cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using stereoscopic 3D videos to inform the public about the benefits of computational science

This paper describes an effort to create and disseminate a series of stereoscopic 3D videos that raise awareness about the value of computational science. While the videos target the general population, including the K-12 community, the audience for this paper includes scientific or technical peers who may be interested in sharing or demonstrating their own work more broadly. After outlining the motivation and goals of the project, the authors describe the visual content and computational science behind each of the videos. We then discuss our highly collaborative production workflow that has evolved over the past decade, as well as our distribution mechanisms. We include a summary of the most relevant and appropriate stereoscopic display technologies for the intended audience. Lastly, we analyze and compare this work to other forms of engagement, summarize best practices, and describe potential improvements to future stereoscopic 3D video production.
The general mitochondrial matrix processing protease from rat liver: structural characterization of the catalytic subunit.

Abstract A critical step in the import of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins into mitochondria involves proteolytic cleavage of their amino-terminal leader peptides by processing proteases found in the mitochondrial matrix. We report here the characterization of the general matrix processing protease from rat liver mitochondria. The final enzyme preparation consisted of two polypeptides, a catalytically active 55-kDa subunit and a 52-kDa one. To deduce the complete primary structure of the 55-kDa subunit, we first sequenced its mature amino terminus and several tryptic peptides derived from the pure protein. Next, using mixed oligonucleotide primers that had sequences based on two of these peptides, we synthesized a partial cDNA probe by selective amplification of liver RNA with the polymerase chain reaction. The amplified probe was then used to obtain a nearly full-length clone from a rat liver cDNA library. This cDNA codes for 508 amino acid residues, including 16 residues of an amino-terminal leader peptide, the cleavage site of which is located two polypeptide bonds downstream from an arginine residue. The mature portion has a predicted molecular mass of 55.2 kDa; it shows 36% identity with the mitochondrial processing peptidases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa. A conserved structural feature is a putative, negatively charged alpha-helix, located in the amino-terminal half of the subunit; this element might be important for the recognition of positively charged leader peptides characteristic of mitochondrial precursor proteins.
Energy index approach for damage detection in nonlinear highway structures

Effective detection of structural damages has been a challenging issue in the health monitoring of highway bridge structures. Most currently used nondestructive detecting techniques, though, rely heavily either on extensive measurements of local structural behavior or on analysis based on linear dynamics using simple structural models. Their applications, therefore, are often limited by the experimental costs and the complexity of real bridge structures. This research explores the possibility of applying an energy index approach in general nonlinear finite element analysis for damage detection in highway bridge structures. The nonlinear behaviors of the bridges under dynamical loading conditions due to material inelastic deformation and crack damages have been considered. It is shown that by utilizing the energy balance rule for a general, dynamically loaded nonlinear solid body a spatially indexed, scalar energy parameter can be formulated based on the generalized J integral used in fracture mechanics. The evaluation of such an energy index can be implemented into general 3-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis procedures in computer simulations to detect and locate the structural damages within the highway bridge structures. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed energy index approach are illustrated in numerical simulation studies.
On Reynolds’ Discrimination and emission of temporal intervals by pigeons

On each of 200 daily trials, pigeons pecked a red key in order to turn it blue for 30 sec. If they waited a minimum interval of time before pecking in red, the blue key was associated with a variable-interval 1-min schedule for food; otherwise, it was associated with extinction. In a previous experiment using this procedure (Reynolds, 1966), the pigeons could not inhibit red keypecking, and various durations of wait were about equiprobable. However, the longer they waited, the faster they pecked the blue key. In this experiment, the pigeons learned to wait in red, so that longer duration waits were more probable. Again, the longer they waited, the faster they pecked the blue key. But, we found more uniform pecking in blue, suggesting that the control over blue keypecking by the duration of wait in red is different when the birds can and when they cannot inhibit pecking in red.
Risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery: the RACHS-1 method

The new health care environment has increased the need for accurate information about outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery to facilitate quality improvement efforts both locally and globally. The Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) method was created to allow a refined understanding of differences in mortality among patients undergoing congenital heart surgery, as would typically be encountered within a pediatric population. RACHS-1 can be used to evaluate differences in mortality among groups of patients within a single dataset, such as variability among institutions. It can also be used to evaluate the performance of a single institution in comparison to other benchmark data, provided that complete model parameters are known. Underlying assumptions about RACHS-1 risk categories, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and appropriate and inappropriate uses are discussed.
Changes of cell behavior by near-infrared signals

3T3 mouse fibroblasts responded differently to specific near-infered signals than epithelial CV1 cell. Furthermore, signals with the same wavelength and energy changed the percentages of attracted and repelled 3T3 cells if their intensity modulation was altered. I found this result in a 22 month long study which established a spectrum of motile responses of 781 individual 3T3 cells and 148 CV1 cells to the near-infrared emissions of microscopic, pulsating light sources using the infrared spot-irradiation phase-contrast (IRSIP) microscopic [Albrecht-Buehler, 1991: J. Cell Biol. 114:493–502]. Thus the response of cultured, mammalian cells to near-infrared light signals is not merely a matter of total energy absorption by cirtain cytoplasmic componets. Since it seems to depend on the cell type and the temporal pattern in which the light energy is emitted, it appears to imply the existence of a new kind of cellular information. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Covering theorems for the core model, and an application to stationary set reflection

Abstract We prove covering theorems for K , where K is the core model below the sharp for a strong cardinal, and give an application to stationary set reflection.
Water/magma interaction: some theory and experiments on peperite formation

Experiments, using molten thermite as a magma analog, produce peperite when the melt interacts with wet sand. These experiments also show explosive behavior, developing Strombolian- and Surtseyan-like bursts. The results demonstrate that the application of fuel–coolant interaction (FCI) theory is appropriate for interpretation of peperites. The theory described includes discussion of the importance of mass interaction ratios of wet sediment and magma (Rs), which determine thermal equilibrium temperature limits and contact interface dynamics. The dynamics of the interface between magma and wet sediments involves heat transfer over a wide range of rates from passive quenching to explosive fragmentation. A vapor film layer develops at the interface and acts both as an insulating barrier, promoting passive quenching, as well as a potential energy reservoir that can cause magma fragmentation, mingling of the magma with wet sediments, and explosive quenching when the vapor film becomes unstable. An important parameter in determining the behavior of the vapor film is the value of Rs, which controls whether heat can be convectively removed from the layer as more is being added from its contact with magma. If Rs>1 for fully saturated sediments, there is enough water in the sediments to make convective heat flow effective in quenching the magma, but below that value, there is the potential that the vapor film will be unstable, producing highly dynamic phenomena, including explosive fragmentation. At values of Rs<0.1 there is insufficient water to allow the escalation of explosive fragmentation.
The Formose Reaction on a Synthetic Zeolite Impregnated with Thiazolium Catalyst

We investigated the formose reaction using a zeolite impregnated with thiazolium catalyst. The zeolite catalyzed the formose reaction in an organic solvent and then the reaction rate was pseudo first order with respect to the formaldehyde concentration. The main products were DHA, erythrulose, and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-pentulose. The selectivity of the branched sugar was increased by the choice of conditions. For the reuse of the catalytic zeolite, washing with water was one of the important factors. These results are important for sugar synthesis processes from formaldehyde in one step.
A fractured reaction to the Christmas bomber

The attempted suicide bomb on the Christmas Day Delta flight 253 heading for Detroit has prompted a long overdue assessment of the UK's security preparedness. Following the airport's failure to detect the explosive material, concealed under Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's clothing, the government has made a number of reassuring pronouncements, and full-body scanners have been swiftly placed on order. Given my background in the British army and at defence research company Qinetiq, I have first-hand experience of working with this technology. While these scanners have been presented as a panacea for securing our borders, the emphasis is in my opinion, misplaced.
The Relationship between Transit Ridership and Urban Decentralisation: Insights from Atlanta

Conventional wisdom suggests that the increasing decentralisation of population and employment in US metropolitan areas is to blame for declining public transit mode shares and deteriorating system productivity. Proponents of this view assert that transit performs best when it connects suburbs to central business districts in more centralised urban environments. Our time-series analysis of transit patronage in Atlanta suggests that the previously reported secular decline in transit patronage is attributable to employment decentralisation outside the MARTA service area but that this can be reduced if the transit system makes decentralising employment reachable.
Performance of threading scoring functions designed using new optimization method.

We present a new procedure for optimization of a threading scoring function. A scoring function is usually formulated in terms of the structural environment states that describe the protein fold model. We propose a method for the optimal selection of those structural environment states that naturally follows from the probabilistic description of the threading problem and is done prior to threading experiments. We demonstrate the selection of the optimal structural environment states for the solvent exposure of the amino acid position, and present the results of threading experiments performed using scoring functions designed with and without the optimization of the structural environment states. These results confirm that the optimal scoring function predicts the sequence-to-structure alignments most accurately. Threading experiments performed with 15 optimally designed scoring functions show that the correlation coefficient between the information content of the amino acid distribution that determines th...
Buridan's Bridge

John Buridan's Sophismata contains some of the most interesting puzzles and paradoxes of any of the many surviving medieval informal logic manuals. Buridan's purpose is not only to illustrate and challenge Aristotelian syllogistic with difficulties of interpretation, but also in part to lay logical philosophical foundations for a radically nominalistic ontology in the tradition of William of Ockham.
Gas—surface reactivity in mixed-crystal systems: the reaction of GeH4 and Ge2H6 on Si surfaces

Abstract Supersonic molecular beam techniques have been employed to examine the dissociative adsorption of GeH4 and Ge2H6 on the Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces. At sufficiently high incident kinetic energies (⩾ 1 eV), both species on both surfaces react via a direct dissociation mechanism. At sufficiently low incident kinetic energies (⩽ 0.6 eV) and substrate temperatures, however, dissociation of Ge2H6 on the Si(100) surface proceeds primarily through a trapping, precursor-mediated dissociation channel. Study of this “mixed-crystal” system, i.e., GenH2n + 2 on Si, has permitted important comparisons to two related systems: the reactions of these same gas phase species (GeH4 and Ge2H6) on Ge surfaces, and the reactions of silanes (SiH4 and Si2H6) on these same Si surfaces. We find that the Si surfaces are much more reactive (as much as a factor of 10) than their Ge counterparts, whereas, under similar reaction conditions, and on the same Si surface, the Ge hydrides are moderately more reactive (≈ factor of 2) than the Si hydrides. The reactivity of ultrathin (≈ 2 monolayers) Ge(a) epitaxial layers has also been examined. On Si(100), these strained Ge epitaxial layers exhibit a reactivity that is intermediate between those observed on clean Si(100) and on clean (bulk) Ge(100) surfaces. This example illustrates the role that strain can play in gas-surface reactivity, heretofore, an almost unexamined subject. On the other hand, on Si(111), the Ge epitaxial layer is less reactive than both clean elemental surfaces, and this behavior is attributed to intrinsically low reactivity exhibited by the Ge-induced (5 × 5) reconstruction known to form on this surface.
Prevention and treatment of spontaneous leukemia in germfree akr mice.

SummaryGermfree AKR mice were inoculated with cyclophosphamide at weekly intervals for long periods. Leukemia was prevented for 13 months so long as treatment was continued, but the disease appeared after the treatment was stopped. Similar treatments of leukemic AKR mice deferred the fatal issue significantly. However, the leukemic process was suppressed and not cured. Germfree AKR mice offer distinct experimental advantages for studies on leukemia.
Positive feedbacks promote power-law clustering of Kalahari vegetation

Arid ecosystems cover about 40% of Earth's land area and are home to over two billion people, yet they remain vulnerable to climate change and human actions. Using numerical simulations, and data from Mediterranean ecosystems in Spain, Morocco and Greece, Kefi et al. show that patch-size distribution of vegetation follows a power law. As grazing pressure increases, patch size deviates from the power law close to the transition to desert conditions. So patch-size distribution may be a useful early warning of desertification. The cover shows an arid landscape (top) in the El Planeron nature reserve in Belchite, Spain, and the lower panels show degradation in this landscape. In a separate paper, Scanlon et al. use satellite imagery to show that the size distribution of tree clusters in the Kalahari basin also follows a scale-free power law. This can be explained by positive feedback associated with preferential environments near existing trees. In News & Views Ricard Sole discusses both papers. COVER IMAGE Sonia & Michael Kefi/ Yolanda Pueyo/ Santiago Begueria Portugues It is shown that clusters of tree canopies within Kalahari landscape in southern Africa lack characteristic size, with the size distributions following power laws. Model results indicate that this apparent self-organized behaviour can be explained by positive feedbacks that operate in this water-limited ecosystem as a result of preferential environments formed within the vicinity of existing trees. The concept of local-scale interactions driving large-scale pattern formation has been supported by numerical simulations, which have demonstrated that simple rules of interaction are capable of reproducing patterns observed in nature1,2. These models of self-organization suggest that characteristic patterns should exist across a broad range of environmental conditions provided that local interactions do indeed dominate the development of community structure. Readily available observations that could be used to support these theoretical expectations, however, have lacked sufficient spatial extent or the necessary diversity of environmental conditions to confirm the model predictions. We use high-resolution satellite imagery to document the prevalence of self-organized vegetation patterns across a regional rainfall gradient in southern Africa, where percent tree cover ranges from 65% to 4%. Through the application of a cellular automata model, we find that the observed power-law distributions of tree canopy cluster sizes can arise from the interacting effects of global-scale resource constraints (that is, water availability) and local-scale facilitation. Positive local feedbacks result in power-law distributions without entailing threshold behaviour commonly associated with criticality. Our observations provide a framework for integrating a diverse suite of previous studies that have addressed either mean wet season rainfall or landscape-scale soil moisture variability as controls on the structural dynamics of arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
Pollen of the Triassic cycad Delemaya spinulosa and implications on cycad evolution

The Cycadales are an order of gymnosperms that represent one of the oldest lineages of seed plants. Cycads are thought to have originated in the Carboniferous, and subsequently diversified and geographically expanded throughout the Mesozoic. Despite the geologic diversity of the group, the evolutionary history of cycads remains unresolved. To a large degree this is because the leaves of cycads and various other fossil groups (e.g., pteridosperms and Bennettitales) are morphologically similar. To date there are relatively few fossil cycad reproductive structures. Several are known from the Permian of China, but these compression specimens provide little detailed information useful in tracing the evolution of cycad cone morphology and anatomy. A permineralized cycad pollen cone from the Triassic of Antarctica, Delemaya spinulosa, contains in situ pollen. The objective of the current study is to further elaborate the structure of the pollen grains in this species, with particular emphasis directed at the structure and organization of the pollen wall. The elliptical shape, monosulcate aperture, and small size of the pollen grains are like those of extant Cycadales. The exine, although originally described as homogenous, appears to possess an alveolar organization. Pollen and cone features are compared to those in extant Cycadales.
Temperature measurement of metal-coated silicon wafers by double-pass infrared transmission

We report the measurement of the temperature of metal-coated silicon wafers by a double-pass infrared transmission technique. Infrared light incident on the backside of the wafer passes through the wafer, and is re-emitted out the backside after reflecting off the metal surface on the front side of the wafer. The temperature is inferred by the change in the re-emitted signal due to absorption in the wafer. The work has been demonstrated on double-polished wafers from 100/spl deg/C to 550/spl deg/C using wavelengths from 1.1 to 1.55 /spl mu/m. A method for overcoming limitations of the present arrangement for wafers with a rough backside is proposed. >
“Serpentinomics”—An Emerging New Field of Study

Abstract “Serpentinomics” is an emerging field of study which has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of serpentine ecology. Several newly developing —omic fields, often using high-throughput tools developed for molecular biology, will advance the field of serpentine ecology, or, “serpentinomics.” Using tools from the fields of ionomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and genomics, researchers will be able to address new (and old) ecological questions in powerful and creative ways. In particular, “serpentinomics” has the potential to uncover the mechanistic and genetic basis of the complexities of tolerance of and adaptation to serpentine soils, including the biochemistry of hyperaccumulation. Here we outline each of these —omic fields and describe possible applications to the field of serpentine ecology.
Differential modulation schemes for decode-and-forward cooperative diversity

In this paper, we develop a cooperative diversity scheme that supports decode-and-forward cooperative diversity in the absence of channel state information (CSI) at either user or destination terminals. The proposed scheme employs differential modulation in the broadcast phase, whereas in the relay phase, the information is retransmitted from relay terminals using differential space-time codes. The proposed scheme has a simple structure. In forming a differential space-time code in the relay phase, in addition to the information to be relayed, a relay terminal requires only the portion of the previous codeword transmitted from the same terminal. When different users have different channel quality to the destination, it is pointed out that unitary codes remain the optimum in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios.
Advance Organizers: A Review of the Research—Part I

This article reviews previous research on advance organizers, introductory text adjuncts intended to provide the reader of expository text with a meaningful context within which to process unfamiliar, or difficult, new information. Research conducted during the past thirty years well documents the fact that advance organizers do, indeed, inspire significant increases in comprehension among readers whose prior knowledge “subsumers” are inadequate to provide a necessary assimilative context. One issue on which theorists yet disagree, however, is the efficacy of advance organizers in facilitating the acquisition of subordinate text detail, or facts. Definitional inconsistencies and methodological deficiencies in previous research have clouded this issue. Subsequently in this journal, Part II of this article will present the results of two empirical studies that resolve these methodological problems and specifically address the question of the effects of advance organizers on the acquisition of text detail.
Highly flexible and biocompatible Carbon Nanotube thin film transistors

We demonstrate a highly flexible and biocompatible Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWNT) based thin film transistor (TFT). These devices were fabricated on a parylene-C substrate (10μm) and encapsulated from the environment with a 1μm thick parylene-C layer. Carbon nanotube (CNT) TFT was realized by field assisted (dielectrophoretic) assembly followed by electrical breakdown of SWNTs at room temperature. These SWNT TFTs exhibited p-type behavior with a mobility of ~55cm2/Vs and an ON/OFF ratio of ~103. The flexible SWNT transistors did not display any significant changes in their performance after repetitive bending tests. The ON current of the transistor deviated by only ±8.9% after sharp folding (R=1.5mm) conditions. The potential applications of parylene-C packaged flexible SWNT field effect transistors (FET) are numerous including disposable biosensors, wearable and implantable electronics and sensors.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the RBANS in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Limitations on Assessing Milder Impairments

The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) has demonstrated adequate sensitivity in detecting cognitive impairment in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's disease. However, its ability to detect milder cognitive deficits in the elderly has not been examined. The current study examined the clinical utility of the RBANS by comparing two groups: Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 72) and cognitively intact peers (n = 71). Significant differences were observed on the RBANS Total score, 3 of the 5 Indexes, and 6 of the 12 subtests, with individuals with MCI performing worse than the comparison participants. Specificity was very good, but sensitivity ranged from poor to moderate. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the RBANS Immediate and Delayed Memory Indexes and the Total Scale score were adequate. Although significant differences were observed between groups and the areas under the curves were adequate, the lower sensitivity values of the RBANS suggests that caution should be used when diagnosing conditions such as MCI.
Impact of a Performance Improvement CME activity on the care and treatment of patients with psoriasis.

Background The Performance Improvement (PI) CME format improves physician performance in other specialties but data are lacking in dermatology. Objective We sought to assess the impact of a PI CME activity on physician practice patterns for patients with psoriasis, which was developed, implemented, and evaluated by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), in part to assist dermatologists in fulfilling Part IV of their Maintenance of Certification requirements. Methods In this PI CME activity, participants: (1) self-audited patient charts, which met inclusion criteria in stage A, and reflected on their results, benchmarked against peers; (2) reviewed educational materials in stage B and developed an improvement plan; and (3) self-audited a different set of patient charts following the plan's implementation. Aggregate stage A and C data were analyzed using χ 2 tests. Results We found a statistically significant improvement in the advisement of patients with psoriasis regarding their increased risk for cardiovascular disease, to contact their primary care provider for cardiovascular risk assessment, and in shared decision making regarding the treatment plan. We also found an overall statistically significant improvement in history taking per the guidelines. Limitations Learner chart selection bias, self-reporting of chart data, and lack of a control group are limitations. Conclusions The AAD psoriasis PI CME activity demonstrated significantly improved dermatologists' documentation of patient's history, counseling of patients for lifestyle behaviors, and shared decision making.
PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF CEFOVECIN IN DOGS

A series of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cefovecin, a new injectable cephalosporin, in dogs. Absolute bioavailability was determined in a two-phase cross-over study in dogs receiving 8 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w.) of cefovecin by either subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) route. After s.c. administration, cefovecin was fully bioavailable (100%), the mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 121 microg/mL and the mean apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) was 133 h. Clearance was measured to be 0.76 mL/h/kg after i.v. dosing. The concentration of cefovecin in urine measured 14 days after s.c. administration was 2.9 microg/mL. Plasma protein binding was determined by equilibrium dialysis; over concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 microg/mL (i.e. up to the approximate Cmax following an 8 mg/kg dose), protein binding of 98.7% to 96.0% was observed, however, binding was lower at higher concentrations. Total and free concentrations of cefovecin were determined in plasma, transudate and exudate collected from dogs previously implanted subcutaneously with tissue cages. Mean peak concentrations of free cefovecin were almost three times higher in transudate than in plasma and remained above 0.25 microg/mL for 19 days. The ex vivo antibacterial killing activity (vs. Staphylococcus intermedius, MIC 0.25 microg/mL) was measured in serum, transudate and exudate collected from dogs which had received 8 mg/kg b.w. of cefovecin subcutaneously. Transudate exhibited higher antimicrobial killing activity than serum. Activity in serum and exudate exhibited a mean reduction in bacterial counts of S. intermedius of at least three log units up to 72 h postadministration. Bactericidal activity (>3 log10 reduction of bacterial counts) was observed in transudate up to 12 days postadministration. The slow elimination and long lasting ex vivo antibacterial killing activity following administration of cefovecin are desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes for an antimicrobial drug with 14-day dosing intervals.
Are aliens green? Assessing foreign establishments' environmental conduct in the United states

Previous research has found that foreign-owned establishments often lack specific capabilities needed to respond to local business conditions and are held to a higher standard by local stakeholders. These establishments compensate, however, by possessing offsetting capabilities such as technological excellence. In this article, we investigate how these conflicting forces shape the environmental conduct of foreign-owned facilities. Using data from the Environmental Protection Agency, we find that foreign-owned establishments generate more waste yet manage more waste than U.S.-owned establishments. We also find evidence that both domestic and foreign-owned firms generate more waste if they operate multiple facilities across multiple jurisdictions in the United States. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of shape in 4-month-old infants’ object segregation

This research examined four-month-old infants’ use of featural information (shape or color and pattern) to segregate a display into two adjacent pieces. The infants were shown displays consisting of two objects that were the same or different in shape and that were decorated with either similar or different surface markings such that featural information could suggest that the two portions were either connected or not. Three displays were created that allowed the comparison of infants’ use of shape information and color and pattern information. The results suggest that, at four months of age, infants are more likely to use shape differences than color and pattern differences to find object boundaries. The results are discussed in the context of infants’ learning about the utility of different sources of information for predicting object boundary locations.
Stent-graft repair of a splenic artery aneurysm

A 38-year-old man with an 8-month history of left flank pain was found on computed tomography to have a 1.5-cm saccular aneurysm in the splenic artery. The history was otherwise remarkable only for intermittent nausea and vomiting over the past year. An aortogram showed a wide-necked saccular aneurysm in the mid portion of a large and nontortuous splenic artery (A). Because of the anatomy of the artery, the location of the aneurysm, and the patient’s desire to avoid an open operation, he was considered an ideal candidate for endovascular therapy. Endovascular repair of the splenic artery aneurysm was performed with local anesthesia and conscious sedation, with a selfexpanding stent-graft. The splenic artery was catheterized selectively with a 5F Cobra Catheter (Cook Inc, Bloomington, Ind) over a 0.035-inch hydrophyllic wire, and an arteriogram was performed(B).TheglidewirewasexchangedforanAmplatzwire,
Characterization of a Severe Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus Seedborne in Cowpea

A new seedborne strain of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) that induces severe symptoms on many cowpea genotypes was detected in Georgia in 1994. This strain, designated CMV-Csb, is asymptomatic on tobacco, but it produces more severe cowpea stunt symptoms when present in combination with blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus than do the more prevalent CMV isolates. The new strain is seedborne in cowpea (1.5 to 37%), has no associated satellite RNA, and is classified as a member of subgroup I of CMV strains based on nucleic acid hybridization assays.
In vivo localization of fascicular activity

Users of modern high degree of freedom prosthetics need to provide a large number of natural, intuitive command signals in order to realize the high level of dexterity these devices offer. This level of natural control is beginning to be seen with new technologies like Targeted Muscle Reinnervation; however several serious drawbacks still exist. Flat Interface Nerve Electrode recordings provide a safe and stable means to record natural, intuitive volitional command signals. We investigate the use of Antenna Array techniques to separate command signals from different sources based on their spatial distribution within the nerve. Through a Rabbit sciatic model, it is shown that the system is able to separate compound action potentials elicited from the Tibial and Peroneal branches using 16-channel recordings made on the main sciatic nerve trunk.
The Limits of Cooperation in Regulating the Illicit Global Economy

Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder: International Cooperation Against Illicit Trade. By Asif Efrat. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 384 pp., $49.95 hardback (ISBN-13: 978-0-199-76030-5). Slowly but surely, International Relations scholars are going over to the dark side. No, I don't mean they have embraced their inner Darth Vader. Rather, they have increasingly discovered the illicit world of drug smugglers, black market arms dealers, money launderers, tomb raiders, and sex traffickers—perhaps we could call this world the seamy underside of globalization. It is actually an old world that long predates “globalization” as a popular buzzword, but it is a relatively new world in terms of IR scholars actually recognizing its existence and importance as a subject of study. And it's long overdue. The latest example of this IR discovery is Asif Efrat's timely and wide-ranging book, Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder: International Cooperation Against Illicit Trade . The IR literature on international cooperation is, of course, vast and well-established. The same cannot be said of the literature on international cooperation in regulating illicit cross-border economic flows. In fact, this is one of the few books on the subject. Moreover, Efrat's approach is decidedly “mainstream,” bringing a notoriously unconventional subject into a notoriously conventional literature. This is a welcome and refreshing move, and Efrat's book makes a valuable contribution to the international cooperation literature. Nevertheless, Efrat's argument does not stray far from this literature's conventional liberal roots. In this sense, he reaffirms and extends more than …
Sexual Orientation and Demand for the Arts

Objective. We establish and try to explain a gay affinity for the arts. Methods. Using logit analysis on the General Social Survey, we test whether demographics, creativity, gender nonconformity, and sexual repression can explain differences between lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and others in attendance at art museums, classical music concerts, and dance performances. Results. LGBs' higher education and probability of being childless city-dwellers explain one-third of the substantial attendance differences. However, LGBs do not demonstrate higher innate creativity through greater amateur production of art; gay men's affinity for the arts appears no stronger than lesbians', casting doubt on the gender nonconformity explanation; and LGB-straight attendance differences are as large among young as older respondents, despite supposed declines in the special functions of arts attendance since gay liberation. Conclusions. LGBs are much more likely to attend the arts than demographically similar heterosexuals, but we find little support for three conventional explanations.
The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence

The developmental pathways leading to personality disorders are poorly understood, but clues to these pathways come from recent research on personality disorders and normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. The first section of this paper reviews recent work on personality disorders in childhood and adolescence, and concludes that personality disorders in adolescence are already prevalent, moderately stable, and impairing. The second section draws on McAdams and Pals' personality model to offer a taxonomy of personality differences that can account for the known patterns of emerging personality pathology. This taxonomy includes youths' temperament and personality traits, mental representations (including attachment), coping strategies, and narrative identities. Individual differences in all of these domains may play critical roles in the development, manifestation, and course of personality disorders. Existing knowledge of normal and abnormal personality development can inform future research on the developmental pathways leading to personality pathology, the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders, and the development of validated treatments for personality disorders in the first two decades of life.
Frequent Detection of Polyomaviruses in Stool Samples from Hospitalized Children

Infection with BK virus (BKV) generally occurs early during life, but its mode of transmission has not been clearly defined. We tested the hypothesis that polyomavirus shedding in stool may be a source of BKV exposure.METHODS. Pediatric stool and rectal swab samples were tested for the presence of polyomavirus DNA by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that could detect a conserved region in the large T antigen gene of BKV, JC virus (JCV), and simian virus 40 (SV40). The specific viruses detected by this assay were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons.Results. Of 120 samples collected from 99 patients, 54 (45.0%) were positive for polyomavirus DNA. Of the 99 patients, 46 (46.5%) had at least 1 positive sample, with 38 (38.4%) positive for BKV and 8 (8.1%) positive for SV40. JCV was not detected. There was no association between polyomavirus fecal shedding and age, sex, race/ethnicity, immune status, or symptoms of gastrointestinal disease in the children studied. The BKV strains detected displayed polymorphisms in the T antigen sequence.Conclusions. Polyomaviruses are frequently present in stool samples from hospitalized children. These findings suggest that fecal-oral transmission of BKV may play a role in the ubiquity of infection.
FISH AT HOME IN ACID LAKE

![Figure][1] The remarkable Osorezan dace is a cyprinid fish that spends most of its life in the extremely acidic waters of Lake Osorezan in Japan, where the pH can vary anywhere from 3.8 down to 3.4! For most fish, long-term acid exposure is terminal, dramatically affecting the gill, which
DNA Methylation and Structural and Functional Bimodality of Vertebrate Promoters

Human promoters divide into 2 classes, the low CpG (LCG) and the high CpG (HCG), based on their CpG dinucleotide content. The LCG class of promoters is hypermethylated and is associated with tissue-specific genes, whereas the HCG class is hypomethylated and associated with broadly expressed genes. By analyzing several chordate genomes separated for hundreds of millions of years, here we show that the divide between low CpG and high CpG promoters is conserved in several distantly related vertebrate taxa (including human, chicken, frog, lizard, and fish) but not in close invertebrate outgroups (sea squirts). Furthermore, LCG and HCG promoters are distinctively associated with tissue-specific and broadly expressed genes in these distantly related vertebrate taxa. Our results indicate that the function of DNA methylation on gene expression is conserved across these vertebrate taxa and suggest that the 2 classes of promoters have evolved early in vertebrate evolution, as a consequence of the advent of global DNA methylation.
Magnetic-monopole interactions

We study the long-range interactions between an arbitrary number of finite-energy monopoles in non-Abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breakdown. The Higgs fields may belong to either the adjoint representation or to an arbitrary representation of the gauge group $G$ with residual symmetry group U(1). We use the conservation properties of the stress-energy tensor to calculate the instantaneous force on monopoles starting from given initial field configurations. We show that when the Higgs fields belong to the adjoint representation of $G$, the stress-energy tensor vanishes everywhere in the Prasad-Sommerfield limit leading to a "no-interaction" result for a system of monopoles (or antimonopoles, but not both). When the monopoles are widely separated, one may picture each of them as consisting of a "core" outside which (the exterior region) the Yang-Mills gauge potentials obey free-field Yang-Mills equations. We find exact solutions in the exterior region (exterior solutions) and show how they determine the desired long-range interactions through the stress-energy tensor. One is led to a very simple physical interpretation of the interactions as consisting of Coulomb-type attractive or repulsive forces due to magnetic charges and Newtonian or Yukawa-type attractive forces due to Higgs fields. We show how these forces differ when we have massive and massless Higgs fields. In the massless case, the Coulomb and Newtonian forces do not have the same strength in general. From this result and also the mass spectrum, we find that the conjectured symmetry between gauge particles and finite-energy monopoles is limited to the case when the Higgs fields belong to the adjoint representation.
Potential impact of ANSI Z10 and CSA Z1000 on reducing electric shock and arc flash injuries

The scopes of NFPA 70E-2009 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, and CSA Z462–2008, Workplace Electrical Safety, currently limit these standards from addressing engineering design solutions and other aspects of safety management strategies as part of comprehensive measures necessary to effectively manage electrical safety in the workplace. If this limitation is not understood when applying these standards, an organization desiring to reduce or eliminate electrical incidents and injuries in its operations may not realize the full potential of aspiring to this goal. The 2009 revision of NFPA 70E and the 2008 first edition of CSA Z462, include reference to ANSI Z10–2005 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (in NFPA 70E) and CSA Z1000–2006 Occupational Health and Safety Management (in CSA Z462) for a comprehensive approach to managing exposure to hazards in the workplace. This is in recognition that safe work practices, which are the primary content of NFPA 70E and CSA Z462, are just one part of a comprehensive electrical safety program. In further recognition of other measures critical to optimizing electrical safety performance, CSA Z462 includes a new annex, “Annex A - Aligning Implementation of Z462 with Occupational Health and Safety Management Standards”. Additional measures to support these concepts in IEEE Standard 902, IEEE Guide for Maintenance, Operation, and Safety of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Yellow Book) are proposed.
Development of backsheet tests and measurements to improve correlation of accelerated exposures to fielded modules

Matching accelerated test results to field observations is an important objective in the photovoltaic industry. We continue to develop test methods to strengthen correlations. We have previously reported good correlation of FTIR spectra between accelerated tests and field measurements. The availability of portable FTIR spectrometers has made measurement in the field convenient and reliable. Recently, nano-indentation has shown promise to correlate changes in backsheet mechanical properties. A precisely shaped stylus is pressed into a sample, load vs displacement recorded and mechanical properties of interest calculated in a nondestructive test. This test can be done on full size modules, allowing area variations in mechanical properties to be recorded. Finally, we will discuss optical profilometry. In this technique a white light interferogram of a surface is Fourier transformed to produce a three-dimensional image. Height differences from 1 nm to 5 mm can be detected over an area of a few cm. This technique can be used on minimodules, and is useful to determine crack and defect dimensions. Results will be presented correlating accelerated tests with fielded modules covering spectroscopic, mechanical, and morphological changes.
Strategic Delay in Dynamic Matching Markets

Many matching markets between institutions and agents repeat periodically and new agents appear in each period. However, the agents appearing in some period may strategically delay their time of entering the markets. This will cause oversupply of agents in later periods so that the agents in later periods may also strategically delay their entry. We propose a model to study these kind of markets. We show that the incentive of delay can spread across periods. Although delay is the rational choice of individual agents, delay harms most agents and lowers their total welfare.
Evaluation of Baiting Techniques for Sampling Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Infesting Wheat in Washington

Field comparisons of several baits in attracting wireworms, primarily Great Basin wireworms, Ctenicera pruinina (Horn), showed that fewer wireworms were found at stations baited with carrot, potato, or wheat bran than at those baited with a 1:1 whole wheat-corn mixture or wheat flour. Counts at stations baited with whole ground wheat, whole wheat, and whole corn were intermediate. Baits consisting of a 1:1 wheat-corn mixture, either dry or presoaked in water, either covered with a polyethylene sheet or not, and exposed for 1, 2, or 3 weeks during March through June in fallow ground, were evaluated for their efficiency in attracting wireworms. In general, presoaking or covering baits made little difference in the mean number of wireworms attracted as compared with dry or uncovered baits. However, the bait combination attracting the highest number of wireworms was soaked, covered, and exposed for 3 weeks in April. Low soil temperature was apparently the limiting factor in attracting wireworrns to baits in March, whereas low soil moisture was the limiting factor in June. When the mean number of wireworrns from all unbaited soil samples was compared with that at baits, different ratios were obtained for each of three exposure periods each month. However, if additional studies in other areas can verify the efficacy of the baiting technique, it could be used to estimate wireworm population densities in the field.
Manet: The Execution of Maximilian: Painting, Politics, and Censorship

Scholars and students of art and art history, the history of literature, culture and social history of 19th-century France, and the history of taste and censorship. Collectors, dealers and the non-specialist Manet enthusiast.