cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Life History of Platynota flavedana, A Leaf Roller of Strawberry

The larvae of a tortricid, Platynota flavedana Clemens, were found infesting strawberry on Long Island, New York. Larval feeding of leaves and occasionally of fruit affected the production of marketable berries in some plantings. The procedures and methods utilized in the life-history studies of this insect are described and the habits of the various stages are discussed. Moths mated and females oviposited readily when confined in 95×25-mm vials. The average number of eggs deposited per fertilized female was 283.7 in an average of 5.4 egg masses. The duration of the various stages was: incubation stage 7-9 days, larval stage 19-30 days, pupal stage 7-10 days adult male 4-27 days, adult female 5-36 days. Larvae passed through 5 instars before pupating; occasionally a 6th instar was observed. Seven parasites were reared from this species. Goniozus platynotae Ashmead occurred in greatest numbers. Diseased larvae also were noted. Measurements of the maximum, minimum, and average sizes of the stages encountered are presented, with descriptions of these stages. Eggs averaged 0.70×1.02 mm. Mature larvae ranged from 14 to 17 mm long. Male pupae averaged 9.1 mm and female pupae 9.3 mm long. The wing expanse of adults ranged from 10 to 20 mm, the female usually being larger than the male.
An algorithm for fingerprint enhancement based on filtering and image fusion

Fingerprint image enhancement is important to feature extraction and the performance of fingerprint identification/verification systems rely. Most of the algorithms for fingerprint image enhancement depend on local orientation of fingerprint image. In this paper,an effective algorithm for fingerprint image enhancement which need not calculate the local orientation of fingerprint image is devel-oped. First,the fingerprint image is filtered with eight different orientations. Then the eight filtered images are fused to get the en-hanced image. The results of experiment indicate the algorithm improves the fingerprint images quality effectively.
Percutaneous Transfemoral Embolization of Arterio-Infundibular-Venous Fistula

An arterio-infundibular-venous fistula complicating partial nephrectomy was embolized successfully via transfemoral catheterization of the right renal artery using autologous muscle. The use of autologous material occluded this vascular malformation with preservation of renal function in the remaining portion of the kidney. The technique was lifesaving since this patient was in critical condition and could not tolerate an operation.
Impact of time-of-flight image reconstruction in PET parametric imaging

Kinetic parameter estimation in dynamic PET imaging requires reconstruction of multiple time frames. Due to the limited counting statistics and reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each frame, parametric maps suffer from reduced accuracy and precision. Therefore image reconstruction strategies improving upon the SNR are particularly important in the context of parametric imaging. Time of flight image reconstruction has been shown to improve the SNR and increase the effective sensitivity. However so far the benefit of TOF has only been demonstrated in static imaging applications with potentially substantial benefits when used in dynamic pharmacokinetic imaging applications. Using traditional dynamic 3D as well as direct 4D image reconstruction algorithms we evaluate the benefit of TOF on kinetic parameter estimation using various TOF resolutions, kinetic models and count levels. Initial data suggest that both bias and variance in the kinetic parameters are reduced, with improvements depending on the kinetic model and becoming more significant at increased TOF resolutions. Incorporating TOF within direct 4D image reconstruction and combining the respecting SNR gains results in substantial improvements in parametric maps compared to traditional post reconstruction kinetic analysis.
Ruptured Distal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) Aneurysms Associated with Cerebellar Arterial Venous Malformations (AVMs): A Case Series and Review of the Literature Demonstrating the Need for Angiographic Evaluation and Feasibility of Endovascular Treatment.

Objective The characteristics, diagnosis, and preferred management strategies for distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms associated with cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) are poorly understood. We present a case series with attention to aneurysm angioarchitecture, diagnostic imaging, treatment approaches, and a thorough review of the literature. With this information, we demonstrate a specific anatomical pattern for these aneurysms, an underreported need for conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) during evaluation, along with the utility of endovascular treatment with liquid embolic agents. Methods Neurosurgical patients from 2005 to 2016 were reviewed to identify PICA aneurysms along with distal PICA aneurysms. Details of their presentation, imaging studies, associated AVMs and treatment were recorded. A thorough literature search of previous case series and case reports of distal PICA aneurysms with and without associated small cerebellar AVMs was performed with PubMed and Google Scholar. Results Thirty-four patients with PICA aneurysms were identified at our institution, 12 of which were in a distal segment. All 12 of these patients underwent DSA as a part of their evaluation. Of the 12 patients with distal PICA aneurysms, 9 presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage. Five of these patients had a small occult cerebellar AVM. All nine patients presenting with a ruptured distal PICA aneurysm had a Fischer grade 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the five patients with a small occult cerebellar AVM, the AVM nidus was missed on computed tomography angiogram (CTA) interpretation but easily visualized with DSA. CTA followed by DSA with concurrent endovascular treatment was performed in 9 of the 12 patients with distal PICA aneurysms. Two of the 12 patients were treated with microsurgical clip ligation, and one mycotic aneurysm was identified and treated with antibiotics. Parent vessel sacrifice was used distal to the aneurysm in all 5 associated AVM cases with liquid embolic agents as well as AVM embolization in 3 of the 5 cases. Fifty-one well-described case reports of distal PICA aneurysms associated with small cerebellar AVMs have been reported in the literature. A total of 12 well-described case series of distal PICA aneurysms that comment on associated AVMs describe an associated small cerebellar AVM incidence of 4%–50%. In our case series, the incidence of an associated small cerebellar AVM with a distal PICA aneurysm was 42%. Conclusions In cases of distal PICA aneurysms, there is a frequent association of a small cerebellar AVM. In our series, CTA was an inadequate diagnostic study to identify the associated AVM, and DSA was necessary to definitely visualize the AVM nidus. Endovascular treatment of the aneurysm and AVM with the use of liquid embolic agents was a feasible and useful management strategy.
Implications of the new sepsis definition on research and practice

Abstract Introduction The Society of Critical-Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine recently announced a marked change in the sepsis definition. A task force of 19 sepsis clinicians and researchers made the change based on advances in the pathobiological understanding of the septic process. Summary of change The task force determined that there were numerous justifications for a revision of the sepsis definition, which are outlined in this article. The systemic inflammatory response criteria have been replaced by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in the newly operationalized definition (Singer et al., 2016). In addition to the definition change, the task force recommended using the new quick SOFA (qSOFA) score in non-ICU settings, as a risk stratification tool to identify patients who may be septic or be at risk of developing sepsis. Implications on research & practice The change in definition will likely have a negative impact on sepsis research in the short-term as hospitals adjust their coding for the new definition, but may result in less misclassification bias and improved research data in the long-term. While the intent of the SCCM/ESICM task force was to better define sepsis for coding and epidemiological research purposes, there is the potential for improved patient outcomes if clinicians are better able to differentiate between sepsis and inflammatory events. The qSOFA tool may also aid clinicians in recognizing sepsis in a quicker manner, leading to more timely treatment, and potentially better outcomes. Conclusions While the new operationalized Sepsis-3 definition appears on the surface to be an improvement over the previous iterations, it remains to be seen if research data will be more robust using the new criteria. There is the potential for better patient outcomes if clinicians are better able to differentiate sepsis from inflammatory events with the new definition, and if sepsis cases are recognized sooner with qSOFA. Future research on the impact of this definition change on research and practice will be essential, to determine if the Sepsis 3 definition, its associated clinical criteria, and the qSOFA need further revision.
What's the Evidence: Self-Assessment Implications for Life-Long Learning in Emergency Medicine

Abstract Background The 2012 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, “Education Research in Emergency Medicine: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Success” noted that emergency medicine (EM) educators often rely on theory and tradition when molding their approaches to teaching and learning, and called on the EM education community to advance the teaching of our specialty through the performance and application of research in teaching and assessment methods, cognitive function, and the effects of education interventions. Objective The purpose of this article was to review the research-based evidence for the effectiveness of self-assessment and to provide suggestions for its use in clinical teaching and practice in EM. Discussion This article reviews hypothesis-testing research related to self-assessment behaviors and learning. Evidence indicates that self-assessment is inherently flawed when used in isolation. We review a multi-dimensional approach to informed self-assessment that can serve as the basis for life-long learning and development. Conclusions Advancing EM education will require that high-quality education research results be translated into actual curricular, pedagogical, assessment, and professional development changes. The informed self-assessment framework is a method that is applicable to teaching and practice in EM.
Sport Nutrition Knowledge, Behaviors and Beliefs of High School Soccer Players.

For adolescent athletes (14–18 years), data on sport nutrition knowledge, behaviors and beliefs are limited, especially based on sex, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. High school soccer players (n = 535; 55% female; 51% White, 41% Latino; 41% National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participants (80% Latino)) completed two questionnaires (demographic/health history and sport nutrition). The sport nutrition knowledge score was 45.6% with higher scores in NSLP-Whites vs. NSLP-Latinos (p < 0.01). Supplement knowledge differed by sex (16% lower in females; p = 0.047) and race/ethnicity (33% lower in Latinos; p < 0.001). Breakfast consumption was 57%; females ate breakfast less (50%) than males (60%; p < 0.001); NSLP-participants ate breakfast less (47%) than non-NSLP (62%; p < 0.001). Supplement use was 46%, with Latinos using more supplements than Whites do (p = 0.016). Overall, 30% used protein shakes, with females using less than males (p = 0.02), while use was twice as likely in Latino vs. White (p = 0.03). Overall, 45% reported their nutrient requirements were different from non-athlete peers. Latinos were less likely (p = 0.03) to report that their diet met nutritional requirements, but more than twice as likely to report that nutritional supplements were necessary for training (p < 0.001). Adolescent athletes, especially females and Latinos, would benefit from sport nutrition education that enhances food selection skills for health and sport performance.
Assessing space–time variations of denudation processes and related soil loss from 1955 to 2016 in southern Italy (Calabria region)

Studies on denudation processes and soil loss rates can provide insight into the landscape evolution, climate change, and human activities, as well as on land degradation risk. The aims of this study were to analyze the space–time distribution of denudation processes and evaluate the soil loss changes occurred during the period 1955–2016 by using an approach integrating geomorphological, geospatial and modeling analysis. The study area is a representative stream catchment of the Crati Valley (Calabria, southern Italy), which is affected by severe erosion processes. The combined use of aerial photographs interpretation, field survey, geostatistics, and GIS processing has allowed to characterize the types of denudation processes and land use change in space and time. Revised universal soil loss equation implemented in GIS environment was used to estimate the space–time pattern of soil loss and the soil erosion rates for each investigated year. The results showed that from 1955 to 2016, the study area was highly affected by denudation processes, mainly related to landslides and water erosion (slope wash erosion and gully erosion). Comparison of denudation processes maps showed that the total area affected by erosion processes has increased by about 31% and the distribution of geomorphic processes and their space–time evolution resulted from the complex interrelation between geoenvironmental features and human activities. The main land use changes concerned a decrease in areas covered by woodland, scrubland and pasture and an increase in croplands and barren lands that favored erosion processes. The most susceptible areas to soil loss in both years were mapped, and the mean soil loss rates for the study area were 6.33 Mg ha−1 y−1 in 1955 and 10.38 Mg ha−1 y−1 in 2016. Furthermore, the soil loss in 2016 has increased by about 64% compared to 1955. Finally, the results showed that integrating multi-temporal analysis of denudation processes, land use changes and soil loss rates might provide significant information on landscape evolution which supports decision makers in defining soil management and conservation practices.
G-CSF in stem cell mobilization: new insights, new questions.

In this article, Bernitz and colleagues (1) utilize a lineage tracing mouse model to show that G-CSF selectively mobilizes quiescent non-dividing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood (PB) and that G-CSF administration does not induce HSC cycling/proliferation. Mobilized non-dividing HSC can return to BM, again without dividing. Moreover, the non-dividing HSC represent the true long-term repopulating cells, and those HSC left in BM after mobilization, while expressing phenotypic markers of HSC, do not in fact have repopulating capacity. (Summarized in Figure 1 )
Privacy-preserving network provenance

Network accountability, forensic analysis, and failure diagnosis are becoming increasingly important for network management and security. Network provenance significantly aids network administrators in these tasks by explaining system behavior and revealing the dependencies between system states. Although resourceful, network provenance can sometimes be too rich, revealing potentially sensitive information that was involved in system execution. In this paper, we propose a cryptographic approach to preserve the confidentiality of provenance (sub)graphs while allowing users to query and access the parts of the graph for which they are authorized. Our proposed solution is a novel application of searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) and more generally structured encryption (SE). Our SE-enabled provenance system allows a node to enforce access control policies over its provenance data even after the data has been shipped to remote nodes (e.g., for optimization purposes). We present a prototype of our design and demonstrate its practicality, scalability, and efficiency for both provenance maintenance and querying.
Management of pneumatosis intestinalis in children over the age of 6 months: a conservative approach.

Background Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is an uncommon and poorly understood condition. Although it can be an incidental finding in asymptomatic individuals, it can also be secondary to life-threatening bowel ischaemia and sepsis. In premature infants, it is a pathognomonic sign of necrotising enterocolitis. There is no consensus regarding management and long-term outcome of children with PI. Aim Review of our experience of PI in children beyond the early infantile period. Methods Retrospective review of patient’s records and radiological images from 2013 to 2015. Results Eighteen patients (three girls) had radiologically confirmed PI. The median age was 4.5 years (range 8 months–13 years). Background medical conditions (number): short bowel syndrome (one), congenital heart disease (two), sickle cell disease (one), epilepsy (three), cerebral palsy (six), myotonic dystrophy (four) and peroxisomal biogenesis defect (one). Six children (33%) presented with abdominal distension, four (22%) with abdominal pain, three (17%) with bilious vomiting, two (11%) with diarrhoea and one (6%) with rectal bleeding. Two (11%) were asymptomatic. One had air in portal vein and two had pneumoperitoneum. All patients with symptomatic PI were treated conservatively with successful outcome and complete resolution of PI. None required surgical intervention. Conclusion PI in children who are not on chemotherapy or immunosuppressant appears to follow a benign course and is responsive to conservative management. In contrast to adults, portal venous gas and pneumoperitoneum do not predict the need for surgical intervention.
Reinforcing wildfire predictive services with timely weather information

To improve wildfire responses by making and implementing safe, effective and efficient management decision, predictive services has been created to better preparing and responding to wildfires. Recently, efforts had been made to strengthen the capabilities on collecting and integrating timely weather information for improving the predictive services products. Previously, the weather information source for generating fire danger risk adjective by the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) model were from Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) observation network. Recently, a cost-effective method has been proposed by integrating the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) timely observation into the weather information data source, GIS programs have been developed by feeding the National Fire Danger Rating System through the Weather Information Management System (WIMS) alternative gateway automatically with the ASOS weather stations. As a result, the map accuracy has been improved for the predictive service map products. Adopting the advanced technology from geographic information systems and information technologies, daily updated fire dangers maps for predictive services has been greatly enhanced thus better positioned wildfire managers and firefighters towards wildfires risks.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Mechanism of the Enhancement of Hemolysis by Bovine Thrombin

1. Crude bovine thrombin contains most, if not all, the proteins of bovine serum. 2. The effect of crude bovine thrombin in enhancing the lysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes has been shown to be an effect on the erythrocytes themselves. 3. By enzyme inactivation, absorption technics and Sephadex chromatography the thrombic clotting activity has been separated from the PNH enhancing activity nullifying any role of thrombic clotting activity in the enhancement of PNH hemolysis by crude bovine thrombin.
Gambling-related cognitive distortions predict level of function among US veterans seeking treatment for gambling disorders.

Background and objectives Gambling Disorder (GD) is characterized by recurrent gambling behavior that is associated with significant impairment and distress, high psychiatric comorbidities, and high functional disability. The military veteran population appears particularly susceptible to developing the disorder, but relatively little has been studied among this population. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the clinical psychopathologies and comorbidities of veterans seeking treatment for problem gambling and how problem gambling may impact functioning. Methods Treatment-seeking veterans meeting criteria for GD (N = 61) underwent a structured clinical interview and completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Gambling Disorder (PG-YBOCS), the Gambling Belief Questionnaire (GBQ), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Results Veterans seeking treatment for GD had high rates of psychiatric and addiction disorder comorbidities. Few veterans had previously sought treatment and most reported substantive challenges in social and occupational functioning. When determining how gambling-related characteristics (ie, severity and cognitive distortions) impact function, severity of cognitive distortions was the strongest statistical predictor of overall functional disability. Conclusions and scientific significance The findings from this study indicate that there is high comorbidity between GD and other psychiatric and addictive disorders, as well as social and occupational functioning. In addition, cognitive distortions related to gambling relate importantly to overall functioning and should be considered in the development of interventions for veterans with GD. (Am J Addict 2018;27:108-115).
Relationships and Legal Aspects of Florida State Board of Health and Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Commission

The five members of the Florida State Board of Health are appointed by the Governor in staggered terms and they set the policy for this organization.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Review of Minds Online: Teaching Effectively with Technology

Technology has invaded college classrooms across America and elsewhere, including 2-year institutions, 4-year colleges, and research-intensive universities. The use of instructional technology in a...
Neuropsychological Assessment and Cognitive Rehabilitation after Brain Injury

The different approaches, domains of study, and diversity of findings in the neuropsychology of traumatic brain injury are described in this article. Also covered are the often coexisting conditions of depression, behavioral disturbance, chronic pain, and substance abuse, which affect cognitive findings. Salient issues in the cognitive rehabilitation controversy appear, as do major points of debate. Resolutions to those issues and strategies for implementing appropriate and effective treatment are suggested to provide the rehabilitation professional with guidelines with which to structure programs for individuals with traumatic brain injury.
Interpretation of Plant Mineral Status

The importance of mineral nutrition in cotton production is apparent by the number and frequency of reviews containing mineral nutrition and subsequent cotton fertilization as a topic (Hinkle and Brown, 1968; Sabbe and MacKenzie, 1973; Hearn, 1981: Joham, 1986; Sabbe and Zelinski, 1990). All have extensive literature citations and should be accessed for details on work published prior to about 1985. This chapter will focus on publications since the edition of Cotton Physiology (Mauney and Stewart, 1986).
Cognitive Functioning in Late-Life Schizophrenia: Its Importance and Implications for Overall Outcome

Cognitive impairment is an intrinsic feature of schizophrenia and a discriminating factor between patients who require high and low levels of community support. Although it was long believed that positive and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia burned out over time and only negative or deficit symptoms would be detected in late life, several recent studies have suggested that this conception is not fully accurate. However, patients who are unable to care for themselves and suffer from deficits in adaptive life functioning often have negative symptoms as well as severe cognitive impairment. The strong correlation with cognitive function, even when the severity of negative symptoms is considered, suggests that interventions aimed at improvement of adaptive outcome may be targeted at enhancement of cognition. These interventions may include atypical neuroleptic medications and augmentation strategies directly targeting cognition with specific agents that may not affect the positive or negative symptoms of the illness.
Effects of varying subatmospheric pressure on stationary plasma arc welds

An experimental study was performed examining the variation of penetration, fluid behavior, heat-affected zone and arc in plasma arc welding (PAW) with respect to subatmospheric ambient pressure. The results reveal nonlinear variation of keyhole size, time of penetration, and size of the heat-affected zone with pressure. In a restricted range of pressure, dynamic components of fluid flow directed out of the molten pool appear and have a profound effect on keyhole formation. The generated plasma arc is observed to decrease in intensity with decreasing pressure, resulting in a reduction of penetration at lower pressures.
DNA curtains: Novel tools for imaging protein–nucleic acid interactions at the single-molecule level

Interactions between proteins and nucleic acids are at the molecular foundations of most key biological processes, including DNA replication, genome maintenance, the regulation of gene expression, and chromosome segregation. A complete understanding of these types of biological processes requires tackling questions with a range of different techniques, such as genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and structural biology. Here, we describe a novel experimental approach called "DNA curtains" that can be used to complement and extend these more traditional techniques by providing real-time information about protein-nucleic acid interactions at the level of single molecules. We describe general features of the DNA curtain technology and its application to the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions in vitro. We also discuss some future developments that will help address crucial challenges to the field of single-molecule biology.
Combinatorial Optimization Problems in Geometric Settings

We consider several combinatorial optimization problems in a geometric setting. The first problem we consider is the problem of clustering to minimize the sum of radii. Given a positive integer k and a set of points with interpoint distances that satisfy the definition of being a "metric", we define a ball centered at some input point and having some radius as the set of all input points that are at a distance smaller than the radius of the ball from its center. We want to cover all input points using at most k balls so that the sum of the radii of the balls chosen is minimized. We show that when the points lie in some Euclidean space and the distance measure is the standard Euclidean metric, we can find an exact solution in polynomial time under standard assumptions about the model of computation. The second problem we consider is the Network Spanner Topology Design problem. In this problem, given a set of nodes in the network, represented by points in some geometric setting—either a plane or a 1.5-D terrain, we want to compute a height assignment function h that assigns a height to a tower at every node such that the set of pairs of nodes that can form a direct link with each other under this height function forms a connected spanner. A pair of nodes can form a direct link if they are within a bounded distance B of each other and the heights of towers at the two nodes are sufficient to achieve Line-of-Sight connectivity—i.e. the straight line connecting the top of the towers lies above any obstacles. In the planar setting where the obstacles are modeled as having a certain maximum height and minimum clearance distance, we give a constant factor approximation algorithm. In the case where the points lie on a 1.5-D terrain we illustrate that it might be hard to use Computational Geometry to achieve efficient approximations. The final problem we consider is the Multiway Barrier Cut problem. Here, given a set of points in the plane and a set of unit disk sensors also in the plane such that any path in the plane between any pair of input points hits at least one of the given sensor disks we consider the problem of finding the minimum size subset of these disks that still achieves this separation. We give a constant factor approximation algorithm for this problem.
Opposition to Israel’s first Qadiya

In 2017, following a fraught 22-year struggle, Israel appointed the first female judge (sing. qadiya, pl. qadiyat) to its Islamic (shari’a) courts. This contrasts with the earlier appointments of q...
Vitexin as an active ingredient in passion flower with potential as an agent for nicotine cessation: vitexin antagonism of the expression of nicotine locomotor sensitization in rats.

AbstractContext: Nicotine, a bioactive component of tobacco, is highly addictive. Numerous therapies have been developed for smoking cessation, and all have met with limited success. Our laboratory...
Anatomical hemispherectomy revisited—outcome, blood loss, hydrocephalus, and absence of chronic hemosiderosis

To evaluate microsurgical trans-sylvian trans-ventricular anatomical hemispherectomy with regard to seizure outcome, risk of hydrocephalus, blood loss, and risk of chronic hemosiderosis in patients with intractable seizures selected for surgery using current preoperative assessment techniques. Out of 86 patients who underwent hemispherectomy between February 2000 and April 2019, by a single surgeon, at a tertiary care referral center, 77 patients (ages 0.2–20 years; 40 females) who had an anatomical hemispherectomy were analyzed. Five of these were ‘palliative’ surgeries. One-stage anatomical hemispherectomy was performed in 55 children, two-stage anatomical hemispherectomy after extraoperative intracranial monitoring in 16, and six hemispherectomies were done following failed previous resection. Mean follow-up duration was 5.7 years (range 1–16.84 years). Forty-six patients had postoperative MRI scans. Ninety percent of children with non-palliative hemispherectomy achieved ILAE Class-1 outcome. Twenty-seven patients were no longer taking anticonvulsant medications. Surgical failures (n = 4) included one patient with previous meningoencephalitis, one with anti-GAD antibody encephalitis, one with idiopathic neonatal thalamic hemorrhage, and one with extensive tuberous sclerosis. There were no failures among patients with malformations of cortical development. Estimated average blood loss during surgery was 387 ml. Ten (21%) children developed hydrocephalus and required a shunt following one-stage hemispherectomy, whereas 10 (50%) patients developed hydrocephalus among those who had extraoperative intracranial monitoring. Only 20% of the shunts malfunctioned in the first year. Early malfunctions were related to the valve and later to fracture disconnection of the shunt. One patent had a traumatic subdural hematoma. None of the patients developed clinical signs of chronic ‘superficial cerebral hemosiderosis’ nor was there evidence of radiologically persistent chronic hemosiderosis in patients who had postoperative MRI imaging. Surgical results of anatomical hemispherectomy are excellent in carefully selected cases. Post-operative complications of hydrocephalus and intraoperative blood loss are comparable to those reported for hemispheric disconnective surgery (hemispherotomy). The rate of shunt malfunction was less than that reported for patients with hydrocephalus of other etiologies Absence of chronic ‘superficial hemosiderosis’, even on long-term follow-up, suggests that anatomical hemispherectomy should be revisited as a viable option in patients with intractable seizures and altered anatomy such as in malformations of cortical development, a group that has a reported high rate of seizure recurrence related to incomplete disconnection following hemispheric disconnective surgery.
Zero-inflated beta distribution applied to word frequency and lexical dispersion in corpus linguistics

Corpus linguistics is the study of language as expressed in a body of texts or documents. The relative frequency of a word within a text and the dispersion of the word across the collection of text...
The Implementation of a Neonatal Resuscitation Program Simulation Curriculum as a Quality Improvement Project

Purpose: Neonatal-perinatal fellows recertify for Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) every 2 years. It has been shown that cognitive knowledge and technical skills are retained for 6-12 months after recertification. If not practiced regularly, NRP skills are not developed and diminish over time. Deviations from NRP algorithm can lead to poor patient outcomes. Studies have shown repetitive simulation sessions can improve and maintain NRP performance. At our institution there is no simulation curriculum for neonatal-perinatal fellows. There is also variability in the acuity and number of resuscitations and less opportunity to lead resuscitations due to other …
CRISPR-associated nucleases: the Dawn of a new age of efficient crop improvement

The world stands at a new threshold today. As a planet, we face various challenges, and the key one is how to continue to produce enough food, feed, fiber, and fuel to support the burgeoning population. In the past, plant breeding and the ability to genetically engineer crops contributed to increasing food production. However, both approaches rely on random mixing or integration of genes, and the process can be unpredictable and time-consuming. Given the challenge of limited availability of natural resources and changing environmental conditions, the need to rapidly and precisely improve crops has become urgent. The discovery of CRISPR-associated endonucleases offers a precise yet versatile platform for rapid crop improvement. This review summarizes a brief history of the discovery of CRISPR-associated nucleases and their application in genome editing of various plant species. Also provided is an overview of several new endonucleases reported recently, which can be utilized for editing of specific genes in plants through various forms of DNA sequence alteration. Genome editing, with its ever-expanding toolset, increased efficiency, and its potential integration with the emerging synthetic biology approaches hold promise for efficient crop improvement to meet the challenge of supporting the needs of future generations.
Subtropical Marine Low Stratiform Cloud Deck Spatial Errors in the E3SMv1 Atmosphere Model

Marine low-level clouds continue to be poorly simulated in models despite many studies and field experiments devoted to their improvement. Here we focus on the spatial errors in the cloud decks in the Department of Energy Earth system model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model [E3SM]) relative to the satellite climatology by calculating centroid distances, area ratios, and overlap ratios. Since model dynamics is better simulated than clouds, these errors are attributed primarily to the model physics. To gain additional insight, we performed a sensitivity run in which model winds were nudged to those of reanalysis. This results in a large change (but not necessarily an improvement) in the simulated cloud decks. These differences between simulations are mainly due to the interactions between model dynamics and physics. These results suggest that both model physics (widely recognized) and its interaction with dynamics (less recognized) are important to model improvement in simulating these low-level clouds.
Lifetime Prevalence of Self-Reported Work-Related Health Problems Among U.S. Workers - United States, 2018.

Approximately 2.8 million nonfatal workplace illnesses and injuries were reported in the United States in 2018 (1). Current surveillance methods might underestimate the prevalence of occupational injuries and illnesses (2,3). One way to obtain more information on occupational morbidity is to assess workers' perceptions about whether they have ever experienced health problems related to work (4). Occupational exposures might directly cause, contribute to, exacerbate, or predispose workers to various health problems (work-related health problems). CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health estimated the lifetime prevalence of self-reported, work-related health problems for the currently employed population overall and stratified by various demographic and job characteristics using data from the 2018 version of the SummerStyles survey. Overall, 35.1% of employed respondents had ever experienced a work-related health problem (95% confidence interval [CI] = 33.0%-37.3%). The most commonly reported work-related health problem was back pain (19.4%, 95% CI = 17.6%-21.2%). Among industries, construction (48.6%, 95% CI = 36.54%-60.58%) had the highest prevalence of any work-related health problems. Workplace injury and illness prevention programs are needed to reduce the prevalence of work-related health problems, especially in higher-risk industries.
Management of Post-Amputation Pain.

Introduction The prevalence of amputation and post-amputation pain (PAP) is rising. There are two main types of PAP: residual limb pain (RLP) and phantom limb pain (PLP), with an estimated 95% of people with amputations experiencing one or both. Medical Management: The majority of chronic PAP is due to phantom limb pain, which is neurogenic in nature. Common medications used include tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, and opioids. Newer studies are evaluating alternative drugs such as ketamine and local anesthetics. Rehabilitation Management: Mirror visual feedback and cognitive behavioral therapy are often effective adjunct therapies and have minimal adverse effects. Surgical Management: Neuromodulatory treatment and surgery for neuromas have been found to help select patients with PAP. Conclusion PAP is a complex condition with mechanisms that can be located at the residual limb, spinal cord, and brain - or a combination. This complex pain can be difficult to treat. The mainstays of treatment are largely medical, but several surgical options are also being studied.
Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Reduces Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Force and Anterior Tibial Translation in Response to Applied Pivoting and Anterior Drawer Loads:

Background:The biomechanical effect of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) performed in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) on load sharing between the ACL g...
Emotional labour, information literacy instruction, and the COVID-19 Pandemic

The authors of this article, both instruction librarians, have researched the emotional labour that information literacy instruction librarians perform for several years. Several months into the COVID-19 pandemic, they discuss concepts of emotional labour among instruction librarians in that evolving context. They outline common aspects of emotional labour that manifest differently during the pandemic, compared to non-pandemic times. They identify and analyse new layers of emotional labour that many instruction librarians currently experience on top of their “normal” lives and emotional labour. They provide a brief overview of aspects of emotional labour that may be easier or lesser during the pandemic. The article concludes with a call for future research on these concepts, particularly using qualitative and mixed-methods research.
Towards Orchestration in the Cloud-Fog Continuum

The growth of the Internet-of-Things has led to a rise in the need of computing power, storage, and network resources. As more data are being generated at the edge of the networks, the cloud model that enabled the affordable, on-demand, lease of these resources is ill-fitted to handle the volume and variety of data traveling to the core of the cloud and back. Some applications further showcase the limitations of the cloud by requiring strict low-latency communication and location awareness. Fog computing has been proposed as a solution to these issues that stem from the cloud's centralization. The fog is an emerging computing paradigm, conceived as an extension to the cloud, that aims to facilitate the creation of scalable infrastructures in the vicinity of the end-user. By decentralizing resources, it promises to optimize bandwidth consumption at the core and edge of the network while reducing latency between the service and the end-user. In this paper, we identify the requirements needed to orchestrate loads in the Cloud-Fog continuum and propose an architecture, built on available, open-source, components, that orchestrates loads with consideration to their geographical needs. We provide several levels of features (DNS-like service discovery, service mesh, health checks, encryption-as-a-service, among others) available to the operator and evaluate their quality-of-service implications, with respect to network latency and bandwidth, when compared to a simple deployment baseline.
GuavaNet: A deep neural network architecture for automatic sensory evaluation to predict degree of acceptability for Guava by a consumer

This thesis is divided into two parts:Part I: Analysis of Fruits, Vegetables, Cheese and Fish based on Image Processing using Computer Vision and Deep Learning: A Review. It consists of a comprehensive review of image processing, computer vision and deep learning techniques applied to carry out analysis of fruits, vegetables, cheese and fish.This part also serves as a literature review for Part II.Part II: GuavaNet: A deep neural network architecture for automatic sensory evaluation to predict degree of acceptability for Guava by a consumer. This part introduces to an end-to-end deep neural network architecture that can predict the degree of acceptability by the consumer for a guava based on sensory evaluation.
Classifying Texas counties using ARIMA Models on COVID-19 daily confirmed cases: the impact of political affiliation and face covering orders

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the 254 Texas counties in the United States can be grouped in a meaningful way according to the characteristics of the ARIMA or seasonal ARIMA models fitting the logarithm of daily confirmed cases of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for 254 counties in Texas of the United States. We analyze clusters of the models non-seasonal parameters (p, d, q), distinguishing between county-level political affiliations and face covering orders, and also consider county-level population and poverty rate. Using data from March 4, 2020 to March 15, 2021, we find that 223 of the total 254 counties are clustered into 23 model parameters (p, d, q), while the number of cases in the remaining 31 counties could not be successfully fitted to ARIMA models. We also find the impact of the county-level infection rate and the county-level poverty rate on clusters of counties with different political affiliations and face covering orders. Further, we find that the infection rate and the poverty rate had a significant high positive correlation, and Democrat-leaning counties, which tend to have large populations, had a higher correlation coefficient between infection rate and poverty rate. We also observe a significant high positive correlation between the infection rate and the number of cumulative cases in Republican counties that had not imposed a face covering order.
Citizen of the Staatsoper: Erich Kleiber's Musical Migration

Conductor Erich Kleiber was born in Vienna, made his reputation in Berlin, fled Nazism for Latin America, and tried briefly to return to postwar East Berlin before dying in 1956. His life illustrates the wide diversity in mid-century migratory stories. For so many of Kleiber's fellow migrants, flight disrupted established structures, contexts and networks. More recently, scholars have emphasized refugees' creative self-reinvention. Kleiber's story illustrates both these outcomes while embodying neither; his narrative is one of musical and political continuity, involving a particular kind of Habsburg cultural nostalgia, insulated by his wealth and fame.
High-Speed X-Ray Stereo Digital Image Correlation in a Shock Tube

X-ray stereo digital image correlation (DIC) measurements were performed at 10 kHz on the internal surface of a jointed structure in a shock tube at a shock Mach number of 1.42 and compared with optical stereo DIC measurements on the outer, visible surface of the structure. The shock tube environment introduces temperature and density gradients in the gas through which the structure was imaged, resulting in spatial and temporal index of refraction variations. These variations cause bias errors in optical DIC measurements due to beam-steering but have minimal influence on x-ray DIC measurements. These results demonstrate the utility of time-resolved x-ray DIC measurements in complicated environments where optical measurements suffer severe errors and/or are precluded by lack of optical access.
Harmonization of an Infrastructure for Flexible Distance Learning in Europe with CTA

An analysis of the DELTA research program for computer supported distance learning has shown that there is a great variety in the use of technologies and standards, even for supporting similar services for flexible distance learning. This results in incompatible applications, missing reusability of courseware material and a number of diverse requirements towards the underlying hardware and software platforms. The objective of the Common Training Architecture (CTA) is to harmonize the technologies to set up an infrastructure for an European market for learning applications. The approach of CTA is to identify the main learning scenarios, to derive the necessary services to support these scenarios and to describe technical options for the realization of these services. For the technical options, the emphasis lies on finding profiles of de-jure or de-facto standards. In the area of communication, the results show the need for integration of recently developed distributed multimedia application services and standards as well as the need for the development of new standards in these areas. This paper presents an overview of the whole CTA project from the perspective of the authors with focus on the approach and results in the area of communication.
The effect of metabolic acidosis on fetal brain function and metabolism

Abstract The effect of metabolic acidosis on fetal brain function and metabolism was studied in 10 sheep experiments. Infusion of lactic acid into the fetal circulation resulted in a significant decrease in pH from 7.22 ± 0.04 to 6.86 ± 0.08. Oxygen tension in the carotid artery, carotid blood flow, heart rate, and cerebral oxygen consumption did not change significantly during the acid infusion. An increase in cerebral glucose consumption and an uptake of lactate by the brain was associated with a dropout of the faster rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG), a decrease in amplitude, and the appearance of sharp waves. While the systemic acidosis was corrected by the infusion of THAM, cerebral function in terms of the EEG responded poorly.
Can everyone benefit from growth

We consider the problem of fair division in economies where the amount to be divided may vary. We show that there is no solution to this problem jointly satisfying the following requirements: (i) Pareto-optimality; (ii) resource monotonicity; an increase in the aggregate endowment should benefit all agents; (iii) individual rationality from equal division: all agents should be better off than at equal division. The first two requirements are also incompatible with (iv) no agent should consume more of every good than any other agent.