cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Multishape Learning Framework for Longitudinal Prediction of Cortical Surfaces and Fiber Tracts Using Neonatal Data

Dramatic changes of the human brain during the first year of postnatal development are poorly understood due to their multifold complexity. In this paper, we present the first attempt to jointly predict, using neonatal data, the dynamic growth pattern of brain cortical surfaces (collection of 3D triangular faces) and fiber tracts (collection of 3D lines). These two entities are modeled jointly as a multishape (a set of interlinked shapes). We propose a hybrid learning-based multishape prediction framework that captures both the diffeomorphic evolution of the cortical surfaces and the non-diffeomorphic growth of fiber tracts. In particular, we learn a set of geometric and dynamic cortical features and fiber connectivity features that characterize the relationships between cortical surfaces and fibers at different timepoints (0, 3, 6, and 9 months of age). Given a new neonatal multishape at 0 month of age, we hierarchically predict, at 3, 6 and 9 months, the postnatal cortical surfaces vertex-by-vertex along with fibers connected to adjacent faces to these vertices. This is achieved using a new fiber-to-face metric that quantifies the similarity between multishapes. For validation, we propose several evaluation metrics to thoroughly assess the performance of our framework. The results confirm that our framework yields good prediction accuracy of complex neonatal multishape development within a few seconds.
Emphysematous cholecystitis secondary to Clostridium perfringens infection

Emphysematous cholecystitis was diagnosed in a 65-year-old diabetic patient who presented with fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant pain. A plain abdominal film did not reveal any abnormalities, but aCT scan of the abdomen showed gas in the lumen and wall of the gallbladder. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion for emphysematous cholecystitis in patients with the risk factors of being male, being in an older age group, and having diabetes mellitus.
Enhanced pinning for vortices in hyperuniform pinning arrays and emergent hyperuniform vortex configurations with quenched disorder

Disordered hyperuniformity is a state of matter which has isotropic liquid like properties while simultaneously having crystalline like properties such as little variation in the density fluctuations over long distances. Such states arise for the packing of photoreceptor cells in chicken eyes, jammed particle assemblies, and in nonequilibrium systems. An open question is what possible applications could utilize properties of hyperuniformity. One of the major issues for applications of type-II superconductors is how to achieve high critical currents by preventing the motion or depinning of vortices, so there is great interest in understanding which pinning site geometries will lead to the optimal pinning of vortices. Here, using large scale computational simulations, we show that vortices in a type-II superconductor with a hyperuniform pinning arrangement exhibit enhanced pinning compared to an equal number of pinning sites with a purely random arrangement, and that the enhancement is robust over a wide range of parameters. The stronger pinning arises in the hyperuniform arrays due to the suppression of pinning density fluctuations, permitting higher pin occupancy and the reduction of weak links that lead to easy flow channeling. We also show that in general, in amorphous vortex states in the presence of either random or hyperuniform pinning arrays, the vortices themselves exhibit disordered hyperuniformity due to the repulsive nature of the vortex-vortex interactions.
Disabled Attractions in Kiss of the Spider Woman

A return to Manuel Puig’s prison cell in Kiss of the Spider Woman parallels the physical limitations of incarceration with social marginality. However, inspired by Robert McRuer’s Crip Theory, the disabled status of the two inmates is not regarded as a setback, but rather as a preferred state of being. Crippled by their situation, the two find solace in each other and make of their cultural disabilities the motivation for collaborative action against the imprisoning pressures of heteronormative institutions. This reading of Kiss of the Spider Woman argues that the disabling effects of social marginalization enable community formation based on sharing, supportive gestures that work to disengage heteronormative power structures.
Status of Tuberculosis services in Indian Prisons

Abstract Introduction Prisons are known to be a high risk environment for tuberculosis (TB) due to overcrowding, low levels of nutrition, poor infection control and lack of accessible healthcare services. India has nearly 1400 prisons housing 0.37 million inmates. However, information on, availability of diagnostic and treatment services for TB in the prison settings is limited. This study examined the availability of TB services in prisons of India. Simultaneously, prison inmates were screened for tuberculosis. Method The study was conducted in 157 prisons across 300 districts between July-December 2013. Information on services available and practices followed for screening, diagnosis and treatment of TB was collected. Additionally, the inmates and prison staff were sensitised on TB using interpersonal communication materials. The inmates were screened for cough ≥2 weeks as a symptom of TB. Those identified as presumptive TB patients (PTBP) were linked with free diagnostic and treatment services. Results Diagnostic and treatment services for TB were available in 18% and 54% of the prisons respectively. Only half of the prisons screened inmates for TB on entry, while nearly 60% practised periodic screening of inmates. District level prisons (OR, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.6-22.1), prisons with more than 500 inmates (OR, 52; 95% CI, 1.4-19.2), and prisons practising periodic screening of inmates (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.2) were more likely to diagnose TB cases. 19% of the inmates screened had symptoms of TB (cough ≥2 weeks) and 8% of the PTBP were diagnosed with TB on smear microscopy. Conclusion The TB screening, diagnostic and treatment services are sub-optimal in prisons in India and need to be strengthened urgently.
Identifying Adverse Events in Pediatric Surgery: Comparing Morbidity and Mortality Conference with the NSQIP-Pediatric System

Background Recent improvements to morbidity and mortality (MM exclusions were studied separately. Complication rates in M&M conference before and after a 2012 format change designed to increase case reporting were also compared. Results Detection of mortality in M&M conference and NSQIP-P was not different. Morbidity events identified by NSQIP-P were significantly higher than M&M conference during the entire study period (194 vs 100 occurrences/1,000 cases) (p Conclusions The NSQIP-P identified more complications than M&M. The M&M conference improvements increased reported cases, but they still remained lower than NSQIP-P. However, M&M conference identified events resulting in systems changes that would not have been identified by NSQIP-P. Although NSQIP-P captures occurrences to compare large patient cohorts, M&M analyzes singular failures and initiates direct interventions. Integration of these systems can optimize their usefulness in quality improvement.
In-Service Physical Educators' Experiences of Online Adapted Physical Education Endorsement Courses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate in-service physical education (PE) teachers’ experiences during online adapted physical education (APE) graduate courses. Based on andragogy theory (adult learning theory) we employed a descriptive qualitative methodology using an explanatory case study design. The participants (6 female and 3 male) were in-service PE teachers enrolled in an online graduate APE endorsement program. Data collection included journal reflection reports and face-to-face interviews. A constant comparative method was used to interpret the data. Three interrelated themes emerged from the participants’ narratives. The first theme, instructor communication, exposes the advantages and disadvantages the participants perceived regarding communication while enrolled in the online APE graduate courses. The second theme, bulletin board discussion experiences, described participants’ perceptions of the use of the bulletin board discussion forum. Lastly, the final theme, assessment experiences,...
Online Portals: Gateway to Patient-Centered Radiology

OBJECTIVE. Online portals typically allow access to radiology reports, causing a shift in the communication. This article evaluates the studies available in the literature about patient portals and the use of patient portals in radiology. Patient and physician preferences and the impact on radiology reporting are presented. CONCLUSION. Patient portals provide an opportunity for radiologists to engage with their patients via a new method of communication. Radiologist collaboration with referring physicians is important in providing care in accordance with patient preferences.
Government Contracts and Firm Boundary in Political Activities

Prior research shows that political capital is critical in business-government relations to achieve desirable nonmarket strategy outcomes. Less attention has been paid to the fact that firms vary i...
A Case of cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma during treatment of multiple sclerosis with fingolimod

The authors report a case of a 69-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod for duration of over one year who subsequently developed cutaneous large B cell lymphoma. There are few reported cases of lymphoma associated with fingolimod treatment for multiple sclerosis, but rates are higher than expected in the general population. The authors hope to promote awareness of the potential risk of this medication so that more diligent disease surveillance can be performed by both prescribing practitioners of fingolimod and their patients who receive it.
Challenges to ensuring human safety throughout the life-cycle of Smart Environments

The homes, offices, and vehicles of tomorrow will be embedded with numerous "Smart Things," networked with each other and with the Internet. Many of these Things are embedded in the physical infrastructure, and like the infrastructure they are designed to last for decades -- far longer than is normal with today's electronic devices. What happens then, when an occupant moves out or transfers ownership of her Smart Environment? This paper outlines the critical challenges required for the safe long-term operation of Smart Environments. How does an occupant identify and decommission all the Things in an environment before she moves out? How does a new occupant discover, identify, validate, and configure all the Things in the environment he adopts? When a person moves from smart home to smart office to smart hotel, how is a new environment vetted for safety and security, how are personal settings migrated, and how are they securely deleted on departure? When the original vendor of a Thing (or the service behind it) disappears, how can that Thing (and its data, and its configuration) be transferred to a new service provider? What interface can enable lay people to manage these complex challenges, and be assured of their privacy, security, and safety? We present a list of key research questions to address these important challenges.
Completion Rate and Safety of Tuberculosis Infection Treatment With Shorter Regimens.

BACKGROUND: The traditional treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection (9 months of daily isoniazid [9H]) is safe but completion rates of METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study (2014–2017) of children (0–18 years old) seen at a children’s TB clinic in a low-incidence nation. We compared the frequency of completion and adverse events (AEs) in children receiving 3HP, 4R, and 9H; the latter 2 regimens could be administered by families (termed self-administered therapy [SAT]) or as directly observed preventive therapy (DOPT); 3HP was always administered under DOPT. RESULTS: TB infection treatment was started in 667 children: 283 (42.4%) 3HP, 252 (37.8%) 9H, and 132 (19.8%) 4R. Only 52% of children receiving 9H via SAT completed therapy. Children receiving 3HP were more likely to complete therapy than the 9H (SAT) group (odds ratio [OR] 27.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.8–63.7). Multivariate analyses found receipt of medication under DOPT (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 3.47–9.43), increasing age (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17), and the absence of any AE (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.26–0.60) to be associated with completing therapy. AEs were more common in the 9H group (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.48–4.32). Two (0.9%) children receiving 9H developed hepatotoxicity; no child receiving 3HP or 4R developed hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Shorter regimens are associated with increased completion rates and fewer AEs than 9H.
Quantifying the relationship between water depth and carbonate facies

Abstract Carbonate facies often are used to define meter-scale parasequence (or cyclic) structure in ancient sedimentary basins. These parasequences constitute the fundamental stratigraphic unit in many studies of ancient climate and life on Earth. Of interest is the uncertainty associated with the assumptions that underpin the parasequence definition and interpretation. This work presents a method that uses modern maps of bathymetry and the geographic distribution of facies atop the Great Bahama Bank to extract a signal of water depth change from facies transitions in vertically stacked carbonate strata. This probabilistic approach incorporates the observed complexity in the water depth distribution of immediately adjacent modern carbonate environments, and results in an impartial and explicit interpretation of stratigraphic data with quantified uncertainties. Specifically, this analytical tool can distinguish sequences of facies that are likely to record information about changing water depths from sequences of facies that do not. Additionally, the quantitative signal extracted from sequences of discrete, or qualitative data, can be used for the correlation of stratigraphic sequences. By quantifying geologic observations through a lens of modern data, the reproducibility and accuracy of sedimentary interpretations can be improved to build a more authentic picture of Earth history.
The past and future of novel, non-dopamine-2 receptor therapeutics for schizophrenia: A critical and comprehensive review

Since the discovery of chlorpromazine in the 1950's, antipsychotic drugs have been the cornerstone of treatment of schizophrenia, and all attenuate dopamine transmission at the dopamine-2 receptor. Drug development for schizophrenia since that time has led to improvements in side effects and tolerability, and limited improvements in efficacy, with the exception of clozapine. However, the reasons for clozapine's greater efficacy remain unclear, despite the great efforts and resources invested therewith. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to determine the fate of previously tested, non-dopamine-2 receptor experimental treatments. Overall we included 250 studies in the review from the period 1970 to 2017 including treatments with glutamatergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, neuropeptidergic, hormone-based, dopaminergic, metabolic, vitamin/naturopathic, histaminergic, infection/inflammation-based, and miscellaneous mechanisms. Despite there being several promising targets, such as allosteric modulation of the NMDA and α7 nicotinic receptors, we cannot confidently state that any of the mechanistically novel experimental treatments covered in this review are definitely effective for the treatment of schizophrenia and ready for clinical use. We discuss potential reasons for the relative lack of progress in developing non-dopamine-2 receptor treatments for schizophrenia and provide recommendations for future efforts pursuing novel drug development for schizophrenia.
Continuing Medical Education/Maintenance of Certification

Tracking your continuing medical education and maintenance of certification credits is important and understanding how to do this, especially at the beginning of your career, is crucial. Documentation is key and these habits are best formed early in your practice.
Pre- and perinatal factors and incidence of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between pre- or perinatal factors and breast cancer risk among African American women. Participants in the Black Women’s Health Study, a prospective cohort of 59,000 African American women, reported birth weight, preterm birth, twin or triplet status, maternal age at birth, birth order, and having been breastfed during infancy at various times during follow-up from 1997 to 2015. Numbers of incident cases ranged from 312 for breastfed analyses to 1,583 for twin or triplet analyses. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between each factor and breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Compared to birth weights of 5 lbs. 8 oz.–8 lbs. 13 oz., low ( 8 lbs. 13 oz.) birth weights were associated with increased breast cancer risk; HRs (95% CI) were 1.19 (0.98–1.44) and 1.26 (0.97–1.63), respectively. Associations were similar by ER status. Having been born to a mother aged ≥ 35 years versus < 20 years was associated with risk of ER+ (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.10–2.29), but not ER− breast cancer. Other perinatal factors were not associated with breast cancer. African American women with a low or high birth weight or born to older mothers may have increased breast cancer risk. Trends towards delayed child birth and higher birth weights, coupled with disproportionately high rates of low birth weight among African Americans, may contribute to increases in breast cancer incidence.
Monocyte infiltration rather than microglia proliferation dominates the early immune response to rapid photoreceptor degeneration.

Activation of resident microglia accompanies every known form of neurodegeneration, but the involvement of peripheral monocytes that extravasate and rapidly transform into microglia-like macrophages within the central nervous system during degeneration is far less clear. Using a combination of in vivo ocular imaging, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated the response of infiltrating cells in a light-inducible mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. Within 24 h, resident microglia became activated and began migrating to the site of degeneration. Retinal expression of CCL2 increased just prior to a transient period of CCR2+ cell extravasation from the retinal vasculature. Proliferation of microglia and monocytes occurred concurrently; however, there was no indication of proliferation in either population until 72–96 h after neurodegeneration began. Eliminating CCL2-CCR2 signaling blocked monocyte recruitment, but did not alter the extent of retinal degeneration. These results demonstrate that the immune response to photoreceptor degeneration includes both resident microglia and monocytes, even at very early times. Surprisingly, preventing monocyte infiltration did not block neurodegeneration, suggesting that in this model, degeneration is limited by cell clearance from other phagocytes or by the timing of intrinsic cell death programs. These results show monocyte involvement is not limited to disease states that overwhelm or deplete the resident microglial population and that interventions focused on modulating the peripheral immune system are not universally beneficial for staving off degeneration.
An Elevated TRV Is Associated with Venous Thromboembolism in Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract Abstract 3222 Objective: An elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) by echocardiography, used to screen for pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD), likely has a multi-factorial etiology. SCD is a hyper-coagulable state, yet, the contribution of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) to an elevated TRV is unknown. Based on the known association between VTE and PH, we hypothesized that SCD patients with an elevated TRV will have an increased prevalence of VTE. Methods: We reviewed data collected prospectively as part of the PH in SCD study conducted at Boston University/Boston Medical Center from 2004–2010. Subjects were included if they underwent both echocardiography and testing for VTE. An elevated TRV was defined as > 2.5 m/sec or the presence of PH on right heart catheterization. A history of VTE was defined by a positive CT/angiogram, ventilation/perfusion scan or Duplex ultrasound of an extremity (not catheter-related). Data were analyzed using a Chi-Square test and an odds ratio for VTE was calculated. Results: We reviewed the records of 162 patients enrolled in the PH of SCD study; 97 underwent both echocardiography and an evaluation for VTE.5/53 patients (9.4%) with normal echocardiography had a history of VTE, compared with 13/44 (29.5%) in the elevated TRV group. SCD patients with an elevated TRV were four times more likely to have a history of VTE compared to those with a normal echocardiogram (OR: 4.03, 95% CI 1.31–12.41, p=0.011). There was no significant difference in age, gender, history of asthma, hemoglobin genotype, hematologic profiles or renal function between patient groups. Conclusion: An elevated TRV and PH are associated with a history of VTE in SCD patients. This suggests a role for thrombosis in disease modulation and underscores the need for a complete evaluation for VTE in SCD patients with an elevated TRV. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological surgery

The COVID-19 global pandemic is changing the practice of oncologic surgery. Accustomed to fighting cancer with all available means, surgeons are now being asked to delay treatment or make use of alternate strategies to conserve resources. Telemedicine is being widely employed. We present our thoughts on this topic and where we might be in the next several months.
Silva: Interactively Assessing Machine Learning Fairness Using Causality

Machine learning models risk encoding unfairness on the part of their developers or data sources. However, assessing fairness is challenging as analysts might misidentify sources of bias, fail to notice them, or misapply metrics. In this paper we introduce Silva, a system for exploring potential sources of unfairness in datasets or machine learning models interactively. Silva directs user attention to relationships between attributes through a global causal view, provides interactive recommendations, presents intermediate results, and visualizes metrics. We describe the implementation of Silva, identify salient design and technical challenges, and provide an evaluation of the tool in comparison to an existing fairness optimization tool.
Sol-Gel-Derived Bioactive and Antibacterial Multi-Component Thin Films by the Spin-Coating Technique.

Although metallic alloys commonly used as prosthetics are durable and mechanically strong, they are often bioinert and lack antibacterial properties. Implementing a bioactive glass material with antibacterial properties as a coating on a metallic substrate provides mechanical strength and bioactivity, as well as antibacterial properties. Many coating methods have been extensively investigated; however, most of them can be expensive, are difficult to scale up, or do not form thin films, which could prevent their translation to clinical practice. The formation of thin films by spin-coating multi-component solution-gelation (sol-gel)-derived glass with antibacterial and bioactive properties has not been achieved previously. For this study, stainless steel 316L substrates were spin-coated with a sol-gel-derived bioactive and antibacterial glass coating in SiO2 58.3-P2O5 7.1-CaO 25.6-Al2O5 5.4-Ag2O 2.1-Na2O 1.5 wt% system (Ag-BG). A sol-gel processing condition that avoids elemental separation upon spin-coating when sintering happens at below the calcination temperature (500 °C) has been developed. This work demonstrates that silver reduction occurs when the concentrations of other cations such as Ca2+ and Na+ in the solution increase. Increasing the stirring duration time prior to the increase of cations, Ag+ ions are stabilized by aluminum tetrahedra, and their reduction to metallic silver does not occur. This study also shows that large dilution ratios (water:tetraethyl orthosilicate) greater than 25:1, accompanied by long stirring durations, produce morphologically homogeneous coatings. Using this strategy, thin films were formed with antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm and biological responses that promote eukaryotic cell adhesion and proliferation. In total, the improved synthesis strategy opens new avenues for the development of novel bioactive and antibacterial thin-film coatings, as it reveals the processing characteristics that control the physicochemical and morphological properties of the formed films.
Filament-Free Bulk Resistive Memory Enables Deterministic Analogue Switching.

Digital computing is nearing its physical limits as computing needs and energy consumption rapidly increase. Analogue-memory-based neuromorphic computing can be orders of magnitude more energy efficient at data-intensive tasks like deep neural networks, but has been limited by the inaccurate and unpredictable switching of analogue resistive memory. Filamentary resistive random access memory (RRAM) suffers from stochastic switching due to the random kinetic motion of discrete defects in the nanometer-sized filament. In this work, this stochasticity is overcome by incorporating a solid electrolyte interlayer, in this case, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), toward eliminating filaments. Filament-free, bulk-RRAM cells instead store analogue states using the bulk point defect concentration, yielding predictable switching because the statistical ensemble behavior of oxygen vacancy defects is deterministic even when individual defects are stochastic. Both experiments and modeling show bulk-RRAM devices using TiO2-X switching layers and YSZ electrolytes yield deterministic and linear analogue switching for efficient inference and training. Bulk-RRAM solves many outstanding issues with memristor unpredictability that have inhibited commercialization, and can, therefore, enable unprecedented new applications for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. Beyond RRAM, this work shows how harnessing bulk point defects in ionic materials can be used to engineer deterministic nanoelectronic materials and devices.
Evolutionary Design of Cooperative Predation Strategies

In this paper a scenario is considered in which a group of predators cooperate to maximize the number of prey captures over a finite time horizon on a two-dimensional plane. The emphasis is on developing predator strategies, and thus the behavior of the prey agents is fixed to a Boids-like flocking model which incorporates avoidance of nearby predators. At each time instant, the predators have control authority over their heading angle; however, we restrict the headings to be governed by one of five different pre-specified behaviors. No communication occurs between the predator agents – each agent determines its own control without knowledge of what the other predators will implement; thus, the predator strategies are fully decentralized. The full state space of the system is collapsed to a set of features which is independent of the number of prey. An evolutionary algorithm is used to evolve an anchor point controller wherein the anchor point lies in the feature space and has a particular predator behavior associated, thus providing a candidate solution to the question of "what to do when". The two predator case is the focus in this work, although the ideas could be applied to larger groups of predators. The strategies resulting from the evolutionary algorithm favor aiming at the nearest prey mostly, and also avoiding having the predators getting too close and then pursuing the same prey. Thus useless behaviors are generally not present among the elite at the end of the evolutionary process.
Leveraging Parent Pain Perspectives to Improve Pain Practices for Children with Medical Complexity.

Abstract Purpose Children with medical complexity (MC) must rely on others to notice and address pain. Parents are aware of child pain behaviors and can serve as reliable proxy reporters. Thus, there is a critical need to understand parent perspectives to improve pain practices. Design Individual interviews were used as a data collection method in this qualitative study. Methods Participants were recruited via mail and social media postings. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed documents were imported to NVIVO for qualitative analysis. Conventional and directed approaches to qualitative content analysis were used. Results From the data analysis, major themes included: pain experiences, confidence in caregivers, parents are partners, proactive communication, and a spontaneous theme, “they can hear us.” Emotional pain and challenges identifying the source pain were identified as sub-themes of pain experiences. Conclusions Parents in this study shared methods helpful to identifying pain in their children, as well as suggestions for discussing pain with caregivers. Priorities for future research include identifying methods for sharing pain information that are thorough, but do not burden parents or providers. Researchers should also determine how parents and caregivers can partner to identify and address pain in children with MC. Going forward, conversations about pain should be a key part of any admission assessment or first encounter. As pain episodes among children with MC can be complex and may not always be re-created in front of a provider, nurses may advise parents to take photos or videos to share with caregivers.
COVID-19 Pandemic – A Testing Time for Tourism and Hospitality in Thailand

The COVID-19 pandemic has recently led to a global alarm due to its fatal nature from the spread of the coronavirus. Thailand is currently aware of this unprecedented time and the Thai cabinet has imposed a state of emergency to prevent the spread of this virus. The tourism and hospitality sectors have been devastated by the coronavirus. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims to examine the impact on tourism and hospitality including airline and hotel sectors. The study used adopt secondary data from various sources both academic and practitioner as critical discourse analysis for textual analysis and synthesis. Data were obtained from fifty articles discussed in this paper. The paper indicates the impact of the pandemic on tourism, airline and hotel sectors. Moreover, results are also highlighted negative impact on Thailand tourism and hospitality industry from the crisis by proven the decreased number of international tourist arrival. The implementation of social protection, and government aid policy to support people affected by the pandemic is also are presented in the result of this study. In conclusion and implication, this research/paper will further help the industries to take initiative strategies and best policies to be implemented in the future to combat the disease. Future research is also recommended in this study.
Impact of COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders on Health Behaviors and Anxiety in Black and White Americans.

In the United States (US), the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths are higher in Black compared to White residents. Systemic inequities and differences in health behaviors may contribute to disparities in COVID-19 health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on changes in health behaviors and anxiety in Black and White adults residing in the US. Beginning April 2020, the Pennington Biomedical Research Center COVID-19 Health Behaviors Study collected information on changes to employment, income, diet, physical activity, anxiety, and sleep patterns through a global online survey. Of 4542 survey respondents in the US, 7% identified as Black and 93% as White. Prior to the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, a greater proportion of Blacks compared to Whites reported earning < US$50,000 per year (p < 0.0001). A greater proportion of Blacks reported being laid off, working fewer hours, and working from home following COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (p < 0.0001 for all). In the overall sample, eating behaviors improved, physical activity decreased, sleep time prolonged, and anxiety heightened following COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (p < 0.01 for all), which were universal between Black and White respondents (p ≥ 0.315 for all). This study highlights the disproportionate changes to employment and income in Blacks, with no differential impact on health behaviors and anxiety compared to Whites due to COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, disproportionate changes to employment and income status may widen among Blacks and Whites, which may influence health behaviors and anxiety.
What do Young People Think About HPV and HPV Vaccination? The Role of Health Education Interventions and Health Professionals.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and its highest prevalence is observed in adolescents and young adults. This review examined studies that explore awareness about HPV among adolescents and young adults, as well as their attitudes and willingness towards the HPV vaccine. Besides, the impact of health professionals and health education interventions on HPV awareness and attitudes towards HPV vaccine is identified. Objective The aim of this review is, firstly, to systematically identify the studies that explore awareness about HPV among adolescents and young adults, as well as their attitudes and willingness towards the HPV vaccine. Secondly, the aim is to identify the impact of health professionals and health education interventions on HPV awareness and attitudes towards HPV vaccine among the same group. Methods The systematic review was conducted in the international databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, between 2016-2019. Results The review revealed low to moderate levels of awareness and knowledge regarding HPV (10 studies), while a more favorable attitude towards the HPV vaccine (3 studies). The role of health professionals was ineffective (4 studies), while studies focused on the impact of health education interventions showed a positive impact on knowledge and awareness of HPV (4 studies). Conclusion Continuous training of health personnel is necessary and new studies are needed to identify barriers to adolescents not being vaccinated.
Systems Biomechanics of the Cell

This book attempts to outline systems biomechanics of the cell as an emergent and promising discipline. The new field owes conceptually to cell mechanics, organism-level systems biomechanics, and biology of biochemical systems. Its distinct methodology is to elucidate the structure and behavior of the cell by analyzing the unintuitive collective effects of elementary physical forces that interact within the heritable cellular framework. The problematics amenable to this approach includes the variety of cellular activities that involve the form and movement of the cell body and boundary (nucleus, centrosome, microtubules, cortex, and membrane). Among the elementary system effects in the biomechanics of the cell, instability of symmetry, emergent irreversibility, and multiperiodic dissipative motion can be noted. Research results from recent journal articles are placed in this unifying framework. It is suggested that the emergent discipline has the potential to expand the spectrum of questions asked about the cell, and to further clarify the physical nature of animate matter and motion.
Method for Evaluating QoS Trustworthiness in the Service Composition

QoS driven service selection as an important way to satisfy user's constraint on quality and maintain the runtime performance of services, has received much attention. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the QoS trustworthiness which reflects the possibility that the service can perform as its estimated QoS. Besides this, trustworthiness QoS driven service selection is also proposed. The experiments shows the proposed approach can reflect the dependent relation between estimated QoS and the environmental context effectively, and can insure the accuracy of trustworthiness evaluation. Meantime, the proposed service selection approach can improve the actual runtime performance of the selected service.
Effects of social responsibility labelling and brand on willingness to pay for apparel

This study examined changes in consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for apparel products as labour-related information and brand were added. Tobit analysis of auction bids from 121 university students for t-shirts showed men, Hispanics and consumers who believe in social responsibility and fair trade had significantly higher WTP once labour-related labelling was added. The amount and complexity of information did not matter, leaving substantial leeway to companies in crafting their message. Adding brand significantly increased WTP for two better-known brands while not changing WTP for the social responsibility messages. Results suggested brands can benefit from stressing social responsibility-related attributes of products.
Conditional Gene Expression and Targeting in Neuroscience Research

Recently developed techniques for spatially and temporally controlled genetic manipulations based on regulated homologous recombination and/or transcription are extensively used in brain research. In addition to being important for testing the role of specific proteins in the central nervous system, these techniques allow analysis of brain functions at the neuronal circuit level. This overview discusses principles of conditional inactivation and expression of genes, and their specific applications to studies of the mammalian brain. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 44:4.31.1-4.31.10. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: brain; conditional mutagenesis; Cre-loxP; tetracycline transactivator
Automating security mediation placement

We present a framework that automatically produces suggestions to resolve type errors in security-typed programs, enabling legacy code to be retrofit with comprehensive security policy mediation. Resolving such type errors requires selecting a placement of mediation statements that implement runtime security decisions, such as declassifiers and authorization checks. Manually placing mediation statements in legacy code can be difficult, as there may be several, interacting type errors. In this paper, we solve this problem by constructing a graph that has the property that a vertex cut is equivalent to the points at which mediation statements can be inserted to allow the program to satisfy the type system. We build a framework that produces suggestions that are minimum cuts of this graph, and the framework can be customized to find suggestions that satisfy programmer requirements. Our framework implementation for Java programs computes suggestions for 20,000 line programs in less than 100 seconds, reduces the number of locations a programmer must consider by 90%, and selects suggestions similar to those proposed by expert programmers 80% of the time.
A very high speed noiseless data compression chip for space imaging applications

Summary form only given. The same logic design was implemented with a CMOS process in two ASIC technologies, gate array and standard cell. The noiseless compression algorithm and chip implementations were specific to the requirements of the Earth Observing System High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (HIRIS) instrument. >
A Nonmechanical, Membrane-Based Liquid Pressurization System

Nonmechanical pumping of liquids is of key importance for applications ranging from biomedical lab-on-a-chip systems to morphing mechanical structures. In this paper, we report a new, reversible micropumping and pressurization system, with no moving parts, that uses only modest external power. This new “e-pump” operates via a type of electro-osmosis (EO) in which a charge imbalance is created electrochemically across a cation-selective membrane, cations migrate to balance the charge, and solvent is transported across the membrane, along with the mobile cation. No gas is produced in this electrokinetic pumping system, so only liquids are involved in pumping and pressurization. In this proof-of-concept study, an aprotic solvent (dimethylformamide) was chosen to select the specific cation that is migrating (tetrapropylammonium ion). To date, pressures up to 23 atm have been successfully demonstrated.
“No Glove, No Love”: Cultural Beliefs of African-American Women regarding Influencing Strategies for Condom Use

Interviews were conducted with 22 young African-American women at risk of HIV/STDs and unintended pregnancy and their male partners regarding the strategies that they would use to get their partners to use condoms. Content analysis indicated that participants would use verbal (unilateral and bilateral) and non-verbal strategies to get their partners to use condoms. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with an additional 40 women to explore and identify cultural beliefs regarding women's influencing strategies for condom use. Cultural consensus analysis was performed and results indicated that the participants comprise a cultural group with shared beliefs about influencing strategies for condom use. Participants believed that to get their partners to use condoms women: 1) use strong, direct strategies such as threatening to withhold sex; 2) actively participate in condom use by making condoms available and initiating their use; and 3) use interactive strategies such as offering reasons for condom use.
Effect of microstructure on rolling/sliding wear of low carbon bainitic steels

The microstructures of five molybdenum-boron, low carbon, bainitic steels were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and the wear behavior of the steels determined under severe rolling/sliding contact. Wear resistance was enhanced by the presence of carbide-free bainite. The degree to which the microstructure contained this form of bainite was increased by higher carbon content and cooling rate. A 0.18% C, 1.13% Si steel in the as-quenched condition exhibited wear behavior as good as a 0.8% C, head-hardened, pearlitic rail steel.
Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus

Abstract Concentrations of amino acids and their corresponding d l enantiomeric ratios have been measured in shells of the bivalve mollusk Saxidomus from eleven localities, ranging in age from modern to probably more than 500,000 yr, along the Pacific coast of North America. Natural logarithms of amino acid concentrations correlate well with d l ratios, and the relationship provides a possible guide to the selection of fossils for use in amino acid dating. The relative order of the extents of racemization of amino acids at any given time appears to change with increasing sample age. Application of the amino acid dating method to shells from Whidbey Island, Washington, yields an age of about 80,000 yr, in contrast to the previously determined radiocarbon age of 36,000 yr which was measured on some shell carbonate and considered a minimum age. The amino acid age is compatible with the geologic record in the area.
Cure, morbidity, and mortality associated with embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations: a review of 1246 patients in 32 series over a 35-year period.

ABSTRACTPUBLISHED REPORTS OF cure, morbidity, and mortality associated with the embolization of 1246 brain arteriovenous malformations during the last 35 years were reviewed. Embolization resulted in cure in 5% of arteriovenous malformations. The cure rates of embolization were 4% in reports of 708
Shear-induced particle diffusion and longitudinal velocity fluctuations in a granular-flow mixing layer

In flows of granular material, collisions between individual particles result in the movement of particles in directions transverse to the bulk motion. If the particles were distinguishable, a macroscopic overview of the transverse motions of the particles would resemble a self-diffusion of molecules as occurs in a gas. The present granular- flow study includes measurements of the self-diffusion process, and of the corresponding profiles of the average velocity and of the streamwise component of the fluctuating velocity. The experimental facility consists of a vertical channel fed by an entrance hopper that is divided by a splitter plate. Using differently-coloured but otherwise identical glass spheres to visualize the diffusion process, the flow resembles a classic mixing-layer experiment. Unlike molecular motions, the local particle movements result from shearing of the flow; hence, the diffusion experiments were performed for different shear rates by changing the sidewall conditions of the test section, and by varying the flow rate and the channel width. In addition, experiments were also conducted using different sizes of glass beads to examine the scaling of the diffusion process. A simple analysis based on the diffusion equation shows that the thickness of the mixing layer increases with the square-root of downstream distance and depends on the magnitude of the velocity fluctuations relative to the mean velocity. The results are also consistent with other studies that suggest that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to the particle diameter and the square-root of the granular temperature.
Separating Fact from Fiction: The Data Behind Allergies and Side Effects Caused by Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenem Antibiotics

Antibiotics developed over the past quarter century have greatly improved toxic to therapeutic ratios compared to older agents. This is due to both a wider spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity and less frequent side effects. In combination with once daily dosing and nearly complete bioavailability of some newer agents, the better risk to benefit ratios have led to empiric antibiotic use in many situations even when bacterial infections are not likely. Many newer antibiotics are not often considered toxic, although their side effects have been documented in medical literature, and several antibiotics that were considered very safe have been removed from the market or their use severely restricted within a relatively short time after their introduction. An understanding of the frequency and mechanism of unintended effects helps physicians minimize them, treat them quickly and effectively when they occur, and even avoid them. Drug interactions and potential adverse effects of beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, are presented.