cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living with Owning: Property, Community, and the Zanesville, Ohio Animal Release

In October, 2011, Terry Thompson committed suicide by gunshot after cutting open the cages of fifty-six exotic animals on his farm in Zanesville, Ohio. Fearing for public safety, law enforcement officers systematically hunted down the escaped animals in an episode that garnered international attention and prompted renewed discussion of the propriety of exotic animal ownership. This Article, which was delivered as the the 2016 Addison C. Harris Lecture at the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, retells and discusses the circumstances surrounding Terry Thompson’s unhinging, applying frameworks of legal theory, chiefly in the realm of property law, to assess the fabric that held Thompson’s delicate system together and the tensions that led to its unravelling. As if conducting an autopsy, we seek to articulate the systems that failed in both theoretical and specific terms. After a brief introduction to the law and policy of owning exotic animals, we offer a sequence of competing visions for property, stewardship, personhood, governance, empathy, and physical ordering or disordering as they apply to the ownership of exotic animals in Ohio. Though Thompson had acquired his menagerie through legal means, he resented oversight of government authorities, generating friction that reverberated across the lines of tension named above. The Article concludes with discussion of the need — contra Terry Thompson — to surrender control in ownership relations, community life, and, ultimately, the modern state.
Popular Feminism at Work: Redistribution and Recognition in the Marcha Mundial das Mulheres in Brazil

The World March of Women is a transnational socialist feminist coalition. Its exceptional Brazilian chapter has chosen to engage the state from without, through protest and movement-building activities, in part in response to the institutionalization of Brazilian women’s movements since the late 1990s. It has successfully organized women from the popular sectors and strengthened their collective voice, a process which is key to building a strong and truly inclusive counter-hegemonic force in terms of gender as well as class, an inclusive constituent power (race and sexual identity/gender expression, among others, need further attention). Integral to the March’s success is its collective identity which consistently weaves redistribution and recognition issues. Both matter considerably to women from the working and marginalized classes. This chapter explores the contextual factors and features of the March’s internal political culture that have facilitated this deepening of both redistribution and recognition claims.
The Sustained Impact of Model Organisms-In Genetics and Epigenetics

> Now that DNA sequencing can reveal disease-relevant mutations in humans, it is appropriate to consider the history of genetic research on model organisms, and whether model organisms will continue to play an important role. Our view is that genetic research in model organisms has had an
Temperature variability during targeted temperature management is not associated with neurological outcomes following cardiac arrest

Abstract Introduction Recent studies on comatose survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) have shown similar outcomes at multiple target temperatures. However, details regarding core temperature variability during TTM and its prognostic implications remain largely unknown. We sought to assess the association between core temperature variability and neurological outcomes in patients undergoing TTM following cardiac arrest. Methods We analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of 242 patients treated with TTM following cardiac arrest at a tertiary care hospital between 2007 and 2014. Core temperature variability was defined as the statistical variance (i.e. standard deviation squared) amongst all core temperature recordings during the maintenance phase of TTM. Poor neurological outcome at hospital discharge, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score > 2, was the primary outcome. Death prior to hospital discharge was assessed as the secondary outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between temperature variability and neurological outcome or death at hospital discharge. Results A poor neurological outcome was observed in 147 (61%) patients and 136 (56%) patients died prior to hospital discharge. In multivariable logistic regression, increased core temperature variability was not associated with increased odds of poor neurological outcomes (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.11–1.38, p = 0.142) or death (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.12–1.53, p = 0.193) at hospital discharge. Conclusion In this study, individual core temperature variability during TTM was not associated with poor neurological outcomes or death at hospital discharge.
Elimination of Nitrogen from the Body

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview on the elimination of nitrogen from the body. It presents a summary of the elimination of nitrogen from the body to introduce the concept of nitrogen balance. There is only a limited variability in the composition of the body fluids that will permit normal living; variations beyond these limits produce abnormalities, even irreparable damage to cells. The kidneys are the chief organs of the body operating to maintain a constant composition of the internal environment through the excretion of a water solution (urine), of a composition to help correct tendencies toward abnormal changes in the body fluids. Thus, the work of the kidneys involves the excretion of substances present in excessive quantities, of waste products, and of toxic substances. The chapter also presents a study of the composition of urine contributes much toward an understanding of the physiological state of the individual.
Characterizing Golden Eagle risk to lead and anticoagulant rodenticide exposure: A review

Contaminant exposure is among the many threats to Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) populations throughout North America, particularly lead poisoning and anticoagulant rodenticides (AR). These threats may act in concert with others (e.g., lead poisoning and trauma associated with striking objects) to exacerbate risk. Golden Eagles are skilled hunters but also exploit scavenging opportunities, making them particularly susceptible to contaminant exposure from ingesting tissues of poisoned or shot animals. Lead poisoning has long been recognized as an important source of mortality for Golden Eagles throughout North America. More recently, ARs have been associated with both sublethal and lethal effects in raptor species worldwide. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge for lead and AR exposure in Golden Eagles, drawing from the broader raptor contaminant ecology literature. We examine lead and AR sources within Golden Eagle habitats, exposure routes and toxicity, effects on individuals and populations, synergistic effects, and data and information needs. Continued research addressing data needs and information gaps will help with Golden Eagle conservation planning.
Procedural Messages and Small Group Work Climates: A Lag Sequential Analysis

(1981). Procedural Messages and Small Group Work Climates: A Lag Sequential Analysis. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 331-350.
Participation factor based CVR for enhanced voltage stability using integrated transmission and distributed system

Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) has been used to reduce active demand power and consumed energy for decades by distribution companies. However, with emerging integrated transmission and distribution analysis, control, and management methods, CVR can be applied as a solution for transmission related issues. In this paper, voltage stability oriented CVR using integrated transmission and distribution analysis has been proposed. Modal analysis based on reduced Jacobian matrix has been employed in order to allocate the voltage reduction share for distribution systems. An adequacy factor for allocation of voltage reduction for active and reactive power is proposed in order to quantify the effectiveness of CVR in terms of voltage stability. IEEE 30-bus for transmission and IEEE 13-bus system for distribution system have been utilized to generate integrated transmission and distribution system model. The results show that the proposed method is able to allocate the voltage reduction among distribution system effectively in order to improve the voltage stability of the system.
Intestinal exposure to PCB 153 induces inflammation via the ATM/NEMO pathway.

Abstract Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that adversely affect human health. PCBs bio-accumulate in organisms important for human consumption. PCBs accumulation in the body leads to activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, a major driver of inflammation. Despite dietary exposure being one of the main routes of exposure to PCBs, the gut has been widely ignored when studying the effects of PCBs. Objectives We investigated the effects of PCB 153 on the intestine and addressed whether PCB 153 affected intestinal permeability or inflammation and the mechanism by which this occurred. Methods Mice were orally exposed to PCB 153 and gut permeability was assessed. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were collected and evaluated for evidence of genotoxicity and inflammation. A human IEC line (SW480) was used to examine the direct effects of PCB 153 on epithelial function. NF-кB activation was measured using a reporter assay, DNA damage was assessed, and cytokine expression was ascertained with real-time PCR. Results Mice orally exposed to PCB 153 had an increase in intestinal permeability and inflammatory cytokine expression in their IECs; inhibition of NF-кB ameliorated both these effects. This inflammation was associated with genotoxic damage and NF-кB activation. Exposure of SW480 cells to PCB 153 led to similar effects as seen in vivo . We found that activation of the ATM/NEMO pathway by genotoxic stress was upstream of NF-kB activation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that oral exposure to PCB 153 is genotoxic to IECs and induces downstream inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the intestinal epithelium.
Latina/o School Administrators and the Intersectionality of Professional Identity and Race.

This study examines the intersectionality between professional identities and race/ethnicity among Latina/o school leaders. Stemming from a larger study at the National Latina/o Leadership Project,...
The Bariatric Patient with a Complex Ventral Hernia

Bariatric surgeons frequently encounter incisional or ventral hernias, and the management of these conditions remains controversial. This chapter will focus on available options to approach ventral hernias discovered preoperatively or incidentally at the time of bariatric surgery. New developments and experience with synthetic mesh may change the optimal approach to incisional hernias for these patients. Nonetheless, there is currently not enough definitive evidence to offer an unequivocal algorithm for the management of ventral hernia in bariatric surgical practice.
An Artificial Water-Oxidizing Co Electro-Catalyst: Structure and Mechanism by in Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

In situ X-ray absorption spectra (XANES and EXAFS) were obtained for a water-oxidizing Co electrocatalyst while operating at a potential that sustains water-oxidation and at open potential. Spectra were also collected at two different thicknesses of Co deposition, one which is extremely thin and almost a monolayer and the other which is thicker. In situ XANES spectra show that the Co valency is greater than 3+ for both samples during water oxidation at 1.25 V vs NHE. In situ EXAFS results indicate that a minimal bis-oxo/hydroxo-bridged Co multinuclear structure cluster, deposited at 1.1 V, grows into a higher nuclearity structure in the thicker films deposited at 1.25 V. On the basis of the growth pattern, and the structural parameters from both the thin and thick electrodes, we have proposed a structural model where the Co forms edge sharing CoO6 oxo/hydroxo octahedra. In the thin layer electrode, the Co cluster has molecular dimensions, that increases in nuclearity to grow into a larger structure in the thicker layer electrode, while maintaining the same basic structural motif.
Dancing to Connect: An Interdisciplinary Creative Arts Approach to Holocaust Education Within Liberatory Pedagogy

This chapter examines a collaboration that took place in the fall 2014 semester at Queensborough Community College, between courses in English literature, dance choreography, and English composition. It highlights the liberatory nature of our approach and chronicles the process. Students in Atik’s Introduction to Literature class read several poems and excerpts of Foucault to generate a working knowledge of concepts such as discrimination, surveillance, and hierarchies of power. They composed personal narratives exploring their own experiences as subjects of observation in a public sphere. Geismar’s choreography students transformed this writing into embodied narratives and shared them with their peers in a live performance. Miller’s English Composition students composed a digital essay exploring the collaboration and its implications.
Exploring LAG-3 Expression in Multiple Myeloma Patients Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is associated with T-cell dysfunction. MM-related T-cell deficiencies are reported as both quantitative and qualitative defects with variable functional abnormalities. The clinical significance of these T-cell abnormalities in MM is not fully characterized. Furthermore, the impact of Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) on T-cell subsets and immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1, PD-1, BLIMP-1, CTLA-4/CD28, TIM-3, and LAG-3, is being explored. Here we examined these features along with other mRNA markers of cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and exhaustion in MM patients pre- and post-ASCT. These studies aimed to improve understanding of the immunologic changes in MM and relationship to disease progression. Evaluating T-cell immune reconstitution post-transplant is invaluable for future therapies to identify targets or stimulate T-cell response to mitigate relapse. Methods: 100 MM patients were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study prior to ASCT for analysis of clinical and biologic factors related to clinical outcomes and event free survival (EFS) post-transplant. Paired peripheral blood T-cells (PBTL) were analyzed (n=31) before ASCT and 90 days post-ASCT. PBTL mRNA targets were anayzed using a custom Nanostring platform (OSU_Senescence) evaluating markers of cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and exhaustion. T-cell populations and subsets were further characterized by flow cytometry pre- and post-ASCT in 20 representative trial patients and 10 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum samples were analyzed for soluble ligands using Luminix MAGPIX multiplex analysis. Results: Increased PBTL LAG-3 mRNA expression at 90 days post-ASCT was significantly associated with EFS, HR 5.44 (95%CI 1.92-15.46, p=0.001, adjusted p* controlling for false discovery rate=0.038). When adjusted for age, a similar relationship of increased PBTL LAG-3 mRNA expression and EFS was found, HR 5.66 (95%CI 1.83-17.47, p=0.003, p*=0.056). No relationship was observed between other mRNA markers of immunosenesence or exhaustion and EFS. Flow cytometric analysis of post-transplant PBTLs revealed an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, reduced CD28 expression on CD8+ T-cells, and increased levels of CD4+ T-regulatory cells. LAG-3 expression was significantly increased in CD4+ T-cells post-ASCT, predominately in the CD4 naive and central memory subsets. Soluble LAG-3 (sLAG3) serum concentrations were similar pre- and post-ASCT, and in comparison to controls. Conclusions: We found increased expression of Lymphocyte-Activation Gene, LAG-3 (CD223), on CD4+T-cells post-ASCT. PBTL LAG-3 mRNA expression 90 days post-ASCT was associated with EFS and may serve as an early indicator of adverse outcomes. LAG-3 is expressed on activated T-cells and modulates T-cell expansion and function. Future studies targeting the LAG-3 pathway are warranted to restore T-cell dysfunction and augment immunity in MM. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Emergence of transnational awareness among children in immigrant families

In the past, physical barriers such as geography and distance limited global communication. In this paper, we explore how young children in immigrant families engage in transnational literacy pract...
Human-induced pluripotent stems cells as a model to dissect the selective neurotoxicity of methylmercury

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxicant affecting both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) with apparent indiscriminate disruption of multiple homeostatic pathways. However, genetic and environmental modifiers contribute significant variability to neurotoxicity associated with human exposures. MeHg displays developmental stage and neural lineage selective neurotoxicity. To identify mechanistic-based neuroprotective strategies to mitigate human MeHg exposure risk, it will be critical to improve our understanding of the basis of MeHg neurotoxicity and of this selective neurotoxicity. Here, we propose that human-based pluripotent stem cell cellular approaches may enable mechanistic insight into genetic pathways that modify sensitivity of specific neural lineages to MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Such studies are crucial for the development of novel disease modifying strategies impinging on MeHg exposure vulnerability.
Water in hybrid perovskites: Bulk MAPbI3 degradation via super-hydrous state

Here, first-principles density functional theory calculations are presented which reveal how water incorporation in hybrid halide perovskite [CH3NH3]PbI3 (MAPbI3) catalyzes the phase transition to the ([CH3NH3]PbI3.H2O edge-sharing) monohydrate (colorless) phase, eliminating its favorable photovoltaic properties. First, fundamental chemical and electrostatic interactions between water and each component of MAPbI3 are analyzed, demonstrating their dependence on water concentration. Second, the energetics of incorporated water is explored, leading to the discovery of spontaneous phase segregation into dry regions and regions with more than one water per formula unit—termed the “super-hydrous state.” Third, the properties of the super-hydrous state are analyzed, including the acceleration of octahedron breaking and rearrangement by the high water density. This reveals the phase transformation to be a bulk process, initiated at the super-hydrous regions. This paper concludes with a discussion of how this super-hydrous model explains disparate recent experimental observations concerning the water-induced transition from (black) perovskite to edge-sharing PbI2 (yellow) phase.
Association of Machine Learning-Derived Phenogroupings of Echocardiographic Variables with Heart Failure in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Soul Study

Background Many individual echocardiographic variables have been associated with heart failure (HF) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), but their combined utility for prediction has not been well studied. Methods Unsupervised model-based cluster analysis was performed by researchers blinded to the study outcome in 1,000 patients with stable CAD on 15 transthoracic echocardiographic variables. We evaluated associations of cluster membership with HF hospitalization using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results The echo-derived clusters partitioned subjects into four phenogroupings: phenogroup 1 (n = 85) had the highest levels, phenogroups 2 (n = 314) and 3 (n = 205) displayed intermediate levels, and phenogroup 4 (n = 396) had the lowest levels of cardiopulmonary structural and functional abnormalities. Over 7.1 ± 3.2 years of follow-up, there were 198 HF hospitalizations. After multivariable adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, phenogroup 1 was associated with a nearly fivefold increased risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.8; 95% CI, 2.4-9.5), phenogroup 2 was associated with a nearly threefold increased risk (HR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.0), and phenogroup 3 was associated with a nearly twofold increased risk (HR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.8) of HF hospitalization, relative to phenogroup 4. Conclusions Transthoracic echocardiographic variables can be used to classify stable CAD patients into separate phenogroupings that differentiate cardiopulmonary structural and functional abnormalities and can predict HF hospitalization, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Modeling the vibrational couplings of nucleobases

Vibrational spectroscopy, in particular infrared spectroscopy, has been widely used to probe the three-dimensional structures and conformational dynamics of nucleic acids. As commonly used chromophores, the C=O and C=C stretch modes in the nucleobases exhibit distinct spectral features for different base pairing and stacking configurations. To elucidate the origin of their structural sensitivity, in this work, we develop transition charge coupling (TCC) models that allow one to efficiently calculate the interactions or couplings between the C=O and C=C chromophores based on the geometric arrangements of the nucleobases. To evaluate their performances, we apply the TCC models to DNA and RNA oligonucleotides with a variety of secondary and tertiary structures and demonstrate that the predicted couplings are in quantitative agreement with the reference values. We further elucidate how the interactions between the paired and stacked bases give rise to characteristic IR absorption peaks and show that the TCC models provide more reliable predictions of the coupling constants as compared to the transition dipole coupling scheme. The TCC models, together with our recently developed through-bond coupling constants and vibrational frequency maps, provide an effective theoretical strategy to model the vibrational Hamiltonian, and hence the vibrational spectra of nucleic acids in the base carbonyl stretch region directly from atomistic molecular simulations.
Surgical interventions to improve fertility potential in obese men and women

Abstract Surgical treatment of obesity is one of the most effective and durable methods of achieving weight loss. With obesity rising in prevalence and a greater proportion of the reproductive population qualifying for these procedures, weight loss surgeries should be considered when optimizing a couple’s fertile potential. Obesity carries a negative impact on fertility in both the male and female partner; however, how exactly this impact can be best mitigated remains an active area of research. Weight loss procedures theoretically should offer a relatively prompt way to address obesity, allowing for return of regular ovulation and normalization of the hormonal milieu required for successful conception. While small studies suggest the promise of bariatric surgery in positively augmenting fertility potential, to date, high-level clinical data are lacking that definitively links bariatric surgery to improved reproductive outcomes.
Influence of mechanical layering and natural fractures on undercutting and rapid headward erosion (recession) at Canyon Lake spillway, Texas, U.S.A

Abstract This study investigates the role of mechanical layering and fractures on flood-related erosional undercutting and resulting rapid spillway recession. In the summer of 2002, 86 cm of rain fell in an 8-day period across the Guadalupe River drainage basin in central Texas, causing Canyon Lake reservoir to completely fill and overtop the emergency spillway for the first time. The resulting flood incised a gorge into the mechanically layered Glen Rose Formation and caused headward erosion (recession) at the downstream edge of the emergency spillway. Comparison of pre- and post-flood imagery and assessment of flood records indicates that maximum recession localized at the northern end of the emergency spillway where 28 m recession occurred. This recession occurred at an estimated rate of up to 10 m/day during the first ~3 days of the flood, which is among the highest rates of recorded bedrock recession. Analysis of historical photographs, field observations and measurement of erosional undercutting, along with measurements of fracture orientation, fracture spacing, and mechanical rebound are used to understand rock mass characteristics that influenced erosional undercutting and rapid recession of the spillway. Evidence of significant undercutting was observed where incompetent argillaceous wackestone (marl) underlies competent limestone. These results reveal that the greatest amount and rate of recession of the spillway was associated with undercutting and toppling collapse of fracture-bounded limestone blocks. Block size may be a factor in continuation of the process, in that large blocks may accumulate at the base of the scarp and inhibit continued erosional undercutting, whereas in other areas smaller eroded blocks can be carried away by the floodwaters and undercutting may continue, facilitating recession. The combination of mechanical contrast between layers and natural fractures in competent layers together contributed to exceptionally high rates of headward erosion. Observed rock mass erodibility behavior was in the range of medium to high erodibility in limestone with widely spaced fractures that would normally be expected to have very low erodibility. Bulk rock mass erodibility in this situation was similar to the most erodibile layer, specifically, the marl at base of spillway pour-off cliff.
Reading Performance in Blue Cone Monochromacy: Defining an Outcome Measure for a Clinical Trial.

Purpose Blue cone monochromacy (BCM), a congenital X-linked retinal disease caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster, is under consideration for intravitreal gene therapy. Difficulties with near vision tasks experienced by these patients prompted this study of reading performance as a potential outcome measure for a future clinical trial. Methods Clinically and molecularly diagnosed patients with BCM (n = 17; ages 15-63 years) and subjects with normal vision (n = 22; ages 18-72 years) were examined with the MNREAD acuity chart for both uniocular and binocular conditions. Parameters derived from the measurements in patients were compared with normal data and also within the group of patients. Intersession, interocular and between-subject variabilities were determined. The frequent complaint of light sensitivity in BCM was examined by comparing results from black text on a white background (regular polarity) versus white on black (reverse polarity) conditions. Results MNREAD curves of print size versus reading speed were right-shifted compared with normal in all patients with BCM. All parameters in patients with BCM indicated abnormal reading performance. Intersession variability was slightly higher in BCM than in normal, but comparable with results previously reported for other patients with maculopathies. There was a high degree of disease symmetry in reading performance in this BCM cohort. Reverse polarity showed better reading parameters than regular polarity in 82% of the patients. Conclusions MNREAD measures of reading performance in patients with BCM would be a worthy and robust secondary outcome in a clinical trial protocol, given its dual purpose of quantifying macular vision and addressing an important quality of life issue. Translational Relevance Assessment of an outcome for a clinical trial.
Adapting Conservation Easements to Climate Change

Perpetual conservation easements (CEs) are popular for restricting development and land use, but their fixed terms create challenges for adaptation to climate change. The increasing pace of environmental and social change demands adaptive conservation instruments. To examine the adaptive potential of CEs, we surveyed 269 CEs and interviewed 73 conservation organization employees. Although only 2% of CEs mentioned climate change, the majority of employees were concerned about climate change impacts. CEs share the fixed-boundary limits typical of protected areas with additional adaptation constraints due to permanent terms on private lands. CEs often have multiple, potentially conflicting purposes that protect against termination but complicate decisions about principled, conservation-oriented adaptation. Monitoring is critical for shaping adaptive responses, but only 35% of CEs allowed organizations to conduct ecological monitoring. In addition, CEs provided few requirements or incentives for active stewardship of private lands. We found four primary options for changing land use restrictions, each with advantages and risks: CE amendment, management plan revisions, approval of changes through discretionary consent, and updating laws or policies codified in the CE. Conservation organizations, funders, and the Internal Revenue Service should promote processes for principled adaptation in CE terms, provide more active stewardship of CE lands, and consider alternatives to the CE tool.
Gene expression and histological studies of articular chondrocytes in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement demonstrates chronic and sustained inflammation and age related abnormal extracellular matrix

ABSTRACT Introduction Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a frequent cause of hip pain associated with the degeneration of cartilage in hip joint. However, the molecular events linking the bone and cartilage deformation with joint degeneration are unclear. Objective Using gene expression and histological analyses of cam-type FAI tissues to discover abnormal biological changes of chondrocytes that contribute to the molecular pathophysiology of FAI. Methods Full-thickness cartilage specimens obtained from donors who underwent hip arthroscopy to address symptomatic cam-type FAI were analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess gene expressions of markers for inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and cellular senescence. Histological specimens were prepared with safranin O/fast green staining as well as immunohistochemistry for evaluation. Results Compared to normal cartilage, cam-type FAI tissues demonstrated decreased expression of ACAN, COL2, and Sox9. Additionally, chondrocytes in these tissues showed increased expressions of MMP13, ADAMTS4, and IL-1β, as well as p21, Bcl-2, and FasL. Histological analyses of the FAI tissues revealed two distinct phenotypes: safranin O positive (SO+) and negative (SO-) that demonstrated different stages of FAI related to patient age. Immunohistochemical studies of COL2, ACAN, MMP3, and PCNA showed differences between SO+ and SO- groups. Conclusions Gene expression and histological analyses indicated that chronic and sustained inflammation and age related degradation of extracellular matrix associated with cell senescence were major characteristics of FAI tissue.
Longitudinal perspectives on crowding and management at a beach park in Hawai'i

Abstract This research adds to a small body of literature studying longitudinal change in coastal tourism environments. Site use and crowding at Kailua Beach Park in Hawai'i was investigated through research conducted in 2007 and 2019. Reported encounters, perceived crowding and the minimum acceptable condition all increased between these years. Overall, crowding scores were highest for respondents who reported more encounters than they think should be allowed, and the percentage of users who encountered more people than they think should be allowed has grown substantially. A significant increase of US mainland users was identified in 2019 (which mirrors broader tourism trends in Hawai'i) and local beach users are now in the minority at this site. Respondents from the USA mainland were less likely than local or international user groups to experience encounters exceeding their norm, and if their encounter norms were exceeded, USA mainland respondents generally displayed lower crowding scores. These findings have implications for norm stability, the development of appropriate standards of quality for crowding, and post-pandemic management.
“Challenge Accepted” Movement on Instagram: An Embodied Virtual Protest

This paper investigates whether social media provides an alternative protest forum minimizing bodily harm for vulnerable groups through an analysis of the “Challenge Accepted” movement on Instagram. The Instagram challenge constituted a part of the physical and online protests against the actions of the authorities and mechanisms in Turkey, especially after the Turkish government’s decision to withdraw from the Istanbul Convention, which increased women’s vulnerability. Based on Judith Butler’s writings, I propose four main properties for an effective protest: 1. Visibility of the protesters and their bodies, 2. Plural action, 3. Occupation of “public” spaces, 4. Vulnerability of the protesters. Looking into the properties and tactics that carry over from physical to virtual protests, I argue that social media offers its users an alternatively embodied political presence in public that minimizes harm and allows for plural political action, and has tangible socio-political consequences and effects on protesters’ bodies and lives. Although I ultimately argue that hybrid physical-online protests are more effective and less risky for the protesters, this paper is an attempt to re-think and imagine alternative protest platforms that reduce vulnerability and increase social and political impact, which is much needed under certain circumstances that increase protesters’ vulnerability and discourage physical participation, such as police brutality, governmental oppression and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantified Facial Expressiveness for Affective Behavior Analytics.

The quantified measurement of facial expressiveness is crucial to analyze human affective behavior at scale. Unfortunately, methods for expressiveness quantification at the video frame-level are largely unexplored, unlike the study of discrete expression. In this work, we propose an algorithm that quantifies facial expressiveness using a bounded, continuous expressiveness score using multimodal facial features, such as action units (AUs), landmarks, head pose, and gaze. The proposed algorithm more heavily weights AUs with high intensities and large temporal changes. The proposed algorithm can compute the expressiveness in terms of discrete expression, and can be used to perform tasks including facial behavior tracking and subjectivity quantification in context. Our results on benchmark datasets show the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of capturing temporal changes and expressiveness, measuring subjective differences in context, and extracting useful insight.
Malign Manipulations: Can Google's Shareholders Save Democracy?

Research shows that by manipulating Google Search—or more precisely, the order of the search results—a malign actor can shift public opinion regarding a candidate for political office, or public policy issue. One double-blind study conservatively estimated the shift at twenty percent of undecided voters. See Robert Epstein & Ronald Robertson, The Search Engine Manipulation Effect, 112 PNAS E4512 (2015). However, it is not clear the extent to which Google Search has, to date, been manipulated for political purposes. The answer to that question is a carefully guarded secret at Google (or the subject of willful blindness). Some light was shed on the matter during the December 11, 2018 House Judiciary Committee Hearing on Transparency and Accountability: Examining Google and its Data Collection, Use and Filtering. At that hearing, Google CEO, Sundar Pichai testified on the issue for several hours. However, his testimony left many questions unanswered (and raised many more). For that reason—to provide answers—this Article argues that Google's shareholders must compel the company to disclose the extent to which Google Search has, to date, been manipulated by bad actors. This Article explains how Google's shareholders can compel such disclosure using Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Unfortunately, search engine manipulation has been loosely defined by authors. Many authors use search engine manipulation as a catch-all term for any reordering of search results (other than by relevance). This Article precisely defines search engine manipulation as: (1) malign third-parties gaming the search algorithm for political ends, or (2) malign insiders tweaking the search algorithm for political ends. Finally, while this Article focuses on Google Search, the concerns regarding manipulation apply to any other search engine (e.g., Bing or Yahoo) or other platforms that use algorithms to find information for users (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and even Amazon).
Teaching Data Science in a Synchronous Online Introductory Course at a Business School – A Case Study

Data literacy can be improved by teaching data science methods and tools. Both method-kit and tool-kit are eclectic and interdisciplinary, posing potential threats for students’ understanding and motivation, especially at a business school where the focus is not on IT. We found that a broad spectrum of methods and tools can be helpful, rather than a hindrance, when teaching data science to absolute beginners. This case study investigates how teaching and learning workflows can be improved when systematically deploying a wide array of digital tools in an introductory online data science class at a large German business school, taught in the winter term of 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The class was offered to all students of the school as part of the extracurricular program. Several such tools were selected, introduced, and used, with a special emphasis on tools to enhance teaching and learning productivity in and between live sessions. Tools included: the GitHub global code repository, the Emacs editor with ESS and Org-Mode markdown, Kahoot! Games, screencasting, video tutorials and podcasts, external assignment tools like DataCamp and Celonis, and a Moodle platform to pull all of these together. Participation and explicit student feedback were very positive and have already initiated curricular changes at the school. In this paper, the course rationale, goals, content, tools, and preliminary findings are presented and discussed, and an outlook for further research is given.
Non-invasive imaging of C-MET receptor for delineation of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

2 Objectives Approximately 20%-25% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis of CRC is dependent on accurate diagnosis at the time of biopsy as well as the efficiency of liver cytoreductive surgery. C-Met is a proto-oncogene overexpressing in 70-86 % of CRC and can be effectively used to detect metastatic foci of CRC to liver. Our aim was to assess whether optical imaging of c-Met using a targeted fluorescence probe, GE-137, can be used to delineate intrahepatic CRC metastasis and be effectively employed for intraoperative and minimally invasive interventions. Methods A focal model of CRC metastasis to liver was generated by injection of human CRC cells (HT-29) in the hepatic subcapsular space in nu/nu mice (n=8). Multispectral epifluorescence imaging was performed over 8 hours following GE-137 probe injection and uptake in the liver and tumor, and tumor to background ratio (TBR) were calculated. Biodistribution study was performed to evaluate NIR signal in different organs1 hour after probe injection. IHC evaluation of c-Met expression in human CRCs was performed using a tissue array. Results Surface epifluorescence imaging showed high uptake in subcapsularly grown tumors with the maximum intensity 1 hour after injection. While the signal intensity in both liver and xenograft tumor decreased afterwards, TBR increased constantly (1.41±0.14, 5 min vs. 5.29±1.59, 8 hours after injection). Tumor to background liver signal reached a peak of 15.28±0.9, 1 hour post-injection. Biodistribution study demonstrated low NIR signal in normal liver tissue. IHC confirmed elevated expression of c-MET in 81% of CRC samples. Conclusions High tumor to normal liver fluorescence ratios in our tumor model using GE-137 and overexpression of c-MET in most of human CRC tumors suggest that optical imaging of c-MET is a promising and translatable approach for early detection of liver metastases from CRC and for intraoperative and minimally invasive image-guided interventions.
Diabetic Foot Infection

Half of all patients with diabetes have some manifestation of diabetic foot pathology (neuropathy, ischemia, or infection) making the foot a significant source of morbidity. Over the course of their lifetime, 15 % of diabetics experience a foot ulcer which frequently requires hospitalization and drives the cost of diabetic foot care to approximately $13 billion annually. One in five patients with a diabetic foot ulcer will progress to amputation, and diabetics have a relative amputation risk 40 times greater than the general population. Protecting diabetic patients from limb-threatening foot infections requires knowledge of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Implementation of Electronic Disease Reporting Systems by Local Health Departments

Background: Electronic disease reporting systems (EDRSs) are imperative for local health departments (LHDs) operating in the post-H1N1 and evidence-based public health practice era. Studies regarding functionality and factors responsible for variation in implementation are important but rare. Purpose: This primary objective for this study was to provide evidence regarding the level to which LHDs have implemented electronic disease reporting systems and factors associated with variation in implementation of electronic disease reporting systems. Methods: A quantitative analysis was performed of the 2013 Profile of Local Health Departments Survey conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO). The Profile study used a nationally representative sample of 625 LHDs and received an 81% response rate. Using a Multinomial Logistic Regression model, significant factors explaining variation were examined. Results: Significant factors associated with the implementation of EDRSs were experienced (tenure) top executive, jurisdiction population size, region of geographic location, presence of Local Board of Health, type of governance, presence of health information specialist on staff, and number of clinical services performed. Implications: For the advancement of public health surveillance in the 21st century, LHDs need the capacity for real time surveillance data collection and use, as well as, interoperable and integrated disease surveillance systems. Policies aimed at advancing disease surveillance in the United States might benefit from our findings on modifiable factors associated with the difference in EDRS implementation.
The effect of current on skin barrier function in vivo: recovery kinetics post-iontophoresis.

Purpose. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which current passage perturbed the skin's intrinsic permeability, and to quantify how quickly and to what extent the barrier properties recovered from the effects of iontophoresis.
Hazards to Man and Domestic Animals

Pesticides can come in contact with man and domestic animals by accidental encounter or as residues in food, water, and air. The former route often causes acute poisoning, which has been studied by medical and veterinary toxicologists. Occupational exposure (e.g., pesticide factory workers and pest control operators) usually results in chronic poisoning, which provides rough estimates of toxicity to humans for some of the pesticides. However, pesticide intake through food, water, and air has been neglected, since the amount of intake was thought to be insignificant. Studies on the subtle effects of this chronic exposure to persistent pesticides have begun only recently.
Practical Bellows Seals for Stirling Engines

Rod seals, and to a lesser extent piston seals, are the primary impediments to long life and high reliability for kinematic Stirling engines. Hermetic metal bellows have been successfully demonstrated for 6.9 years and 4 x 10/sup 9/ cycles in a free-piston Stirling engine. A totally different radioisotope fueled free-piston Stirling engine with a flexing metal diaphragm was still operating at last report after more than 12 years and 3 x 10/sup 10/ cycles. A concept for implementing logn life bellows to function as rod seals and piston seals in kinematic Stirling engines has been developed and is presented for the first time in this paper.
Application of influence lines for the ultimate capacity of beams under moving loads

Abstract This paper describes a procedure for estimating the nonlinear ultimate load carrying capacity of continuous beams using a combination of linear elastic influence lines for segments of the beam in appropriately selected damaged configurations. The method extends the use of influence lines beyond the elastic limits while preserving their inherent efficiency and accuracy. The approach is validated by comparing it to numerical results obtained through structural nonlinear analysis software and other analytical solutions. A main advantage of the method is its ability to determine the most critical locations for placing multiple point loads that cause the beam’s plastic failure. This method may be of practical interest in structural and bridge engineering when numerous nonlinear analyses are required to estimate the ultimate capacity of structures that may be subject to moving loads.
The Use of Isoelectric Focusing to Identify Rhinoceros Keratins

Keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. They are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. Hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. Parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. Keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. Proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prepared by solubilizing 10 mg of horn sample in 200 microL of a solution containing 12M urea, 74mM Trizma base, and 78mM dithiothreitol (DTT). Extraction took place over a 48-h period. A 25-microL aliquot of extract was removed and incubated with 5 microL of 0.1 M DTT for 10 min at 25 degrees C. Keratins were then separated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) on 5.2% polyacrylamide gels for 3 h and visualized using silver staining. At least 20 bands could be observed for each species studied. However, band patterns differed in the position of each band, in the number of bands, and in band coloration resulting from the silver staining process. Horn from two species of rhinoceros was examined. For both specimens, most bands occurred in the pH range of 4 to 5. Although similar patterns for both species were observed, they differed sufficiently to differentiate one from the other. As might be expected, the closer two species are related phylogenetically, the greater the similarity in the IEF pattern produced from their solubilized keratin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GLOBAL ETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: A REFLECTION

This paper examines the contributions that the international human rights community can make to the definition and framing of a practically effective global ethic, especially in light of ongoing concerns about social and economic justice, environmental issues, and systematic abuses of vulnerable populations. The principal argument is that the human rights movement in all of its dimensions (moral, legal, political) provides the pivotal foundation for a practicable global ethic now and for the foreseeable future. Evidence for the truth of this claim is discerned in the movement's contemporary efforts to intersect explicitly with other areas of international law and politics. Examples adduced include developments with respect to the rights of indigenous peoples, decision making about the environment, and transitional justice.