cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TEMPORAL CORRELATION OF METADATA ERRORS FOR COMMERCIAL SATELLITE IMAGES: REPRESENTATION AND EFFECTS ON STEREO EXTRACTION ACCURACY

Abstract. Extraction of ground points using a basic stereo pair of commercial satellite electro-optical images typically yields vertical errors much smaller than expected. In particular, the magnitude of vertical errors relative to horizontal errors is significantly smaller than expected based on imaging geometry (convergence angle, etc.) alone. This paper suggests that temporal correlation or similarity of metadata (sensor position, attitude) errors between two same-pass images is the major cause of this phenomenon. It discusses the sources of temporal correlation, how it can be represented, and how an optimal ground point extraction algorithm detailed in the paper uses this representation in order to provide the best possible 3D location and corresponding 3 x 3 error covariance for reliable predicted solution accuracy. This paper also provides an estimate for temporal correlation, approximately 0.70 (70%), and explains how this value was derived based on the ratio of measured 0.9 p vertical errors to measured 0.9 p horizontal errors compiled over many stereo pairs and ground truth points as described in various papers in the literature. As demonstrated in this paper, based on simulation and error propagation for typical stereo geometry, if this correlation is not accounted for, predicted 0.9 p vertical error is approximately 60% too large. Knowledge of temporal correlation is essential for reliable stereo accuracy prediction as well as proper modeling of a priori metadata uncertainty in the support of metadata adjustment in a value-added process, such as registration to sparse control or a block adjustment.
Adrenal medullary adaptations and cardiovascular regulation after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment in rats.

Experiments were conducted to assess the pattern of activation of adrenal medullary adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NA) chromaffin cells following damage to sympathetic neurons with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA, 100 mg/kg per day for 7 days, s.c.). 6-HDA treatment resulted in a sustained elevation in urinary ADR excretion, suggesting that the adrenal medulla was continuously stimulated. Further evidence of neural stimulation of the adrenal medulla was demonstrated by a persistent elevation of adrenal medullary dopamine (DA) content, an indicator of catecholamine synthesis. The increase in synthetic rate was associated with a significantly augmented medullary NA and ADR content. However, NA content was elevated after only 1 day of treatment, whereas, ADR became elevated after the second day, a finding that suggests a differential activation of the two populations of chromaffin cells. Cardiac and kidney NA contents were reduced by 97 and 87%, respectively, and BP increments to stimulation of the thoracolumbar spinal cord of pithed rats (0.5 to 16 Hz) were attenuated by more than 75% by 6-HDA. Moreover, the residual BP responses were abolished by adrenalectomy. Thus the results indicate that the changes in adrenal CA disposition may be related to a greater reliance upon the adrenal medulla to maintain blood pressure (BP) following damage to sympathetic neurons, and further, the findings are consistent with the possibility that ADR and NA chromaffin cells are separately controlled.
Neuraminidase associated with measles virus

Abstract No neuraminidase activity was found in highly concentrated measles virus preparations. Enzyme activity previously reported has been attributed to a latent virus.
The evolving role of HER2 evaluation for diagnosis and clinical decision making for breast and gastric adenocarcinoma

Clinical laboratory testing for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in patients with newly diagnosed breast and gastric cancer is critically important for therapeutic decisions about adjuvant treatment. The HER2 pathway is a major molecular driver of disease progression in a subset of these solid tumors and the results of HER2 testing determine which patients are likely to respond to an expanding variety of therapies that target this important biologic pathway. Given the significant clinical impact of these test results on patient management and adjuvant treatment decisions, standardization of the assay for HER2 and assured reliability of these results are critical. We review highlights of the clinical rationale that underlies HER2 testing for both breast and gastric carcinomas, and describe some of the challenges associated with ensuring accurate test results.
Effects of Fibrin Surface on Coagulation of Blood

RECENT reports1,2 suggest that fibrin surfaces have an anticoagulant effect. One theory3 concerning blood coagulation proposes a continuous physiological process of intravascular fibrin deposition and spontaneous lysis. If a fibrin surface is anticoagulant and if the vessels are normally lined with a thin fibrin layer, the therapeutic use of fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of thrombosis might result in the undesired effect of increasing blood coagulability. These considerations led us to re-investigate the in vitro effects of fibrin on blood coagulation. The results demonstrate that fibrin has no clot-inhibiting effect but rather a clot-promoting action similar to ‘foreign effect’ of glass4,5.
Competition among Sympatric Erythroneura Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on America Sycamore

Eight species of leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in the genus Erythroneura (maculata group) breed on the American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis L.; several of these species occur sympatrically in many areas throughout the range of their host plant. The eight species are E. arta Beamer, E. bella McAtee, E. hymettana Knull, E. ingrata Beamer, E. lawsoni Robinson, E. morgani (DeLong), E. torella Robinson, and E. usitata Beamer. Population densities of these leafhoppers in mid—September reached an average of 72 adults per 10 leaves at the West Vienna site in southern Illinois USA. This was 28 time greater than at the Golconda site approximately 48.3 km away where weather severely reduced spring population levels. By early August at West Vienna food resources at the customary feeding sites, within 2 mm distance of the main veins, had been 95% depleted. This apparent food shortage was experienced by 86% of the total leafhoppers collected during the year. By mid—September the total leaf surface area util...
Experiment and lattice Boltzmann simulation of two-phase gas–liquid flows in microchannels

Abstract The two-phase flows in microchannels have many advantages in heat and mass transfer compared to single-phase flows. In particular, segmented flows such as bubbly and slug flows are often used in microfluidic devices. In the present study, experiments and Lattice Boltzmann simulations were carried out to study the gas–liquid flow in microchannels under various conditions. Two types of mixer geometries were used, including the cross-shape and the converging shape channels. The bubble shape, bubble size, and formation mechanism were investigated for different flow rates and different mixer geometries. The simulation results and the experimental results were compared based on dimensionless numbers, and good agreement was found in general. Different flow regimes with different bubble shapes were found depending on the Capillary number of the flow. The simulation data confirmed that the breakup was induced by the pressure difference in the two phases for small Capillary numbers. The geometry of the mixing section was also observed to have an impact on the size of the gas and liquid slugs.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMON FOODS FOR REDUCTION OF CAPSAICIN BURN

. Capsaicin burn was induced by a one percent solution of Tabasco TM sauce in spring water. Four foods, rice, water, butter, and pineapple juice, warmed to 35°C, were used to reduce the burn. A no food treatment was used as a control. Subjects recorded perceived burn intensity by placing slash marks on line scales at set time intervals throughout the tests. Burn was significantly reduced while the foods were in the mouth but increased after the foods were expectorated. The decreased burn may be due to the very presence of a food in the mouth.
Ceo Tenure As a Determinant of Ceo Pay

Our hypotheses were that the influence of chief executive officers (CEOs) over boards of directors and the likelihood that the CEOs' compensation packages will reflect their preferences increase wi...
Alcman's 'Cosmogonic Fragment (Fr. 5 Page, 81 Calame)

In 1957, Edgar Lobel published an Oxyrhynchus papyrus (P. Oxy. 2390) containing anonymous commentaries to poems of Alcman which has not ceased to fascinate philologists and historians of ancient philosophy.
Commentary on an article by Eric W. Edmonds, MD: "How displaced are 'nondisplaced' fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle in children? Results of a three-dimensional computed tomography analysis".

In this paper, the author assesses the extent of displacement of a medial epicondylar fracture of the distal end of the humerus in eleven skeletally immature patients, using both radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. One fracture was identified as being a medial condylar fracture and was excluded; another fracture was nondisplaced on both the radiograph and CT scan and so did not contribute to the data about displacement. In the remaining nine fractures, the author was able to measure anterior displacement on only one of the lateral radiographs, whereas CT scans demonstrated an average of 8.8 mm of anterior displacement of these fractures. Medial displacement measured an average of 3.9 mm on anteroposterior radiographs compared with an average of 0.3 mm on CT scans. Internal oblique radiographs provided a measure of displacement similar to the anterior displacement seen on CT scans of two patients, but underestimated the displacement in three others. The author concluded that radiographs often do not provide an accurate measure of displacement for medial …
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia following initial treatment with chemotherapy plus radioimmunotherapy for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (I-NHL) often receive multiple courses of cytotoxic chemotherapy over several years. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has become an important part of treatment for relapsed patients and tositumomab/lodine I-131 tositumomab is a promising regimen currently being incorporated into first-line therapy. While treatment-related myelodysplasia (tMDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (tAML) are well-known, poor-prognosis complications of conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, they have not been previously observed as a consequence of initial treatment with RIT-based regimens. We describe four patients with tMDS/tAML who received a sequential chemotherapy and tositumomab/lodine I-131 tositumomab program as their initial and only lymphoma treatment. Our findings suggest that the potential risk of these important complications must be considered in the development of this novel therapeutic strategy in the first-line setting.
Magnetic drum recording of digital data

MAGNETIC recording has attained an important position in the field of digital data storage because of its simplicity and economy. Information is handled in binary form, requiring a discrimination between only two states. These states correspond to two opposite senses of saturation, and new information is then merely recorded over that previously contained, erasing being unnecessary. This paper is primarily concerned with the development of a useful mathematical description of the process of magnetic recording of binary information. A concept of this process is developed which furnishes an analytical basis for design evaluation. While a large part of the following is applicable to binary storage on a continuous magnetic medium in general, the paper is specifically concerned with a magnetic drum unit using a ring-type magnetic recording head, wherein the type of magnetization is referred to as longitudinal. This is at present the most common form for a magnetic drum memory system.
Intrinsic diffusion and vacancy flow effects in vanadium-titanium alloys

Intrinsic diffusion coefficients and vacancy flow parameters have been determined in the vanadium-titanium system from 900 to 1500°C. The experimental results reflect a greater influence of the vacancy flow phenomenon on the intrinsic flux of each species than that predicted on the basis of the random alloy model. The principal assumptions of the random alloy model are that a single vacancy mechanism is the operative diffusion mechanism and that all diffusing species find themselves in random environments with the absence of preferred sites for either atoms or vacancies. Solvent diffusivity enhancement calculations have been performed, however, and suggest that existence of two compcting, vacancy mechanisms in this system. The observed discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values are examined in light of the occurrence of a combined monovacancy-divacancy mechanism. In addition, other nonrandom effects are discussed which result in violations of the random alloy model assumptions and which lead to differences between theoretical and experimental quantities.
Local perineal implants of anti-androgen block masculinization of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus.

Abstract Female rats were injected with testosterone propionate on the 1st and 3rd days of life. In addition, some females received 200 μg of the anti-androgen, hydroxyflutamide. Females receiving anti-androgen directly to the perineum, including the muscles bulbocavernosus and levator ani, had fewer surviving spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) motoneurons than did females receiving the anti-androgen systemically. These results indicate that androgen acts upon the target muscles to spare developing SNB motoneurons from death.
Imposed intelligibility and strong claims concerning cognitive systems.

The computational hypothesis was formulated with due concern for limits and is consistent with imposed intelligibility- doctrines. Theories are products of scientific work that impose human classifications and formalisms on nature. The claim that "cognitive agents are dynamical systems" is untenable. Dynamical formalisms imposed on a natural system, given an approximate fit, serve as an explanatory framework and render a represented system predictable and intelligible.
Partial generalization of (−)DOM to fluvoxamine in the rat: implications for SSRI-induced mania and psychosis

Recent reports have implicated selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in the induction of psychosis and mania when SSRIs are given in combination with neuroleptics. We hypothesize that the partial substitution of fluvoxamine for the hallucinogen, (fi)DOM, in the rat provides evidence for a 5-HT # -mediated eect of fluvoxamine which may in turn account for the adverse eects observed in humans. Male Fischer-344 rats were trained with (fi)DOM (0.56 mg}kg) as a discriminative stimulus using standard operant procedures. Tests of generalization were then conducted with fluvoxamine either alone or in combination with the 5-HT "A antagonist, WAY-100635, the 5-HT # antagonist, pirenperone, and the neuroleptics, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, loxapine, risperidone, and clozapine. In rats trained with (fi)DOM, fluvoxamine at a dose of 20 mg}kg yielded a maximum 58% (fi)DOM-appropriate response. This partial generalization was potentiated by treatment with WAY-100635 and antagonized by pirenperone, loxapine, risperidone, and clozapine. The present data are compatible with a 5-HT # -mediated eect of fluvoxamine which may play a role in SSRI-induced mania and psychosis. It is predicted by the results of this study that the probability of these adverse eects will be increased by the concurrent use of antagonists at 5-HT "A receptors and decreased by neuroleptics with antagonistic activity at 5-HT # receptors. Received 8 February 1999; Reviewed 29 March 1999; Revised 28 April 1999; Accepted 11 May 1999
An integrated platform for surface forces measurements and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

We describe an apparatus to measure the diffusion of dilute fluorophores in molecularly thin liquid films within a surface forces apparatus (SFA). The design is a significant modification of the traditional SFA in that it allows one to combine nanorheology with the single-molecule sensitive technique of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The primary enabling idea was to place a miniaturized SFA onto the stage of an optical microscope equipped with a long working distance objective and illuminated by a femtosecond laser. A secondary enabling idea was that the silver coating on the backside of mica, normally used in the traditional SFA design for interferometric measurements of the film thickness, was replaced by multilayer dielectric coatings that allowed simultaneous interferometry and fluorescence measurements in different regions of the optical spectrum. To illustrate the utility of this instrument, we contrast the translational diffusion of rhodamine dye molecules (in the solvent, 1,2-propane diol)...
Simulation of Density-Driven Frictional Downslope Flow in Z-Coordinate Ocean Models

Abstract An important component of the ocean’s thermohaline circulation is the sinking of dense water from continental shelves to abyssal depths. Such downslope flow is thought to be a consequence of bottom stress retarding the alongslope flow of density-driven plumes. In this paper the authors explore the potential for explicitly simulating this simple mechanism in z-coordinate models. A series of experiments are performed using a twin density-coordinate model simulation as a standard of comparison. The adiabatic nature of the experiments and the importance of bottom slope make it more likely that the density-coordinate model will faithfully reproduce the solution. The difficulty of maintaining the density signal as the plume descends the slope is found to be the main impediment to accurate simulation in the z-coordinate model. The results of process experiments suggest that the model solutions will converge when the z-coordinate model has sufficient vertical resolution to resolve the bottom viscous laye...
The important role of physical activity in skeletal development: how exercise may counter low calcium intake

Skeletal development requires reasonable intakes of all the nutrients required by bone tissue, but energy and protein are critical for attainment of growth commensurate with hereditary determinants. Although clearly important for skeletal development, the amounts of calcium needed for optimizing skeletal mass and size remain difficult to determine. Many children in both developed and developing nations gain near-optimal skeletal mass and size with low calcium intakes, without adverse effects. A currently missing determinant in most considerations of requirements by nutritionists is the lifestyle variable of physical activity. In this perspective, I attempt to incorporate the role of activity into the thinking about calcium requirements in the early stages of the life cycle, ie, the first 2 decades of life. Even though cells of soft tissues have essential needs for calcium ions to support life, the body’s clearly overwhelming quantitative need for calcium resides in its skeletal utilization, not in its soft tissue uses. A greater bone mass gained early in life is now considered a critical factor in protecting against osteoporotic fractures later in life. The critical years for skeletal growth and accumulation of bone mass lie in the prepubertal and pubertal decade beginning at <10 y in girls (1).
TVNViewer: An interactive visualization tool for exploring networks that change over time or space

Summary: The relationship between genes and proteins is a dynamic relationship that changes across time and differs in different cells. The study of these differences can reveal various insights into biological processes and disease progression, especially with the aid of proper tools for network visualization. Toward this purpose, we have developed TVNViewer, a novel visualization tool, which is specifically designed to aid in the exploration and analysis of dynamic networks. Availability: TVNViewer is freely available with documentation and tutorials on the web at http://sailing.cs.cmu.edu/tvnviewer. Contact: ude.umc.sc@gnixpe
PARAMETER ESTIMATION BY CURVE-FITTING TECHNIQUES AND THE METHOD OF MOMENTS

(1974). PARAMETER ESTIMATION BY CURVE-FITTING TECHNIQUES AND THE METHOD OF MOMENTS. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 187-189.
Postmenopausal hormone use and lens opacities.

purpose Women are at higher risk for age-related cataract than men, and it has been hypothesized that this difference is due in part to gender-related hormonal differences. methods We investigated the association between postmenopausal hormone use and lens opacities in a population of 480 postmenopausal women from the Nurses' Health Study for whom we had prospectively collected exposure data. Participants received standardized eye exams; the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III) was used to measure the degree of opacification. results A total of 342 women had some opacity in one or both eyes. Overall, we did not observe a significant association between current hormone use and presence of any type of opacity (compared to never users, multivariate relative risk: 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54–1.34). In ordinal logistic regression compared to never users, current hormone users had multivariate relative risks of cortical opacities of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.54–1.19) and for past users the relat...
Consumption of dairy products and the risk of breast cancer: a review of the literature

Differences in eating patterns and breast cancer rates across countries suggest that several dietary components, including dairy products, could affect breast cancer risk. However, dairy products are a diverse food group in terms of the factors that could potentially influence risk. Some dairy products, such as whole milk and many types of cheese, have a relatively high saturated fat content, which may increase risk. Moreover, milk products may contain contaminants such as pesticides, which have carcinogenic potential, and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor I, which have been shown to promote breast cancer cell growth. In contrast, the calcium and vitamin D contents of dairy products have been hypothesized to reduce breast cancer risk. We reviewed the current epidemiologic literature on the relation between dairy product intakes and breast cancer risk, focusing primarily on the results of cohort and case-control studies. Most of the studies reviewed showed no consistent pattern of increased or decreased breast cancer risk with a high consumption of dairy products as a whole or when broken down into high-fat and low-fat dairy products, milk, cheese, or butter. Measurement error may have attenuated any modest association with dairy products. The available epidemiologic evidence does not support a strong association between the consumption of milk or other dairy products and breast cancer risk.
WIGNER FUNCTION IN THE SYMMETRIC GAUGE: DE HAAS-VAN ALPHEN OSCILLATIONS, MAGNETIC FIELD LOCALIZATION AND UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

Since the Wigner function (WF) is related to a Lindard-constant type linear dielectric function derived in the symmetric gauge,7 it is expected to show de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations. Starting with the symmetric eigenfunctions, we derived the pure-state WF in a magnetic field, whose plots in phase space and in term of B-1 for increasing n are consistent with the dHvA effect. Furthermore the asymptotic expansion of WF at large n show periodic oscillations with a period related to the Fermi energy. The phase space plots of WF also show that dHvA and similar oscillations could be a consequence of Nature's strategy for increasing the effective spatial range without violating the uncertainty principle. Properties of the symmetric eigenfunctions were derived. The dynamics of WF can be obtained from the solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (SE). A new method to solve the SE in a magnetic field in the interaction picture based on expansion in term of symmetric eigenfunctions has been developed. The matrix element for a Gaussian potential were derived explicitly, plotted against B-1, and showed oscillations. The total WF was shown to be a linear combination of the diagonal pure-state WF's by using the orthogonality for symmetric eigenfunctions. The no-special-point property for WF was confirmed, which is important for the construction of a numerical algorithm to solve the SE in a magnetic field.
The radionuclide assessment of pre-natally diagnosed hydronephrosis

Objective To determine if a pre-operative non-invasive radionuclide study can predict the results on surgery in infants with pre-natally diagnosed hydronephrosis. Patients and methods Eight male infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis were treated by pyeloplasty within the first 4 months of life. All infants underwent a pre-operative diuresis renogram and a dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan, followed by a further renogram 6 months after surgery to assess renal function an drainage. Results There was a significant difference between the resutls of the relative renal function estimates obtained by the pre-operative renogram and the pre-operative DMSA scan (P=0.001). In all patients the recovery in renal function following surgery was accurately predicted by the pre-operative DMSA scan. Conclusion The results of this preliminary study suggest that a pre-operative DMSA scan could replace the use of invasive nephrostomy drainage to assess the potential for recovery in the poorly functioning neonatal kidney and give an indication of those kidneys most likely to benefit from recontructive surgery.
Effectiveness and safety of a sonic vibratory endodontic instrument.

An air-driven sonic vibratory handpiece to which specially designed K-type files are attached has been developed. When activated, the root canal instruments will vibrate in a whirling motion, and when moved up and down, will abrade the root canal wall. The sonic system was tested in simulated root canals in plastic blocks and in usage tests in dogs' teeth. Forty-nine roots in 3 dogs were divided into 3 groups. Two of the groups were instrumented with the sonic device under continuous irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl or 15% EDTA. The 3rd group was treated with conventional chemomechanical instrumentation and 2.5% NaOGl. The teeth were then extracted, fixed and split in a longitudinal direction and the root canals examined in the scanning electron microscope. After hand instrumentation and sonic instrumentation using NaOCl for irrigation, the canal wall was covered by a smear layer and dentin chips and occasional tissue remnants were seen. An extraoral fine mist of NaOCl was seen during continuous irrigation with this medicament, causing eye soreness in the operator. Continuous irrigation with EDTA during sonic instrumentation removed the smear layer and gave clean canal walls. The vibratory files appeared safe and size 20 followed curved canals well. The effectiveness of the sonic device was similar to hand instrumentation. It considerably improved the ease and, to some extent, the speed of root canal instrumentation.
Verification of recovered software architectures

A common technique employed by software developers is the use of log files to generate traces of observed software behavior. As a resource for reverse engineering, a log file has the advantage of being an accurate account of software behavior. Model checking approaches work by using exploration to determine whether certain safety and liveness conditions are satisfied by a finite-state model. In this paper we describe an approach that combines the use of model checking and log file analysis to facilitate verification of recovered models.
Are cultures endangered by climate change? Yes, but ...

Culture, from an anthropological perspective, encompasses all learned and shared aspects of life in human societies. Included is not only ‘high culture’—the arts and literature—but also science, technology, and more practical, everyday activities and beliefs: how to plant a potato or pray for rain, to seek good luck in battle or on exams at school. Cultures are not static; they change in response to wars, plagues, new inventions—as well as to environmental and climate variability. Here we look at some of the ‘rules’ of culture, in order to explore the extent to which climate change seriously threatens cultural diversity. The most popular examples of climate change impacts on human societies focus on remote communities in the Arctic or on tropical islands, but we need to keep in mind that the fossil fuel dependent lifeways of those of us residing in the industrialized temperate zones are perhaps even more endangered, and certainly less sustainable.  2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. How to cite this article:
Fault accommodation of a class of multivariable nonlinear dynamical systems using a learning approach

Presents a learning approach for accommodating faults occurring in a class of nonlinear multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) dynamical systems. Changes in the system dynamics due to a fault are modeled as unknown nonlinear functions of the measurable state variables. The closed-loop stability of the robust fault accommodation scheme is established using Lyapunov redesign methods. A simulation example, based on a model of a jet engine compression system, is used to illustrate the fault accommodation design procedure.
Programming Concepts for the GeMSAEC Rapid Photometric Analyzer

Programming in a modified conversational interpretive language such as FOCAL provides the flexibility that is desirable when using the GeMSAEC Analyzer to develop analytical methods. Three approaches to the problems of interfacing the GeMSAEC Analyzer to a PDP-8/I computer and the modifications required to the FOCAL language are briefly summarized. The configurations of the computers and peripheral devices are: a 4K PDP-8/I with 32K disk and X-Y plotter, an 8K PDP-8/I with two 32K disks and storage oscilloscope, and an 8K PDP-8/I with cartridge tape storage and a refreshed oscilloscope display.
Fine structure of the tracheoles of the lantern of a photurid firefly.

The lantern tracheoles of the firefly, Photuris, are unusual in that their walls are reinforced by cuticular bars. The tracheoles are stiff and resist collapse under conditions which flatten more typical tracheoles. This reinforcement and the structural resemblance of the tracheal end cell to cells considered to be active in moving ions and fluid is taken as evidence suggesting that the flash may be turned on and off by control of the oxygen supply and that said control may involve some sort of osmotic mechanism.
Protecting Receiver-Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the open nature of a sensor network, it is relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop and trace packet movement in the network in order to capture the receiver physically. After studying the adversary's behavior patterns, we present countermeasures to this problem. We propose a location-privacy routing protocol (LPR) that is easy to implement and provides path diversity. Combining with fake packet injection, LPR is able to minimize the traffic direction information that an adversary can retrieve from eavesdropping. By making the directions of both incoming and outgoing traffic at a sensor node uniformly distributed, the new defense system makes it very hard for an adversary to perform analysis on locally gathered information and infer the direction to which the receiver locates. We evaluate our defense system based on three criteria: delivery time, privacy protection strength, and energy cost. The simulation results show that LPR with fake packet injection is capable of providing strong protection for the receiver's location privacy. Under similar energy cost, the safe time of the receiver provided by LPR is much longer than other methods, including Phantom routing (Kamat et al., 2005) and DEFP (Deng et al., 2005). The performance of our system can be tuned through a couple of parameters that determine the tradeoff between energy cost and the strength of location-privacy protection.
Two-Port Vector Network Analyzer Measurements Up to 508 GHz

We present new results for a two-port vector network analyzer swept-frequency test set for the 325-508 GHz frequency band. The calibrated dynamic range performance in the full frequency band is discussed. Using a line-reflect-line calibration procedure, the dynamic ranges for return and insertion losses of better than 20 and 35 dB, respectively, are achieved. We examine the performance of the calibrated test set for the first time by measuring S-parameters of passive waveguide components and comparing data with electromagnetic simulations.
Adaptive Scheduling of Prioritized Traffic in IEEE 802.16j Wireless Networks

In this paper we propose an adaptive scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.16j based wireless broadband networks. Computation of an optimal schedule for prioritized traffic in OFDMA based IEEE 802.16 wireless network is an NP-Hard problem. Hence, we propose a scheduling heuristic for an OFDMA based WiMAX relay network. The ORS (OFDMA Relay Scheduler) heuristic computes the zone boundaries (relay and access) in an uplink scheduling frame based on the number of RSs and MSs, the bandwidth demands and the link conditions. The ORS heuristic determines a schedule which assigns subchannels and timeslots to prioritized traffic based on the demand for various nodes while implementing frequency selectivity. The ORS adapts zone boundaries and the schedule to link and demand conditions at every scheduling period. We perform extensive simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of adaptive zone scheduling and changes in rate conditions for various topologies.
Cordylancistrus santarosensis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a new species with unique snout deplatation from the Río Santa Rosa, Ecuador

Cordylancistrus santarosensis is described based on five specimens from the Rio Santa Rosa, Ecuador. This species can be distinguished from all other members of the Chaetostoma group by having plates on the tip of the snout (except for a central region at the extreme anterior edge), but lacking plates laterally on the head. This snout plating condition is intermediate between the fully plated snout of other Cordylancistrus and the unplated snout of Chaetostoma.
Honest Services Update: Directors' Liability after Skilling and Black

Honest services law was dramatically altered in 2010 when the USSC issued three rulings, of which 2 (Skilling and Black) directly impact on director liability. This article examines director liability after these two cases redefine what honest services fraud may be, and how this impacts on accountability.
Clinical profiles and correlates of mortality in nonagenarians with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the current standard for nonoperable and high-risk surgical patients with aortic stenosis, including those of advanced age. However, the clinical profiles, procedural characteristics, and outcomes of nonagenarians undergoing TAVR have not been thoroughly reported. Methods A total of 654 patients (n = 107 >90 years old and n=547 Results Overall, of the patients included, 46% were high risk and 53% inoperable. Although nonagenarians had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score of 9.2 ± 4 (12.1 ± 4 vs 8.6 ± 4, P P = .008), hyperlipidemia (65% vs 83%, P P 2 , P P = .03), pacemaker implantation after TAVR (HR 6.87, 95% CI 2.32-20.3, P = .001), and peripheral vascular disease (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.03-5.38, P = .042). Mortality at 30 days (12.1% vs 7.1%, P = .07) and at 1 year (25% vs 21%, P = .35) was similar between groups. Conclusion Nonagenarians undergoing TAVR had a healthier clinical profile compared with younger patients. Age alone should not be a discriminatory factor when screening elderly patients with aortic stenosis because even the nonagenarians are doing well when compared with the younger elderly population. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains a viable option for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis for the elderly regardless of their age.
Luxol fast blue MBS: a stain for phase contrast microscopy.

A staining method to increase the contrast of sectioned material for phase contrast microscopy is described. Two stock solutions of the stain are required. The first is made by dissolving 2 gm of luxol fast blue MBS in 100 ml of 95% ethanol. The second solution is made up of 4 ml of a 29% aqueous solution of FeCl3, 95 ml of 95% ethanol, and 1 ml of concentrated HCl. The staining solution is made by mixing equal parts of the two solutions. Sections are deparaffinized and taken to 70% alcohol, stained for 1.5 hr, dehydrated, cleared and covered as usual.
Ursachen der Proteinkalorien-Mangelernährung*

In developed countries, medical conditions, rather than lack of food, are the main contributors to malnutrition. Undernutrition is especially common in older persons, occurring in 5-12% of community-dwelling older persons, in 30-61% of hospitalized older persons, and in 40-85% of persons in long-term care institutions. The multi-factorial nature of undernutrition in the elderly forces a structured differential diagnostic approach to determine underlying causes. Heightened physician awareness of nutritional problems and prompt risk assessment is imperative to prevent the sequelae of undernutrition. This structured approach to the differential diagnosis is essential to evaluate potentially reversible causes of malnutrition.
On the Validity of Certain Approximations Used in the Modeling of Nuclear EMP

In legacy codes developed for the modeling of EMP, multiple scattering of Compton electrons has typically been modeled by the obliquity factor. A recent publication has examined this approximation in the context of the generated Compton current [W. A. Farmer and A. Friedman, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sc. 62, 1695 (2015)]. Here, this previous analysis is extended to include the generation of the electromagnetic fields. Obliquity factor predictions are compared with Monte-Carlo models. In using a Monte-Carlo description of scattering, two distributions of scattering angles are considered: Gaussian and a Gaussian with a single-scattering tail. Additionally, legacy codes also neglect the radial derivative of the backward-traveling wave for computational efficiency. The neglect of this derivative improperly treats the backward-traveling wave. These approximations are examined in the context of a high-altitude burst, and it is shown that in comparison to more complete models, the discrepancy between field amplitudes is roughly two to three percent and between rise-times, 10%. Further, it is concluded that the biggest factor in determining the rise time of the signal is not the dynamics of the Compton current, but is instead the conductivity.
Examining professionalisation in public procurement by ranking practitioner job positions according to job activities

Similar to public administration over the last couple of decades, public procurement is trying to define itself as a profession. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a framework for analysing job positions within the occupation of public procurement and to examine the field's potential for professionalisation. The data originates from a survey of public procurement practitioners administered by the Universal Public Procurement Certification Council (UPPCC) that is intended to obtain information with regards to task and knowledge areas. Distinctions can be made between job positions that serve to rank order public procurement practitioners, which may eventually lead to an argument for professionalising the occupation. The job activities performed and managed in perhaps the fastest growing occupation within the public sector are catalogued in this study. Furthermore, practitioner membership to professional associations and attainment of certifications are analysed to test for the advent of professionalisation across job positions.
Anti-Corrosion Protection of Low Surface Treatment Coatings on Transmission Tower

Rusty galvanized plates and iron plates were coated by four kinds of aqueous paints and one kind of oily paint,and the adhesion performance and corrosion resistance of these coatings were analyzed by adhesion test and acid rain soaking test. Moreover,the anti-corrosion performance of several kinds of low surface treatment coatings on transmission towers was compared. Results showed that the oily paint had better anti-corrosion performance than those aqueous paints. These rusty paints had excellent adhesion performance and corrosion resistance,showing a promising development in future.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum of Penile and Scrotal Skin

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum is a unique cutaneous ulceration with characteristic clinical features. Although pyoderma gangrenosum may occur on any area of the body it is most commonly found on the lower extremities. Involvement of the external genitalia is rare. We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum involving the penile and scrotal skin associated with ulcerative colitis. The cutaneous genital lesions were the major presenting manifestations of an underlying chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Determination of copper, iron, and nickel in oils and fats by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: summary of collaborative study

A collaborative study of a method for the determination of copper, iron, and nickel in edible oils and fats by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was recently conducted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The quantitation limits of the method are 5 micrograms/kg for copper and 10 micrograms/kg for iron and nickel. The method has been adopted official first action as an IUPAC-AOAC method.
Progress in the Design of Rectennas

AbstractThis paper reviews the progress in the design of rectennas which are used to collect and rectify the microwave energy at the receiving end of a microwave beam power transmission system. A new lightweight rectenna which provides 20 watts of power but weighs only 20 grams is described. Future trends in construction are discussed.
Enhanced IL-6 Production by Bone Marrow Derived Dendritic Cells from Lupus-Prone Mice Inhibits CD4+CD25+ T Cell Mediated Suppression.

The B6. Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 triple congenic mouse (B6.TC) is a model of lupus due to the co-expression of the three major NZM2410-derived susceptibility loci on a C57BL/6 background. B6.TC mice produce high titers of anti-nuclear nephrogenic autoantibodies and a highly penetrant glomerulonephritis. Previous studies have shown the Sle1 locus is associated with a reduced number of regulatory T cells (T reg ), and that Sle3 results in intrinsic defects in myeloid cells that hyperactivate T cells. Here, we show that B6.TC dendritic cells (DCs) accumulate in lymphoid organs and present a defective maturation process, in which bone-marrow derived DCs, plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs express a significantly lower level of CD80, CD86 and class II MHC than B6 controls. B6.TC DCs also induce a higher level of proliferation in CD4 + T cells than B6 DCs, and B6.TC DCs block the suppressive activity of T reg . B6.TC DCs over-produce IL-6, which is necessary for the blockade of T reg activity, as shown by anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody in the suppression assays. The over-production of IL-6 by DCs and the blockade of T reg activity maps to Sle1 , which therefore not only confers a reduced number of T reg , but also blocks their ability to regulate autoreactive T cells. Taken together, these results provide a genetic and mechanistic evidence for systemic autoimmunity resulting from an impaired regulatory T cell compartment both in number and function, and for Sle1 -expressing DCs playing a major role in the latter defect though their production of IL-6.
An RNAi Therapeutic Targeting Antithrombin Increases Thrombin Generation in Nonhuman Primates

Abstract 3370 The hemostatic system balances the need to control blood loss with the need to prevent thrombosis. In hemophilia, the loss of certain procoagulant factors (Factor VIII (FVIII) and Factor IX (FIX), in the case of hemophilia A and B, respectively) results in an imbalance of the hemostatic system toward a bleeding phenotype. Interestingly, there have been reports suggesting that coinheritance of prothrombotic mutations (e.g. Factor V Leiden, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, prothrombin G20210A) may ameliorate the clinical phenotype in hemophilia. We are currently investigating the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to target the natural anticoagulant antithrombin (AT) as strategy to rebalance the hemostatic system and improve thrombin generation in hemophilia. Previously, a short interfering RNA (siRNA), ALN-AT3, employing a hepatocyte targeting ligand was developed against AT and demonstrated potent activity in both wild-type and hemophilia mice after single subcutaneous (SC) administration (ED50 ∼ 1 mg/kg). Further, treatment of hemophilia mice with ALN-AT3 has resulted in normalization of thrombin generation. In this work, we investigate the ability of ALN-AT3 to silence AT, and consequently, increase thrombin generation in nonhuman primates. A single SC administration of ALN-AT3 in nonhuman primates resulted in dose-dependent reductions of plasma AT of 50%, 70%, and 80% at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Maximum AT reduction was achieved at approximately Day 15 post-administration. The duration of action was persistent, with >50% AT reduction maintained for over 40 days after a single SC dose of 10 mg/kg. All doses were well tolerated, with no injection site reactions, liver enzyme elevations, or changes in hematology parameters observed. To test the hypothesis that AT reduction results in an increase in thrombin generation, plasma samples were collected from animals at various time points and analyzed for thrombin generation using a Calibrated Automated Thrombinoscope (CAT). CAT assay results demonstrated that AT reduction was correlated with increased thrombin generation, with up to 4-fold increases in peak thrombin noted. Increases in thrombin generation capacity were persistent and decreased back to baseline levels as AT protein levels recovered to baseline levels. These data suggest that the use of a novel RNAi therapeutic targeting AT is a promising approach for the treatment of hemophilia, and potentially, other bleeding disorders. Further, the SC route of administration, long duration of action, and applicability to persons with hemophilia who have inhibitors, make this a particularly encouraging potential therapy. Disclosures: Akinc: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Sehgal: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Barros: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Hettinger: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Charisse: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Brodsky: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Qin: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Racie: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals: Employment.
Introducing computer engineering major for first year students using robotic projects

In almost every engineering curriculum, an introductory engineering course to enlighten students knowledge on the different engineering disciplines is offered for the freshman students. To better describe the engineering majors and increase students interest, practical projects are often requested to complement the theoretical lectures and concepts covered in these classes. In here we present a robotic-based design project that is designed and developed to serve as one of several final projects available for an introduction to engineering class. The projects require minimal-to-no previous knowledge in programming and attempts to give the students an enjoyable and rewarding experience while being introduced to the computer engineering discipline. The survey results clearly show that the projects enhance students' motivation and improve their interpretation to the engineering design process.