cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Gonyaulax polyedra measure a week

Cell communication was investigated in Gonyaulax polyedra by mixing two cultures grown on opposite lighting regimens, as reported in a companion paper. Herein, using the same data, 7-d (circaseptan) rhythms are also shown to characterize the luminescence of this cellular organism. A fraction of a culture of G. polyedra, grown in 12 h of light (L), alternating with 12 h of darkness (D), was exposed for 3 d to an LD-shift by 11 h. The circadian glow rhythm was compared under free-running conditions (LL) for cultures previously kept on the two differing LD regimens and for mixed cultures. A circaseptan modulation of the circadian amplitude is detected in cultures that had not undergone an LD shift and in some of the mixed cultures, but not in the shifted cultures. A statistically significantly lower circaseptan amplitude (less than 50%) and acrophase advance of over 120 degrees or 56 h (p less than 0.001) characterizes the mixed cultures, as compared to the original unshifted cultures, a finding that could mean that G. polyedra communicates along a circaseptan frequency. Whether a prior phase-shift known to affect circaseptan behavior in another unicell, Acetabularia mediterranea, led to an alteration of the time structure of G. polyedra remains an interesting subject for further study in this model, a model attractive to students of unicellular rhythms and underlying mechanisms that henceforth should be studied at multiple circadian and circaseptan frequencies. Circadian and circaseptan interrelations can both serve as markers for mechanisms of intercellular communication.
The Little Elongation Complex Regulates Small Nuclear RNA Transcription

Eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia (ELL) participates in the super elongation complex (SEC) with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) CTD kinase P-TEFb. SEC is a key regulator in the expression of HOX genes in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-based hematological malignancies, in the control of induced gene expression early in development, and in immediate early gene transcription. Here, we identify an SEC-like complex in Drosophila, as well as a distinct ELL-containing complex that lacks P-TEFb and other components of SEC named the “little elongation complex” (LEC). LEC subunits are highly enriched at RNA Pol II-transcribed small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, and the loss of LEC results in decreased snRNA expression in both flies and mammals. The specialization of the SEC and LEC complexes for mRNA and snRNA-containing genes, respectively, suggests the presence of specific classes of elongation factors for each class of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
Effect of lacYExpression on Homogeneity of Induction from the Ptac and Ptrc Promoters by Natural and Synthetic Inducers

The role of the Escherichia coli lactose permease (LacY) in the homogeneous induction of the lactose-inducible promoters P(tac) and P(trc) by the natural inducer lactose and the synthetic inducer isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was investigated. Lactose requires active transport by LacY, whereas IPTG can freely penetrate the cell wall. In E. coli strains lacking a functional LacY, IPTG is required for induction of P(tac) and P(trc). In E. coli strains carrying a functional LacY, induction of P(trc) and P(tac) with intermediate concentrations of lactose gave rise to two subpopulations, one fully induced and one uninduced, whereas a single, fully induced population resulted when high inducer concentrations were used. In contrast, induction with IPTG gave rise to a single population of cells at all inducer concentrations in both lacY and lacY(+) strains.
A domain decomposition technique for Stokes problems

Abstract In this paper, we give an analysis for a domain decomposition technique for Stokes problems. The technique involves the application of domain decomposition directly to the Stokes problem and gives rise to an indifinite system for the velocity nodes on the subdomain boundaries and the mean values of the pressure on the subdomains. We analyze the resulting system and show how it can be efficiently solved.
Progesterone levels in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Progesterone (P) levels in the peripheral blood of parous bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were studied by a competitive protein-binding radioassay method during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle P levels averaged less than .5 ng/ml during the first 9 days and then began to rise considerably between Days 9-11 reaching maximal levels on Day 18. P levels then showed a considerable decline by Day 24 of the cycle when compared with levels during Days 15-23. 2-3 days prior to menstruation P levels were less than 1 ng/ml. P levels during the first 12 days postbreeding were higher than during the luteal phase but presented a similar pattern. A definite divergence of P levels in pregnancy compared with nonpregnant animals occurred at Day 15 of pregnancy or Day 24 of the menstrual cycle when levels in pregnant animals were maintained and levels in nonpregnant animals significantly declined. This devergence suggests that there is a well-defined period in which the corpus luteum regresses if the animal is not pregnant. P concentrations began to decline on Day 35 postbreeding and continued until Days 45-50. Until Days 145-150 P levels varied and thereafter began to increase. The greatest increase in P levels was observed during the last 6 days before delivery. P levels which averaged 20 ng/ml about 12 hours before delivery declined to 2 ng/ml at 12 hours postpartum.
An investigation of the reliability of real-time information for route choice decisions in a congested traffic system

This paper investigates the reliability of information on prevailing trip times on the links of a network as a basis for route choice decisions by individual drivers. It considers a type of information strategy in which no attempt is made by some central controller or coordinating entity to predict what the travel times on each link would be by the time it is reached by a driver that is presently at a given location. A specially modified model combining traffic simulation and path assignment capabilities is used to analyze the reliability of the real-time information supplied to the drivers. This is accomplished by comparing the supplied travel times (at the link and path levels) to the actual trip times experienced in the network after the information has been given. In addition, the quality of the decisions made by drivers on the basis of this information (under alternative path switching rules) is evaluated ex-post by comparing the actually experienced travel time (given the decision made) to the time that the driver would have experienced without the real-time information. Results of a series of simulation experiments under recurrent congestion conditions are discussed, illustrating the interactions between information reliability and user response.
Efficient and Robust Constraint Automaton-Based Genome Map Assembly

DNA sequences are cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes in order to facilitate analysis. Application of different restriction enzymes to multiple copies of a DNA sequence generates many overlapping fragments. To reconstruct the original DNA, these fragments need to be sequenced and assembled. This problem of finding the original order of the fragments is called the genome map assembly problem. We propose a constraint automaton solution to solve the genome map assembly problem for both error prone and error free data. Plasmid vectors puc57, pKLAC1-malE, pTXB1 and phage vector Adenovirus2, having a size in base pairs of 2710, 6706, 10153 and 35937 respectively, were used to prove that computational time for solving genome map assembly problem using constraint automaton solution is linear with both precise and approximate data.
High-frequency numerical-analytic approximations for the separable acoustic wave equation

Abstract An algorithm which employs a combination of asymptotic and numerical methods to solve a Sturm-Liouville problem arising from a separable acoustic wave equation is presented. Error criteria for switching between methods are derived. Implementation requires a decomposition of the index of refraction profile into separable subprofiles. Computing times and accuracies are compared with conventional methods.
Inflammation with restricted lysosomal proteolysis during early ascites carcinoma invasion of mouse parietal periotoneum. A medium and high-voltage electron microscopic and cytochemical study

A carcinoma invasion system (Krebs-2 and Ehrlich tetraploid ascites tumors invading mouse peritoneum) was studied by high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) stereoscopy, conventional (medium voltage) electron microscopy (MVEM), and cytochemistry. Tumor cells entered areas of peritoneum (mainly parietal) only where mesothelial cells were damaged and where there was inflammation of the underlying stroma. The initial invasion was different from that of most other invading carcinomas in that there was minimal breakdown of basal lamina and collagen. Neither tumor cells, inflammatory leukocytes nor peritoneal fibroblasts showed significant secondary lysosome production or release of intracellular or extracellular acid phosphatase. Morphological and cytochemical criteria suggest that in some invading carcinomas, as with non-tumor migrating cells such as leukocytes, widespread proteolysis due to diffusion of proteases is not a prerequisite for invasion of stromal connective tissue.
Atrial fibrillation in syphilitic aortic insufficiency.

Abstract Atrial fibrillation has been found to be present in 11.2 per cent of all cases of syphilitic aortic insufficiency at the John Gaston Hospital. This percentage compares roughly with the incidence in rheumatic fever (14.3 per cent) at our hospital, and the overall incidence of fibrillation in a large series 7 of unselected cardiac cases (12.5 per cent). It is concluded that presence or absence of fibrillation cannot be used as a differential diagnostic point between syphilitic and rheumatic aortic regurgitation.
Implant Arthroplasty of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb

Resection arthroplasty with or without ligament reconstruction for thumb trapeziometacarpal arthritis can be complicated by thumb shortening and pinch-strength weakness. Implant arthroplasties have been developed to limit loss of thumb length, improve strength, and limit postoperative convalescence. The ideal thumb carpometacarpal implant should be strong and stable, provide full range of motion, and prevent loosening. Unfortunately, no current prosthesis accomplishes all of these goals. Until the ideal implant is developed, clinical acumen must be used to determine appropriate patients and implants.
Structure of a reacting hydrocarbon-air planar mixing layer

Abstract The structure of a reacting hydrocarbon-air two-stream planar mixing layer was investigated experimentally with non-premixed reactants under pressurized conditions. Propane and dimethyl ether (DME) diluted with argon or nitrogen was used as the fuel stream while heated air was used as the oxidizer. Experiments were performed at a range of Reynolds numbers in both the pre- and post-mixing transition portions of the mixing layer under conditions where the lean reactant (air) was placed in either the high-speed (AHS) or low-speed stream (FHS). The reacting mixing layer was visualized using a combined OH LIF/soot LII technique, wherein the reaction zone and the region of parent fuel entrainment and decomposition were simultaneously imaged. In both AHS and FHS cases at all Reynolds numbers examined, the mixing layer consisted of two regions: a high temperature reaction zone with a laminar appearance found on the oxidizer side of the mixing layer and an ‘internal’ mixing layer in which products mixed with pyrolized fuel in a manner reminiscent of a two-stream non-reacting mixing layer. The location and dynamics of the soot formed within the mixing layer were closely related to the mixing behavior of the large-scale structures. The regions of highest soot volume fraction were found in low temperature regions near the location of raw fuel entrainment. There was no significant broadening of the high-temperature reaction zone or increase in flame area under turbulent conditions due to the lack of dilution of the freestream conditions, unlike previous observations in jet flames. Changes in the inlet streams which affected chemistry did not appear to cause significant changes in the overall mixing layer structure shown in the OH/LII images. However, finite-chemistry effects were discernable with temperature measurements and indicated that reduced product formation was observed with reductions in a characteristic Damkohler number, Da . The point of flame lift-off was shown to occur at Da
Social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders with and without psychotic features.

Abstract Background Social cognition may be critical to the impoverished social functioning seen in serious mental illness. However, although social-cognitive deficits are consistently demonstrated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), studies in bipolar disorder (BD) have produced inconsistent results. This inconsistency may relate to symptom profiles of patients studied, particularly the presence or absence of psychotic features. Thus, we examined social cognition in bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BD +) versus without psychotic features (BD −) relative to SSD and controls. Methods A sample of 537 SSD patients, 85 BD + patients, 37 BD − patients, and 309 controls were administered the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, including a social cognition measure, the managing emotions branch of the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Analyses of covariance compared MSCEIT performance between diagnostic groups while controlling for race, psychotropic medication status, and neurocognition. Results SSD but not BD − or BD + patients showed significant MSCEIT deficits relative to controls. Conclusions MSCEIT deficits were found in SSD but not BD − or BD +, suggesting that social cognition may represent an underlying difference between SSD and BD. However, variance in MSCEIT performance among BD patients may also suggest latent BD subgroups characterized by social-cognitive deficits. Findings can help inform future investigations into how social cognition and social brain development differ between SSD and BD.
Effect of anterior prepyriform and medial amygdaloid lesions on acquisition of taste-avoidance and response to dietary amino acid imbalance

Abstract Rats with bilateral lesions of the anterior prepyriform cortex or medial amygdala demonstrate attenuated behavioral sensitivity to a dietary threonine-imbalance. While rats with medial amygdaloid lesions demonstrate an attenuated ability to acquire taste-avoidances, such a deficit is not found in rats with lesions of the anterior prepyriform cortex. The effect of anterior prepyriform and medial amygdaloid lesions on behavioral sensitivity to dietary amino acid imbalances is discussed in terms of the probable roles played by these areas in amino acid intake control.
Are orbiting resonances still possible in antiproton-nucleus scattering?

Abstract New data from LEAR on the elastic scattering of antiprotons from 12 C at 46.8 MeV are analyzed in light of previous theoretical predictions. It is found that the data support both strongly and weakly absorbing potential descriptions and hence do not rule out orbiting resonances. Further experiments are required to settle this question.
Polycythemia vera erythroid precursors exhibit increased proliferation and apoptosis resistance associated with abnormal RAS and PI3K pathway activation

Objective Polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by erythrocytosis associated with the presence of the activating JAK2 V617F mutation in a variable proportion of hematopoietic cells. JAK2 V617F is detected in other myeloproliferative neoplasms, does not appear to be the PV-initiating event, and its specific role in deregulated erythropoiesis in PV is incompletely understood. We investigated the pathogenesis of PV to characterize abnormal proliferation and apoptosis responses and aberrant oncogenic pathway activation in primary PV erythroid precursors. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood CD34 + cells isolated from PV patients and healthy controls were grown in liquid culture to expand a population of primary erythroblasts for experiments designed to analyze cellular proliferation, apoptosis, JAK2 V617F mutation status, cytokine-dependent protein phosphorylation and gene expression profiling using Affymetrix microarrays. Results The survival and proliferation of PV erythroblasts were growth factor–dependent under strict serum-free conditions requiring both erythropoietin (EPO) and stem cell factor. PV erythroblasts exhibited EPO hypersensitivity and enhanced cellular proliferation associated with increased EPO-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation. EPO-induced AKT phosphorylation was observed in PV but not normal erythroblasts, an effect associated with apoptosis resistance in PV erythroblasts. Analysis of gene expression and oncogenic pathway activation signatures revealed increased RAS ( p p Conclusion Deregulated erythropoiesis in PV involves EPO hypersensitivity and apoptosis resistance of erythroid precursor cells associated with abnormally increased activation of RAS-ERK and phosphoinositide-3 kinase–AKT pathways. These data suggest that investigation of the mechanisms of abnormal RAS and phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway activation in erythroblasts may contribute to our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PV.
Another visit to the theory of image restoration strategies

(2000). Another visit to the theory of image restoration strategies. Communication Quarterly: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 40-43.
The Role of Haggling in Marketing: An Examination of Buyer Behavior

Examines the marketing function performed by haggling in both price setting and providing price information to customers who do not read and write. Considers the process of haggling and how it can replace promotion as a marketing mix. Concludes that the success of firms in a haggling‐oriented culture depends on: type of product, the way goods are sold as well as the market they are sold into, and the channels of distribution the firm uses to sell its products.
Elimination of fine suspensoids in the oceanic water column

Abstract Fine suspended materials in the particle-size range 1 ( r , equivalent sphere radius) from the equatorial North Atlantic, between the ocean surface and greater depths (30–5100 m), can be consistently described by a size-distribution relationship dN/dr = Ar −b , where the parameters A and b are independent of r . The shape of the particle-size distribution is essentially constant and independent of depth, as reflected in the values of the logarithmic slope of the size distribution b = 4.0 ± 0.3 . The particle-number and mass concentration, however, decrease strongly with depth, most of the decrease taking place in the surface layer 200 m deep. In the surface layer, mass concentration decreases exponentially with the half-concentration depth z 1/2 ⋍ 60m ; in the deep layer (200–5000 m), z 1/2 ⋍ 1000m . The computed removal half-lives of the particulate material are 0.8 ± 0.6yr in the surface layer, and 60 ± 20yr in the deep layer, both half-lives being considerably shorter than Stokes settling residence times. The fast turnover or removal rate in the surface layer is compatible with the rates of zooplankton growth and carbon assimilation.
Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources

For the past three decades, discussion of naturally-occurring gas hydrates has been framed by a series of assessments that indicate enormous global volumes of methane present within gas hydrate accumulations. At present, these estimates continue to range over several orders of magnitude, creating great uncertainty in assessing those two gas hydrate issues that relate most directly to resource volumes – gas hydrate’s potential as an energy resource and its possible role in ongoing climate change. However, a series of recent field expeditions have provided new insights into the nature of gas hydrate occurrence; perhaps most notably, the understanding that gas hydrates occur in a wide variety of geologic settings and modes of occurrence. These fundamental differences - which include gas hydrate concentration, host lithology, distribution within the sediment matrix, burial depth, water depth, and many others - can now be incorporated into evaluations of gas hydrate energy resource and environmental issues. With regard to energy supply potential, field data combined with advanced numerical simulation have identified gas-hydrate-bearing sands as the most feasible initial targets for energy recovery. The first assessments of potential technically-recoverable resources are now occurring, enabling a preliminary estimate of ultimate global recoverable volumes on the order of ~3 × 1014 m3 (1016 ft3; ∼150 GtC). Other occurrences, such as gas hydrate-filled fractures in clay-dominated reservoirs, may also become potential energy production targets in the future; but as yet, no production concept has been demonstrated. With regard to the climate implications of gas hydrate, an analogous partitioning of global resources to determine that portion most prone to dissociation during specific future warming scenarios is needed. At present, it appears that these two portions of total gas hydrate resources (those that are the most likely targets for gas extraction and those that are the most likely to respond in a meaningful way to climate change) will be largely exclusive, as those deposits that are the most amenable to production (the more deeply buried and localized accumulations) are also those that are the most poorly coupled to oceanic and atmospheric conditions.
Evaluation of reverse phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for estimation of n-octanol/water partition coefficients for organic chemicals

Abstract A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS method was developed for estimating n-octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) of anthropogenic molecules in complex chemical mixtures (e.g., complex effluents and solid waste leachates). The average error for an estimated log Kow was ca. 0.5 and this error was similar for both aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The minimum level of detection using the total ion current profile generally decreased with increasing molecular weight between 100 and 600 daltons. Results obtained demonstrate that the HPLC/MS method is a viable technique for estimating log Kow's of anthropogenic chemicals in complex environmental samples.
Using History Ahistorically: Presentism and the Tranquility Fallacy

Much attention in this journal has been paid to the ahistorical nature of management and organizational studies. Drawing from academic, practitioner and consultant literature, I look at examples where history itself is called upon – absent any of the theoretical and methodological discipline that should accompany history – to augment an authors' analysis and conclusion. In particular, I focus on presentism and the tranquility fallacy; the terms I use to label the tendency to find the current era to be exceptionally, even uniquely turbulent and past eras to seem calm in comparison. Calling on both economic and philosophical fields, I argue that presentism is a universal human condition, inherent in the state of being. The turbulence fallacy, however, compounds that flaw, distorts the past, and severely constricts our capacity to learn from experience. The essay concludes with a call for management historians to counter the tranquility fallacy.
Carotid plaque morphometric assessment with three-dimensional ultrasound imaging

Objective As investigations into nonsurgical treatment for atherosclerosis expand, the measurement of plaque regression and progression has become an important end point to evaluate. Measurements of three-dimensional (3D) plaque volume are more reliable and sensitive to change than are traditional estimates of stenosis severity or cross-sectional area. 3D ultrasound (3D US) imaging may allow monitoring of plaque volume changes but has not been used routinely due to the cumbersome motorized units required to drive transducers. We investigated the variability, reliability, and the least amount of change detectable by 1D plaque measures, as well as 2D and 3D measures of plaque morphometry, that can be applied in a clinical environment. Methods 3D US imaging was obtained in 10 patients with carotid stenosis. The lumen and outer wall boundaries were outlined in serial cross-sectional images 1 mm apart. Three observers manually segmented vessel wall volumes (VWVs), and the segmentation was repeated again 4 weeks later. This allowed measurement of interobserver and intraobserver variability of 6 pairs of observations. We measured Bland-Altman statistics, intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficient of variability, and the minimum detectable plaque change for each morphometric measure. Results The mean VWV of carotid lesions in the study was 1276.8 mm 3 (range, 620.6-1956.3 mm 3 ). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated low interobserver and intraobserver variability. The interobserver variability of volume measurements as a function of mean volume was 14.8% and interobserver variability was 8.9%. Reliability was 87% as quantified by the interclass correlation and was 95% by the intraclass correlation. The least detectable change in VWV was 12.9% for interobserver variability and 4.5% for intraobserver variability for the three observers. Conclusions Carotid plaque diameter measurements from B-mode images have high variability. Plaque burden, as estimated by VWV, can be measured reliably with a 3D US technique using a clinical scanner. The volumetric change, with 95% confidence, that must be observed to establish that a plaque has undergone growth or regression is ∼12.9% for different observers and 4.5% for the same observer performing the follow-up study.
Progesterone receptors and the sexual differentiation of the medial preoptic nucleus

The central component of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc) of the rat has served as an excellent model of sexual differentiation. The MPNc is larger in adult males than in females, and its development is regulated by perinatal gonadal hormones. Although testosterone (T) and its metabolite estradiol (E) sexually differentiate this region, the exact mechanism by which they act during development is not known. There is a dramatic sex difference in the expression of progesterone receptors (PR) in the MPN during development; perinatal males express higher levels of PR than females. Additionally, PR expression during this time is dependent on exposure to T. Thus, PR induction may be one mechanism by which T sexually differentiates the MPN. The present study investigated the potential role of PR in the sexual differentiation of the MPNc. Anatomical examination of PR distribution within the MPN of neonatal males revealed the presence of PR immunoreactive cells within the MPNc, suggesting a direct route of action for PR in the development of the MPNc. Additionally, we measured the effects of neonatal RU486 treatment, a progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, on subsequent MPNc volume in neonatally T-treated females and neonatally castrated males, given T. RU486 treatment reduced the MPNc volume of T-treated females while it increased the volume in T-treated, neonatally castrated males. These results, taken together with the expression of PR in the MPNc, suggest that PR may influence the sexual differentiation of the MPNc volume.
Characterization of copy numbers of 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and the implication in detection in planta using quantitative PCR

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases on citrus and is associated with Candidatus Liberibacter spp.. The pathogens are phloem limited and have not been cultured in vitro. The current management strategy of HLB is to remove infected citrus trees and reduce psyllid populations with insecticides to prevent the spreading. This strategy requires sensitive and reliable diagnostic methods for early detection. We investigated the copy numbers of the 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA of the HLB pathogen and the implication of improving the diagnosis of HLB for early detection using Quantitative PCR. We compared the detection of HLB with different Quantitative PCR based methods with primers/probe targeting either 16S rDNA, beta-operon DNA, 16S rRNA, or beta-operon RNA. The 16S rDNA copy number of Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus was estimated to be three times of that of the beta-operon region, thus allowing detection of lower titer of Ca. L. asiaticus. Quantitative reverse transcriptional PCR (QRT-PCR) indicated that the 16S rRNA averaged 7.83 times more than that of 16S rDNA for the same samples. Dilution analysis also indicates that QRT-PCR targeting 16S rRNA is 10 time more sensitive than QPCR targeting 16S rDNA. Thus QRT-PCR was able to increase the sensitivity of detection by targeting 16S rRNA. Our result indicates that Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus contains three copies of 16S rDNA. The copy number of 16S rRNA of Ca. L. asiaticus in planta averaged about 7.8 times of 16S rDNA for the same set of samples tested in this study. Detection sensitivity of HLB could be improved through the following approaches: using 16S rDNA based primers/probe in the QPCR assays; and using QRT-PCR assays targeting 16S rRNA.
Adapting to America: Catholics, Jesuits, and Higher Education in the Twentieth Century

Professor Leahy recounts the academic tensions between religious beliefs and intellectual inquiry, and explores the social changes that have affected higher education and American Catholicism throughout this century. He attempts to explain why the significant growth of Catholic colleges and universities was not always matched by concomitant academic esteem in the larger world of American higher education.
Baseline quality of life and anxiety in solid organ transplant recipients: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients on high doses of immunosuppression are at increased risk for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the possible factors impacting quality of life (QOL) in solid organ transplant recipients. METHODS Patients were seen in a dermatology clinic integrated within the transplant center at a university-based hospital. One anxiety questionnaire and three QOL questionnaires were administered to each patient. A regression model was used to determine possible predictors of anxiety and lower QOL. RESULTS The baseline scores on the QOL instruments and anxiety questionnaire indicate poor organ-specific and general QOL as well as high levels of anxiety. Time since transplant was predictive of lower QOL as measured by Skindex-16 (p<.01). While not significant, number of NMSCs correlated with higher anxiety as measured by the STAI (p=.055). CONCLUSIONS While transplant patients enjoy longer survival, the quality of the extended life has room for improvement. Future studies will determine how QOL changes over time as these patients develop more numerous and aggressive skin cancers. Intervention with regular screening may not only lessen morbidity associated with skin cancer but may improve overall QOL in the posttransplant period.
Caliban's heritance and the genetics of neuronal aging.

Although current research on brain aging is dominated by Alzheimer's disease (AD), many other brain changes arise during middle age in humans and in rodent models that are independent of AD-like neurodegeneration. Differences and continuities between normal and pathological aspects of neuronal aging reveal the relative contributions and interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Apolipoprotein E alleles might be prototypes for genetic polymorphisms associated with functional changes that arise during middle age. Mice are valuable models for these aspects of aging because most genotypes show little neurodegeneration, and none accumulate β-amyloid unless human transgenes are introduced. As further human genes are found to modify normal and pathological neuronal aging, this zoo of aging-animal variants will facilitate analysis both of pathways of age-related neuronal dysfunction and of environmental influences on these pathways.
Media, tasks, and communication processes: a theory of media synchronicity

This paper expands, refines, and explicates media synchronicity theory, originally proposed in a conference proceeding in 1999 (Dennis and Valacich 1999). Media synchronicity theory (MST) focuses on the ability of media to support synchronicity, a shared pattern of coordinated behavior among individuals as they work together. We expand on the original propositions of MST to argue that communication is composed of two primary processes: conveyance and convergence. The familiarity of individuals with the tasks they are performing and with their coworkers will also affect the relative amounts of these two processes. Media synchronicity theory proposes that for conveyance processes, use of media supporting lower synchronicity should result in better communication performance. For convergence processes, use of media supporting higher synchronicity should result in better communication performance. We identify five capabilities of media (symbol sets, parallelism, transmission velocity, rehearsability, and reprocessability) that influence the development of synchronicity and thus the successful performance of conveyance and convergence communication processes. The successful completion of most tasks involving more than one individual requires both conveyance and convergence processes, thus communication performance will be improved when individuals use a variety of media to perform a task, rather than just one medium.
Genetic regulation of arealization of the neocortex

Arealization of the neocortex is controlled by a regulatory hierarchy beginning with morphogens secreted from patterning centers positioned at the perimeter of the dorsal telencephalon. These morphogens act in part to establish within cortical progenitors the differential expression of transcription factors that specify their area identity, which is inherited by their neuronal progeny, providing the genetic framework for area patterning. The two patterning centers most directly implicated in arealization are the commissural plate, which expresses fibroblast growth factors, and the cortical hem, which expresses bone morphogenetic proteins and vertebrate orthologs of Drosophila wingless, the Wnts. A third, albeit putative, patterning center is the antihem, identified by its expression of multiple signaling molecules. We describe recent findings on roles for these patterning centers in arealization. We also present the most recent evidence on functions of the four transcription factors, Emx2, COUP-TFI, Pax6, and Sp8, thus far implicated in arealization. We also describe screens for candidate target genes of these transcription factors, or other genes potentially involved in arealization. We conclude with an assessment of a forward genetics approach for identifying genes involved in determining area size based in part on quantitative trait locus mapping, and the implications for significant differences between individuals in area size on behavioral performance.
ON THINKING AND NOT BEING ABLE TO THINK: REFLECTIONS ON VIEWING THE ABU GHRAIB PHOTOS

Using experiences from childhood, from encounters with contemporary art, from clinical experience, and, most elaborately, from an initial viewing of the Abu Ghraib photos, the author argues that the interpretability of experience depends upon its being legible. This legibility, in turn, depends upon the interpreter maintaining contact with his/her own capacities for thought, and, more fundamentally, with the vitally necessary community of others with whom he/she shares those capacities.
Lessons Learned, Ignored, Forgotten and Reborn: Organizations and Management 1960 to Today

Current firm experiments within a set of knowledge driven segments of the global economy suggest the possible rebirth of the managerial values and commitments to participative leadership and collaborative creativity that flourished in the US in the 1960s. Potential barriers include a focus on short term profits and intellectual property protection that restrict both within and between firm knowledge sharing to drive innovations across complementary markets. While growing knowledge resources suggest possible achievements well beyond previous levels, the required collaborative capabilities appear to demand a recommitment among management scholars to field research and the sharing of insights with managers across levels and firms.
Regulators of Cellular Levels of Histone Acetylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Histone acetylation levels are regulated through the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs). While much is known about gene-specific control of histone acetylation, little is understood about how total or cellular levels of histone acetylation are regulated. To identify regulators of cellular levels of histone acetylation, we developed an immunofluorescence-based approach to screen the single-gene deletion library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for strains with significant reductions in cellular histone acetylation levels. Of the 4848 mutants screened, we identified 63 strains with considerable cellular hypoacetylation of N-terminal lysines in histones H3 and H4. The cellular hypoacetylation was validated for subsets of the identified strains through secondary screens including mass spectrometric analysis of individual lysines and chromatin immunoprecipitation of specific genomic loci. Among the identified mutants were several members of the Ccr4-Not complex, V-type ATPases, and vacuolar protein-sorting complexes as well as genes with unknown functions. We show that Gcn5, a major HAT in yeast, has diminished histone acetyltransferase activity in particular mutants, providing a plausible explanation for reduction of cellular acetylation levels in vivo. Our findings have revealed unexpected and novel links between histone acetylation, Gcn5 HAT activity, and diverse processes such as transcription, cellular ion homeostasis, and protein transport.
A UNIFIED THEORY OF QUOTATION

: This paper offers a theory of quotation by uniting two apparently disparate extant theories, Recanati's pragmatic theory and Washington's identity theory. Recanati draws a distinction between open and closed quotations, and contends that open quotations do not refer. Washington argues that closed quotations refer to various expression types, not just orthographic and/or phonetic types. By combining these views, this paper proposes a theory, according to which quotations, open or closed, may be tokens of semantico-physical types (i.e., meaningful expressions), and while those types are mentioned (or referred to) by closed quotations, they are used in open quotations.
Parametric study of an excimer-pumped, nitrogen Raman shifter for lidar applications.

A krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer-pumped, nitrogen Raman shifter has been studied for use in a wavelength-optimized solar-blind Raman lidar. First Stokes conversion efficiencies (248 → 263 nm) as high as 12% have been observed in N2:He gas mixtures. Both oscillator–amplifier and self-seeded configurations were investigated. Wavelength-dependent effects were investigated with a Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 and 266 nm. A comparison of KrF- and Nd:YAG-pumped Raman shifting has shown that the beam quality of the excimer laser was a major factor in limiting the maximum first Stokes conversion efficiency.
Range effects of the Coulombic forces on structures, thermodynamic properties and potential energy landscapes: (KCl)32 and related systems

By introducing two shielding parameters into the Coulombic part of the Coulomb plus Born–Mayer potential originally developed for (KCl)n systems, we study the effects of the range of the Coulombic interactions on the structures, thermodynamic properties and the potential energy landscapes of binary ionically bonded systems as illustrated by the case of n = 32. Our calculations show that shortening of the Coulomb interaction range leads to a decrease in the energy of the most stable structure, and the structure itself changes from the rocksalt cubic to a hollow cage type. The energy range, in which the heat capacity exhibits a negative value, gradually narrows and eventually disappears. The number of stationary points on the potential energy surface increases, and their energies get spread over a larger interval. The extent of the Coulombic interaction also affects the energy difference (gap) between the most stable structure and the structure that follows it. All these changes translate into changes in the melting behavior of the system. An analysis of the melting behavior as a function of the range of the Coulombic interaction is presented and correlated with the range-dependent changes in the topography of the underlying potential energy surface.
Grape Polyphenols Decrease Plasma Triglycerides and Cholesterol Accumulation in the Aorta of Ovariectomized Guinea Pigs

Female ovariectomized guinea pigs, a model for menopausal women, were fed either a control diet or a diet containing 10 g/100 g of a lyophilized grape preparation for 12 wk. The macronutrient composition of the grape preparation was: simple carbohydrates, 90 g/100 g; protein, 4 g/100 g; and dietary fiber, 6 g/100 g. Control and grape diets had the same composition except for the percentage of macronutrients provided by the grape preparation. Polyphenols were present in the grape preparation at 0.58 g/100 g and included flavans, anthocyanins, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and resveratrol. Dietary cholesterol was 0.33 g/100 g to raise plasma cholesterol concentrations and ensure the development of atherosclerosis. Plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations did not differ between groups, whereas plasma triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol were 39 and 50% lower, respectively in guinea pigs fed the grape diet compared with controls (P < 0.05). Significant modifications in LDL particles included 58 and 30% lower triglycerides and phospholipids, respectively (P < 0.0001). Hepatic acyl CoA:cholesteryl acyltransferase activity was 27% lower (P < 0.05) in the grape diet-fed group compared with controls. In addition, concentrations of cholesterol in the aorta were 33% lower (P < 0.05) in guinea pigs fed the grape diet. These results suggest that grape intake in ovariectomized guinea pigs alters hepatic cholesterol metabolism, which may affect VLDL secretion rates and result in less accumulation of cholesterol in the aorta.
Effects of Fatty Acids and Hormones on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis in Bovine Hepatocytes

Primary cultures of hepatocytes were used to study the effects of extracellular oleate concentration and hormones on fatty acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Rates of oleate uptake and oxidation to acid-soluble products varied linearly as oleate concentrations increased (0.1 to 2 mM), but rates of triglyceride accumulation varied quadratically. Insulin increased the proportion of oleate that was esterified by 22% without affecting the formation of acid-soluble products. Cells incubated with 2 mM [1-(14)C]oleate for 24 h eliminated 9.6% of the labeled intracellular lipid as acid-soluble products in the following 24 h when no oleate was present during depletion and eliminated 7.7% when 2 mM oleate was present. Insulin reduced labeled triglyceride depletion by 49%. Gluconeogenesis from [2-(14)C] propionate was depressed by 24%, and formation of acid-soluble products was increased by 46% in cells infiltrated with lipid because of previous exposure to 2 mM oleate for 45 h. Rates of gluconeogenesis from propionate were reduced 23% when 2 mM oleate was present during the 3-h period that gluconeogenesis was measured, and the effect was not modified by lipid infiltration. Lipid infiltration influenced hepatic function, and insulin regulated hepatic triglyceride concentration.
Concept for an HDF-EOS image data construct

NASA's Earth Science Data and Information Systems (ESDIS) Project has promulgated a standard format for the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Standard Data Products, HDF-EOS. HDF-EOS is based on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). At present HDF-EOS provides for "Swath", "Point", and "Grid" data constructs. This paper provides a concept for an "Image" data construct. Essential components include image data, palettes, and geolocation information; in addition a number of optional components are described. This paper sets forth a number of criteria to be considered in the development of this new standard construct, and discusses the options for the approach to standardization. This paper provides sketches of an implementation (using HDF constructs) of the main features of the concepts, and references to WWW Pages that provide examples.
Automatic reconstruction of cities from remote sensor data

In this paper, we address the complex problem of rapid modeling of large-scale areas and present a novel approach for the automatic reconstruction of cities from remote sensor data. The goal in this work is to automatically create lightweight, watertight polygonal 3D models from LiDAR data (Light Detection and Ranging) captured by an airborne scanner. This is achieved in three steps: preprocessing, segmentation and modeling, as shown in Figure 1. Our main technical contributions in this paper are: (i) a novel, robust, automatic segmentation technique based on the statistical analysis of the geometric properties of the data, which makes no particular assumptions about the input data, thus having no data dependencies, and (ii) an efficient and automatic modeling pipeline for the reconstruction of large-scale areas containing several thousands of buildings. We have extensively tested the proposed approach with several city-size datasets including downtown Baltimore, downtown Denver, the city of Atlanta, downtown Oakland, and we present and evaluate the experimental results.