cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Antiricin Single Domain Antibodies Toward Detection and Therapeutic Reagents

Single domain antibodies (sdAb) that bind ricin with high affinity and specificity were selected from a phage display library derived from the mRNA of heavy chain antibodies obtained from lymphocytes of immunized llamas. The sdAb were found to recognize three distinct epitopes on ricin. Representative sdAb were demonstrated to function as both capture and tracer elements in fluid array immunoassays, a limit of detection of 1.6 ng/mL was obtained. One sdAb pair in particular was found to be highly specific for ricin. While polyclonal antibodies cross react strongly with RCA120, the sdAb pair had minimal cross reactivity. In addition, the binders were found to be thermal stable, regaining their ricin binding activity following heating to 85 °C for an hour. Cycles of thermally induced unfolding of the sdAb and their subsequent refolding upon cooling was monitored by circular dichroism. As several of the sdAb were observed to bind to ricin’s A chain, cell free translation assays were performed to monitor the ...
Recirculating flow accelerates DNA microarray hybridization in a microfluidic device

A recirculating microfluidic device fabricated by laminating Mylar and glass was developed for the analysis of hybridization of oligonucleotides to DNA microarrays. The device is part of a system that provides controlled hybridization to DNA probes immobilized in a microarray of polyacrylamide gel pads using recirculation and temperature control. The system was used to obtain real-time kinetics of DNA hybridization and more accurate melting profiles of target-probe duplexes than possible using a static hybridization format. Recirculation shortened the time of perfect match target-probe hybridization from 6 hours to 2 hours and shifted the Td by 1.54 degrees C, relative to static conditions. The experimental results were consistent with a three-dimensional simulation of hybridization using a recirculating buffer system.
The development of in situ electrochemical oil-condition sensors

Abstract The useful life of an engine oil may vary considerably; therefore, an on-board sensor would be helpful in monitoring the oil's condition continuously. In this work, in situ macro and micro oil-condition sensors have been developed and tested in two sets of engine-oil samples. It is found that after suppressing the high output current associated with fresh engine oil, the microsensor's output correlates with the total acid number (TAN) of engine oil. Because an oil's TAN will increase with use, this microsensor has the potential to detect the end of useful oil life and signal the need for an oil change.
Dynamic consolidation of cubic boron nitride and its admixtures

Cubic boron nitride (C–BN)' powders admixed with graphite-structured boron nitride powder (g-DN), silicon carbide whisker (SCW), or silicon nitride whisker (SNW) were shock compacted to pressures up to 22 GPa. Unlike previous work with diamond and graphite [D. K. Potter and T. J. Ahrens, J. Appl. Phys. 63, 910 (1987) it was found that the addition of g-BN inhibited dynamic consolidation. Good consolidation was achieved with a 4–8 μm particle size C–BN powder admixed with 15 wt.% SNW or 20 wt.% SCW whereas a 37–44 μm particle size C–BN mixture was only poorly consolidated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrates that SCW and SNW in the mixtures were highly deformed and indicated melt textures. A skin heating model was used to describe the physics of consolidation. Model calculations are consistent with SEM analysis images that indicate plastic deformation of SCW and SNW. Micro-Vickers hardness values as high as 50 GPa were obtained for consolidated C–BN and SNW mixtures. This compares to 21 GPa for single-crystal Al_2O_3 and 120 GPa for diamond.
Therapeutic Potential of microRNAs in Heart Failure

There is an ongoing explosion of information about microRNAs (miRs) in cardiac disease. These small noncoding RNAs regulate protein expression by destabilization and translational inhibition of target mRNAs. Similar to mRNAs, miRs are regulated in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, but miR expression profiles appear to be more sensitive than mRNA signatures to changes in clinical status, suggesting that miR levels in myocardium or plasma could enhance clinical diagnostics. Single miRs can target dozens or hundreds of different mRNAs, complicating attempts to determine their individual physiologic effects. However, manipulating individual miRs by overexpression or gene ablation in experimental models has begun to unravel this conundrum: Single miRs tend to regulate numerous effectors within the same functional pathway, producing a coherent physiologic response via multiple parallel perturbations. miRs are attractive nodal therapeutic targets, and stable miR mimetics (agomiRs) and antagonists (antagomiRs) are being evaluated to prevent or reverse heart failure.
Self-Enhancement as a Motivation for Sharing Online Advertising

ABSTRACTMarketers have long understood that consumers’ self-concepts influence the products they purchase; conversely, products purchased influence people’s self-concepts. Might the same self-enhancement framework apply in to shared online advertisements? Using the symbolic interactionist perspective of identity theory, this study empirically tests the proposition that online consumers use electronic word of mouth, and specifically the sharing of online advertising, to construct and express their self-concepts. The results suggest that self-brand congruity, entertainment value, and product category involvement increase the self-expressiveness of online ads, which then increase the likelihood of sharing those ads. These findings have both theoretical and managerial implications.
Environmental problem solving in coastal ecosystems: A paradigm shift to sustainability

Abstract The human ecological footprint now extends to the entire globe, and human impacts are the dominant feature of many ecosystems, resulting in our current era being coined the ‘anthropocene’. This is particularly apparent in coastal ecosystems as human populations are increasing rapidly in coastal cities and the ecosystem services in these areas are rapidly being compromised. Science has historically progressed as a series of paradigm shifts and this paper reviews this history of paradigm shifts and makes the case that the next major paradigm shift will be directed at sustainability, resulting in a shift in scientific focus on solving rather than just studying our current environmental problems. Traditionally, science has been extremely effective at data acquisition and then successively less effective at translating this into information, knowledge and finally environmental problem solving. The currently required paradigm shift is to focus on environmental problem solving, filling gaps in knowledge, information and data only as required to solve a particular problem. A key element in turning this process around is better science communication between scientists, key stakeholders and the community. This will require more ‘science communicators’ who can use credibility, tenacity, creativity and virtue to effect solutions.
The role of folylpolyglutamate synthetase and γ-glutamyl hydrolase in altering cellular folyl- and antifolylpolyglutamates

The metabolic products of methotrexate differ in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells; the primary products are 7-hydroxymethotrexate in hepatocytes and the polyglutamate derivatives in hepatoma cells. The rate of glutamylation is approximately 5-fold greater in hepatoma cells than hepatocytes under comparable conditions and the polyglutamate products in the hepatoma cells consist of longer chain length tri- and tetraglutamate derivatives, whereas the hepatocytes favor the diglutamate derivative. Extracts of cultured hepatocytes have approximately half the folylpolyglutamate synthetase and three times as much gamma-glutamyl hydrolase as the hepatoma cells. A further difference is that methionine inhibits glutamylation in hepatocytes whereas it can cause a marked stimulation (five- to seven-fold) in hepatoma cells. The rate of glutamylation of methotrexate in intact hepatoma cells is strongly dependent on the culture conditions and can be enhanced as much as five-fold in dividing cultures or by removing folates from the cells. These changes may be in part caused by the fact that the folylpolyglutamate synthetase is nearly doubled in both growing cultures and in folate lacking cells. The treatment of human liver in vivo or rodent hepatic cells in vivo and in vitro with methotrexate causes a reduction in the folate pools. Data presented in these studies show that the activity of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in cells can be enhanced by prior exposure to methotrexate. Thus, methotrexate could cause a loss in cellular folylpolyglutamates by enhancing their rate of cleavage to folylmonoglutamates.
Bidirectional heart rate responses in rats associated with excitatory and inhibitory stimuli

Following classical conditioning to a shock-reinforced tone CS (T1+), heart rate (HR) of three groups of rats was examined in response to a new reinforced tone (T2+) and a nonreinforced light (L−) CS given during conditioned inhibition (T2+ vs. T1L−), discrimination conditioning (T2+ vs. L−), or explicitly unpaired (T2/L− vs. US alone) procedures. Decelerative HR reactions occurred to the reinforced T2+ and T2+ CSs. To the respective nonreinforced CSs, the conditioned inhibition group displayed diminished but sizable HR deceleration, the discrimination group showed near-zero responding, and the explicitly upaired group showed HR acceleration. Subsequent reversal conditioning to L was retarded in the conditioned inhibition and explicitly unpaired groups relative to the discrimination group. Group differences on combined-cue [T2/L−) trials were not found. Both the HR responses during inhibitory training and the reversal-conditioning impairments suggest that inhibition may have been established to L− in the conditioned inhibition and explicitly unpaired groups.
Optimality criterion techniques applied to frames having general cross-sectional relationships

An optimality criterion-based method developed in this research is capable of locating the optimal design of WF steel frames with members having general cross-sectional relationships among the area, moment of inertia, and section modulus. The method uses the idea of one most critical constraint to avoid the calculation of large sets of Lagrange multipliers, and also avoids the scaling procedure normally used in other optimality criterion techniques. Several example structures, designed under stress, displacement, and minimum area constraints, demonstrate the efficiency, reliability, and simplicity of the method. Although the method of this research uses the idea of one most critical constraint, the optimal designs presented in this paper have several active constraints.
The potency of D-1 and D-2 receptor antagonists is inversely related to the reward value of sham-fed corn oil and sucrose in rats

Intraperitoneal injection of 50 micrograms.kg-1 of the selective dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, significantly decreased sham feeding of 6% and 10% sucrose solutions, but not sham feeding of 100% corn oil. Intraperitoneal injection of raclopride, a D-2 antagonist, elicited a significant dose-dependent (200-400 micrograms.kg-1) decrease in sham intake of both sucrose concentrations and corn oil at doses that did not increase the latency to sham feed or produce overt motor impairment. The rank order of inhibitory potency for both SCH 23390 and raclopride was 6% sucrose greater than 10% sucrose greater than 100% corn oil. In a second experiment, we found that in 2-bottle preference tests, the rank order of preference for these three liquids was 100% corn oil greater than 10% sucrose greater than 6% sucrose. Assuming that preference measured the relative reward value of the liquids, the potencies of the two antagonists were inversely related to the reward value of the liquid that was sham fed. This result supports but does not prove the dopamine hypothesis of the positive reinforcing effect of orosensory stimulation by nutrients. In addition, the differential selectivity of the two antagonists for different classes of nutrients suggests that normal sensory and/or hedonic processing of sham-fed sucrose depends on stimulation of both D-1 and D-2 receptors, but the normal sensory and/or hedonic processing of sham-fed corn oil depends primarily, perhaps exclusively, on stimulation of D-2 receptors.
Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients

BACKGROUNDThe carcinoid syndrome is a rare cause of acquired valvular heart disease. Although the typical echocardiographic features of carcinoid heart disease are well recognized, this large series provides new information about unusual manifestations of the disease as well as the role of Doppler echocardiography.METHODS AND RESULTSBetween 1980 and 1989, 132 patients with carcinoid syndrome underwent echocardiographic study. The echocardiographic, Doppler, and clinical features of the 74 patients (56%) with echocardiographic evidence of carcinoid heart disease are described. Among these patients, 97% had shortened, thickened tricuspid leaflets. Tricuspid regurgitation was present in all 69 patients with carcinoid heart disease who underwent Doppler examination, and it was of moderate or severe degree in 62 patients (90%). Severe tricuspid regurgitation was characterized by a dagger-shaped Doppler spectral profile with an early peak pressure and rapid decline. The pressure half-time was prolonged (mean, 1...
Adenovirus-mediated expression of glucokinase in the liver as an adjuvant treatment for type 1 diabetes.

Glucokinase (GK) plays a crucial role in hepatic glucose disposal. Its activity is decreased in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young and in some animal models of diabetes. We investigated the feasibility of manipulating GK expression as an adjuvant treatment for type 1 diabetes, using an E1/E3-deleted adenoviral vector (Ad.EF1αGK) delivered to the liver of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. First, we studied the metabolic impact of constitutive glucokinase expression in the absence of insulin. Normal blood glucose levels were observed after gene transfer, and glucose tolerance was substantially enhanced compared with diabetic control animals, suggesting that hepatic GK expression is a feasible mechanism to enhance glucose disposal. In a second study we administered Ad.EF1αGK together with subcutaneous insulin injections to determine whether the combined action of insulin plus GK activity would provide better glucose homeostasis than insulin treatment alone. This combination approac...
The issue of quality in professional documentation: How can academia make more of a difference?

This article recommends strategies academics can use to contribute to an issue of great interest in industry: how best to define, measure, and achieve quality documentation. These strategies include contextualizing quality definitions, advocating the use of multiple quality measures, conducting research to identify specific heuristics for defining and measuring quality in particular workplace contexts, and partnering with industry to educate upper management about those heuristics and the benefits of promoting technical communicators to the strategic role of organizational “gatekeepers of quality.”
Magnetohydrodynamic circulation of a liquid of finite conductivity in an annulus

Unsteady circulation of an incompressible fluid of finite conductivity between two infinite concentric cylinders under the influence of a radial magnetic field is considered). Three cases are treated: (1) an external axial electric field is imposed, while the walls remain stationary; (2) and (3) no external electric field is imposed, but the walls either rotate at constant angular velocities, or oscillate sinusoidally. It is shown that none of the variables are dependent upon axial or angular position, and that the radial magnetic field component is independent of the fluid motion. These fortunate circumstances result in a coupled linear system of equations for the fluid velocity and the tangential magnetic field component. They are uncoupled by assuming the induced electric field to be space — independent at every instant. This is exact for steady flows. Zero and first-order approximate solutions may then be obtained either by neglecting the induced electric field, or by satisfying conservation of charge requirements. It is shown that neglect of the induced electric field is permissible only at small Hartmann numbers. An interesting feature of the solution is that the orthogonal expansion is in terms of Bessel functions whose order depends upon the Hartmann number, and hence may be arbitrarily large. Finally, it is thought that the first flow may find application in a novel viscometer for monitoring physical property variations in remote, hazardous, or highly reactive fluid systems. Some numerical examples are presented in support of the feasibility of such a device.
When written words become moving pictures: Complex visual hallucinations on stimulation of the lateral occipital lobe

Electrical stimulation of the human epileptic brain is used mainly for identification of eloquent cortical regions such as motor and speech areas. Other stimulation responses include the patient's epileptic auras and seizures. In addition, experiential phenomena may be elicited. Here we describe the reproducible initiation of a structured complex visual hallucination on stimulation of the left lateral occipital cortex (superior part of Brodmann area 19, close to the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe). Our findings illustrate that stimulation of the left temporo-parieto-occipital junction may activate networks of visual perception (color, pattern, movement, rotation, shape, and memory) independent of the cortical hierarchy from elementary to complex information.
Alterations in nociceptirve threshold and morphine-induced analgesia produced by intrathecally administered amine antagonists

Abstract Intrathecal administration of either methysergide or phentolamine produced hyperalgesia. This suggests that tonically active serotonergic and noradrenergic neuronal systems modulate sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli at the level of the spinal cord. Methysergide did not attenuate the analgesia induced by either 2.0 or 7.5 mg/kg morphine (s.c.), while phentolamine attenuated the analgesia induced by 2.0, but not 7.5 mg/kg morphine. These findings suggest that bulbospinal serotonergic neurons are not integral components of the neuronal circuitry which mediates opiate-induced analgesia. Noradrenergic neurons, however, appear to mediate a portion of such analgesia.
TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH INTACT VESSELS.

Flowmeters which operate by coupling a field through a blood vessel and measuring resultant externally-available velocity-dependent variables are particularly attractive, since they are applicable in chronic animal preparations, in humans where a vessel is exposed at surgery, and conceivably through the unopened skin for measurement of flow through superficial vessels. Two types of flowmeter which operate in this way are the electro-magnetic induction flowmeter and the ultrasonic flowmeter. This paper will discuss the theoretical and practical applications and limitations of these, emphasizing the ultrasonic flow-measuring techniques, since excellent reviews and critical appraisals of electro-magnetic flowmeters are readily available in the literature.
Sintering of α-Al2O3/quartz, and α-Al2O3/cristobalite related to mullite formation

Abstract Cristobalite and quartz react differently in mixtures with α-Al2O3 at 1415°C. With cristobalite, an eutectic liquid forms in accordance with the metastable phase equilibrium diagram for α-Al2O3-SiO2 (cristobalite) in the absence of mullite. With quartz, a liquid first forms on the surfaces of quartz because of the occurence of an intermediate liquid phase on transformation of quartz to cristobalite. These liquids act as precursors to the formation of mullite by reacting with α-Al2O3. Mullite was detected earlier in the cristobalite-containing mixtures under similar firing conditions because the growth of mullite becomes significant with the formation of the eutectic liquid at the α-Al2O3-cristobalite interface since it is already saturated with Al2O3. The kinetics of sintering are affected by the rates of the step reactions.
Education Strategies for Stroke Prevention

Stroke is a major public health burden in the United States, with indications that stroke is emerging as a global epidemic. Furthermore, there exists an appreciation that focus on clinical treatment alone will not significantly reduce the burden of stroke, including morbidity and mortality. Emphasis needs to shift to acknowledging the importance of behavioral change science. The focus of this monograph is to provide insight into considerations for the development of theory-based interventions for reduction of stroke through behavioral change. The Science of Behavioral Change is a complex endeavor, and addressing the lifestyle changes during the life course needed to reduce the burden of stroke remains a significant challenge. Areas of exploration include an understanding of the acquisition of vascular risk behaviors; identifying and testing mechanisms for changing existing behaviors; identifying strategies that optimally support the maintenance of health behaviors; and choosing the appropriate level for behavioral change (ie, individual change versus population level or structural change). Part of understanding behaviors includes making predictions about why people behave the way they do. Behavioral theory used in the design of interventions allows us to assess an individual’s readiness to take action toward healthier behaviors. An accompanying theoretical platform, such as the transtheoretical model, provides the framework for the type of strategy or process needed to guide individual or system interventions through the stages of change, including action and maintenance. An important epidemiological feature of cerebrovascular disease concerns the sharp gradients in morbidity and mortality by race-ethnicity. Indeed, some of the earliest educational materials for stroke prevention have been suboptimal because of the generic nature of information without reference to place or culture. For example, trust is a concern among many African American and Hispanic communities and low-income populations. Effective interventions in minority communities have established trust by building relationships with community …
Evaluation of Nile Blue E chalcogen analogs as PDT agents

The photodynamic therapeutic properties of the oxygen containing benzophenoxazine dye Nile Blue E, NBEO, and its sulfur and selenium analogs, NBES and NBESe, were evaluated in cell culture using a murine mammary sarcoma (EMT-6) cell line. The photosensitizing efficacies of the dyes were found to correlate with their ability to generate singlet oxygen and to increase in the order: NBEO© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Taste preference behavior in Long-Evans rats and Egyptian spiny mice

Taste preferences for representatives of the four taste qualities and the taste of MSG were assessed for Long-Evans rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Egyptian spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus). The rats preferred hedonic concentrations of all salty and sweet tastants, as well as the taste of MSG, and rejected sour and bitter tastants. The spiny mice preferred water to salty tastants, approached some concentrations of sweet tastants, and rejected all others—including those readily ingested by rats.
The treatment of asthma by inhalation of aerosol of aminophyllin

Abstract 1.1. forty adults suffering from bronchial asthma were treated by inhalations of an aerosol of aminophyllin produced by a new device—a combined steam generator and aerosolizer. 2.2. Thirty-two patients (80 per cent) were afforded some relief, ranging from slight temporary relief to marked and prolonged relief. 3.3. Five cases (12.5 per cent) of severe asthma responded to aminophyllin by inhalation, after failing to respond to aminophyllin intravenously. Some cases unresponsive to the aerosol did respond to the intravenous injection. Some cases responded to neither method. 4.4. Vital capacity studies of nine asthmatic patients, before and after the administration of aminophyllin aerosol, showed an average increase of 20.6 per cent. This compares favorably with a recorded improvement in vital capacity of 12 per cent, obtained by the intravenous administration of 5 c.c. (.125 Gm.) of aminophyllin. 5.5. The steam generated by the aerosolizer may, in some instances, on inhalation, afford some relief (five out of nine patients responded favorably), but this is slight when compared with the relief obtained with aminophyllin either by inhalation or by intravenous administration. 6.6. Utilizing the same apparatus, aerosol of penicillin was administered in conjunction with or following an aminophyllin inhalation treatment, where there was evidence of respiratory infection. 7.7. The aerosolizer used in this investigation is inexpensive, and the patient easily learns to use it for the self-administration of aminophyllin or penicillin.
Connecting Student-Faculty Interaction to Academic Dishonesty

This paper highlights the results of a study on the effects of student-faculty interaction on academic dishonesty; the results were used to develop an explanatory model showing how faculty’s classroom demeanor and attitude can impact the likelihood of cheating. Individual, confidential interviews pertaining to student-faculty interaction and academic dishonesty were conducted with 10 students and 11 faculty members at a large, ethnically diverse community college in California. An I-P-O (input, process, and outcome) model was used in which the students and faculty were the input, their interaction was the process, and the students’ likelihood to cheat was the outcome. The model demonstrated that positive student-faculty interaction has the potential to foster respect for the professor, thus motivating students to try harder, which could reduce the need or desire to commit academic dishonesty.
Solution structure of Ca2+‐free rat β‐parvalbumin (oncomodulin)

Relative to other parvalbumin isoforms, the mammalian β-parvalbumin (oncomodulin) displays attenuated divalent ion affinity. High-resolution structural data for the Ca2+-bound protein have provided little insight into the physical basis for this behavior, prompting an examination of the unliganded state. This article describes the solution structure and peptide backbone dynamics of Ca2+-free rat β-parvalbumin (β-PV). Ca2+ removal evidently provokes significant structural alterations. Interaction between the D helix and the AB domain in the Ca2+-bound protein is greatly diminished in the apo-form, permitting the D helix to straighten. There is also a significant reorganization of the hydrophobic core and a concomitant remodeling of the interface between the AB and CD-EF domains. These modifications perturb the orientation of the C and D helices, and the energetic penalty associated with their reversal could contribute to the low-affinity signature of the CD site. By contrast, Ca2+ removal causes a comparatively minor perturbation of the E and F helices, consistent with the more typical divalent ion affinity observed for the EF site. Ca2+-free rat β-PV retains structural rigidity on the picosecond–nanosecond timescale. At 20°C, the majority of amide vectors show no evidence for motion on timescales above 20 ps, and the average order parameter for the entire molecule is 0.92.
Parental style and adolescent influence in family consumption decisions: An integrative approach

Abstract This study takes an integrative approach to examining the effect of parental style on adolescent children's influence in family consumption decisions. The empirical results support that parental style affects both children's choice of influence strategy and their degree of influence indirectly through children's perceptions of parental power. Furthermore, both the influence strategy and the degree of influence affect children's resultant satisfaction with the decision. This suggests the lack of mediating variables in prior research may have led to the inconsistencies in the relationship between parental style and children's influence. Power relational theory appears to complement consumer socialization theory in explaining children's gains of consumer knowledge and skills from their parents.
Thermal responses of men and women during cold-water immersion: influence of exercise intensity.

The influence of exercise intensity on thermoregulation was studied in 8 men and 8 women volunteers during three levels of arm-leg exercise (level I: 700 ml oxygen (O2) · min−1; level II: 1250 ml O2 · min−1; level III: 1700 ml O2 · min−1 for 1 h in water at 20 and 28°C (Tw). For the men inTw 28°C the rectal temperature (Tre) fell 0.79°C (P<0.05) during immersion in both rest and level-I exercise. With level-II exercise a drop inTre of 0.54° C (P < 0.05) was noted, while at level-III exerciseTre did not change from the pre-immersion value. AtTw of 20°C,Tre fell throughout immersion with no significant difference in finalTre observed between rest and any exercise level. For the women at rest atTw 28°C,Tre fell 0.80°C (P<0.05) below the pre-immersion value. With the two more intense levels of exercise,Tre did not decrease during immersion. InTw 20°C, the women maintained higherTre (P<0.05) during level-II and level-III exercise compared to rest and exercise at level I. TheTre responses were related to changes in tissue insulation (It) between rest and exercise with the largest reductions inIt noted between rest and level-I exercise acrossTw and gender. For men and women of similar percentage body fat, decreases inTre were greater for the women at rest and level-I exercise inTw 20°C (P< 0.05). With more intense exercise, the women maintained a higherTre than the men, especially in the colder water. These findings indicate that exercise is not always effective in offsetting the decrease inIt and facilitated heat loss in cool or cold water compared to rest. The factors of exercise intensity,TW, body fat, and gender influence the thermoregulatory responses.
Cultural Perspectives Missing Pieces in the Functional Assessment Process

Essential and often missing pieces of the functional assessment process are cultural perspectives and an assessment of their impact on behavior. This article addresses these missing pieces by provi...
Copying operands versus copying results: A solution to the problem of large operands in FFP'S

In functional programming languages with reduction semantics, operators “use up” their operands to produce their results. This makes it difficult to execute efficiently certain computations, such as one in which several operators are applied—in succession or in parallel—to a large operand. The problem is that providing each operator with a separate copy of the large operand is a costly operation in most computer models.This paper proposes a solution to this problem in the context of a cellular computer that directly executes FFPs. The operators involved are applied in succession to the large operand, and only their results (with the exception of that of the last operator applied) need be moved. Providing each operator with a fresh copy of the large operand incurs no overhead in time. The proposed solution often allows one to avoid unproductive copying, and to suppress parallelism when it does not pay.The functional forms conditional, WHILE loop and construction are among the examples discussed. For example, when executing the conditional usually both the predicate and one of the “arms” of the conditional are applied to the operand. Since the result of the predicate computation is small, the overhead in the execution time of the conditional is negligible.A recursive matrix multiplication program described by Backus uses conditional and construction extensively. The proposed implementation technique reduces the execution time of this program on the cellular computer in question from O(n3) to O(n2).
AKT-2 BINDS TO GLUT4-CONTAINING VESICLES AND PHOSPHORYLATES THEIR COMPONENT PROTEINS IN RESPONSE TO INSULIN

Glut4-containing vesicles immunoadsorbed from primary rat adipocytes possess endogenous protein kinase activity and phosphorylation substrates. Phosphorylation of several vesicle proteins including Glut4 itself is rapidly activated by insulin. Wortmannin blocks the effect of insulin when added to cells in vivoprior to insulin administration. By means of MonoQ chromatography and Western blot analysis, vesicle-associated protein kinase is identified as Akt-2, a lipid-binding protein kinase involved in insulin signaling. Akt-2 is found to be recruited to Glut4-containing vesicles in response to insulin.
A numerical study of the flow of a K—BKZ fluid between plates rotating about non-coincident axes

Abstract The flow of a Currie fluid in an orthogonal rheometer has been studied. The numerical strategy includes projection of the solution onto a polynomial subspace with a B-spline basis, and parametric continuation. In contrast to earlier work, we have uncovered no evidence for bifurcation and multiplicity of solution. For values of γ ⩽ 0.9750, where γ is the non-dimensional distance between the non-coincident axes, the results are in good agreement with our earlier work while for γ ⩾ 0.9750 we obtain solutions by using a parameter continuation method, which also gave good agreement without difficulties with convergence as encountered in other studies. The numerical work is in conplete agreement with the Lemma established earlier. The solutions exhibit strong boundary layer development with increasing Reynolds number and significant interaction between fluid inertia and fluid elasticity. For the K—BKZ fluid under investigation, the surface traction, which has identical values on the two plates in all cases, is strongly dependent on the magnitude of Re , Ws , and γ.
Scalable solutions for secure group communications

With the advent of digital technologies and widening Internet bandwidth in recent years there has been a marked rise in new multimedia services, including teleconferencing, pay-per-view TV, interactive simulations, software updates and real-time delivery of stock market information. Multicast data distribution has been used in controlled environments to deliver such services. However, the lack of secure, accountable multicast data distribution has prevented its use in general Internet environments. Proposals for multicast security solutions so far are complex and often require trust in intermediate components or are inefficient. A secure multicast protocol suite must provide data confidentiality and multicast packet source authentication. In this paper we present a robust, simple and efficient multicast key management protocol based on proxy encryption and a multicast data source authentication mechanism based on symmetric message authentication codes. The solutions are analyzed and compared to previously published schemes. The results show that the proposed schemes are efficient and scalable relative to existing schemes.
First observations and suppression of multipass, multibunch beam breakup in the Jefferson Laboratory free electron laser upgrade

The multipass, multibunch beam breakup (BBU) instability imposes a potentially severe limitation to the average current that can be accelerated in an energy-recovery linac. Simulation results for Jefferson Lab’s free electron laser (FEL) upgrade driver are presented which predict the occurrence of BBU below the nominal operating current of the machine. In agreement with simulation, BBU was observed and preliminary measurements to identify the higher-order mode causing the instability are shown. In addition, measurements performed to experimentally determine the threshold current are described. Using a newly developed two-dimensional BBU simulation code, we study the effect of optical suppression techniques, first proposed in 1980 [R. E. Rand and T. I. Smith, Part. Accel. 11, 1 (1980)], on the threshold current of the FEL. Specifically we consider the effect of (1) reflecting the betatron planes about an axis that is at 45 � between the vertical and horizontal axes and (2) rotating the betatron planes by 90 � . In two-pass recirculators, a 90 � rotation can be effective at increasing the threshold current for BBU. The successful installation of a five skew-quadrupole reflector in the backleg of the FEL has been shown to be effective at suppressing the instability and comments on preliminary operational experience will be given.
Treatment of Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect seen in patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Spontaneous resolution may occur in some patients, but modifications to therapy can be employed to eliminate undesirable side effects. These include reducing drug dosages, altering timing of drug dosages, taking drug holidays, adding an adjunctive drug, and switching to alternative antidepressants.
Late tertiary glaciation and sea-level changes in Antarctica

Abstract The age and history of the present Antarctic ice sheet have long been matters of speculation. Reports of Tertiary glaciation in Antarctica have been based on the presence of till-like deposits, only one of the several criteria proposed for the recognition of older glaciations. Nichols reviewed all reports suggesting a Tertiary beginning and concluded that the evidence was not compelling. Continued field and laboratory study of deposits, both marine and terrestrial, has provided an increasing amount of evidence to indicate a Tertiary beginning for Antarctic and possibly Arctic glaciations. In western Antarctica the Jones Mountains provide some detailed information that bears on the question. The Jones Mountains consist of a mainly granitic Mesozoic basement complex, truncated by a major erosional unconformity which is overlain by as much as 500 m of Late Tertiary volcanics. The erosion surface is essentially horizontal, and is marked by grooves, striations, chatter-marks, and other evidences of planation. Lenses of a till-like material occur at the base of the overlying volcanics. The areal extent, low relief, and freshness of the markings on the surface lead to the conclusion that Tertiary glaciation is involved. The physical and mineralogical characteristics of the till-like material indicate that glacier ice was probably present at the time of eruption of the volcanics. The evidence for sea-level changes in Antarctica since Tertiary time is difficult to interpret. Numerous strandlines have been called Recent. Most of the former shorelines are probably now buried under the ice cover although the Tertiary Pecten Conglomerate rests on a wave-cut platform 220–250 m high on Cockburn Island. The location, interpretation, and dating of former shorelines remain one of the little studied phases of Antarctic geomorphology.
Pairs of Latin Squares to Counterbalance Sequential Effects and Pairing of Conditions and Stimuli

This paper discusses methods with which one can simultaneously counterbalance immediate sequential effects and pairing of conditions and stimuli in a within-subjects design using pairs of Latin squares. Within-subjects (repeated measures) experiments are common in human factors research. The designer of such an experiment must develop a scheme to ensure that the conditions and stimuli are not confounded, or randomly order stimuli and conditions. While randomization ensures balance in the long run, it is possible that a specific random sequence may not be acceptable. An alternative to randomization is to use Latin squares. The usual Latin square design ensures that each condition appears an equal number of times in each column of the square. Latin squares have been described which have the effect of counterbalancing immediate sequential effects. The objective of this work was to extend these earlier efforts by developing procedures for designing pairs of Latin squares which ensure complete counterbalancing...
Repetition as a structuring device in 1 Kings 1-11

Une etude des parallelismes et des repetitions qui regissent la structure de la forme actuelle de I Rois 1-11. L'A. conclut a la continuite thematique et a la coherence narrative de cet ensemble litteraire dont la strategie consiste a montrer les deux facettes du caractere de Salomon : le roi sage soumis a la Tora (I Rois 3-8), puis le roi fou qui use de sa sagesse pour ses propres desseins et ambition et devient ainsi transgresseur de la loi. L'A. oppose cette unite structurelle a l'opinion classique de la variete des sources et des genres, des traditions et des redacteurs
Effects of Antenatal Exposure to Magnesium Sulfate on Neuroprotection and Mortality in Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE To review the evidence regarding neuroprotective effects of antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate.
Enhanced intake of high-fat food following striatal mu-opioid stimulation: microinjection mapping and Fos expression.

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that stimulation of mu-opioid receptors within the nucleus accumbens preferentially enhances intake of palatable food containing sucrose and fat; thus, opioids in this brain area may mediate the rewarding characteristics of food by modulating taste and macronutrient preference. The present study was designed to further explore the nature of the involvement of striatal opioids in feeding behavior, such as the location of sensitive subregions of the ventral striatum and the brain neural circuits involved in opioid-mediated hyperphagia. In Experiment 1, we conducted a microinfusion mapping study of feeding behavior by microinfusion of the mu receptor agonist, d -Ala 2 ,NMe-Phe 4 ,Glyol 5 -enkephalin (0, 0.025 and 0.25 μg/0.5 μl per side; equivalent to 0, 0.04 and 0.40 nmol/0.5 μl per side), into several striatal subregions. In Experiment 2, detection of the expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was used to examine brain areas activated following intra-striatal microinfusion of d -Ala 2 ,NMe-Phe 4 ,Glyol 5 -enkephalin. The microinjection mapping study demonstrated a broad anatomical gradient within the striatum, with sensitivity highest in relatively more lateral and ventral regions of the striatum (ventrolateral striatum, lateral shell and core). The Fos mapping study demonstrated that circuitry including hypothalamic areas, the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra and the nucleus of the solitary tract was recruited by stimulation of mu receptors within the nucleus accumbens. A similar pattern was observed following stimulation of mu receptors in the dorsal striatum; however, the extent of activation was much smaller in magnitude. These results suggest that the role of mu receptors within the striatum in palatable feeding primarily involves ventral and lateral regions. Moreover, the pattern of activation in hypothalamic, midbrain and gustatory–visceral relay areas suggests that striatal mu receptors may participate in integrating motivational, metabolic and autonomic aspects of ingestive behavior.
Education of the Financial Planner

This paper discusses the importance of close collaboration between practitioners and academics to address common concerns of the profession. Although there are a few institutions which offer a curriculum for the education of financial planners, most AACS Bschools do not offer such a program. A survey was conducted of AACSB member institutions to ask whether they offer personal financial planning (PFP) courses, if so, how many and whether they offer a major or degree in the field. The schools were also asked whether their advisory group(s) contained active business representatives and whether the advisory groups contained professional financial planners. Most of the respondents offer only one or two courses and these seem to include many personal budgeting or self‐improvement courses rather than part of a curriculum for a personal financial planning professional. Very few respondents offer a degree or major in financial planning. Although all the advisory groups seem to include active business people, there are very few members who were reported as professional personal financial planners.
The Death of Marriage? The Effects of New Forms of Legal Recognition on Marriage Rates in the United States

Some conservative groups argue that allowing same-sex couples to marry reduces the value of marriage to opposite-sex couples. This article examines how changes in U.S. legal recognition laws occurring between 1995 and 2010 designed to include same-sex couples have altered marriage rates in the United States. Using a difference-in-differences strategy that compares how marriage rates change after legal recognition in U.S. states that alter legal recognition versus states that do not, I find no evidence that allowing same-sex couples to marry reduces the opposite-sex marriage rate. Although the opposite-sex marriage rate is unaffected by same-sex couples marrying, it decreases when domestic partnerships are available to opposite-sex couples.
Probabilistic validation of computer simulations using the bootstrap

Abstract A recently developed statistical method, the bootstrap, is used to compare data and model simulations. As a test case, I analyzed the validity of the relation, hypothesized by Neely, between the water solubility of an organic chemical and the ratio R of the acute lethal concentration to fish ( lc 50), at two different exposure times. The results of the analysis show that Neely's simulation model is likely (with an 88% probability) correct but it might have a systematic bias which makes the theoretical ratio ( R ) slightly higher than the observed ratio ( R 0 ). The bootstrap is an interesting statistical method which could be commonly used in model validation using a probabilistic approach. When computing resources are limited, the bootstrap validation might substitute error analysis by Monte Carlo methods, commonly used in ecological modelling, as the mathematical model is run only once.
Child-Rearing Practices Reported by Students in Six Cultures

Summary A questionnaire exploring child-rearing aspects of psychological security, feeding and weaning, toilet training and socialization was administered to respondents of six cultures: a total of 1187 male and female university undergraduates (primarily studying the social sciences) from Ethiopia, the Republic of China, Thailand, Israel, India, and the United States. In all cases significant differences across all cultures within each item were found at least at the .01 level and quite frequently at the .001 level. Although the data form a complex pattern of responses, this study begins to shed some light on cross-cultural differences and similarities of child-rearing habits.
Procurement Systems: A Cross‐Industry Project Management Perspective

Derek H. Walker and Steve Rowlinson (eds), Taylor & Francis, 2007, 441 pp., ISBN 978 0 415 41606 1, £44.99 Walker and Rowlinson, as editors of Procurement Systems, present thorough treatment of a s...
Optimal Vibration Quenching for an Euler–Bernoulli Beam

Abstract The quenching of the vibration of an Euler–Bernoulli beam under tension with general linear homogeneous boundary conditions is studied using a distributed control. A method for determining the control that quenches a finite number of modes is given and it is shown that the method can be extended theoretically to determine a control to quench all modes of the vibration. In general there is more than one control that can be used to quench the same modes. It is shown that of all controls that quench specified modes of vibration at a given time and are square integrable the method described yields the unique control whose mean square is minimum. A method is given for determining how many modes are sufficient to be quenched if the residual position and velocity of the beam are both to remain within a restricted band after the control is removed. Numerical results are given in graphical form.