cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Progressive Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: The Thy1-aSyn (“Line 61”) Mice

Identification of mutations that cause rare familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and subsequent studies of genetic risk factors for sporadic PD have led to an improved understanding of the pathological mechanisms that may cause nonfamilial PD. In particular, genetic and pathological studies strongly suggest that alpha-synuclein, albeit very rarely mutated in PD patients, plays a critical role in the vast majority of individuals with the sporadic form of the disease. We have extensively characterized a mouse model over-expressing full-length, human, wild-type alpha-synuclein under the Thy-1 promoter. We have also shown that this model reproduces many features of sporadic PD, including progressive changes in dopamine release and striatal content, alpha-synuclein pathology, deficits in motor and nonmotor functions that are affected in pre-manifest and manifest phases of PD, inflammation, and biochemical and molecular changes similar to those observed in PD. Preclinical studies have already demonstrated improvement with promising new drugs in this model, which provides an opportunity to test novel neuroprotective strategies during different phases of the disorder using endpoint measures with high power to detect drug effects.
A hybrid system ensemble based time series signal classification on driver alertness detection

This paper presents the methodologies developed for solving IJCNN 2011's Ford Challenge II problem, where the driver's alertness is to be detected employing physiological, environmental and vehicular data acquired during driving. The solution is based on a thorough four-fold framework consisting of temporal processing, feature creation and extraction, and the training and ensemble of several learning systems, such as neural networks, random forest, support vector machine, trained from diverse features. The selection of input features to a learning machine has always been critique on signal classification. In our approach, the employment of Bayesian network filtered out a set of features and has been proved by the ensemble to be effective. The ensemble technique enhanced the performance of individual systems dramatically. The performance acquired on 30% of the test samples reached an accuracy of 78.34%. These results are significant for a real-world vehicular problem and we are quite confident this solution will become one of the top ones on the competition test data.
Caval Cross-Clamping, Piggyback, and Veno-Venous Bypass

Early liver transplantation was marred by excessive blood loss and routinely required massive blood transfusion. Surgical techniques have evolved to improve patient safety and achieve better outcomes for the transplanted organ. In this chapter we review the physiology of caval cross-clamping and explore surgical options to safely establish hepatectomy and transplantation including piggyback technique and venovenous bypass (VVB).
In situ and facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles on baby wipes and their applications in catalysis and SERS

This article reports composite materials made up of baby wipes and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were immobilized on wipes via in situ synthesis. Fibers in baby wipes were first impregnated with silver ions and these were subsequently reduced to AgNPs with a reducing agent. During the impregnation the hydroxyl groups in fibers served to bind the silver ions and AgNPs after reduction. The composite material, AgNP@wipe thus created was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse X-ray (EDX) line analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. We assessed these AgNP@wipe composites for catalytic properties and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities. The catalytic activity of AgNP@wipe composites was assessed with a model reaction where 4-nitrophenol was reduced to 4-aminophenol with a reducing agent. SERS activity was evaluated with a food contaminant, melamine.
Central Noradrenergic Regulation of Brain Microcirculation

Earlier studies, as well as anatomical findings of others, led to the development of a working hypothesis that the central noradrenergic system is analogous to the peripheral sympathetic system except that it is specialized, in part, for performing specific functions related to brain microvasculature. This hypothesis has been tested in adult rhesus monkeys with chronic bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomies in whom stereotaxically placed cannulae were permanently located in the locus coeruleus for electrical stimulation using concentric bipolar electrodes passed through the cannulae. Cerebral blood flow and brain permeability for water (H2 15O) were simultaneously measured as previously described. The results demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus produced a prompt increase in brain water permeability and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. Transient increase in water permeability and a decrease in cerebral blood flow was also induced by intracarotid infusion of hypertonic urea. Neurally mediated mechanism for regulation of brain water permeability is proposed which would account for changes in permeability induced by electrical stimulation and by mechanical distortion.
Capabilities of Diesel Electronic Fuel Control

Possibilites de la commande electronique de l'injection de carburant dans les moteurs diesel
Gay and Lesbian Youth

Abstract This is a study of gay and lesbian youths' tendencies for suicide and the extent to which these tendencies are influenced by sexual orientation, violence, age, substance abuse, physical or emotional abuse, family rejection, or gender. Based on a sample of 48 respondents, nearly one-half seriously considered suicide while one-third actually attempted suicide. Close to three-quarters of this population cited sexual orientation as some or most of the reason for their suicide consideration or attempt with the majority revealing that they had done so at age 17 or before. Fifty percent or more of those who (1) had a substance abuse problem, (2) were physically or emotionally abused, or (3) experienced family rejection, reported that sexual orientation was the main reason for these problems. These results are clinically significant for therapists who work with this population. The mere existence of suicide considerations or attempts because of sexual orientation calls for a proactive stance which includ...
The Lipids in Bison bison

The Arctic and sub-Arctic climates are difficult for any animal to endure. The American bison, which was introduced into central Alaska in the late 1920's, has become adequately adjusted and now thrives. Although there is an indication that lipids are involved in the adaptation of some mammals to cold, a dearth of “normal” values for the tissue lipids of wild mammals makes it difficult to evaluate the role of fats, in such adaptation, from a wide, comparative point of view. Before any detailed lipid study is possible, it is essential to establish normal lipid values or ranges for the various tissues to be studied. It is the purpose of this report to establish the normal range of lipid values for the various tissues from the Alaskan bison, Bison bison . Field Work .— All tissues were collected on October 1 and 2, 1950. This was during the first two days of the bison hunt ordered for the purpose of thinning out the Big Delta herd to prevent over-grazing. About one gram of tissue was taken from the animal as soon as possible after death by shooting. The breast muscle used was a section taken from approximately the same region of the left pectoralis major muscle of each animal; the neck muscle, a section from the left sternomastoid muscle; the heart, a section from the tip of the ventricle; and the stomach wall, a section from abomasum . All other tissue specimens were taken from the same general region of the respective organs. The tissue samples were weighed accurately on …
Water uptake and ion mobility in cross-linked bis(terpyridine)ruthenium- based anion exchange membranes

As an alternative to benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-functionalized polymers for use as anion exchange membranes (AEMs), we report here on the properties of cross-linked polymers containing tethered bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes as AEMs with chloride, bicarbonate, and hydroxide mobile ions. The maximum conductivity for the Ru(II)-complex-based membranes, measured at 30 °C in liquid water, depended on the water uptake and degree of cross-linking more than on the ion exchange capacity (IEC). For membranes with 2:1 cross-linker:monomer ratio, the highest conductivities were 7.9 mS cm–1 for the 1.6 mequiv g–1 IEC membrane in chloride form, with a hydration number of 51, and 6.5 mS cm–1 for the 1.8 mequiv g–1 IEC membrane in bicarbonate form, with a hydration number of 124. Additionally, we calculated the chloride and bicarbonate ion diffusion coefficients from conductivity measurements and the samples’ hydrated ion concentration, which enabled the membrane ion diffusion coefficients (D) to be related...
TIME DEPENDENT FLUCTUATIONS IN LONGSHORE CURRENTS

During constant sea state conditions, longshore current velocities were monitored continuously for fifteen minute periods separated by fifteen minute periods separated by fifteen minute intervals. Three ducted impellor flowmeters were placed at equally spaced vertical positions through the water column. Sequential measurements were made with similar vertical current meter arrays at different locations across the surf zone. Simultaneous measurements of wave height, period and celerity were made at stations placed at equal intervals from the outer surf zone to the beach. The fifteen minute continuous records were subjected to spectral analysis. This analysis showed that the major power associated with fluctuations in the longshore current velocity field occurs in two major frequency bands. A significant spectral peak was coincident with the breaker period of the incident wave field, 4.2 seconds and, another dominant signature occurred at 78.8 seconds. Attenuation with depth of both the steady and fluctuating components of the longshore current flow field was relatively small. The maximum observed velocities for each station and each vertical current meter position varied from 90 to 150 percent above the observed mean longshore current velocity. However, at each station, variation of the means with depth was not appreciable and thus supports the results from time and space averaged theories of vertical uniformity in longshore currents, away from the boundary layer. Results from the field investigation of Wood and Meadows (1975) indicated that the steady state components are dominated by the fluctuating portions of the flow field. Therefore, time averaging of conservation equations in longshore current theory is a physically inappropriate procedure. In order to evaluate the magnitude of the unsteady components, a close examination of surf zone dynamics was made. The most obvious contribution to unsteadiness in longshore currents arises from the longshore component of the maximum horizontal particle velocity. However, the magnitude of observed current fluctuations is too large to be completely accounted for by this component. Spectral peaks at longer periods appear to be related to modes of edge wave phenomena. The long period spectral signature of 78.8 seconds is in direct agreement with the calculated period for a zero mode edge wave in shallow water.
Anal sphincteroplasty for incontinence after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis - Report of two cases

PURPOSE: This report reviews two patients who underwent anal sphincteroplasty to improve continence after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). METHODS: A retrospective study of two patients was performed. RESULTS: Two patients underwent anal sphincteroplasty after IPAA for incontinence, one diagnosed preoperatively and one postoperatively. Both had had previous anal surgery. Satisfactory continence was achieved in both cases, despite modest changes in manometric studies. CONCLUSION: Anal sphincteroplasty should be considered after IPAA. The value of anorectal manometry in this situation is equivocal.
Relative Quantification of Sites of Peptide and Protein Modification Using Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled with Electron Transfer Dissociation

One difficult problem in the analysis of peptide modifications is quantifying isomeric modifications that differ by the position of the amino acid modified. HPLC separation using C18 reverse phase chromatography coupled with electron transfer dissociation (ETD) in tandem mass spectrometry has recently been shown to be able to relatively quantify how much of a given modification occurs at each amino acid position for isomeric mixtures; however, the resolution of reverse phase chromatography greatly complicates quantification of isomeric modifications by ETD because of the chromatographic separation of peptides with identical modifications at different sequence positions. Using peptide oxidation as a model system, we investigated the use of size exclusion chromatography coupled with ETD fragmentation to separate peptide sequences. This approach allows for the benefits of chromatographic separation of peptide sequences while ensuring co-elution of modification isomers for accurate relative quantification of modifications using standard data-dependent acquisitions. Using this method, the relative amount of modification at each amino acid can be accurately measured from single ETD MS/MS spectra in a standard data-dependent acquisition experiment.
Hypercalcemic Factors Other than Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is caused by different mechanisms in different types of tumors. In most solid tumors, increased bone resorption and decreased urine calcium excretion are responsible. However, in myeloma, increased bone resorption and decreased glomerular filtration are the cause. In most solid tumors, factors working in conjunction cause the hypercalcemic syndrome. In addition to PTHrP, these include transforming growth factor alpha, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin.
Expanding Phenotype of VRK1 Mutations in Motor Neuron Disease.

Objective In the past decade, hereditary forms of motor neuron disease (spinal muscular atrophy and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are increasingly identified. As advanced genetic testing is performed, molecular diagnosis can be obtained. Identifying new gene mutations can lead to further understanding of disease.
Controlled Self-Assembly of Cyclophane Amphiphiles: From 1D Nanofibers to Ultrathin 2D Topological Structures

A novel series of amphiphilic TC-PEG molecules were designed and synthesized based on the orthogonal cyclophane unit. These molecules were able to self-assemble from 1D nanofibers and nanobelts to 2D ultrathin nanosheets (3 nm thick) in a controlled way by tuning the length of PEG side-chains. The special structure of the cyclophane moiety allowed control in construction of nanostructures through programmed noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic–hydrophilic interaction and π–π interaction). The self-assembled nanostructures were characterized by combining real space imaging (TEM, SEM, and AFM) and reciprocal space scattering (GIWAXS) techniques. This unique supramolecular system may provide a new strategy for the design of materials with tunable nanomorphology and functionality.
Evaluating organizational factors associated with postoperative bariatric surgery readmissions

Abstract Background Several patient and surgical characteristics have been identified as risk factors for readmission after bariatric surgery, but there is a paucity of information on how organizational factors influence this metric. Objective To evaluate the association between readmissions and several organizational factors, including compliance with best practices to reduce unplanned hospital visits, major complication rates, and the emergency department-sourced readmission (EDSR) rate. Methods The Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative database was used to identify patients undergoing primary bariatric procedures. Using an indirect standardization process, each site's observed-to-expected ratio for 30-day readmissions was calculated. The association between each site's adjusted readmission rate and each organizational factor was calculated with Pearson correlation coefficients. Results There was significant variation among the sites' adjusted rates of readmission, EDSR, best practice compliance rates, and major complication rates. There was a moderate association between each site's adjusted readmission rate and the rate of EDSR ( r = .53) and major complications ( r = .53). However, the association between bariatric centers' compliance with best practices to reduce unplanned hospital visits and readmission rates was fairly weak ( r = –.14). Conclusion Bariatric centers with higher rates of major complications and sites with emergency departments that are less likely to treat and discharge patients are more likely to have higher readmission rates. Even though compliance with best practices to reduce readmissions may be important, results suggest that it does not significantly influence the readmission rates at sites that perform only these basic measures or perform them inadequately.
Demo: BlueMountain: An Architecture to Customize Data Management on Mobile Systems

BlueMountain is a system that enables building pluggable data management solutions which can be linked with any Android app at runtime, without requiring any modifications to the Android platform. BlueMountain simplifies the app development, provides flexibility to end users, and works with existing apps.
Experimental characterization and modeling of low-cost oscillators for improved carrier phase synchronization

Phase noise performance is measured for nine different crystal oscillators, each suitable for use as a frequency reference in applications such as software defined radio and coherent cooperative communication systems. The phase noise measurements are parametrically fit to a standard two-state oscillator model to characterize the short-term and long-term stability parameters of each oscillator. A three-state model is also developed to provide a better fit to the measured phase noise spectrum for some of the tested references. In addition to providing a better fit to the measured phase noise spectra, the three-state model enables improved phase estimation and prediction performance. A numerical example is presented in which a Kalman filter derived from the three-state model shows up to 3dB improvement in mean squared error compared with the two-state model.
Dietary fat intake and lung cancer: results from the Lower Mississippi River Interagency Cancer Study

Lung cancer remains to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Besides smoking, many dietary factors can also influence the development of lung cancer. This analysis is based on...
Methods of feasible directions with increased gradient memory

The class of feasible directions methods is a powerful tool for solving constrained minimization problems, min-max problems, and unconstrained minimization problems in the absence of continuity of the gradient. The different versions proposed either involve all the gradients and do not require "antizigzagging precautions" or involve only the constraints in a neighborhood of the current feasible point and do require "antizigzagging precautions" [i-i0]. This paper considers the class of feasible directions methods which do require "antizigzagging precautions". Such methods require that at each iteration the gradient of the cost function, the gradients of the active constraints, and the gradients of the "almost" active constraints be evaluated. The method we propose only requires that at each iteration, the gradient of the cost function and the gradient of the active constraints, be recomputed, and we use the previously computed gradients of the almost active constraints, provided that these gradients are not too "old". This results in a considerable saving of computational time when the constraint functions are complicated.
Endocrinology of Leydig Cells in Nonmammalian Vertebrates

A review of testicular structure and function in nonmammalian vertebrates indicates that a comparative approach can expand our view of a subject through the dimension of evolutionary time; provide a conceptual framework for identifying unifying principles; separate fundamentally conserved features from species-specific specializations; and help to identify important unanswered questions. Comparative studies to date support the following generalizations: 1. Leydig cells are relative newcomers to the cellular repertory of the vertebrate testis. 2. Leydig cells evolved as a source of circulating steroids, eventually supplanting Sertoli cells as the primary steroidogenic element of the testis. 3. Male germ cell production and development requires an androgen-rich environment in all vertebrate classes, but the contribution of Leydig cells vs Sertoli cells to the intratesticular steroidogenic mileu varies as a function of phyletic position, developmental age, time of year, and physiological status. 4. From fish to mammals, seminiferous tubules progressively displace spermatocysts as the primary organizational unit and germinal compartment of the testis. 5. The evolutionary origin of Leydig cells and a trend toward increased testicular structural and functional complexity exactly parallel the evolution of the seminiferous tubule and concomitant acquisition of a second testicular compartment, the interstium. The evolution of the testes with higher organizational complexity and more diverse cellular repertory, including Leydig cells, is just one aspect of a multitude of reproductive adaptations that accompany animal evolution per se. Among vertebrates, species with a relatively simple testicular organization and fewer testicular cell types are advantageous for addressing research questions.
Solution Focused Anxiety Management and Individual Therapy

Solution focused anxiety management works in individual therapy, and how to use the approach in individual sessions is the topic of this chapter. Using solution-focused methods and conveying solution-focused attitudes, the therapist collaborates with the client to discover and amplify what happens when anxiety is not a problem. Tools from the program are then introduced as appropriate, and they are adapted to the client’s style and preferences. In addition, people often use individual sessions to extend what they have taken from the program. Case examples illustrate the process in brief therapy, single session therapy, and intermittent therapy over a number of years.
The impact of HMO penetration on the rate of hospital cost inflation, 1985-1993.

This paper provides evidence that growth in health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment slows hospital cost inflation. During the period 1985-1993, hospitals in areas with high rates of HMO penetration and growth had a slower rate of growth in expenses (8.3%) than hospitals in low penetration areas (11.2%). From 1992-1993, HMO growth lowered the rate of hospital cost inflation by .34 to 3.40 percentage points, depending on the base-year level and the annual change in HMO penetration. Declines in Medicare Prospective Payment System (PPS) margins also lowered hospital cost inflation; over the time period, annual hospital cost inflation was reduced by .38 percentage points. The estimates imply that the cumulative effect of HMO growth on hospital costs has been a $56.2 billion reduction (in 1993 dollars).
Spatio-temporal fusion of NDVI data for simulating soil water content in heterogeneous Mediterranean areas

Recent studies have demonstrated that the soil water content (SWC) of Mediterranean ecosystems can be simulated by combining ground data and remote sensing observations of Normalized Difference Veg...
The perverse presentism of rainbow plaques: memorializing Anne Lister

In 2018, the York Civic Trust in the United Kingdom initiated a welcome extension of the national “blue plaque” project of commemorating significant historical figures by installing the first of a ...
Buffering the effects of childhood trauma within the school setting: A systematic review of trauma-informed and trauma-responsive interventions among trauma-affected youth

Abstract Exposure to trauma during childhood is highly prevalent. This review seeks to evaluate the current state of the literature in regard to trauma-informed care within the school setting. A number of models have been put forth to describe broad trauma-informed approaches integrated within school systems, which incorporate trauma-sensitive care and practices within the broader structure of an organization. The goal of this paper was to systematically review papers detailing relevant interventions to the provision of trauma-informed and trauma-responsive practices within schools. Using a three-tiered system of service delivery as our organizing framework (where the level of support increases across tiers depending on the student’s individual needs), the research that has evaluated the efficacy of trauma-informed interventions is reviewed. Results indicated that much of this work has been exclusively conducted within one level of a three-tiered system that comprises a trauma-informed approach to the school setting. Although there is a foundation of research on interventions applied within specific tiers, few studies have sought to integrate the tiers to test the effectiveness of a fully trauma-informed model within the educational system and most that have integrated the three tiers do not include statistically rigorous evaluations of program effectiveness, such as randomized control trials. A basic model for trauma-informed schools with considerations for intervening directly with students is provided as well as recommendations for future research, which is necessary to inform clear, specific models for fully integrated trauma-informed schools.
Graft-versus-host Disease Complicated by Sequential Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis.

Concurrent septic arthritis and osteomyelitis present a challenging situation in a medically complex patient with joint and bone pain. We report on an immunosuppressed patient who developed urosepsis with bacteremia followed sequentially by septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, emphasizing the potential musculoskeletal sites of disseminated bacterial infection in the susceptible host. A 46-year-old woman presented with unilateral knee pain of 3 months’ duration. Her history was notable for follicular lymphoma, treated with rituximab (RTX) and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy. Relapse warranted RTX and ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy and allogeneic …
Effects of Biotin-Avidin Interactions on Hydrogel Swelling

Affinity interactions between the small molecule biotin and the protein avidin have been used extensively to functionalize biomaterials. More recently, researchers have leveraged the changes in biotin-avidin affinity that occur upon biotin conjugation to larger molecules to control the release of biotinylated drugs and proteins. However, the effects of biotin-avidin interactions on hydrogel properties have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing biotin and avidin concentrations on hydrogel swelling properties, as an indicator of crosslinking. Gelatin, selected as a model hydrogel material, was biotinylated at increasing fold molar excesses of biotin with a PEG linker using N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Afterwards, biotinylated gelatin was formed into hydrogels and stabilized with glutaraldehyde. Swelling properties of the biotinylated hydrogels were investigated by conducting swelling studies in different avidin solutions. Increasing the degree of biotinylation caused significant decreases in swelling ratios of the hydrogels in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting increases in crosslinking of the hydrogels. However, increasing avidin concentrations in excess of biotin content did not significantly affect swelling ratios. Moving hydrogels to phosphate-buffered saline following avidin incorporation resulted in increased swelling ratios for hydrogels prepared with a lower concentration of biotin. However, hydrogels prepared with the highest concentration of biotin did not experience increased swelling ratios, implying that the stability of biotin-avidin-mediated crosslinking depends on the number of biotin molecules available for binding. Collectively, these results demonstrate that biotin-avidin interactions control hydrogel swelling properties, and that the magnitude and stability of the effects depend on the biotin concentration. These results have important implications for affinity-based controlled release of biotinylated drugs or proteins from biotin-avidin-crosslinked hydrogels.
An Origami-Inspired Foldable Reflectarray on a Straight-Major Square-Twist Pattern

This paper proposes a high-gain Reflectarray Antenna (RA) design on an origami-inspired foldable structure, which is based on the straight-major square-twist pattern (SMST). The antenna was designed to operate at 16 GHz and direct its main beam along $\varphi=0^{\mathrm{o}}, \theta=30^{\mathrm{o}}$ direction with a gain of 28.34 $\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}$. The RA was excited by a horn antenna of 14 $\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{i}$ gain with Q-factor of 5.25 positioned at a distance of $ 10\lambda$ with a $10^{\mathrm{o}}$ offset angle. The foldable nature of our origami-inspired structure provides a 92% packing efficiency of the RA aperture surface area, thereby offering a significant advantage for small satellites and terrestrial tactical applications.
Assessing somatic mutations in matched biospecimens from patients with serous ovarian cancer

Objectives: To describe the genomic alterations present in three matched bio-specimens (tumor, ascites, plasma) of patients with serous ovarian cancer. Methods: Eighteen patients were diagnosed with primary serous ovarian cancer between 9/2015 and 6/2019 and agreed to participate in the study. Tumor, ascites and plasma were obtained from the University of Colorado Gynecologic Tumor and Fluid Bank (GTFB) and additional data were collected from the electronic medical record. All eighteen patients had tumor and plasma samples that were sent for molecular tumor profiling (MTP), and thirteen of the eighteen patients additionally had ascites collected and sent for MTP. All samples were sent for 50-gene panel somatic testing and BRCA somatic testing. Germline BRCA testing was also performed and compared to germline testing previously completed and recorded in the patient electronic medical record. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 61 (range: 48-80). Ninety-four percent of bio-specimens were collected at time of primary diagnosis. Eighty-nine percent of tumors were high grade, and the majority of patients were at least stage IIIC (n=11, 61%). Forty-four percent received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), while 56% did not. Eight patients recurred during the study period, and there were no deaths reported in the patient electronic medical record as of the time of final data analysis. BRCA somatic mutations were not more likely to be identified in plasma as compared to ascites or tumor (p=0.17). Co-occurring mutations between plasma and ascites were less common in comparison to co-occurring mutations between tumor and plasma or tumor and ascites, though not significantly (p=0.68). Somatic mutations in KDR and TP53 were most likely to be conserved across all three bio-specimens. Mutant allele frequencies (MAF) in individual mutations varied across biospecimens, though tended to be highest in tumor, followed by ascites. Download : Download high-res image (183KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: In order to understand the molecular signature of a cancer, MTP of various bio-specimens at a single point in time may aid in delineating a more comprehensive understanding of the critical mutational events. Use of such testing could further stratify patient prognoses and broaden the possibility of patient enrollment in basket and umbrella clinical trials.
Slowed Protein Turnover in Aging Drosophila Reflects a Shift in Cellular Priorities

The accumulation of protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles as organisms age has led to the hypothesis that aging involves general breakdown of protein quality control. We tested this hypothesis using a proteomic and informatic approach in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Turnover of most proteins was markedly slower in old flies. However, ribosomal and proteasomal proteins maintained high turnover rates, suggesting that the observed slowdowns in protein turnover might not be due to a global failure of quality control. As protein turnover reflects the balance of protein synthesis and degradation, we investigated whether decreases in synthesis or decreases in degradation would best explain the observed slowdowns in protein turnover. We found that while many individual proteins in old flies showed slower turnover due to decreased degradation, an approximately equal number showed slower turnover due to decreased synthesis, and enrichment analyses revealed that translation machinery itself was less abundant. Mitochondrial complex I subunits and glycolytic enzymes were decreased in abundance as well, and proteins involved in glutamine-dependent anaplerosis were increased, suggesting that old flies modify energy production to limit oxidative damage. Together, our findings suggest that age-related proteostasis changes in Drosophila represent a coordinated adaptation rather than a system collapse.
CD&S Dataset: Handheld Imagery Dataset Acquired Under Field Conditions for Corn Disease Identification and Severity Estimation.

Accurate disease identification and its severity estimation is an important consideration for disease management. Deep learning-based solutions for disease management using imagery datasets are being increasingly explored by the research community. However, most reported studies have relied on imagery datasets that were acquired under controlled lab conditions. As a result, such models lacked the ability to identify diseases in the field. Therefore, to train a robust deep learning model for field use, an imagery dataset was created using raw images acquired under field conditions using a handheld sensor and augmented images with varying backgrounds. The Corn Disease and Severity (CD&S) dataset consisted of 511, 524, and 562, field acquired raw images, corresponding to three common foliar corn diseases, namely Northern Leaf Blight (NLB), Gray Leaf Spot (GLS), and Northern Leaf Spot (NLS), respectively. For training disease identification models, half of the imagery data for each disease was annotated using bounding boxes and also used to generate 2343 additional images through augmentation using three different backgrounds. For severity estimation, an additional 515 raw images for NLS were acquired and categorized into severity classes ranging from 1 (resistant) to 5 (susceptible). Overall, the CD&S dataset consisted of 4455 total images comprising of 2112 field images and 2343 augmented images.
Chapter 4 Auditory imagery and inner speech

Publisher Summary The study of mental imagery is surely one of the great success stories of modern psychology. Auditory imagery occupies an intriguing position, standing at the intersection of a number of phenomena, and a number of research domains. This chapter describes a series of studies, organized roughly historically, but also organized to make plain the evolution of the thinking about auditory imagery. The chapter surveys a range of phenomena, consistent with the initial observation that auditory imagery is a particularly rich domain, with ties to many research areas. It is striking that a reasonably consistent pattern emerges across these domains. Auditory imagery may be a mental resource with broad application, and, therefore, with considerable importance.
Chapter VI Identification of the Species and Biotypes Within the Genus Brucella

Publisher Summary Members of the genus Brucella are mammalian facultatively intracellular parasites and pathogens, with a relatively wide host range including man. They cause infection and notably epizootic abortion in a variety of domestic animals—that is, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, reindeer, and dogs. These microorganisms are coccobacilli or short gram-negative rods measuring 0.5–0.7 by 0.6–1.5 μm, occurring singly or more rarely in short chains. They are non-motile and do not form endospores or capsules. Brucellas are strict aerobes. Some strains require 5–10% added CO 2 for growth, particularly on initial isolation. The optimum temperature for growth is 37°C. They are catalase positive, oxidase positive, and do not require either hematin or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, V factor. When grown in laboratory media, the Brucella is prone to dissociation. This is accompanied by antigenic change, loss in virulence, change in susceptibility to bacteriophage, colonial, and other changes.
Central Banking in a Democratic Society

In recent years we have seen the emergence of two important trends: an increase in the number of countries operating on democratic principles, especially with the abandonment of communism in the transition countries, and an increase in the independence of central banks. Indeed, many of the transition countries have granted their central banks a higher degree of legal independence than is seen in many other countries. At a glance, the independence of central banks seems to be in conflict with the democratic principle that government policies should be controlled by elected officials rather than by an elite group that is insulated from the political process. On the other hand, there is a strong case for independence of central banks to ensure that they take a long-run view and conduct monetary policy in an effective manner. This apparent conflict between these two views immediately raises the question of what the role of a central bank should be in the emerging democracies of the transition countries. What form should central-bank independence take? Can central-bank independence and democratic principles be reconciled? How can the central bank be made sufficiently accountable in a democratic society? Answering these questions not only is of importance in countries that have been democratic for a substantial period but is especially relevant in the transition countries of Eastern Europe, which are now in the process of designing their political and governmental frameworks.
Accountable logging in operating systems

In this paper, study how to achieve accountable logging for operating system using the flow-net logging and its implementation in current operating system such as Linux. We demonstrate that the flow-net logging technique is capable of preserving event relationship. The performance for the flow-net logging implementation in Linux operation system is evaluated.
The ATP synthase: Parts and properties of a rotary motor

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses (1) the experimental approaches that have documented subunit rotation in F 1 and tentatively in F 0 F 1 and (2) the studies of the way the structural organization and interactions of subunits within the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase may fit as functional parts of a molecular motor. ATP has a central role in cellular metabolism with cleavage of its high-energy phosphoanhydride bond(s) serving as a common “currency” to drive a variety of energy-requiring processes. These include mechanical transport processes catalyzed by molecular motors, such as muscle contraction by myosin ATPase, the transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules by dynein and kinesin ATPases, and the vectorial unwinding of double-stranded (ds)DNA by DNA helicases. Most cellular ATP is synthesized from adenosine disphosphate (ADP) and P i by a ubiquitous coupling enzyme, the H + - transporting ATP synthase, in the terminal step of oxidative- and photo-phosphorylation. The ATP synthase is found embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of eubacteria. It is referred to as “F 0 F 1 ATP synthase,” because, experimentally, it can be separated into two complexes that retain the distinct partial functions of the intact synthase. The F 0 portion is embedded in the membrane and functions in proton transport; in the absence of F 1 , F 0 catalyzes the passive flux of protons across the bilayer. F 1 can be released from F 0 as a water-soluble complex that contains the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis but, uncoupled from a proton current, soluble F 1 can catalyze only the net hydrolysis of ATP. Thus, it is often referred to as “F 1 -ATPase.”
Recruitment framework for participatory sensing data collections

Mobile phones have evolved from devices that are just used for voice and text communication to platforms that are able to capture and transmit a range of data types (image, audio, and location). The adoption of these increasingly capable devices by society has enabled a potentially pervasive sensing paradigm - participatory sensing. A coordinated participatory sensing system engages individuals carrying mobile phones to explore phenomena of interest using in situ data collection. For participatory sensing to succeed, several technical challenges need to be solved. In this paper, we discuss one particular issue: developing a recruitment framework to enable organizers to identify well-suited participants for data collections based on geographic and temporal availability as well as participation habits. This recruitment system is evaluated through a series of pilot data collections where volunteers explored sustainable processes on a university campus.
Understanding the Journals that Write Us: A 30th Birthday Reflection

Abstract 2013 marked the 30th anniversary, or birthday, of the Computers and Composition journal. In order to provide a reflective picture of where the computers and composition subdiscipline has been, what identities it has cultivated, and where it stands in relation to the larger field of composition, this study examines the articles published in College Composition and Communication (CCC) and Computers and Composition (CC 2) both journals’ participation in a sticky theory-practice dance; 3) the ways each journal relates (or fails to relate) other subdisciplines to computers and composition; 4) the major topics displayed significantly in one journal and minimally in the other; and 5) both journals’ overall trend of programmatic stasis and (slow) professional increase. This study's sixth finding presents an emerging trend in C&C: the slow and nuanced appearance of a sophisticated development from single to multiple points of entry in the journal's articles. Finally, these findings are put in dialogue with current assertions about the relationship between CCC and C&C to explore how they both align with and challenge previous assumptions.
Children's Interests Inventory, Grades 4–6

A factored interest inventory for children was developed from interest items obtained from literature review and an open-ended questionnaire, the Preliminary Children's Interest Inventory, administered to children, parents, and teachers. These items, collapsed to form a 121 item Children's Interest Inventory, were rated on a 5-point like-dislike scale by 517 children in grades four, five, and six from Marshalltown, Iowa. Teachers rated each child's scholastic, social, and creative ability. Factor analyses showed nine boys' factors and eight girls' factors. Athletic, mechanical, science, verbal, religion, and social are interests found in the adult work and in the present work. Children's interests were not related to ability ratings, lowly related to grade, and highly related to gender.
The relation of castration, androgen therapy and pre-test fighting experience to competitive aggression in male C57 BL/10 mice ☆

Abstract The relative influence of both androgen status and pre-test fighting experience upon competitive aggression was studied with 72 C57 BL/10 male mice kept isolated in individual living cages except for testing. Twenty-four animals were castrated at 35–40 days of age. Half of these were placed on replacement therapy of testosterone propionate for the remainder of the experiment. After several weeks of isolation all animals were trained to escape shock by jumping to a small platform at the centre of the floor. One third were then forced to compete for the platform with an aggressive trainer, one third with a submissive trainer, and the final third received no competitive experience. After training, an additional 24 animals were castrated. Twelve of them received replacement therapy. Two weeks after training each mouse was placed in a round-robin test sequence of 17 pairings representing each combination of pre-test experience and androgen status. Analysis of the data from 1224 bouts yielded the following results: 1. 1. Time of castration relative to training had no effect on fighting in the competitive test situation. 2. 2. Winning during the training series was associated with the most intense aggression in the test situation. Meanwhile, no reliable differences were demonstrated between losers and animals allowed no pre-test competitive experience. 3. 3. Androgen status was shown to have some relationship to aggression, but this appeared to be evidenced through its effect upon body weight. 4. 4. Of the two variables tested, androgen status and pre-test experience, pre-test experience appears to have been more influential.
Cardiac phosphorylase in different species and after reserpine administration.

SummaryTotal phosphorylase was higher in rat and rabbit hearts than in frog hearts and greater in ventricles than in atria of all 3 species. Reserpine administration caused an initial increase in cardiac phosphorylase a followed by a marked diminution.
Pulsed supersonic molecular-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of C 2 H 2

A high-resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrum of C2H2 in a pulsed molecular beam was obtained and the resolved Q-branch spectrum was used to study the properties of the expansion. Cluster formation limited the minimum observed rotational temperature in the pure-acetylene expansion to 30 K.
Control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in rat liver by feedback inhibition of aspartate carbamoyltransferase.

Summary Studies on the incorporation of labeled precursors into orotic acid in slices of rat liver reveal aspartate carbamoyltransferase to be a site for the feedback control of hepatic pyrimidine biosynthesis through end-product inhibition.
Pressure induced phase transitions in silicon, germanium and some III–V compounds

Abstract Pressure induced phase transitions to a conducting state have been found for silicon (195–200 kbars), germanium (120–125 kbars), GaAs (245–250 kbars, 275–280 kbars), GaSb (80–100 kbars), InAs (100 kbars), InP (125–130 kbars) and AlSb (115–125 kbars). No transition occurred in GaP to 550 kbars. Although it cannot be definitely proven, it is the author's feeling that, with the exception of GaAs, all transitions are solid-solid transitions, apparently to a metallic state. For GaAs, it is postulated that the first transition involves melting to a metallic liquid, while the second transition constitutes the freezing of the liquid.