cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Angiographic Significance of a Normal Thallium-201 Tomographic Study in Patients With a Strongly Positive Exercise Electrocardiogram

Among 23,059 patients who underwent exercise myocardial tomography between 1985 and 1994 at our institution, there were 817 (3.5%) with a strongly positive exercise electrocardiogram and normal myocardial tomograms. Among these, 52 patients had no conditions known to be associated with a false-positive exercise electrocardiogram and no previous coronary revascularization, and underwent coronary angiography. Of the 32 patients with significant coronary stenoses, 50% had 1-vessel disease and only 22% had 3-vessel disease (p <0.05). Among 55 stenosed arteries, 56% were of moderate severity (50 to 74%), whereas only 9% had subtotal or total occlusion (95 to 100%) (p <0.001). There was a significant gender difference in the prevalence of significant coronary stenoses (80% in male vs 24% in female patients, p <0.0001). A strongly positive exercise electrocardiogram coupled with normal exercise myocardial tomograms is a rare clinical finding. In women, this finding is usually associated with normal coronary arteries, whereas in men it often denotes coronary artery disease, usually of mild to moderate degree. (Am J Cardiol 1996;78:638–641)
Ising gauge theory at negative temperatures and spin-glasses

We study the $Z(2)$ coupled spin-gauge theory at negative gauge coupling. We find two frustrated phases and a disordered phase in both three and four dimensions. All critical lines are of first order in four dimensions. In three dimensions, the frustration \ensuremath{\leftrightarrow} frustration transition as well as one of the frustration \ensuremath{\leftrightarrow} disorder lines appear to be of second order. We find that the contour in the coupling parameter space along which the unit Wilson loop vanishes intersects a transition line only at infinite negative gauge coupling and infinite spin-spin coupling. This indicates that, contrary to a recent conjecture, this contour cannot describe a transition in spin-glasses.
Catheter Ablation of the Atrial Origin of a Decrementally Conducting Atriofascicular Accessory Pathway by Radiofrequency Current

Radiofrequency Ablation of Pseudo-Mahaim Fibers. Introduction: A young woman with refractory recurrent supraventricular tachycardia was referred for catheter ablation. Methods and Results: Electrophysiologic studies revealed the mechanism of tachycardia to be atrioventricular (AV) reentry, utilizing a decrementally conducting atriofascicular accessory pathway as the anterograde limb of the circuit and the normal intraventricular conducting system as the retrograde limb. Pace mapping in the right atrium during sinus rhythm suggested an atrial origin of the accessory pathway several centimeters distant from the AV node. Multiple radiofrequency lesions at the distal insertion of the accessory pathway in or near the right bundle branch failed to abolish preexcitation. In contrast, radiofrequency current applied to the ventricular side of the anterolateral tricuspid ring, adjacent to the atrial origin of the accessory pathway, was successful in abolishing preexcitation and inducible supraventricular tachycardia without affecting AV nodal conduction. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation can provide curative therapy for intractable supraventricular tachycardia due to decrementally-conducting atriofascicular accessory pathways. The risk of AV block in such patients as a consequence of the procedure should be quite low.
Antibodies to glutamate, aspartate and glycyl-D-aspartate reversibly suppress stimulus-evoked, extracellularly recorded responses in slices of rat neocortex.

Abstract Polyclonal antibodies raised against glutamate, aspartate and the dipeptide, glycyl- d -aspartate were dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) and administered at concentrations as low as 0.05% to slices of prefrontal cortex maintained in vitro. These antisera caused a reversible attenuation of evoked field potentials and/or single-unit activity recorded extracellularly following the delivery of shocks to the underlying white matter, or to cortical layer IV. To the best of our knowledge, this result provides the first demonstration using electrophysiological recording, of the use of a transmitter-specific antibody as a blocker of synaptic transmission in living slices of the central nervous system (CNS). The results lend support to the suggestion that glutamate, aspartate, and a molecule related closely to glycyl- d -aspartate, are involved in synaptic transmission at major pathways within prefrontal cortex.
GIS technology applied to environmental control energy analysis: An example

Energy is an important factor in the economics of agricultural building. Environmental and management variables induce spatial and temporal variation in energy need. Coupling a climate database and agricultural building energy model to a geographical information system makes it possible to estimate areal and peak energy needs for temperature and humidity control. The application of the GIS technology is demonstrated in this paper by using a greenhouse energy model as an example. Manyfold differences in greenhouse energy need between diverse sites demonstrated the need to invest in developing easy to use energy evaluation systems.
A Review of: “INTELLIGENT DECISION SUPPORT”: Handbook of Applications and Advances of the Rough Set Theory, edited by Roman Slowinski, Kluwer, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 1992, xvii+471 pages. ISBN 0-7923-1923-0.

(1996). A Review of: “INTELLIGENT DECISION SUPPORT”: Handbook of Applications and Advances of the Rough Set Theory, edited by Roman Slowinski, Kluwer, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 1992, xvii+471 pages. ISBN 0-7923-1923-0. International Journal of General Systems: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 176-177.
Computation of electronic transition moments : the length versus the velocity representation

We have compared transition moments (TMs) obtained using the length and velocity representations for transitions from the ground state of H2 to the lowest two1Π u and two1Σ u + Rydberg states, theA1Π−X1Σ+ transition in BH, and theA1Π u −X1Σ g + transition in C2. For H2, the TMs in the length and velocity representations agree well even in cases where the one-particle basis is incomplete and the TM has not converged. For BH and C2 the TM in the length representation converges rapidly with improvements in the one-particle basis set and is insensitive to inner-shell correlation. In contrast, in the velocity representation convergence with improvements in the one-particle basis is much slower, especially for C2, and the TMs are significantly changed by inner-shell correlation. Thus the difference between the TMs in the length and velocity representations would not appear to be a viable diagnostic of TM convergence.
Site-directed recombination in the genome of transgenic tobacco.

The plant genome responds to the bacteriophage P1-derived loxP-Cre site-specific recombination system. Recombination took place at loxP sites stably integrated in the tobacco genome, indicating that the Cre recombinase protein, expressed by a chimeric gene also stably resident in the genome, was able to enter the nucleus and to locate a specific 34 bp DNA sequence. An excisional recombination event was monitored by the acquisition of kanamycin resistance, which resulted from the loss of a polyadenylation signal sequence that interrupted a chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase 11 gene. Molecular analysis confirmed that the excision had occurred. Recombination occurred when plants with the integrated loxP construction were stably re-transformed with a chimeric cre gene and when plants with the introduced loxP construction were cross-bred with those carrying the chimeric cre gene. As assayed phenotypically, site-specific recombination could be detected in 50%–100% of the plants containing both elements of the system. Kanamycin resistance was detected at 2–3 weeks after re-transformation and in the first leaf of hybrid seedlings. This demonstration of the effectiveness of the loxP-Cre system in plants provides the basis for development of this system for such purposes as directing site-specific integration and regulation of gene expression.
Bicuculline administered into the amygdala blocks benzodiazepine-induced amnesia

This experiment investigated the effect of intra-amygdala administration of the GABAergic antagonist bicuculline methiodide on benzodiazepine-induced amnesia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the amygdala and allowed to recover for 1 week. Ten minutes before training in a continuous multiple trial inhibitory avoidance task a buffer solution or bicuculline methiodide (56 pmol/0.5 microliters) was injected bilaterally into the amygdala and this injection was immediately followed by a systemic injection of saline or midazolam (1.0 mg/kg). In comparison with saline controls, midazolam-treated animals required more trials to reach the acquisition criterion of remaining in the starting chamber for 100 s. The midazolam effect on acquisition was not attenuated by intra-amygdala infusion of bicuculline methiodide, suggesting that the midazolam-induced changes in acquisition behavior do not involve the amygdaloid GABAergic system. On a 48-h retention test the performance of the midazolam-treated animals was significantly poorer than that of the controls. However, the retention performance of animals given intra-amygdala injections of bicuculline methiodide prior to the systemic injection of midazolam was comparable to that of the saline controls. These results suggest that the amygdaloid GABAergic system mediates the impairing effects of midazolam on retention of inhibitory avoidance training.
Association between work-family conflict and musculoskeletal pain among hospital patient care workers.

Background A growing body of evidence suggests that work–family conflict is an important risk factor for workers' health and well-being. The goal of this study is to examine association between work–family conflict and musculoskeletal pain among hospital patient care workers. Methods We analyzed a cross-sectional survey of 1,119 hospital patient care workers in 105 units in two urban, academic hospitals. Work–family conflict was measured by 5-item Work–Family Conflict Scale questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to examine associations between work–family conflict and self-reported musculoskeletal pain in the past 3 months, adjusting for covariates including work-related psychosocial factors and physical work factors. Results In fully adjusted models, high work–family conflict was strongly associated with neck or shoulder pain (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.64–3.34), arm pain (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.64–4.75), lower extremity pain (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.54–3.15) and any musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.56–3.85), and a number of body areas in pain (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.82–3.36) in the past 3 months. The association with low back pain was attenuated and became non-significant after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions Given the consistent associations between work–family conflict and self-reported musculoskeletal pains, the results suggest that work–family conflict could be an important domain for health promotion and workplace policy development among hospital patient care workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:488–495, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of annealing in air on the steady state creep rate of copper and silver at low pressures

Abstract Creep curves of high purity polyorystalline copper and silver samples were measured in a vacuum of 10 −5 to 10 −7 torr at temperatures between 500° and 850°C. It was found that the minimum creep rate of copper decreased by more than a factor of 3 if samples were annealed in air in the unloaded state between two high vacuum tests at the same temperature. The creep rate of silver did not change under the same testing conditions.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A SHORT FORM PERIDININ-CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN (PCP) cDNA AND PROTEIN FROM THE SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATE SYMBIODINIUM MUSCATINEI (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM THE SEA ANEMONE ANTHOPLEURA ELEGANTISSIMA (CNIDARIA) 1

Peridinin-chl-proteins (PCPs) are highly abundant light harvesting pigment proteins unique to the photosynthetic dinoflagellates. Although extensive studies have examined PCP proteins, only four complete pcp nucleotide sequences have been reported to date. PCPs occur in two different forms, a short form with a molecular mass of 14–16 kDa and a long form with a mass of 30–35 kDa, which is thought to have arisen by a gene duplication event. This study describes PCP and its cDNA from Symbiodinium muscatinei (LaJeunesse and Trench), a symbiotic dino-flagellate resident in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt). Two-dimensional PAGE of S. muscatinei proteins revealed numerous strongly staining spots at a molecular mass of 15.7 and varying pIs. The N-terminal peptide sequence from one of these spots could be successfully aligned with PCPs from other dinoflagellates, and a complete cDNA sequence was generated by reverse transcriptase PCR, using primers based on the peptide sequence. Northern analyses of RNA revealed a single 1.0-kb band, suggesting that only the short form of the gene is expressed. The S. muscatinei pcp predicted amino acid sequence displayed a 50%–70% identity with the other known pcp sequences. Interestingly, S. muscatinei PCP was best aligned with the only other short form sequence known, that from Heterocapsa pygmaea, and not with the long form from the congener Symbiodinium sp. from the coral Acropora formosa. Phylogenetic analysis of the five pcp sequences suggests that the PCP gene family is divided into two distinct clades, a short form and a long form, and indicates the existence of two separate genes for the two forms.
Reservoir Velocity Analysis On a Massively Parallel Connection Machine

I develop and implement a 3-D prestack time migration velocity analysis algorithm for reservoir characterization on a massively parallel Connection Machine. It is mostly CP17 bound and currently runs at about 420 Mflop/s on an 8k processor CM-Z. These results are expected to scale fairly linearly on a full 64k processor CM-2 to over 3 Gflop/s. I tested the algorithm on a marine data set recorded over a producing gas reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico. This example shows a variation of at least 100 m/s in migration velocity, or about 500 m/s in interval velocity, in about 700 m distance along the gas reservoir unit. The estimated velocity variation correlates with AVO bright and dim spots, suggesting a technique for mapping 3-D spatial reservoir gas saturation and hydrocarbon pore volume.
Locus of control and treatment dropout in an alcoholic population.

Summary An experiment was conducted to determine whether an individual's locus of control was associated with premature drop-out from treatment. No association was found, but a tendency was observed amongst those who remained in treatment to have more homogeneous attitudes. The possibility that measures of locus of control can be utilized as indicators of social cohesion should be explored.
Unfolding epidemiological stories: how the WHO made frozen blood into a flexible resource for the future.

Abstract In the decades after World War II, the World Health Organization (WHO) played an important role in managing the process of stabilizing collections of variable blood samples as a fundamentally unstable, protean, and unfolding biomedical resource. In this system, known and as yet unknown constituents of blood were positioned as relevant to the work of multiple constituencies including human population geneticists, physical anthropologists, and immunologists. To facilitate serving these and other constituencies, it was crucial to standardize practices of collecting and preserving samples of blood from globally distributed human populations. The WHO achieved this by linking its administrative infrastructure—comprised of expert advisory groups and technical reports—to key laboratories, which served as sites for demonstrating and also for disseminating standards for working with variable blood samples. The practices that were articulated in making blood samples into a flexible resource contributes to emerging histories of global health that highlight the centrality of new institutions, like the WHO, new forms of expertise, like population genetics and serological epidemiology, and new kinds of research materials, like frozen blood.
Analysis of a Dual Etalon Fabry Perot Cavity for application in a Geostationary Coastal Water Imager

High spatial-spectral resolution space based observations in visible-near infrared VNIR portion of the spectrum are required for a variety of remote sensing applications including ocean color, land surface classification, and atmospheric monitoring. In conventional approaches, the spectral selectivity is accomplished by means of interferometry, a series of pass-band filters (channels), or grating based spectrometers selectively designed to cover the spetral domain of interest for a given application. Unfortunately, these schemes are not able to modify the spectral channels for different applications as may be required for an all purpose imager. To accomplish tunability, we examine the feasibility of using Fabry Perot technology and show that by using a dual etalon system, we can achieve sufficient sensitivity and spectral filtration for ocean color observations which are the most difficult radiometrically. System specifications are oultlined and signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimates are developed as a function of the pixel-pixel integration time. Finally, the effects of out of band signals are considered and it is shown that a signal inversion scheme can be used for accurate retrieval of signals.
Cervical lymphatics, the blood-brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: a new view

This new view of the immunoreactivity of the normal brain is based on three key components. First, there is an active and highly-regulated communication between the brain and the central immune organs. Secondly, the connection from the brain to the draining nodes is much larger than previously appreciated. And third, the blood-brain barrier, by virtue of its selective permeability properties, contributes to the regulation of immunoregulatory cells and molecules in the brain cell microenvironment.
Radiative transfer over small distances from a heated metal.

Published works have predicted that the radiative transfer from a heated metal to a lossless dielectric a short distance away is many orders of magnitude times the free-space Planck density. It is shown analytically that the radiative transfer from a heated metal to a lossless dielectric of index n(3) is n(3)(2)e(13) times the free-space Planck density, where e(13) is the emissivity of the metal radiating into the lossless dielectric. This radiative transfer is never larger than n(3)(2) (approximately one order of magnitude for semiconductors in the infrared) times the free=space Planck density. The expressions presented show that the maximum radiative transfer from a lossy metallic heat source with a dielectric function of imaginary part ?(I) must be proportional to n(3)(3)/ radical?(I), of which a factor of n(3)(2) arises from the power density within a dielectric and a factor of n(3)/ radical?(I) arises from the emissivity of a metal radiating directly into a dielectric.
The rôle of measurement in the downfall of a system: Some examples from sixteenth century comet and nova observations

Abstract While the “new” star of 1572 was still visible there were statements to the effect that it was further from the Earth than the Moon, and therefore refuted the Aristotelian doctrine of the immutability of the heavens. The same is true of the comet of 1577 which, in addition, was thought to move across the supposedly crystalline spheres, and these eventually were discarded. Very crude measurements, some made without any instrument or with a thread held before the eyes, sufficed to indicate the supra-lunar position of the two phenomena. Slightly more accurate observations attested to the comet's motion across the spheres. Tycho Brahe's compilation of all the available observations, including his own quite accurate measurements, such as those of the distance of the nova at upper and lower culmination from a known fixed star in nearly the same meridian, gave weight to the acceptance of the supra-lunar position of novae and comets by the next generation of astronomers. The downfall of a system cannot be complete without the adoption of a new one. Discarding the spheres, which for centuries had accounted for the motion of the planets, necessitated the discovery of some other cause for their motion. In addition, the two phenomena strengthened Tycho's determination to observe the heavenly bodies carefully, and his observations were of just the right degree of accuracy to enable Kepler to derive the laws of planet motion.
The rate of convergence of dykstra's cyclic projections algorithm: The polyhedral case

Suppose K is the intersection of a finite number of closed half-spaces in a Hilbert space X. Starting with any point xeX, it is shown that the sequence of iterates {x n } generated by Dykstra's cyclic projections algorithm satisfies the inequality for all n, where P K (x) is the nearest point in K to x;, ρ is a constant, and 0 ≤c<1. In the case when K is the intersection of just two closed half-spaces, a stronger result is established: the sequence of iterates is either finite or satisfies for all n, where c is the cosine of the angle between the two functionals which define the half-spaces. Moreover, the constant c is the best possible. Applications are made to isotone and convex regression, and linear and quadratic programming.
Benzene and ethylene binding to copper(I)-ziconium(IV) chloride materials : The crystal structure and solid-state reactivity of ((bz)2Cu)2Zr2Cl10 . bz

The solvothermal reaction of Cu 2 ZrCl 6 and ZrCl 4 in benzene is shown to yield the molecular species ((bz) 2 Cu) 2 Zr 2 Cl 10 · bz ( 1 ), which is characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of edge-shared dimers of zirconium chloride octahedra whose axial chlorides are bridged by bis-benzene chlorocuprate fragments. The Cu 2 Zr 2 tetramers are linked in the crystal lattice by edge-to-face π-stacking of the coordinated and lattice benzene molecules, as well as benzene-to-chloride hydrogen bonding. Benzene is lost from this material in a stepwise fashion resulting in what are described to be chain, ((bz)Cu) 2 Zr 2 Cl 10 ( 2 ) and layered clay-type materials, Cu 2 Zr 2 Cl 10 ( 3 ). The desolvated materials, 2 and 3 , reversibly sorb ethylene, as characterized by sorption isotherms, in situ pressure-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
Acute rheumatic fever and valvular damage

Abstract In a number of studies 1, 2, 3 of rheumatic fever, it has been emphasized that the age of the patient at the onset of the disease, the number of attacks, and the character of the illness are important factors in the development of permanent valvular damage. The concept that factors inherent in the patient himself may be of equal or greater importance has received little attention. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of the character of the disease, as opposed to the constitutional make-up of the patient, in determining the occurrence of permanent cardiac damage after rheumatic fever.
Migration of plutonium in rock: incorrect dispersion formula

Fried et al. have reported some very interesting laboratory work on the retention of plutonium and americium by rock. They experimentally model a fissure, in view of the possibility that, in the event of a release of radioactive waste underground, the bulk of the waste isotopes might travel through fissures. However, the sweeping conclusions drawn by Fried et al. concerning the hazards associated with the release of transuranic elements from geological depositories are based on rather limited laboratory-scale experiments with the transuranic elements in ionic form and with rock types not including rock salt, granite, and shale, which are the rock types currently being considered as geologic media for the disposal of radioactive wastes. Conclusions about hazards will require a much broader base of data and analysis. In particular, the problem of the mobility of transuranic elements in organic complexes that are soluble in water will have to be confronted since the migration of these elements in those chemical forms would be essentially at groundwater velocities rather than at the slower rates, 10/sup 3/ to 10/sup 4/ times slower, that were measured by Fried et al. for ionic migration.
Adverse effects of neutrophils on the lung

Studies of both emphysema and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) support the premise that lung injury is due to unregulated host defense mechanisms. A major mediator of host defense and injury is the neutrophil, which is relatively incapable of regulating its own function. Accordingly, defects in regulatory mechanisms allow neutrophils to damage the lungs. Emphysema serves as a prime example of this link between host defense and injury. Hereditary emphysema is caused by a deficiency in alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), a protease inhibitor. The decreased levels of this enzyme in affected individuals result in inadequate protection against neutrophil elastase and other proteolytic enzymes, leading to lung damage. Patients with acquired emphysema, associated with cigarette smoking, have normal levels of alpha 1-AT in their lungs. However, the alpha 1-AT in these patients has a reduced ability to associate with and inhibit the action of neutrophil elastase. Thus, both types of emphysema involve an alteration in the balance between proteases and antiproteases. The lung damage observed in patients with ARDS also appears to involve neutrophils, but in this case elastase may not be the culprit. In these patients, neutrophil elastase appears to be inactivated by high levels of alpha 1-AT, thus preventing excess protease action. It is hoped that a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in host defense and injury will enable the development of specific therapeutic interventions, such as the alpha 1-AT replacement therapy that is being used to treat patients with hereditary emphysema.
Potassium uptake supporting plant growth in the absence of AKT1 channel activity: Inhibition by ammonium and stimulation by sodium

A transferred-DNA insertion mutant of Arabidopsis that lacks AKT1 inward-rectifying K+ channel activity in root cells was obtained previously by a reverse-genetic strategy, enabling a dissection of the K+-uptake apparatus of the root into AKT1 and non-AKT1 components. Membrane potential measurements in root cells demonstrated that the AKT1 component of the wild-type K+ permeability was between 55 and 63% when external [K+] was between 10 and 1,000 microM, and NH4+ was absent. NH4+ specifically inhibited the non-AKT1 component, apparently by competing for K+ binding sites on the transporter(s). This inhibition by NH4+ had significant consequences for akt1 plants: K+ permeability, 86Rb+ fluxes into roots, seed germination, and seedling growth rate of the mutant were each similarly inhibited by NH4+. Wild-type plants were much more resistant to NH4+. Thus, AKT1 channels conduct the K+ influx necessary for the growth of Arabidopsis embryos and seedlings in conditions that block the non-AKT1 mechanism. In contrast to the effects of NH4+, Na+ and H+ significantly stimulated the non-AKT1 portion of the K+ permeability. Stimulation of akt1 growth rate by Na+, a predicted consequence of the previous result, was observed when external [K+] was 10 microM. Collectively, these results indicate that the AKT1 channel is an important component of the K+ uptake apparatus supporting growth, even in the "high-affinity" range of K+ concentrations. In the absence of AKT1 channel activity, an NH4+-sensitive, Na+/H+-stimulated mechanism can suffice.
Thermal perturbation difference spectra and D2O vs H2O isothermal difference spectra of protein-model aromatic chromophores.

Abstract The thermal perturbation difference spectra of phenolic and indolic chromophores in water resemble the isothermal D 2 O and H 2 O spectra of these chromophores. For phenols approximately equal Δϵ values are obtained in both types of spectra, but for their methyl ethers Δϵ values of D 2 O vs H 2 O spectra are about half of those of the thermal perturbation spectra. Phenols and their methyl ethers were studied in deuterated ethylene glycol and glycerol vs the corresponding protiated solvent, and in nonprotic solvents containing 0.25–4% D 2 O or H 2 O. For phenols in D 2 O vs H 2 O, about one-third to one-half of the difference spectrum is attributed to solvent structure difference, and the remainder to the effects of replacing OH by OD and to differences in accepting hydrogen bonds from D 2 O and H 2 O. The refractive index difference between D 2 O and H 2 O was shown to be a minor contribution by means of experiments in which D 2 O was at 5 dgC and H 2 O at 47 dgC, conditions of equal refractive index (Na D ). D 2 O vs H 2 O and glycerol-d vs glycerol-h difference spectra of ribonuclease are about twice as large as expected from the known number of exposed tyrosyl side chains. Possible sources of error in D 2 O vs H 2 O spectra of proteins are discussed.
Date rape risk factors: A review and methodological critique of the literature

It has been well established that date rape is a frequent occurrence in college students. A large body of literature has examined factors related to date rape in an attempt to determine its antecedents. This article reviews the current literature. Studies examining factors related to sexual victimization, characteristics suggested to be common to date rapists, situational characteristics associated with date rape, and variables associated with misperceived sexual intent are reviewed. Firm conclusions about these factors, however, are hindered by methodological problems, including limited use of experimental designs, retrospective self-report data, inadequate control groups, unstandardized measurements and definitions, and analog laboratory designs. Suggestions and directions for future research are provided.
Oral ciramadol: a new analgesic for postoperative pain.

Ciramadol, a new synthetic narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesic, was compared in 30 and 60 mg doses with pentazocine 50 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo in the treatment of 153 patients with postoperative pain. All drugs were administered between six and 72 hours after surgery. Analgesic efficacy was assessed for six hours after study drug administration using verbal pain intensity, analog pain intensity, and verbal pain relief scales. Significantly (P less than .05) higher analgesic efficacy scores were seen with ciramadol 30 mg than with pentazocine 50 mg and placebo at most of the evaluation points. Doses of ciramadol 30 mg were significantly (P less than .05) more effective than aspirin 650 mg at several time periods, and ciramadol 60 mg was better than pentazocine and placebo at several evaluation times. The 30-mg dose of ciramadol was generally more effective than the 60-mg dose. The mean six-hour cumulative sum of pain intensity difference scores, total pain relief scores, and sum of pain analog intensity difference scores showed that the best analgesic response occurred in the ciramadol 30 mg group, followed by the ciramadol 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg, pentazocine 50 mg, and placebo groups. Side effects were rare and mild. There were no medically important changes in vital signs in any treatment group.
Web 2.0, Library 2.0, and the Hyperlinked Library

Discussions surrounding the concepts of Web 2.0/Library 2.0 are increasing among the library community. This column outlines key principles behind Web 2.0 and provides a brief explanation of social tools, such as blogs, RSS feeds, podcasting, and wikis. The author also provides specific uses and applications of these tools within the library environment to illustrate the Library 2.0 concept. An open framework for library communication or hyperlinked library can result if Library 2.0 philosophies are fully utilized.
Meta-level strategies for reformulation of evaluation function during iterative design

Several stages of the design process call for evaluation and comparison of alternatives. The evaluation function embedded in Design Support Systems often remains static throughout the iterative process, remaining identical to that first defined during the initial formulation stage. This results in a loss of accuracy in determining appropriate trade-offs with each successive design iteration. This paper represents a systematic method for re-defining the terms of the evaluation function, depending on the design stage and the alternatives under consideration. Three components are re-defined: the objectives to be included, the range over which trade-offs are negotiable, and the designer's willingness to make those trade-offs. An example of bicycle fork design illustrates the method through four iterations, including material selection and weight versus stiffness trade-offs. Two different customers are considered: racers and average riders. Results indicate different solutions for each type of customer.
Clinicopathologic findings in eyes with retained perfluoro-n-octane liquid.

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical and histopathologic findings in five eyes with retained perfluoro- n -octane (PFO) liquid after retinal reattachment surgery. Design Retrospective, noncomparative, clinicopathologic case series. Participants Surgical specimens from five eyes were studied. Methods Surgical specimens from eyes with prior intraoperative PFO use submitted to the W. Richard Green Eye Pathology Laboratory at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute were identified and reviewed. Main outcome measures Histopathologic analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy identified intracellular vacuoles containing PFO. Results Five cases were identified. Three specimens were obtained at the time of further surgery for recurrent retinal detachment; one at repeat penetrating keratoplasty, and one at removal of retained PFO. Each eye had macroscopic white flake-like material on intraocular structures noted before or during surgery. Histopathologic analysis disclosed an inflammatory response featuring macrophages with intracellular vacuoles containing PFO. Removal of the PFO in all five eyes combined with repeat retinal reattachment surgery in three eyes resulted in resolution of the inflammatory response. Conclusions Retention of PFO after surgery elicits an inflammatory response. We suspect that young patients, those with considerable residual vitreous gel, and eyes with larger amounts of retained PFO may be at higher risk for this complication.
Organizational consequences of staff turnover in outpatient substance abuse treatment programs

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of staff turnover on perceptions of organizational demands and support among staff who remained employed in substance abuse treatment programs. The sample consisted of 353 clinical staff from 63 outpatient agencies. Two scales from the Survey of Organizational Functioning measured work environment demands (stress and inadequate staffing), and 3 measured supportive work relationships (communication, cohesion, and peer collaboration). Results from a series of multilevel models documented that counselors working in programs that had previously experienced high staff turnover perceived higher demands and lower support within their organization, even after controlling for other potentially burdensome factors such as budget, census, and individual measures of workload. Two individual-level variables, caseload and tenure, were important determinants of work environment demands but were not related to supportive work relationships. Findings suggest that staff turnover increases workplace demands, decreases perceptions of support, and underscores the need to reduce stress and minimize subsequent turnover among clinical staff.
Pre- and poststrike atmospheric assessment system

The tactical motivation for a compact and easily deployable remote sensing unit for hazardous material releases is described. The most important measurements such a unit could make for accurately determining the extent of a plume from a target or potential target is a range resolved profile of the wind within the vicinity of the strike zone. However, to make such measurements a new type of instrument is required which is inherently robust, compact, and efficient. To demonstrate that such an instrument is feasible, we have designed, built, tested, and performed an initial laboratory evaluation of a compact Doppler lidar system for tactical applications.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comparison of lipid-free haemoglobin and stroma-contaminated haemoglobin diets for adults of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Adults of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) that fed on stroma-contaminated haemoglobin plus bovine serum albumin had normal survival, fecundity and egg hatch. Feeding on haemoglobin from which the erythrocyte membrane strome had been removed, together with bovine serum albumin, reduced fecundity to zero. The addition of membrane ghost preparation to a lipid-free haemoglobin and bovine serum albumin diet restored the essential nutrients for normal fly fecundity. For normal reproduction therefore, S. calcitrans adults require erythrocyte stroma.
Simultaneous inference of a misclassified outcome and competing risks failure time data

Ipsilateral breast tumor relapse (IBTR) often occurs in breast cancer patients after their breast conservation therapy. The IBTR status' classification (true local recurrence versus new ipsilateral primary tumor) is subject to error and there is no widely accepted gold standard. Time to IBTR is likely informative for IBTR classification because new primary tumor tends to have a longer mean time to IBTR and is associated with improved survival as compared with the true local recurrence tumor. Moreover, some patients may die from breast cancer or other causes in a competing risk scenario during the follow-up period. Because the time to death can be correlated to the unobserved true IBTR status and time to IBTR (if relapse occurs), this terminal mechanism is non-ignorable. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that addresses these issues simultaneously by modeling the misclassified binary outcome without a gold standard and the correlated time to IBTR, subject to dependent competing terminal events. ...
Neurology research: a journal survey, 1980-1990.

Abstract There have been major changes in neurology research during the past decade, but no systematic examination of the content, methods, funding, and research personnel. All scientific articles in the journals Annals of Neurology, Archives of Neurology, and Neurology were categorized by article type, number of authors, highest degree of first author, institution, disease area, research field, and source of support for the years 1980 and 1990. Original articles grew by 54% over the decade. The average number of authors increased by 1.3 to 5 (p greater than 0.0001). Groups of MDs and PhDs wrote 39% of articles in 1990 (24% in 1980). Contributions with a diagnostic or therapeutic focus rose from 7 to 14%, whereas there was a pronounced drop in case reports from nearly 40% to just under 20%. Articles on movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases increased more than 100% and now together comprise more than 25% of original articles. Molecular biology increased by 1,600%, and there was significant growth in epidemiology, neuro-imaging, neurochemistry, and neuropsychology. The top 20 publishing institutions accounted for 40% of all original articles and 60% of US original articles. Foreign contributions doubled over the decade. The National Institutes of Health funded 46% of US articles in 1990 (35.5% in 1980). More than 80% of articles in 1990 on neurodegenerative disease were supported by the National Institutes of Health. The complexity of neurological research has driven greater collaboration between basic and clinical scientists. New areas of clinical and basic knowledge are rapidly emerging in neurology.
Seat belts are more effective than airbags in reducing thoracic aortic injury in frontal motor vehicle crashes.

Background: Airbags reduce the probability of death in frontal collisions, but the effect is small compared with seat belts. Little is known about the influence of seat belts and airbags on the incidence of thoracic aortic injury (TAI). Methods: The National Automotive Sampling System database was queried for the years 1993 to 1998 to determine the impact of seat belts and airbags on the incidence of TAI in survivors of frontal motor vehicle crashes. Proportions were compared using the two-sample Z test. Results: Seat belts prevent TAI regardless of airbag deployment. The effect of airbags is limited to those wearing seat belts. In frontal collisions without seat belt use, airbag deployment does not alter TAI incidence. Conclusion: Seat belts are considerably more effective in preventing TAI than airbags after frontal motor vehicle crashes. Prevention efforts should continue to emphasize the use of active restraints. Restraint use should be considered a risk factor in evaluating patients for potential TAI.
Everything is entangled

Abstract We show that big bang cosmology implies a high degree of entanglement of particles in the universe. In fact, a typical particle is entangled with many particles far outside our horizon. However, the entanglement is spread nearly uniformly so that two randomly chosen particles are unlikely to be directly entangled with each other – the reduced density matrix describing any pair is likely to be separable.
Sertraline in panic disorder: Initial treatment versus switch strategy

The study explored whether there is differential efficacy for patients with panic disorder treated with sertraline initially (primary group) versus those switched (transfer group) after intolerance or nonresponse to imipramine in the context of the open 24-week treatment phase of a long-term maintenance/discontinuation study. Similar assessment and treatment procedures were used in the 2 groups and there were no concurrent cognitive behavioral interventions. A consistent pattern suggesting decreased efficacy for the transfer treatment group (n = 11, 68 +/- 25 mg/d) compared with the primary treatment group (n = 11, 70 +/- 25 mg/d) was found on response rates, univariate repeated measures analysis of variance and within group effect sizes in intent to treat, and completer samples. These preliminary findings concord well with clinical intuition but are contrary to findings in the treatment of depression. Replication studies seem warranted.
Integrated systems pharmacology analysis of clinical drug-induced peripheral neuropathy

A systems pharmacology approach was undertaken to define and identify the proteins/genes significantly associated with clinical incidence and severity of drug-induced peripheral neuropathy (DIPN). Pharmacological networks of 234 DIPN drugs, their known targets (both intended and unintended), and the intermediator proteins/genes interacting with these drugs via their known targets were examined. A permutation test identified 230 DIPN-associated intermediators that were enriched with apoptosis and stress response genes. Neuropathy incidence and severity were curated from drug labels and literature and were used to build a predictive model of DIPN using a regression tree algorithm, based on the drug targets and their intermediators. DIPN drugs whose targets interacted with both v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor (PAF15) were associated with a neuropathy incidence of 38.1%, whereas drugs interacting only with MYC had an incidence of 2.9%. These results warrant further investigation in order to develop a predictive tool for the DIPN potential of a new drug.
Putting the stewardship concept into practice: Commercial moss harvest in Northwestern Oregon, USA

Abstract Increased demand for non-timber forest products has spurred increased regulation of these resources as well as recognition of the need to include harvesters in monitoring efforts. The moss harvest monitoring program on the Siuslaw National Forest in the Pacific Northwest included a pilot stewardship program involving two 5-year leases of 890 ha parcels of mixed conifer- Alnus forest to a local commercial moss harvester under the condition that the harvester adhere to specific harvest guidelines and provide data on how much moss was removed. Across both lease areas, nearly 66,000 kg of tree-moss was harvested over a 48-month period, mostly during the dry summer season. The program provided for direct harvester participation, made the product available on a year-round basis, and improved patrol of illegal harvest in the lease area. In addition, three experiments were conducted to contrast moss abundance, species richness, and species composition using four levels of harvest intensity (Control in which harvest was prohibited, Low Intensity harvest approximating current standards and guidelines = ca. 34 kg/ha, High Intensity harvest approximating unregulated harvest levels = ca. 112 kg/ha, and “No Rules” harvest with no restrictions of any kind). Subsampling data indicated that cover on vine maple shrubs immediately following harvest was reduced by 5% and 16–20% for Low Intensity and High Intensity harvest treatments, respectively. These treatment differences remained for two years in riparian areas but were non-significant after one year in upland mixed forest. Species richness did not vary among harvest intensities and impacts to species composition, which were generally restricted to stems actually harvested, dissipated after one or two years. Because impacts restricted to harvested stems averaged out at the plot-level, plot-level surveys were less sensitive to harvest impacts than host-level subsampling. Due to the slow rate of recovery of this resource, future Stewardship Areas for moss harvest may be impractical, but this approach may be a viable option for non-timber forest products with shorter rotations.
Theories of immiscible and structured mixtures

Abstract A survey is given of continuum theories that have been developed to model mixtures of immiscible constituents, such as bubbly liquids, fluid-particle mixtures, fluid saturated porous media, and composite materials. It is emphasized that the immiscibility of such mixtures has important consequences concerning the forms of the constitutive equations, and that it can also result in the mixtures exhibiting microstructural effects. Brief descriptions are first given of the classical theory of mixtures—in which the constituents are not endowed with microstructure—and of theories of single continua with microstructure. The simplest theories of immiscible mixtures, in which the volume fractions of the constituents are introduced as additional kinematical variables, are then discussed, including postulated theories as well as theories that have been derived through various averaging procedures. Theories of mixtures having greater microstructural content are described next. A concluding chapter discusses mixture theories that have been developed explicitly to model the behavior of composite materials.
Motion Planning System for Minimally Invasive Surgery

Minimally invasive procedures are highly effective when performed by well trained surgeons. However, with the subjective nature of surgical training and performance assessment, it is difficult to determine when a trainee surgeon has attained a satisfactory level of competency. We propose a computer-based training and performance assessment system where we apply configuration space based techniques to determine optimal paths for the maneuver of surgical instruments to perform predefined tasks