cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
c-Src activation by the E5 oncoprotein enables transformation independently of PDGF receptor activation.

The E5 oncoprotein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is a Golgi-resident, hydrophobic polypeptide that can transform immortalized fibroblasts by activating endogenous platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGF-R). However, the existence of E5 mutants that dissociate transformation from PDGF-R activation implies that there are additional mechanism(s) by which E5 can transform cells. We now show that both wt E5, and transforming E5 mutants that are defective for PDGF-R activation, constitutively activate endogenous c-Src in NIH3T3 cell lines to levels normally associated with acute growth factor stimulation. The ubiquitous Src family protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) Fyn is not activated by these E5 constructs, nor are focal adhesion kinase and endogenous receptor PTKs for insulin, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor. We further demonstrate that transforming activity of the L26A E5 mutant, which is highly defective for PDGF-R activation, depends on its ability to activate Src. L26A E5 does not transform SYF cells that are deficient for Src, Fyn and Yes, unless Src expression is reconstituted, and does not transform NIH3T3 cells in which Src PTK activity is maintained at a basal level by means of kinase-defective K295R Src overexpression.
Non-constant learning rates in retrospective experience curve analyses and their correlation to deployment programs

Abstract A key challenge for policy-makers is estimating future technology costs and the rate of cost reduction versus production volume. A related critical question is what role state and federal governments should have in advancing energy efficient and renewable energy technologies. We derive learning rates for six technologies (electronic ballasts, magnetic ballasts, compact fluorescent lighting, general service fluorescent lighting, stationary fuel cells, and the installed price of residential solar PV) and provide an overview and timeline of historical deployment programs, such as state and federal standards and incentive programs, for each technology. Piecewise linear regimes are observed in a range of technology experience curves, and deployment programs are found to be strongly correlated to an increase in learning rate across multiple technologies. A downward bend in the experience curve is found in 5 out of the 6 energy-related technologies presented here. In each of the five downward-bending experience curves, we believe that an increase in the learning rate can be linked to deployment programs to some degree. This work sheds light on the endogenous versus exogenous contributions to technological innovation and can inform future policy investment direction and can shed light on market transformation and technology learning behavior.
Screening and identification of yellow fever virus-specific antigens

Objective To screen and identify yellow fever virus specific antigens for the diagnosis of the disease.Methods The bioinformatic software DNAstar and ANTHEPROT were used to analyze the features of proteins including their hydrophilicity,flexibility,surface probability and antigenicity and their secondary structures,those possible shared and specific antigen epitopes were predicted and analyzed systematically especially for their conservation in different strains.Based on the result of bioinformatic analysis,some antigen epitopes were amplified and inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pMal-c2x which was then transferred into Rosetta(DE3).Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG)and SDS-PAGE were used to induce the expression and-dentification of proteins.Then the antigenicity of expressed proteins was determined by Western blot.Results 27 epitopes were efficiently expressed in E.coli and YFV22 segment was found to be highly specific and sensitive which could detect very low level of monoclonal antibody and also had no cross reaction with other viruses.Conclusions Antigen fragment YFV22 specific to yellow fever virus is obtained and can be used to develop immunological diagnostic reagents.
Study on physicochemical characterization of third stage anisakis simplex larvae(L_3)

Objective:To observe the characteristics of biology and physicochemical of the third stage anisakis simplex larvae(L3) and to provide the basis of the anisakiasis prevention and control.Methods:The survival tolerance of the third stage anisakis simplex larvae(L3) in various medium,anthelmintic drug,temperature were observed in laboratory condition.Results:The third stage anisakis simplex larvae(L3) had a high endurance to stock condiment and the anisakicidal effects of the high purity wine was more effective than that of the low purity wine.The anisakicidal effects of 6.25 g/L mebendazole composite was more effective than that of 18.75 g/L and also more effective than that of another drugs.The third stage anisakis simplex larvae(L3) could be alive with length up to 9 h and 12 h in condition of-20℃,-10℃ and very sensitive to high temperature treatment.,barely less than 11s and 1s could be alive in 50℃ and 60℃.Conclusion:The third stage anisakis simplex larvae(L3) was shown to have a fairly good tolerance to the external environments.There time the marine fish freeze in condition of-20℃ beyond 24 h before their come into the market,So cooking with high temperature,long time combine with good dietary habit are useful to effective prevention and control in infect of anisakis.
PrEP Awareness and Attitudes in a National Survey of Primary Care Clinicians in the United States, 2009-2015.

Objectives As trials were assessing the safety and efficacy of daily oral antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection, there was a clear need to understand the evolution of knowledge of, and attitudes toward, PrEP among primary care clinicians. Methods Physicians and nurse practitioners were surveyed in 2009 (n = 1500), 2010 (n = 1504), 2012 (n = 1503), 2013 (n = 1507), 2014 (n = 1508) and 2015 (n = 1501) to assess their awareness of PrEP, willingness to prescribe PrEP, and whether they support use of public funds to pay for PrEP. Pharmacists (n = 251) were surveyed about PrEP in 2012 only. Descriptive statistics were computed for physician demographics and PrEP-related questions. Prevalence ratios for willingness to prescribe PrEP were computed using Poisson regression analysis. Results Awareness of PrEP was low among clinicians (2009: 24%, 2010: 29%) but increased after trials reported effectiveness (2012: 49%, 2013: 51%, 2014: 61%, 2015: 66%). Following a description of PrEP with an estimated effectiveness of 75%, across 6 of the study years 91% of clinicians indicated a willingness to prescribe PrEP to at least one group at high risk of HIV acquisition. A smaller majority of clinicians indicated support for public funding of PrEP in 2009: 59%, 2010: 53%, and 2013: 63%. Conclusions In surveys conducted before and after the release of PrEP trial results, primary care clinicians were largely unaware of PrEP. They indicated high levels of willingness to prescribe it for patients at high risk of HIV acquisition and expressed interest in education about how to deliver this new clinical HIV prevention method. It will be important to continue monitoring clinician knowledge, attitudes, and practices as the use of PrEP increases in the US.
A randomized prospective long-term (>1 year) clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation to 980 nm laser ablation of the great saphenous vein:

Purpose To compare the short- and long-term (>1 year) efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (ClosureFAST™) versus endovenous laser ablation (980 nm diode laser) for the treatment of superficial venous insufficiency of the great saphenous vein. Materials and methods Two hundred patients with superficial venous insufficiency of the great saphenous vein were randomized to receive either radiofrequency ablation or endovenous laser ablation (and simultaneous adjunctive therapies for surface varicosities when appropriate). Post-treatment sonographic and clinical assessment was conducted at one week, six weeks, and six months for closure, complications, and patient satisfaction. Clinical assessment of each patient was conducted at one year and then at yearly intervals for patient satisfaction. Results Post-procedure pain ( p < 0.0001) and objective post-procedure bruising ( p = 0.0114) were significantly lower in the radiofrequency ablation group. Improvements in venous clinical severity score were noted through six months in both groups (endovenous laser ablation 6.6 to 1; radiofrequency ablation 6.2 to 1) with no significant difference in venous clinical severity score ( p = 0.4066) or measured adverse effects; 89 endovenous laser ablation and 87 radiofrequency patients were interviewed at least 12 months out with a mean long-term follow-up of 44 and 42 months ( p = 0.1096), respectively. There were four treatment failures in each group, and every case was correctable with further treatment. Overall, there were no significant differences with regard to patient satisfaction between radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation ( p = 0.3009). There were no cases of deep venous thrombosis in either group at any time during this study. Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation are highly effective and safe from both anatomic and clinical standpoints over a multi-year period and neither modality achieved superiority over the other.
Co-opting the Courtesan Persona in the Faux Mémoires de Rigolboche and the Les Usages du demi-monde

This chapter explores examines male writers’ motives for reworking the courtesans’ stories in phony memoirs. Indeed, riding the popularity of de Chabrillan’s Adieux and hoping to cash in on the overnight fame Marguerite Rigolboche enjoyed, Ernest Blum and Louis Huart penned the Memoires de Rigolboche (1860). Because these Memoires enjoyed tremendous popularity and made Rigolboche even more famous, several authors wrote back against them. In a parallel case, Victor Joze wrote Les Usages du demi-monde (1909) to counter several bestsellers by de Pougy. Likely envious of the success the courtesan fiction enjoyed, these male authors co-opted the personas of demi-mondaine to earn money and to cast doubt on courtesan authorship.
Bipyrimidine Signatures as a Photoprotective Genome Strategy in G + C-rich Halophilic Archaea

Halophilic archaea experience high levels of ultraviolet (UV) light in their environments and demonstrate resistance to UV irradiation. DNA repair systems and carotenoids provide UV protection but do not account for the high resistance observed. Herein, we consider genomic signatures as an additional photoprotective strategy. The predominant forms of UV-induced DNA damage are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, most notoriously thymine dimers (T^Ts), which form at adjacent Ts. We tested whether the high G + C content seen in halophilic archaea serves a photoprotective function through limiting T nucleotides, and thus T^T lesions. However, this speculation overlooks the other bipyrimidine sequences, all of which capable of forming photolesions to varying degrees. Therefore, we designed a program to determine the frequencies of the four bipyrimidine pairs (5’ to 3’: TT, TC, CT, and CC) within genomes of halophilic archaea and four other randomized sample groups for comparison. The outputs for each sampled genome were weighted by the intrinsic photoreactivities of each dinucleotide pair. Statistical methods were employed to investigate intergroup differences. Our findings indicate that the UV-resistance seen in halophilic archaea can be attributed in part to a genomic strategy: high G + C content and the resulting bipyrimidine signature reduces the genomic photoreactivity.
Longitudinal changes of cerebral glutathione (GSH) levels associated with the clinical course of disease progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background:Increased oxidative stress leads to loss of glutathione (GSH). We have reported lower cerebral GSH in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), indicating the involv...
RAD001 Exerts Anti-Tumor Activity in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

Abstract Abstract 3732 Poster Board III-668 Background Waldenstrom Macroglobulinema (WM) is an incurable B-cell disorder characterized by the presence of IgM monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells. Apart from promising advances in therapeutic strategy, response rates and treatment-free survival remain inconsistent across prescribed regimens. As we have previously shown, the PI3K/Akt pathway actively mediates tumor growth, survival, migration, and cell cycle within primary WM cells. An active target of this pathway includes the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). By inhibiting the mTOR pathway with RAD001 (Afinitor™, Novartis Pharmaceuticals), we hoped to constructively regulate aforementioned cellular function, and also understand from a preclinical perspective its specificity of action in our microenvironmental models, both alone and the presence of monoclonal antibody against CD20 and proteasome inhibitor. Methods WM cell lines (BCWM1) and IgM secreting cell lines MEC1 and RL were used. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were obtained from patients with WM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were harvested from healthy donors. Agents tested included RAD001, Rituximab and Bortezomib. Cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle were measured using MTT assay, [3H]-thymidine uptake, and flow cytometry/PI staining, respectively. Antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity (ADCC), transwell, and Matrigel assays were preformed to measure cell lysis, SDF-1 chemotaxis-induced migration, and angiogenesis, respectively. Adhesion to fibronectin has been evaluated with WM cells and BMSC in the presence of RAD001, with and without Bortezomib. Results RAD001 induced cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 1-10 nM in BCWM1 cells at 48 hours. Similar effects were seen in IgM cell lines with an effective dose of 0.1-1 nM. In contrast, at IC50 treatment level donor cells displayed no significant cytotoxicity (>85% survival). Cell cycle analysis showed corresponding G1 arrest, and angiogenesis was also inhibited. RAD001, Bortezomib, and Rituxan combinations showed synergistic cytotoxicity, which was attenuated when WM cells were co-cultured with BMSC. Migration of BCWM1 and adhesion of BCWM1 to BMSC was reduced under presence of RAD001. Conclusions These functional assays therefore show that RAD001 has significant and synergistic antitumor activity in WM which will inform the design of future clinical trials. Disclosures: Ghobrial: Millennium: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
Targeting Visceral Fat by Intraperitoneal Delivery of Novel AAV Serotype Vector Restricting Off-Target Transduction in Liver

It is challenging to genetically manipulate fat in adults. We demonstrate that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype Rec2 leads to high transduction of multiple visceral fat depots at a dose of 1 to 2 orders lower than commonly used doses for systemic gene delivery. To target adipose tissue, we develop a single AAV vector harboring two expression cassettes: one using the CBA promoter to drive transgene expression and one using the liver-specific albumin promoter to drive a microRNA-targeting WPRE sequence that only exists in this AAV vector. This dual-cassette vector achieves highly selective transduction of visceral fat while severely restricting off-target transduction of liver. As proof of efficacy, i.p. administration of an adipose-targeting Rec2 vector harboring the leptin gene corrects leptin deficiency, obesity, and metabolic syndromes of ob/ob mice. This study provides a powerful tool to genetically manipulate fat for basic research and gene therapies of genetic and acquired diseases.
Multi-rate LQR control of a multi-machine MVDC shipboard electric distribution system with constant power loads

The future all-electric warship is expected to utilize medium-voltage DC (MVDC) main distribution to supply several load zones. The load zones will convert the MVDC power to lower voltage for use by local loads as well as contain local energy storage for casualty back-up power. A majority, if not totality, of loads are expected to exhibit constant-power load (CPL) behavior. While many papers have developed single-input control schemes to regulate MVDC bus voltage where CPLs are present, multi-input controller schemes have not been explored. This paper presents two implementations of adaptive, multi-rate LQR controllers to regulate system voltages during step load transients. Through coordinated use of switching converter based low-rate DC voltage sources and high-rate energy storage device currents, multi-rate LQR controllers can provide excellent bus regulation by leveraging of all available control input devices. A periodic discrete-time multi-rate LQR controller (LQR-P) is described and compared to a selective-feedback, multi-rate LQR controller (LQR-SM). Both are designed and implemented in MATLAB software using a hypothetical multi-machine, multi-zone shipboard MVDC electric distribution system with CPLs and energy storage devices.
Characteristics of Tornado-Like Vortices Simulated in a Large-Scale Ward-Type Simulator

Tornado-like vortices are simulated in a large-scale Ward-type simulator to further advance the understanding of such flows, and to facilitate future studies of tornado wind loading on structures. Measurements of the velocity fields near the simulator floor and the resulting floor surface pressures are interpreted to reveal the mean and fluctuating characteristics of the flow as well as the characteristics of the static-pressure deficit. We focus on the manner in which the swirl ratio and the radial Reynolds number affect these characteristics. The transition of the tornado-like flow from a single-celled vortex to a dual-celled vortex with increasing swirl ratio and the impact of this transition on the flow field and the surface-pressure deficit are closely examined. The mean characteristics of the surface-pressure deficit caused by tornado-like vortices simulated at a number of swirl ratios compare well with the corresponding characteristics recorded during full-scale tornadoes.
Phrenic nerve decompression for the management of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis - preoperative evaluation and operative technique.

Background Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (UDP) can be a very disabling, typically causing shortness of breath and reduced exercise tolerance. We present a case of a surgical decompression of the phrenic nerve of a patient who presented with UDP, which occurred following cervical spine surgery. Methods The workup for the etiology of UDP demonstrated paradoxical movement on "sniff test" and notably impaired pulmonary function tests. Seven months following the onset of the UDP, he underwent a surgical decompression of the phrenic nerve at the level of the anterior scalene. Results He noted rapid symptomatic improvement following surgery and reversal of the above noted objective findings was documented. At his 4-year follow-up, he had complete resolution of his clinical symptoms. Repeated physiologic testing of his respiratory function had shown a complete reversal of his UDP. Conclusions Anatomical compression of the phrenic nerve by redundant neck vasculature should be considered in the differential diagnosis of UDP. Here we demonstrated the techniques in workup and surgical management, with both subjective and objective evidence of success.
Epidemic-resistant configurations for intrusion detection systems

Cyber attacks are a critical threat to government infrastructure, commercial enterprises and personal devices. When belligerents attack cyber systems, they need to spread laterally to reach high value targets and communicate with their command and control sites. Intuitively, a layered defense including intrusion detection systems will limit the adversary's exploitation of the target. We apply lessons learned from epidemiology stretching back almost a century to derive a mathematical model to guide investment and configuration decisions related to intrusion detection. To validate this closed form mathematical model, we performed discrete time simulations covering the relevant ranges of several parameters. The results from these simulations validate our closed form mathematical model, which indicates it is a credible decision support tool for cyber security managers.
Analytical modeling and damping optimization for a thin plate partially covered with hard coating

Finding the best coating location with the fixed shape of the hard coating is an urgent need for the engineering application of the hard-coating damping. In this paper, a study on optimal placement of hard-coating damping treatment for vibration reduction in the cantilever plate was presented. Based on the energy method and the assumed mode method, the analytical model was derived for free vibration analysis of the thin plate partially covered with hard coating, and the modal loss factors of the coating structure were determined by the modified modal strain energy method. The damping optimization model of the hard-coating thin plate was described with the maximum modal loss factor of single order or multi-orders as the objective function and the coating position as the design variable. Moreover, a method named multiple population genetic algorithms was proposed to search for the optimal coating position. Finally, a cantilever titanium plate with a single side partially deposited with NiCrAlCoY+YSZ hard coating was taken as an example to carry out a case study. The correctness of the analytical results was verified by ANSYS software and experiment, and the rationality of the damping optimization results for the hard-coating plate was also verified by experiment.
The New Republicanism Without Religion

The past decades have witnessed a harvest of new books and articles exploring the modern republican tradition and its relevance for contemporary political theory. Members of this movement present t...
Extracellular vesicles: a promising tool for assessment of embryonic competence.

Purpose of review Extracellular vesicles have recently emerged as a promising field of research due to their pivotal roles in intercellular communication and potential to serve as biomarkers. This review focuses on extracellular vesicles secreted by the human preimplantation embryo. The most recent findings on embryo-derived extracellular vesicles are described and discussed, as well as current technical challenges to study them. Recent findings So far, only a few studies have addressed extracellular vesicles of embryonic origin and explored their potential as biomarkers for embryo selection. Two main hypotheses have driven interest in studying extracellular vesicles in IVF embryo-conditioned culture media. On the one hand, the potential roles of extracellular vesicles in mediating the embryo-endometrial crosstalk for proper implantation. On the other hand, the profile of secreted extracellular vesicles as an indicator of embryonic fitness irrespective of any involvement or communication with the endometrium. Embryo-derived extracellular vesicles have already been investigated to design diagnostic tests for embryo viability, however with small sample sizes or without extensive technology validation. Summary Extracellular vesicles offer indeed a novel means to assess embryonic fitness. Further validation studies, technology development and more complex study designs are certainly required to implement the profiling of embryonic extracellular vesicles as a diagnostic test for embryo selection.
Conducting Cost-Effective User Research in China Remotely

For companies that want to be successful in China, it is necessary to understand the needs and behaviors of Chinese consumers. However, the UX community in the US has yet to develop the best practices for conducting remote user research in China. Existing guidance seldom discuss the feasibility of the research plans, such as cost or time constraint. As a small User Experience design team with limited resources, we strived for conducting user research on Chinese users in a cost-effective way. This paper summarized our experience of exploring research methods and tools for studying printer users in China from the US, and provided advice to the UX community that faces similar challenges.
Carnot Cycle Revisited

Sadi Carnot stated that the efficiency of a reversible Carnot cycle is independent of the properties of the material used to run the cycle. Using this statement, all textbook discussions of the Carnot cycle use an ideal gas. Here, in contrast, we consider, in the spirit of the Caratheodory approach, a general analysis centered on the existence of an integrating factor that transforms an inexact differential into an exact differential. Also we derive a general relation between temperature and volume along an adiabatic path. Using these two results, we obtain the efficiency of the Carnot cycle, η = 1 − TC/TH, for any equation of state.
The Cemeteries of the Maros Group

Unlike the settlements of the Maros Group, the cemeteries have been extensively investigated and documented. The earliest among these, the sites of Obeba, investigated in 1903, and Oszentivan, with excavations beginning in 1926, figured prominently in Childe’s synthesis of the character of the Perjamos culture (Childe 1929). In the decades immediately following, a number of Maros cemeteries were excavated in Hungary under the direction of Mora Ferenc, including Deszk A, Deszk F, Pitvaros, and Szoreg. In the 1960s, the large Mokrin cemetery was excavated in north central Yugoslavia. This major excavation, under the direction of Milorad Giric, produced the largest and best documented of the Maros cemeteries known to date.
A Machine Learning Approach to Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction: A Case Study of Interstate 64 in Missouri

Proactive traffic management is a subset of smart mobility applications in which traffic control strategies are implemented in advance to respond to anticipated roadway conditions. Predicted traffic flows are a key input to proactive traffic control systems, such as proactive freeway ramp metering, proactive variable speed limits, and proactive incident management systems. This paper proposes a machine learning approach for short-term traffic flow prediction where prevailing conditions, such as the traffic volume, speed, and occupancy of roadway segments, are used to predict traffic flow in short-term intervals. Four categories of predictive methods for traffic flow prediction were investigated: deep neural networks, a distributed random forest, a gradient boosting machine, and a generalized linear model. Data from Interstate 64 in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States were used to calibrate and evaluate the models. The results obtained by the four predictive methods were very similar, with the distributed random forest model slightly outperforming the models obtained by the other three methods. The case study showed that the inclusion of traffic flow, speed, occupancy, and time of day in the traffic prediction process reduces the traffic prediction error. However, the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test did not show a statistically significant benefit from the inclusion of upstream traffic data in the distributed random forest, and gradient boosting machine models.
Outcomes of large vestibular schwannomas following subtotal resection: early post-operative volume regression and facial nerve function

Subtotal resection (STR) of vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumors remains controversial and little is known regarding post-operative volume changes. Authors retrospective reviewed the medical records from January 1st 2002 to January 1st 2018, for all patients who had undergone primary STR of large VS at a single tertiary academic institution. Our series consists of 34 patients with a mean age of 53.9 (median 53; range 21–87) years that had STR of their VS tumor. The mean pre-operative tumor diameter and volume was 3.9 cm (median 3.0 cm; range 1.6–6.0 cm) and 11.7 cm3 (median 9.6 cm3; range 2.8–44.3 cm3), respectively, with a mean extent of resection of 86% (median 90%; range 53–99%). The mean radiographic and clinical follow-up was 40 months (range 6–120 months) and 51 months (range 7–141 months), respectively. 85% of patients had optimal House–Brackmann (HB) scores (Grade 1 & 2) immediately post-operatively, and 91% at 1 year; 94% of patients had normal (HB 1) at last follow-up. There was significant regression of residual tumor volume at 1 year (p = 0.006) and 2 years (p = 0.02), but not at 3 years (p = 0.08), when compared to the prior year. There was significant regression of size over time, with a mean slope estimate of − 0.70 units per year (p < 0.001). Excellent clinical facial nerve outcomes can be obtained with STR of large VS tumors. Maximal reduction in tumor size occurs at 2-year post-operatively. Thus, in patients undergoing surgery for large VS, STR and a “watch and wait” strategy is a reasonable treatment option that may optimize facial nerve outcomes.
Multimodal X-ray imaging of grain-level properties and performance in a polycrystalline solar cell

The factors limiting the performance of alternative polycrystalline solar cells as compared with their single-crystal counterparts are not fully understood, but are thought to originate from structural and chemical heterogeneities at various length scales. Here, it is demonstrated that multimodal focused nanobeam X-ray microscopy can be used to reveal multiple aspects of the problem in a single measurement by mapping chemical makeup, lattice structure and charge collection efficiency simultaneously in a working solar cell. This approach was applied to micrometre-sized individual grains in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 polycrystalline film packaged in a working device. It was found that, near grain boundaries, collection efficiency is increased, and that in these regions the lattice parameter of the material is expanded. These observations are discussed in terms of possible physical models and future experiments.
Cost analysis of Tommy John surgery for Major League Baseball teams.

Background The economic loss following ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to quantify the financial impact of UCLR on MLB teams. We hypothesize that MLB teams incur significant losses annually as a result of salaries paid to injured players following reconstruction. Methods Public records were accessed to identify MLB pitchers from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2014, who had undergone UCLR. Contract terms and time away from competition were used to approximate economic loss. Successful return was considered when a pitcher returned to play in at least 1 Minor League Baseball (MiLB) or MLB game. Results One hundred ninety-four MLB pitchers underwent UCLR from 2004 to 2014, missing on average 180.2 days of the MLB regular season. Cost of recovery (COR) amounted to $395 million, averaging $1.9 million per player. Starting pitchers accounted for the largest total COR at $239.6 million, whereas closers had the largest economic loss per player ($3.9 million/player). Only 77% of pitchers returned to MLB play. Conclusion UCLR has a substantial economic impact on MLB teams. Starting pitchers represented a majority of team cost, but closers represented higher costs per pitcher.
“Tapping” into Goodwill: Enhancing Corporate Reputation through Customer Volunteering

Companies often engage in prosocial initiatives—such as employee volunteering programs—as a way to balance their economic goals with a set of social goals. In an attempt to expand the impact of suc...
Emergency authorization of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19

The world is suffering a respiratory pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), commonly known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as experimental treatments for COVID-19 leading to a shortage of both medications. A literature review conducted in April 2020 shows a lack of high-quality data available, resulting in ambiguous guideline recommendations. Decisions to use either drug should be made with careful consideration of risks versus benefits along with proper monitoring. Because of its higher potency and better safety profile, hydroxychloroquine may be the more reasonable treatment option if treatment is initiated.
Rare primary hepatic malignancies: A case-based review.

Abstract The two most common primary liver malignancies that radiologists are accustomed to suggesting in clinical practice are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC). However, there are other less common primary hepatic malignancies that radiologists should be aware of. The correct radiographic and pathologic diagnosis of these entities have important treatment and prognostic implications. In this paper, we review a series of five cases that we have encountered in clinical practice at our institution that were initially thought to be HCC or ICC, but turned out to be a rarer primary hepatic malignancy. We will review the radiographic and pathologic characteristics of each of these rare primary hepatic malignancies as well as discuss the prognosis and treatment for each.
A Quantitative Live-Cell Superresolution Imaging Framework for Measuring the Mobility of Single Molecules at Sites of Virus Assembly

The insurgence of superresolution microscopy into the fields of virology and microbiology has begun to enable the mapping of molecular assemblies critical for host-pathogen interfaces that organize on a scale below the resolution limit of the light microscope. It is, however, challenging to completely understand the molecular interactions between host and pathogen from strictly time-invariant observations. Herein, we describe a method using simultaneous dual-color superresolution microscopy to gain both structural and dynamic information about HIV-1 assembly. Specifically, we demonstrate the reconstruction of single virus assembly sites using live-cell photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM) while concurrently assessing the sub-viral mobility of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein during interaction with the viral lattice. We propose that our method is broadly applicable to elucidating pathogen and host protein-protein interactions through quantification of the dynamics of these proteins at the nanoscale.
A Growing Educational Divide in the COVID-19 Economy Is Especially Pronounced among Parents

Economic disruption related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continued through the summer of 2020, affecting the lives of millions of Americans. In this visualization, the authors use recent ...
Evaluating quarter versus composite milk sampling for detection of subclinical intramammary infections

The objective of our study was to evaluate quarter versus composite milk sampling for detection of subclinical intramammary infections. Mastitis, infection and inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most costly disease facing the dairy industry today, with nearly two-thirds of the cost attributed to subclinical infections. Additionally, as the number one reason for antibiotic usage on farm, improvements must be made regarding the identification and treatment of this disease. Screening for subclinical mastitis has routinely been done using total milk somatic cell counts at the composite level, where milk from all four quarters is pooled into a single vial. This sampling technique is convenient and economical, however little research has been done on its efficacy in identifying subclinically infected animals as compared to quarter sampling.
Executive Functioning and the Pursuit of Happiness.

Abstract Executive functioning and happiness are each associated with successful learning and other desirable individual and societal outcomes; however, it is unclear whether a relation exists between them. Executive regulation of happiness pursuits in daily life, operationalized as hedonic (e.g., pursuing pleasure) and eudaimonic (e.g., pursuing personal growth) motives for action, may be a way the constructs relate to each other. In this initial investigation, we aimed to explore whether objectively measured executive functioning skills relate to happiness motives. A sample of 119 college students completed six objective neuropsychological measures of executive functioning and self-reported levels of hedonic and eudaimonic motives for action in daily life. Correlation and regression analyses examined the relations among temporal discounting and two latent executive functioning factors (inhibitory control and working memory) with hedonic and eudaimonic motives, as well as their interaction. Results suggested a possible association between higher levels of eudaimonic motives and preference for higher delayed rewards, as well as poorer working memory. Further analyses suggested that endorsing high levels of eudaimonic and hedonic motives simultaneously (i.e., the “full life”) was associated with poorer inhibitory control and working memory performance, whereas endorsing low levels of both simultaneously (i.e., the “empty life”) was associated with a preference for more immediate monetary rewards. Findings are discussed in the context of goal conflict and risk assessment among individuals who endorse the “full life”. Overall, these findings suggest that complex relations may exist between executive functioning and trait-level happiness pursuits, and have implications for possible interventions aimed at enhancing happiness-related motives and cognitive processes to facilitate learning. Given the exploratory nature of the present study, further investigations are necessary.
Hand: Importance and Biomechanics

According to Aristotle, the hand is the “tool of tools.” It can convey strength, power, and protection in one venue while providing generosity, hospitality, and support in another. Hand gestures are used to express a statement or display an emotion. People lay hands upon an object in order to bless or heal. Raising one’s hand is an appropriate gesture when asking a question among a group [1]. Hands can provide sight for the blind or a voice for the deaf. It is a tool, a symbol, and a weapon. Science, philosophy, art, religion, and many cultures have been influenced by the importance of the hand and handedness. But in the end, not to dispute its importance, the human hand is simply a product of excellence in primate evolution. Man alone has a hand.
A system for proactive risk assessment of application changes in cloud operations

Change is one of the biggest contributors to service outages. With more enterprises migrating their applications to cloud and using automated build and deployment the volume and rate of changes has significantly increased. Furthermore, microservice-based architectures have reduced the turnaround time for changes and increased the dependency between services. All of the above make it impossible for the Site Reliability Engineers (SREs) to use the traditional methods of manual risk assessment for changes. In order to mitigate change-induced service failures and ensure continuous improvement for cloud native services, it is critical to have an automated system for assessing the risk of change deployments. In this paper, we present an AI-based system for proactively assessing the risk associated with deployment of application changes in cloud operations. The risk assessment is accompanied with actionable risk explainability. We discuss the usage of this system in two primary scenarios of automated and manual deployment. In automated deployment scenario, our approach is able to alert SREs on 70 % of problematic changes by blocking only 1.5 % of total changes and recommending human intervention. In manual deployment scenario, our approach recommends the SREs to perform extra due diligence for 2.8 % of total changes to capture 84 % of problematic changes.
Accompanying and Learning from Reconciling United Methodist Youth at a Time of Denominational Upheaval

United Methodist Church polity bars “self-avowed practicing homosexuals” from ordination and prohibits same-sex wedding celebrations in their churches or by their clergy. Recently, the consequences...
Cytokine Gene Transfer into Tumor Cells and its Application to Human Cancer

The success of conventional tumor therapy depends on the elimination of all tumor cells. Toxicity, inaccessibility or resistance to chemotherapy, however causes residual malignant cells to survive and ultimately to kill the host. Several new strategies attempt to induce host anti-tumor responses. Theoretically two approaches seem promising: 1. Activation of the afferent arm of the immune system by enhancing immunogenicity of tumor cells, e.g. by enhancing expression of MHC molecules, adhesion molecules or by transfection of tumor-specific antigens. 2. Activation of effector cells of the immune system known to be capable of killing tumor cells in vitro.
When BDT in Marketing Meant Bayesian Decision Theory: The Influence of Paul Green’s Research

Paul Green had it right, and we are seeing evidence of it again 40 years later. Advances in Bayesian computation, the collection of new and unique data, and the development of complex models has been the focus of much research in Bayesian modeling over the last 20 years. Now, armed with these tools, researchers and managers again have the ability to emphasize, as Green did in the early 1960s, the application of Bayesian theory to making improved decisions — Bayesian Decision Theory (BDT).
Chromatographic resolution of enantiomers : Selective review

Abstract Recent research has produced a notable increase in knowledge useful for chromatographic enantionmer resolution. Some major advances have emerged in the understanding of asymmetric solute-solvent interactionsd, and many successful separations by gas and by liquid chromatoraphy have been reported. This review presents a selective discussion of the major advances, with primary emphasis on the use of chiral stationary phases. The latter offer advantages (over indirect techniques) such as generally easier sample preparation, decreased analysis time, and simultaneous chemical as well as optical purity analsis.
Cohen's d

Cohen's (1988) d is one of several statistics used to examine differences between means, as in the case of the difference in mean outcome between participants who received treatment X and participants who received treatment Y. This difference score, calculated in standard deviation units, falls under the broader category of effect sizes. Effect sizes provide an important complement to traditional null hypothesis statistical significance testing. The traditional p value indicates the likelihood of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis is true (Cohen, 1988). It does not, however, offer any information about the magnitude of the research findings (e.g., how much of a difference it makes if someone receives treatment X vs. treatment Y; Rosenthal & Rosnow, 2008). Cohen's d offers an effective way of obtaining this information from means and standard deviations calculated in primary research. Keywords: effect size; meta-analysis
An Examination of Academic-Practitioner Co-Authorship Trends in Supply Chain Management Journals

The purpose of this research is to explore the extent that academics and practitioners collaborate to publish research in academic journals as evidenced by co-authorship. Using journal rankings studies, fourteen top-ranked peer reviewed academic journals that publish supply chain management (SCM) research are identified. Each article within our journal sample is examined over an eleven year period beginning in 2000 for academic-practitioner co-authorship. Results indicate that approximately nine percent of a near census of 5,064 articles are co-authored between academics and practitioners. Finally, practitioner authors are classified into five different groups in order to have a more fine-grain view of the distribution of author-type by journal. Analysis shows that some journals are more inclined to publish certain types of academic-practitioner co-authored articles over others. Implications for future supply chain management research are discussed, advocating for more collaborative research between academics and practitioners within the field.
God’s Sovereign Word

Much political theory is funded by a purportedly “theological” notion of sovereignty. This essay re-reads and thereby deconstructs such a view. The argument presented herein is that certain political theorists—notably Schmitt, Bodin, and Hobbes—uncritically appropriate a “theological” notion of sovereignty as an analogy for political sovereignty. Engaging the work of Karl Barth, this essay undercuts such analogizing tendencies, contending that the “theological” superstructure on which so-called political theology is constructed is not theological but anthropological. Barth’s reconfiguration of theology, grounded not on natural law or reason, but on God’s self-revelation of Godself in Jesus Christ, offers a very different terminus a quem for political theology.
Advanced Topics in Quantum Field Theory: A Lecture Course

Part I. Before Supersymmetry: 1. Phases of gauge theories 2. Kinks and domain walls 3. Vortices and flux tubes (strings) 4. Monopoles and skyrmions 5. Instantons 6. Isotropic ferromagnet: O(3) sigma model and extensions 7. False vacuum decay and related topics 8. Chiral anomaly 9. Confinement in 4D gauge theories and models in lower dimensions Part II. Introduction to Supersymmetry: 10. Basics of supersymmetry with emphasis on gauge theories 11. Supersymmetric solitons References Index.
Synthesis of 4,4′-functionalized BODIPYs from dipyrrins

Abstract A series of 14 symmetric ( 1a – g ) and asymmetric ( 2a – g ) BODIPYs bearing two different substituents at the boron center were synthesized in a one-pot reaction from dipyrrins 1 and 2 , respectively, in 14–63% isolated yields. The reaction involves the treatment of dipyrrin with phenylboron dichloride followed by nucleophilic substitution of the chloride group using various nucleophiles, including TBAF, TMSCN, ROH, acetate, and alkoxides. The reactions are completed within 2 h at room temperature. The spectroscopic and 11 B NMR properties of the new BODIPYs were investigated and three crystal structures are presented.
Identification of Systems Subject to Random State Disturbance

A theory of identification of a class of linear systems — lumped and distributed — in the presence of state or process noise. As a specific application, the problem of of identifying aircraft stability — control derivatives in turbulence is considered, and results obtained on actual flight data are included.
Factors Controlling Low-Cloud Evolution over the Eastern Subtropical Oceans: A Lagrangian Perspective Using the A-Train Satellites

AbstractA Lagrangian technique is developed to sample satellite data to quantify and understand factors controlling temporal changes in low-cloud properties (cloud cover, areal-mean liquid water path, and droplet concentration). Over 62 000 low-cloud scenes over the eastern subtropical/tropical oceans are sampled using the A-Train satellites. Horizontal wind fields at 925 hPa from the ERA-Interim are used to compute 24-h, two-dimensional, forward, boundary layer trajectories with trajectory locations starting on the CloudSat/CALIPSO track. Cloud properties from MODIS and AMSR-E are sampled at the trajectory start and end points, allowing for direct measurement of the temporal cloud evolution. The importance of various controls (here, boundary layer depth, lower-tropospheric stability, and precipitation) on cloud evolution is evaluated by comparing cloud evolution for different initial values of these controls. Viewing angle biases are removed and cloud anomalies (diurnal and seasonal cycles removed) are u...