cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychospiritual well-being and symptom distress in women with breast cancer.

Purpose/objectives To examine the relationship between symptom distress and psychospiritual well-being in women with breast cancer. Design Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study. Setting Secondary analysis of data collected in 2000 from the Breast Cancer Support Web site at http://pages.prodigy.net/replyasap/bc. Sample 100 women were invited to participate in the study after posting an entry in the Web site guest book. Most had stage I or II breast cancer, were nearly 46 years old, and were 10.25 months postdiagnosis. Methods Mailed questionnaires. Women were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis, first cancer experience, fewer than two years postsurgery for breast cancer, 18 years of age or older, and the ability to read and write in English. Symptom distress was measured using the Symptom Distress Scale. Psychospiritual well-being was measured by combining scores from the psychological subscale of the breast-cancer specific version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (Spiritual) Measurement System 12 for a composite score. Main research variables Symptom distress, psychospiritual well-being. Findings Symptom distress and psychospiritual well-being were inversely related. No relationship was found between age and symptom distress; however, age was inversely related to psychospiritual well-being. Age and symptom distress accounted for 23.1% of the variance in psychospiritual well-being. Conclusions Participants experienced a small amount of symptom distress, which was inversely related to psychospiritual well-being. Although their symptom distress was similar to other studies, patients in this study reported lower psychospiritual well-being than participants in other studies. Implications for nursing Psychospiritual well-being is an important concept for nurses seeking a holistic approach to practice because it connects the mind and spirit with the body.
Genetic interrelationships among phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, and energy bioavailability in a growing chicken population

A random-mating population was used to study the genetic interrelationship between phytate P (PPB), Ca (CaB), N (NB), and energy bioavailability (EB), BW at 4 wk of age, relative growth (RG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Heritability estimates for PPB, CaB, NB, and EB were 0.09, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.10, respectively, and those of BW, RG, and FCR were 0.66, 0.15, and 0.10, respectively. Genetic correlations between PPB and BW, and FCR were moderate and negative, suggesting that improvement in PPB will impair growth. The genetic correlations between PPB and CaB, and EB and RG were positive and moderate, indicating that improvement in PPB would also lead to improved CaB, EB, and RG. Energy bioavailability was positively correlated with CaB, NB, PPB, and BW. Even though the genetic correlation between EB and the other traits measured, except RG and FCR, ranged from low to moderate, improving the ability of birds to utilize caloric energy in the feed would consequently improve PPB as well as growth. Improving PPB would reduce the amount of P in excreta and provide an additional savings if exogenous phytase were not added to poultry feed. The genetic correlation between PPB and NB was low but positive, whereas NB had a positive genetic correlation with BW. Therefore, selecting on NB will result in positive correlated responses in BW and PPB. Improving PPB and NB will not only improve productivity, but also reduce the polluting effects of P and N on the environment.
Family Functioning and Treatment Adherence in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most challenging pediatric illnesses for families to manage. There is, however, limited research that considers the associations between family functioning and treatment adherence in children and adolescents with CF. Methods: Nineteen children with CF (mean age=12.42 years, mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)=90.9% predicted) and their families participated in the study. Caregiver and child participants completed interview-based assessments and were then videotaped during a family mealtime. Results: Mean scores on several domains of family functioning fell in the “unhealthy” range. Better family functioning was found among older children. Better family functioning was also associated with better adherence to antibiotic treatment and worse adherence to enzymes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that family functioning may be an important correlate of treatment adherence in children and adolescents with CF. Future research should replicate these findings in larger samples of children and adolescents with CF.
External funding of obstetrical publications: citation significance and trends over 2 decades.

Objective The objective of the study was to identify the external funding status of the most frequently cited obstetrical publications (citation classics) and to assess trends in funded vs nonfunded manuscripts as well as each publication's type of external funding. Study Design For the first objective, the citation classics, which were reported in a previous publication, were reviewed to identify their funding status. For the second objective, all pregnancy-related and obstetrical publications from the 2 US-based leading journals, the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics and Gynecology , were reviewed to identify the funding status and trends between 1989 and 2012. Results Twenty-seven of 44 of the citation classics (61%) had external funding, whereas only 43% of the reviewed regular (non-citation classic) obstetrical publications had external funding. There was a decreasing trend in the number of obstetrical manuscripts associated with a decreasing trend in the number and proportion of nonfunded manuscripts and an increasing trend in the number and proportion of National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded manuscripts. Relative to 1989, in 2012 there was a 34.8% decrease in the number of published obstetrical manuscripts, a 59.6% decrease in the number of nonfunded manuscripts, and a 6.8% increase in the number of funded manuscripts accompanied by an 8.2% increase in the number of NIH-funded publications. In the last 9 years (2004-2012), there was a 35.1% increase in the proportion of NIH-funded manuscripts accompanied by an 18.8% decrease in the proportion of non–NIH-funded manuscripts. Conclusion Our findings provide useful data regarding the importance of securing NIH-based funding for physicians contemplating academic careers in obstetrics.
Graph-based Event Coreference Resolution

In this paper, we address the problem of event coreference resolution as specified in the Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) program. In contrast to entity coreference resolution, event coreference resolution has not received great attention from researchers. In this paper, we first demonstrate the diverse scenarios of event coreference by an example. We then model event coreference resolution as a spectral graph clustering problem and evaluate the clustering algorithm on ground truth event mentions using ECM F-Measure. We obtain the ECM-F scores of 0.8363 and 0.8312 respectively by using two methods for computing coreference matrices.
Measurement of the magnetic moment and lifetime of the 132+ level in 205Pb

Abstract The g -factor, half-life, and branching ratios of the 13 2 + , 1014 keV isomer in 205 Pb have been measured using pulsed-beam excitation through the 204 Hg(α, 3n) 205 Pb reaction ( g = −0.150±0.006, T 1 2 = 5.55±0.2 ms ). It is shown that this is the g -factor of the i 13 2 neutron orbit within 10 %.
Numerical simulations of dynamic crack growth along an interface

Dynamic crack growth is analyzed numerically for a plane strain bimaterial block with an initial central crack. The material on each side of the bond line is characterized by an isotropic hyperelastic constitutive relation. A cohesive surface constitutive relation is also specified that relates the tractions and displacement jumps across the bond line and that allows for the creation of new free surface. The resistance to crack initiation and the crack speed history are predicted without invoking any ad hoc failure criterion. Full finite strain transient analyses are carried out, with two types of loading considered; tensile loading on one side of the specimen and crack face loading. The crack speed history and the evolution of the crack tip stress state are investigated for parameters characterizing a PMMA/Al bimaterial. Additionally, the separate effects of elastic modulus mismatch and elastic wave speed mismatch on interface crack growth are explored for various PMMA-artificial material combinations. The mode mixity of the near tip fields is found to increase with increasing crack speed and in some cases large scale contact occurs in the vicinity of the crack tip. Crack speeds that exceed the smaller of the two Rayleigh wave speeds are also found.
Multicellular Origin of Parathyroid Adenomas

Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are associated with enlargement of a single gland (i.e., an "adenoma") or with chief-cell hyperplasia, but there is controversy about the relative frequency of each of these entities. It has even been postulated that adenomas do not arise spontaneously, bu- result from prolonged hyperplasia in response to unknown stimuli. We studied four parathyroid adenomas from three women with heterozygosity (GdB/GdA) for the X-chromosome-linked enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, to determine the number of cells from which the growths arise. Unicellular origin would be compatible with a rare oncogenic event, whereas multicellular origin might be seen with hyperplasia. Both B and A isoenzymes were found in each "adenoma" in proportions similar to those observed in normal tissues, indicating that the lesions have multicellular origin. Thus, parathyroid hyperplasia and adenomas, which at best are difficult to distinguish from one another pathologically, may also be similar biologically.
Recent developments in US wireline telecommunications

This article presents a selective survey of several recent developments in the US market for wireline telecommunications services spanning the 2003-2005 period. Specifically, the article discusses the recent decline in overall telephone penetration rates, the substitution between wireline and wireless telephony, intermodal competition issues raised in the context of the FCCs review of the Cingular/AT&T Wireless merger, and the potentially anticompetitive effects of incumbent local exchange carrier tying of voice and DSL service. The article identifies several areas for future research motivated by each one of these developments.
Oncogenic retroviruses of cattle, chickens and turkeys : Potential infectivity and oncogenicity for humans

Reticuloendotheliosis virus naturally infects and cause lymphoid leukosis in chickens and turkeys. We investigated whether it can infect/transfect a variety of human cells in vitro. Successful infection and transfection were achieved with limited replication of virus. These findings, together with the knowledge that other oncogenic retroviruses of chickens and cattle, viz. The avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses and bovine leukemia virus show similar infectivity/oncogencity in vitro for humans, and the recent demonstration of antibodies to avian leukosis/sarcoma virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in human sera, suggest that these viruses may have a role in the etiology of certain cancers in humans. There is now urgent need to investigate this, particularly because recent epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate excess of cancers in groups occupationally exposed to these viruses.
Cross-State Variation in Medicaid Support for Older Citizens in Long Term Care Nursing Facilities

As the baby boom generation con tinues to age, state long-term care for older citizens?whether they are in nursing facilities, community-based residences such as assisted-living centers, or their own homes?likely will become more heavily utilized and expensive. This article examines the factors explaining state support for Medicaid programs for the long-term care of older citizens and how these factors differ
Parallel Sub-Channel Transmission for Cognitive Radios with Multiple Antennas

In a cognitive radio network that the transceivers have multiple antennas, the secondary users are in cognizant of the spatial channels toward the primary users. The secondary transmitter adjusts the spatial spectrum of its transmission in order to maximize its own information rate while generating acceptable interference to the primary receivers. This paper investigates the rate maximization problem of parallel sub-channel transmission for cognitive radios. The sub-channels are along the spatial directions of the projected channel matrix that nullifies the dominant directions toward the primary receiver, and the power allocation on these sub-channels follows a multi-level water-filling solution. Simulation and experimental results show that, when the number of dimensions of the projected channel matrix is appropriately chosen, this practical transmission method can reach a maximum information rate that is close to the rate of the computationally expensive optimal transmission.
MacroH2A Allows ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling by SWI/SNF and ACF Complexes but Specifically Reduces Recruitment of SWI/SNF

The variant histone macroH2A helps maintain X inactivation and gene silencing. Previous work implied that nucleosomes containing macroH2A cannot be remodeled by ISWI and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes. Using approaches that prevent misassembly of macroH2A nucleosomes, we find that macroH2A nucleosomes are excellent substrates for both enzyme families. Interestingly, SWI/SNF, which is involved in gene activation, preferentially binds H2A nucleosomes over macroH2A nucleosomes, but ACF, an ISWI complex implicated in gene repression, shows no preference. Thus, macroH2A may help regulate the balance between activating and repressive remodeling complexes.
The Only Stable State of O2- Is the X 2Πg Ground State and It (Still!) Has an Adiabatic Electron Detachment Energy of 0.45 eV

The ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of O2- exhibits 29 resolved vibronic transitions to the three low-lying electronic states of neutral O2 (X 3Σg-, a 1Δg, b 1Σg+) from the X 2ΠJ (J = 3/2 and 1/2) spin−orbit states of the anion. A Franck−Condon simulation, using the established molecular constants of the neutral oxygen states, matches every observed feature in the spectrum. The 0−0 origin transition is unambiguously assigned, yielding the electron affinity EA0(O2) = 0.448 ± 0.006 eV. The derived bond dissociation energy is D0(O2-) = 395.9 ± 0.6 kJ/mol. Coupled-cluster theory at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level is used to determine the potential energy curves of O2 and of O2- in its ground state and two excited states, in both the electronically bound and unbound regions. Stabilization methods are employed to characterize the anion curves at bond lengths where their electronic energies lie above that of the ground-state neutral. The calculations confirm that the O2- X 2Πg ground state is adiabatically stab...
Electrical characterization and analysis of the degradation of electrode Schottky barriers in BaTiO3 dielectric materials due to hydrogen exposure

Hydrogen gas creates a highly damaging environment that degrades electrical properties in oxide based dielectrics and piezoelectrics. In this study, the degradation resistivity due to hydrogen gas in a barium titanate X7R dielectric is designed and processed for base metal electrode capacitors. The present paper is devoted to I-V measurements and the loss of resistivity in the electrode Schottky barriers. The DC degradation and asymmetries noted in I-V forward and reverse biasing conditions were assumed to be hydrogen ion interstitials, locally creating donor substitutions. Thermionic and field emission conductivity mechanisms are applied to model the I-V data; the conductivity is controlled by the Schottky barrier heights and hydrogen ions localizing at the interfaces. Finally, a mechanism was proposed for resistivity degradation due to exposure to hydrogen gas. The proposed mechanism predicts the degradation should be reversible, and its validity was examined by recovery tests.
Tube hydroforming: current research, applications and need for training

Abstract Tube hydroforming is a relatively new technology compared to conventional stamping. Thus, there is no large “knowledge base” that can be utilized for process and die design. To remedy this situation, considerable research is now being conducted by various institutions on significant aspects of tube hydroforming technology, including material selection, friction, pre-form design, hydroforming process and tool design, die materials and coatings. ERC/NSM is also conducting R&D in tube hydroforming in association with its industrial partners. This paper summarizes some of the early results in hydroforming of low carbon steel and aluminum alloy 6061-T9 tubes.
Incidence and temporal trends of primary immunodeficiency: a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and temporal trends of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) and examine whether an association exists between delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a historical cohort study to describe the epidemiology of PIDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during a 31-year period from January 1, 1976, through December 31, 2006, using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Incidence and trends over time, presence of comorbid conditions, and trends in management were determined. RESULTS: During the 31-year study period, 158 new cases of PIDs were diagnosed, with an overall incidence rate of 4.6 per 100,000 person-years. The rate of PIDs from 2001 through 2006 (10.3 per 100,000 person-years) was nearly 5 times higher than that from 1976 through 1980 (2.4 per 100,000 person-years). The associations between continuous variable(s) and categorical outcome(s) were assessed by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Longer delay in diagnosis was significantly associated with recurrent sinusitis (P<.001), recurrent pneumonia (P=.03), and subsequent treatment with immunoglobulins (P<.001). On the basis of Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, the proportion of patients surviving at 10 years after diagnosis was 93.5% (95% confidence interval, 85.9%-97.1%). However, older age at diagnosis was significantly associated with mortality (P=.01). CONCLUSION: This is one of the first population-based studies to examine the temporal trends of PIDs. The incidence of PIDs increased markedly between 1976 and 2006. In this cohort, a delay in diagnosis was common and was associated with increased morbidity. Despite substantial morbidity, most patients with PIDs can expect a normal life span.
Differential Labeling of Mental Illness by Social Status: A New Look at an Old Problem

Whether the higher rates of mental hospitalization and involuntary treatment for marginal social groups are due to differential labeling or simply to the occurrence of higher rates of disorder in these groups remains unresolved. I reexamine this issue with data from the National Comorbidity Survey (N = 5,877) that allow comparisons between disturbed individuals living in the community untreated and disturbed persons who have been hospitalized or seen a professional for their mental health problems under pressure or voluntarily. Contrary to labeling theory, members of lower status groups are not consistently overrepresented among those who have been hospitalized or seen a professional against their will. Consistent with self-labeling theory, persons with greater education and those not in poverty are disproportionately present among individuals who sought treatment by choice. Additional analyses show that factors that predict service utilization are important determinants of mental health service use but do not account systematically for status disparities in hospital or outpatient treatment, especially disparities by poverty status. Although I do not confirm a central tenet of labeling theory here, the negative consequences of labeling and stigma continue to be well-supported in the literature.
Autism and tuberous sclerosis.

Although many reviews (Golden, 1987; Gilberg, 1988) have cited an association of tuberous sclerosis with autism and 2 of 24 subjects with infantile autism according to "Rutter 's criteria" have been reported in a table (Riikonen & Amnell, 1981), only one case has been reported in detail (Lotter, 1974). The diagnosis of autism in these cases, and concomitantly the association of tuberous sclerosis and autism, has been disputed (Greenstein & Cassidy, 1986). Although case vignettes based on interviews with families have been reported (Hunt & Dennis, 1987), no case has been reported in sufficient detail to determine a DSM-III or DSM-III-R diagnosis. A 33month-old girl recently presented to an infant diagnostic center with tuberous sclerosis and autism diagnosed by both DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1980, 1987). D. had normal development until she was 7 months old, when she developed generalized seizures. An EEG at 9 months revealed frequently occurring single high-amplitude spikes and polyspikes which had a bilateral hemispher ic d is t r ibut ion wi thout c lear focal f ea tu res or associa ted myoclonic jerks. After initiation of phenobarbital, she was seizure-free for 4 months. A C T at 9 months revealed calcification present at the level of the Foramen of Monro bilaterally, as well as along the lateral wall of the posterior aspect of the body of the right lateral ventricle, with two smaller lesions in the roof of the left lateral ventricle. The physical examination was remarkable for hypopigmented macules. Renal ultrasound revealed small areas of increased echogenicity consistent with hamartomas. Because of a persistent increase in seizures, clonazepam was added to phenobarbital at 17 months. Carbamazepine was added at 30 months, resulting in good seizure control . Ant iconvulsan t levels were mainta ined in the midtherapeutic range. Recurrent otitis media was also present. Complete blood
Corneal nerves in health and disease

Corneal nerves are responsible for the sensations of touch, pain, and temperature and play an important role in the blink reflex, wound healing, and tear production and secretion. Corneal nerve dysfunction is a frequent feature of diseases that cause opacities and result in corneal blindness. Corneal opacities rank as the second most frequent cause of blindness. Technological advances in in vivo corneal nerve imaging, such as optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning, have generated new knowledge regarding the phenomenological events that occur during reinnervation of the cornea following disease, injury, or surgery. The recent availability of transgenic neurofluorescent murine models has stimulated the search for molecular modulators of corneal nerve regeneration. New evidence suggests that neuroregenerative and inflammatory pathways in the cornea are intertwined. Evidence-based treatment of neurotrophic corneal diseases includes using neuroregenerative (blood component-based and neurotrophic factors), neuroprotective, and ensconcing (bandage contact lens and amniotic membrane) strategies and avoiding anti-inflammatory therapies, such as cyclosporine and corticosteroids.
Paleoclimatic research: Status and opportunities

This report considers the scientific opportunities and problems for paleoclimatic research for three time intervals, 0-1000 yr, 0-30,000 yr, and 0-1 my. Each of these intervals is appropriate to understanding different parts of the climate problem. The most recent interval is one for which there exists the possibility of determining year-by-year changes in certain parts of the climatic system over a time span which overlaps the instrumental record. The interval 0 to 30,000 yr is one for which the response of many parts of the climate system during a major change in climate can be examined, and for which laC dating provides good chronological control. The interval 0 to 1.000,000 yr is one for which there is reasonably good chronological control. a well-developed global record of changes in the ocean, and the opportunity of investigating glacial-interglacial changes in global climate which appear to have a cyclic or quasi-cyclic component.
The structure and appearance of winds from supercritical accretion disks. II - Dynamical theory of supercritical winds

A general analytic theory is presented of winds driven by super-Eddington luminosities. The relevant parameters are the mass of the central object, the radius at which the luminosity and matter are injected, the ratio of the free-fall time to the heating time at this radius, and the total luminosity injected at the radius. Several different regimes of dynamical wind structure are identified, and the analytic expressions are shown to agree with the numerical results in Meier (1979) in the appropriate case. It is noted that, in its general form, the theory is the optically thick (to electron scattering) counterpart to optically thin radiation pressure-driven stellar winds.
Homoisocitric dehydrogenase from yeast.

Abstract Homoisocitric dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the reversible transformation of homoisocitrate (1-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid) to α-ketoadipate, has been purified approximately 500-fold from extracts of baker's yeast by protamine sulfate treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat and pH 4 precipitation of contaminants, and chromatography on a column of hydroxylapatite mixed with cellulose. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 48,000 as determined by gel filtration chromatography. Oxaloglutarate (1-oxo-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid) was synthesized. The purified enzyme did not stimulate the rate of decarboxylation of oxaloglutarate but did catalyze the keto-enol tautomerization of tritiated α-ketoadipate. Michaelis constants were evaluated at pH 7.0 and were −5 m for homoisocitrate; 1.5 × 10 −3 m for α-ketoadipate; 3.3 × 10 −4 m for DPN + ; and 6.5 × 10 −5 m for DPNH. Purified homoisocitric dehydrogenase did not catalyze the oxidation of ethanol, isocitrate, malate, or glutamate in the presence of the appropriate cofactors.
Temperature-dependent multilayer relaxation of clean and hydrogen-dosed Nb(100)

Low-energy-electron-diffraction intensity measurements and multiple scattering analysis are used to determine the multilayer surface relaxation of clean and hydrogen-dosed Nb(100) as a function of temperature. Accurate characterization of residual surface impurity concentration (oxygen) based on Auger electron spectroscopy is used to obtain a meaningful extrapolation of the first-layer relaxation to the clean surface value: ${d}_{12}=1.481\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}.05\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ corresponding to ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{12}=\ensuremath{-}10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3%$, a 10% relaxation relative to the bulk value ${d}_{0}=1.645\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$. This experimental result for ${d}_{12}$ can be used to judge the accuracy of recent ab initio calculations for Nb(100). Temperature-dependent changes in surface relaxation resulting from hydrogen dosing of Nb(100) manifest an expansion of the near-surface lattice resulting from subsurface hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen-induced expansion of near-surface interplanar separation is determined to be $3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%$ at $T=125\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, $4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%$ at $T=300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and $\ensuremath{-}1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%$ at $T=400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The measured hydrogen-induced surface lattice expansion is consistent with the bulk lattice constant change $(\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\sim}4.5%)$ that occurs when Nb is hydrated to form $\ensuremath{\beta}\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{H}$. The observed relaxation of the hydrogen-dosed near-surface interplanar separation to the clean surface value for $Tg400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is consistent with the subsurface ``hydrogen valve'' model that has been used to account for unusual hydrogen uptake kinetics associated with Nb(100).
Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy of DNA-binding proteins: structure and function of a transcription factor.

Abstract The solution structure of a type II DNA-binding protein (DBPII), transcription factor 1 (TF1), has been determined using NMR spectroscopy. A multidimensional, heteronuclear strategy was employed to overcome assignment ambiguities due to resonance overlap and broadened crosspeaks. This approach involved the use of selectively deuteriated, 13 C- and 15 N-labeled samples and ‘isotopic heterodimers’ to distinguish between intra- and intermonomeric NOEs. A comparison with the crystal structure and NMR analysis of the E. coli HU protein suggests that other homologous proteins in this family will possess similar tertiary structures. This NMR strategy is applicable to the study of other proteins and their biomolecular complexes.
The Potential Health Effects of Citizens United

Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court reached one of its most controversial decisions in years, in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. Lainie Rutkow and colleagues write that, with this decision, the Court has effectively opened the financial floodgates to give corporations unprecedented influence over the election of the people who determine health policy.
Observation on the traditional phytotherapy among the Malayali tribes in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, South India.

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Traditional medicine remained as the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment for many ailments. The Malayali tribes living in the Kolli hills region of Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu has long history of ethnomedicinal knowledge has been remained unexplored hither to. Hence, this study was initiated with an aim to record the ethnomedicinal plants of Malayali tribes and to document and analyse the local knowledge on phytotherapy before environmental and cultural changes deplete the resources. Methods In order to document the phytotherapical knowledge, a field study was carried out between August 2012 and February 2014. The ethnomedicinal knowledge was recorded through interviews among the Malayali tribes, and traditional healers. In addition a semi structure questionnaire was used to collect information on the local name of the plant, plant part used for curing, method of preparation in phytoremedies and any other plants/agents used as ingredients. Factor of informant consensus ( F ic ), use value (UV), fidelity level (FL), relative importance (RI) and novelty index were employed in data analysis. Results Current research work reports total of 86 medicinal plant species belonging to 76 genera of 46 different families. Herbs constituted the largest growth habit (48 species, 56%) followed by trees (13 species, 15%) and shrubs (9 species, 11%) etc. Leaf 43 (46%) is the plant part widely used followed by whole plant 9 (10%), seeds and fruits 9 (10%) and root 7 (8%). Paste was the most common preparation method use in herbal recipes. These plants were used to treat various human diseases and ailments grouped under 19 disease categories with the highest number of species (31) being used for dermatological infections/diseases followed by gastro-intestinal ailments (28) and general health (15). Asystasia chelonoides (UV of 2.76) and Piper nigrum (UV of 2.12) are the most frequently and popularly used medicinal plant species in the study area. Conclusion The result of the study revealed that there was high diversity of medicinal plants and traditional knowledge about the use, preparation, and application of which is still maintained in the study area. However, the knowledge of herbal medicine was held by elders. The decline in the use of plants by the younger generation may gradually lead to the fading away of indigenous knowledge associated with the plants.
Binding of bromine-substituted analogs of methylphenidate to monoamine transporters

We synthesized the o-, m- and p-bromo derivatives of dl-threo-methylphenidate from the corresponding bromophenylacetonitriles by modification of the literature synthesis of methylphenidate (Panizzon, Helv. Chim. Acta 1944, 27, 1748). In in vitro binding assays all three dl-threo bromo compounds had higher affinities than methylphenidate for dopamine transporter sites labeled with [3H]2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([3H]WIN 35,428; IC50 = 13, 4, 20 and 82 nM for o-, m-, and p-bromo compounds, and unsubstituted methylphenidate, respectively). They also bound more strongly than methylphenidate to norepinephrine reuptake sites labeled with [3H]nisoxetine (IC50 = 32, 20, 31 and 440 nM, respectively), but were weak ligands (IC50 > or = 1 microM) at the serotonin transporter labeled with [3H]paroxetine. In addition, the bromine substituted derivatives demonstrated similar activity to methylphenidate in vivo in rodents in terms of inhibition of heart uptake of [3H](-)-norepinephrine, elevation of striatal extracellular dopamine, and stimulation of locomotor activity.
Triple arthrodesis stabilization: A quantitative analysis of screw versus staple fixation in fresh cadaveric matched-pair specimens

Qualitative analyses of midfoot stabilization in triple arthrodeses utilizing bone staple versus 4.5-mm cannulated cancellous screw fixation, with and without washers, were performed in fresh cadaveric specimens. Twenty-two trials (11 matched-pair feet) were used for direct comparison. Stiffness, defined as force/displacement, was determined at each talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint. Ultimate load failure points of each specimen were also calculated. Trial results showed no statistically significant difference in stiffness or ultimate failure between these two forms of midfoot fixation for triple arthrodeses.
Low-sulfur hair syndrome associated with UVB photosensitivity and testicular failure

A 16-year-old male patient had a syndrome that included growth retardation, mental retardation, hair shaft abnormalities, neurosensory hearing loss, contractures of the fifth fingers, ultraviolet B (UVB) photosensitivity, small testicular size, and elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone. Reduced hair sulfur content and a characteristic pattern of light and dark birefringent bands, seen when hairs were viewed with polarization microscopy, were typical of the low-sulfur hair syndrome. UVB photosensitivity and testicular failure have not previously been identified as components of this syndrome.
Heat transfer to non-Newtonian flows over a cylinder in cross flow

Over a range of 102<Re*<5800,6.5<Pr*<79, and 0.6<n<1, circumferential wall temperatures for water and aqueous polymer (purely viscous) solution flows over a smooth cylinder were measured experimentally. The cylinder was heated by passing direct electric current through it. Aqueous solutions of Carbopol 934 and EZ1 were used as power-law non-Newtonian fluids. The peripherally averaged heat transfer coefficient for purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids, at any fixed flow rate, decreases with increasing polymer concentration. A new correlation is proposed for predicting the peripherally averaged Nusselt number for power-law fluid flows over a heated cylinder in cross flow.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces growth inhibition of a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line despite an increase in steady state c-myc messenger ribonucleic acid levels

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an endocrine tumor of the thyroid C-cells which provides an important experimental model for studies of tumor differentiation and progression. We investigated the effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on the growth and functional characteristics of a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TT). Because the c-myc protooncogene may play an important role in the growth inhibition induced by TGF beta 1, we also assessed steady state c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in these cells. A 6-day exposure of TT cells to TGF beta 1 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, TGF beta 1 exposure led to a 3-fold increase in nonadherent floating TT cells in the culture supernatants. The floating cells exhibited ultrastructural features of dying or apoptotic cells, including chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic and nuclear vesicularization, and DNA degradation with evidence of internucleosomal DNA "laddering." Despite inhibition of ...
Material metrics for laser cooling of solids

The material metrics for optimal laser cooling of ion-doped solids are derived using atomic and molecular dynamics properties of the constituents. The anti-Stokes process is modeled as an optical phonon coupling of the bound electron, followed by a photon absorption. The transition dipole moment is estimated using a simplified charge-displacement model and the Judd--Ofelt theory of rare-earth ions both suggesting that transitions with high-energy gaps and similar angular momentum states should be used. The electron-phonon coupling is interpreted as a derivative of electronic energy with respect to displacement of the nearest neighboring ligands whose stretching mode frequency is approximated using the molecular data. The Debye-Gaussian model is used for the phonon density of states of diatomic crystal. Then, the Fermi golden rule is used for photon-induced, phonon-assisted electronic transition probability and applied to the cooling rate equation by defining a phonon-assisted transition dipole moment. Based on the material metrics, an example blend is investigated for its cooling performance and a general guide is proposed for selection of better performing laser cooling hosts. Furthermore, the cooling rate limits are discussed and three distinct characteristic times are identified with the photon-induced, phonon-assisted transition time controlling the rate. The metrics guide the selection of host materials for optimal cooling, and predict a noticeable increase in the absorption rate when using a blend of cation atoms.
Will IR Staff Stick? An Exploration of Institutional Researchers’ Intention to Remain in or Leave Their Jobs

The study explored the factors that relate to the likelihood of institutional researchers (IRs) to plan to leave their jobs. Learning more about the effects on IR job turnover can serve to improve the employment experience of IR practitioners, the profession of IR, and, indirectly, higher education. 1,264 IRs responded to a national survey comprised of antecedents of intention to quit one’s job that had a high degree of construct validity within job turnover theories. Data were tested against a theoretical model developed from the Industrial-Organizational Psychology and IR literature. Perceived organizational support was the strongest predictor of intent to quit. Burnout, lack of advancement opportunities, lack of rewards and recognition, job embeddedness, and available job alternatives also affect IRs intention to quit. Suggestions for supporting IRs and elevating the role of IR on campuses are included.
Adsorption, desorption and thermal oxidation of 2-CEES on nanocrystalline zeolites

In this study, FTIR spectroscopy and flow reactor measurements are used to investigate the adsorption, desorption and thermal oxidation of the mustard gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES), on nanocrystalline zeolites. Adsorption, desorption and thermal oxidation of 2-CEES on nanocrystalline NaZSM-5 are compared to that on nanocrystalline silicalite-1, the purely siliceous form of ZSM-5. It is shown here that NaZSM-5 is more reactive toward 2-CEES compared to silicalite. Furthermore, it is shown that the total 2-CEES adsorption capacity increases as the nanocrystalline particle size decreases suggesting that adsorption occurs on the external surface as well as in the internal pores of zeolite. Both zeolites effectively adsorb 2-CEES, suggesting that 2-CEES adsorption and subsequent thermal oxidation may be a viable method for the decontamination of mustard gas.
The contact urticaria syndrome—an updated review

The term "the contact urticaria syndrome," proposed in 1975, has been generally accepted and led to proliferation of new examples. This paper summarizes this clinical material and presents a diagnostic and pathogenetic evaluation method. The risks (and minimization, thereof) of systemic skin test—induced reactions are delineated.
Self-repairing joints employing shape-memory alloy actuators

This article describes self-sensing and self-repairing bolted joints that employ piezoelectric and shape-memory alloy elements. The piezoelectric materials use electrical impedance analysis to assess the conditions of joints. When damage occurs, the shape-memory washers can automatically regain lost torque. The actuator is a cylindrical Nitinol washer that expands axially when heated. The stress generated by the axial strain compresses the joint members and creates a force, generating a preload and restoring lost torque. Due to the complexity of constitutive modeling, a qualitative analysis by the impedance method is used to illustrate the success of this experiment.
Determinants of private investment in developing countries

This paper examines a modified version of the flexible accelerator theory of investment with particular reference to developing countries. The empirical results for five countries tend to confirm that government investment, the change in bank credit to the private sector and capital inflow to the private sector play important roles in determining private investment. The contributory effect and the crowding‐out effect of government investment are assessed within the context of a recursive model.
Narratives and Cancer Communication

Narratives can be an effective means of communicating cancer-related information. Transportation into narrative worlds, or immersion into a story, is a primary mechanism of narrative persuasion (Green & Brock, 2000, 2002). Transportation theory extends the domain of traditional message effects theories, as well as providing mechanisms for behavior change. Transporting narratives can both change beliefs and motivate action, and may be particularly useful for conveying cancer information because they reduce counterarguments (and thus help individuals overcome barriers to treatment seeking); facilitate the mental simulation of unknown, difficult, or frightening procedures (e.g., screening); provide role models for behavior change; and create strong attitudes that are based on both cognition and emotion.
Chronic intermittent ethanol inhalation increases ethanol self-administration in both C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice

Inbred mouse strains provide significant opportunities to understand the genetic mechanisms controlling ethanol-directed behaviors and neurobiology. They have been specifically employed to understand cellular mechanisms contributing to ethanol consumption, acute intoxication, and sensitivities to chronic effects. However, limited ethanol consumption by some strains has restricted our understanding of clinically relevant endpoints such as dependence-related ethanol intake. Previous work with a novel tastant-substitution procedure using monosodium glutamate (MSG or umami flavor) has shown that the procedure greatly enhances ethanol consumption by mouse strains that express limited drinking phenotypes using other methods. In the current study, we employ this MSG-substitution procedure to examine how ethanol dependence, induced with passive vapor inhalation, modifies ethanol drinking in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. These strains represent ‘high’ and ‘low’ drinking phenotypes, respectively. We found that the MSG substitution greatly facilitates ethanol drinking in both strains, and likewise, ethanol dependence increased ethanol consumption regardless of strain. However, DBA/2J mice exhibited greater sensitivity dependence-enhanced drinking, as represented by consumption behaviors directed at lower ethanol concentrations and relative to baseline intake levels. DBA/2J mice also exhibited significant withdrawal-associated anxiety-like behavior while C57BL/6J mice did not. These findings suggest that the MSG-substitution procedure can be employed to examine dependence-enhanced ethanol consumption across a range of drinking phenotypes, and that C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice may represent unique neurobehavioral pathways for developing dependence-enhanced ethanol consumption.
Ingestive Behavior of Lambs Confined in Individual and Group Stalls

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of 17.85.2 kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively
A slowly penetrating interfascicular nerve electrode for selective activation of peripheral nerves

To meet the future needs of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applications, peripheral nerve electrodes must be able to safely, selectively, and independently stimulate small subpopulations of the axons within a common nerve trunk. A new electrode has been designed to place contacts outside of the perineurium, but within the epineurium of the nerve. This slowly penetrating interfascicular nerve electrode (SPINE) combines the safety and simplicity of extraneural cuff electrodes with the intimate interface of intrafascicular wire and probe electrodes. The authors briefly discuss a mathematical method of quantifing performance of nerve electrodes based on the functional output of the intact neuromuscular system. The quantification involves three variables: (1) the functional recruitment trajectory (FRT), (2) functional overlap (O), and (3) overall functional selectivity (/spl Lambda/). Second, the authors present results from six acute SPINE implants on the feline sciatic nerve. Quantification of stimulation results demonstrate interfascicular stimulation is functionally different than extraneural stimulation in 32 of 38 trials. In 19 of 28 trials, interfascicular stimulation is functionally selective based on depth of penetration and 52 of 58 trials demonstrate selectivity based on the side of the penetrating element. Third, tissue sections show that the SPINE electrode penetrates into the nerve within 24 h without evidence of edema or damage to the perineurium.