cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential affinities of molindone, metoclopramide and domperidone for classes of [3H]spiroperidol binding sites in rat striatum: evidence for pharmacologically distinct classes of receptors

Abstract Rat striatum contains two populations of dopaminergic [3H]spiroperidol binding sites. The two populations are similar in their affinities for chloropromazine and dopamine. Only one population, that with a somewhat higher affinity for spiroperidol itself, exhibits high affinity for the selective D2 antagonists molindone, metochlopramide and domperidone. Hence, this population may represent D2 receptor sites. The other larger population may represent either a separate class of receptor sites or a different form of D2 receptor sites.
The New Leadership Construct: What Happens When A Flat Organization Builds A Tall Tower?:

When the Block Tower Building Game surfaced some 25 years ago, itwas designed toillustrate the managerial skill of directing subordinates in exactly how to “stack up” the results required by management. However, in today's more horizontal organizations with a premium placed on nonhierarchical leadership of a diverse workforce, teams are achieving “toweringly” higher results. This article discusses aspects of the new organizational realities and presents a tower building exercise redesigned for the 1990s. Modification reflects new thinking about effective organizations and new ways of interpreting the emergent organizational dynamics. The exercise examines the issue of who really leads in nonhierarchical, self-managed team settings.
HIV-1 antibody positive hepatitis B surface antigen serum in a dental school patient population

Testing for human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti-HIV-1) in patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen has never been performed in a dental school patient population. In this population there was a 2.8% positive reactivity for HIV-1 antibodies in subjects who were also positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. An enzyme-linked immunoassay with a repeat test and confirmation with a Western blot technique were used.
The legacy of patriarchy as context for surrogacy: or why are we quibbling over this?

It probably is possible to envision circumstances in which wealthy people using surrogacy services from poor countries would not be “exploitative,” especially if we narrow our definition enough, as...
Incidence of Viral and Fungal Infections following Busulfan-Based Reduced-Intensity versus Myeloablative Conditioning in Pediatric Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

Reductions in the duration and nadir of neutropenia have translated into a significant decrease in bacteremia in adult recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) during the first 30 days after transplantation. It remains to be determined whether RIC allo-SCT also will result in a decrease in systemic viral infections (SVIs) and invasive fungal infections (IFIs), which are more dependent on alterations in cellular immunity. We compared the incidence of SVIs and IFIs in children receiving busulfan-based RIC allo-SCT and in children receiving myeloablative conditioning (MAC) allo-SCT for various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Allo-SCT recipients at risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) received ganciclovir/foscarnet, and most of the patients received antifungal prophylaxis with liposomal amphotericin B until day +100. Eighty-six patients (median age, 7.5 years; 70% with malignant disease, 30% with nonmalignant disease; 80% average risk, 20% poor risk) were evaluated. The probability of developing grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 29.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]=16.7%-41.6%) in RIC allo-SCT versus 40.3% (95% CI=23.9%-56.6%) in MAC allo-SCT (P=.23), and that of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 28.9% (95% CI=14.7%-43.0%) in RIC allo-SCT versus 28.4% (95% CI=10.5%-46.3%) in MAC allo-SCT (P=.73). The overall probability of developing an SVI was 58%, and that of developing an IFI was 15%. These probabilities did not differ significantly by conditioning intensity. In a multivariate Cox regression model, the following were identified as independent risk factors for invasive fungal infection: older age (hazard ratio [HR]=1.3; 95% CI=1.1-1.6; P=< .01), poor risk status (HR=6.5; 95% CI =1.1-37.4; P=.03), and CMV-positive recipient (high vs low CMV risk group, HR=26.7; 95% CI=3.4-210.8; P=< .01). Overall infection-related mortality was only 1.1% (1/86) for SVIs and 2.3% (2/86) for IFIs. Our data indicate that RIC allo-SCT does not carry a lower risk of SVIs and IFIs than MAC allo-SCT in pediatric recipients.
Chromospherically active stars. X - Spectroscopy and photometry of HD 212280

The system HD 212280 is a chromospherically active double lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 45.284 days and an eccentricity of 0.50. The spectrum is composite with spectral types of G8 IV and F5-8 V for the components. An estimated inclination of 78 +/- 8 deg results in masses of 1.7 and 1.4 solar mass for the G subgiant and mid-F star, respectively. The distance to the system is estimated to be 112 pc. Photometric observations obtained between 1987 November and 1992 June reveal that HD 212280 is a newly identified variable star with a V amplitude of about 0.15 mag and a mean period of 29.46 days. Our V data were divided into 11 sets and in all but one case two spots were required to fit the data. Lifetimes of 650 days and a minimum of 1350 days have been determined for two of the four spots. The differential rotation coefficient of 0.05 is relatively small. The age of the system is about 1.9 X 10 exp 9 yrs. The G subgiant is rotating slower than pseudosynchronously while the F-type star is rotating faster.
Clinical Trials with Inactivated Monovalent (A/New Jersey/76) and Bivalent (A/New Jersey /76-A/Victoria/75) Influenza Vaccines in Los Angeles Children

Clinical and serologic responses to inactivated influenza virus vaccines were studied in 444 children in Los Angeles under doubld-blind, placebo-controlled protocols. One- and two-dose regimens employing monovalent (A/New Jersey/76) and bivalent (A/New Jersey/76-A/Victoria/75) vaccine were studied in separate trials. In a single dose, whole-virus vaccines were more potent than split-product vaccines as primary inducers of immunity against influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus. Split-product vaccines were better tolerated clinically and, after two-dose regiments, produced rates of seroconversion (greater than 90%) against A/New Jersey/76 virus comparable to those produced by two doses of whole-virus vaccines. Analysis of heterotypic antibody responses induced by monovalent A/New Jersey/76 vaccines revealed only slight increases in antibody against influenza A/Victoria/75 virus. After vaccination with bivalent vaccines, levels of antibody against influenza A/Victoria/75 virus were significantly higher in subjects who received high doses of split-product vaccines than in subjects who received whole-virus vaccines.
An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for SIRTF

An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) has been proposed to cool bolometric infrared detectors on the multiband imaging photometer of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). One such refrigerator has been built which uses a ferric ammonium alum salt pill suspended by nylon threads in a 3-T solenoid. The resonant modes of this suspension are above 100 Hz. The heat leak to the salt pill is 12 h. The cold stage temperature is regulated with a feedback loop that controls the magnetic field. A second, similar refrigerator is being built at a SIRTF prototype to fly on a balloon-borne telescope. It will use a ferromagnetic shield. The possibility of using a high-T/sub c/ solenoid-actuated heat switch is also discussed. >
An experimental study of Cu adsorption on CO/Ru(0001) by metastable quenching spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and thermal desorption

Abstract Through combined use of metastable quenching spectroscopy, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy and work function measurements we show that exposure to Cu vapor of a Ru(0001) surface precovered by a monolayer of CO leads to Cu adsorption at 85 K. At that temperature the Cu atoms cover the CO layer. Annealing to 150 K causes CO penetration through the Cu layer and formation of a CO/[Cu/Ru] sandwich. Thermal desorption experiments show that CO diffusion through the Cu layer at 200 K is sufficiently rapid to give a large CO desorption flux.
Analysis of orthogonal saturated designs

This chapter provides a review of special methods for analyzing data from screening experiments conducted using regular fractional factorial designs. The methods considered are robust to the presence of multiple nonzero effects. Of special interest are methods that try to adapt effectively to the unknown number of nonzero effects. Emphasis is on the development of adaptive methods of analysis of orthogonal saturated designs that rigorously control Type I error rates of tests or confidence levels of confidence intervals under standard linear model assumptions. The robust, adaptive method of Lenth (1989) is used to illustrate the basic problem. Then nonadaptive and adaptive robust methods of testing and confidence interval estimation known to control error rates are introduced and illustrated. Although the focus is on Type I error rates and orthogonal saturated designs, Type II error rates, nonorthogonal designs, and supersaturated designs are also discussed briefly.
Differentiation of murine thoracic duct lymphocytes into t and b subpopulations by computer cell-scanning techniques.

Abstract Computer-assisted cytometric analysis of murine lymphocytes, and of pure populations of T and B cells obtained from thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) revealed the existence of descriptors capable of differentiating T and B lymphocytes. Optical density values of Feulgen-stained nuclear DNA of the cells were recorded as digitized images by a computerized scanning microscope. Computer programs extracted from each cell and for each cell population computable image information related to the DNA distribution patterns. Nuclei of B cells possess smaller areas, less total optical density, denser staining DNA granules than the nuclei of T cells and distinct differences in the arrangement of optical density values. These descriptors allowed the differentiation of TDL into two subpopulations possessing properties identical to those found in pure T and B cell populations.
Objective Quality Assessment of Raw Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fillets Using Electronic Nose and Machine Vision

ABSTRACT: The ability of an electronic nose and machine vision system to classify tilapia fillets based on their odors and colors was studied. Fresh tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets were treated with 0%, 4%, and 8% sodium lactate and stored at 1.7 and 7.2 °C for 12 d. Trained panelists and an electronic nose with twelve polymer sensors evaluated odors. A machine vision system measured fillet colors. Aerobic plate counts were performed. Correct classification based on experimental variables (percent lactate, microbialload, sensory scores, storage time, and temperature) by discriminant function analysis was poor for color data alone, acceptable for electronic nose data alone, and excellent with these data combined.
Rapid turnover of newly-synthesized βS chains in reticulocytes from individuals with sickle cell trait

Summary Reticulocytes were isolated from the blood of four non-anemic individuals with sickle cell trait who had low concentrations of hemoglobin S (25 to 30%). The cells were incubated with [ 3 H]leucine in a medium supporting protein synthesis for various times from 1.25 to 60 min. The ratio of specific radioactivity of the β S globin chain to that of the β A globin chain (β S /β A ) of the total supernatant isolated from the labeled cells decreased toward unity from initial values of greater than 1.3 with increasing time of incubation. These results suggest that the disparity in peripheral blood concentrations of hemoglobins S and A in these individuals may be explained, at least in part, by a more rapid turnover of some of the newly-synthesized β S chains compared to the β A chains.
Rioting for Dignity: Masculinity, National Identity and Anti‐US Resistance in Panama

Villareal’s account of that harrowing day bore traces of practically all the masculine and feminine virtues long associated with national greatness: moral courage, physical exertion and self-abnegation for the former, and devotion, mourning and purity for the latter. This dual masculine‐feminine imagery pervaded not only the riots of 1964 but also many aspects of Panamanian relations with the United States in the twentieth century. The sixty years before the riots must be understood as a gendered context for that watershed event as metaphors of feminine powerlessness and masculine redemption for that powerlessness were ubiquitous during that period. Based on evidence from the United States and Panama, and drawing from the disciplines of diplomatic history, cultural anthropology and literary criticism, this article explores the continuities and transformations in Panama’s gendered national identity and evaluates its role in the riots of 1964. It argues that, when analysed along with other articulations of nationality such as anti-colonialism and race, gender allows historians
Feed efficiency in growth-retarded rats with ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions produced shortly after weaning.

Abstract Weanling male rats received electrolytic lesions (L) in the ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (DMN) hypothalamic nuclei; sham-operated rats served as controls. The animals were maintained for various periods up to 50 postoperative days on lab chow under standard conditions. In a short-term study, food intake and body weights were measured daily and body weight gain was divided by the food eaten to obtain the efficiency of food utilization. Also, gains in metabolic size ( kg 3 4 ) were divided by food eaten. Both manipulations showed that DMNL rats, except for the first two postoperative days, utilized food normally. The same changes were obtained for weanling VMNL rats, except that they did not show a decline in utilization during the first two postoperative days. Computation of efficiency of food utilization for both VMNL and DMNL rats over postoperative durations ranging from 7 to 50 days showed that among 12 out of 14 experiments DMNL rats utilized food as well as controls. Out of 8 experiments, rats with VMNL utilized food better for weight gained than controls in one and poorer than controls also in one experiment; in reference to metabolic size they utilized food normally. The foregoing data, gathered from 225 DMNL, 64 VMNL and 181 control rats show quite convincingly that food utilization in both types of experimental animals is unimpaired despite profound reductions in ponderal and linear growth and food intake in the DMNL rat and reduced circulating growth hormone levels in the VMNL rat.
Advances in 3D frequency domain fluorescence tomography

We present results of ongoing research in 3-D fluorescence tomography on large clinically-relevant tissue-mimicking domains. Finite element predictions of excitation and emission phase shift and amplitude attenuation are compared to experimental data from both column-shaped and breast-shaped tissue mimicking phantoms containing embedded fluorophore; system noise and measurement noise are characterized and utilized in image reconstruction using the Bayesian APPRIZE algorithm.
Profile of geriatric pelvic fractures presenting to the emergency department.

Abstract Few studies have examined differences in mechanism, presentation, and outcome of trauma in geriatric patients. This study compared pelvic fractures and associated injuries in geriatric and nongeriatric patients. The medical charts of all patients presenting to a large urban emergency medicine teaching program with a pelvic fracture between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 1993 were retrospectively reviewed by study-blinded physicians. Data collected included mechanism and site of injury, associated injuries, disposition (admission or discharge), need for operative repair, length of hospital stay, as well as subsequent deaths and causes. The data were stratified into patients less than 65 years of age (group A) and 65 years or older (group B). Two-hundred five pelvic fractures were reviewed with 85 (41%) in group B. A significantly greater number of pelvic fractures in group B occurred by fall (86% v 25%, P v 75%, P v 16%, P v 61%, P v 8%, P v 43%, P
Oligometastatic breast cancer treated with curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy

Purpose Prospective pilot study to assess patient outcome after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for limited metastases from breast cancer. Methods Forty patients with ≤5 metastatic lesions received curative-intent SBRT, while 11 patients with >5 lesions, undergoing SBRT to ≤5 metastatic lesions, were treated with palliative-intent. Results Among those treated with curative-intent, 4-year actuarial outcomes were: overall survival of 59%, progression-free survival of 38% and lesion local control of 89%. On univariate analyses, 1 metastatic lesion (versus 2–5), smaller tumor volume, bone-only disease, and stable or regressing lesions prior to SBRT were associated with more favorable outcome. Patients treated with palliative-intent SBRT were spared morbidity and mortality from progression of treated lesions, though all developed further metastatic progression shortly (median 4 months) after enrollment. Conclusions SBRT may yield prolonged survival and perhaps cure in select patients with limited metastases. Palliative-intent SBRT may be warranted for symptomatic or potentially symptomatic metastases.
Surveying the nasal peak: A1 and P0 in nasal and nasalized vowels

Nasality can be measured in the acoustical signal using A1-P0, where A1 is the amplitude of the harmonic under F1, and P0 is the amplitude of a low-frequency nasal peak (~250 Hz) (Chen 1997). In principle, as nasality increases, P0 goes up and A1 is damped, yielding lower A1-P0. However, the details of the relationship between A1 and P0 in natural speech have not been well described. We examined 4778 vowels in French and English elicited words, measuring A1, P0, and the surrounding harmonic amplitudes, and comparing oral and nasal tokens (phonemic nasal vowels in French, and coarticulatorily nasalized vowels in English). Linear mixed-effects regressions confirmed that A1-P0 is predictive of nasality: 4.16 dB lower in English nasal contexts relative to oral and 5.73 dB lower in French (both p<0.001). In English, as expected, P0 increased 1.42 dB and A1 decreased 3.93 dB (p<0.001). In French, however, both A1 and P0 lowered with nasality (5.73 and 0.93 dB, respectively, p<0.001). Even so, in both languages, P0 became more prominent relative to adjacent harmonics in nasal vowels. These data reveal cross-linguistic differences in the acoustic realization of nasal vowels and suggest P0 prominence as a potential perceptual cue to be investigated.
Individual Variation, Correspondence, Stability, and Change in Mother and Toddler Play

Abstract Individual differences and developmental changes in mother and toddler nonsymbolic and symbolic play were examined longitudinally when toddlers were 13 and 20 months old. A coding system was developed to assess mothers' play sophistication based on extant coding systems used to assess toddlers' play; the application of a common coding system to toddlers' and mothers' play permitted empirical investigation of behavioral parallels between toddler and mother. Characteristics of mother and toddler play were regularly associated at the two ages, and over time mother and toddler play sophistication changed in similar ways. For example, between 13 and 20 months, mothers and toddlers both moved toward higher levels of play, and changes in one partner's play were regularly associated with changes in the other partner's play. Nonetheless, significant changes in mothers' and toddlers' play remained after covarying partner influences. These findings indicate that individual differences and age-related changes in mother and toddler second-year play are partly mediated by matched partner play and partly motivated by processes independent of partner play.
Examination of Key Intermediates in the Catalytic Cycle of Aspartate-β-semialdehyde Dehydrogenase from a Gram-positive Infectious Bacteria

Aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes a critical branch point transformation in amino acid bio-synthesis. The products of the aspartate pathway are essential in microorganisms, and this entire pathway is absent in mammals, making this enzyme an attractive target for antibiotic development. The first structure of an ASADH from a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, has now been determined. The overall structure of the apoenzyme has a similar fold to those of the Gram-negative and archaeal ASADHs but contains some interesting structural variations that can be exploited for inhibitor design. Binding of the coenzyme NADP, as well as a truncated nucleotide analogue, into an alternative conformation from that observed in Gram-negative ASADHs causes an enzyme domain closure that precedes catalysis. The covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate was trapped by soaking the substrate into crystals of the coenzyme complex, and the structure of this elusive intermediate provides detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism.
Acrosin activity in patients with idiopathic infertility.

Acrosin is a sperm acrosomal enzyme that is involved in the acrosome reaction, the binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida, and fertilization. This study was designed to determine whether sperm acrosin measurements can identify subpopulations of infertile or subfertile patients that are not recognized by routine semen analyses. We measured the total acrosin activity of ejaculates in a group of 19 men (15 suspected subfertile patients and 4 fertile donors). The acrosin activity was measured in liquefied semen specimens using the methodology described by Kennedy et al. ((1989) J Urol 10:221–231). Ten patients in the suspected subfertile group had a mean acrosin value of 7.8 μJU acrosin/million sperm, which is clearly in the abnormal range ( 25 μIU/106 sperm) (Agarwal A, Loughlin KR (1990): 2d Inter...
Endothelin stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the thick ascending limb.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acutely inhibits NaCl reabsorption by the thick ascending limb (THAL) by activating the ETB receptor, stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and releasing nitric ...
Detection of low-level gene induction using in vitro transcription heat shock genes

Abstract We have recently described a technique of in vitro transcription (or nuclear run-off transcription) that is highly efficient for production of RNA polymerase II transcripts (Love, J., and Minton, K., Anal. Biochem., in press). In the current work we show that this technique may be applied to the evaluation of small transcriptional alterations in genes that are expressed at low levels; such alterations would be missed using traditional in vitro transcription techniques because the levels of transcription would be below limits of detection. We demonstrate this technique by evaluating in vitro transcription of the seven major heat shock genes by Drosophila melanogaster Schneider line 2 tissue culture cells after a variety of cellular stresses. We detected small transcriptional inductions of several of the heat shock genes following exposure of cells to extracellular hydrogen peroxide or γ irradiation. This latter stress has not been appreciated previously to affect heat shock gene transcription because it modulates their activity very weakly. A number of rigorous controls, required to avoid false positive and negative results, are described.
Ultrastructral evidence suggests variations in biosynthesis and processing within LH-RH neurons as a function of ovariectomy in rats

We have demonstrated that populations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-immunopositive neuronal perikarya change following gonadectomy of male and female rats in a sex-dependent manner related to rises in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH). In this study we characterize the ultrastructural state of organelles involved in protein synthesis, primarily within perikarya of rostral preoptic area LH-RH neurons surrounding the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). One day following ovariectomy little rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was evident, however, the cisternae were heavily laden with ribosomes and numerous polysomes were present free in the cytoplasm. Six days and 3 weeks post-ovariectomy the cisternae of RER were progressively more abundant and dilated; the multiple Golgi apparati, located in close proximity to the RER, were composed of many lamelae and extensive associated vesicles. We propose that increased pools of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) are generated by 1 day post-ovariectomy prior to increased synthesis of precursor, 6 days and 3 weeks post-ovariectomy. Axodendritic synaptic profiles in the neuropil surrounding LH-RH perikarya increased in number in the rostral medial preoptic area and lateral anterior hypothalamic area. We conclude that removal of gonadal steroids results in greater biosynthetic activity in LH-RH neurons, and suggest that the enhanced biosynthesis is related to increases in afferent activity.
Heart and Brain Tissue Banks for Research on Co-Occurring Cardiovascular and Neurological/Psychiatric Disorders

Epidemiological studies point to a strong and possibly causal association of psychiatric and neurological disorders with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mechanistic links between these co-occurring illnesses are not well understood. Better insight into their relationship could help identify novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. For successful translation of basic biomedical research into clinical practice, analyses of postmortem human tissues are essential. However, current tissue banks dedicated to psychiatric and neurological research collect only brain tissue samples deemed most important to the institution's participating investigators. While this practice is often dictated by budget constraints, restricted tissue storage space and other practical reasons, it limits the ability of the biological research community to access and study multiple organ systems relevant to cardiovascular and neuronal systems dysfunction. This problem is worsened when clinical records pertaining to coexistent systemic pathology are not available. To promote further understanding of co-occurring CVD and psychiatric/neurological disorders, efforts should be made to support tissue banks that harvest heart, coronary arteries, and aorta samples as well as brain tissue, from the same subjects.
Genre skills and narrative development in the elementary school years

An important language skill for successful participation in school-based learning activities is the ability to shift one's ways of felling events. In the present study, I examine elementary school children's abilities to produce genre-specific oral narratives. Children in grades K-2 and in grade 5 were given a series of narrative tasks. After viewing a silent film, The Red Balloon , children were asked to recount the film's events as an ongoing sportscast, a factual news report, and a story. In this paper, I examine the news-reporting and storytelling narratives produced by two first graders and one fifth grader. The results from textual analyses suggest that children from both grade levels have the ability to produce genre-specific narratives. However, the results also suggest differences in the ways children achieve this shift in genre. The fifth grader utilizes more global textual strategies to achieve this shift, whereas the first graders rely upon more local textual strategies. These grade level differences are discussed in terms of their implications for research on language and cognitive development in the elementary school years.
MIT inverse Compton source concept

Abstract A compact X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering of a high-power laser on a high-brightness linac beam is described. The facility can operate in two modes: at high (MHz) repetition rate with flux and brilliance similar to that of a beamline at a large 2nd generation synchrotron, but with short ∼1 ps pulses, or as a 10 Hz high flux-per-pulse single-shot machine. It has a small footprint and low cost appropriate for university or industry laboratories. The key enabling technologies are a high average power laser and a superconducting accelerator. The cryo-cooled Yb:YAG laser amplifier generates ∼1 kW average power at 1 μm wavelength that pumps a coherent cavity up to 1 MW stored power. The high-brightness electron beam is produced by a superconducting RF photoinjector and linac operating in CW mode with up to 1 mA current. The photocathode laser produces electron pulses at either 100 MHz with 10 pc per bunch, or at 10 Hz with 1 nC per bunch in the two operating modes. The design of the facility is presented, including optimization of the laser and electron beams, major technical choices, and the resulting X-ray performance with a focus on the 100 MHz mode.
Corporate contributions: Is the tail wagging the dog?

Nicholson: Before I go directly to my argument that the tail is not wagging the dog, let me share with you a little information about Howard University and how computing fits into the overall organization.
Apoptolidin, a selective cytotoxic agent, is an inhibitor of F0F1-ATPase

Abstract Background: Apoptolidin is a macrolide originally identified on the basis of its ability to selectively kill E1A and E1A/E1B19K transformed rat glial cells while not killing untransformed glial cells. The goal of this study was to identify the molecular target of this newly discovered natural product. Results: Our approach to uncovering the mechanism of action of apoptolidin utilized a combination of molecular and cell-based pharmacological assays as well as structural comparisons between apoptolidin and other macrocyclic polyketides with known mechanism of action. Cell killing induced by apoptolidin was independent of p53 status, inhibited by BCL-2, and dependent on the action of caspase-9. PARP was completely cleaved in the presence of 1 μM apoptolidin within 6 h in a mouse lymphoma cell line. Together these results suggested that apoptolidin might target a mitochondrial protein. Structural comparisons between apoptolidin and other macrolides revealed significant similarity between the apoptolidin aglycone and oligomycin, a known inhibitor of mitochondrial F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase. The relevance of this similarity was established by demonstrating that apoptolidin is a potent inhibitor of the F 0 F 1 -ATPase activity in intact yeast mitochondria as well as Triton X-100-solubilized ATPase preparations. The K i for apoptolidin was 4–5 μM. The selectivity of apoptolidin in the NCI-60 cell line panel was found to correlate well with that of several known anti-fungal natural products that inhibit the eukaryotic mitochondrial F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase. Significance: Although the anti-fungal activities of macrolide inhibitors of the mitochondrial F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase such as oligomycin, ossamycin and cytovaricin are well-documented, their unusual selectivity toward certain cell types is not widely appreciated. The recent discovery of apoptolidin, followed by the demonstration that it is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase, highlights the potential relevance of these natural products as small molecules to modulate apoptotic pathways. The mechanistic basis for selective cytotoxicity of mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors is discussed.
Tilted amides in amino acid and peptide derivatives

Abstract Background: Amide bonds in peptides and proteins typically adopt planar cis or trans conformations. Conversions between cis and trans amide conformations are necessary for protein folding and for many other processes, but are difficult to achieve since they involve disruption of the planarity of the bond. As a first step to understanding cis-trans isomerization, we set out to synthesize and characterize peptides that mimic the tilted or twisted amide structures that are postulated to form the intermediate states in this process. Results: We have synthesized a model amino acid and four dipeptide derivatives containing a methyl-substituted aziridine residue. Single crystals of phenacyl (2R, 3R)-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-methyl-2-aziridinecarboxylate and phenacyl (2R, 3R)-acetyl-glycyl-3-methyl-2-aziridine-carboxylate were obtained. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, we determined that the amide nitrogens of the aziridine rings have tetrahedral sp 3 -like geometry with tilt angles in the range of 37–38°. The 13 C-NMR spectra indicate that the amide carbonyl is dramatically shifted downfield as a consequence of the tilt. Conclusions: In peptides containing a substituted aziridine ring, the orbitals of the amide nitrogen are constrained into a tilted configuration. These peptides may mimic the transition state between cis and trans amide conformations. This technique thus provides a novel strategy for the study of isomerization and other biorecognition processes.
Power Efficient Tb/s Optical Interconnects

We review the development of chip-scale VCSEL-based parallel optical transceivers targeted at delivering high bandwidth in a compact footprint while minimizing both cost and power.
Analysis of vibration by the wave propagation method and Bolotin's method for a rectangular thin plate with at least one side roller-supported

The wave method of Keller and Rubinow [Ann. Phys. 9, 24–75 (1960)], and Bolotin's method [in: J.R.M. Radds, ed., Problems of Continuum Mechanics, SIAM, Philadelphia (1961), pp. 56–68], two asymptotic methods for the estimation of eigenvalues of boundary value problems, are shown to be equivalent for the case of a rectangular Kirchhoff thin plate, each edge of which is clamped, simply-supported or roller-supported. The wave method is then used to calculate the eigenfrequencies for those cases for which the eigenfunctions are not obtainable by separation of variables. Finally, the same eigenfrequencies are computed numerically by discretization using the Legendre-tau method. The asymptotic results and the numerical results are seen to be in good agreement, even near the low end of the spectrum.
Effect and mechanism of ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure on the structure and properties of starches

Abstract Normal maize, waxy maize, high-amylose maize VII, tapioca, potato, and rice starches were ultrahigh hydrostatic pressurized at 690 MPa. Structures and properties of the pressurized starches were investigated. Each starch was pressurized in powder form, in 1/1 (v/w) ethanol/starch suspension, and in 1/1 and 2/1 (v/w) water/starch suspensions for 5 min and 1 h dwelling times. The crystalline structure, thermal and pasting properties, molecular weight distributions, and morphology of starch granules were analyzed. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the ultrahigh pressure converted starches that displayed the A-type X-ray patterns to the B-type-like pattern. Differential scanning calorimeter thermograms of starches taken right after the pressure treatments showed a newly developed peak that resembled that of the retrograded (B-type) starch. Crystalline structures of starches that displayed the B-type pattern, however, were not changed by the pressure treatments in a water suspension. The ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure did not change the molecular weight distribution of the starch. The pressurization of starches in powder form and in the presence of alcohol resulted in a reduction in peak intensity of the X-ray pattern but no conversion from the A-type to the B-type.
Kinetics of interfacial ion-transfer reactions studied using the indirect laser-induced temperature jump technique: Theory

Abstract For fast, interfacial ion-transfer (adsorption/desorption) reactions, I demonstrate the development of a relationship describing the time dependence of the open-circuit potential change (ΔVoc(t)) initiated by the coulostatic temperature perturbation associated with the indirect laser-induced temperature jump (ILIT) technique. The form of this relationship is exactly the same as the one developed for interfacial electron-transfer (ET) reactions of solution-dissolved redox couples. However, the definitions of the parameters associated with this relationship (e.g., the measured rate constant (km,a/d) and the mass-transfer parameter (P75,a/d)) are unique to and are functions of the chemical kinetic and (some of) the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption/desorption reactions. An additional analysis of the time dependence of the ILIT-induced open-circuit potential change (ΔVoc,et(t)) effected by the ET reaction of a reversibly adsorbed redox couple (where only the adsorbed redox species undergo the ET reaction) also results in a relationship that is the same as that developed for solution-dissolved redox couples, but the definitions of km,et and P75,et are, again, different for the reversibly adsorbed redox moieties. The analyses associated with these developments are relevant to possible studies (using ILIT or other coulostatic perturbation techniques) of the adsorption/desorption reactions pertinent to many technologically important electrochemical processes.
Energy driven self-organization in nanoscale metallic liquid films.

Nanometre thick metallic liquid films on inert substrates can spontaneously dewet and self-organize into complex nanomorphologies and nanostructures with well-defined length scales. Nanosecond pulses of an ultraviolet laser can capture the dewetting evolution and ensuing nanomorphologies, as well as introduce dramatic changes to dewetting length scales due to the nanoscopic nature of film heating. Here, we show theoretically that the self-organization principle, based on equating the rate of transfer of thermodynamic free energy to rate of loss in liquid flow, accurately describes the spontaneous dewetting. Experimental measurements of laser dewetting of Ag and Co liquid films on SiO2 substrates confirm this principle. This energy transfer approach could be useful for analyzing the behavior of nanomaterials and chemical processes in which spontaneous changes are important.
Growth of Fish Retinas

SYNOPSIS. This review discusses development and growth of the retina. A geometric model of retinal differentiation is proposed in which four phases are recognized; the first three are common to all vertebrate embryos. The last, post-embryonic growth phase has two alternate routes, one followed by birds and mammals and the other by fish and amphibians. All retinas grow by expansion, and retinal cells are spread apart as the retina enlarges. In fish (and larval amphibians), the retina not only expands but also adds cells. In these retinas a marginal germinal zone persists and continues to produce neurons, which are added appositionally in concentric annuh around the perimeter. The genesis of one class of photoreceptor cell, the retinal rods, is different from all other retinal neurons in that the proportion of rods increases with growth in central retinal regions far from the germinal zone. The source of these centrally-added rods is not yet established; several hypotheses are discussed. Alterations of synaptic connectivity within the retina and between retina and brain are suggested by the pattern of growth and cell addition. The capacity of adult fishes to generate new neurons and to form new synapses is a remarkable property, one which most animals abandon much earlier in life.
Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of arginine vasotocin in the rat pineal gland

THE discovery that the pineal gland contained melatonin1 provided the stimulus for a multidisciplinary approach to the study of this organ. Considerable evidence suggests that this gland affects reproductive physiology. For example, it contains biologically active polypeptides. One of the first of these to be identified was arginine vasotocin (AVT), initially isolated from extracts of bovine pineal gland2, and later identified chemically and found to have antigonadotropic properties3,4. There is physiological and radioimmunoassay evidence for the origin of AVT in the pineal gland. We now present immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of this polypeptide in the pineal gland.
Moving beyond the Amalgam: Restructuring Access Services.

At least since the early 1990s, academic libraries have been merging Circulation and various other related functions into a single department typically labeled “Access Services.” In many cases, however, that merger has proven to be administrative rather than functional, with minimal integration of common workflows. This article describes a significant attempt by the Circulation and Interlibrary Loan Services Departments at the University of Colorado, Boulder, to restructure workflows and redistribute personnel in order to achieve a more efficient, integrated, and nimble work unit, an Access Services Department in more than name only.
Auditory and visual semantic priming using different stimulus onset asynchronies: An event‐related brain potential study

Semantic priming effects (behavioral and electrophysiological) were compared in the visual and auditory modalities across three stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 0, 200, and 800 ms). When both prime and target were presented in the visual modality (the prime just to the left of a fixation point and the target to the right), there were N400 priming effects present across the three SOAs. However, the N400 in the 0-ms SOA condition extended longer in time (800 vs. 500 ms) than in the other SOAs. When both the prime and target were presented in the auditory modality (the prime to the right ear and the target to the left), the largest priming effects were found for the 800-ms SOA. Moreover, there was a relatively early priming effect present in the 0- and 800-ms SOA conditions but not in the 200-ms condition. The results are discussed in terms of modality differences in the time course of word comprehension processes.
Timing of cyclin D1 expression within G1 phase is controlled by Rho

The expression of cyclin D1 in mid-G1 phase is associated with sustained ERK activity, and we show here that Rho is required for the sustained ERK signal. However, we also report that Rho inhibits an alternative Rac/Cdc42-dependent pathway, which results in a strikingly early G1-phase expression of cyclin D1. Thus, cyclin D1 is induced in mid-G1 phase because a Rho switch couples its expression to sustained ERK activity rather than Rac and Cdc42. Our results show that Rho is crucial for maintaining the correct timing of cyclin D1 expression in G1 phase and describe a new role for cytoskeletal integrity in the regulation of cell cycle progression.
Analysis of directory based cache coherence schemes with multistage networks

Designing efficient cache coherence schemes for shared memory multiprocessors has attracted much attention of the researchers in the area. Snoopy cache protocols have been designed for bus based multiprocessors. However, the snoopy protocols are not applicable to general interconnection networks. On the other hand, the directory based cache protocols adapt very well to any kind of interconnection network such as a Multistage Network. Since different protocols have different cost overheads, and may give different performance, the protocol to be used must be wisely selected. Although there has been some simulation studies on the behavior of different directory schemes proposed in the literature, there has been no systematic analytical model for these schemes. In this paper we develop a detailed analytical model of the various directory schemes on a Multistage Interconnection Network. The shared miss ratios are computed analytically, and the performance of the various schemes is compared. Results are presented to show that the directories do not form a system bottleneck contrary to popular belief.
Image processing based burglarproof system using silhouette image

Image processing based burglarproof systems used today mainly depend on the features extracted from a front face. But several problems cannot be solved currently, e.g., fake face, covered face, etc. Here we propose a method to solve the problem of the traditional Automatic Teller Machine burglarproof system.
Protection of Menhaden Mince Lipids from Rancidity during Frozen Storage

Several antioxidants as well as vacuum packaging and changes in frozen storage temperatures (-7°C and -20°C) were tested for their effect on the peroxide values and free fatty acids (FFA) of frozen minces from Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus and Atlantic men-haden, Brevoortia tyrannus. Vacuum packaging was the most effective in retarding oxidative rancidity. Storage at -20°C also reduced the oxidation versus -7°C. Ascorbic acid and crythorbic acid had the best antioxidant activity of the additives tested. Tocopherols, rosemary extracts, and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) had limited antioxidant activity. Storage at -20°C inhibited hydrolytic rancidity. Neither vaccum packaging nor any of the additives prevented FFA development at -7°C.
On the decentralized control for dynamically interconnected systems

In this note, we use matrix fraction description approach to give a necessary and sufficient condition for the stabilizability of dynamically interconnected systems by decentralized control. We utilize the condition to give some simple proofs for the previous results. New sufficient conditions for the stabilizability are also given, where the stability of the interaction systems may not be required.
The uncorrelated triple junction distribution function: Towards grain boundary network design

Abstract Triple junctions are recognized as important microstructural features in the context of grain boundary network topology and grain boundary sensitive materials properties. In spite of this prominence, mathematical tools for quantifying distributions of misorientations around triple junctions have been limited to special cases. Here we derive a general formula for the uncorrelated triple junction distribution function (TJDF) for materials of arbitrary texture. Additionally, we provide the mathematical link between TJDF and the orientation distribution function, which should facilitate the use of materials design paradigms on the grain boundary network.
ELECTRICALLY INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITIES IN FREE DENDRITE GROWTH

We describe a new instability mechanism in free dendrite growth, which arises from electrically enhanced diffusion of polar molecules near the dendrite tip. For a small applied potential, the dendrite tip velocity increases slowly with potential, as is described by an extension of normal solvability theory. Above a threshold potential, however, capillarity is insufficient to stabilize growth. We present observations that confirm this instability, which brings about a transition from enhanced normal dendrite growth to a rapidly growing needle morphology with strongly suppressed sidebranching.
Screening instruments for substance use and brief interventions targeting adolescents in primary care: a literature review.

Background A review of the literature was conducted to examine substance use screening instruments commonly used with adolescents in medical settings, their comparative usefulness, and SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment).
The Functional Inter-Relation of Certain Genes in the Development of the Mouse.

Page 343, line 2, for "tomozygous read "homozygous." Page 343, line 3, for "hnk-eyed" read "pink-eyed