxiety, or presence of psychiatric comorbidities, including PTSD or history of trauma. Conclusion Altered responsiveness during PNES is a marker of lower emotional resilience or ability to tolerate emotions among patients with PNES. Emotion management may be an important therapeutic target for these patients. Prior experiences with LOC also contribute to the presence of altered responsiveness. Trauma and dissociation did not differentiate responsiveness during PNES.
A wide-band dual-polarized reconfigurable slot-ring antenna/array with a compact CPW feeding structure

A wide-band dual-polarized reconfigurable slot-ring antenna/array using a compact CPW feeding structure is presented. By using a CPW feeding mechanism, the mutual coupling between the two orthogonal feeding lines is reduced significantly compared to the traditional microstrip feeding method while maintaining the antenna bandwidth. Furthermore, the CPW feeding network is more compact than the microstrip feeding network which is an important factor in large antenna arrays.
A Comparative User Study of Interactive Multilingual Search Interfaces

While the number of polyglot Web users across the globe has increased dramatically, little human-centered research has been conducted to better understand and support multilingual user abilities and preferences. In particular, in the fields of cross-language and multilingual search, the majority of research has focused primarily on improving retrieval and translation accuracy, while paying comparably less attention to multilingual user interaction aspects. By contrast, this paper specifically focuses on multilingual search user interface preferences and behaviors, through a lab-based user study involving 25 participants interacting with a set of four different interactive multilingual search user interfaces. User preference results confirm that multilingual search users generally have strong preferences towards interfaces that provide clear language separation, and that the traditional approach of interleaving results, as typically used in prior research, is least preferred. In addition, an analysis of user interaction behaviors shows that multilingual users make significant use of each of their languages, and that there are several interaction behavior differences depending on interface and task type.
Thermal Structure of a Coastal–Urban Boundary Layer

We use various temperature profilers located in and around New York City to observe the structure and evolution of the thermal boundary layer. The primary focus is to highlight the spatial variability of potential-temperature profiles due to heterogeneous surface forcing in an urban environment during different flow conditions. Overall, the observations during the summer period reveal the presence of thermal internal boundary layers due to the interaction between the marine atmospheric boundary layer and the convective urban environment. The summer daytime potential-temperature profiles within the city indicate a superadiabatic layer is present near the surface beneath a mildly stable layer. Large spatial variability in the near-surface (0–300 m) potential temperature is detected, with the thermal profile in the lower atmosphere uniquely determined by the underlying surface forcing and the distance from the coast. The summer and winter average night-time potential-temperature profiles show that the atmosphere is still convective near the surface. The seasonal averages of mixing ratio show large variability in the vertical direction.
Resilience and Family Psychosocial Processes Among Children of Parents with Serious Mental Disorders

Resilience involves successful adaptation despite adverse circumstances, and is operationalized in this study as a multidimensional construct which consists of both positive and negative indicators of adaptation. Previous research has emphasized the importance of parental psychopathology in predicting child adaptation among children of parents with serious mental disorders. In contrast, we hypothesized five family psychosocial processes as common sequelae to serious parental mental disorder that are central to child adaptation beyond that predicted by parental psychiatric status. These are diminished family financial resources, social network constriction, impaired performance of parenting tasks, increased familial stress, and disruption of the parent-child bond. We examined the relationship of these processes to child adaptation independently through hierarchical regression analyses after taking into account parental psychiatric symptoms and functioning as well as the child's age and gender. One hundred seventy-seven children of mothers with serious mental disorder, ages 2–17 years old, were assessed on measures of adaptation. Results indicated that family psychosocial processes are a more consistent and powerful predictor of child adaptation than parental psychopathology. Results also indicated that, for these children, adaptation is predicted most consistently by parenting performance, and to lesser extents, by the parent-child bond and familial stress. We discuss our results in terms of their implications for theory and intervention with children of parents with serious mental disorders and for the study of resilience.
Louvain-la-Neuve: A Unique New Town

Louvain-la-Neuve is a unique new town not only because it is a planned university town of Belgium combining ‘town and gown’ but also because its intra-city movement of the people has been designed for the pedestrian. Even though two decades have passed since the first building was erected in 1972, such movement still remains pedestrian. We do not know of any new town in the world which combines ‘town and gown’ functions with pedestrian-oriented city traffic. Louvain-la-Neuve is situated about 30 km south of Brussels (Figure 11.1) and has a rural surrounding.
Colloids versus crystalloids in fluid resuscitation: an analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background Controversy about fluid therapy in resuscitation has existed since the 1960s. The difficulty could be that fluid behavior at the lung capillary membrane level may vary depending on the patient's particular pathology. Methods Mortality rates taken from randomized controlled trials were analyzed to compare colloidal and crystalloidal fluid for resuscitation efforts. We controlled for the underlying pathological process by categorizing subjects into three groups: (1) surgical stress, (2) hypovolemia, and (3) severe pulmonary failure. A cost-effectiveness analysis also was performed. Results No statistically significant differences in mortality rates were found. The cost of each life saved using crystalloids is $45.13, and the cost of each life saved using colloidal solutions is $1493.60. Conclusions Because there is no significant mortality-rate advantage to using colloids, and because the cost-effectiveness ratio for crystalloids is much lower than for colloids, it is concluded that crystalloids should always be used in resuscitation efforts.
Automated Theorem Proving using the TPTP Process Instruction Language

The TPTP (Thousands of Problems forTheorem Provers) World is a well established infrastructure for Automated Theorem Proving (ATP). In the context of the TPTP World, a command language was needed to make possible the easy manipulation of logical formulae and provide better control over the use of ATP systems. The TPTP Process Instruction (TPI) language provides such capabilities. It is used to input, output and organize logical formulae, and control the execution of ATP systems. This thesis presents the work done for building and testing a shell interpreter for the TPI language. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part provides a review of ATP, ATP systems, and the TPTP World. The second part provides an overview of the related work and presents the TPI language. The third part introduces the ATP process and discusses its benefits. The fourth part presents the shell interpreter that has been developed for the TPI language, describes its implementation and provides examples of how it can be used in theorem proving. The last part discusses generic control of ATP systems and demonstrates how such control is achieved through an extension to the TPI language.
Abstract P306: Preterm Birth is Associated with Increased Blood Pressure and Increased Urinary Angiotensinogen in Young Adults

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for CVD. Preterm birth is an emerging risk factor for both CVD and HTN, bu...
Solar Sail Transfers and Trajectory Design to Sun-Earth L 4 , L 5 : Solar Observations and Potential Earth Trojan Exploration

The Sun-Earth triangular Lagrange point, L5, offers an ideal location to monitor the space weather. Furthermore, L4, L5 may harbor Earth ‘Trojan’ asteroids and space dust that are of significant interest to the scientific community. No spacecraft has, thus far, entered an orbit in the vicinity of Sun-Earth triangular points in part because of high propellant costs. By incorporating solar sail dynamics in the model representing CR3BP, the concept of a mission to L4, L5 can be re-evaluated and the total ΔV can be reconsidered. A solar sail is employed to increase the energy of the spacecraft and deliver the spacecraft to an orbit about an artificial Lagrange point by leveraging solar radiation pressure and, potentially, without any insertion ΔV.
A Neural Network Based Method to Solve Boundary Value Problems.

A Neural Network (NN) based numerical method is formulated and implemented for solving Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) and numerical results are presented to validate this method by solving Laplace equation with Dirichlet boundary condition and Poisson's equation with mixed boundary conditions. The principal advantage of NN based numerical method is the discrete data points where the field is computed, can be unstructured and do not suffer from issues of meshing like traditional numerical methods such as Finite Difference Time Domain or Finite Element Method. Numerical investigations are carried out for both uniform and non-uniform training grid distributions to understand the efficacy and limitations of this method and to provide qualitative understanding of various parameters involved.
The inflammasome of circulatory collapse: single cell analysis of survival on extracorporeal life support

Background: Despite being a lifesaving intervention for the most critically ill and circulatory compromised patients, veno-arterial extra-corporeal life support (VA-ECLS) is associated with a mortality rate of nearly 60%. Understanding how the immune response to VA-ECLS either promotes or impedes survival would both enhance risk stratification and uncover new therapeutic strategies for these patients. However, conventional enumeration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their subsets have failed to identify determinants of outcome among these cells. Methods: Flow cytometry and plasma cytokine measurement was combined with single cell RNASeq analysis of PBMCs from patients in circulatory shock being started on VA-ECLS to identify clinical, laboratory, and cellular features associated with 72 hour survival. Results: Non-surviving patients exhibited higher plasma levels of the tissue aggressive inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α. Distribution of cells between conventional PBMC subtypes was not predictive of survival. Single cell RNASeq analysis of discriminatory markers within each PBMC subtype revealed that the proportion of CD8+ Natural Killer T-cells (NKT) that expressed CD52, a known immune-modulator, was associated with improved survival. This cell population correlated inversely with IL-6 production. CD8+/CD52+ NKT cells were quantified by flow cytometry in a second, validation cohort. Those patients with a high proportion of CD52+ cells among all CD8+ NKT cells had more severe disease relative to the low CD52+ group, but nevertheless were nearly 5 time less likely to die in the first 72 hours of VA-ECLS (p=0.043 by log rank test). Conclusions: CD8+/CD52+ NKT cells are associated with survival in patients undergoing VA-ECLS. Fluidics based scRNASeq can reveal important aspects of pathophysiology in complex disease states such as circulatory collapse and VA-ECLS. Further studies in animal models will be required to determine if stimulation of CD8+/CD52+ NKT cell expansion may be an effective therapeutic strategy in this patient population.
Properties of Gene Conversion of Deletions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Studies of large numbers of unselected asci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that gene conversion for heterozygous sites occurs frequently (Fogel and Mortimer, 1969; Hurst et al., 1972). The conversion event is identified by 3+: 1 m or 3m: 1+ ratios instead of the expected 2+: 2m. A number of empirical generalizations have emerged from the conversion studies of Fogel, Hurst, and Mortimer. They are (1) parity — conversions of the type 3+: 1m are equal to the type 3m: 1+; (2) fidelity — new alleles are not produced by gene conversion; (3) coconversion — when two sites within a gene are heterozygous, the alleles convert together as well as separately; (4) absence of marker effects — the conversion frequency for a given heterozygous site is constant, unrelated to its position in the map, and not influenced by other alleles within the gene; and (5) conversion-associated recombination — the frequency of reciprocal recombination for genes bracketing a site at which gene conversion has occurred is about 50%.
Reply to "Comment on 'Service Dogs and Safety in Academic Laboratories'"

The article “Service Dogs and Safety in Academic Laboratories” is intended to begin a discussion on questions that must be addressed to maintain a safe environment when students exercise their right to bring a service dog into the lab. The letter by Ramp et al. comments on what they perceive to be a “negative bias concerning the inclusion of people with disabilities in science”. They support their conclusion by referring to specific quotations from the article; this letter clarifies and responds to their concerns.
The Total Errors in Measuring E peak for Gamma-ray Bursts

Of all the observable quantities for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), one of the most important is E peak. E peak is defined as the peak of the νF ν power spectrum from the prompt emission. While E peak has been extensively used in the past, for example with luminosity indicators, it has not been thoroughly examined for possible sources of scatter. In the literature, the reported error bars for E peak are the simple Poisson statistical errors. Additional uncertainties arise due to the choices made by analysts in determining E peak (e.g., the start and stop times of integration), imperfect knowledge of the response of the detector, different energy ranges for various detectors, and differences in models used to fit the spectra. We examine the size of these individual sources of scatter by comparing many independent pairs of published E peak values for the same bursts. Indeed, the observed scatter in multiple reports of the same burst (often with the same data) is greatly larger than the published statistical error bars. We measure that the 1σ uncertainty associated with the analyst's choices is 28%, i.e., 0.12 in log10(E peak), with the resultant errors always being present. The errors associated with the detector response are negligibly small. The variations caused by commonly used alternative definitions of E peak (such as present in all papers and in all compiled burst lists) are typically 23%-46%, although this varies substantially with the application. The implications of this are: (1) Even the very best measured E peak values will have systematic uncertainties of 28%. (2) Thus, GRBs have a limitation in accuracy for a single event, with this being reducible by averaging many bursts. (3) The typical 1σ total uncertainty for collections of bursts is 55%. (4) We also find that the width of the distribution for E peak in the burst frame must be near zero, implying that some mechanism must exist to thermostat GRBs. (5) Our community can only improve on this situation by using collections of bursts which all have identical definitions for the E peak calculation.
Introduction: A Hoot in the Light

Our senses are minute windows into an external world, from which we would otherwise be disconnected. They afford us several incomplete pictures that we merge in our minds to provide a rough and ready map to the exterior, the not us. This chapter introduces the inspiration and scope of my research into the overlapping worlds of biology, culture, and persuasion. Inspired by Marshall McLuhan’s often misunderstood statement that the medium is the message, and Jakob von Uexkull’s emphasis on the importance of Umwelten in the worldviews of creatures and how that shapes their interactions with all other living things, the book uncovers the sensory modes of human and nonhuman animal communication and persuasion.
Ensuring contact: calling rural Appalachian older adults during the COVID-19 epidemic.

INTRODUCTION: Older adults, especially those aged 85 years or older, remain at significantly higher risk for COVID-19. This group, along with those with pre-existing heart and lung disease and diabetes, have accounted for 80% of hospitalizations and an even higher percentage of COVID-19 related deaths in the USA. West Virginia, the only state in the USA located completely within Appalachia, has a higher percentage of elderly than all but two states in the nation. Rural seniors are hesitant to use hospital emergency departments and attend routine care visits for fear of exposure to the virus. Restricted cell phone and internet service may limit effective technological outreach to more isolated rural older adults. More information is needed to develop effective, safe, and acceptable approaches to care for rural, isolated older adults. METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted with 124 community-dwelling residents in four counties in rural Appalachia between 1 and 22 April 2020. Participants were aged 75 years or older. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Fisher's Exact Test was used to examine for associations among variables. RESULTS: Participants consisted of 86 (69.4%) women and 38 (30.6%) men with an average age of 82.5 years. Telephone contact was the preferred method of contact among all but four participants (96.8%). Seventeen calls (13.7%) resulted in some form of intervention, including arranging for emergent home repairs, treatment of severe hypertension, scheduling urgent laboratory testing, arranging for terminal care, treating acute conditions, and providing durable medical equipment. The 17 participants requiring intervention were significantly more likely to be aged 85 years or older (p=0.004), and report two or more chronic conditions (p<0.001). Those describing themselves as 'lonely' were significantly more likely to live alone (p=0.009) and describe themselves as 'anxious' or 'depressed' (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: A telephone call appears to be the most effective means of communication with patients in these rural Appalachian counties. Patients aged 85 years or older and those living alone should be given highest priority for regular outreach by healthcare providers. In this population, systematically calling rural elderly patients during the COVID-19 epidemic and its aftermath represents an effective strategy for providers who care for elderly rural patients.
Older Adult Population and Neighborhood Walkability by Metropolitan Area Size and Degree of Urban Sprawl

Despite the various health and social benefits walkable environments are expected to confer, initial studies indicate that older adults in the United States are primarily moving away, rather than t...
Global Dynamics in Gyroscopic and Aeroelastic Systems

In this paper, we study certain gyroscopic and aeroelastic systems near resonances, subject to internal damping, symmetry-breaking and time periodic perturbations. The interplay between these three effects results in a variety of local and global bifurcations. This paper deals with obtaining new bifurcation results for fairly general nonlinear gyroscopic and aeroelastic systems using the method of normal forms, global bifurcation techniques, and various other dynamical systems tools. While deriving these equations of motion, many in the past have neglected some nonlinear terms as insignificant which, in fact, may completely change the bifurcation behavior. In both gyroscopic and aeroelastic systems it is the nonlinear dissipative terms that can change the behavior, and it is essential to carefully model these terms in the physical problems. For general nonlinear gyroscopic and aeroelastic systems, we present these effects as various bifurcation results due to symmetry-breaking imperfections. In the case of the gyroscopic systems the symmetry is broken by the addition of imperfections while for general aeroelastic systems, the reversible symmetry is broken by the addition of unsteady aerodynamic terms. We also determine parameter regions where homoclinic foci exist, which may give rise to Silnikov phenomena, depending on the linearized eigenvalues. In a mechanical system, such phenomena may lead to large amplitude oscillations leading to catastrophic failure or persistent small amplitude motions leading to structural fatigue. In this paper we shall present two important classes of problems for which some global methods can be applied to detect such behavior.
Detection of behavior change in people with depression

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common mental health disorder and remains a leading cause of disability and lost productivity with huge costs for society. MDD has high rates of relapse and recurrence, and it has strong correlations with feelings of low social support and disrupted sleep. However, MDD is also commonly misdiagnosed by primary care providers, which leads to delayed treatment and unnecessary suffering. Changes in technology now make it possible to cheaply and effectively monitor social and sleep behaviors, offering the potential of early detection of the onset of MDD. We report on the design of Big Black Dog, a smartphone-based system for gathering data about social and sleep behaviors. We also report on the results of a pilot evaluation to understand the feasibility of gathering and using data from smartphones for inferring the onset of depression.
SU-E-T-775: Use of Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) for Quality Assurance (QA) of Electron Beams On Varian Truebeam System

Purpose: In a previous study we have demonstrated the feasibility of using EPID to QA electron beam parameters on a single Varian TrueBeam LINAC. This study aims to provide further investigation on (1) reproducibility of using EPID to detect electron beam energy changes on multiple machines and (2) evaluation of appropriate calibration methods to compare results from different EPIDs. Methods: Ad-hoc mode electron beam images were acquired in developer mode with XML code. Electron beam data were collected on a total of six machines from four institutions. A custom-designed double-wedge phantom was placed on the EPID detector. Two calibration methods - Pixel Sensitivity Map (PSM) and Large Source-to-Imager Distance Flood Field (LSID-FF) - were used. To test the sensitivity of EPID in detecting energy drifts, Bending Magnet Current (BMC) was detuned to invoke energy changes corresponding to ∼±1.5 mm change in R50% of PDD on two machines from two institutions. Percent depth ionization (PDI) curves were then analyzed and compared with the respective baseline images using LSID-FF calibration. For reproducibility testing, open field EPID images and images with a standard testing phantom were collected on multiple machines. Images with and without PSM correction for same energies on different machines were overlaid and compared. Results: Two pixel shifts were observed in PDI curve when energy changes exceeded the TG142 tolerance. PSM showed the potential to correct the differences in pixel response of different imagers. With PSM correction, the histogram of images differences obtained from different machines showed narrower distributions than those images without PSM correction. Conclusion: EPID is sensitive for electron energy changes and the results are reproducible on different machines. When overlaying images from different machines, PSM showed the ability to partially eliminate the intrinsic variation of various imagers. Research Funding from Varian Medical Systems Inc.Dr. Sasa Mutic receives compensation for providing patient safety training services from Varian Medical Systems, the sponsor of this study.
The basolateral amygdala in reward learning and addiction

Sophisticated behavioral paradigms partnered with the emergence of increasingly selective techniques to target the basolateral amygdala (BLA) have resulted in an enhanced understanding of the role of this nucleus in learning and using reward information. Due to the wide variety of behavioral approaches many questions remain on the circumscribed role of BLA in appetitive behavior. In this review, we integrate conclusions of BLA function in reward-related behavior using traditional interference techniques (lesion, pharmacological inactivation) with those using newer methodological approaches in experimental animals that allow in vivo manipulation of cell type-specific populations and neural recordings. Secondly, from a review of appetitive behavioral tasks in rodents and monkeys and recent computational models of reward procurement, we derive evidence for BLA as a neural integrator of reward value, history, and cost parameters. Taken together, BLA codes specific and temporally dynamic outcome representations in a distributed network to orchestrate adaptive responses. We provide evidence that experiences with opiates and psychostimulants alter these outcome representations in BLA, resulting in long-term modified action.
Asset Pricing Under Heterogeneous Information

In an asset market where agents have heterogeneous information, asset prices not only depend their expectations of the true fundamentals but also depend on their expectations of the expectations of others.Iterations of such expectations lead to the so-called "infinite regress'' problem, which makes the analysis of asset pricing under heterogeneous information challenging. In this paper, we solve the infinite-regress problem in a simple economic setting under a fairly general information structure. This allows us to examine how different forms of information heterogeneity impacts the behavior of asset prices, their return dynamics, trading volume as well as agents' welfare. We find that in general current prices exhibit long-range dependence on past shocks. Moreover, we show that information heterogeneity tends to lower the level of asset prices, increase price volatility and return variability, and reduce trading volume. It also tends to decrease agents' welfare, including those with superior information.
Structured neural networks in nature and in computer science

Recent advances in several disciplines have led to rapidly growing interest in massively parallel computation. There are considerable potential scientific and practical benefits from this approach, but positive results will be based on existing knowledge of computational structures, not on mystical emergent properties of unstructured networks.