cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous formation of a seed layer and vertical ZnO nanowire arrays enabled by tailored reaction kinetics in a microreactor

ZnO nanowires (NWs) are gaining widespread popularity due to their many unique physical and chemical properties. The hydrothermal process is the most commonly used approach to prepare vertical ZnO NW arrays. Its fundamental issues are the rather slow deposition rate and the variation of reactant concentrations as a function of time. In this study, we employed a continuous flow microreactor and deposition system to prepare both a ZnO seed layer and vertical ZnO NW arrays continuously by simply tuning the flow rate of reactant solutions. The change in flow rate allows reaction kinetics to be selectively tuned, resulting in the generation of molecular zinc species and colloidal ZnO nanocrystals at a high and low flow rate, respectively. The molecular zinc species constitute the seed layer at the high flow rate, and subsequently the colloidal ZnO nanocrystals contribute to the growth of ZnO NWs at the low flow rate. Since the direct delivery of the controlled building blocks on the substrate prevents the formation of homogeneously induced ZnO particles, we were able to obtain highly uniform ZnO NW arrays, with a growth rate as fast as 240 nm min−1, which is significantly higher than typical growth rates from gas-phase or batch hydrothermal processes. Based on the growth mechanism study, the dimensions of the vertical ZnO NW arrays were varied, leading to an aspect ratio of the NWs up to 23. The advantages of our system were highlighted by preparing a high-quality heterogeneous surface having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature on one substrate. These results demonstrate the capability of the continuous flow microreactor and deposition system in efficiently preparing functional vertical ZnO NW arrays.
Exploring Simulation in the Internal Medicine Clerkship.

SummaryBackground Simulation-based medical education has been shown to produce substantial educational benefits; however, the integration and effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation within the internal medicine (IM) clerkship remains largely unexplored. Investigators sought to determine the effectiveness of simulation in improving student confidence in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) curriculum. Secondary goals included examining student perceptions of the role of simulation in medical education. Methods Investigators implemented a formative high-fidelity simulation curriculum in the IM clerkship at a large teaching institution. Third-year medical students enrolled in the IM clerkship between January and June 2014 attended a simulation course during their ambulatory block. Following a 2-hour session, participants completed a 17-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses and a thematic qualitative analysis were performed. Integration of high-fidelity simulation within the internal medicine clerkship remains largely unexplored Results The response rate was 100 per cent (n = 43). Students reported improvements in their ability to identify and manage ACS and ACLS before and after the simulation course: 93 per cent felt that simulation boosted their self-confidence in performing these tasks on a real patient; 86 per cent reported receiving useful feedback during the training sessions; 98 per cent agreed that their experience was enjoyable; and 95 per cent would recommend this course to other students. Conclusions Internal medicine (IM) clerkship students participating in our pilot course demonstrated increased confidence in identifying and managing pathologies associated with ACS and arrhythmias. Students viewed simulation as an engaging and useful activity, desiring additional training sessions.
The Von Willebrand Factor A1-Collagen III Interaction Is Independent of Conformation and Type 2 Von Willebrand Disease Phenotype

The blood von Willebrand factor (VWF) mediates platelet adhesion to injured vessels by sequestering platelets from blood flow and depositing them to collagen and other exposed subendothelial matrix proteins. This process of capturing platelets to facilitate formation of platelet plugs occurs through transient interactions with platelet glycoprotein Ibα via the VWF A1 domain which also binds collagen. Using a conformationally diverse collection of natively folded and mutation-induced misfolded von Willebrand disease (VWD) variants, we test a recently proposed affinity up-regulation hypothesis which states that collagen binding changes the conformation of the A1 domain to a high-affinity GPIbα binding competent state. With surface plasmon resonance (SPR), we present this diversified collection to collagen and quantify the kinetics of association and dissociation to ascertain the conformational selectivity of collagen. With analytical rheology, we quantify real-time platelet pause times and translocation velocities across a Cu2+ HisTag-chelated and collagen-bound A1 single domain and A1A2A3 tridomain fragment of VWF under shear stress in an ex vivo shear flow microfluidic chamber. In contrast to expected hypothetical outcomes, collagen has limited conformational selectivity for binding A1. A1-collagen binding is independent of gain- or loss-of-function phenotype and under shear stress, platelet translocation pause times on collagen-bound A1A2A3 are either normal or shorter depending on whether A1 is concertedly bound with the A3 domain to collagen. With respect to A1, collagen has an inhibitory role that provides an explanation for the lack of thrombosis in patients with gain-of-function VWD.
Liver Transplantation in an Adult Recipient With Situs Inversus Totalis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background Over the past few decades, reports have demonstrated the feasibility of liver transplantation in adult patients with situs inversus. However, this disease entity remains rare and experience remains limited in adult recipients with situs inversus undergoing transplantation. Methods A 23-year-old woman with situs inversus totalis and end-stage liver disease secondary to congenital biliary atresia was referred to our center and underwent a successful orthotopic liver transplantation. Results We report our experience and review the literature. We performed a modified piggy-back technique with cavo-cavostomy. Using a triangulated wide orifice, the suprahepatic cava was anastomosed in an end-to-side fashion. The patient underwent an uneventful hospitalization and recovery. Conclusion Situs inversus remains a rare condition. Careful perioperative planning, thorough anatomic knowledge of both donor and recipient liver, and use of a variety of different novel techniques can lead to successful outcomes.
Clinical application of a multi-modal endoscope with fluorescent peptide in detection of colorectal neoplasia (Conference Presentation)

Early detection of precursor lesions for colorectal cancer can greatly improve survival. Pre-neoplasia can appear flat with conventional white light endoscopy. Sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) are precursor lesions found primarily in the proximal colon and frequently appear flat and indistinct. We performed a clinical study of n=37 patients using a multimodal endoscopy with a FITC-labeled peptide specific for SSA. Lesions were imaged with white light, reflectance and fluorescence. White light images were acquired before the peptide was applied and were used to help localize regions of abnormal tissues rightly. Co-registered fluorescence and reflectance images were combined to get ratio images thus the distance was corrected. We calculated the target/background ratio (T/B ratio) to quantify the images and found 2.3-fold greater fluorescence intensity for SSA compared with normal tissues. We found the T/B ratio for SSA to be significantly greater than that for normal colonic mucosa with 89.47% sensitivity and 91.67% specificity at the threshold of 1.22. An ROC curve for SSA and normal mucosa was also plotted with area under curve (AUC) of 0.93. The result also shows that SSA and adenoma are statistically significant and can be identified with 78.95% sensitivity and 90.48% specificity at the threshold of 1.66. An ROC curve was plotted with AUC of 0.88. Therefore, our result shows that the application of a multimodal endoscope with fluorescently labeled peptide can quantify images and works especially good for the detection of SSA which is a premalignant flat lesion conferring a high risk of subsequently leading to a colon cancer.
An analysis of multimodal cues of interruption in dyadic spoken interactions.

Interruptions are integral elements of natural spontaneous human interaction. Both competitive and cooperative interruption serve a distinct role in the flow of conversation. This paper analyzes their differences with features, change and activeness, employing audio, visual, and disfluency data. These features are able to capture differences between the two types of interruptions better than average feature values of any single modality. Also, discriminant analysis shows that the use of multimodal cues provides a 21% improvement in classification accuracy between the two types of interruptions relative to the baseline while any individual single modality cue does not provide significant improvement.
Projection-based circular constrained state estimation and fusion over long-haul links

In this paper, we consider a scenario where sensors are deployed over a large geographical area for tracking a target with circular nonlinear constraints on its motion dynamics. The sensor state estimates are sent over long-haul networks to a remote fusion center for fusion. We are interested in different ways to incorporate the constraints into the estimation and fusion process in the presence of communication loss. In particular, we consider closed-form projection-based solutions, including rules for fusing the estimates and for incorporating the constraints, which jointly can guarantee timely fusion often required in realtime systems. We test the performance of these methods in the long-haul tracking environment using a simple example.
Gender differences in trends for heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use, 2007-2014.

Abstract Background Trends in the current opioid epidemic in the United States show that use of heroin is increasing while nonmedical use of prescription opioids is slowing. Understanding gender differences in these trends is essential to efforts to address the opioid epidemic. This study compared gender difference in trends in heroin and nonmedical prescription opioid use in the U.S. between 2007 and 2014. Methods Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to trace prevalence and to estimate risk for heroin and nonmedical prescription opioid use in the last year for women and men. Results Prevalence rates in the total sample (N = 447,188) indicate a notable increase in heroin use and a steady decline in the nonmedical use of prescription opioids between 2007 and 2014 for both women and men. Women are increasing heroin use at a faster rate than men but decreasing nonmedical prescription opioid use at a slower rate than men. Overall, risk factors for both heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use are similar to other illicit substances, but the magnitude of associations indicates that women may be at greater risk for the nonmedical use of prescription opioids than for the use of heroin. Conclusions Trend analyses reveal a linear increase in heroin use and a quadratic decline in nonmedical prescription opioid use at the population level. The differential rates of change between men and women in use of both opioids highlight the need for comprehensive, gender-sensitive approaches to prevention and treatment for both heroin and nonmedical prescription opioid use. Future research should continue to explore gender differences in treatment access, including access to medication-assisted treatments and treatments integrated with health and social services, especially for women.
Mechanistic Studies of the Inhibition of Insulin Fibril Formation by Rosmarinic Acid.

The self-assembly of insulin to form amyloid fibrils has been widely studied because it is a significant problem in the medical management of diabetes and is an important model system for the investigation of amyloid formation and its inhibition. A few inhibitors of insulin fibrillation have been identified with potencies that could be higher. Knowledge of how these work at the molecular level is not known but important for the development of more potent inhibitors. Here we show that rosmarinic acid completely inhibits amyloid formation by dimeric insulin at pH 2 and 60 °C. In contrast to other polyphenols, rosmarinic acid is soluble in water and does not degrade at elevated temperatures, and thus we were able to decipher the mechanism of inhibition by a combination of solution-state 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular docking. On the basis of 1H chemical shift perturbations, intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect enhancements between rosmarinic acid and specific residues of insulin, and slowed dynamics o...
Automated facial expression analysis for emotional responsivity using an aqueous bitter model

Abstract The food industry is seeking ways to understand consumer emotions, using implicit measurements, to differentiate acceptability of products in the marketplace. Automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) is a prospective analysis for product acceptability. This study used aqueous bitter solutions to determine and validate AFEA as an analysis supplement to product liking. Participants (n = 46) evaluated a control (distilled water) and three bitter (caffeine) solutions: low (0.05% w/v); medium (0.08% w/v); and high (0.15% w/v). Individual participant sessions were video-recorded and analyzed (5 s; α = 0.20) for each sample in the default and continuous analysis setting. Participants rated liking and bitter intensity on a 9-point scale. An inverse relationship existed between liking and bitter intensity (rs = −0.90; p 0.20) evaluations using program default settings. For time series analysis with both the continuous and default settings, disgust was a predominant emotion in the medium and high bitter solutions as well as happy in the high (p
Serum antigliadin antibodies in cerebellar ataxias: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Gluten sensitivity refers to prominent immunological responses to gluten, usually in conjunction with elevated levels of serum antigliadin antibody (AGA). The association between AGA and cerebellar ataxias has been inconsistently reported. Methods We performed a systematic literature search and a meta-analysis to study the weighted pooled OR of idiopathic cerebellar ataxia (IDCA) cases to controls or to hereditary ataxia (HA) for AGA seropositivity using fixed effect model. Results Eleven studies were included, with a total of 847 IDCA cases, 1654 controls and 445 HA cases. IDCA cases had fourfold higher odds than controls (OR 4.28, 95% CI 3.10 to 5.90) and twofold higher odds than HA cases (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.44) of having AGA seropositivity. Sensitivity analysis excluding the most weighted study, which accounted for 69% of the total weight, still showed similar associations (IDCA vs controls, OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.67 and IDCA vs HA, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86, respectively). The subgroup analysis showed that, when compared with controls, IDCA cases of both East Asian and Western countries had approximately threefold to fourfold higher odds to have AGA seropositivity (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.97 and OR 4.53, 95% CI 3.16 to 6.49, respectively), suggesting the lack of ethnic heterogeneity. The odds of AGA seropositivity for HA cases was not significantly higher than controls (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.44). Conclusion Our study indicates the association between AGA and IDCA, across different geographic regions.
Case 4: Recurrent Orange Urine and Abdominal Pain in a 13-year-old Boy

1. Josef Newman, MD* 2. Bhavana Kandikattu, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL A 13-year-old boy presents with acute kidney injury (creatinine level, 5.6 mg/dL [495 μmol/L]) and hypertension (blood pressure, 133/59 mm Hg). He notes 18 months of recurrent monthly episodes of back and abdominal pain, dark orange discoloration of urine, difficulty voiding, nausea, and anorexia. Most episodes occur the evening or morning after a day playing outside vigorously. His history includes anemia empirically treated with iron since childhood and occasional staring spells …
Nonverbal Communication, Social Psychology of

Nonverbal communication refers to the ways in which beings convey information about their emotions, needs, intentions, attitudes, and thoughts without the use of verbal language. Nonverbal cues serve important functions in human social life, including expressing emotions; conveying interpersonal attitudes such as friendliness, insult, or dominance; regulating affect; regulating turn taking between people in conversation; and facilitating one's own speech production. Nonverbal signals are important in many psychological processes, including attachment, attraction, social influence, deception, self-presentation, and interpersonal self-fulfilling prophecies. Cultural, gender, and other group differences in nonverbal behavior have been documented as well as individual differences in usage and in the accuracy of nonverbal cue transmission and reception.
Uses of the Berenger PML in Pseudospectral Methods for Maxwell’s Equations

The Berenger perfectly matched layer (PML) has been very successful in the simulation of unbounded domains for the solution of Maxwell’s equations by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques (Berenger [1994], Katz et al. [1994]). Compared to alternatives, the PML and its variations offer reflection coefficients that are usually orders of magnitude smaller.
Vinorelbine (Navelbine) in the treatment of breast cancer: a summary.

One of the new agents intensively studied in the last decade for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer is vinorelbine (Navelbine; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC; Pierre Fabre Medicament, Paris, France). This vinca alkaloid produces response rates comparable to other single agents in women with metastatic breast cancer and is associated with a nonhematologic toxicity profile that makes it particularly advantageous for palliative treatment. In vitro studies provide evidence of the decreased neurotoxicity of vinorelbine compared with other vinca alkaloids and clinical studies document the drug's favorable toxicity profile. Granulocytopenia, the dose-limiting toxicity of this agent, is transient and, at current recommended dose levels, seldom results in life-threatening consequences. Results of a randomized clinical trial of intravenous vinorelbine show a similar or slightly improved effect on patient quality of life compared with intravenous melphalan (Alkeran; Burroughs Wellcome Co). Response rates in phase II trials of single-agent vinorelbine in women with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer range from approximately 30% to 60%. A number of studies are under way on the use of vinorelbine in combination with other agents commonly administered for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The low toxicity of vinorelbine makes it an attractive addition to several current combination regimens. Studies of increased dose intensity regimens of vinorelbine also are being actively pursued. Efforts to optimize the use of vinorelbine will hopefully lead to improved therapeutic options for the management of metastatic breast cancer.
Laser Therapies: Iridotomy, Iridoplasty, and Trabeculoplasty

The name “laser” is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In 1960, Theodore Maiman built the first working laser; the medium was a ruby crystal. Due to unique properties of the laser beam, the intensity of the focused output from lasers was an early, recognized attraction for treating the eye. Photons from the laser source had the same direction of travel, with minimal divergence, and were all of the same wavelength (monochromatic), coherence, and polarization. This reduced aberrations when directed to a focus. These properties minimized the focus spot diameter. Useful summaries of laser light properties for eye applications are available. Within a short interval after laser introduction, systems to treat the eye were under study. The initial applications were reported by Zaret et al for iris and retina in rabbits in 1961; and for human retina by Campbell et al and Kapany et al in 1963.
Two-Time-Scale Control of a Low-Order Nonlinear, Nonstandard System with Uncertain Dynamics

This paper extends the theory of sequential control for nonlinear, nonstandard two-time-scale systems to address uncertainties in the model structure and parameters. The approach first develops a control law based on the reduced subsystems which include the best estimates or worst cases of the uncertainties. Lyapunov design of the manifold of the fast state and the control ensures stability of the reduced subsystems. A composite Lyapunov analysis for the full-order system then yields an update law for online parameter estimation, and lower and upper bounds of the time-scale separation parameter for stability of the closed-loop system. The bounds are functions of the structural uncertainty, and reduce to the expected results in the special case of no structural uncertainty. Despite the time-derivative of the composite Lyapunov function being negative-semidefinite, convergence of the fast state to its manifold and that of the slow state to zero are proven using a result due to Barbalat's lemma. It is rigorously established that the control law can accomplish the desired objective of slow state regulation when the parameter estimation error remains bounded, but does not necessarily go to zero. The theory is demonstrated on a nonlinear, nonstandard spring-mass-damper system with uncertainties in the model of the nonlinear spring.
P133 A reappraisal of the impact of heat inactivation of kidney graft recipient’s serum on donor T cell and B cell CDC crossmatches: An analysis of 22175 consecutive crossmatches performed by a single histocompatibility laboratory

Aim Interfering factors in sera may confound crossmatch (XM) results. Heat inactivation (HI), DTT and dialysis treatment of sera have been utilized to minimize these confounders. We investigated the impact of HI on donor T cell complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) XM (T Cell AHG XM) and donor B cell CDC XM (B Cell NIH XM). Methods We queried our electronic database for all donor CDC T cell and B cell XM performed during 2011–2017 in which potential kidney transplant recipient’s serum was tested in parallel with or without HI and using potential donor’s T cells and B cells as target cells. Results A total of 6295 living donor XMs and 15880 deceased donor XMs performed in our laboratory were reviewed. Table 1 shows the impact of HI on the 22175 consecutive XM results. 394 of the 6295 living donor T Cell AHG XMs were positive using neat sera and 303 were positive following HI at 63C for 6 min, a 23% conversion from positive to negative results. 698 of the 15880 deceased donor T Cell AHG XMs were positive using neat sera and 540 XMs were positive following HI, a 23% reduction. 1372 of the 6295 living donor B Cell NIH XMs were positive using neat sera and 539 were positive following HI, a 61% reduction. 3015 of the 15880 deceased donor B Cell NIH XMs were positive using neat sera and 842 XMs were positive following HI, a 72% reduction from a positive result to negative result. Conclusions A substantial percentage of XMs are converted from a positive CDC result to negative result and such conversion is more frequent with B cell XM compared to T cell XM. Transplant centers seldom transplant across a positive T cell CDC XM even when HI converts a positive result to a negative result. On the other hand, it is not uncommon to proceed with a kidney transplant when HI converts a positive B cell CDC to a negative CDC provided there are no other immune contraindications. There is an urgent need to establish the clinical significance of XMs converted from a positive to a negative result by heat inactivation.
Dynamic per slice shimming for simultaneous brain and spinal cord fMRI

Purpose Simultaneous brain and spinal cord functional MRI is emerging as a new tool to study the central nervous system but is challenging. Poor B0 homogeneity and small size of the spinal cord are principal obstacles to this nascent technology. Here we extend a dynamic shimming approach, first posed by Finsterbusch, by shimming per slice for both the brain and spinal cord. Methods We shim dynamically by a simple and fast optimization of linear field gradients and frequency offset separately for each slice in order to minimize off-resonance for both the brain and spinal cord. Simultaneous acquisition of brain and spinal cord fMRI is achieved with high spatial resolution in the spinal cord by means of an echo-planar RF pulse for reduced FOV. Brain slice acquisition is full FOV. Results T2*-weighted images of brain and spinal cord are acquired with high clarity and minimal observable image artifacts. Fist-clenching fMRI experiments reveal task-consistent activation in motor cortices, cerebellum, and C6-T1 spinal segments. Conclusions High quality functional results are obtained for a sensory-motor task. Consistent activation in both the brain and spinal cord is observed at individual levels, not only at group level. Because reduced FOV excitation is applicable to any spinal cord section, future continuation of these methods holds great potential.
Public responses to scientific research: Does disciplinary attribution matter?:

Research has shown that the form and content of science communications can influence individuals’ responses. This study examines whether individuals’ perceptions of scientific research are influenced by the discipline to which the research is attributed. Two vignette experiments find that neither the perceived scientific-ness nor trustworthiness of a study originating from sociology is affected by attributing the study to a different social science or to a natural or medical science. These null findings contrast with surveys showing sizable disciplinary differences in public attitudes. It is possible that disciplinary attribution is a less salient cognitive shortcut when presented in longer communications as compared to survey questions that only provide the name of a discipline. We conclude with suggestions for further research on the role of disciplinary attribution on public perceptions of science.
Knowing of Indigenous Ways: Fieldwork Dispatches from Atitlán, Guatemala

Coupled with the aesthetic beauty of its highland volcanic landscape, the modern indigenous culture of ancient Mayan descendants is a primary factor in bringing over 300,000 international and domestic visitors to the Lake Atitlan, Guatemala region each year. In this field report, I share the evolution of my ethnographic research process within one of these indigenous groups, the Tz'utujil residents of Santiago Atitlan, as they navigate the development and ongoing production of tourism in their town. I provide a vignette of a tourist's typical morning in Atitlan, convey the methods by which my ethnographic insights were derived, and reflect on these fundamental field experiences as they influence my research ethic as a burgeoning scientist.
Ultrasound-assisted biofabrication and bioprinting of preferentially aligned three-dimensional cellular constructs.

A critical consideration in tissue engineering is to recapitulate the microstructural organization of native tissues that is essential to their function. Scaffold-based techniques have focused on achieving this via the contact guidance principle wherein topographical cues offered by scaffold fibers direct migration and orientation of cells to govern subsequent cell-secreted extracellular matrix organization. Alternatively, approaches based on acoustophoretic, electrophoretic, photophoretic, magnetophoretic, and chemotactic principles are being investigated in the biofabrication domain to direct patterning of cells within bioink constructs. This work describes a new acoustophoretic three-dimensional (3D) biofabrication approach that utilizes radiation forces generated by superimposing ultrasonic bulk acoustic waves (BAW) to preferentially organize cellular arrays within single and multi-layered hydrogel constructs. Using multiphysics modeling and experimental design, we have characterized the effects of process parameters including ultrasound frequency (0.71, 1, 1.5, 2 MHz), signal voltage amplitude (100, 200 mVpp), bioink viscosity (5, 70 cP), and actuation duration (10, 20 min) on the alignment characteristics, viability and metabolic activity of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) suspended in alginate. Results show that the spacing between adjacent cellular arrays decreased with increasing frequency (p l 0.001), while the width of the arrays decreased with increasing frequency and amplitude (p l 0.05), and upon lowering the bioink viscosity (p l 0.01) or increasing actuation duration (p l 0.01). Corresponding to the computational results wherein estimated acoustic radiation forces demonstrated a linear relationship with amplitude and a non-linear relationship with frequency, the interaction of moderate frequencies at high amplitudes resulted in viscous perturbations, ultimately affecting the hASC viability (p l 0.01). For each combination of frequency and amplitude at the extremities of the tested range, the hASC metabolic activity did not change over 4 days, but the activity of the low frequency-high amplitude treatment was lower than that of the high frequency-low amplitude treatment at day 4 (p l 0.01). In addition to this process-structure characterization, we have also demonstrated the 3D bioprinting of a multi-layered medial knee meniscus construct featuring physiologically-relevant circumferential organization of viable hASC. This work contributes to the advancement of scalable biomimetic tissue manufacturing science and technology.
A Two-level Approach for Subtitle Alignment

In this paper, we propose a two-level Needleman-Wunsch algorithm to align two subtitle files. We consider each subtitle file as a sequence of sentences, and each sentence as a sequence of characters. Our algorithm aligns the OCR and Web subtitles from both sentence level and character level. Experiments on ten datasets from two TV shows indicate that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches with an average precision and recall of 0.96 and 0.95.
Sensory Interactions in Cutaneous Displays

An overview of tactile-thermal interactions is given from the perspective of cutaneous displays that are designed to enhance either object recognition or information transmission. For such multisensory feedback to be effectively implemented it is important to understand how these two sensory systems with fundamentally different spatial and temporal properties interact. Some of these interactions are inherent to the nature of the interface between the skin and a display, namely the contribution of contact area and compliance of the skin. Such factors need to be explicitly considered as part of the design process since they impact the size and overall dimensions of a display. The differences in the temporal properties of the tactile and thermal systems mean that concurrent inputs will be processed on different time scales and so must be accommodated when such displays are used for communication. At present, it is unclear how much changes in the mechanical properties of skin associated with different sites on the body and different inputs need to be taken into account in designing distributed cutaneous communication systems.
Associations Between Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Cerebral Amyloid: The ARIC-PET Study.

Background and Purpose— Cardiovascular disease is a known risk factor for cognitive decline, although the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that Aβ (β-amyloid), a core pathology of Alzheime...
Bespoke: Interactively Synthesizing Custom GUIs from Command-Line Applications By Demonstration

Programmers, researchers, system administrators, and data scientists often build complex workflows based on command-line applications. To give these power users the well-known benefits of GUIs, we created Bespoke, a system that synthesizes custom GUIs by observing user demonstrations of command-line apps. Bespoke unifies the two main forms of desktop human-computer interaction (command-line and GUI) via a hybrid approach that combines the flexibility and composability of the command line with the usability and discoverability of GUIs. To assess the versatility of Bespoke, we ran an open-ended study where participants used it to create their own GUIs in domains that personally motivated them. They made a diverse set of GUIs for use cases such as cloud computing management, machine learning prototyping, lecture video transcription, integrated circuit design, remote code deployment, and gaming server management. Participants reported that the benefit of these bespoke GUIs was that they exposed only the most relevant subset of options required for their specific needs. In contrast, vendor-made GUIs usually include far more panes, menus, and settings since they must accommodate a wider range of use cases.
Estimating Full Scale IQ While Minimizing the Effects of Practice.

The present study attempted to ascertain the best estimate of true Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) when confronted with an individual who recently had been administered the WAIS-R. Sixty-five college undergraduate participants were administered the WAIS-R twice within 14 days. WAIS-R summary scores, factor scores, and short-form estimates obtained from the second assessment were compared to FSIQ at the first evaluation. The results indicated that Verbal IQ, the Verbal Comprehension factor score, and subtracting 6 points from the current FSIQ are the least affected by repeat assessment and the most accurate estimates of FSIQ at the first evaluation. Use of these estimates of FSIQ are encouraged when evaluating an individual who has been administered the WAIS-R in the recent past.
Current Status of Dermatologic Education in US Medical Schools

This survey study assesses the status and content of dermatology curricula in US medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education.
The productive potential of pedagogical disagreements in classroom-focused student-staff partnerships

Student-staff pedagogical partnership is a rapidly expanding practice documented by a growing body of scholarship. That scholarship includes a wide range of empirical examples of what students and ...
Member Trust and Self-Revelation by Rabbis as LGBTQ

The increased social acceptance of LGBTQ individuals and behaviors has begun to conflict with traditional Abrahamic proscriptions. An “opt-in” sample of 324 individuals who attended Jewish congregations was recruited from the Internet as part of a larger research project. This analysis is conducted on part of the data collected in that study. Two categories of congregations were identified: congregations in which the rabbi had self-revealed as LGBTQ and congregations in which the rabbi was believed heterosexual. There was no significant difference in the level of trust in the rabbi based on the LGBTQ status of the rabbi, which differed from findings in secular organizations. The results of the analysis indicated a need for further study, both quantitative and qualitative. The public self-revelation of LGBTQ identity on the part of the rabbi is a religious signal, thus possibly contributing to higher levels of trust.
Exchange-Rate Based Stabilisation under Imperfect Credibility

In the late 1970s, the Southern-Cone countries comprising Argentina, Chile and Uruguay launched stabilisation programmes based on a pre-announced path for the exchange rate that exhibited a declining rate of devaluation — the Tablitas.2 Policymakers expected a stabilisation plan based on the exchange rate as the nominal anchor to act directly on inflationary expectations — which were viewed as a central determinant of short-run inflation — thus increasing the chances of lowering inflation at no significant real cost.
Combustion, criteria pollutant and soot property assessment of mixing-controlled high-load engine operation with gasoline and diesel

Abstract Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is an emerging technology that can achieve high fuel efficiency and low criteria emissions in diesel engine platforms using gasoline and gasoline-like fuels. While low- and mid-range loads are enabled with low temperature combustion (LTC) approaches, high-loads are more efficient with high temperature combustion (HTC) requiring mixing-controlled combustion (MCC). Lower soot emissions are achieved with gasoline even in high-load MCC than with diesel, but detailed soot properties from gasoline and diesel have been rarely discussed. In order to better understand how high-load operations affect soot properties, gasoline and diesel were tested in a six-cylinder heavy duty engine at 14 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at similar combustion phasing. Effects of pilot mass ratio and EGR on heat release rates, cylinder temperatures, ignition delay (ID) and combustion duration (CD) were examined, relating with emissions variations with applications of the two fuels. Soot mass and particle number emissions were slightly lower with gasoline than with diesel, resulting in a more favorable NOx-soot trade-off with gasoline like other reports. Contrary to other findings in the literature, gasoline and diesel soot samples presented similar particle distribution shapes, carbon crystalline structures and primary particle sizes, regardless of fuel type and EGR rate. Consequently, the current result proposes that soot particles have undergone similar soot formation and oxidation processes despite reactivity difference and oxygen availability under the examined high-load MCC with similar combustion phases.
Editorial Commentary: The Top Cited Rotator Cuff Repair Articles: It's All About Popular.

Abstract The Thomson Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science database was used to rank the top 50 articles regarding rotator cuff repair by number of citations received. Although the number of citations is a useful benchmark, it must be taken as only one of many indices of the value of an article to the study of orthopaedics. The most cited articles are out of date, reflecting that a longer time in publication allows more time for citation, and most have low levels of evidence (Level IV, retrospective case series absent a control group).
Modification of hexagonal boron nitride by thermal treatment

The catalytic activity of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is not yet well understood, but it seems to be related to hBN hydroxylated sites. A good understanding of those sites and how they are produced is a key step to reveal the true nature of hBN catalytic activity. Here, we report a set of thermal treatments to produce a diversity of hydroxylated sites, as well as a method to remove the boric acid produced by hBN decomposition. We found that some of the boric acid dehydrates on the surface of hBN to produce a borated hBN (hBNO) characterized by an FTIR peat at 1090 cm−1 and an XRD shift due to the variation in the planar distance. We also showed that when characterizing the thermal treated hBN, the storage of the sample changed the borate’s hydration degree and modified both the XRD pattern and the FTIR spectrum. When stored in a humid environment, boric acid peaks are visible, but they are not present if samples are stored in a dry place. The methods established here are a solid basis for the manufacture, purification and characterization of hBN by thermal treatments, showing how the process can be designed to generate various functional groups on its surface.
Forms and Administration: How the American Founders Responded to Alexander Pope

One way of clarifying our understanding of the political thought of the American Founders is by noting ideas they rejected. One such idea appeared in Alexander Pope’s 1733 Essay on Man. The political leaders of the Founding era were thus generally sympathetic to Pope’s Essay but highly critical of his praise of administration over institutional forms. The reason this couplet drew the critical attention of so many Americans leading up to the Constitution’s ratification was that it stood in sharp contrast to the task being undertaken; namely, framing a government for a new nation.
1106 Safety and efficacy of low dose diazoxide for treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in small-for-gestational age infants

Background The use of Diazoxide (DZX) among small for gestational age (SGA) infants with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) has risen in the last decade. Since the aetiology of HH in SGA is primarily multifactorial and non-genetic, DZX is an effective first-line medication. However, in therapeutic doses (5–15mg/kg/day), DZX has potentially serious adverse effects such as pericardial effusion, pulmonary hypertension and neutropenia. Yet, the literature on the safety and efficacy of low dose DZX ( Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of low dose DZX for the treatment of HH in SGA infants. Methods This is a retrospective study of SGA infants with HH treated with DZX between 1st September 2014 and 31st September 2020. Neonates with sepsis, severe perinatal asphyxia or contraindications to feeding were excluded. DZX was initiated at a dose of 3mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (with Hydrochlorothiazide) among HH infants with suboptimal response to rising glucose infusion rates (GIR). DZX dose was increased to 5mg/kg/day, and then in increments of 2.5mg/kg/day if required. Pre-requisites for starting DZX include an echocardiogram for pulmonary hypertension and pre-existing pericardial effusion, normal liver and renal function tests. Feeds are escalated and GIR weaned when pre-feed glucose levels demonstrate DXZ response. Safety fast study was done prior to discharge home on DZX and all infants continued with home glucose monitoring. DZX was discontinued when doses self-weaned to Results Of 57 SGA infants with HH, 27 (47%) required DZX treatment, while the rest achieved spontaneous resolution. Among DZX treated infants, 15 (55%) were male, 12 (45%) were preterm, mean gestational age was 36.4±2 weeks, and birth weight was 1942±356 grams. Five infants presented with jitteriness (18.5%) and one with seizures (3.7%) and they presented at a mean of 1.1±0.4 days of life. The mean paired values of glucose and insulin were 2.37±0.47mmol/l and 16.4±27.4mU/l, respectively. Diazoxide was initiated at a mean of 13±8 days of birth and the mean dose required was 4.6±2.2mg/kg/day, with 89% receiving ≤5mg/kg/day. The mean duration of DZX treatment was 66±40 days. Subgroup analysis showed that initiation of DZX Conclusions Low dose DZX is safe and effective for the treatment of HH in SGA infants. Even at low doses, treatment was effective and short term side effects were uncommon. However, being a KATP channel agonist, there is potential for DZX to cause neuronal hyperpolarization leading to brain injury. Future larger cohort studies will help to determine the long-term outcome of infants treated with DZX, especially on higher doses.
China–South Asia Relations: Indian Perspectives

This chapter examines China’s economic, political, diplomatic and defence relations with South Asian states, especially the ‘vaccine diplomacy’ after the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic in South Asia. It further discusses the impacts of China’s expanding presence and influence in South Asia on India’s policies towards its neighbours, as well as India’s countermeasures. It predicates that the ‘competitive’ elements of India’s relationship with China in South Asia are likely to intensify, and suggests India to be aware of the rising concerns about its security-led initiative in the region from China and the small South Asian countries.
The Generative Dissensus of Reading the Feminist Novel, 1995-2020: A Computational Analysis of Interpretive Communities

This article furthers ongoing work on the merits of the feminist novel’s intrinsic variability by probing its dynamics in four publishing contexts: contemporary anglophone literary criticism, prestigious review publications, marketing materials, and online book reviews by social readers. We explore how these interpretive communities converge and diverge in their assessments of feminist fiction over the past twenty-five years by evaluating articles from the MLA International Bibliography, book reviews in The New York Times, The New Yorker, Times Literary Supp-lement, and other prominent periodicals, blurbs from Amazon, and Goodreads reviews. We trace the feminist novel’s ambivalent fates—or rather, feminist novels’ ambivalent fates—in and across these four domains. To do so, we engage computational methods of topic modeling, most distinctive word analysis, and named entity recognition. We synthesize these quantitative results with qualitative attention to provocative examples from our corpus. In so doing, we consider how literary scholars can develop more robust understandings of what feminism and feminist fiction mean to contemporary readers and what we stand to gain by bringing this diverse interpretive labor into our scholarly conversations.
The Polarized Single Crystal Electronic Absorption Spectrum of Phosphorylase b

The polarized single crystal absorption spectrum of rabbit muscle Phosphorylase b in space group P43212 has been determined at pH 7. The absorption bands centered near 425 and 333 nm exhibit maximum isotropic absorptivity values of 430 M−1 cm−1 and 7430 M−1 cm−1, respectively, relative to the pyridoxal phosphate content. The single crystal spectrum adheres to the “oriented gas” model, indicating that polarization effects are due to intrinsic molecular properties of the pyridoxal chromophore. It is shown that the 425 nm and 333 nm bands arise from in-plane, linearly polarized transitions. The principal molecular directions of the transition moments associated with the two bands are assigned on the basis of polarization data.
Methods for studying nucleocytoplasmic exchange of nonhistone proteins in embryos.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods for studying nucleocytoplasmic exchange of nonhistone proteins in embryos. The procedures described in the chapter are based on the leopard frog, Rana pipiens . Amphibian eggs and embryos are impermeable to nucleosides and amino acids; therefore, these substances must be injected. An embryo can be injected at any stage; however, the introduction of radioactive substances into the uncleaved egg and into the blastocoele and archenteron cavities of blastulas and gastrulas, respectively, allows for widespread diffusion of the injected material. Oocyte proteins can be labeled with radioactive amino acids in two ways: (1) incubation of oocytes in radioactive medium, or (2) microinjection of radioactive material. The nucleocytoplasmic exchange of nonhistones involves the techniques of amphibian nuclear transplantation and autoradiography. Various biochemical techniques can be applied to the characterization of migrating nonhistones. This system with some modifications can also be used to study the nucleocytoplasmic interactions of histones, RNAs, and other complex macromolecules.
Aggregates and Fly-Ash Concrete for Barkley Lock

Discussion of handling and mixing of aggregates of fly-ash concrete for Barkley Lock, Kentucky; methods and equipment used for separation of Ohio River sand into various sieve fractions, reworking of certain sieve fractions, and recombining of fractions for completed sand; results of testing; automatic concrete batching and mixing plant and portland cement silo.