cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Domain-General Cognitive Resources and Different Forms of Arithmetic Development to Pre-Algebraic Knowledge

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of domain-general cognitive resources and different forms of arithmetic development to individual differences in pre-algebraic knowledge. Children (n 279, mean age 7.59 years) were assessed on 7 domain-general cognitive resources as well as arithmetic calculations and word problems at start of 2nd grade and on calculations, word problems, and pre-algebraic knowledge at end of 3rd grade. Multilevel path analysis, controlling for instructional effects associated with the sequence of classrooms in which students were nested across Grades 2–3, indicated arithmetic calculations and word problems are foundational to pre-algebraic knowledge. Also, results revealed direct contributions of nonverbal reasoning and oral language to pre-algebraic knowledge, beyond indirect effects that are mediated via arithmetic calculations and word problems. By contrast, attentive behavior, phonological processing, and processing speed contributed to pre-algebraic knowledge only indirectly via arithmetic calculations and word problems.
Minimizing genetic adaptation in captive breeding programs: A review

Captive breeding for species of conservation concern is the act of bringing rare or endangered animals into captivity with the hope of rearing sustained captive populations for eventual reintroduction into the wild. Within captivity, genetic changes can occur that may reduce a species’ ability to persist once a population is reintroduced back into its natural habitat. We sought to determine the efficacy of recommendations made to minimize genetic adaptation to captivity by addressing the following questions: (i) Are these recommendations already being carried out in captive programs? (ii) How practical is each recommendation? and (iii) Which recommendations call for future investigation? We performed an extensive search of the published literature for studies of non-domestic, non-model, captive animals in which the investigators used and reported a strategy that can minimize genetic adaptation to the captive environment. We found different forms of each recommendation already being executed in captive programs to varying degrees. In all, we reviewed 90 articles covering four broad categories of strategies. We conclude that the best approach to minimize genetic adaptation is to reduce the number of generations that a species spends in captivity. If this is not possible, then we suggest attempting to minimize generations first by delaying reproduction and then by cryopreservation of germplasm. Other strategies are effective to varying degrees depending on the species’ natural history. A large gap in the current literature is the interactive effects of
Urban land cover classification from high resolution multi-spectral IKONOS imagery

We analyzed the effectiveness of generating urban land cover maps from IKONOS imagery. 1-m PAN and 4-m MS IKONOS images were combined to produce two pan-sharpened MS images (PS-MS) with 1-m resolution. The fusion was done with the original 11-bit data and also by scaling the original data to only 8-bits. A parallelepiped supervised classification algorithm was used to process the two PS-MS images as well as the original 4-m MS image. Seven urban land cover classes were used in this study: woods, grass, water, bare soil, commercial building, impervious, and shadow. The classification accuracy was assessed using 256 pixels that were randomly distributed throughout the test site and were independent of the training sites used by the supervised classification algorithm. The results show that classification accuracies on the order of 75-80% are obtained. The best results are obtained using the 4-band 11-bit 1-m PS-MS image, and this yielded an overall accuracy of 83%.
A 65 nm 2-Billion Transistor Quad-Core Itanium Processor

This paper describes an Itanium processor implemented in 65 nm process with 8 layers of Cu interconnect. The 21.5 mm by 32.5 mm die has 2.05B transistors. The processor has four dual-threaded cores, 30 MB of cache, and a system interface that operates at 2.4 GHz at 105degC . High speed serial interconnects allow for peak processor-to-processor bandwidth of 96 GB/s and peak memory bandwidth of 34 GB/s.
From 'Institutional' to 'Structural' Corruption: Rethinking Accountability in a World of Public-Private Partnerships

This paper invites us to radically rethink the concept of accountability and to design new solutions to the problem of corruption. It identifies and critiques both the “public-sector” and the “modernizationist” biases which characterize dominant approaches to the study of corruption. It maintains that corruption is a matter of political domination, structural impunity (especially for the private sector) and social disempowerment. The fundamental remedy, therefore, lies in significant doses of civic and economic democracy. The paper offers a new “structural” approach to corruption as well as a new “democratic-expansive” understanding of transparency. These approaches are particularly important in the wake of the generalization of Public-Private Partnerships throughout the developing world. The important achievements in recent decades with regard to the transparency and oversight of government entities are being eclipsed by the opacity under which the private sector carries out its new public responsibilities. The heuristic devices developed in this paper will help to better understand how the new “structural pluralism” of public authority presents unique challenges for accountability, transparency and democracy.
Aquinas on Quality

For Kant, Aristotle's categories are arbitrary but brilliant and they do not ultimately correspond to extramental reality. For Aquinas, however, they are rational divisions of extramental being. In this perennial and ongoing dispute, the various positions seem to dissolve upon delving into the particulars of any one category. If, however, the categories are divisions of extramental being, it should be possible to offer plausible accounts of particular categories. I offer Aquinas's unstudied derivation of quality as a test case to see how one could hold, and how Aquinas did hold, to a realism about Aristotle's categories at a highly specific level. Although Aristotle divides quality into four species and some further subspecies, unlike Aquinas, he offers no reasons for these divisions. For Aquinas each accident is a particular mode of existing, that is, it is a particular way that an accident exists in a substance. In the case of quality, this mode of existing follows substantial form and its real extramen...
Development of MEMS Power Sensor Package

This article presents the design, fabrication, and packaging of advanced MEMS in high power applications. The advanced MEMS devices are used as a power sensor to detect high current in a distributed power network. We designed and fabricated an M × N array of low power MEMS switches to handle high power which are mass actuated by an external magnetic field. The array of MEMS devices has been packaged in a conventional package and testing was performed to validate its operation. The switching time was very compatible with the existing solid state switches with much higher order of power capability.
New evidence on the effect of belief heterogeneity on stock returns

We develop a new measure to examine the effect of the heterogeneity of beliefs among investors on stock returns. Our initial results do not support the information asymmetry hypothesis or the sidelined investor hypothesis (and thus are consistent with the unbiased prices hypothesis). However, since the first two hypotheses make opposite predictions regarding stock returns, they may both have merit but offset one another. Further analysis suggests that this is indeed the case. Overall, our results support both the information asymmetry and sidelined investor hypotheses and thus occupy middle ground in the debate on the effect of disagreement on stock returns.
In the Wake of Financial Crisis

Neo-liberal deregulatory and privatization policies gradually swept away Depression-era restrictions on financial institutions that had provided a staid, conservative, and robust financial system. The erosions of prudent limitations ultimately led to an insatiable demand for short-term profits to feed outsized compensation packages. Speculative proprietary trading desks gambled with other people’s money. An out-of-sight “shadow” banking system developed that also engaged in market speculation, often utilizing financial derivatives. Financial innovations meant debt was extraordinarily profitable for the system, although it created harsh pressures on an overworked and underpaid American consumer and unrealistic expectations of ongoing financial institution profits from securitizations. The result was a financial crisis involving the near-implosion of global banking and trillions in taxpayer-funded relief for the global financial system, with a cascading and disastrous effect on U.S. communities, jobs, and individual livelihoods. This article, growing out of a December 2009 presentation at an IMF conference, explores the causes of the financial crisis, and whether or to what extent fair value accounting rules were culpable. In particular, it considers the expressed concern that fair value accounting’s mark-to-market rules create a pro-cyclical effect that creates panics and insolvencies that would otherwise be nonexistent and are sufficiently central that they could trigger the near-collapse. The article argues that fair value accounting is not the villain it is made out to be. On the other hand, the article suggests that off-balance sheet securitization was a genuine factor in the crisis that should be addressed. The article briefly discusses reforms proposed by the Treasury Department and included in the Dodd-Frank reform legislation. It concludes with a concern that the main causative factors remain only partially remedied to date.
Ralph Ellison's Technological Humanism

Ralph Ellison emerged onto the literary scene as the concept of human rights was being formulated on the political one. He began crafting Invisible Man (1952) in 1945, four years after Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave his “Four Freedoms” State of the Union address to Congress. The “essential human freedoms” that Roosevelt hoped to instill across the world included freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear—lofty international ambitions for a country that regularly denied these freedoms to its African American citizens. For Roosevelt and many Americans, these ideals were closely associated with the abstract notion of “technological progress.” In fact, the “Four Freedoms” address listed “[t]he enjoyment of the fruits of scientific progress” alongside “the preservation of civil liberties for all” as parallel values that Americans demand from their government. Roosevelt’s faith in the “fruits of scientific progress” echoed a gradual shift in American political thought. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, politicians began to portray science-based technological production as an end in itself rather than as a means to facilitate social change. Leo Marx and Merritt Roe Smith characterize this “technological determinism” as the process by which “a complex event is made to seem the inescapable yet strikingly plausible result of a technological innovation” (xi). In the context of this influential ideology, President Roosevelt could promise that government-sponsored initiatives such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Rural Electrification Administration would improve every American’s life, and thousands would believe him. While many Americans invested in the hope that technological development would beget social progress, the international community began to elaborate on the concept of human rights more rigorously. On 23 October 1947, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) sent W. E. B. Du Bois’s An Appeal to the World to the United Nations (UN). Subtitled A Statement on the Denial of Human Rights to Minorities in the Case of Citizens of Negro Descent in the United States of America and an Appeal to the United Nations for Redress, this document raised international alarm about human rights abuses against African American citizens. In 1948, the UN expanded Roosevelt’s
Managed Care and Consumer Protection: What are the Issues?

Despite its many advantages, managed care creates new problems for consumers. Activists have proposed four types of remedies: (1) increased information and choice; (2) standards for services and marketing; (3) administrative oversight; and (4) procedural due process for complaints. Each approach offers some benefits, but they are insufficient to cope with consumer problems. What is lacking is effective, organized consumer advocacy.
An error-resilient non-volatile magneto-elastic universal logic gate with ultralow energy-delay product

A long-standing goal of computer technology is to process and store digital information with the same device in order to implement new architectures. One way to accomplish this is to use nanomagnetic logic gates that can perform Boolean operations and then store the output data in the magnetization states of nanomagnets, thereby doubling as both logic and memory. Unfortunately, many of these nanomagnetic devices do not possess the seven essential characteristics of a Boolean logic gate : concatenability, non-linearity, isolation between input and output, gain, universal logic implementation, scalability and error resilience. More importantly, their energy-delay products and error rates tend to vastly exceed that of conventional transistor-based logic gates, which is unacceptable. Here, we propose a non-volatile voltage-controlled nanomagnetic logic gate that possesses all the necessary characteristics of a logic gate and whose energy-delay product is two orders of magnitude less than that of other nanomagnetic (non-volatile) logic gates. The error rate is also superior.
Automated translation of architectural models for energy simulation

In the early stages of building design, architects rapidly produce, explore, analyze, and eliminate design options. Ideally, energy analysis should accompany and inform each design option, but in reality, the creation of building models for thermal simulation is too slow to keep up with the pace of design exploration. This paper describes a framework for rapid energy analysis of architectural early design models. The framework consists of a flexible modeling protocol to be followed by the user, a standard communication protocol that may be implemented in virtually any architectural modeling software as a script or plug-in, and a translation protocol for automated production of energy models to be run in a stand-alone program simultaneously with the modeling environment. A prototype implementation of these protocols has successfully performed EnergyPlus analysis of early design stage architectural models created in SketchUp, Grasshopper for Rhinoceros, and 3ds Max. This allows timely feedback on building energy consumption to be displayed side-by-side with an actively changing architectural model.
Abstract 2188: A high throughput RNAi screen for regulators of thioredoxin in pancreatic cancer cells identifies components of TGFβ-signaling as inducers of thioredoxin expression

Thioredoxin (Txn), thioredoxin reductase (TxnR) and NADPH comprise a thioredoxin system which exists in nearly all living cells functioning in multi-facetted processes in mammalian cells. These include thiol-dependent thiol-disulfide exchange reactions crucial to control the redox homeostasis, cellular growth, defense against oxidative stress and control of apoptosis. Thioredoxin expression has been observed to be elevated in some types of human cancer and has been shown to confer resistance to chemotherapy or radiation-induced apoptosis. It has also been shown that elevated levels of thioredoxin contribute to the carcinogenic process and invasive phenotype of cancer. Identifying key inducers of thioredoxin expression in cancer cells will permit us to specifically target these components with the goal of improving the clinical outcome of treatment of patients with thioredoxin overexpressing cancers. Here, we describe a functional genomic screen designed to identify inducers of thioredoxin expression in which a library of 7040 small interfering RNAs (targeting human kinome and druggable genes) was screened for their ability to block the expression of endogenous thioredoxin in the pancreatic cancer cell line, MiaPaCa2. The primary screen identified numerous potential inducers of thioredoxin expression and, through the use of extensive validation of all these potential hits, yielded 21 high confidence genes that have not previously been associated with the induction of thioredoxin expression. Six of these target genes were associated with TGFβ signaling and selected for this study. Downregulation of these genes strongly inhibited the expression of endogenous thioredoxin in the MiaPaCa pancreatic cancer and other cancer cell lines. Moreover, treating MiaPaCa2 cells with TGF-β1 induced the expression of thioredoxin. TGF-β1-induced expression of thioredoxin is mediated through SMAD2, SNL2, ITGAV, ITGb3 and SP1 thus showing that our study uncovers new aspects of thioredoxin regulation. Collectively, these observations offer several insights on how thioredoxin mediates tumor growth and demonstrates the utility of large-scale RNAi screens in mammalian cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2188.
DIVISION ON THE MOUNTAIN SLOP DEBRIS FLOW RISKS ALONG RAILWAY

The mountain slope debris flow(MSDF) was a kind of embryonic form debris flow which occurred on the stiff slope of the mountain railways.The MSDF hazards were occurred frequently on the Chengdu Kunming Railway.On the basis of the formation cause of the mountain slop debris flow,this paper provides a judgement model for divison of the MSDF risk,and has divided the hazard degrees of the MSDF along Chengdu Kunming railway into 10 regions.
Grassroots the centers for disease control and the floating of population health education and tuberculosis nursing experience

Objective In the discussion grassroots centers for disease control and the floating population tuberculosis in the health of the role of education and care,and provided the help for tuberculosis.Methods Collect my county since the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 years of two phase flow population of TB clinic and treatment,Two phase flow analysis population tuberculosis person registration rate of new smear positive,knowledge of tuberculosis awareness,treatment adherence and complications in areas such as systems comparison.Results Through education and health care will work in the first place and strengthen supervision management,the patient treatment adherence improved obviously,floating population tuberculosis registered rate of smear positive case and new patient of visit rate,knowledge of tuberculosisawareness,treatment adherence all have been improved obviously,complications drop year by year,it learn statistically significant differences in this.Conclusion Health education and nursing work for floating population in the prevention and control of TB is playing a positive role,improve the treatment effect of the tuberculosis and management effect.
NanoBRET--A Novel BRET Platform for the Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions.

Dynamic interactions between proteins comprise a key mechanism for temporal control of cellular function and thus hold promise for development of novel drug therapies. It remains technically challenging, however, to quantitatively characterize these interactions within the biologically relevant context of living cells. Although, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has often been used for this purpose, its general applicability has been hindered by limited sensitivity and dynamic range. We have addressed this by combining an extremely bright luciferase (Nanoluc) with a means for tagging intracellular proteins with a long-wavelength fluorophore (HaloTag). The small size (19 kDa), high emission intensity, and relatively narrow spectrum (460 nm peak intensity) make Nanoluc luciferase well suited as an energy donor. By selecting an efficient red-emitting fluorophore (635 nm peak intensity) for attachment onto the HaloTag, an overall spectral separation exceeding 175 nm was achieved. This combinati...
Clinical experience with heparinless venoarterial bypass without oxygenation for the treatment of acute cardiogenic shock.

Animal experiments have shown that acutely damaged hearts may recover when the circulation is supported by heparinless venoarterial bypass without oxygenation (HL-VAB) at flow rates not exceeding one third of the cardiac output. The technique of HL-VAB was subsequently applied to 6 adult patients on seven occasions for the treatment of cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction, open-heart surgery, and prophylactic circulatory support during the induction of anesthesia. The following beneficial effects were noted: (1) Hypotension associated with anesthesia was corrected immediately by HL-VAB; (2) HL-VAB can elevate blood pressure and permit cardiac catherization and angiography in patients with acute cardiogenic shock; (3) the patient with postoperative cardiac failure can be supported with HL-VAB for hours or days without the use of heparin; and (4) severe pulmonary edema can be reversed by HL-VAB in the fashion of a continuous phlebotomy. In 5 of the 6 patients, HL-VAB was successfully discontinued from 1 hour, 38 minutes to 47 hours, 51 minutes of circulatory support. HL-VAB is simple and efficient and can be instituted at the bedside under local anesthesia.
MRI Methods in Bilingual Reading Comprehension

This chapter reviews developments in bilingual reading comprehension from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional connectivity analysis, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Networks involved in orthographic, semantic, and syntactic levels of processing are discussed, considering language-specific processing requirements and the role of age of acquisition and proficiency. Reading in the first (L1) and second language (L2) is subserved by largely overlapping networks, with additional recruitment for language-specific aspects of processing. Semantic access is largely shared, while syntactic processing in particular is affected by individual differences in language acquisition. L2 acquisition builds on the existing L1 system and, as L2 proficiency improves, processing becomes more native-like, substantiating the convergence hypothesis. Increased activity in a cognitive control network during effortful L2 reading provides support for an anatomically and functionally distinct task system during comprehension, as predicted by the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus Model (BIA+). Converging evidence from fMRI and other techniques is considered to illustrate the power of combining methodologies.
Introduction to landscape ecology

Landscape ecology is one of the youngest branches of ecology. It evolved after World War II in the countries of central and eastern Europe and only recently expanded into a unique, dynamic and integrated global science. Its roots are deep in geography as well as in geobotany and land management.
CHAPTER 10 – Phylogenetic Relationships among the Salmoninae Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

This chapter highlights the phylogenetic relationships among the Salmoninae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Major questions concerning the relationships of the fishes in the subfamily Salmoninae are reviewed and conflicting data are evaluated. It discusses only the North American species because very little molecular data is available on the Russian chars. Intergeneric relationships including taxonomy and status of proposed genera, molecular data on disputed genera, and relationships among genera with their molecular data are explained. It provides a summary of morphological, karyological, and allozyme data with representations for suggested relationships among chars of the genus. A thorough analysis of the conflict between data from mtDNA and nuclear DNA is also provided along with relationships among Taxa in the S. alpinus–S. malma complex species. Some more examples of relationships between different species are provided which cover the morphological data and molecular data from mtDNA Genes and nuclear genes. A table shows comparison of sequence divergence for several nuclear and mitochondrial genes in salmonid fishes.
Children’s Early Non-referential Uses of Mental Verbs, Practical Knowledge, and Abduction

Abduction is reasoning which produces explanatory hypotheses. Models are one basis for such reasoning, and language use can function as a model. I treat children’s early use of mental verbs as a model for dealing with a problem from developmental psychology, namely, how children’s early non-referential use of mental verbs might give children an early grasp of the mental realm. The present paper asks what practical knowledge of mental actions accompanies children’s competent use of mental verbs. I begin with examples of non-referential verb uses and some theories from Diessel and Tomasello (Cognit Linguist 12:97–141, 2001) as bases for discussion. I argue that in using mental verbs non-referentially children understand several kinds of relations which people have to situations. Children learn how to use mental verbs to request someone to search for a situation in the past or in the physical surroundings; they learn to express hopes so as to affect their future; they learn to vouch strongly or weakly for the existence of a situation. In all of these cases it appears that the children’s main focus is on interactions with people, in which one person’s mental action in relation to a situation described in a COMP-clause is intended to have an effect on the other person. Children do not understand the nature or mechanisms of any of these mental actions, but instead focus on practical matters: how to use the verbs to perform certain actions in relation to other people and various situations. It appears that in these early uses children do not view mind as at all separate from the interactional and physical world.
Increasing Epic staging module adherence in an academic cancer center.

64Background: Documenting tumor staging (TS) is an important quality measure from ASCO’s QOPI program as a useful Core component of care. Real-time, actionable TS documentation in structured fields is important to identify patient cohorts for value-based measurement and to trigger patient care interventions. TS at our institution was usually documented in plain text progress notes in our electronic health record (Epic, Verona WI), making it difficult to use for automating support services, clinical trial evaluation, pre-authorization, business operations, value-based initiatives, and clinical research. Methods: Entry of TS into structured fields in the Epic Staging Module was agreed upon as an internal cancer quality measure in Fiscal Year (FY) 16 (9/15 – 8/16). Patients with > 2 visits to an oncology outpatient department and who began surgical, radiation or chemotherapy treatment in the reporting month were included. The physician providing the first treatment was accountable. Monthly physician and pati...
G387(P) More than just a toy: lego-induced epilepsy

Introduction Reflex epilepsy is a condition in which seizures can be provoked by an external stimulus. We present a very rare case of Lego-induced reflex epilepsy. Case A previously well 12 year old boy attended emergency services having been found unconscious by his parents among a pile of Lego. He had no tongue biting, incontinence or preceding aura. He subsequently had three further witnessed generalised seizures, all while playing with Lego. Multiple investigations including ECG, brain MRI and standard EEG were normal. However, a sleep-deprived EEG showed epileptiform activity while playing with Lego. Sodium valproate was commenced and he continued to play with Lego without seizures. On stopping Valproate at the age of 17, he had a further Lego-induced seizure. As he was keen to continue playing with Lego, he recommenced his medication. Just prior to recommencement, he interestingly had a seizure while solving a complex question during his AS level Mathematics Exam. He has remained seizure free since. Discussion The ILAE defines reflex epilepsy as seizures consistently resulting from a specific trigger, without spontaneous seizures otherwise. Triggers may be sensory (commonly photostimulatory) or related to higher cerebral functioning (in our case, related to praxis). To our knowledge, there is only one previous case report of Lego-induced epilepsy in literature. Complex patterns affecting higher cerebral function could explain both seizure types in our patient. Primary management involves removing the trigger. However, when this is not achievable, medical management should be considered. Conclusion The largest potential clues to diagnosis in reflex epilepsies are in history and examination, especially identifying a consistent trigger. Standard stimulation used during EEG recordings such as light and sound may not capture rarer reflex epilepsies. It is therefore vital to organise a concurrent EEG alongside the specific trigger wherever possible to clinch this rare diagnosis.
Accessory Gallbladder Complicating Liver Transplantation.

AbstractAccessory gallbladder in a donor liver allograft is an uncommon anatomical finding that can complicate liver transplantation if unrecognized. This case describes a patient who underwent liver transplantation with a donor graft containing an accessory gallbladder that was obscured during tran
Same agent, different messages: insight into transcriptional regulation by SIN3 isoforms

SIN3 is a global transcriptional coregulator that governs expression of a large repertoire of gene targets. It is an important player in gene regulation, which can repress or activate diverse gene targets in a context-dependent manner. SIN3 is required for several vital biological processes such as cell proliferation, energy metabolism, organ development, and cellular senescence. The functional flexibility of SIN3 arises from its ability to interact with a large variety of partners through protein interaction domains that are conserved across species, ranging from yeast to mammals. Several isoforms of SIN3 are present in these different species that can perform common and specialized functions through interactions with distinct enzymes and DNA-binding partners. Although SIN3 has been well studied due to its wide-ranging functions and highly conserved interaction domains, precise roles of individual SIN3 isoforms have received less attention. In this review, we discuss the differences in structure and function of distinct SIN3 isoforms and provide possible avenues to understand the complete picture of regulation by SIN3.
Modal Strain Energy Based Damage Detection Using Multi-Objective Optimization

Modal strain energy has been reported by researchers as one of the sensitive physical measures that can be used as a damage index in structural health monitoring. Inverse problem-solving based approaches using single-objective optimization algorithms are also one of the promising damage identification methods. However, integration of these potential methods is currently limited with partial success in the detection of structural damages due to errors and noises. In this study, a novel damage detection approach using hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithms is proposed to detect multiple damages in a 3-dimensional steel structure. This study developed an approach to overcome the shortcomings of the single-objective genetic algorithm based approaches using multi-objective formulations for minimizing errors of damage indices between actual damaged structures and simulated damages. The performance of the proposed hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm is compared to that of traditional single-objective optimizations based approaches. This study accurately detects the location and extent of induced multiple minor damages of the laboratory 3-dimensional steel structure.
Rehabilitation für junge Erwachsene mit Epilepsie und leichten intellektuellen Beeinträchtigungen

Hintergrund Ein auf ca. 3 Jahre befristetes stationares Rehabilitationsprogramm der von Bodelschwinghschen Stiftungen Bethel richtet sich an junge Erwachsene mit Epilepsie und leichten intellektuellen Beeintrachtigungen, die mehr Selbststandigkeit und die Optimierung ihrer Epilepsiebehandlung erlangen wollen.
Lyapunov Inequalities and their Applications

For nearly 50 years Lyapunov inequalities have been an important tool in the study of differential equations. In this survey, building on an excellent 1991 historical survey by Cheng, we sketch some new developments in the theory of Lyapunov inequalities and present some recent disconjugacy results relating to second and higher order differential equations as well as Hamiltonian systems.
Connecting the Big Five Taxonomies: Understanding how Individual Traits Contribute to Team Adaptability under Workload Transitions:

Dynamic and data-rich domains, like those found in the military, rely heavily on teamwork for their operations. Previous work has attempted to understand how the personality of individuals contribu...
Frequency of intracranial aneurysms in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Object. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a significant cause of new-onset daily persistent headache. A generalized connective tissue disorder also involving the intracranial arteries has been suspected in the population with SIH. Therefore, the authors reviewed angiographic studies for the presence of intracranial aneurysms in a group of patients with SIH. Methods. Magnetic resonance angiography studies of the brain were performed in 93 patients with SIH (mean age 43 years, range 14–86 years) and in 291 controls (mean age 56 years, range 28–78 years). Results. Intracranial aneurysms were detected in 8 (8.6%) of the 93 patients with SIH (95% CI 2.9%–14.3%). This incidence was higher than in the control population (3 (1.0%) of 291 (95% CI 0%–2.2%; p = 0.0007). In 7 patients the aneurysms were incidental, and in 1 patient SIH developed 5 weeks after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusions. In this retrospective case-control study, the frequency of intracranial aneurysms among patients with SIH was significantly higher than in the control population. (DOI: 10.3171/2011.2.JNS101805)
Long-distance and intercity travel: Who participates in global mobility?

Abstract Long-distance intercity travel has received less attention in planning and research despite its growing importance and the promise that passive mobile data will at last bring origin and destination flow patterns at the national and international scale. The objective of this chapter is to describe some of the most recent data on long-distance travel by residents of the United States (US). Tabulation of federal public data for miles of travel by mode suggests long-distance travel comprises approximately 30% of the passenger miles in the United States and has been growing over time. Consideration of 2016 survey data in Vermont on unmet travel need and 2017 survey data in California on self-reported long trips indicate that there is unmet demand for long-distance travel and that access, or at least participation, in long-distance travel is inequitably related to income and other factors. This differential access to intercity travel may translate to disadvantage in terms of quality of life or social capital. The use of big data to fill the long-standing gap in long-distance travel runs the risk of ignoring those with the inability to participate in global mobility, thereby demonstrating the disproportionate benefits and contributing negative externalities of long-distance travel. This chapter argues that even with the arrival of large quantities of mobile-device location information, those interested in transport equity must remain dedicated to advocacy for long-distance travel surveys that include person-level socioeconomic measures and trip information.
Novel Tractable Bounds on the Lambert Function with Application to Maximum Determinant Problems

The Lambert function $W(x)$, defined as the solution of $W(x) exp (W(x)) = x$, is present in the solution of problems involving exponential or logarithm equations, spanning many disciplines in science and engineering. In this work we develop simple and tractable bounds for its principal branch in its negative domain and show their application in deriving optimality bounds on the Frobenius norm for maximum determinant optimization problems, as well as strengthening previously reported bounds for projectile motion with resistance problems.
Four induced pluripotent stem cell lines (TRNDi021-C, TRNDi023-D, TRNDi024-D and TRNDi025-A) generated from fibroblasts of four healthy individuals

Expanded human skin fibroblast cells from four different aged healthy individuals, 11-year-old female, 1-year-old male, 2-month-old male, and 8-year-old male, were used to generate integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines TRNDi021-C, TRNDi023-D, TRNDi024-D, and TRNDi025-A, respectively, by exogenous expression of four reprogramming factors, human SXO2, OCT3/4, C-MYC, KLF4. The authenticity of established iPSC lines was confirmed by the expressions of stem cell markers, karyotype analysis, and teratoma formation. These iPSC lines could serve as young healthy controls for the studies involving patient-specific iPSCs.
Understanding the effects of contact structures and information sharing on the FMD transmission among beef cattle farms

Moving infected animals and sharing contaminated vehicles are considered as the most potent ways for between-farm disease transmission. The objective of this study is to develop a network-based simulation model to investigate the effects of direct contact, indirect contact, and their combination on a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease spreading between beef-cattle farms in southwest Kansas, US, and explore the effect of different types of information-sharing networks on preventing the disease spreading. Based on synthetic cattle and truck movement data in southwest Kansas, we build a farm-level contact network with three layers, a cattle movement layer (direct contact), a truck movement layer (indirect contact), and an information-sharing layer. Through scenario analyses, we compare the disease transmission dynamics, the distribution of outbreak epidemic size, and the disease breakout percentage of different contact structures -- only direct contact, only indirect contact, and their combination. In addition, we evaluate different types of information sharing methods by comparing the epidemic size and the estimated economic loss. Simulation results show that neither direct contact nor indirect contact individually can result in a massive outbreak of the disease, but their combination plays a significant role. Additionally, we detect different probabilities of disease outbreaks by starting the simulations at different farms; starting at some farms with high capacity increases the probability of disease outbreaks. Three different information sharing-networks are developed and found effective in preventing the disease from spreading and reducing the economic loss. The information-sharing layer based on trading records has the best performance when compared with a random network and a geographic network.
Coexistence of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Autoimmune Diabetes and Pancreatitis

Autoimmune diabetes is a rare but severe endocrine toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. It is unclear if ICI causes selective islet toxicity or non-selective pancreas toxicity. We analyzed 11 patients treated with ICI who developed ICI-related autoimmune diabetes. Eight patients had lipase and/or amylase tested on the same day of diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes. Among them, 75% (6/8) had normal lipase and 100% (6/6) had normal amylase. There was no correlation between glucose level at onset and biochemical pancreatitis. We characterized the clinical features of ICI-induced autoimmune diabetes. Fifty-five percent (6/11) of patients tested positive for GAD65 autoantibodies, and 55% (6/11) developed diabetic ketoacidosis at manifestation of hyperglycemia. In all 11 patients, C-peptide levels were low in the presence of hyperglycemia. ICI-induced thyroiditis was found in 64% (7/11), of which 36% (4/11) were newly diagnosed with thyroiditis while the remaining 27% (3/11) had pre-existing hypothyroidism followed by ICI-induced thyroiditis. Additionally, 27% (3/11), developed ICI-induced hypophysitis. Thyroiditis and autoimmune diabetes coexisted in all patients with ICI-induced hypophysitis. The median time from ICI treatment to the onset of autoimmune diabetes was 11 weeks. Our data suggest that few patients had coexistent ICI-induced autoimmune diabetes and pancreatitis, suggesting ICI mainly caused selective islet toxicity.
Robust Foot Motion Recognition Using Stride Detection and Weak Supervision-Based Fast Labeling

Foot motion recognition in daily life faces two challenges imposed by traditional machine learning frameworks: how to robustly recognize various foot motions from continuous movements in uncontrolled environments, and how to accurately extract ground truths. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a stride detection method to robustly identify each stride (over 99% accuracy). We then investigate two weak supervision-based fast labeling frameworks to automatically label the stride segmentations. Finally, we use these two frameworks to identify foot motions from continuous movements integrated on a route map. The route map can be replaced by a virtual-reality video game to play in daily life so that the user’s long-term foot functionality can be profiled and evaluated. We test our proposed approaches using a smart insole with twenty-two subjects whose movement data are collected through the route map setting while video camera recordings serve as the ground truth. The route map integrates seven foot motions in one complete play, which includes three continuous motions resulted from continuous full-body movements (named as continuous motions) and four intermittent foot motions that are produced repetitively (named as repetitive motions). Compared to the best traditional machine learning methods, our proposed approach improves the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation accuracy of all subjects by 6.12% for the three continuous motions, 2.71% for the four repetitive motions and 4.90% for the total of seven foot motions. In addition, our proposed method saves 25% to 50% time in data labeling.
Unsupervised azimuth estimation of solar arrays in low-resolution satellite imagery through semantic segmentation and Hough transform

Abstract This paper explains the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to segment solar panels in a satellite image containing solar arrays, and extract associated metadata from the arrays. A novel unsupervised technique is introduced to estimate the azimuth of each individual solar panel from the predicted mask of the convolutional neural network. This pipeline was developed with the aim of extracting necessary metadata for a solar installation, using only a set of latitude–longitude coordinates. Azimuth prediction results for 669 individual solar installations associated with 387 sites located across the United States are provided. A mean average error and median average error of 21.65 degrees and 1.0 degrees were obtained, respectively, when predicting the azimuth of the solar fleet data set, with about 80% of the results within an error of zero degrees of the ground truth azimuth value and about 85% within an error of 25 degrees. The predicted azimuth was then used to estimate the energy conversion of the solar arrays. Results show a 90.9 and 90.6 R-squared value for estimating alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) energy, respectively, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.70% in estimating the alternating current (AC) energy using the fully automated algorithm.
Exploring Older Adults’ Internalizations And Misconceptions Regarding Antihypertensive Medication Management:

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is an asymptomatic cardiovascular condition common with increasing age that must be controlled with proper management behaviors, such as adherence to prescribe...
Social protest photography and public history: “Whose streets? Our streets!”: New York City, 1980–2000

"Whose streets? Our streets!," a traveling exhibition that debuted at the Bronx Documentary Center in January 2017, brings together the work of 37 independent photographers who covered protests in New York City between 1980 and 2000. Collectively, they chronicle social justice struggles related to race relations and police brutality; war and the environment; HIV/AIDS and queer activism; abortion rights, feminism, and the culture wars; and housing, education, and labor. The exhibition and companion multimedia website demonstrate the role that photographers, activists, and ordinary people play in enacting democratic social change. They also highlight social protest photography as an important source for doing public history.
The films of Michelangelo Antonioni

The Films of Michelangelo Antonioni provides an overview of the Italian director's life and work, and examines six of his most important and intellectually challenging films. L'avventura, La notte, and L'eclisse, released in the early 1960s, form the trilogy that first brought the director to international attention. Red Desert was his first film in colour. Blow-up, shot in English and set in swinging London, became one of the best-known (and most notorious) films of its era. The Passenger, starring Jack Nicholson, is the greatest work of his maturity. Rather than emphasizing the stress and alienation of Antonioni's characters, in this book Peter Brunette places the films in the context of the director's ongoing social and political analysis of the Italy of the great postwar economic boom, and demonstrates also how they are formal exercises that depend on painterly abstraction for their expressive effects.
Pilot Evaluation of Ceramic Membranes in Surface Water Treatment with Coagulant Pretreatment

Results from a pilot scale study on the performance of ceramic membranes in treating high turbid waters are presented. Coagulation pretreatment using alum or ferric sulfate was found to improve permeate quality and increase permeate flux. In comparison with ferric sulfate, pretreatment with alum resulted in lower permeate turbidity. DOC removals between 45-65% are possible with coagulation. Ferric sulfate was more effective in reducing organic carbon concentrations. The highest permeate fluxes were observed with alum coagulation, at pH 6. The quality of the membrane permeate was similar to that achievable by packed bed filtration. Careful control of coagulant dose and pH is required to optimize performance of the process and may pose difficulties in full scale operation.