cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect on the insulin-like growth factor system in human prostate epithelial cells of immortalization and transformation by simian virus-40 T antigen

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been demonstrated to be important for proliferation and differentiation in tissues. This system has also been demonstrated to be an important regulator of the growth of normal prostate epithelium and has been implicated in the process of transformation to human epithelial prostate cancer. This study examined the function of the various components of the IGF system in benign prostate epithelium (BPE), simian virus-40 (SV40)-T antigen-immortalized prostate epithelial cells, P69SV40-T (P69), and two sublines generated from the parental line by serial passage through athymic mice: one tumorigenic (M2182) and one metastatic (M12). IGF-II messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein were detected in BPE cells, and each of the three P69 cell lines. IGF-II protein levels were significantly higher in medium collected from the P69, M2182, and M12 cells than in BPE. Proliferation in response to IGF was P69 > BPE > M2182 > M12. The proliferative responses in the four cell types were paralleled by an increase in c-jun. In addition, as the cells became progressively more tumorigenic, the basal level of c-jun mRNA increased. IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), -3, -4, -5, and -6 could be detected in the primary epithelial cell medium; however, as the cells became progressively more tumorigenic, there was a decrease in IGFBP-2, -3, -5, and -6 in the medium. The type 1 IGF receptor (IGFr) also decreased as the cells became more tumorigenic. The M12 cells had 80% fewer receptors than the P69 cells and 70% fewer than M2182 cells. There was no change in the Kd for IGF between the cell lines. Based on these data it would appear that the difference in proliferation between the BPE cells and P69s may be due to an increased concentration of inhibitory IGFBPs in the P69 medium. The decrease in proliferation seen in response to IGF in M2182 and M12 cells compared to the P69s would appear at least in part to be due to a decreased IGFr number. IGFr mRNA is represented by 11.0- and 7.0-kilobase bands in the BPE and P69 cells, but only by an 11.0-kilobase band in M2182 and M12 cells. These data indicate that there are significant changes that occur in the IGF system during the process of malignant transformation of the prostate epithelium. The changes described in the P69 cell system are similar to those seen in vivo and suggest that an intact IGF system may be important in maintaining a differentiated epithelial cell.
On the Quality of a Social Simulation Model: A Lifecycle Framework

Computational social science grows from several research traditions with roots in The Enlightenment and earlier origins in Aristotle’s comparative analysis of social systems. Extant standards of scientific quality and excellence have been inherited through the history and philosophy of science in terms of basic principles, such as formalization, testing, replication, and dissemination. More specifically, the properties of Truth, Beauty, and Justice proposed by C.A. Lave and J.G. March for mathematical social science are equally valid criteria for assessing quality in social simulation models. Helpful as such classic standards of quality may be, social computing adds new scientific features (complex systems, object-oriented simulations, network models, emergent dynamics) that require development as additional standards for judging quality. Social simulation models in particular (e.g., agent-based modeling) contribute further specific requirements for assessing quality. This paper proposes and discusses a set of dimensions for discerning quality in social simulations, especially agent-based models, beyond the traditional standards of verification and validation.
Why and how prefiltering for discrete multiwavelet transforms

We study why prefiltering is necessary for discrete multiwavelet transforms. We propose a method to generate prefilters given a set of multiwavelet filterbanks, where they are called good prefilters.
An actuarial GPS for hemophilic longevity

HIV as a transfusion-transmitted pathogen drastically reduced the lifespan of people with hemophilia beginning in the 1980s. The question of what would have been the expected lifespan in this chronic disease, had HIV not happened, has been the subject of previous epidemiologic reports. Data from
Quaternary codes for pulsed radar

A class of quaternary codes is described, and an algorithm for generating the codes is given. The codes have properties that make them useful for radar applications: 1) their auto-correlation consists of a single pulse, 2) their length can be any power of two, 3) each code can be paired with another code (its mate) of the same class in such a way that the crosscorrelation of mates is identically zero, 4) coded waveforms can be generated in a simple network the number of whose elements is proportional to the base-2 logarithm of the code length, and 5) the same network can be readily converted to a matched filter for the coded waveform.
On a maximal torus in the volume-preserving diffeomorphism group of the finite cylinder

Let 'Jbe the collection of all H" (s > 2) diffeomorphisms Q of the cylindrical surface M := S' x (p. q), where q$ rotates each 'horizontal' circle S' x z rigidly by an angle 4 = 4(z) which is a real valued H' function. Let M be given the flat metric g induced from the Euclidean metric of Iw?. We shall prove in this paper that (1) Topologically, 7 is a real, infinite-dimensional, smooth, path-connected and closed submanifold of Diff,,, relative to the H' topology. (2) Algebraically, 7 is a maximal Abelian subgroup of Diff,,,, it is equal to its centralizer in Diff, and its Weyl group in Diff,,, is .Z2. (3) Geometrically, with respect to the g-induced right- invariant L2 metric (. , .), 'T is a totally geodesic and flat Riemannian submanifold of Diff,,,; we also identify its normal bundle.
Playing by the rules: mining query associations to predict search performance

Understanding the characteristics of queries where a search engine is failing is important for improving engine performance. Previous work largely relies on user-interaction features (e.g., clickthrough statistics) to identify such underperforming queries. However, relying on interaction behavior means that searchers need to become dissatisfied and need to exhibit that in their search behavior, by which point it may be too late to help them. In this paper, we propose a method to generate underperforming query identification rules instantly using topical and lexical attributes. The method first generates query attributes using sources such as topics, concepts (entities), and keywords in queries. Then, association rules are learned by exploiting the FP-growth algorithm and decision trees using underperforming query examples. We develop a query classification model capable of accurately estimating dissatisfaction using the generated rules, and demonstrate significant performance gains over state-of-the-art query performance prediction models.
IN VIVO MUSCLE FORCE-LENGTH BEHAVIOR DURING STEADY-SPEED HOPPING IN TAMMAR WALLABIES

Moderate to large macropodids can increase their speed while hopping with little or no increase in energy expenditure. This has been interpreted by some workers as resulting from elastic energy savings in their hindlimb tendons. For this to occur, the muscle fibers must transmit force to their tendons with little or no length change. To test whether this is the case, we made in vivo measurements of muscle fiber length change and tendon force in the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and plantaris (PL) muscles of tammar wallabies Macropus eugenii as they hopped at different speeds on a treadmill. Muscle fiber length changes were less than +/-0.5 mm in the plantaris and +/-2.2 mm in the lateral gastrocnemius, representing less than 2 % of total fiber length in the plantaris and less than 6 % in the lateral gastrocnemius, with respect to resting length. The length changes of the plantaris fibers suggest that this occurred by means of elastic extension of attached cross-bridges. Much of the length change in the lateral gastrocnemius fibers occurred at low force early in the stance phase, with generally isometric behavior at higher forces. Fiber length changes did not vary significantly with increased hopping speed in either muscle (P>0.05), despite a 1. 6-fold increase in muscle-tendon force between speeds of 2.5 and 6.0 m s-1. Length changes of the PL fibers were only 7+/-4 % and of the LG fibers 34+/-12 % (mean +/- S.D., N=170) of the stretch calculated for their tendons, resulting in little net work by either muscle (plantaris 0.01+/-0.03 J; gastrocnemius -0.04+/-0.30 J; mean +/- s.d. ). In contrast, elastic strain energy stored in the tendons increased with increasing speed and averaged 20-fold greater than the shortening work performed by the two muscles. These results show that an increasing amount of strain energy stored within the hindlimb tendons is usefully recovered at faster steady hopping speeds, without being dissipated by increased stretch of the muscles' fibers. This finding supports the view that tendon elastic saving of energy is an important mechanism by which this species is able to hop at faster speeds with little or no increase in metabolic energy expenditure.
Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis -Spray Adjuvant-Viral Insecticide Combinations Against Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Mortality of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) larvae after treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was determined in bioassays with treated cotton leaves. Larval mortality depended upon dosage, species, and size of larvae tested. Bacillus thuringiensis was also found to reduce the weight of larvae surviving treatment (7 days) when compared with the untreated check. Bioassays failed to detect differences between two commercial B. thuringiensis formulations, Dipel (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, III.) and Thuricide (Sandoz, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Effectiveness of B. thuringiensis was usually increased when treatments were made in combination with the commercial spray adjuvants, Coax (Trader Oil Mill Co., Ft. Worth, Tex.) and Gustol (Sandoz, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Combinations of B. thuringiensis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses of H. zea and Autographa californica (Speyer) usually resulted in mortality levels greater than that of B. thuringiensis alone but not greater than that of either virus alone. Advantages for combining B. thuringiensis with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of H. zea or A. californica were not detected in this study.1
Biology and Immature Stages of Three Species of Otitidae (Diptera) Which Have Saprophagous Larvae

In northeastern Ohio, adults of Delphinia picta (F.) were found from mid-May until late summer. The premating period averaged less than 2 days; the preoviposition period after mating was 3–7 days. Field-collected females each deposited 400–500 eggs in decaying herbaceous vegetation. Eggs hatched in 4–7 days, and larvae given rotting vegetation completed their development in 20–31 days. Larvae of the first generation pupated, with adults emerging 12–15 days later, but increasing percentages of the larvae of the second and subsequent generations entered diapause. Overwintering took place as diapausing mature larvae in the soil. The life history of Seioptera vibrans (L.) was generally similar to that of D. picta , but the larvae seemed to prefer dung or vegetation mixed with dung, and this species was univoltine. The latest seasonal record for adults was made on July 14. The life cycle of Physiphora demandata (F.) also resembled that of D. picta , but larvae could be reared only on dung or vegetation mixed with dung. The eggs, the 3 larval instars, and the puparia of the 3 species are described and illustrated. Possible trends in the exploitation of food sources are suggested. Most species of Otitidae apparently have saprophagous larvae, but a few show tendencies toward phytophagy, and 2 species are known to have larvae which are primary invaders of bulbs and roots of living plants.
Urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli in dogs infected with canine adenovirus.

Adenovirus-free mongrel dogs, whelped and caged in isolation rooms, were infected with canine adenovirus. At intervals thereafter, Escherichia coli was instilled in the urinary bladder. Of 25 dogs infected with canine adenovirus, 17 developed urinary tract infection and 12 pyelonephritis caused by E. coli. Of 18 dogs receiving injections of control materials, none developed E. coli infection. These findings, as well as previously reported experiments indicating that murine adenovirus infection reduced the resistance of the mouse kidney to infection with E. coli, suggest that human adenovirus may decrease the resistance of the human urinary tract to E. coli infection.
Recruitment techniques for alcohol pharmacotherapy clinical trials: A cost-benefit analysis.

OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent a large public health burden with relatively few efficacious pharmacotherapies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for new AUD therapies can be hampered by ineffective recruitment, leading to increased trial costs. The current analyses examined the effectiveness of recruitment efforts during two consecutive outpatient RCTs of novel AUD pharmacotherapies conducted between 2009 and 2012. METHODS During an initial phone screen, participants identified an ad source for learning about the study. Qualified persons were then scheduled for in-person screens. The present analyses examined demographic differences amongst the eight ad sources utilized. Recruitment effectiveness was determined by dividing the number of persons meeting criteria for an in-person screen by the total number of callers from each ad source. Cost-effectiveness was determined by dividing total ad source cost by number of screens, participants randomized, and completers. RESULTS 1,813 calls resulted in 1,005 completed phone screens. The most common ad source was TV (34%), followed by print (29%), word-of-mouth (11%), flyer (8%), internet (5%), radio (5%), bus ad (2%), and billboard (1%). Participants reporting bus ads (46%), billboard (44%), or print ads (34%) were significantly more likely than the other sources to meet criteria to be scheduled for in-person screens. The most cost-effective ad source was print ($2,506 per completer), while bus ad was the least cost-effective ($13,376 per completer). CONCLUSIONS Recruitment in AUD RCTs can be successful using diverse advertising methods. The present analyses favored use of print ads as most cost-effective.
Structural Measurements within the M-Domain Reveal Unique Details of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Phosphorylation

We have used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in atomic-level detail to resolve the structural changes associated with cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), focusing on the N-terminal phosphorylation motif (pm/M-domain). The results are supported by spectroscopic measurements, and have implications for cMyBP-C's role in myocardial contraction, with particular relevance to -adrenergic signaling, heart failure, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PKA phosphorylation in the pm mediates the affinity of cMyBP-C interactions with actin and the myosin-neck that modulate cardiac muscle contractility. Our spectroscopic studies using time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) had previously detected distance distributions between probe pairs engineered at sites of cMyBP-C domains C0 through C2. Phosphorylation reduces the level of molecular disorder and the distribution of N-terminal inter-domain distances become more compact (e.g., C1-to-C2). Here, we gain further insight from 20 independent microsecond-long MD simulations of the intrinsically disordered pm. We modeled the motif structure (residues His255-Lys356) and simulated the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated (Ser- 273, 282, and 302) characteristics of molecular disorder, secondary and tertiary structure, intra-motif distance measurements, surface accessibility, and predictions of binding probability. A large structural change in the disordered region of pm was revealed, whereby phosphorylation unmasks a surface of positively-charged residues on an α-helix within the ordered region of pm. Distance measurements between residues in the disordered N-terminal portion of the motif to the helix residues of the motif C-terminus changed proximity to one another by as much as 2 nm upon phosphorylation. These findings help to elucidate cMyBP-C structural dynamics, providing new molecular insight into the modulatory role of cMyBP-C in force development. This work was supported by NIH grants to DDT (R01 AR032961) and to BC (R00 HL122397) and to LME-F from the American Heart Association (12SDG12060656).
Between Art and Artifact: Approaches to Visual Representations in Historical Archaeology

Anthropology has a long history of exam ining the visual, from the work of early ethnographers who used photography as part of their documentation process to the present-day critiques by visual anthropologists (Edwards 1992; Pinney 1997; Moser 2001). As David MacDougall (1997:276) notes, "Anthropology has had no lack of interest in the visual; its problem has always been what to do with it." That is, while visual images are commonly used in anthropological interpretations (such as in academic publications, conference presentations, and museum displays), researchers rarely reflect on how images function in relation to the research process. Images have had, and continue to have, an impact on how archaeologists visualize and interpret the past (Moser 2001: 266). Representations of the past (be it the deep past or more recent decades) can serve to fix visions of past peoples and their activities, even when these images have been derived from and shaped by particular colonialist, aesthetic, or nationalist schema. Current visual anthropologists argue that images can never be taken at face value, as there is always a story behind an image. Simply put, images are not a direct window to the past. Such critiques are not new to historical archaeologists, and they mirror those of ethnohistorians (for instance, Patricia Galloway) who also argue that historical texts include more than what is on the page. Such critical approaches to the ethnohistorical record are reminders that archaeologists must be mindful of origin, intent, dissemination, 1
Next frontiers in CAR T-cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is entering a new era, transitioning from an experimental approach being tested in a handful of centers to a more mainstream and broadly investigated therapeutic platform with significant efforts directed towards commercial translation. CARs are synthetic receptors engineered and transduced into T cells to redirect T-cell cytotoxicity by recognition of cell surface antigens expressed on cancer cells.1,2 Ongoing innovations into the design and application of CAR T cells are aimed at improving antitumor potency and, at the same time, ensuring safety of this promising therapy.
Abstract 255: The Kidney and Heart are Hemogenic Organs During Embryonic Life.

During early embryonic life, the heart starts to beat before an effective circulation is established, and the kidney starts to form its vasculature before it connects to the general circulation. We and others have shown a close lineage relationship between endothelial cells (ECs) and hematopoietic cells. In fact, during embryonic development erythroblasts bud from the endothelium of developing vessels, a process we termed hemovasculogenesis. Those studies suggested the possibility that embryonic organs may have hemogenic potential. To test this hypothesis, we performed lineage studies and colony forming unit (CFC) assays to trace the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), erythroid cells, and ECs in heart and kidney from embryonic mice. Using ER-GFPcre mice that express both GFP and cre under control of the erythropoietin receptor locus in the erythroid cells, we identified hematopoietic progenitors (Hb+Nanog+) within nascent vessels in the early embryonic kidney and heart. Using EC-SCL-Cre-ERT transgenic mice that specifically express tamoxifen inducible Cre in EC progenitors, we found both circulating and non-circulating cells from the EC lineage in the early embryonic heart and kidney. CFC assays using HSC-SCL-Cre-ERT; mTmG mice (which express GFP in the cells from the HSC lineage upon tamoxifen induction) showed that both the embryonic kidney and heart possess HSCs. Further, transplantation studies of pre-vascular embryonic kidneys from EC-SCL-Cre-ERT;R26R mice under the kidney capsule of WT adult mice showed blood cells derived from the embryonic kidney suggesting that the embryonic kidney also possesses HSCs that originate in situ. These studies indicate that the embryonic kidney and heart function as hematopoietic organs during early embryogenesis. In addition to solve an important scientific controversy in our understanding of lineage/fate relationships in the developing embryo, these findings are relevant for tissue repair/regeneration and may help explain why under pathological circumstances, hematopoiesis occurs in extramedullary organs.
Hierarchal online temporal and spatial EEG seizure detection

Seizures affect a significant portion of the world's population and while a small proportion of the seizures are easy to detect, the vast majority are subtle enough to require the expertise of a neurologist. In this paper, we present a multifaceted computational approach to detecting the presence and locality of a seizure using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. We test the proposed approach using a variety of signals and demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.
Eye movement feedback fails to improve visual search performance.

Many real-world searches (e.g., radiology and baggage screening) have rare targets. When targets are rare, observers perform rapid, incomplete searches, leading to higher miss rates. To improve search for rare (10% prevalence) targets, we provided eye movement feedback (EMF) to observers during their searches. Although the nature of the EMF varied across experiments, each method informed observers about the regions of the display that had not yet been inspected. We hypothesized that feedback would help guide attention to unsearched areas and increase the proportion of the display searched before making a target-absent response, thereby increasing accuracy. An eye tracker was used to mark fixated areas by either removing a semiopaque gray overlay (Experiments 1 and 4) as portions of the display were fixated or by adding the overlay once the eye left a segment of the image (Experiments 2 and 4). Experiment 3 provided automated EMF, such that a new region was uncovered every 540 milliseconds. Across experiments, we varied whether people searched for “Waldo” in images from “Where’s Waldo?” search books or searched for a T among offset Ls. We found weak evidence that EMF improves accuracy in Experiment 1. However, in the remaining experiments, EMF had no effect (Experiment 4), or even reduced accuracy (Experiments 2 and 3). We conclude that the one positive result we found is likely a Type I error and that the EMF method that we used is unlikely to improve visual search performance.
Campus Sexual Assault: College Women Respond By Lauren Germain

In the current climate of heightened awareness of sexual violence on campus, administrators and educators frequently struggle to make sense of the competing and conflicting messages about how to re...
Pathways of Hsp70 Release: Lessons from Cytokine Secretion

Heat shock proteins (HSP) have an essential role in the cytoplasm of all cells in mediating protein quality control. However, in addition to these molecular chaperone properties, HSP play additional extracellular roles as mediators of inflammation and immunity. Because of their lack of a signal sequence and exclusion from the classical secretion pathways, it was initially assumed that extracellular HSPs resulted from cell necrosis and release of cell contents. However, non-canonical protein secretion pathways have been described, and have been studied intensively for the cytokine interleukin-1b (IL-1b). At least four mechanisms have been described, including: (1) IL-1b entry into secretary lysosomes and secretion into the medium along with lysosomal enzymes; (2) shedding of microvesicles from the membrane that contain IL-1b; (3) release of IL-1b directly through the membrane bound to a conjectured secreted-protein-transporter and; (4) formation of multivesicular bodies containing IL-1b and MHC class II within recycling endosomes and release of IL-1b entrapped in exosomes enclosed within the vesicles. Each of these mechanisms may be operative in HSP secretion and there is particularly strong evidence for mechanisms (1) and (4), in which either free Hsp70 is released through the endolysosome pathway or HSPs are secreted in association with exosomes. HSPs released through these mechanisms have intercellular signalling properties and can regulate phagocytosis, T and NK cell activation and release of cytokines in the acute inflammatory response. We discuss triggering mechanisms for HSP release, the pathways involved in HSP traverse of lipid membranes and the physiological consequences of HSP secretion.
Buffer Insertion for 3D IC

Despite the momentum 3D IC technology has gained recently, there has been little progress on timing optimization for 3D ICs. In this chapter, we first study the fact that Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) have large parasitic capacitances that increase signal slew. Next, we develop a buffer insertion algorithm that improves the delay of both 3D and 2D nets in a 3D IC with explicit consideration of signal slew. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated with various nets and full-chip results. Compared with the well-known van Ginneken algorithm and the timing-constraint-based 2D optimization by a commercial software, our algorithm finds buffering solutions with lower slew-aware delay and buffer usage with tolerable runtime overhead.
Mind Wandering and Other Lapses

Mind wandering is a universal human experience in which the focus of attention temporarily shifts from what we are doing. This article describes how to conceptualize these shifts in attention as changes in the flow of information through an attentional system and considers the different explanations offered for why such shifts occur in the first place. Studies are discussed which describe the situations which promote the occurrence of mind wandering, the consequences of these lapses on the integrity of the task, and the results of neuroimaging studies on how these covert shifts occur in the waking brain.
Multiport and Single-Site Robotic Cholecystectomy

This chapter reviews the fundamentals and technology, robotic setup, general operative technique, and adoption considerations for robotic-assisted multiport and single-site cholecystectomy. Basic fundamental knowledge of the robotic system, the procedure setup, and instrumentation is critical prior to performing robotic-assisted cholecystectomy. A graduated training program that includes online education, simulation, direct observation, bedside assistance, and case proctoring is important for the implementation of a safe and effective robotic-assisted cholecystectomy.
Multilingual Extension of Dependency Parsing and Annotation

Dependency parsing is considered as the state of the art technology for a better information extraction methodology in Natural Language Processing. With the ever-growing need for linguistic analysis for different languages, the demand for multilingual dependency parsing has increased dramatically. In this research work we studied a novel collection of treebanks with homogeneous syntactic dependency annotation [1] for six languages along with other recent techniques in this area. We investigated the possibility of adding new languages in this module and successfully added universal Bangla dependency annotation. Additionally, we combined simple and complex feature representations to improve parsing output.
Activated cGKII inhibits cell proliferation, Sox9 expression and Akt phosphorylation in human glioma cell lines

LB-60 We previously used a glioma model to identify loci in the mouse genome that were repeatedly targeted by PDGF-containing Moloney murine leukemia viruses. The gene Prkg2 , encoding cGMP-dependent protein kinase II, cGKII, was tagged by retroviral insertions in two brain tumors. The insertions were both situated upstream of the kinase domain and suggested to create a truncated form of the cGKII protein. Prkg2 is expressed in murine brain tumors but not in established glioma cell lines. We transfected Prkg2 -deficient human glioma cell lines with Prkg2 and found an overall reduction in colony formation and cell proliferation compared to controls transfected with truncated Prkg2 (lacking the kinase domain) or empty vector. More immature glioma cell lines, positive for Sox2 and Sox9 transcription factors, showed a reduced Sox9 expression when Prkg2 was stably transfected. When cGKII was activated by cGMP analog treatment, Sox9 expression was further suppressed and the glioma cell lines displayed loss of cell adhesion, inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and G1 arrest. Expression analysis of stem and glial lineage cell markers suggests that cGKII differentiates glioma cell lines. Moreover, cGKII expression that is often lost in early passages during in vitro culturing in normal oxygen conditions was sustained when primary brain cells were cultured in stem cell conditions or hypoxia. Hypoxic culturing conditions also correlated with lower cGMP levels. The role of cGKII loss during establishing human glioma cell lines is currently evaluated using primary tumor samples. The present findings describe a suppressive role of cGKII in human glioma biology and would further explain the retroviral tagging of the cGKII gene during brain tumor formation in PDGF-induced tumors.
Abstract P3-05-02: Not presented

This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Gruber JJ, Chen J, Geller B, Jager N, Lipchik AM, Snyder MP. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-02.
Increasing oxygen consumption and survival with fluid resuscitation therapy for hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Recovery from hemorrhagic shock has been reported to depend on the restoration of oxygen delivery to the tissues [Clowes, 1971; Crowell and Smith, 1964]. Oxygen consumption decreases during hemorrhage, due to reduced blood flow rates, and it has been noted that this decrease correlates with mortality [Wilson et al., 1972].
Suppression of genomic instability by replicative senescence and crisis

Replicative senescence and crisis are proliferative barriers, activated as a response to telomere shortening and the resulting loss of chromosome end protection. Cells that enter replicative senescence usually maintain a stable genome, while bypass of senescence through loss of p53 and Rb pathways leads to the accumulation of chromosomal end-to-end fusions. Such fusions activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and a cell death program referred to as replicative crisis. Crisis is remarkably effective in removing cells that have bypassed senescence from the population; however, rarely cells escape, which then are thought to progress to a malignant phenotype. These observations suggest that crisis is the final barrier against cancer formation, yet it is still poorly understood how cells die in crisis, in which molecular cascades play a role in escape from crisis, and whether cells that emerge from crisis can be considered as cancer cells, pinpointing that a better understanding of these pathways is critical to target cancer formation in its earliest stages.
Conducting Effective Retreats

Creating and running effective, efficient, successful faculty retreats is both an art and a science. The best retreats are designed with the end in mind, understanding goals, objectives, and desired outcomes first. Timing is an important consideration, as is the content and who to include. A common challenge is managing dominant personalities, personal agendas, and power dynamics. Other important components to consider are whether to hire a facilitator, how to structure the agenda, and what to do to sustain momentum afterward. Understanding the fundamental components of a good retreat design limits damage and elevates successful outcomes.
E-016 A modified rabbit elastase induced aneurysm that shows continued inflammation and growth

Introduction Animal models of saccular aneurysms are stable following creation, and do not actively remodel or rupture. Recently, rodent models of aneurysm wall remodeling and rupture have been described by surgical grafting of decellularized arterial tissue.1 We sought to 1) develop and apply a modified in situ decellularization approach, not require complex grafting procedures, in a large animal model of saccular aneurysms and 2) investigate modified aneurysmal expansion and inflammation using in vivo imaging. Methods 18 New Zealand White rabbits (3.0–3.5 kg) underwent standard elastinolysis aneurysm creation of the right common carotid artery. The animals were randomized 2:1 to receive isolated vessel SDS treatment (perfusion with 1% solution for 45 min) or nothing. Every two weeks until week 8, three of the rabbits (2 SDS+elastase, 1 elastase), were subjected to MR imaging,2 followed by contrast injection with stable macrocyclic gadolinium(III)-based contrast agent that has been shown to selectively enhance the areas of vessel wall myeloperoxidase (MPO) accumulation.3 4 The MRI was repeated at 3 hours post contrast injection and the enhancement ratio (ER) was calculated. All aneurysms were measured for size by digital subtraction angiography. Results Of the 17 rabbits included in the study, 11 were treated in situ with SDS following elastase incubation and 6 served as controls. One SDS-treated rabbit was excluded due to rupture of the carotid artery during recovery. During follow-up MR imaging the ER was greater than 1 for all SDS-treated animals, whereas the controls had an ER of greater than 1 only at the two-week timepoint (consistent with the expected healing process). Average ER for SDS-treated animals was 1.63±0.20, while control animals had an ER of 1.02±0.06 (p Conclusions During the 12 weeks post aneurysm creation, MPO-mediated MR signal enhancement was continuously detected within the wall of the aneurysm, and other than at 2 weeks, only in the SDS-treated animals. This novel modified large animal aneurysm model is expected to be useful for testing of new therapies that rely on not only the mechanical properties of the aneurysm but also the biological processes that make aneurysms vulnerable to rupture. References Stroke 2014;45:248–254. AJNR2015;36:146–52. Radiology 2009;252:696–703. Sci Rep 2018;8:7687. Disclosures R. King: None. J. Caroff: 1; C; FullBright. A. Leopardi: None. A. Bogdanov: None. M. Gounis: None.
Abdominal Supracervical Hysterectomy With Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy as the Surgical Approach for a 22-Week Uterus With Incidental Endometrial Polyp Focal Atypia.

A 49-year-old perimenopausal female presented with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and chronic lower abdominal pain with associated urinary urgency. The patient elected to have an abdominal supracervical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a large, symptomatic fibroid uterus. Preoperative ultrasounds revealed a uterine size of 22 x 20 x 17 cm and a 15.9 x 13 x 9 x 9.2 cm subserosal fibroid occupying the majority of the fundus and body of the uterus. Under general anesthesia, abdominal supracervical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with a midline vertical incision were completed. Pathology reported a uterus with multiple leiomyomata as well as endometrial polyps with focal atypical endometrial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. Overall, the uterine corpus with one attached adnexa weighed 3433 g and was 25.8 x 20.3 x 15cm. Choice of surgical approach in a hysterectomy depends upon clinical circumstances, the surgeon's technical expertise, and patient preference. Although minimally invasive hysterectomies via vaginal and laparoscopic approaches are now preferred due to decreased hospitalization stays and postoperative recovering times, individualized treatment plans for patients should be considered depending on uterine size and the possibility of not achieving adequate exposure, which may lead to complications. As this case presents, an abdominal hysterectomy is an important option for certain patients where the use of other approaches could pose significant risk.
Behavioral health home impact on transitional care and readmissions among adults with serious mental illness.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Maryland's behavioral health homes (BHHs) on receipt of follow-up care and readmissions following hospitalization among Medicaid enrollees with serious mental illness (SMI). Data sources Maryland Medicaid administrative claims for 12 232 individuals. Study design Weighted marginal structural models were estimated to account for time-varying exposure to BHH enrollment and time-varying confounders. These models compared changes over time in outcomes among BHH and comparison participants. Outcome measures included readmissions and follow-up care within 7 and 30 days following hospitalization. Data collection/extraction methods Eligibility criteria included continuous enrollment in Medicaid for the first two years of the study period; 21-64 years; and use of psychiatric rehabilitation services. Principal findings Over three years, BHH enrollment was associated with 3.8 percentage point (95% CI: 1.5, 6.1) increased probability of having a mental health follow-up service within 7 days of discharge from a mental illness-related hospitalization and 1.9 percentage point (95% CI: 0.0, 3.9) increased probability of having a general medical follow-up within 7 days of discharge from a somatic hospitalization. BHHs had no effect on probability of readmission. Conclusions BHHs may improve follow-up care for Medicaid enrollees with SMI, but effects do not translate into reduced risk of readmission.
BURNOUT SYNDROME IN RELATION TO THE SENSITIVITY OF NURSES, TEACHERS AND SOCIAL WORKERS

Background and objectives: Burnout syndrome is considered as a serious public health problem that affects workers especially in the helping professions. For the effective prevention of this negative phenomenon, it is important to identify the preventive factors. One such factor to combat job burnout is the meaning of life. The primary goal of the paper is to examine the relationship between burnout syndrome and different dimensions of meaning of life among the selected helping professions (teaching, social work and nursing) in Slovakia. Methods: The research sample consisted of 212 assistants who participated in the survey and answered to the research tools aimed at identifying the meaning of life and burnout syndrome. Data were analyzed by inductive statistics including (ANOVA), correlation and regression analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the level of burnout syndrome and meaning of life in the professions under study. Furthermore, it was found that workers with higher level of affective component in their meaning of life experienced a lower degree of emotional exhaustion (β = -. 37, p <.001) and higher personal performance (β = .35, p <.001). Workers who have a higher meaning in life in the affective and motivational component suffered from a lower degree of depersonalization (β = -. 49, p <.001; (β = .13, p <.05). Conclusions: A higher degree of meaning in life result in lower rate of burnout syndrome, and this finding should be integrated into the intervention strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of burnout syndrome. Regular reflections on the meaningfulness of work and life can be useful for the workers, especially during demanding and stressful periods. An existential approach seems to be very appropriate in this context.
Cross-tissue eQTL mapping in the presence of missing data via surrogate outcome analysis

Missing data are prevalent in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, where measurements from certain inaccessible tissues, such as the substantia nigra (SSN), are available at much smaller sample sizes than those from accessible tissues, such as blood. This severely limits power for identifying tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Here we propose Surrogate Phenotype Regression Analysis (Spray) for leveraging information from a correlated surrogate outcome (e.g. expression in blood) to improve inference on a partially missing target outcome (e.g. expression in SSN). Rather than regarding the surrogate outcome as a proxy for the target outcome, Spray jointly models the target and surrogate outcomes within a bivariate regression framework. Unobserved values of either outcome are regarded as missing data. We describe and implement an expectation conditional maximization algorithm for performing estimation in the presence of bilateral outcome missingness. We then demonstrate analytically, via the asymptotic relative efficiency, and empirically, through simulations and tissue-specific eQTL mapping, that in comparison with marginally modeling the target outcome, jointly modeling the target and surrogate outcomes increases estimation precision and improves power.
Mechanistically Informed Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Fire Engineering and Sciences

Fire is a chaotic and extreme phenomenon. While the past few years have witnessed the success of integrating machine intelligence (MI) to tackle equally complex problems in parallel fields, we continue to shy away from leveraging MI to study fire behavior or to evaluate fire performance of materials and structures. In order to advocate for the use of MI, this review showcases the merit of adopting mechanistically-informed MI to answer some of the burning questions, multi-dimensional and ill-defined problems fire engineers and scientists are facing. This review also sympathizes with the fact that a traditional curriculum does not often cover principles of MI and hence it starts by introducing a number of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as deep learning, metaheuristics, decision trees, random forest, support vector machines etc. Then, this review details recommended procedures associated with preparing databases and carrying out a proper MI-tailored fire analysis via examples; to enable researchers and practitioners from implementing MI with ease. Towards the end of this review, a number of concerns and challenges are identified to stimulate the curiosity of interested readers and accelerate future research works within fire engineering and sciences (FES).
Histological Method to Assess Photoreceptor Light Damage and Protection by Survival Factors

Constant light damage in albino rats has become a useful model for testing the therapeutic potential of survival factors to protect photoreceptors from cell damage and death. Considerable variation occurs among animals in light damage experiments. An additional complication with the light damage model is that less damaged photoreceptors show greater protection by a given survival factor than those that are more severely damaged by light. A method is described that allows for comparison of relatively small numbers of animals and considers variability, relative degree of protection by survival factors and other qualitative measures of damage.
Endotoxic shock in the primate: Effects of aspirin and dipyridamole administration

A primate model was utilized to study the cardiovascular and coagulation effects of endotoxic shock. The therapeutic effectiveness of drugs such as aspirin and dipyridamole, which diminish platelet aggregation and adherence, were evaluated. From the data, it appears that the kidney is a target organ in endotoxic shock, at least when a bolus injection of endotoxin is administered. The precipitate falls in the renal artery flow (p less than 0.01) and platelet count (p less than 0.01), which occur 3 minutes after the intravenous injection of endotoxin, can be prevented in part by pretreatment with aspirin (40 mg/kg of body weight). The changes in the coagulation profile were of less magnitude, and the fibrin degradation products appeared late in the group pretreated with aspirin as compared to the other groups. The combination of dipyridamole and aspirin was not as effective as aspirin alone in achieving the apparently protective effect. The study suggests that the administration of aspirin to patients with gram-negative infections may be beneficial.
Work relations as a precursor to a psychological climate for change

The current study focuses the impact of leadership and teams on employees’ psychological climate for change. Integrating streams of research from the change, organizational climate, leader‐member exchange (LMX), and group dynamics literature, the paper proposes that supervisors and teams will shape employees’ climate perceptions as a function of the relationship quality employees experience with these two social units. The impact of the supervisor’s and team’s personal view of the climate, as well as the dyadic quality‐supervisor climate view interaction, and team relations quality‐team climate view interaction were also examined. Results support a main effect for LMX, team relation quality, and team climate view on employee psychological climate for change. In addition, results revealed a multiplicative effect for LMX and supervisor climate view. Overall, the findings suggest that both types of work relationships employees share may serve as potential mechanisms for transforming employees toward change.
Outer flatness: Trajectory generation for a model helicopter

This paper introduces the concept of outer flatness, a derivative of differential flatness. Outer flatness describes a system that can be split in 2 subsytems, a non-flat inner system and a flat outer system. The outputs of the outer system are the tracking outputs of interest. The inputs of the outer system are the outputs of the inner system, and not subject to our direct control. The inputs of the inner system are the real actuator inputs. This system structure is also present in backstepping and dynamic inversion. We present two theorems on exponential and bounded tracking for outer flat systems, based on Lyapunoff arguments. We validate the approach with simulations and experiments on a model helicopter.
Cryoelectron Microscopy Applications in the Study of Tubulin Structure, Microtubule Architecture, Dynamics and Assemblies, and Interaction of Microtubules with Motors

Cryo-EM is ideally suited for the study of cytoskeleton polymers and their interaction with cellular partners. Our understanding of microtubule (MT) structure and interactions has benefited tremendously from the application of different EM techniques, from the use of electron crystallography to determine the first high-resolution structure of tubulin, to electron tomographic reconstructions of unique MT-based organelles; from molecular details governing the regulated interaction of MTs with kinesin motors, to an atomic description of how antimitotic agents bind to tubulin and affect MT stability. In this chapter, we review these structural findings with an emphasis on how cryo-EM enables our studies.