cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of ADHD and Negative Emotional Lability in Predicting Changes in Parenting Daily Hassles

The present study examined the extent to which children’s negative emotional lability (measured via ecological momentary assessment—EMA) and ADHD diagnostic status predicted changes in the frequency of daily parenting hassles and the stress resulting from daily hassles at one-week follow-up when controlling for baseline parenting hassles. Parents of 84 children 8–12 years-old (47 with ADHD, 37 without ADHD) completed a measure of parenting daily hassles at baseline and follow-up and participated in EMA assessment protocol ratings of their child’s mood (3-times daily) for one week. Analyses of covariance indicated that parents of children with ADHD reported significantly greater frequency of daily parenting hassles and intensity of parenting stress resulting from daily hassles than parents of children without ADHD at baseline and follow-up. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that children’s negative emotional lability was a significant predictor of the intensity of parenting stress resulting from daily hassles, but not the frequency of daily parenting hassles. There was also an interaction of ADHD diagnostic status and greater EMA-derived negative emotional lability in the prediction of the frequency of daily parenting hassles due to children’s challenging behaviors. Specifically, greater negative emotional lability predicted more frequent daily parenting hassles due to children’s challenging behaviors among parents of children without ADHD but not among parents of children with ADHD. Overall, this study suggests that children’s negative emotional lability is a significant predictor of aspects of daily parenting hassles across parents of children with and without ADHD.
Dendritic cells of myeloid lineage: the masterminds behind acute allograft rejection.

Purpose of reviewAdvances in surgery, patient management, and pharmacologic immunosuppression have reduced the incidence of acute allograft rejection. However, generation of therapies to promote donor-specific immunosuppression with minimal side-effects has proved to be a difficult task. To some ext
Special Topic: Secondary Lipoplasty

Although almost all patients who undergo lipoplasty procedures experience satisfactory outcomes with rapid recovery and few complications, misuse of lipoplasty techniques and technology may lead to suboptimal results. In this article, the indications for secondary lipoplasty are outlined, a clinical classification of candidates for secondary lipoplasty is presented, and the benefits and limitations of the approaches to secondary lipoplasty are discussed.
Effect of Arthritis on Hand Function in the Elderly

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common diseases that affect hand function in the elderly. Part of the physician's role is to teach the patient how to protect his joints and use them judiciously. This involves range-of-motion exercises, splinting, and use of assistive devices to make everyday tasks easier. Failure to institute appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures can have profound psychologic and physical effects on the elderly patient.
Characterization of Flow-resistant Tubes Used for Semi-occluded Vocal Tract Voice Training and Therapy.

Summary Objectives This study aimed to characterize the pressure-flow relationship of tubes used for semi-occluded vocal tract voice training/therapy, as well as to answer these major questions: (1) What is the relative importance of tube length to tube diameter? (2) What is the range of oral pressures achieved with tubes at phonation flow rates? (3) Does mouth configuration behind the tubes matter? Methods Plastic tubes of various diameters and lengths were mounted in line with an upstream pipe, and the pressure drop across each tube was measured at stepwise increments in flow rate. Basic flow theory and modified flow theory equations were used to describe the pressure-flow relationship of the tubes based on diameter and length. Additionally, the upstream pipe diameter was varied to explore how mouth shape affects tube resistance. Results The modified equation provided an excellent prediction of the pressure-flow relationship across all tube sizes (6% error compared with the experimental data). Variation in upstream pipe diameter yielded up to 10% deviation in pressure for tube sizes typically used in voice training/therapy. Conclusions Using the presented equations, we can characterize resistance for any tube based on diameter, length, and flow rate. With regard to the original questions, we found that (1) For commonly used tubes, diameter is the critical variable for governing flow resistance; (2) For phonation flow rates, a range of tube dimensions produced pressures between 0 and 7.0 kPa; and (3) The mouth pressure behind the lips will vary slightly with different mouth shapes, but this effect can be considered relatively insignificant.
When the falls expert becomes the fall risk patient: Through the looking-glass.

For many years (more than I care to admit), I have concentrated on the provision of nursing care to older adults in hospital settings. Early in my practice as a geriatric clinical nurse specialist, I was challenged by a British physician of ‘why do American nurses tether their patients.’ It was as if blinders came off my eyes and I could see the madness of involuntary immobilization when tying patients to the bed or chair, many of them in tears or angst, while at the same time encouraging early mobility and ambulation. Thus began my journey over the ensuing decades to reduce our reliance on the use of physical restraints in the care of older patients who were delirious or with dementia, who were at risk for falls or who were likely to disrupt or terminate their medical devices, e.g., intravenous lines, indwelling bladder catheters (treatment disruption). With colleagues, I have conducted quality improvement and clinical studies testing non-restraint strategies to prevent patient falls or treatment disruption in the hospital setting. Some strategies have helped in reducing fall rates1; some not so much.2 I have actively participated on several hospital falls committees, even serving as chair. Yet, none of my clinical, administrative or research
Why Pressure is Bad for Your Brain? Hydrostatic Pressure Promotes Aggregation of Alpha-Synuclein in Cells

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies which are plaques of aggregated proteins found post-mortem in brains of patients. The neurodegenerative plagues associated with Parkinson's disease are largely composed of the protein α-synuclein. A-Synuclein is a small cytoplasmic protein found in central nervous system of vertebrates. Despite intensive studies, its precise role in cells is unknown. Changes in α-synuclein oligomerization are thought to give rise to nucleation of neurodegenerative plaques. We have proposed previously that loss of binding partners caused by environmental factors, such as oxidative stress induces α-synuclein oligomerization. Here, we investigated the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the aggregation of α-synuclein in cultured neuronal cells. We applied high hydrostatic pressure to cells in suspension for 1h and plated them in full growth medium for 24h to allow recovery and ensure that experiments are performed on live cells. Using western-blot and number and brightness analysis of fluorescence fluctuation intensities, we found that hydrostatic pressure promotes aggregation of α-synuclein in PC12 and SK-N-SH cells. We then tested whether aggregation is associated with the loss of binding partners, such as phospholipase Cβ1. Western blot analysis indicates that hydrostatic pressure reduces the amount of PLCβ1, but not α-synuclein in neuronal cells. Using Forster resonance energy transfer between GFP-PLCβ1 and mCherry-α-synuclein we found that increased pressure reduces the association between PLCβ1 and α-synuclein. These studies suggest that pressure induces cell damage that results in the loss of α-synuclein binding partners and can promote α-synuclein aggregation.This work was supported by PSC-CUNY 45 to UG and NIH GM116178 to SS.
Oltre la censura del senso: riflessioni sul futuro della bioetica

L’analisi delle atrocita commesse nel XX secolo investe direttamente le professioni sanitarie, considerato il ruolo attivo svolto in tali vicende. La possibilita che persone comuni possano commettere delle atrocita e stato oggetto di analisi, anche in ambito sperimentale, come nell’esperimento di Milgram e in quello di Zimbardo. La disamina di diverse variabili relative alla persona (“docilita” e “razionalita limitata”) e i meccanismi che si innescano quando l’individuo opera all’interno di una organizzazione complessa, impongono una vigilanza per la possibilita che le organizzazioni sanitarie devino dal perseguimento degli obiettivi di salute, anche in rapporto a dinamiche di tipo economico e alla pressione derivante dall’innovazione tecnologica. ---------- The analysis of the atrocities committed during the Twentieth Century directly involves health care professions, if their active role is considered within these events. The possibility that ordinary people can commit atrocities has been subject of analysis, even in the experimental context, as in the Milgram’s study and the Zimbardo’s one. The analysis of different variables related to the person (“docility” and “rationality limited”) and the mechanisms that work when a person operates within a complex organization, impose a surveillance. The risk is the possibility that health care organizations do not get health care aims, also with reference to economic dynamics and to pressure resulting from technological innovation.
No-way physics

Many principles of physics are of the form "If you do this, what will happen is that." Newton's second law, for example, says that the acceleration of a particular mass will be proportional to the force applied to it. Such principles imply that certain effects are practically impossible. A small number of principles, however, belong to a different category. These say, in effect, "That cannot happen." Such principles imply that certain effects are physically impossible.
Endovascular Technologies for Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia

Endovascular interventions for symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) have undergone significant progress in recent years. Trials, however, remain limited for evaluating the efficacy and safety of these technologies in critical limb ischemia (CLI). This chapter attempts to review the mechanism of restenosis which has provided the impetus for the development of multiple endovascular options for PAD interventions. Following it is a review of available evidence for the use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), stent technologies including bare-metal (BMS), bare-nitinol, and drug-eluting stents (DES); cryoplasty; cutting and scoring balloons; and drug-eluting balloon (DEB) technologies. Finally, adjunctive technologies designed for intervention in special circumstances are reviewed including atherectomy technologies, technologies for intervening on chronic total occlusions (CTOs), and embolic protection devices.
Demo or Die: Narrative Construction as Articulation Work for Promoting Early Stage Digital Innovations

The transformation of ideas and inventions into actual products is an arduous process that often requires persistent promotion by the inventor, often collaboratively with others. Through an ethnographic field study of an information systems R&D laboratory I illustrate how innovators achieved the goal of promoting their digital inventions by crafting and performing collective narratives demos that strategically leveraged affordances of digital medium. Even though demos were not part of the formal evaluation metric for researchers, they played a crucial role within the organizations through their use for articulation work. Through this articulation work of narrative construction innovators translated their perceived image of the audience into material properties of their artifact and weaved it into their narrative presentation. These highly personalized and often interactive experiences allowed the innovators to tightly manage impressions of their artifact and of them. Products that could be personalized were more likely to garner audience interest and support within the organization. Given the increase in use of digital technology within organizations, more work is needed to understand how articulation changes with digitization.
Competency Based Learning in the Web of Learning Data

In this paper, we present, discuss and summarize different research works we carried out toward the exploitation of the Web of data for learning and training purpose (Web of learning data). For several years now, we have conducted efforts to explore this main objective through two complementary directions. The first direction is the scalability and particularly the need to develop methods able to provide learners with adequate learning path in the world of big data. The second direction is related to the transition from Web data to Web of learning data and particularly the extraction of cognitive attributes from Web content. For this purpose, we proposed different text mining techniques as well as the development of competency framework engineering tools. Resulting evidence-based techniques allow us to properly evaluate and improve the relationships between learning materials, performance records and student competencies. Although some questions remain unanswered and challenging technology improvements are still required, promising results and developments are arising.
Sources of Errors in Thinking and How to Avoid Them

In this chapter we discuss ways in which our experiences might mislead our thinking. We identify sources of errors in thinking as well as time-honored strategies to avoid these errors. Being aware of these errors is crucial to developing critical thinking skills.
Abstract 33: Cardiac Fibroblasts Reprogram Into Endothelial Like Cells in a p53 Dependent Manner After Acute Ischemic Cardiac Injury

The mammalian heart exhibits poor regenerative capacity after acute ischemic injury and heals primarily by fibrosis. Recently, several groups have demonstrated that cardiac fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to adopt myogenic fates using exogenous transcription factors. However, the ability of cardiac fibroblasts to adopt specific cellular fates in the absence of exogenous factors is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of cardiac fibroblasts adopt endothelial characteristics after ischemic cardiac injury in the absence of any added factors. Using mice harboring genetically labeled fibroblasts (Col1a2CreERT:R26RTdTomato), we show that 34 +/- 3% (mean, SEM) of labeled cardiac fibroblasts in the injury border zone express endothelial markers such as VE-cadherin. Fibroblast derived endothelial cells comprised 25 +/- 2% of total and 8 +/- 2% of luminal endothelial cells at the border zone 3 days after injury. To better understand fibroblast-endothelial reprogramming we subjected cardiac fibroblasts to cellular stress (serum starvation) and found that they formed tubes on Matrigel and up-regulated endothelial specific genes (e.g. VE-cadherin, Flk1, Flt1) 6-20 fold. We show that reprogramming of fibroblasts to endothelial like cells ex vivo is p53 dependent. Inhibiting p53 activity by pharmacological means (Pifithrin-α) or genetic deletion in fibroblasts (Col1a2CreERT:p53fl/fl) led to a 94% decrease in Matrigel tube formation and 90% reduction in endothelial gene expression. Moreover, we observed that p53 levels in cardiac fibroblasts were more than 10-fold higher at the injury border zone using semi-quantitative immunofluorescent staining. Injection of a p53 activator after injury doubled p53 levels in cardiac fibroblasts and increased the rate of fibroblast-endothelial reprogramming by 43%. Enhanced fibroblast-endothelial reprogramming was also associated with decreased collagen deposition 3 days post injury. In summary, we show that cardiac fibroblasts are able to adopt endothelial cell like fates both in vivo and ex vivo in a p53 dependent manner. Manipulation of fibroblast to endothelial reprogramming could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to increase post infarct angiogenesis and enhance function in the injured heart.
How Does Energy Resource Depletion Affect Prosperity? Mathematics of a Minimum Energy Return on Investment (EROI)

It has been proposed that energy resource depletion and declining energy return on investment (EROI) can disrupt modern, prosperous lifestyles. This is because such lifestyles are dependent on abundant, low-cost energy supplies, to date supplied by fossil energy. We illustrate a mathematical structure by which to analyze the impacts of energy depletion as it affects all sectors of the economy. This framework is based on the reduced availability of discretionary outputs as inter-industry operations become less efficient. We illustrate this mathematical framework, and explore a simple template economy with four sectors. The inputs for each sector are defined at an order-of-magnitude level using data for the US, and the matrix is modified to explore the impacts of resource depletion and uncertainty. We show that the “net energy cliff” concept used in prior studies emerges from the structure of this template economy and appears at similar levels of energy productivity hypothesized in prior work. At levels of net energy return \(\le\) 5 J/J, the fraction of productive outputs free to use in discretionary purposes declines rapidly, resulting in the emergence of an effective “minimum EROI” below which prosperity is burdened by excessive direct and indirect requirements of the energy sector. We explore how uncertainty in the matrix specification impacts the level at which the minimum EROI becomes binding. We also show how changes in other sectors (e.g., efficiency of materials production) can affect the rate at which energy depletion affects prosperity.
Seed Dormancy Break and Germination for Restoration of Three Globally Important Wetland Bulrushes

Limited knowledge of seed dormancy break, germination requirements, and intraspecific variation of these traits hinders revegetation of many species targeted for restoration. We evaluated the importance of cold stratification and chemical scarification for breaking seed dormancy and the impact of soaking in water on germination for three globally distributed bulrush species. These species, Bolboschoenus maritimus (alkali bulrush), Schoenoplectus acutus (hardstem bulrush), and S. americanus (threesquare bulrush), form critical habitat in Great Salt Lake wetlands. For B. maritimus and S. acutus , we also evaluated variation in response to seed dormancy breaking treatments among geographically-distant seed sources. We found that both 180 days of cold, moist stratification or 48 hours of bleach scarification were effective for breaking seed dormancy for most seed sources of B. maritimus . For S. acutus , longer stratification lengths may result in consistently higher germination percentages, but 30 days of stratification may be of sufficient length for some source sites. For S. americanus , stratification improved germination in one experiment, but 20–60 percent of viable seed did not germinate in each experiment potentially due to a poor understanding of germination requirements. Soaking seeds in water under greenhouse conditions, improved the germination of all species when done after dormancy breaking treatments. Importantly, response to dormancy breaking treatment varied among source sites; intraspecific variation may account for unpredictable responses to dormancy breaking treatments. These findings can assist practitioners in crafting strategies to effectively break dormancy and germinate seeds of B. maritimus, S. acutus , and S. americanus .
Just-in-Time Overview

As will be stressed throughout this book, the average manufacturing operation is extremely complex to manage. The work of several hundred people and dozens of machines has to be coordinated to produce hundreds of product types, and it is not surprising that managers have frequently failed to control such a complex operation effectively.
Instantiation: Toward a Theory

The concept of “instantiation,” the phenomenon of realization in time, is emerging in knowledge organization. Studies have demonstrated some consistent theoretical parameters. Epistemological and content analysis provide a background for meta-analysis. The result points the way to lacunae in the understanding of instantiation, including flaws in the FRBR model. Le concept « d’instanciation », le phenomene de realisation dans le temps emerge dans l’organisation des connaissances. Les etudes ont demontre plusieurs parametres theoriques coherents. L’analyse epistemologique et l’analyse du contenu offrent une base pour la meta-analyse. Les resultats convergent sur la maniere de combler les lacunes dans la comprehension de l’instanciation, incluant les insuffisances du modele FRBR.
Lotus Effect Surfaces in Nature

Many biological surfaces are known to be superhydrophobic and self-cleaning with low adhesion/low drag. They also exhibit antifouling properties. In this chapter, various plant leaves, their roughness, and wax coatings in relation to their hydrophobic/hydrophilic and self-cleaning properties (Bhushan and Jung, 2011) will be discussed. Surface characterization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaves on the micro- and nanoscale is presented to understand the role of microbumps and nanobumps. In addition, the contact angle and adhesion and friction properties of these leaves are considered. The knowledge gained by examining these properties of the leaves and by quantitatively analyzing the surface structure will help in the design of superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surfaces.
Electronic messaging and communication with living kidney donors.

New regulations require living kidney donor (LKD) follow-up for 2 years, but donor retention remains poor. Electronic communication (eg, text messaging and e-mail) might improve donor retention. To explore the possible impact of electronic communication, we recruited LKDs to participate in an exploratory study of communication via telephone, e-mail, or text messaging postdonation; communication through this study was purely optional and did not replace standard follow-up. Of 69 LKDs recruited, 3% requested telephone call, 52% e-mail, and 45% text messaging. Telephone response rate was 0%; these LKDs were subsequently excluded from analysis. Overall response rates with e-mail or text messaging at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 94%, 87%, 81%, 72%, and 72%. Lower response rates were seen in African Americans, even after adjusting for age, sex, and contact method (incidence rate ratio (IRR) nonresponse 2.07 5.8116.36 , P = .001). Text messaging had higher response rates than e-mail (IRR nonresponse 0.11 0.280.71 , P = .007). Rates of nonresponse were similar by sex (IRR 0.68, P = .4) and age (IRR 1.00, P > .9). In summary, LKDs strongly preferred electronic messaging over telephone and were highly responsive 2 years postdonation, even in this nonrequired, nonincentivized exploratory research study. These electronic communication tools can be automated and may improve regulatory compliance and postdonation care.
Does Medical Expansion Improve Population Health

Medical expansion has become a prominent dynamic in today’s societies as the biomedical model becomes increasingly dominant in the explanation of health, illness, and other human problems and behavior. Medical expansion is multidimensional and represented by expansions in three major components of the healthcare system: increasing medical investment, medical professionalization/specialization, and the relative size of the pharmaceutical industry. Using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development health data and World Development Indicators 1981 to 2007, we find medical investment and medical professionalization/specialization significantly improve all three measures of life expectancy and decrease mortality rate even after controlling for endogeneity problems. In contrast, an expanded pharmaceutical industry is negatively associated with female life expectancy at age 65 and positively associated with the all-cause mortality rate. It further compromises the beneficial effect of medical professio...
Leptin Signaling Mediates Obesity-Associated CSC Enrichment and EMT in Preclinical TNBC Models

Obesity is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Preclinical models of TNBC were used to test the hypothesis that increased leptin signaling drives obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice, which develop spontaneous basal-like, triple-negative mammary tumors, received either a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or a diet-induced obesity regimen (DIO, 60% kcal from fat) for up to 42 weeks (n = 15/group). Mice were monitored for tumor development and euthanized when tumor diameter reached 1.5 cm. Tumoral gene expression was assessed via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). DIO mice had greater body weight and percent body fat at termination than controls. DIO mice, versus controls, demonstrated reduced survival, increased systemic metabolic and inflammatory perturbations, upregulated tumoral CSC/EMT gene signature, elevated tumoral aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (a CSC marker), and greater leptin signaling. In cell culture experiments using TNBC cells (murine: E-Wnt and M-Wnt; human: MDA-MB-231), leptin enhanced mammosphere formation, and media supplemented with serum from DIO versus control mice increased cell viability, migration, invasion, and CSC- and EMT-related gene expression, including Foxc2, Twist2, Vim, Akt3, and Sox2 In E-Wnt cells, knockdown of leptin receptor ablated these procancer effects induced by DIO mouse serum. These findings indicate that increased leptin signaling is causally linked to obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting CSC enrichment and EMT.Implications: Leptin-associated signals impacting CSC and EMT may provide new targets and intervention strategies for decreasing TNBC burden in obese women. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 869-79. ©2018 AACR.
Herpes Zoster in Patients Receiving JAK Inhibitors For Ulcerative Colitis: Mechanism, Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention

Increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ) has been observed in patients with immune-mediated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PsO), and inflammatory bowel disease; this risk can be further increased by the use of immunosuppressive therapy. One advancing modality of therapy for these diseases is Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition. Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of RA and psoriatic arthritis, which is currently under investigation for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and was previously investigated for psoriasis. JAK inhibitors have been associated with HZ events in patients across a number of indications. The pathogenesis underlying this risk of HZ is currently unknown. An increased risk of HZ has been noted in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies for UC, including tofacitinib. In clinical trials, there was a dose-dependent risk of HZ (higher dose linked with increased risk). However, the majority of HZ cases are nonserious and noncomplicated, mild to moderate in severity, and manageable without permanent discontinuation of treatment. This review will discuss HZ risk in patients receiving JAK inhibitors, focusing on tofacitinib with respect to the potential mechanisms and epidemiology of HZ. Current guidelines for the prevention of HZ will be highlighted, and proposed management reviewed.
Die neuen Hochdruckleitlinien der ESH

In 2013 wurden nach 2007 und einem Update im Jahr 2009 die neuen Hochdruckleitlinien der europaischen Hochdruckgesellschaft (ESH) vorgestellt. In den letzten Jahren hatte es zahlreiche Studien gegeben, die vor allem auch zeigten, dass die zu ambitionierte Blutdruckeinstellung nicht immer Ziel der Behandlung sein sollte. So sind die Hochdruckziele fur die Behandlung jetzt in der Regel zwischen 130–140/80–90 mmHg, wobei nach Moglichkeit 130/80 mmHg angestrebt werden soll. Auch in der Diagnostik zeigt sich, dass die Gefasevaluation, wie die Pulswellengeschwindigkeit, einen wichtigen Stellenwert hat. Bei der Therapie gab es keine wesentlichen Anderungen zu den vorhergehenden Leitlinien, nur dass die Kombinationstherapie einen besonderen Stellenwert einnimmt und auch die Kombination von Hemmern des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems nach Studien kontraindiziert ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst die wesentlichen Anderungen der aktuellen Empfehlungen der europaischen Hochdruckliga zusammen.
A nonparametric Bayesian model for estimating spectral densities of resting-state EEG twin data.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging modality that captures electrical brain activity many times per second. We seek to estimate power spectra from EEG data that ware gathered for 557 adolescent twin pairs through the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS). Typically, spectral analysis methods treat time series from each subject separately, and independent spectral densities are fit to each time series. Since the EEG data were collected on twins, it is reasonable to assume that the time series have similar underlying characteristics, so borrowing information across subjects can significantly improve estimation. We propose a Nested Bernstein Dirichlet prior model to estimate the power spectrum of the EEG signal for each subject by smoothing periodograms within and across subjects while requiring minimal user input to tuning parameters. Furthermore, we leverage the MTFS twin study design to estimate the heritability of EEG power spectra with the hopes of establishing new endophenotypes. Through simulation studies designed to mimic the MTFS, we show our method out-performs a set of other popular methods.
An algorithm to minimize the number of blocks in incomplete block designs

Incomplete block designs are experimental designs in which a subset of treatments are included in each block. The researcher must decide which conditions are assigned to each block. This design concept is quite general. At the level of the experiment, a treatment is a condition in an experiment, blocks are different groups of subjects, and the researcher must decide how to assign a subset of conditions to each block of subjects. At the level of the subject, the treatments correspond to individual stimuli, blocks correspond to experimental trials, and the researcher must decide which subset of stimuli to include in each trial. In this article, we present an efficient algorithm that assigns treatments to blocks in an incomplete block design according to two criteria: Each pair of treatments must appear together in at least one block, and the number of blocks in the experiment is minimized. We discuss details and applications of the algorithm and provide software and a web application to generate designs according to the needs of the researcher.
Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are required to initiate gastrulation

Mitochondria are essential for energy production and although they have their own genome, many nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) are required for proper function of the organelle. Although mutations in MRPs have been associated with human diseases, little is known about their role during development. Presented here are the null phenotypes for 21 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins and in-depth characterization of mouse embryos mutant for the Mrp genes Mrpl3, Mrpl22, Mrpl44, Mrps18c and Mrps22 Loss of each MRP results in successful implantation and egg-cylinder formation, followed by severe developmental delay and failure to initiate gastrulation by embryonic day 7.5. The robust and similar single knockout phenotypes are somewhat surprising given there are over 70 MRPs and suggest little functional redundancy. Metabolic analysis reveals that Mrp knockout embryos produce significantly less ATP than controls, indicating compromised mitochondrial function. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses indicate abnormal organelle morphology and stalling at the G2/M checkpoint in Mrp null cells. The nearly identical pre-gastrulation phenotype observed for many different nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein knockouts hints that distinct energy systems are crucial at specific time points during mammalian development.
Coordination between patterning and morphogenesis ensures robustness during mouse development

The mammalian preimplantation embryo is a highly tractable, self-organizing developmental system in which three cell types are consistently specified without the need for maternal factors or extern...
Settler sidekick solidarity?: response to Lorenzo Veracini: ‘Is settler colonial studies even useful?’

Being neither a settler colonial studies practitioner nor among those who have accused it of being ‘useless’ or ‘detrimental to Indigenous struggles’, I approach the arguments Lorenzo Veracini refe...
LonelyText: A Short Messaging Based Classification of Loneliness.

Loneliness does not only have emotional implications on a person but also on his/her well-being. The study of loneliness has been challenging and largely inconclusive in findings because of the several factors that might correlate to the phenomenon. We present one approach to predicting this event by discovering patterns of language associated with loneliness. Our results show insights and promising directions for mining text from instant messaging to predict loneliness.
Adult Stem Cells and Possible Mechanisms of Its Differentiation ——Editorial

Adult stem cells are the multi-potential cells, which exist in fetal and adult tissues. It can reproduce itself (undergo self-renewal) or give rise to more specialized (differentiated) cells. Under certain inducing conditions, adult stem cells can acquire the ability to differentiate into different tissue cells. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC), an alternative name of adult stem cell given by Catherine Verfaillie, existing in bone marrow, can differentiate into cells with characteristics of mesodermal, neuroectodermal, and endodermal lineages in vitro at the single-cell level. MAPC can also contribute to most cell types when injected into the blastocyst. Adult stem cell differentiation implies that different cell lineages are derived from a single initial cell; all differentiated cell types are functional in vitro and in vivo; and engraftment is robust and persistent in the physiological and pathological situations. The possible mechanisms may underlie the differentiation: various tissue-specific stem cells are present in different organs; adult stem cells would be reprogrammed when removed from their usual microenvironment and introduced into a different niche that imparts signals to activate a novel genetic program needed for the new cell fate. And true multi-potential stem cells persist in postnatal life. In the future, multi-potent adult stem cells might then be used for therapies of degenerative or genetic disorders of multiple different organs.
Unlocking Approximations through Selective Source Code Transformations

Approximate computing has emerged as a powerful alternative to further reduce the power of integrated circuits (ICs). The main idea is to simplify the software or hardware circuit to trade off lower power with a certain output error. This work presents a method to unlock approximations that under traditional approaches would have been ignored. In particular, we focus on Variable to Variable (V2V) and Variable to Constant (V2C) approximations in behavioral descriptions for either embedded software or High-Level Synthesis (HLS). The main idea in V2V and V2C is to substitute the computation of a variable by either another variable computed previously in the code or a constant to trade-off code size or circuit size with output error. Although these approximations are very powerful, we observed that they rarely occur. To enable these powerful approximations, we propose an automatic source code refactoring method combined with the selective substitution of portions of the code with predictive models. To maximize the savings in terms of code size, area, or power, we also propose an automated search method that finds the smallest possible predictive model for a given error threshold. Experimental results targeting a TI MSP430 processor as well as HLS show that our proposed method is very effective.
An Examination of Elementary Classroom Dialogue: Implicit and Explicit Use of the NGSS Crosscutting Concepts in an Integrated STEM Unit

Recent national reforms focus on learning disciplinary core ideas through engaging in science and engineering practices. These reforms also call for students and teachers to use crosscutting concep...
Evaluating Homemaker-Home Health Aide Programs

The author discusses and illustrates various practice, administrative and planning uses of the Homemaker-Home Health Aide Program Evaluation Questionnaire for social workers and administrators. The questionnaire can be used to gather practice and administrative data relative to the quality and adequacy of homemaker-- home health aide services, the homemaker-patient relationship, and the extent to which homemaker services are achieving the objectives of the agency and patient.
The relationship between gender, perceived career barriers, and occupational aspirations

The relationships between college student gender, perceived career barriers, and occupational aspirations were examined. Participants were 314 students located in the southeastern United States. Overall, college women reported higher levels of occupational aspirations than college men. While occupational aspirations were not correlated with perceived career barriers for women or men, women reported anticipating more barriers to their career advancement than their male peers. Perceived career barriers and the interaction between gender and perceived career barriers predicted occupational aspirations after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and year in school. The relationship between occupational aspirations and the interaction between gender and perceived career barriers in college-age adults enhances our understanding of occupational aspirations.
The shoemaker's children: using wikis for information systems teaching, research, and publication

This paper argues that Web 2.0 tools, specifically wikis, have begun to influence business and knowledge sharing practices in many organizations. Information Systems researchers have spent considerable time exploring the impact and implications of these tools in organizations, but those same researchers have not spent sufficient time considering whether and how these new technologies may provide opportunities for us to reform our core practices of research, review, and teaching. To this end, this paper calls for the IS discipline to engage in two actions related to wikis and other Web 2.0 tools. First, the IS discipline ought to engage in critical reflection about how wikis and other Web 2.0 tools could allow us to conduct our core processes differently. Our existing practices were formulated during an era of paper-based exchange; wikis and other Web 2.0 tools may enable processes that could be substantively better. Nevertheless, users can appropriate information technology tools in unexpected ways, and even when tools are appropriated as expected there can be unintended negative consequences. Any potential changes to our core processes should, therefore, be considered critically and carefully, leading to our second recommended action. We advocate and describe a series of controlled experiments that will help assess the impact of these technologies on our core processes and the associated changes that would be necessary to use them. We argue that these experiments can provide needed information regarding Web 2.0 tools and related practice changes that could help the discipline better assess whether or not new practices would be superior to existing ones and under which circumstances.
If Beale Street Could Talk: Music, Community, Culture

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Robert Cantwell Year: 2008 Pages: 296 Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 978-0-252-03362-9 (hard cover).
Nitric oxide and the developmental remodeling of retinal connections in the brain.

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the nitric oxide (NO) and the development remoting of retinal connections in the brain. The involvement of the postsynaptic cells with changes in the connections of retinal axons suggests that the postsynaptic neurons communicate retrogradely with the axons. This retrograde signal in some way instructs the axons as to their proper connections. The nature of this retrograde signal is not known, but recent studies suggest that NO is involved. NO has characteristics that could allow it to function as a retrograde messenger in the developing visual system. In some brain cells, when N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, NO is synthesized and released. NO is a soluble gas and can diffuse across cell membranes without vesicle mediated release. In certain cells NO causes an increase in cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate levels. Retinal ganglion cells express a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-gated calcium channel responsive to NO suggesting that ganglion cells may respond to NO with an increase in intracellular calcium levels. An increase in intracellular calcium concentration has been shown to influence the extension and retraction of axons, activities that are essential to the refinement process.
Regulation of Mitogenesis by Water-Soluble Phospholipid Intermediates

Many recent observations implicate choline and ethanolamine kinases as well as phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C in the regulation of mitogenesis and carcinogenesis. For example, human cancers generally contain high concentrations of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine, and in different cell lines various growth factors, cytokines, oncogenes and chemical carcinogens were all shown to stimulate the formation of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine. In addition, other reports have appeared showing that both extracellular and intracellular phosphocholine as well as ethanolamine and its derivatives can regulate cell growth. This area of research has clearly arrived at a stage when it becomes important to examine critically the feasibility of water-soluble phospholipid intermediates serving as potential regulators of cell growth in vivo. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to summarise available information relating to the formation and mitogenic actions of intracellular and extracellular phosphocholine as well as ethanolamine and its derivatives.
Direct evidence for loss and replacement of projection neurons in adult canary brain

Normally occurring projection neuron loss and replacement were quantified over a 6 month period in the pathway from the high vocal center (HVC) to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) in adult male canaries. Fluorescent latex microspheres were injected into RA in April--a procedure resulting in long-term retrograde labeling of RA- projecting HVC neurons. Labeled cell densities were then obtained 4 and 20 d later in April and 195 d later in October. We found that 41–49% of the RA-projecting HVC neurons present the previous April were no longer present in October. Fluorogold injections in RA 3 d prior to death in April and October retrogradely labeled similar overall densities of RA- projecting HVC neurons, indicating that cells lost over this 6 month period were replaced by new RA-projecting HVC neurons. Newer cells were larger than older cells, suggesting that an age-dependent reduction in size might precede death. Over the same time interval, no loss was observed for neurons projecting from the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum to RA. Thus, loss was specific to the input from HVC to RA. These findings raise the possibility that much if not all of the pathway from HVC to RA is replaced within a year. The time period examined encompasses the yearly transition from stable song to song learning in the canary (Nottebohm et al., 1986, 1987). A pronounced loss and replacement of neurons implicated in vocal control during this period may relate to the canary's ability to modify song in adulthood.
Properties and location of poly(A) in Rous sarcoma virus RNA.

Abstract The poly(A) sequence of 30 to 40S Rous sarcoma virus RNA, prepared by digestion of the RNA with RNase T1, showed a rather homogenous electrophoretic distribution in formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Its size was estimated to be about 200 AMP residues. The poly(A) appears to be located at or near the 3′ end of the 30 to 40S RNA because: (i) it contained one adenosine per 180 AMP residues, and because (ii) incubation of 30 to 40S RNA with bacterial RNase H in the presence of poly(dT) removed its poly(A) without significantly affecting its hydrodynamic or electrophoretic properties in denaturing solvents. The viral 60 to 70S RNA complex was found to consist of 30 to 40S subunits both with (65%) and without (approximately 30%) poly(A). The heteropolymeric sequences of these two species of 30 to 40S subunits have the same RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide composition. Some, perhaps all, RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of 30 to 40S Rous sarcoma virus RNA appear to have a unique location relative to the poly(A) sequence, because the complexity of poly(A)-tagged fragments of 30 to 40S RNA decreased with decreasing size of the fragment. Two RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides which distinguish sarcoma virus Prague B RNA from that of a transformation-defective deletion mutant of the same virus appear to be associated with an 11S poly(A)-tagged fragment of Prague B RNA. Thus RNA sequences concerned with cell transformation seem to be located within 5 to 10% of the 3′ terminus of Prague B RNA.
Automated concurrency-bug fixing

Concurrency bugs are widespread in multithreaded programs. Fixing them is time-consuming and error-prone. We present CFix, a system that automates the repair of concurrency bugs. CFix works with a wide variety of concurrency-bug detectors. For each failure-inducing interleaving reported by a bug detector, CFix first determines a combination of mutual-exclusion and order relationships that, once enforced, can prevent the buggy interleaving. CFix then uses static analysis and testing to determine where to insert what synchronization operations to force the desired mutual-exclusion and order relationships, with a best effort to avoid deadlocks and excessive performance losses. CFix also simplifies its own patches by merging fixes for related bugs.Evaluation using four different types of bug detectors and thirteen real-world concurrency-bug cases shows that CFix can successfully patch these cases without causing deadlocks or excessive performance degradation. Patches automatically generated by CFix are of similar quality to those manually written by developers.
Purification of Rat Heart and Rat Liver Citrate Synthases PHYSICAL, KINETIC, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES

Abstract The citrate synthases from rat heart and rat liver have been purified. These homogeneous proteins have a molecular weight of about 1 x 105 and are composed of 2 apparently identical subunits. Kinetic constants for acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate and the Ki for ATP are the same for both enzymes. Immunological studies using antibody to the rat heart enzyme also indicate that the enzymes are identical.