cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P03-226 The influence of depression and obesity on sleep quality in children/adolescents

Aims Limited to no literature exists on the association among sleep quality, obesity and depression in pediatric populations. This study aims to explore this association by examining the sleep quality of children and adolescents before and after a twelve-week comprehensive multidisciplinary pediatric obesity program. Methods Archival data from the pediatric obesity program included 71 children ages 6-17 (M=10.24, SD=2.74 ) who had been assessed pre and post intervention using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), a Sleep Questionnaire, and physician derived Body Mass Index (BMI). On all measures, higher scores indicate presence of symptoms of depression, sleep difficulties, or obesity. Results High scores on the CDI proved to predict poor sleep quality both at intake and exit. Hierarchical regression exhibited change in BMI from intake to exit and predicted sleep quality. As BMI decreased from intake to exit, sleep quality increased. Conclusions The current study suggests that sleep quality is influenced by the level of depression in children and adolescents both at pre and post intervention measures. Both depression and BMI influenced sleep quality. When the effect of BMI was accounted for, depression significantly predicted sleep quality. The more depressed children/adolescents reported to be, the lower their quality of sleep. Thus, this study suggests the importance of sleep and depression in the treatment of pediatric obesity. This research supports the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to addressing pediatric obesity.
Experimental study of wavelength selections on color holography

It is well known that particular choice of laser wavelength combination is of great importance in making color holograms. Previously, it was found that the 532 nm wavelength was most suitable for green. Herein we report the results of experiments performed in search of the most suitable blue wavelength. Also discussed will be the procedure and configuration used for the experiments.
The cooperative effort to promote the use of GIS technology at Michigan State University

Michigan State University, the pioneer land-grant college, ranks among the largest college campuses in the United States. The usage of geographic information systems within this huge academic population is continually growing. The problems associated with providing GIS services to such a large, and heterogeneous, group must be addressed. This paper defines a geographic information system, discusses the need for GIS service and support on campus, and outlines how these needs have been addressed at MSU.The role of faculty and staff in the decision-making process will be stressed. At MSU, the GIS Interest Group provides suggestions to Computer Laboratory management on issues pertaining to campus GIS policy. Membership within the group includes faculty and staff members who are applying, or are interested in applying, GIS technology to their research. Members of the Computer Laboratory staff also maintain membership within the group and act as contacts to maintain communication between GIS users and Computer Laboratory decision-makers. This paper will try to show that a close interaction between the user and Computer Laboratory management is very helpful in the development of a program of action addressing the needs of the user. Actions are more readily facilitated when the user takes an active role in the decision-making process.
Spectra of products and numerical ranges

where the bar indicates closure. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. We first present an extension of the foregoing relation and the proceed to indicate how the extension may be used in two other situations, namely bounded linear operators on a Banach space, and certain nonlinear transformations on a real or complex Hilbert space. The extension is mild, Specifically, we will show that if 0 6 W(A), then u(A-lB) C W(B)/m
The Origins of the Corts of Catalonia

SUMMARY In this article, which is based on a paper given at a Colloquium of the International Commission held in Florence in 1986, and has been revised to take account of recent work on the subject, Thomas N. Bisson enters the debate over whether the first true Corts of Catalonia was the assembly of 1283. Three aspects of the development of the Corts are examined: its recognition as a territorial assembly of Catalonia, the use of the Corts for formal, ceremonial celebrations of the status of the ruler, and for affirmations of loyalty and the introduction of urban representation alongside that of the prelates, barons and knights. It is argued that meetings officially recorded as ceremonial, and in some cases not officially recorded at all, as early as 1173, were the occasions of fierce political debate between the king and his vassals and have at least some of the defining characteristics of ‘parliamentary’ occasions. The article also produces evidence for the introduction of urban representation before th...
The regulation of photosynthetic electron transport during nutrient deprivation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The light-saturated rate of photosynthetic O 2 evolution in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii declined by approximately 75% on a per-cell basis after 4 d of P starvation or 1 d of S starvation. Quantitation of the partial reactions of photosynthetic electron transport demonstrated that the light-saturated rate of photosystem (PS) I activity was unaffected by P or S limitation, whereas light-saturated PSII activity was reduced by more than 50%. This decline in PSII activity correlated with a decline in both the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII and the accumulation of the secondary quinone electron acceptor of PSII nonreducing centers (PSII centers capable of performing a charge separation but unable to reduce the plastoquinone pool). In addition to a decline in the light-saturated rate of O 2 evolution, there was reduced efficiency of excitation energy transfer to the reaction centers of PSII (because of dissipation of absorbed light energy as heat and because of a transition to state 2). These findings establish a common suite of alterations in photosynthetic electron transport that results in decreased linear electron flow when C. reinhardtii is limited for either P or S. It was interesting that the decline in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII and the accumulation of the secondary quinone electron acceptor of PSII nonreducing centers were regulated specifically during S-limited growth by the Sac I gene product, which was previously shown to be critical for the acclimation of C. reinhardtii to S limitation (J.P. Davies, F.H. Yildiz, and A.R. Grossman [1996] EMBO J 15: 2150–2159).
Effects of Constituent Materials and Quantities on Water Demand and Compressive Strength of Controlled Low-Strength Material

Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a self-compacting, flowable, low-strength, cementitious material used primarily as backfill, void fill, and utility bedding in lieu of conventional compacted fill. Potential advantages of CLSM include decreased labor requirements, faster construction speed, and potentially lower in-place cost. When considering CLSM as a construction material, 2 of the most important properties include flowability and compressive strength. The flowability of CLSM can directly impact productivity and human resource requirements for placing the material. Lower flowability may require more resources. In addition, compressive strength values are required as an indicator for performance and long-term excavatability. Minimum strength requirements are necessary for performance criteria, and maximum strength requirements are necessary for long-term excavation. This research investigated the effects of material properties on the water demand necessary to obtain minimum flowability values and a range of compressive strength values for CLSM. Three types of aggregate, 3 types of fly ash, and 1 Type I cement were used in this study. A total of 31 mixtures were developed and tested. The use of different aggregate types and sources was found to be the most significant factor affecting water demand in this investigation. Water-cement ratio, aggregate sources, and fly ash type were influencing variables on the compressive strength of CLSM. Formulas were developed to predict the compressive strength development of CLSM for the materials used in this research program.
Simplex range reporting on a pointer machine

Abstract We give a lower bound on the following problem, known as simplex range reporting: Given a collection P of n points in d-space and an arbitrary simplex q, find all the points in P ∩ q. It is understood that P is fixed and can be preprocessed ahead of time, while q is a query that must be answered on-line. We consider data structures for this problem that can be modeled on a pointer machine and whose query time is bounded by O(nδ + r), where r is the number of points to be reported and δ is an arbitrary fixed real. We prove that any such data structure of that form must occupy storage Ω(n d(1 − δ)− e ) , for any fixed e > 0. This lower bound is tight within a factor of ne.
Violence in lesbian and gay relationships: Theory, prevalence, and correlational factors.

This article reviews and critiques the existing empirical literature examining interpersonal violence in lesbian and gay relationships. Studies assessing psychological, physical, and nonconsenting sexual forms of violence in intimate, same-sex relationships are reviewed, and their findings are integrated with what is known about partner abuse in heterosexual relationships. Nineteen studies are described and categorized according to the specific questions being addressed. This body of literature suggests that prevalence rates of same-sex partner abuse are high and its correlates show many similarities to those identified in incidents of heterosexual partner abuse. This article addresses the need for substantially increased efforts in this field of study in terms of well-controlled and theory-driven research design. In terms of other implications of this body of literature, the high prevalence rate of partner abuse among lesbian and gay populations needs to be recognized by providers of both physical and mental health services who potentially treat victims, so that they can more accurately identify appropriate interventions. More research is warranted, not only in the general area of lesbian and gay partner abuse, but in examining various treatment modalities and their effectiveness in helping perpetrators to end the cycle of violence.
Classification Consistency and Accuracy for Complex Assessments Using Item Response Theory

In this article, procedures are described for estimating single-administration classification consistency and accuracy indices for complex assessments using item response theory (IRT). This IRT approach was applied to real test data comprising dichotomous and polytomous items. Several different IRT model combinations were considered. Comparisons were also made between the IRT approach and two non-IRT approaches including the Livingston-Lewis and compound multinomial procedures. Results for various IRT model combinations were not substantially different. The estimated classification consistency and accuracy indices for the non-IRT procedures were almost always lower than those for the IRT procedures.
Marked Prolongation of Cardiac Allograft Survival by Dendritic Cells Genetically Engineered with NF-κB Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Decoys and Adenoviral Vectors Encoding CTLA4-Ig

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) can be genetically engineered using adenoviral (Ad) vectors to express immunosuppressive molecules that promote T cell unresponsiveness. The success of these DCs for therapy of allograft rejection has been limited in part by the potential of the adenovirus to promote DC maturation and the inherent ability of the DC to undergo maturation following in vivo administration. DC maturation occurs via NF-κB-dependent mechanisms, which can be blocked by double-stranded “decoy” oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing binding sites for NF-κB. Herein, we describe the combined use of NF-κB ODNs and rAd vectors encoding CTLA4-Ig (Ad CTLA4-Ig) to generate stably immature murine myeloid DCs that secrete the potent costimulation blocking agent. These Ad CTLA4-Ig-transduced ODN DCs exhibit markedly impaired allostimulatory ability and promote apoptosis of activated T cells. Furthermore, administration of Ad CTLA4-Ig ODN-treated donor DCs (C57BL10; B10(H-2b)) before transplant significantly prolongs MHC-mismatched (C3HHeJ; C3H(H-2k)) vascularized heart allograft survival, with long-term (>100 days) donor-specific graft survival in 40% of recipients. The mechanism(s) responsible for DC tolerogenicity, which may involve activation-induced apoptosis of alloreactive T cells, do not lead to skewing of intragraft Th cytokine responses. Use of NF-κB antisense decoys in conjunction with rAd encoding a potent costimulation blocking agent offers promise for therapy of allograft rejection or autoimmune disease with minimization of systemic immunosuppression.
The effect of a nitrogen-rich surface layer on the sub-surface deuterium (hydrogen) concentration distribution in titanium

Deuterium and nitrogen depth profiles in Ti with modified surfaces have been measured with Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and D(3He,p)4He nuclear reaction analysis. Nitrogen-rich surfaces layers of varying thicknesses were created on Ti by exposure to N 2 gas at 650°C. Deuterium loading was performed by exposure to 1 Torr of D 2 gas at 500°C. The deuterium distribution was influenced by nitrogen in the near-surface regions of all samples. Specifically, deuterium solubility was suppressed in surface regions of high (greater than 1%) nitrogen concentration. The deuterium solubility also remained low within the first few microns, well beyond the region of high nitrogen concentration. This eVect is attributed to internal elastic stresses imposed by the non-deuterium absorbing nitrogen-rich layer on the Ti. These stresses prohibit the volume expansion associated with deuterium absorption. We estimate stresses on the order of 3‐4 GPa are required to suppress the deuterium solubility to the values observed. The deuterium absorption kinetics were observed to depend systematically on the thickness of the nitrogen-rich layer. This is consistent with limited solubility near the surface or a surface poisoning eVect influencing the overall deuterium diVusion from the gas phase into the Ti bulk. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
3-D spherical localization of multiple non-Gaussian sources using cumulants

In this paper an eigendecomposition technique based on cumulant matrices is proposed to passively localize narrowband non-Gaussian sources in spherical coordinates viz., azimuth, elevation, range, using signals recorded by a centro-symmetric cross array. The multiple degrees of freedom available from cumulants are exploited to transform the near-field data into pseudo-data collected by a virtual rectangular array observing virtual far-field sources. The centro-symmetric array structure is preserved in the pseudo-data thus allowing efficient real-valued processing via Unitary ESPRIT.
Creating an Inexpensive 3D Printer to Engage Students in Material Science Education

Material science can be used to enrich secondary school curriculum and illuminate for students the connection between science and technology. Based on materials research being conducted at the University of Illinois, we have developed an interdisciplinary activity that integrates engineering with chemistry and material science. Students investigate the behaviors of polymers by creating 3-dimensional (3-D) objects. Students can design objects that they “print” on the order of a cubic inch in about 20 minutes. The process students use to create these objects shows the application of engineering to material science in a novel and engaging way. A photoactive chemical is initiated by the UV and blue light emitted from a data projector. This causes the formation of free radicals, which interact with molecules of a monomer and cause a polymerization reaction. The visual result of this reaction is that a liquid solidifies where students shine light. With black-and-white images, a data projector can direct the light to form any shape. This process can be easily modified to create true 3-D objects by adding another layer of the liquid to the top of the object and then shining the light again. With about 20 dollars worth of supplies from a hardware store, a simple staging device can be created to greatly simplify the process to create a 3-D printer in the classroom. Fabrication of this device can be done by students because the projector controls the x and y array of pixels; the object only needs to move in the z direction, unlike traditional rapid prototyping machines which control movement in the x, y, and z directions. Results of integration into high school and college curriculum are discussed, and methods of integration and student perceptions of the activity are reported.
The Morality of Law: The Case Against Deportation of Settled Immigrants

Deportation of settled, but unauthorized immigrants offends a basic sense of fairness that citizens apply to each other in law and private life. Fairness in law includes both forgiveness and closure, which are found in ample measure in the domestic law governing crime and punishment, bankruptcy, property, and civil harms. Immigration law remains aloof from this aspect of the mainstream law by virtue of more than century- old court decisions that rest on frankly racist foundations. Those cases draw a thick line between immigrants and citizens based on race, without any constitutional foundation. A more contemporary framing would bring immigration law within mainstream legal principles, including principles of forgiveness and closure. Applied to the situation of settled, but unauthorized immigrants, the power to deport would be restrained by principles that are internal to the morality of law and in line with fundamental principles of human rights.
Information Criteria for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Inflammatory lesions form in the brain and spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In many active MS lesions, blood flows abnormally into the white matter of the brain due to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is know to be associated with morbidity and disability. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) allows quantitative study of blood flow and permeability dynamics throughout the brain. In our study, we observe 15 patients who undergo DCE-MRI periodically throughout a year. In this paper, we design and study spatiotemporal parameters of interest that cannot be obtained by visual inspection. Examples of such parameters are the rate and maximum intensity observed in regions of interest. We develop semi parametric methods for this quantification of BBB disruption at each visit.
Crested gibbon (Hylobates [Nomascus]) identification using noninvasively obtained DNA

The development of captive breeding programs for the crested gibbons (Hylobates [Nomascus]) of Indochina is hindered by the difficulty of sorting individuals into their correct species and subspecies groups. We describe taxon-specific DNA sequence variation in a 252-base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, which can be used to identify individuals of the three taxa of crested gibbon commonly found in Western zoos. These molecular genetic markers can be amplified from plucked hair and will permit the identification of morphologically similar females and crested gibbons of either sex of unknown origin. Noninvasive genotyping of captive animals will facilitate the genetic management of these critically endangered primates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discriminative stimulus effects of the GABAB receptor-positive modulator rac-BHFF: comparison with GABAB receptor agonists and drugs of abuse.

GABAB receptor-positive modulators are thought to have advantages as potential medications for anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. They may have fewer side effects than GABAB receptor agonists, because selective enhancement of activated receptors could have effects different from nonselective activation of all receptors. To examine this, pigeons were trained to discriminate the GABAB receptor-positive modulator (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one (rac-BHFF) from its vehicle. The discriminative stimulus effects of rac-BHFF were not mimicked by the GABAB receptor agonists baclofen and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), not by diazepam, and not by alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine, whose self-administration has been reported to be attenuated by GABAB receptor-positive modulators. The discriminative stimulus effects of rac-BHFF were not antagonized by the GABAB receptor antagonist 3-aminopropyl (diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP35348) but were attenuated by the less efficacious GABAB receptor-positive modulator 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol (CGP7930), suggesting the possibility that rac-BHFF produces its discriminative stimulus effects by directly activating GABAB2 subunits of GABAB receptors. At a dose 10-fold lower than the training dose, rac-BHFF enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of baclofen, but not of GHB. This study provides evidence that the effects of GABAB receptor-positive modulators are not identical to those of GABAB receptor agonists. In addition, the results suggest that positive modulation of GABAB receptors does not produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of benzodiazepines, alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. Finally, the finding that rac-BHFF enhanced effects of baclofen but not of GHB is consistent with converging evidence that the populations of GABAB receptors mediating the effects of baclofen and GHB are not identical.
TileProbe: modeling tiling array probe effects using publicly available data.

Motivation: Individual probes on an Affymetrix tiling array usually behave differently. Modeling and removing these probe effects are critical for detecting signals from the array data. Current data processing techniques either require control samples or use probe sequences to model probe-specific variability, such as with MAT. Although the MAT approach can be applied without control samples, residual probe effects continue to distort the true biological signals. Results: We propose TileProbe, a new technique that builds upon the MAT algorithm by incorporating publicly available data sets to remove tiling array probe effects. By using a large number of these readily available arrays, TileProbe robustly models the residual probe effects that MAT model cannot explain. When applied to analyzing ChIP-chip data, TileProbe performs consistently better than MAT across a variety of analytical conditions. This shows that TileProbe resolves the issue of probe-specific effects more completely. Availability: http://www.biostat.jhsph.edu/∼hji/cisgenome/index _files/tileprobe.htm Contact: hji@jhsph.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Military base growth in Afghanistan: a threat to scorpion populations?

Abstract Coalition military bases in Afghanistan are increasing in area, infrastructure and population due to increased military efforts. From 2004 to 2010, a 40-hectare base in Ghazni, Afghanistan transitioned from a montane shrubland to a small, modern “village.” This shift comprised an over 50-fold increase in hardcover and a 20-fold increase in the human population. I searched the base with UV light (n = 43.6 h) for scorpions, especially Mesobuthus Vachon 1950, an established, opportunistic scorpion found in Ghazni City, 5 km north. I completed my searches along two tracks (> 5 km total length) and considered all habitats for this scorpion. Anthropogenic microhabitats comprised concrete walls, concrete barriers, gabions or sandbags, each in contact with a dirt or gravel substrate (eight possible); all were thermally appealing (mean = 2.3°C warmer than ambient temperature). Despite the population of Mesobuthus caucasicus Nordmann 1840 in Ghazni City and the increase in thermally attractive microhab...
Factor Analysis as a Tool for Survey Analysis Using a Professional Role Orientation Inventory as an Example

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how confirmatory factor analysis can be used to extend and clarify a researcher's insight into a survey instrument beyond that afforded through the typical exploratory factor analytic approach. The authors use as an example a survey instrument developed to measure individual differences in professional role orientation among physical therapists, the Professional Role Orientation Inventory for Physical Therapists (PROI-PT). Sample. Five hundred three physical therapists responded to a mail survey instrument that was sent to a random sample of 2,000 American Physical Therapy Association members. Methods. An adapted version of the Professional Role Orientation Inventory, a 40-item Likert-scale instrument developed to assess professional role orientation on 4 dimensions (authority, responsibility, agency, and autonomy), was used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factorial validity of the PROI-PT. Results. Exploratory factor analysis served as a starting point for examining the factor structure of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis then was used to test the hypothesized factor structure and to suggest refinements to the PROI-PT that would improve a psychometric property (internal consistency). Discussion and Conclusion. Although further refinement of the PROI-PT is needed, an instrument that yields valid and reliable measurements of individual differences in professionalism among physical therapists could further our understanding of the psychosocial aspects of physical therapist practice. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses can be used by researchers who study various psychosocial constructs in physical therapy.
A variety of new tri- and tetranuclear Mn-Ln and Fe-Ln (Ln = lanthanide) complexes

Abstract The use of carboxylates in the synthesis of 3d/4f clusters, with or without a second organic ligand, has afforded a series of tetranuclear M2Gd2 complexes (M = Fe or Mn), and two new trinuclear M2Gd (M = Fe or Mn) molecular compounds. Only one of these, [Mn2Gd2O2(O2CBut)8(HO2CBut)4] (1), does not contain a multidentate chelate ligand. Two other similar tetranuclear clusters were synthesized from the use of triethanolamine (teaH3) and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (thmeH3). [Mn2Gd2(OH)2(O2CPh)4(NO3)2(teaH)2] (2) has very similar structure with 1, bearing a defective incomplete double-cubane core bridged by μ3-O atoms, whereas in the core of [NHEt3]2[Fe2Gd2(O2CPh)4(thme)2(NO3)4] (3) the thme3− ligand caps the two incomplete cubane units, providing the triply-bridging alkoxides needed for bridging. Two new oxide-centered triangular clusters were synthesized bearing the Schiff-based chelate 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}ethanol (dmemH), namely [Fe2GdO(O2CBut)2(dmem)2(NO3)3] (4), and [Mn2GdO(O2CBut)2(dmem)2(NO3)3] (5). Magnetic susceptibility measurements and/or reduced magnetization studies established that complexes 1 and 3 have an S = 5 ground state, complex 2 has S = 4, and complexes 4 and 5 are S = 7/2 in their ground states. These complexes portray the feasibility of obtaining products bearing metal cores commonly found in homometallic clusters, even when these include metals with completely different coordination chemistry and electronic structure, such as lanthanides.
Multi-Modality Safety Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Using Focused Ultrasound and Definity Microbubbles: A Short-Term Study

Abstract As a potentially viable method of brain drug delivery, the safety profile of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening using focused ultrasound (FUS) and ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) needs to be established. In this study, we provide a short-term (30-min or 5-h survival) histological assessment of murine brains undergoing FUS-induced BBB opening. Forty-nine mice were intravenously injected with Definity microbubbles (0.05 μL/kg) and sonicated under the following parameters: frequency of 1.525 MHz, pulse length of 20 ms, pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz, peak rarefactional acoustic pressures of 0.15–0.98 MPa and two 30-s sonication intervals with an intermittent 30-s delay. The BBB opening threshold was found to be 0.15–0.3 MPa based on fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of systemically injected tracers. Analysis of three histological measures in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections revealed the safest acoustic pressure to be within the range of 0.3–0.46 MPa in all examined time periods post sonication. Across different pressure amplitudes, only the samples 30 min post opening showed significant difference ( p ek2191@columbia.edu )
African American Late Adolescents' Relationships With Parents: Developmental Transitions and Longitudinal Patterns

Five-year longitudinal patterns and the influence of developmental transitions on 76 middle-class African American late adolescents' (M=18.43 years) relationships with parents were examined. Late adolescents were closer to mothers than to fathers. Controlling for age, late adolescent females who had left home reported less negative relationships with mothers than did adolescents living at home or in transition to leaving home, and late adolescent females living at home reported more intense conflicts with parents 3 years earlier than did boys living at home and girls living away. Earlier attachment led to more attached and supportive relationships with both parents and less negative interactions with mothers in late adolescence. Stable father presence also influenced more positive relationships with fathers.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of T Cells and Monocytes Proceeds via Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

The rates of internalization and uncoating of 32P-labelled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the human T lymphoid cell line CEM are consonant with a receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism of entry. This interpretation was affirmed by electron microscopic observation of virions within endosomes. Virus binding and infectivity were inhibited to the same extent by pretreatment with OKT4A antibody, therefore, the CD4 receptor-dependent pathway of internalization appears to be the infectious route of entry. The pattern of internalization by the human monoblastoid cell line U937 proved to be more complex, involving rapid and efficient CD4-independent internalization. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of large intracellular vesicles, each containing several virions. Antibody against the CD4 receptor for virus efficiently blocked infection, but did not reduce significantly HIV binding or internalization in the U937 cell line. Consequently, U937 cells have a CD4-independent pathway of virus internalization that does not coincide with the route of entry for infectious HIV.
A Review of: “Kenneth Burke in the 1930s, by Ann George and Jack Selzer.”

Ann George and Jack Selzer's Kenneth Burke in the 1930s joins two major collections of essays by Burke himself—Essays Toward a Symbolic of Motives and Kenneth Burke on Shakespeare—to mark 2007 as a...
Design of a 2.1-GeV electron storage ring

A 2.1 GeV electron storage ring can serve as a third- generation light source for photon energies of 1 -2000 eV. We design a ring with emittance of 1.5 nm-rad, circumference of 215 m, and twelve 5.5-m long straight sections. With a 100-MHz radiofrequency (rf) system, the computed Touschek current-lifetime product is 2800 mA- hr. Two passive fifth-harmonic cavities may be used to suppress longitudinal parasitic coupled-bunch instabilities while increasing the bunch length and lifetime by a factor of four. For stable operation with ring currents up to 600 mA, microwave-instability simulations indicate that the reduced longitudinal impedance should not exceed 1.5 ohms.
Neutral phosphate-induced renal tubular metabolic alkalosis

A severely burned patient receiving neutral phosphate supplement developed renal tubular alkalosis. This phenomenon is compared with the results of experimental observations on animals, reported in the literature. The physiologic mechanism, including the possible role of parathyroid hormone, is illustrated.
What to expect from net reclassification improvement with three categories

The net reclassification improvement (NRI) has become a popular measure of incremental usefulness of markers added to risk prediction models. However, the expected magnitude of the three-category NRI is not well understood, leading researchers to rely on statistical significance. In this paper, we describe a slight modification to the original definition of the NRI, which weighs each reclassification by the number of categories by which a given individual is reclassified. This modification resolves some recent criticisms of the three-category NRI and at the same time has a minimal impact on its magnitude. Then we show that using this modified definition, the event and nonevent NRIs have simple interpretations as sums of changes in sensitivities and specificities calculated at the risk thresholds. We exploit this relationship to arrive at closed-form solutions for the NRI under normality within the event and nonevent subgroups. We observe that the size of the intermediate risk category and the event rate have limited impact on the magnitude of the NRI. As expected, the NRI increases with the strength of the added marker, and this relationship appears fairly proportional for markers with non-weak net effect size (above 0.25). Furthermore, we conclude that using the NRI as a metric, it is harder to improve models that already perform well.
Aerodynamic Response of Stationary and Flapping wings in Oscillatory Low Reynolds Number Flows

In this paper, the flight characteristics of stationary and flapping wings in low Reynolds number flows with gusting conditions are examined numerically. The aerodynamic forces are calculated by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on overlapping grids using the pressure-Poisson method. The impact of a gust modeled as a uniform flow with a sinusoidal velocity component on the cycle averaged lift force and the lift variation over a gust cycle are examined. Comparisons are made between stationary wings and flapping wings to assess if either mode offers an advantage in reducing the force variations or increasing the force generation over the other mode. Different tandem wing configurations are assessed and compared to a single wing in isolation. The spacing between the two wings in a tandem configuration is also considered. Our study found that compared to a stationary wing, the flapping wing can effectively alleviate the lift variation due to wind gust. However, a flapping wing in isolation exhibits less of an increase in lift force at the higher gust amplitudes compared to a stationary wing. For tandem wing configuration the addition of a stationary wing behind a flapping wing can not only reduce the gust effect but increase the lift generation.
Movement and metabolism of phorate under field conditions after granular band applications.

Phorate residues moved in both vertical and horizontal directions after a granular band application of the insecticide at 5 and 10 lb/acre. This was determined by analyses of horizontal and vertical soil cores collected 4½ months after soil treatment 2 to 4 in. away from the original band. Extracts of these soils were all toxic to Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, indicating that insects could still be controlled 2 to 4 in. away from the place of the original phorate deposit. Contrary to findings with emulsifiable concentrates, phorate persisted for a relatively long period. Eight to 60% of total residues recovered from soil samples collected through the band were still in the form of phorate. Metabolism of phorate was most pronounced in the 5 lb/acre-treated soil and was relatively slower in the 10 lb/acre-treated soil. Phorate sulfone was the major component in all soil cores collected from the 5 lb/acre-treated soil, but only in soil cores collected below the original band treated at 10 lb of actual phorate/acre. The relative composition of vertical soil cores collected through the band (5 lb/acre applied) and 2 in. away from it was phorate sulfone > phorate sulfoxide > phorate, while in cores from the 10 lb/acre treated soil this composition was phorate > phorate sulfone > phorate sulfoxide.
Self-assembling particle-siloxane coatings for superhydrophobic concrete.

We report here, for the first time in the literature, a method to synthesize hydrophobic and superhydrophobic concrete. Concrete is normally a hydrophilic material, which significantly reduces the durability of concrete structures and pavements. To synthesize water-repellent concrete, hydrophobic emulsions were fabricated and applied on portland cement mortar tiles. The emulsion was enriched with the polymethyl-hydrogen siloxane oil hydrophobic agent as well as metakaolin (MK) or silica fume (SF) to induce the microroughness and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers to create hierarchical surfaces. Various emulsion types were investigated by using different mixing procedures, and single- and double-layer hydrophobic coatings were applied. The emulsions and coatings were characterized with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their wetting properties, including the water contact angle (CA) and roll-off angle, were measured. A theoretical model for coated and non-coated concrete, which ca...
Effects of Asymmetric Hot Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pressure Vessel Steel

Effects of asynchronous hot rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pressure vessel steel were contrasted and investigated. The results show that, the grain size of the material rolled by asymmetric rolling increases gradually from surface to center, and the surface grain reaches 1 mm; the difference of grain size of symmetric rolling along thickness is less; the fracture of symmetric rolling impact specimen is comprised of brittle and ductile fracture, and fracture of asynchronous rolling sample is toughness; the strength and plasticity of asynchronous rolling is better than that of conventional rolling.
Scheme design of information security for TRS

With TRS payment tending to diversification and networking,and the operation management pattern becoming gradually intelligent,the information security of TRS will face great threat.In view of the present conditions and demand of information security of TRS deeply,the information security protection system matched up with requirements for level 4th classified protection of information systems was proposed.A structure named triple protection systems supported by a center was proposed and a formal security policy model was constructed,and the core security regions of Ministry of Railways Ticketing Center,Regional Ticketing Center and station ticketing system were divided.By using integrated security management center to formulate and issued the access control policy and incident response mechanism,the tickets system can be visited and controlled by unified mark to make sure the security of computing environment,region boundary as well as communication network.All of the instruments can be canfigured and supervised crossing seaurity levels so as to realize information security of TRS.
PM2.5 Exposure and Intrauterine Inflammation: A Possible Mechanism for Preterm and Underweight Birth.

Intrauterine inflammation (IUI) is a risk factor for a variety of adverse birth outcomes, 1 , 2 , 3 and some investigators have hypothesized it could also play a role in the risk of being born preterm or underweight. 4 , 5 , 6 Several other studies have demonstrated that a pregnant woman’s exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) appears to increase her baby’s risk of being born preterm or underweight. 7 , 8 , 9 A new study bridges these lines of inquiry and offers evidence that IUI is associated with exposure to PM2.5. 10 Coauthor Marsha Wills-Karp, a professor of environmental health sciences at The Johns Hopkins University, says, “The study gives us some indication that there’s an actual change in the placenta and … inflammation occurring in close proximity to the fetus that is associated with exposure to air pollution.”
Statin Use and Its Association with Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Statins have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, and may have neuroprotective properties in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Figurative Language and Imagery

When you hear such things as “He’s all thumbs,” “I’m at the end of my rope,” “She doesn’t know enough to come in out of the rain,” you know that the speaker isn’t talking about thumbs, rope, or rain. Something else is intended: he’s graceless; I’m desperate; she’s dull. The speaker is using figurative language, that is, a means of indirect statement that says one thing in terms of another. The effectiveness of such usage can, of course, vary widely. It can seem tedious and uninteresting if the particular expression has too often been used; or it can seem foolish if it is simply showy or not especially appropriate. But as often as not the effect can be a liveliness of expression that manages to press very closely to the essence of an object or idea while also conveying a strong sense of the speaker’s attitudes and feelings. For the poet, whose tendency is to see and think figuratively, the use of figurative language is virtually inescapable.
Development and Assessment of Discrimination Exercises for Faculty Calibration in Preclinical Operative Dentistry

The aims of this study were to identify the level of interexaminer agreement among preclinical operative dentistry faculty members when grading Class II preparations performed by first-year dental students; to develop discrimination exercises for specific preparation components where interexaminer agreement was poor; and to evaluate if the discrimination exercises were able to improve inter- and intraexaminer agreement. In the preliminary phase of this study, 13 components of 32 Class II cavity preparations were assessed by eight course faculty members at one U.S. dental school. Analysis of average interexaminer agreement on these components revealed that six were below 60%. These were proximal contact clearance, retention groove placement, retention groove depth, preparation walls, preparation margins, and preparation toilet/debris. A 30-minute calibration session was subsequently developed to provide discrimination exercises utilizing 3-D models and digital images of various levels of student performance for five of the six components. Immediately following calibration, the course faculty assessed the same 32 preparations (Phase I) followed by a delayed assessment without calibration (Phase II) approximately six months later. The results showed that overall interexaminer reliability improved after calibration. Although there was a decline in interexaminer reliability after an interval of six months (Phase II), the degree of variation among examiners was lower than in the preliminary assessment. These findings support the use of discrimination exercises for preclinical operative dentistry course faculty to increase interexaminer agreement and thereby improve the consistency of faculty-student communication.
Right Lower Extremity Swelling

A 4-month-old male infant who was born at 24 weeks’ gestation with right lower extremity swelling. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories ### Medications The infant experienced hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia for most of his hospital stay (Table). View this table: Table. Laboratory Values During Postnatal Hospital Stay On postnatal day 125, the infant had right lower extremity swelling. Skeletal survey showed fractures in the right distal femur, right and left proximal tibia (Fig. 1), left distal femoral epiphysis and proximal left humerus, left distal radius, right proximal humerus, right distal radius and ulna (Fig. 3 - seen later). Bilateral rib fractures also were present (Fig. 2). Associated findings included decreased bone density, minimal bowing of the lower extremities, metaphyseal widening, and significant soft-tissue swelling in the knees and shoulders. Figure 1. Portable left lower extremity radiograph demonstrates …
Techniques of Memory

The eighth chapter considers three narratives that interviewees rely upon to structure their autobiographical memories of the process of integration: “regretted acts,” “risky confrontations,” and “defiant deeds.” Gill traces the origins of these narratives in popular culture. She analyzes her own recollections based on the transcript of an interview she gave about integration before she began this project. From this interview and new information acquired during an interview, she provides an example of how autobiographical memories can be reconstructed.
Use of rHuG-CSF in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a series of clonal hematologic neoplasm characterized by morphologic dysplasia, aberrant hematopoiesis, and peripheral blood refractory cytopenias. They are accompanied by increased risk of symptomatic anemia, infectious complications, and bleeding diathesis, as well as having a propensity for progressing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in patients who have the higher-grade MDS. These syndromes show notable biologic and clinical heterogeneity, and their complex pathobiology is not clearly understood. Ineffective hematopoiesis; however, is a well-recognized feature, wherein normal blood cell maturation, differentiation, function, and survival are impaired. These abnormalities contribute to the development of peripheral blood pancytopenia, and most patients succumb to complications of bone-marrow failure. The common presenting symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, bleeding, and infection [1–3].
Strengthening of ferrous binder jet 3D printed components through bronze infiltration

Abstract Net-shape 98% dense objects have been fabricated from a rapidly solidified ferrous powder using binder jet 3D printing and molten bronze infiltration. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis were used to characterize the structural evolution of the powder feedstock during an infiltration heating cycle. Microindentation and bend tests were performed on the infiltrated material to evaluate its mechanical properties. It was found that infiltration improved the strength of the sintered preforms by eliminating the stress concentration points at interparticle necks.
Moisture Farming with Metal-Organic Frameworks

In a recent issue of Science , Kim et al. describe a device that captures water vapor from the atmosphere at low relative humidity by using a metal-organic framework as the active sorbent. This first-of-its-kind water harvester can be powered by only solar thermal energy.
Low threshold epitaxial InAs quantum dot lasers on on-axis GaP/Si (001)

We report 1300 nm continuous wave lasing on an on-axis GaP/Si (001) virtual substrate operating up to 60°C with record low threshold current of 27 mA. Ridge and broad area lasers were fabricated with seven layers of p-modulation doped quantum dots and as-cleaved facets.