cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Protein 90 Functions to Stabilize and Activate the Testis-specific Serine/Threonine Kinases, a Family of Kinases Essential for Male Fertility

Spermiogenesis is characterized by a profound morphological differentiation of the haploid spermatid into spermatozoa. The testis-specific serine/threonine kinases (TSSKs) comprise a family of post-meiotic kinases expressed in spermatids, are critical to spermiogenesis, and are required for male fertility in mammals. To explore the role of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in regulation of TSSKs, the stability and catalytic activity of epitope-tagged murine TSSKs were assessed in 293T and COS-7 cells. TSSK1, -2, -4, and -6 (small serine/threonine kinase) were all found to associate with HSP90, and pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 function using the highly specific drugs 17-AAG, SNX-5422, or NVP-AUY922 reduced TSSK protein levels in cells. The attenuation of HSP90 function abolished the catalytic activities of TSSK4 and -6 but did not significantly alter the specific activities of TSSK1 and -2. Inhibition of HSP90 resulted in increased TSSK ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, indicating that HSP90 acts to control ubiquitin-mediated catabolism of the TSSKs. To study HSP90 and TSSKs in germ cells, a mouse primary spermatid culture model was developed and characterized. Using specific antibodies against murine TSSK2 and -6, it was demonstrated that HSP90 inhibition resulted in a marked decrease of the endogenous kinases in spermatids. Together, our findings demonstrate that HSP90 plays a broad and critical role in stabilization and activation of the TSSK family of protein kinases.
Channel models for V2V communications: A comparison of different approaches

In this paper, we compare the two most common types of statistical models for V2V channels: the tapped-delay line, and the geometry-based stochastic model. We first provide a description of each model type. Model adaptations and options are described, as is model flexibility, and ability to replicate statistics that agree with measurements. We quantify each model's complexity, and show that the modified TDL is generally far less complex than the GBS model. Both require careful specification of conditions, and although the GBS model can be more versatile due to its large number of parameters, multiple TDL models will be simpler and equally accurate.
Non-tracking-based 2D strain estimation in tagged MRI

Tagged MRI is a non-invasive technique to assess myocardial deformations. In this paper, we developed a novel non-tracking-based strain estimation method for tagged MRI. This method is based on the extraction of tag's deformation gradient, and therefore avoids the limitations of conventional tracking-based strain estimators. We tested this method on both simulated and real world images. In simulated images, we quantitatively evaluated the accuracy and robustness of our non-tracking estimator. We find that the results of circumferential strain and local tissue rotation angle are highly consistent with the ground truth values. We also tested our method on both normal and patient data. Real world tests show our results are valuable to visually distinguishing normal and abnormal data, and have the potential to quantitatively diagnose cardiac malfunctions or diseases.
Work in Progress: Transforming Introductory Laboratory Experiences into Learning Communities

An introductory level logic design course with a laboratory experience has been part of the curriculum for over fifteen years. Its objectives have included the recruitment and retention of students in electrical and computer engineering. Laboratory exercises have been done mostly on an individual basis. The purpose of the current work is to bring electrical and computer engineering students together as they enter the curriculum and foster the formation of long-term learning communities. Our implementation of learning communities are centered on the laboratory experiences. Students in laboratory learning communities will be encouraged to develop friendships as well as teamwork, learning, and leadership skills. Each element of this course is being analyzed to determine ways to build learning communities, integrate learning about learning, and include discovery experiences. These changes will help students integrate their knowledge and convert it from surface knowledge to enduring understanding.
Escaping Entity-Centrism in Financial Services Regulation

In the ongoing discussions about financial services regulation, one critically important topic has not been recognized, let alone addressed. That topic is what this Article calls the “entity-centrism” of financial services regulation. Laws and rules are entity-centric when they assume that a financial services firm is a stand-alone entity, operating separately from and independently of any other entity. They are entity-centric, therefore, when the specific requirements and obligations they comprise are addressed only to an abstract and solitary “firm,” with little or no contemplation of affiliates, parent companies, subsidiaries, or multi-entity enterprises. Regulatory entity-centrism is not an isolated phenomenon, as it permeates the laws and rules governing many facets of a firm’s operations. Moreover, it can be discerned in laws and rules covering many types of financial services activities. In other words, entity-centrism in financial services regulation is pervasive. It is also deeply problematic.This Article calls attention to entity-centrism as manifested in financial services regulation, shows why entity-centrism counters regulatory objectives, and assesses possible explanations for the phenomenon. It does so primarily by evaluating two recent regulatory failures that reveal how entity-focused laws and rules privilege entity boundaries over the various ways in which multiple entities (or entities and individuals) work together as a common enterprise. Accordingly, the Article contends that financial services regulation should look past entity boundaries and that lawmakers and regulators should think more broadly, critically, and creatively to address the persistent and significant regulatory difficulties that entity-centrism has spawned.
A randomized trial of a diet and exercise intervention for overweight and obese women from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods: Sisters Taking Action for Real Success (STARS)☆

Background Lower socioeconomic status at both the individual and neighborhood level is associated with increased health risks. Weight loss can reduce this risk, but few high quality weight loss studies target this population.
Hospitals' Strategies for Orchestrating Selection of Physician Preference Items

This article analyzes hospitals' strategies to shape physicians' behavior and counter suppliers' power in purchasing physician preference items. Two models of standardization are limitations on the range of manufacturers or products (the “formulary” model) and price ceilings for particular item categories (the “payment-cap” model), both requiring processes to define product equivalencies often with inadequate product comparison data. The formulary model is more difficult to implement because of physicians' resistance to top-down dictates. The payment-cap model is more feasible because it preserves physicians' choice while also restraining manufacturers' power. Hospitals may influence physicians' involvement through a process of orchestration that includes committing to improve clinical facilities, scheduling, and training and fostering a culture of mutual trust and respect.
Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Si XI

Abstract Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Si XI. The configurations used are 2s 2 , 2s2p, 2p 2 , 2l3l′, 2l4l′ and 2s5l′, with l = s,p and l′ = s,p,d giving rise to 92 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies (35, 70, 105, 140, and 175 Ry) in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, and R-Matrix results for the 2s 2 , 2s2p, 2p 2 configurations available in the literature, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10 8 –10 14 cm −3 at an electron temperature of log T e (K) = 6.2, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Si XI. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database.
CO2 fertilization and enhanced drought resistance in Greek firs from Cephalonia Island, Greece.

Growth–climate relationships were investigated in Greek firs from Ainos Mountain on the island of Cephalonia in western Greece, using dendrochronology. The goal was to test whether tree growth is sensitive to moisture stress, whether such sensitivity has been stable through time, and whether changes in growth–moisture relationships support an influence of atmospheric CO2 on growth. Regressions of tree-ring indices (ad 1820–2007) with instrumental temperature, precipitation, and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) indicate that growth is fundamentally limited by growing-season moisture in late spring/early summer, most critically during June. However, this simple picture obscures a pattern of sharply evolving growth–climate relationships during the 20th century. Correlations between growth and June temperature, precipitation, and PDSI were significantly greater in the early 20th century but later degraded and disappeared. By the late 20th–early 21st century, there remains no statistically significant relationship between moisture and growth implying markedly enhanced resistance to drought. Moreover, growth experienced a net increase over the last half-century culminating with a sharp spike in ad 1988–1990. This recent growth acceleration is evident in the raw ring-width data prior to standardization, ruling out artifacts from statistical detrending. The vanishing relationship with moisture and parallel enhancement of growth are all the more notable because they occurred against a climatic backdrop of increasing aridity. The results are most consistent with a significant CO2 fertilization effect operating through restricted stomatal conductance and improved water-use efficiency. If this interpretation is correct, atmospheric CO2 is now overcompensating for growth declines anticipated from drier climate, suggesting its effect is unusually strong and likely to be detectable in other up-to-date tree-ring chronologies from the Mediterranean.
Mitigating apprehension about section 8 vouchers: The positive role of housing specialists in search and placement

Abstract The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development has found that Section 8 voucher recipients are often unable to secure apartments outside of high‐poverty areas in tight urban rental markets. However, intensive housing placement services greatly improve the success and mobility of voucher holders. Drawing on ethnographic research in the housing placement department of a private, nonprofit community‐based organization, I first describe how fundamental problems in implementing the public subsidy program in a tight private rental market generate apprehension among landlords and voucher recipients that can prevent the successful use of vouchers. Second, I demonstrate how housing placement specialists can dispel and overcome this apprehension through a variety of tactics that require extensive soft skills and a deep commitment to the mission of housing poor families. These findings provide support for the increased use of housing placement services to improve success and mobility rates for Section...
FLICKER NOISE IN THIN SUPERCONDUCTING FOILS.

Abstract Flicker noise in superconducting foils is explained by a random modulation of the size or the number of vortex bundles moving through the foil. Both may be caused by a random modulation of pinning centers pinning the vortex bundles.
Do Stimulant Drugs Improve the Academic Performance of Hyperkinetic Children? A Review of Outcome Studies

Stimulant drug studies based primarily on measures of teacher opinion have frequently concluded that these drugs improve the achievement of hyperkinetic children. However, a review of those studies using more objective measures of academic performance revealed few positive short-term or long-term drug effects on these measures. What few improvements have been noted can be readily attributed to better attention during testing. The major effect of the stimulants appears to be an improvement in classroom manageability rather than academic performance. It would seem that the stimulants are not able to influence those etiologic factors, other than overactivity and inattentiveness, which predispose hyperkinetic children toward school difficulties. Hence, since the goal of pediatric intervention with these children should be to enhance school performance as well as reducing hyperactive behavior, the two should be independently and objectively monitored. Since stimulant medications fail to improve the academic performance of most of these children, additional educational assistance must be provided.
Chemical approaches to nuclear receptors in metabolism

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored a workshop, “Chemical Approaches to Nuclear Receptors and Metabolism,” in April 2009 to explore how chemical and molecular biology and physiology can be exploited to further our understanding of nuclear receptor structure, function, and role in disease. Signaling cascades involving nuclear receptors are more complex and interrelated than once thought. Nuclear receptors continue to be attractive targets for drug discovery. The overall goal of this workshop was to identify gaps in our understanding of the complexity of ligand activities and begin to address them by (i) increasing the collaboration of investigators from different disciplines, (ii) developing a better understanding of chemical modulation of nuclear receptor action, and (iii) identifying opportunities and roadblocks in the path of translating basic research to discovery of new therapeutics.
Distribution of Excitation Frequencies on the Epicardial and Endocardial Surfaces of Fibrillating Ventricular Wall of the Sheep Heart

Abstract —Tissue heterogeneities may play an important role in the mechanism of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) and can lead to a complex spatial distribution of excitation frequencies. Here we used optical mapping and Fourier analysis to determine the distribution of excitation frequencies in >20 000 sites of fibrillating ventricular tissue. Our objective was to use such a distribution as a tool to quantify the degree of organization during VF. Fourteen episodes of VT/VF were induced via rapid pacing in 9 isolated, coronary perfused, and superfused sheep ventricular slabs (3×3 cm 2 ). A dual-camera video-imaging system was used for simultaneous optical recordings from the entire epi- and endocardial surfaces. The local frequencies of excitation were determined at each pixel and displayed as dominant frequency (DF) maps. A typical DF map consisted of several (8.2±3.6) discrete areas (domains) with a uniform DF within each domain. The DFs in adjacent domains were often in 1:2, 3:4, or 4:5 ratios, which was shown to be a result of an intermittent Wenckebach-like conduction block at the domain boundaries. The domain patterns were relatively stable and could persist from several seconds to several minutes. The complexity in the organization of the domains, the number of domains, and the dispersion of frequencies increased with the rate of the arrhythmia. Domain patterns on the epicardial and endocardial surfaces were not correlated. Sustained epicardial or endocardial reentry was observed in only 3 episodes. Observed frequency patterns during VT/VF suggest that the underlying mechanism may be a sustained intramural reentrant source interacting with tissue heterogeneities.
Resonant tunneling in double-barrier parabolic well structures

The intrinsic time characteristics of a double-barrier parabolic well structure are studied numerically. One-dimensional structures with AlAs and AlGaAs barrier (and superlattice) material are investigated, and two models are considered: the actual microstructure (graded-superlattice) model and the parabolic-potential-well-model. Time-independent results such as quasi-energy levels and their widths are essentially the same for these two models. However, their time dependence has been found to be considerably different. Although the buildup times for these models are very close in magnitude, the onset of the exponential decay law for the resonant state in the parabolic potential well takes place in a very short time (after the electron density inside the well has reached its peak), thus allowing the time decay constant tau /sub d/ to be a good measure of the temporal decay. >
Biomarkers of Diabetic Bone Disease

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder with a prevalence of approximately 327 million worldwide. Substantial evidence exists that in addition to the well-known complications of diabetes, such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy, increased fracture risk is an important morbidity. Yet BMD and FRAX, the clinical mainstays for predicting fractures, do not fully capture fracture risk in these populations. Identification of biomarkers in diabetic individuals that predict fracture risk, independent of bone density assessment, will help to diagnose and treat bone fragility in diabetes.
Multi-tier internet service management: statistical learning approaches

Modern Internet services are multi-tiered and are typically hosted in virtualized shared platforms. While facilitating flexible service deployment, multi-tier architecture introduces significant challenges for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in hosted Internet services. Complex inter-tier dependencies and dynamic bottleneck tier shift are challenges inherent to tiered architectures. Hard-to-predict and bursty session-based Internet workloads further magnify this complexity. Virtualization of shared platforms adds yet another layer of complication in managing the hosted multi-tier Internet services. We consider three critical aspects of Internet service management for improved performance and quality of service provisioning : admission control, dynamic resource provisioning and service differentiation. This thesis concentrates on statistical learning based approaches for multi-tier Internet service management to achieve efficient, balanced and scalable services. Statistical learning techniques are capable of solving complex dynamic problems through learning and adaptation with no priori domain-specific knowledge. We explore the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised learning in managing multi-tier Internet services. First, we develop a session based admission control strategy to improve session throughput of multi- tier Internet services. Using a supervised bayesian network, it achieves coordination among multiple tiers resulting in a balanced service. Second, we promote session-slowdown, a novel session-oriented metric for user perceived performance. We develop a regression based dynamic resource provisioning strategy, which utilizes a combination of offline training and online monitoring, for session slowdown guarantees in multi-tier systems. Third, we develop a reinforcement learning based coordinated combination of admission control and adaptive resource management for multi-tier Internet service differentiation and performance improvement in a shared virtualized platform. It addresses limitations of supervised learning by integrating model-independence of reinforcement learning and self-learning of neural networks for system scalability and agility. Finally, we develop an user interface based Monitoring and Management Console, intended for an administrator to monitor and fine tune the performance of hosted multi-tier Internet services. We evaluate the developed management approaches using an e-commerce simulator and an implementation testbed on a virtualized blade server system hosting multi-tier RUBiS benchmark applications. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of statistical learning approaches for QoS provisioning and performance improvement in virtualized multi-tier Internet services.
Consumer Responses to the Food Industry’s Proactive and Passive Environmental CSR, Factoring in Price as CSR Tradeoff

This study examines consumer reactions to the food industry’s environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) by varying levels of CSR and price as CSR tradeoffs. Findings reveal that proactive CSR programs generate more favorable attitudes toward and stronger intent to purchase from the company compared to passive CSR programs. Supportive communication intention also increases with CSR level in the low price condition. Regarding the impact of price, respondents showed more positive attitudes toward a company that charges cheaper prices in general. However, when a company demonstrates proactive initiatives, respondents did not distinguish between prices and showed generally positive intent to support and intent to purchase from the company. When a company practices passive CSR and offers cheaper products, respondents showed the weakest supportive and purchase intentions.
A rapid radioimmunoassay for plasma estrogen.

Abstract The plasma estradiol equivalent is the total plasma estrogen quantitated by a rapid radioimmunoassay on unextracted plasma. For the radioimmunoassay, 0.1 or 0.2 ml. of plasma is precipitated with methanol, and the supernate is utilized. An internal standard is not required to correct for procedural losses. Dextran-coated characoal solution is used to separate the free and bound steroid. The assay sensitivity is 5 pg. per assay tube (35 pg. per milliliter with a 0.2 ml. plasma sample). The coefficient of variation at this level is 14.3 per cent. The correlation of the plasma estradiol equivalent to the total free plasma estrone, estradiol, and estriol is good (r = 0.962). Thirty plasma samples can be analyzed and reported within 8 hours.
Risk Factors in Late Life Dementia

The dementias of later life, of which Alzheimer’s disease is the most common, have emerged as one of our most serious public health problems. Throughout the world we are witnessing an increase in the prevalence of the dementias of late life (Kramer, 1980) not only because people are living longer, but because the population over age 75, who are at the highest risk for Alzheimer’s disease, are the fastest growing segment of the population. The rapid relative growth of the aged population at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders forecasts a significant burden on society unless ways are discovered to treat and prevent them.
On the relationship between cellular and hemodynamic properties of the human brain cortex throughout adult lifespan

Establishing baseline MRI biomarkers for normal brain aging is significant and valuable for separating normal changes in the brain structure and function from different neurological diseases. In this paper for the first time we have simultaneously measured a variety of tissue specific contributions defining R2* relaxation of the gradient recalled echo (GRE) MRI signal in human brains of healthy adults (ages 22 to 74years) and related these measurements to tissue structural and functional properties. This was accomplished by separating tissue (R2t(⁎)) and extravascular BOLD contributions to the total tissue specific GRE MRI signal decay (R2(⁎)) using an advanced version of previously developed Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (GEPCI) approach and the acquisition and post-processing methods that allowed the minimization of artifacts related to macroscopic magnetic field inhomogeneities, and physiological fluctuations. Our data (20 healthy subjects) show that in most cortical regions R2t(⁎) increases with age while tissue hemodynamic parameters, i.e. relative oxygen extraction fraction (OEFrel), deoxygenated cerebral blood volume (dCBV) and tissue concentration of deoxyhemoglobin (Cdeoxy) remain practically constant. We also found the important correlations characterizing the relationships between brain structural and hemodynamic properties in different brain regions. Specifically, thicker cortical regions have lower R2t(⁎) and these regions have lower OEF. The comparison between GEPCI-derived tissue specific structural and functional metrics and literature information suggests that (a) regions in a brain characterized by higher R2t(⁎) contain higher concentration of neurons with less developed cellular processes (dendrites, spines, etc.), (b) regions in a brain characterized by lower R2t(⁎) represent regions with lower concentration of neurons but more developed cellular processes, and (c) the age-related increases in the cortical R2t(⁎) mostly reflect the age-related increases in the cellular packing density. The baseline GEPCI-based biomarkers obtain herein could serve to help distinguish age-related changes in brain cellular and hemodynamic properties from changes which occur due to the neurodegenerative diseases.
Experimental ileal J-pouch construction. A comparison of three techniques.

Endorectal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has become the surgical alternative of choice for patients requiring colectomy for ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis coli. The optimal method of ileal pouch construction has not been determined. In this study, a canine preparation was used to compare the immediate results of three different techniques of ileal J-pouch construction. The three methods studied were two-layer hand-suturing (HS), stapling through enterotomies placed laterally on the ileal limbs (LS), and stapling via an apically placed enterotomy (AS). All three techniques resulted in watertight reservoirs. Ease of construction was scored significantly differently among the pouch variations (AS>LS>HS). Construction time was significantly less for both of the stapled reservoirs than for the HS pouch. Capacity of the AS pouch was significantly greater than the HS reservoir. This study suggests that stapling the ileal J-pouch through a single apical enterotomy should be the preferred technique during colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
To treat or not to treat, that really is not the question

Few patients come to physicians with the expectation that they won't be treated. They have a problem and expect that a good physician will provide some sort of relief, which to them often means a drug or treatment. While physicians may often question the benefits of a particular therapy, how to decide whether one therapy is as good as another is a challenge. From a researcher's perspective, the question is: How do you know one treatment is as good as another? Consider the situation in which payers say they will only pay for a generic drug. How do you—and, in fact, they—know that the generic drug is really as good as the brand name drug? Mostly likely the generic drug costs considerably less than the brand name drug, so one might be suspicious that the payer is merely trying to maximize profit. The payer is trying to reduce costs but relies on the fact that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided approval for this generic drug; therefore, it must be as good as the brand name drug.
Abstract 1531: HtrA1 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by targeting XIAP for degradation

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL We have previously identified serine protease HtrA1 as a down-regulated gene in ovarian cancer and loss of HtrA1 may contribute to cell resistance to cisplatin treatment. However, the exact mechanism by which HtrA1 regulates chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer is currently unknown. Here, we used mixture-based oriented peptide library approach and identified XIAP, an important member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, as one possible substrate of HtrA1. Recombinant wild type (WT) HtrA1 but not protease-inactive SA mutant HtrA1 can cleave XIAP protein in vitro. Over-expression of HtrA1 led to decreased level of XIAP in OV167 and OV202 ovarian cancer cells, while down-regulation of HtrA1 resulted in increased level of XIAP in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. CDDP treatment enhanced the cleavage of XIAP by HtrA1. Immuno-precipitation assay revealed that HtrA1 binds to XIAP directly both in vitro and in vivo. Increased cell resistance to cisplatin treatment was observed in SKOV3 and TOV-21G cells after stable knockdown of HtrA1 with shRNA. In contrast, over-expression of HtrA1 in OV202 cells promotes cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment which can be reversed by increased expression of XIAP. In conclusion, our experiments reveal XIAP as a novel substrate of HtrA1 and the mechanism by which HtrA1 confers cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment may be partially through its degradation of XIAP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1531. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1531
Psychosocial Assessment and Intervention in Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Psikososyal etkenler, kronik obstruktif akciger hastaligi olanlarda pulmoner rehabilitasyon surecini anlamli sekilde etkilerler. Sonuclar, ilk olarak rehabilitasyon sureci onundeki psikolojik, algisal ve sosyal engelleri berlileyerek, ikinci olarak da uygun girisimler veya hastayi uygun kisilere yonlendirerek, en iyi seviyeye getirilebilir. Toplumun kullanimina uygun, depresyon, aknsiyete ve algilama bozuklugunda yeri olan Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item test (GAD-7) ve Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) gibi testlerin hepsi gecerli ve sureci degerlendirmekte guvenilir araclardir. Depresyon, anksiyete ve algilama bozuklugunun hepsi de hastanin rehabilitasyon programina katilimini etkilerken, sigara icilmesi rehabilitasyon surecine zarar verir. Psikososyal bir engel olmamakla birlikte sigara kullanimi, hastanin daha iyi sonuc elde edebilmesi ve hastaligin nuks riskini dusurmesi icin degistirmesi gereken bir aliskanliktir. Etkili motive edici konusmalar ve sigara birakma terapileri, hastanin bu zararli davranisini birakmasinda gereklidir. Psikolog ve aile danismani yardimiyla pulmoner rehabilitasyonun baslangicinde bu engellerin ortaya konmasi ve sorumlu tedavi saglayicilarin yardiminin kaydedilmesi, genel tibbi uyumlulugu, fiziksel islevleri ve yasam kalitesini iyilestirebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Depresyon, anksiyete, pulmoner rehabilitasyon, KOAH, sigarayi birakma Abstract
Particulate Matter and Organic Vapor Emissions from a Helicopter Engine Operating on Petroleum and Fischer–Tropsch Fuels

Particle and gaseous emissions from a T63 gas-turbine engine were characterized using three fuels: standard military jet fuel (JP-8), Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthetic fuel, and a 50:50 blend of each. Primary emissions were sampled using a dilution tunnel and sampling trains with both filters and sorbent tubes. Primary particulate matter (PM) and gaseous emissions for the neat FT and blend fuels were reduced relative to emissions when using JP-8 fuel at both idle and cruise loads. At idle load, PM mass emissions are reduced by 65% with neat FT fuel and by 50% for the 50:50 blend compared to neat JP-8 fuel. The JP-8/FT blend thus decreases emissions beyond the linear average of the emissions for the individual fuels. At idle load, FT fuel reduced total hydrocarbon emissions by 20%, while the blend showed no significant change compared to neat JP-8. At cruise load, neat FT fuel resulted in an 80% reduction in primary PM emissions and a 30% reduction in total hydrocarbon emissions compared to neat JP-8. Decreas...
Archimedes' Quadrature and Simpson's Rule

(1987). Archimedes' Quadrature and Simpson's Rule. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 222-223.
Impingement of a von Kàrmàn Vortex Street on a Dynamically Pitching Delta Wing

A series of experiments on a 70-degree delta wing was conducted at Wichita State University to study the effect on the vortex burst position of the leading-edge vortices when subjected to a von Karman wake from a cylinder while, simultaneously, the wing is dynamically pitched. The aim is to better understand how the impingement of the von Karman Vortex Street affects the vortex bursting location. Results indicate that there is a temporal correlation between the passage of the von Karman vortex and the leading edge vortex burst location, indicating modulation of the burst location. Nomenclature
Functional Auto- and Homoplastic Thyroid Grafts in the Rat.∗

Many of the attempts to graft the thyroid gland have met with little success. Manley and Marine,1 however, reported auto-transplanted thyroids in rabbits which survived with apparently normal structure for 271 days, the animals showing “marked amelioration of symptoms of operative myxedema.” Loeb2 in a series of heterotransplants found complete early degeneration in all cases usually much before the 18th day. Marine and Rosen3 attempted to extend the life of homotransplants in the guinea-pig by administering anterior hypophysis extract, but these thyroid grafts remained viable for only 8 days. A method for obtaining persistent functional homotransplants of the thyroid is a desirable and important aid to experimental studies of the gland and it may have clinical significance.We have been engaged in an extensive series of thyroid transplants in rats of the Long-Evans strain, which have been inbred since 1913. Autotransplants in these rats resulted in 100% viable grafts, if the thyroid was removed at 1 to 7 ...
Preparation and Characterization of Several Conducting Transition Metal Oxides

The structure-property relationships of several conducting transition metal oxides, as well as their preparative methods, are presented in this paper. The importance of preparing homogeneous phases with precisely known stoichiometry is emphasized. A comparison is also made of the various techniques used to prepare both polycrystalline and single crystal samples. For transition metal oxides, the metallic properties are discussed either in terms of metal-metal distances which are short enough to result in metallic behavior, or in terms of the formation of a П * conduction band resulting from covalent metal-oxygen interactions. Metallic behavior is observed when the conduction bands are populated with either electrons or holes. The concentration of these carriers can be affected by either cation or anion substitutions. The discussion in this presentation will be limited to the elements Re, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, and Cu.
On the phenomenon of sudden death in animals and man.

SummaryA phenomenon of sudden death has been described that occurs in man, rats, and many other animals apparently as a result of hopelessness; this seems to involve overactivity primarily of the parasympathetic system. In this instance as in many others, the ideas of Walter Cannon opened up a new a
S: strategically plan and use it! Thinking "big, hairy, and audacious".

(Fam Med 2009;41(9):618-9.) In his bestseller, Good to Great, author Jim Collins says that to move an organization to greatness you have to discover your core values, define your mission and what you do best, and then decide upon a “Big, Hairy, Audacious Goal,” also known as a BHAG, toward which your organization should strive but may not able to achieve. STFM wants to extend itself toward accomplishing lofty goals that will improve academic family medicine; however, the challenge of creating a BHAG seemed almost overwhelming given the diversity of our organization. How do you create a BHAG that will serve all of our members, 40% of whom educate residents on a daily basis, 15% of whom are nonphysician faculty, and all of whom have a vested interest in educating the next generation of family physicians? The task was challenging, but with the incredible leadership of Bill Mygdal, EdD; Caryl Heaton, DO; John Rogers, MD, MPH, MEd; and Scott Fields, MD, MHA, we have accomplished the task. This creative and goal-driven thinking has led to the development of our strategic priorities. This is not a plan that will sit on the shelf and collect dust; rather, it is a listing of priorities that the Society will direct its time and resources on to help us focus on the things that matter most. As part of this process of identifying our BHAG, we asked ourselves, why does STFM matter, and how would we define and measure success? What resulted is a listing of four indicators of success that I want to share with you.
Effects of Hoe-140 and ramiprilat on arteriolar tone and dilation to bradykinin in skeletal muscle of rats.

In skeletal muscle of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats, the mechanism of action and possible role of the potent vasodilator bradykinin (BK) in regulation of arteriolar tone were investigated....
From Treatment to Empowerment: New Approaches to Youth Mentoring.

Traditional approaches to formal youth mentoring have focused primarily on improving the lives of “at-risk” youth through the assignment of individual mentors who are typically disconnected from youth's communities. Similarly, research in the field of formal mentoring has emphasized the dyadic relationship between the mentor and the mentee, with less attention paid to the broader relational contexts in which such relationships unfold. The current paper proposes a new framework that expands the scope of mentoring interventions to include approaches that build on and cultivate informal supports and empower youth to identify and reach out to networks of potential supportive adults, thus increasing the reach of youth mentoring.
Friction Stir Welding in Wrought and Cast Aluminum Alloys: Heat Transfer Modeling and Thermal History Analysis

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a technique that can be used for materials joining and local microstructural refinement. Owing to the solid-state character of the process, FSW has significant advantages over traditional fusion welding, including reduced part distortion and overheating. In this study, a novel heat transfer model was developed to predict weld temperature distributions and quantify peak temperatures under various combinations of processing parameters for different wrought and cast Al alloys. Specifically, an analytical analysis was first developed to characterize and predict heat generation rate within the weld nugget, and then a two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation was performed to evaluate the temperature distribution in the weld cross-section and top-view planes. A further three-dimensional (3D) simulation was developed based on the heat generation analysis. The model was validated by measuring actual temperatures near the weld nugget using thermocouples, and good agreement was obtained for all studied materials and conditions.
High performance rechargeable Li-S batteries using binder-free large sulfur-loaded three-dimensional carbon nanotubes

The increasing demand for clean and efficient energy storage in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart energy grid has spurred attention to develop advanced battery systems. Complementing the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur cathode (∼1672 mAh/g), environmentally benign, and low-cost, Li-S batteries can meet the myriad needs of inexpensive and high energy density energy storage. However, the intrinsic drawbacks of poor cycle life and low charge efficiency in conventional Li-S batteries hinder the advancement of this alluring technology. Here, we propose a novel and facile synthesis of binder-free three-dimensional carbon nanotubes (3D CNTs)/sulfur (S) hybrid composite as an electrode material, where 3D CNTs provide a high conduction path and short diffusion length for Li-ions, while confining soluble poly-sulfides within the structure for high cycling performance. The unique binder free cathode design results in one of the highest sulfur loading of 8.33 mg/cm2 (∼55 wt% S in the cathode electrode) with excellent areal and specific capacity of 8.89 mAh/cm2 and 1068 mAh/g at 0.1C rate (∼1.4 mA/cm2) offering coulombic efficiency of greater than 95% for 150 cycles. The novel cell exhibits maximum specific energy of ∼1233 Wh/kg with a specific power of ∼476 W/kg, with respect to the mass of the cathode.
Sepsis: Prophylactic antibiotic for prostate biopsy: the carbapenem gamble

Sepsis is an infrequent but serious adverse risk of transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy. A new study evaluated whether the use of single-dose ertapenem, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, resulted in increased carbapenem resistance following biopsy. However, physicians need to carefully consider the risks of antibiotic resistance when balancing the benefit of broad-spectrum antibiosis against a 1% risk of sepsis.
Integrated modeling and simulation for cyberphysical systems extending multi-domain M&S to the design community

Modeling and Simulation is increasingly important in managing design of complex cyber-physical systems. The diversity of tools, each with unique syntax and semantics, necessitates creation of multiple independent models in order to fully analyze a system. In addition to increasing the cost and time required to fully leverage computational tools, issues with model synchronization present a hazard. This is only compounded when multiple design options must be considered. In this paper, we discuss work on the OpenMETA framework (Sztipanovits et al 2015), which uses a single integrated model, coupled with automated design composition to transform the model into the specific syntax and semantics of multiple analysis tools for computing system performance. Design space specification primitives, and exploration tools allow an entire design family to be explored, across multiple physical domains and levels of abstraction. A simple design study is reviewed to demonstrate the process.
Towards use of electronic health records: cancer classification

The electronic health records (EHR) are generating increasing quantities of data like never before. These extensive amount and large varieties of data provide valuable information and bring opportunities for researchers to study, thus to help clinical practice for clinicians and related decision-making for organizational managers, such as disease diagnosis and healthcare policy making. Cancer diagnosis is very important to patients because finding and treating cancer at an early stage can save lives. In this paper, we choose cancer classification as an example to demonstrate the usage of the EHR data. The data are collected and provided by clinics from private practices in New York City. We apply random forest method for cancer diagnosis. The experimental results of our preliminary work show its effectiveness, 68.5% accuracy in classifying 15 different types of cancers. Moreover, five of them are highly identified and classified, reaching the accuracy of 92.84%.
Stretchable Multi-function Fiber Sensor for Tension, Bending and Torsion Sensing

We demonstrate a stretchable fiber-optic sensor by embedding a sinusoidal-structured fiber Bragg grating in a silicone sheet at an off-center position, which uniquely enables 30% of elongation and facilitates tension, torsion direction, and bending measurement.
Basic Principles of Direct Combustion

The combustion process may be defined as an interaction between fuel, energy, and the environment rather than merely a chemical reaction of fuel with oxygen to release energy, or a physical reaction of the fuel with the environment involving heat and mass transfer. The process is enormously complex even with relatively simple or homogenous fuels. A quantitative description of this process requires the combined capabilities of a physical chemist specializing in chemical kinetics, a physicist specializing in heat and mass transfer, and an engineer specializing in fluid dynamic and unit operations communicating with the skills of an applied mathematician.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ROLE OF MACROPHAGE AND LYMPHOCYTE DERIVED AMPLIFICATION FACTORS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the immunological role of macrophage- and lymphocyte-derived amplification factors. Both macrophages (M O ) and lymphocytes produce lymphoproliferative factors. These or closely related factors enhance a wide variety of in vitro immunological reactions by promoting lymphocyte differentiation, maturation, and function. Macrophages produce the lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). M O are stimulated to produce more LAF when activated by a wide variety of stimulants, including adjuvants such as extracts of tubercle bacilli, endotoxin, phorbol myristic acetate, and a dialyzable extract of human lymphocytes containing the transfer factor. Lectin or antigen-activated lymphocytes or mediators made by the activated lymphocytes also stimulate M O to produce the LAF. Thus, this pathway may serve to rapidly augment inflammatory reactions. Supernatants or chromatography fractions containing human LAF may increase in vitro immunological reactions by stimulating the proliferation of mouse thymocytes and human peripheral T lymphocytes, by increasing the reactivity of stimulator and responder lymphocytes in the MLR, by promoting thymocyte differentiation, by increasing T helper cell promotion of antibody production, and by the activation of lymphokine production. Activated lymphocytes also produce lymphoproliferative factors that appear to be biochemically distinct from M O -derived factors.
The Colorado College Opportunity Fund: Subsidizing Students rather than Universities

Large-scale changes in the way public institutions are funded are relatively rare events that deserve close attention. In 2005, Colorado transformed its operating appropriations for undergraduate postsecondary education into vouchers that state residents can use to attend public and some private institutions. Subsequent evaluations have been critical, while failing to specify just what measurable changes in the behavior of postsecondary institutions were expected. The economic theory of nonprofit firms implies that colleges and universities will respond in various ways depending on their mission and the preferences of their academic principals. This may include reducing undergraduate enrollments. Preliminary empirical analysis suggests that differences in the ratio of direct government support to tuition and fee revenue may affect university behavior, but results for individual institutions in Colorado have not yet been determined.
ECOSTRESS end-to-end radiometric pre-flight calibration and validation (Conference Presentation)

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) will measure the temperature of plants and use that information to better understand how much water plants need and how they respond to stress. The radiometer on-board the ECOSTRESS payload provides 5 TIR spectral bands with approximately 70m pixels and a nearly 400km swath. This radiometer has two on-board blackbodies to maintain calibration every sweep of the scan mirror (1.4s). The system has undergone an end-to-end test in a thermal-vacuum (TVAC) chamber showing excellent pre-flight radiometric results. This performance is in part enabled by a newly developed, high-speed, low noise, readout electronics. The readout electronics converts all 32-analog channels to digital for on-board processing and down link. Noise equivalent delta temperature (NEDT) measurements and brightness temperature (BT) retrievals are well within requirements. The optical modulation transfer function (OMTF) is also within specification.