cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
United States Asia Strategy: Policy, Power, Pivot

This paper is an assessment of contemporary United States strategy in the Asia-Pacific. It gives a background of United States grand strategy throughout history culminating with the 2012 Pivot to Asia designed and implemented by the Obama Administration, the Department of State, and the National Security Council. The Pivot to Asia will be viewed by assessing the hard and soft powers the United States has at its disposal as a means to further its national interests in the Asia-Pacific. Current cases focusing on Southeast Asia and East Asia will be used to assess the efficacy of the new strategy and determine if it is the best method to deter aggression, maintain commerce, and ensure a balance of power.
Analysis of Equity Returns: A Survey with Extensions

From the classic cash dividend discount model the paper begins by deriving theoretical static equilibrium models to also rationalize a corporation's earnings per share (EPS) and its price-earnings (P/E) ratio. Then Sharpe-Treynor single index market models (SIMMs) are derived for the stock price, EPS and P/E ratio. These three market models are estimated empirically for each of the 30 stocks included in the Dow-Jones Industrial Average. Finally, the SIMM for stock prices is shown to be a reduced form based on the SIMMs for the issuer's EPS and P/E ratio.
Urban Green: Nature, Recreation, and the Working Class in Industrial Chicago. By Colin Fisher.

Urban Green: Nature, Recreation, and the Working Class in Industrial Chicago . By Colin Fisher. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. xv + 232 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95, paper.) Colin Fisher has shifted the focus of working-class, African American, and ethnic engagement with the city and its varied pleasures from nightlife and commercial recreation to the pursuit and enjoyment of nature. As he amply illustrates, the interaction of immigrants, blacks, and working-class whites with nature was not solely bound by work. Instead, members of these groups sought open spaces within city limits and seemingly natural places outside of the metropolis. Understanding the interactions of these groups with the natural world, however limited the available green space, Fisher … pmooney{at}luc.edu
Renal transplantation in Reye's syndrome: fate of the recipient--a case report.

AbstractA case is reported of a successful transplant of kidneys from a 15-month-old girl who died of complications of Reye’s syndrome. The patient is well 28 months after the transplant and? despite treatment for 2 rejection episodes, there has been no increase in viral serologic titers nor evidence of the clinical viral syndrome. The literature on renal transplantation in Reye’s syndrome as well as Reye’s syndrome itself is reviewed. The ’world literature on this subject is sparse and this case is presented to give support and justification for the use of Reye’s syndrome cadaver donors.
Social and Economic Determinants of Infant Ill Health in 159 Georgia Counties: A Comparison Study

Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are important causes of infant morbidity in Georgia and the United States. Georgia county-level data were used to explore the relationships between prematurity and LBW and two social and economic determinants of health: race and poverty status. Spearman rank correlations and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used. Prematurity and LBW were positively associated with poverty status and the presence of large African American populations. While causation cannot be inferred from correlative data, this analysis highlights the need to consider the role of social and economic factors in infant morbidity. It also highlights the need to target interventions and services to geographic areas most in need.
Experience with primary carcinoma of the male urethra.

AbstractWe reviewed 23 cases of primary carcinoma of the male urethra and compared the clinical findings, treatment and results to the experiences previously reported. Patients with lesions of the pendulous urethra managed by appropriate amputation of the penis with ilio-inguinal node dissection for groin metastases had a good prognosis, whereas patients with lesions of the bulbomembranous or prostatic urethra had a poor prognosis. Despite occasional successful results with conservative surgical excision and over-all poor results with radical excision the generally extensive nature of such tumors necessarily makes radical excision the treatment of choice.
Specific heat output (SHO) of visceral organs/tissues: the hypothesis and first estimations.

It was hypothesized that each organ/tissue has a characteristic specific heat output (SHO; kcal/d.g). Heat output (HO; kcal/d) is defined as the product of the SHO and the weight, g, of the organ/tissue. FHP (fasting heat production) is defined as the sum of HO values of all tissues of fasted animals. FHP and organ weight were perturbed by variations of food intake of 48 young swine before FHP and weights of 36 organ/tissue variables were measured. Cluster analysis was used to group the variables and simplify the analyses and indicated that small intestine, kidneys, liver and pancreas were principal sources of FHP. Regression estimates indicated that the SHO of pancreas and kidneys was high (1.1 to 1.9), that of small intestine, liver and colon was intermediate (.21 to .26), and that of stomach and lungs was low (.11 to .14). All other viscera tissues were assumed to have SHO near that for nonviscera, estimated at .0165 kcal/d.g. Mean values of FHP and empty body weight were 1856 kcal/d and 46,651 g respectively; thus the mean SHO value of all tissues was about .04 kcal/d.g. The SHO values of stomach, intestine, colon, pancreas, kidneys, liver and lungs were in the range 3- to 50-fold greater than SHO of the whole body and in the range 7- to 120-fold greater than the estimated SHO of the nonviscera. These findings indicate that the small intestine, liver and kidneys account for about 60% of HO from viscera or about 30% of total FHP.
High-stress triaxial direct-shear fracturing of Utica shale and in situ X-ray microtomography with permeability measurement

The challenge of characterizing subsurface fluid flow has motivated extensive laboratory studies, yet fluid-flow through rock specimens in which fractures are created and maintained at high-stress conditions remains under-investigated at this time. The studies of this type that do exist do not include in situ fracture geometry measurements acquired at stressed conditions, which would be beneficial for interpreting the flow behavior. Therefore, this study investigates the apparent permeability induced by direct-shear fracture stimulation through Utica shale (a shale gas resource and potential caprock material) at high triaxial-stress confinement and for the first time relates these values to simultaneously acquired in situ X-ray radiography and microtomography images. Change in fracture geometry and apparent permeability was also investigated at additional reduced stress states. Finite element and combined finite discrete element modeling were used to evaluate the in situ observed fracturing process. Results from this study indicate that the increase in apparent permeability through fractures created at high-stress (22.2 MPa) was minimal relative to the intact rock (less than 1 order of magnitude increase) while fractures created at low stress (3.4 MPa) were significantly more permeable (2 to 4 orders of magnitude increase). This study demonstrates the benefit of in situ X-ray observation coupled with apparent permeability measurement to analyze fracture creation in the subsurface. Our results show that the permeability induced by fractures through shale at high stress can be minor and therefore favorable in application to CO2 sequestration caprock integrity but unfavorable for hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional reservoirs.
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Renal Diets Are Indicated for Cats with International Renal Interest Society Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 2 to 4: The Pro View.

Renal diets have been the mainstay of therapy for cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many decades. Clinical trials in cats with CKD have shown them to be effective in improving survival, reducing uremic crises, and improving serum urea nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations. It has shown that, when food intake is adequate, renal diets can maintain body weight and body condition scores for up to 2 years. Although some have questioned whether renal diets provide adequate protein and have advocated feeding higher-protein diets to cats with CKD, there is currently no convincing evidence in support of this proposal.
Monitoring Academic and Social Skills in Elementary School: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Classroom Performance Survey

Numerous well-validated academic progress monitoring tools are used in schools, but there are fewer behavioral progress monitoring measures available. Some brief behavior rating scales have been shown to be effective in monitoring students’ progress, but most focus only on students’ social skills and do not address critical academic-related behaviors. We conducted a quasi-replication of a study by Brady, Evans, Berlin, Bunford, and Kern examining the Classroom Performance Survey (CPS) by using a multi-step analytic strategy, including confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Over a period of 3 years, 160 elementary schoolteachers in 19 schools across three states completed a modified CPS on 356 elementary students identified as at-risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. The modified CPS was found to be comprised of two factors (Academic Competence and Interpersonal Competence) and showed evidence of reliability and validity. These results suggest that the CPS shows promise as a brief be...
Stress induced anisotropy in Co-rich magnetic nanocomposites for inductive applications

Magnetic nanocomposites, annealed under stress, are investigated for application in inductive devices. Stress annealed Co-based metal/amorphous nanocomposites (MANCs) previously demonstrated induced magnetic anisotropies greater than an order of magnitude larger than field annealed Co-based MANCs and response to applied stress twice that of Fe-based MANCs. Transverse magnetic anisotropies and switching by rotational processes impact anomalous eddy current losses at high frequencies. Here we review induced anisotropies in soft magnetic materials and show new Co-based MANCs having seven times the response to stress annealing as compared to Fe-based MANC systems. This response correlates with the alloying of early transition metal elements (TE) that affect both induced anisotropies and resistivities. At optimal alloy compositions, these alloys exhibit a nearly linear B–H loop, with tunable permeabilities. The electrical resistivity is not a function of processing stress but trends in electrical resistivity and induced anisotropy with choice and concentration of TE content are clearly resolved. Previously reported and record-level induced anisotropies, Ku, ∼20 kJ/m3 (anisotropy fields, HK ∼ 500 Oe), in stress annealed Co-rich MANCs are increased to Ku ∼ 70 kJ/m3 (HK > 1800 Oe) in new systems.
Erziehung, Selbsterziehung und die Arbeit am Ich – Brauchen wir Vorbilder?

Wir entscheiden uns mehr oder minder aktiv, bewusst und (scheinbar) frei fur Personen und Situationen, mit und in denen wir eine langere Weile existieren und die wir passiv auf uns einwirken lassen. Von Mentoren zu lernen bedeutet, nicht nur ihre Sonnen-, sondern auch ihre Schattenseite kennenzulernen und zu kritisieren. Dies widerspricht zwar dem Bedurfnis mancher Adepten nach Hagiografie und Idealisierung ihrer Lehrer, sorgt aber dafur, dass sie die Grundtugenden der kritischen Einordnung und Emanzipation erobern, mittels derer Schuler auf sich und die Aufgabe ihrer eigenen Selbst- und Personlichkeitswerdung verwiesen werden.
The Primary Hyperoxalurias: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment

Although the primary hyperoxalurias (PH) are rare disorders, they are of considerable clinical importance in relation to calcium oxalate urolithiasis and as a cause of renal failure worldwide. Three distinct disorders have been described at the molecular level. The investigation of any child or adult presenting with urinary tract stones or nephrocalcinosis, must exclude PH as an underlying cause. This paper provides a practical approach to the investigation and diagnosis of PH, indicating the importance of distinguishing between the PH types for the purposes of targeting appropriate therapy. Conservative management is explored and the various transplant options are discussed.
Auction design for power markets based on standardized contracts for energy and reserves

The wholesale power markets have undergone substantial change over the past few years to deal with increasing penetrations of variable energy resources. The market design and processes have become more complex because of introduction of new products and services to deal with the variability and intermittency of renewable resources. Additionally, the increasing adoption of distributed energy resources presents new challenges for the power grid operations, requiring additional flexibility to ensure stable, reliable, and resilient grid operations. The current market designs, however, do not explicitly value flexibility from resources. This paper presents a novel unit commitment/economic dispatch problem formulation that explicitly values the flexibility offered by resources. The market design is based on the concept of two-part pricing where resources are first paid to make their capacities available, including the flexibility, in the day-ahead markets and subsequently paid performance payments based on real-time dispatch.
Blending Community and Content Through Place-Based Science

Place-based education connects the learner to the local environment through diverse strategies that increase awareness and connectedness to the community, and ultimately to the world (Sobel, 2004). Constructivist principles of learning – the belief that individuals “construct their own knowledge by engaging in the learning process, interacting and collaborating with teachers and other students, reflecting on the content, and meaningfully integrating the new information with prior knowledge” (Sowan & Jenkins, 2013, p. 316) – run deep within place-based education as the learner constructs meaning through personal interactions with the local environment. In other words, the “landscape shapes [one’s] mindscape” (Haas & Nachtigal, 1998, p. 4). This report follows the impact of a three-year grant funded program with a focus upon building community partnerships through a place-based, environmental education lens. Depth of impact is understood through the viewpoints and perspective of the project’s stakeholders: K-12 teachers, university professors, and community partners. This examination of place-based curriculum connected through the sciences provides a model for creating intentional partnerships as a means to blend community and content.
Research Toward Specific Goals: Development of the Light-Weight, Two-Cycle Diesel

(1958). Research Toward Specific Goals: Development of the Light-Weight, Two-Cycle Diesel. Research Management: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 85-100.
High-precision measurements and theoretical calculations of indium excited-state polarizabilities

We report measurements of the scalar and tensor static polarizabilities of the $^{115}\mathrm{In}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}7{p}_{1/2}$ and $7{p}_{3/2}$ excited states using two-step diode laser spectroscopy in an atomic beam. These scalar polarizabilities are one to two orders of magnitude larger than for lower-lying indium states due to the close proximity of the $7p$ and $6d$ states. For the scalar polarizabilities, we find values (in atomic units) of $1.811(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{a}_{0}^{3}$ and $2.876(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{a}_{0}^{3}$ for the $7{p}_{1/2}$ and $7{p}_{3/2}$ states, respectively. We determine the tensor polarizability component of the $7{p}_{3/2}$ state to be $\ensuremath{-}1.43(18)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{a}_{0}^{3}$. These measurements set high-precision benchmarks of the transition properties for highly excited states in trivalent atomic systems. We also present ab initio calculations of these quantities and other In polarizabilities using two high-precision relativistic methods to make a global comparison of the accuracies of the two approaches. The precision of the experiment is sufficient to differentiate between the two theoretical methods as well as to allow precise determination of the indium $7p\text{\ensuremath{-}}6d$ matrix elements. The results obtained in this paper are applicable to other heavier and more complicated systems, and provide much needed guidance for the development of even more precise theoretical approaches.
Ultrasonic Signal Characterizations of Flat-Bottom Holes in Titanium Alloys: Experiment and Theory

The POD Working Group under the Engine Titanium Consortium [1] is currently conducting a series of ultrasonic experimental and theoretical investigations using aircraft engine titanium alloy specimens. These efforts, in conjunction with corresponding statistical model developments, represent a new attempt to construct an integrated physical/statistical methodology for estimating the probability of detection (POD) of flaws in (titanium) materials. An important aspect of this new methodology is the use of physical models, to the extent possible, to predict the flaw and noise signals under the influence of various inspection parameters, thereby reducing the experimental effort and providing a basis for extrapolating to cases not covered by experiment. The ultrasonic investigations described in this paper are required to validate the accuracy and range of applicability of the models before they can be utilized with confidence.
Current Density Contribution to Plasmonic Enhancement Effects in Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetectors

This work studies how the local current density in a metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector (MSM PD) corresponds to the plasmonic enhancement and therefore affects the overall enhancement of the device. For this type of semiconductor photodetector, the enhancement of incident light due to plasmonic structures is most critical inside the substrate, where the photocurrent is generated. This work develops a relationship between the total device optical enhancement and the current density by considering the average optical enhancement, weighted by the current density in the GaAs layer of a simulated MSM PD. This corresponds to an increased overall current in the device. Effects of the wire and nanoslit widths on the total weighted optical enhancement were studied. The results showed that both widths have a significant impact on the total weighted optical enhancement, improving it by two orders of magnitude when using the smallest possible wire widths and nanoslits.
Erythropoietin: from mountain top to bedside.

Erythropoietin is a growth factor for erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells and a differentiation hormone necessary for the blast transformation of CFU-E to proerythroblasts.
Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanisms Regulating Blood Cell Development in Zebrafish

The remarkably conserved hematopoietic programs between zebrafish and mammals make zebrafish an excellent model to study vertebrate blood development. Studies on zebrafish from the past 2 decades have greatly contributed to our understanding of human hematopoiesis and associated blood disorders. This chapter summarizes the important genetic and epigenetic factors involved in transcriptional regulation of blood development in zebrafish embryos. Recent advances using zebrafish for blood disease modeling and therapeutic discovery will also be discussed.
Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels in Myocardial Cells by Cyclic Nucleotides and Phosphorylation

Considerable attention during the past few years has been given to phosphorylation of ion channels as a means whereby the activity of the ion channels can be regulated. This article will cover the evidence that cyclic nucleotides regulate the Ca2+ influx into the myocardial cells that occurs during each cardiac cycle. This regulation is presumably mediated by phosphorylation(s) of the Ca2+ slow channel protein (L-type) and/or of associated regulatory protein(s). In myocardial cells, phosphorylation of the slow Ca channels (or of an associated regulatory protein) by cAMP-PK (Fig. 1) presumably (a) increases the number of Ca2+ slow channels available for voltage activation during the action potential (AP); (b) increases the probability of their opening, and (c) increases their mean open time. A greater density of available Ca2+ channels increases Ca2+ influx and inward Ca2+ slow current (Ica) during the AP, and so increases the force of contraction of the heart. Phosphorylation by cGMP-PK depresses the activity of the slow Ca channels [1,2, 3].
Definite Integrals: The Calculus Approach

1. Examine other situations where the Riemann sum approach applies. 2. Given a function f, represent the accumulation function generated by f in terms of a definite integral. Approximate values of the accumulation function using partial Riemann sums. 3. Given a function f, find an antiderivative of f. Explore the relationships among the antiderivatives of f. Discover rules for finding the antiderivatives of basic functions. 4. Develop a conceptual understanding of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus by examining the link between the accumulation function generated by a function and the antiderivatives of the function. 5. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to evaluate definite integrals.
Role of Members of the Wnt Gene Family in Human Hematopoiesis

The hematopoietic system is derived from ventral mesoderm. A number of genes that are important in mesoderm development have been identified including members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, and the Wnt gene family. Because TGF-β plays a pleiotropic role in hematopoiesis, we wished to determine if other genes that are important in mesoderm development, specifically members of the Wnt gene family, may play a role in hematopoiesis. Three members of the Wnt gene family ( Wnt-5A , Wnt-2B , and Wnt-10B ) were identified and cloned from human fetal bone stromal cells. These genes are expressed to varying levels in hematopoietic cell lines derived from T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and erythroid cells; however, only Wnt-5A was expressed in CD34+Lin− primitive progenitor cells. The in vitro biological activity of these Wnt genes on CD34+Lin− hematopoietic progenitors was determined in a feeder cell coculture system and assayed by quantitating progenitor cell numbers, CD34+ cell numbers, and numbers of differentiated cell types. The number of hematopoietic progenitor cells was markedly affected by exposure to stromal cell layers expressing Wnt genes with 10- to 20-fold higher numbers of mixed colony-forming units (CFU-MIX), 1.5- to 2.6-fold higher numbers of CFU-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM), and greater than 10-fold higher numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) in the Wnt -expressing cocultures compared with the controls. Colony formation by cells expanded on the Wnt -expressing cocultures was similar for each of the three genes, indicating similar action on primitive progenitor cells; however, Wnt-10B showed differential activity on erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) compared with Wnt-5A and Wnt-2B . Cocultures containing Wnt-10B alone or in combination with all three Wnt genes had threefold to fourfold lower BFU-E colony numbers than the Wnt-5A – or Wnt-2B –expressing cocultures. The frequency of CD34+ cells was higher in Wnt -expressing cocultures and cellular morphology indicated that coculture in the presence of Wnt genes resulted in higher numbers of less differentiated hematopoietic cells and fewer mature cells than controls. These data indicate that the gene products of the Wnt family function as hematopoietic growth factors, and that they may exhibit higher specificity for earlier progenitor cells. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Risk of Pseudoarthrosis After Spinal Fusion: Analysis From the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project

Background Pseudoarthrosis after spinal fusion is an important cause of pain, neurologic decline, and reoperation. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases were queried in New York, California, Florida, and Washington for adult patients who had undergone new spinal fusion from 2009 to 2011. In accordance with the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project methods series and analysis guidelines, generalized linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the odds of experiencing postoperative pseudoarthrosis as a function of multivariable patient characteristics, comorbidities, and surgical approach. Results Of the 107,420 patients who had undergone cervical fusion, 1295 (1.2%) developed pseudoarthrosis requiring reoperation. On multivariable analysis, the risk factors included posterior (odds ratio [OR], 4.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.92–5.10) and combined (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.33–2.36) approaches, fusion of ≥9 vertebrae (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.38–4.68), smoking (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.34), and long-term steroid use (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.18–3.00). Of the 148,081 patients who underwent thoracic or lumbar fusion, 2665 (1.8%) developed pseudoarthrosis. Posterior (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.51–0.56) and combined (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.40–0.54) approaches resulted in reduced rates. Fusion of 4–8 vertebrae (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.39–1.67), ≥9 vertebrae (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.49–2.34), hypertension (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09–1.28), sleep apnea (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.26–1.72), smoking (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12–1.33), and long-term steroid use (OR, 1.53, 95% CI, 1.08–2.18) resulted in increased rates. Conclusions These findings strongly associate several diagnoses with the development of pseudoarthrosis. However, further prospective studies are warranted to establish causation.
Manage OpenMP GPU Data Environment Under Unified Address Space

OpenMP has supported the offload of computations to accelerators such as GPUs since version 4.0. A crucial aspect in OpenMP offloading is to manage the accelerator data environment. Currently, this has to be explicitly programmed by users, which is non-trival and often results in suboptimal performance. The unified memory feature available in recent GPU architectures introduces another option, implicit management. However, our experiments show that it incurs several performance issues, especially under GPU memory oversubscription. In this paper, we propose a compiler and runtime collaborative approach to manage OpenMP GPU data under unified memory. In our framework, the compiler performs data reuse analysis to assist runtime data management. The runtime combines static and dynamic information to make optimized data management decisions. We have implement the proposed technology in the LLVM framework. The evaluation shows our method can achieve significant performance improvement for OpenMP GPU offloading.
High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Model Data Analytics Derived on the Open Science Grid to Assist Wildland Fire Weather Assessment

AbstractTerabytes of weather data are generated every day by gridded model simulations and in situ and remotely sensed observations. With this accelerating accumulation of weather data, efficient c...
Pregnant women in treatment for opioid use disorder: Material hardships and psychosocial factors.

Abstract Background While pregnant women in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) face considerable challenges, common material hardships– food insecurity and housing instability, known to negatively impact maternal-child health, have been inadequately researched within this population. This study describes food/housing hardships and evaluates associations with key psychosocial factors. Methods A single-site prospective study, 100 3rd trimester women receiving prenatal care and medication-assisted treatment for OUD were interviewed, including screening for food/housing hardships, depressive symptoms, intimate partner vulnerability; and self-reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) history. We developed a three-level categorization combining food/housing screening outcomes: 1) “both insecure”; 2) “either secure”; and 3) “both secure”. Bivariate analyses and linear path analyses evaluated associations among psychosocial variables using “both secure” as the referent group. Results Of 100 women, 56% reported food insecurity; 61% housing instability; 42% “both insecure”; 33% “either insecure”; 25% “both secure”. In unadjusted food/housing groups “either insecure” and “both insecure” reported significantly greater depressive symptoms; “both insecure” additionally reported significantly greater intimate partner vulnerability. Path analyses adjusted for PTSD and compared with “both secure” (adjusted mean = 6.2): “either insecure” had greater depressive symptom scores (adjusted means = 9.8, p = .01) while “both insecure” had greater depressive scores (adjusted means 10.5, p = .002). In addition, “both insecure” had a clinically important 5.7 point greater intimate partner vulnerability score. There were no significant interactions between food/housing and PTSD. Conclusions Even in women receiving prenatal care and treatment for OUD, food/housing material hardships and associated psychosocial factors are of major concern, requiring screening and remediation.
The Hegemon’s Post-Soviet Hangover

These large volumes (from 375 to 703 pages) cover broad swathes of Russia’s 1917–18 revolutionary experience and can serve as synecdoche for post-Soviet Russian historiography’s robust ongoing inve...
Nonlinear Chiral Meta-Mirrors: Enabling Technology for Ultrafast Switching of Light Polarization.

Photonic nanostructures that realize ultrafast switching of light polarization are essential to advancements in the area of optical information processing. The unprecedented flexibility of metasurf...
Opioid Addiction/Pregnancy and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS): A Preliminary Open-Label Study of Buprenorphine Maintenance and Drug Use Targeted Psychotherapy (DUST) on Cessation of Addictive Drug Use.

Background: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is common, expensive, and hurts opioid addicted women and their families. Current treatments do not sufficiently address comorbid addictions, especially tobacco use, among pregnant buprenorphine-maintained women. Methods: 25 consecutive admissions of pregnant, opioid addicted women were treated with buprenorphine maintenance and a novel intervention for pregnant opioid addicted patients, Drug Use Targeted Therapy (DUST). DUST entails a combination of informing women about the impact of various drugs on their fetus, discussing the woman’s thinking about these consequences of drug use, and varying the frequency of psychotherapy; increasing if addictive drugs are used and decreasing if the woman wishes when drug use is stopped. Results: 20/25 remained in treatment until delivery. All 20 women were using addictive drugs at admission. None were planned pregnancies. There was a high prevalence of emotional, physical or sexual abuse, criminal behavior, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and chronic pain. Nineteen stopped all addictive drugs. NAS was present for 5 out of 19 newborns with a duration of hospitalization from 4 – 6 days. Conclusions: This preliminary open-label case series found that pregnant buprenorphine maintained women can stop tobacco. What has sometimes been termed “neonatal opioid abstinence syndrome” may most accurately be termed, “neonatal opioid/tobacco abstinence syndrome.” If the treatment effectively addresses tobacco use, other addictive drugs are rarely used. DUST resulted in a 95% quit rate for addictive drugs. Pilot data on this new intervention is limited; a case series that does not have a corresponding control group.
Self-perceived risk for diabetes among non-diabetic adolescents with overweight/obesity: Findings from NHANES.

Abstract Aims The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among adolescents in the United States continues to rise, following the trajectory of the obesity epidemic which posits not only a substantial health burden to our society, but also a significant threat to the wellbeing of America’s youth. While a number of studies have explored the perception of the risk for developing diabetes in the adult population in the United States, this data is minimal for the adolescent population. In this study, we examined the self-perceived risk of diabetes among adolescents with overweight/obesity. Methods Cross-sectional study of 808 non-diabetic U.S. adolescents overweight or obese, ages 12–19, who completed a physical exam and in-home interview during the 2011–2014 National Heath and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). Results Of adolescents with obesity, African Americans (aOR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.51) and Hispanic Americans (aOR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.90) were significantly less likely to perceive themselves as being at risk for developing diabetes/prediabetes compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Additionally, individuals with overweight (aOR 13.1, 95% CI: 4.54, 37.5) and obesity (aOR 3.40, 95% CI: 1.71, 6.74) who had been informed by their physician that they were at risk for diabetes, were significantly more likely to perceive themselves to be at risk for diabetes. Conclusions Significant racial differences exist in the self-perceived risk for diabetes among U.S. adolescents with overweight and obesity. Further investigation focused on preventing the development of diabetes among at-risk adolescents who do not comprehend their risk, i.e. through more effective healthcare communication, is warranted.
Songs from Sweden: Shaping Pop Culture in a Globalized Music Industry

Most studies in music geography fall into one of two categories: (1) using music to explore place, where music is the focus of study and particular elements about place and meaning are derived thro...
Advances and challenges in CO2 foam technologies for enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs

Abstract The use of surfactants for foam generation and gas-mobility control to improve oil recovery of CO2 flooding processes has been extensively studied. This review covers the most important aspects regarding the design of CO2-foams for mobility control in carbonate reservoirs, including recent advances in the formulation of novel surfactants, analytical techniques to determine key properties such as adsorption and thermal stability, and bench-scale visualization systems of foam flow. Several key concepts regarding foam transport in porous media are reviewed such as the minimum pressure gradient, the effect of the partition coefficient for CO2-soluble surfactants, and the effect of oil on foam stability and rheology. This work also discusses the most recent advances of two major foam modeling methods, the semi-empirical STARS foam model and the population balance model, along with recent CO2 foam pilot tests and the elements governing success in foam deployment and oil recovery.
Assessing Student and Instructor Satisfaction with Using an Audience Response System in Introductory Business Courses

Instructors at all levels of education are constantly searching for ways to keep their students engaged in a course. The authors of this study survey their introductory business students regarding the use of an audience response device (i.e., “clicker”) during classroom lectures to ascertain whether the students find the use of these devices to be worthwhile. The overwhelming majority of students report that their use of the clicker enhanced their classroom participation and that they enjoyed using the apparatus. The authors also provide their own perceptions on the clickers, in addition to describing the latest classroom remote technology, the use of iPhones, Androids, and other similar devices as classroom response gadgets.
An Instructional Model That Exploits Pervasive Computing

For computing to have a significant impact on teaching and learning, it is clear that each and every child needs to have a computing device for their own personal use 24/7. In our chapter we predict that a disruption will occur in the near term and that cellular phone technology will be used in primary and secondary education as the primary personal computing device, in addition to its use as a voice communication tool. In preparation for this disruption, we describe how a virtual learning environment (VLE), running on a mobile computer, can be used to effectively support a project-based learning (PBL) pedagogy. While this disruption is more likely to take place in developed nations first, given the already considerable penetration of cellular technology amongst youth, there are indications that dramatic change is also occurring already in developing nations.
Substance P attenuates gastric mucosal hyperemia after stimulation of sensory neurons in the rat stomach

Abstract Background/Aims: Sensory neurons in the stomach mucosa are closely apposed to mast cells and blood vessels. Mucosal hyperemia, after exposure to capsaicin, is mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from these neurons, which also contain substance P (SP). However, the role of this peptide in blood flow regulation remains unclear. Therefore, this study examines the effect of SP on capsaicin-induced mucosal hyperemia and mast cells. Methods: Gastric mucosal blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flow velocimetry in chambered rat stomachs. SP, aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor), and ketotifen (mast cell stabilizer) were infused into the splenic artery of rats. Mast cells were counted by microscopy. Results: Mucosal exposure to capsaicin (640 (μmol/L) evoked a 70% increase in mucosal blood flow, which was abolished by SP, whereas aprotinin infused with SP and pretreatment with ketotifen before SP infusion restored the hyperemic response. Morphometry showed that ketotifen inhibited mast cell degranulation in SP-treated animals. Preservation of mast cells in SP-treated rats was linearly correlated to increased mucosal blood flow after exposure to capsaicin. Conclusions: These data suggest that SP participates in regulation of gastric mucosal blood flow by activation of mast cells most likely by releasing proteases from mast cells that cleave and inactivate CGRP.
Dimensions of the meal

The Five Aspects Meal Model (FAMM) integrates the main elements of the meal experience. But there is a need to put the meal into a much broader perspective in order to fully understand and appreciate the complexity of the meal. This paper will present the meal from a multidisciplinary perspective, with many different yet complementary views of meals.
Fault current limiters for transmission & distribution networks

In the liberalised electricity market, with strong emphasis on renewable energy as an increasing part of the generation mix, much of the geographically distributed new generation is more economically fed into local distribution network operators' (DNO's) networks rather than the primary transmission grid. Continuing growth in power demand, the use of intelligent/active networks and the addition of distributed generation, (DG) which allows multi-directional power flow, all require tighter interconnections. All of these tend to raise the fault current level of existing networks. Fault Current Limiters (FCL) can help networks to limit this rise, particularly of asymmetrical fault current when X/R ratios are also increased by local addition of generators, transformers or series inductors. A suitably priced reliable FCL that could be introduced into existing power grids without excessively costly network analysis would be welcomed by utilities if it minimised costs of upgrading or reinforcing components to handle fault conditions while allowing increased normal power transmission. The FCL may also become attractive at transmission level voltages, 132 kV and higher.
Pseudo-characteristic functions for convex polyhedra.

An algorithm is given for constructing polynomials that determine approximately whether a point $p$ is inside or outside a given polyhedron $C_n$ in Euclidean $n$-dimensional space. The polynomials are of degree $2r$, where $r$ is a positive integer and the order of the approximation can be made arbitrarily small by taking $r$ sufficiently large. For $n=2$, the square, triangle, trapezoid, and pentagon are used as examples. For $n=3$ and $n=4$, the tetrahedron and equilateral simplex are used as examples. We conjecture that the center of mass of the region determined by the approximating polynomial is the same for all values of $r$, and hence coincides with the center of the polyhedra.
William Norris: An Unrecorded Glimpse of Halifax's Theatre Royal in 1830

In the James E. Murdoch Papers at the Harvard Theatre Collection, Harvard College Library, the author of this article has discovered details of Murdoch's visit to Halifax in 1830. As well as providing a valuable commentary on Halifax theatre at the time, the Murdoch Papers offer us an informative account of the young actor's humorous experience on an early Canadian stage. C'est en fouillant dans les papiers de James E. Murdoch, conserves a la Bibliotheque de Harvard College (Harvard Theatre Collection) que l'auteur a retrouve des details interessants sur la visite que fit Murdoch a Halifax en 1830. Les papiers de Murdoch, tout en nous offrant un commentaire utile sur le theâtre de son epoque, fournissent aussi le recit instructif de la carriere mouvementee de ce jeune comedien, aux debuts de la scene canadienne-anglaise.
Priority Telephony System with Pricing Alternatives

Dynamic pricing schemes in telecommunication networks were traditionally employed to create users’ incentives in such a way that the overall utilization is improved and profits are maximized. However, such schemes create frustration to users, since there is no guarantee that they would get services at the anticipated prices. In this paper, we propose a pricing scheme for priority telephony systems that provides alternatives to users. Users can choose between a) a dynamic price scheme that provides a superior quality of service or b) a fixed low price with acceptable performance degradation. Our results verify that the proposed pricing scheme improves the overall system utilization and yet guarantees users’ satisfaction.
Dependence of Protease Secretion by Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens on Arginine and Its Possible Relation to Site of Synthesis

Washed cells of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens, when harvested from media that supported protease biosynthesis, continued to release this extracellular enzyme in phosphate buffer. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) halted the secretion. If zinc ions were added to the EDTA-treated cells before 45 to 60 min had elapsed, a fraction of the anticipated enzyme activity was observed. After 60 min, arginine and phosphate, in addition to zinc, were necessary for the demonstration of proteolytic activity. The enzyme that was released was newly formed, because chloramphenicol, puromycin, or actinomycin D prevented its appearance. Energy for this synthetic reaction was obtained, apparently, from arginine; lactose could not be substituted for arginine. This last point is interpreted to mean that extracellular protease biosynthesis occurs in a localized area or cellular compartment into which the adenosine triphosphate derived from the fermentation of lactose cannot diffuse. No evidence was found for a protease zymogen, although this possibility is not completely precluded.
Determination of magnesium and calcium in urine.

A procedure for the determination of both calcium and magnesium in urine is described. The method consists of the separation of calcium from magnesium and individual spectrophotometric titrations of each using EDTA as a complexometric reagent and murexide and eriochrome black T as indicators. Recoveries have proven very satisfactory.
Dispositional motivations and genetic risk feedback

This study examined interest in genetic testing for lung cancer susceptibility among college students, a group whose smoking rates have increased significantly in the last decade. Sixteen smokers who participated in focus group discussions indicated a generally high level of interest in testing. They also indicated that knowledge of genetic susceptibility would make them feel anxious and motivate them to quit smoking. The study also examined, in a separate sample of undergraduate smokers (n=186), whether these outcomes depend on personality differences in threat sensitivity-responsiveness of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)--and reward sensitivity--responsiveness of the behavioral activation system (BAS). Smokers completed measures of personality and risk perceptions at baseline and rated risk perceptions, affect, and likelihood of changing smoking behavior in response to 2 hypothetical risk feedback scenarios (high vs. low risk). Smokers higher in reward sensitivity (reward responsiveness) evidenced greater interest in taking genetic tests. If a test indicated elevated risk smokers higher in reward responsiveness would perceive themselves at increased risk and attempt to quit smoking. Threat sensitive smokers would react with greater negative affect. Overall, results indicate that genetic biomarker feedback is a motivator for college student smokers to quit and would be more effective among smokers high in reward sensitivity.
Lesbian Community Oughts and Ideals: Normative Fit, Depression, and Anxiety Among Young Sexual Minority Women

Our study investigated the importance of the lesbian community and the perceived fit of personal characteristics and behavior with the norms of this community as predictors of depression and anxiety among Young Sexual Minority Women (YSMW) aged 18–35 years. YSMW (n = 504) completed an online survey in which they reported their degree of identification with the lesbian community, described their sexual minority selves, and rated how far away these descriptions were from their own standards, as well as perceived lesbian community standards, for the person they ought to be and would ideally like to be. Consistent with self-discrepancy theory, falling short of both self and lesbian community ideal standards uniquely predicted depression whereas discrepancies from both ought standards related to anxiety. Furthermore, the links to lesbian community standards were moderated by identification with the lesbian community such that discrepancies from community ideal and ought standards were more strongly associated ...
Progressive resistance in a single strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus recovered during a nonsocomial outbreak

A study was undertaken to investigate a nosocomial outbreak of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The outbreak occurred in a shock-trauma intensive care unit (ICU) during a 6-month period and involved a total of 37 cases. Although no deaths were attributable to Acinetobacter, 60% of patients from whom Acinetobacter was isolated were determined to have a lower respiratory tract infection. A significant difference (p less than 0.05) was noted between the length to stay in the unit of patients who acquired Acinetobacter (mean 23.9 days) and of those who remained free of the organism (mean 2.58 days). The average day on which cultures first became positive was 14.85. During the last 3 months of the outbreak, the ICU Acinetobacter isolates developed an unusual pattern of aminoglycoside resistance that differed significantly (p less than 0.001) from the sensitivities of non-ICU Acinetobacter isolates. No plasmids could be detected in selected aminoglycoside-resistance Acinetobacter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated concurrently from patients with Acinetobacter showed no abnormal variation in antimicrobial sensitivities. These findings were interpreted to mean that the outbreak was the result of the persistence of a single strain of A. calcoaceticus within the ICU. Termination of the outbreak was attributed to initiation of control measures.