cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TU-FF-A2-04: Evaluation of Patient's Setup Uncertainties and Organ Motions Using a TomoTherapy Hi-Art System

Purpose: To assess the patient setup uncertainty and internal organ motion using IGRT registration data from a TomoTherapy HI‐ART system Methods and Materials: A TomoTherapy HI‐ART system (TomoTherapy Inc., Madison, WI, USA) has been in clinical use at our institution for over one year. For each fractional treatment, patients are scanned and registered to the reference image set. Offsets from registration processes can be analyzed in terms of a systematic component and a random component. For each patient, the systematic component can be calculated by averaging offsets over all treatment fractions; the random component can be assessed by evaluating the standard deviation of offsets over all treatment fractions. In this work, registration data from 25 Head/Neck/Central Nervous System (H&N/CNS) cancer patients and 25 pelvic cancer patients were analyzed. Total number of patient scans involved is approximately 1400. Results: For H&N/CNS cancer patients, the population mean of random offset component was 1.4±0.6mm, 1.8±0.5mm and 1.5±0.5mm in medio‐lateral (M‐L), cranio‐caudal (C‐C) and anterio‐posterior (A‐P) directions. For pelvic cancer patients, results were 4.9±1.7mm, 3.0±1.9mm and 3.5±1.0mm in M‐L, C‐C and A‐P directions. Random offset component for pelvic cancer patients is larger than those of H&N/CNS cancer patients (p<0.01). In both cases, random offset component is different in different spatial directions (p<0.01). The population mean of systematic offset component in A‐P direction for pelvic cancer patients is about 6mm. Conclusions: Large amount of data from IGRT process can be used for many purposes. Our data from patient's daily registration reconfirms that the patient setup uncertainty and internal organ motion should be different for different tumor sites and spatial directions. Our data also shows, for TomoTherapy Hi‐Art system, when setting up tattoos for pelvic cancer patients, a 5–6mm offset needs to be considered in A‐P direction.
Experimental determination of the binary equilibrium adsorption and desorption of propane-propylene mixtures on 13X molecular sieves by a differential sorption bed system and investigation of their equilibrium expressions

Abstract The experimental adsorption and desorption equilibrium data for propane, propylene, and propane-propylene mixtures on 13X molecular sieves are presented for different temperatures and compositions; these data were efficiently determined by using the differential sorption bed system described by Liapis et al. (Sep. Technol. 1992, 2 , 141–154). The Toth equation was found to correlate with the experimental equilibrium single-component data very well. For the binary propane-propylene mixtures, propylene is the most preferentially adsorbed component. The feasibility of describing the experimental binary equilibrium data with the ideal adsorbed solution expressions, the heterogeneous ideal adsorbed solution expressions and the heterogeneous ideal adsorbed solution with specific gas-solid interactions expressions was examined. Comparison between these expressions and the experimental binary equilibrium data showed that none of the expressions could satisfactorily describe the experimental results for the binary mixtures for all temperatures and compositions studied in this work. For a given multicomponent adsorption system of interest, numerous sets of experimental equilibrium data of adsorption and desorption could be efficiently and accurately determined by using the differential sorption bed system and the experimental procedures described in this work; these results could be used in parameter estimation and model discrimination studies, as well as in process design.
Phosphatase 2A Puts the Brakes on mTORC1 Nutrient Signaling

Nutrients such as amino acids (aa) and glucose mediate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to control cell growth and metabolism. Recent studies (Yan et al., 2010) identify a contributor, PP2A phosphatase subunit PR61ɛ, in regulating the aa-sensitive input to mTORC1.
Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History . By James C. Riley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 243. $49.95, cloth; $16.95, paper.

The substantial rise in life expectancy and the related decline in morbidity (or sickness) are great triumphs of the past 200 years. This book tells the story of this dramatic improvement in the human condition, which is sometimes called the health transition. Although James Riley has done considerable research in the area of health history, the field is so vast that any book of this scope must be based predominantly on the studies of other scholars. He does an admirable job of distilling the research findings for a general audience.
Ambipolar circuits for analog, mixed-signal, and radio-frequency applications

This paper describes the circuit design of a polarity controllable triple-mode amplifier based on ambipolar graphene field-effect transistors for analog, mixed-signal, and radio frequency (AMS/RF) applications. We describe how such polarity controllable circuits can greatly simplify circuits for applications such as phase shift keying and phase detection in the AMS/RF space, with the potential to realize higher bandwidth and frequency as well as lower power consumption over conventional circuits based on state-of-the-art technology. This paper emphasizes the theoretical analysis and performance optimization of these circuits, which have been independently fabricated and validated in our experiments.
Cosmology: Inflation alive and well

It is 25 years since the workshop that marked the birth of the inflationary Universe and the laying of the theoretical foundations of modern cosmology. Following a flood of data, the inflationary scenario is on its way to being established.
On Goodness in Schools: Themes of Empowerment

(1986). On Goodness in Schools: Themes of Empowerment. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 63, New images of organizations and leadership, pp. 9-28.
Artificial neural networks for parameter estimation in geophysics

Artificial neural systems have been used in a variety of problems in the fields of science and engineering. Here we describe a study of the applicability of neural networks to solving some geophysical inverse problems. In particular, we study the problem of obtaining formation resistivities and layer thicknesses from vertical electrical sounding (VES) data and that of obtaining 1D velocity models from seismic waveform data. We use a two-layer feedforward neural network (FNN) that is trained to predict earth models from measured data. Part of the interest in using FNNs for geophysical inversion is that they are adaptive systems that perform a non-linear mapping between two sets of data from a given domain. In both of our applications, we train FNNs using synthetic data as input to the networks and a layer parametrization of the models as the network output. The earth models used for network training are drawn from an ensemble of random models within some prespecified parameter limits. For network training we use the back-propagation algorithm and a hybrid back-propagation–simulated-annealing method for the VES and seismic inverse problems, respectively. Other fundamental issues for obtaining accurate model parameter estimates using trained FNNs are the size of the training data, the network configuration, the description of the data and the model parametrization. Our simulations indicate that FNNs, if adequately trained, produce reasonably accurate earth models when observed data are input to the FNNs.
Relaxation times of normal and atrophied muscle.

Magnetic resonance imaging is being used to investigate physiological changes induced by microgravity. Using human (bed rest) and animal (tail suspension) models simulating zero gravity, muscle atrophy was studied. Despite significant physiological changes in muscle mass, distribution of blood flow, and muscle water, no changes in muscleprotonrelaxation times were found at several different resonant frequencies (6, 10, 20, and 200 MHz). These results suggest that observed changes in relaxation times as reported in pathologic studies are likely due to the pathological changes and not the accompanying muscle atrophy.
Generalized representation and extension

A very general abstraction of a fuzzy set is presented. Appropriate conditions for representation and extension are presented. Some insight into the fundamental nature of fuzzy sets is provided.
On the dimensionality of cortical graphs

Abstract We propose to use a random-graph model of cortex as a tabula-rasa state, to be contrasted with various types of regular connectivity patterns. Key in our analysis is the notion of graph-theoretic dimensionality, closely linked to that of graph diameter. Our discussion focuses on patterns of synfire type, and on the synfire-superposition model proposed in previous papers
Mechanism of analgesic effect of clonidine in the treatment of dysmenorrhea

Abstract Clonidine substantially reduces the pain and cramping of dysmenorrhea. The mechanims for this effect may lie in increased release of analgesic opioids. It is suggested that perhaps a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor such as ginger which activates endorphin receptors may also be an effective treatment.
Vonn distribution of relative phase for statistical image modeling in complex wavelet domain

With the assumptions of Gaussian as well as Gaussian scale mixture models for images in wavelet domain, marginal and joint distributions for phases of complex wavelet coefficients are studied in detail. From these hypotheses, we then derive a relative phase probability density function, which is called Vonn distribution, in complex wavelet domain. The maximum-likelihood method is proposed to estimate two Vonn distribution parameters. We demonstrate that the Vonn distribution fits well with behaviors of relative phases from various real images including texture images as well as standard images. The Vonn distribution is compared with other standard circular distributions including von Mises and wrapped Cauchy. The simulation results, in which images are decomposed by various complex wavelet transforms, show that the Vonn distribution is more accurate than other conventional distributions. Moreover, the Vonn model is applied to texture image retrieval application and improves retrieval accuracy.
The buoyant behavior of RNA and DNA in cesium sulfate solutions containing dimethylsulfoxide

1. 1. The effects of alteration of pH and of addition of dimethylsulfoxide on the buoyant behavior of single- and double-stranded RNA's and DNA's in Cs2SO4 have been investigated. Conditions have been found in which single-stranded RNA neither precipitates nor adsorbs to the plastic centrifuge tubes used in preparative ultracentrifuges. 2. 2. The redistribution of Cs2SO4, dimethylsulfoxide, and water at equilibrium in 3-ml columns of solution in the ultracentrifuge has been determined experimentally. The density distributions have also been determined. The addition of 10 vol.% dimethylsulfoxide to the initial solution approximately doubles the density gradient at the isodensity position in the cell. The density gradients measured in preparative ultracentrifuge experiments were used to calculate apparent buoyant densities from the results obtained in the analytical ultracentrifuge. 3. 3. The tertiary buoyant solvent, Cs2SO4, 10 vol.% dimethylsulfoxide, and water, can be used to separate duplex DNA, single-stranded RNA, and double-stranded RNA.
High-precision mapping of the magnetic field utilizing the harmonic function mean value property.

The spatial distributions of the static magnetic field components and MR phase maps in space with homogeneous magnetic susceptibility are shown to be harmonic functions satisfying Laplace's equation. A mean value property is derived and experimentally confirmed on phase maps: the mean value on a spherical surface in space is equal to the value at the center of the sphere. Based on this property, a method is implemented for significantly improving the precision of MR phase or field mapping. Three-dimensional mappings of the static magnetic field with a precision of 10(-11) approximately 10(-12) T are obtained in phantoms by a 1.5-T clinical MR scanner, with about three-orders-of-magnitude precision improvement over the conventional phase mapping technique. In vivo application of the method is also demonstrated on human leg phase maps.
A forgotten old disease : mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis in children

Objective: The purpose of the study was two-fold: (1) to highlight the varied presentation of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis (MTL) in children and (2) to identify parameters, that may help in the early diagnosis of this condition. Methods: Between January 1995 and December 2002, 13 children with histological diagnosis of MTL were retrospectively assessed for age at presentation, history of exposure to TB, presenting symptoms, investigations, initial diagnosis, surgical treatment and outcome. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine potential risk factors for early diagnosis of MTL. Results: Thirteen children presented with: (a) fever, night sweats and weight loss (4); (b) acute respiratory distress (2); (c) cough and shortness of breath (SOB) (5); (d) stridor (1); and (e) chest pain (1). TB was suspected only in 6 children (46%) at presentation. In the other 7 cases (54%) the presumed diagnoses were: neuroblastoma (nZ1), metastatic malignancy (nZ1), bronchial polyp (nZ1), bronchogenic cyst (nZ2), and presumed foreign body (nZ2). Bronchoscopy was diagnostic in identifying cheesy material within the bronchus and organisms on lavage in 4 (30%) and in identifying external compression in 2 (15%). Thoracotomy and excision of the lymph node mass was necessary to treat the mediastinal compression and to ascertain the diagnosis of TB in 3 children (23%). All 13 children had complete resolution of tuberculous lymphadenitis following anti-tuberculous treatment. The diagnostic clues in this cohort of patients were cough and SOB with history of exposure to tuberculosis (PZ0.0001) and bronchoscopy and lavage with positive staining for acid-fast bacilli (PZ0.0001). Conclusions: Tuberculosis was not suspected in 54% of children with MTL, and they posed diagnostic dilemma on admission. Bronchoscopy must be used as a diagnostic tool in children where tuberculosis cannot be excluded by radiology or specific skin tests. Thoracotomy and excision may be necessary to treat the obstructive symptoms. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Density Of States Of Amorphous Semiconductors

The problems of defining an electronic density of states for amorphous semiconductors are summarized. A new equilibrium statistical-mechanical model for the structure and electronic properties of disordered systems is discussed and applied to the case of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The difficulty in treating non-equilibrium effects is briefly analyzed, and some of the unresolved controversies with regard to the density of states in a-Si:H are enumerated.
Studies in living tissue

A survey of biological literature of the present reveals a tendency to turn to the study of the living cells and tissues. This tendency is indicated by the use of microdissection, ultraviolet microscopes, transparent chambers in rabbits' ears, growing nerve cells and fibers in tailfins of amphibian larvae, and by intravitam technic on insect germ cells. The division stages of the germ cells of Anasa tristis which were carefully studied and drawn thirty-odd years ago are now shown by actual unretouched photomicrographs. These photomicrographs confirm the drawings in many points and show other structures such as mitochondria even more clearly than the drawings do. An account of a peculiarly shaped spermatozoon which has not been described heretofore in the literature is added. The question of the great variations of shapes of spermatozoa is discussed. The advantages of the use of methods for studying living cells, especially of intravitam technic, is emphasized.
Effect of age of the pelecypod host on the development of the larvae of the trematode Phyllodistomum bufonis

Abstract The effect of age of fingernail clams, Pisidium adamsi , on the development of larval Phyllodistomum bufonis is presented. Bivalves ranging from 1 to 5 days of age could be infected. Older bivalves, 25–30 days old, had less mortality than younger clams. Cercarial developmental periods were shorter in 1- to 10-day-old bivalves than in older ones.
In vitro studies on the absorption of WR-2721 by tumors and normal tissues.

Abstract An attempt was made to develop single cell systems which would allow the study of absorption of WR-2721 by individual normal and malignant cells. Simple mechanical dissociation procedures provided adequate single cell suspensions for most normal tissues and these cells concentrated WR-2721 against a gradient. One apparent exception was bone marrow—while the tissue is very responsive to WR-2721 in vivo , our in vitro preparations absorbed the drug only very poorly. It was found, however, that lipid and red blood cell contaminants in the marrow cell preparation masked and interfered with the absorption of WR-2721, causing the anomolous results. In contrast with normal tissue, mechanical or enzymatic dissociation procedures failed to produce adequate single cell preparations from tumors. Problems encountered include low cell yield, contamination by non-tumor cells of host origin, and tumor cell membrane damage. Since published studies of WR-2721 protection of monolayer cultures have probably all been carried out using malignant cells, we repeated these experiments using normal human fibroblasts. As with malignant cells, however, we found only marginal radiation protection of these cultured normal cells by WR-2721. In addition, the drug produced no detectable protection against radiation-induced DNA strand breaks, either in normal fibroblasts or in HeLa cells. Thus, cultured fibroblasts do not appear to provide a useful model for studying the absorption of WR-2721 by normal tissue.
An image analysis procedure to quantify the air void system of mortar and concrete

The entrained air void system in cement paste and concrete directly affects both the fresh-state workability and the freeze-thaw durability of concrete pavements and structures. In order to effectively study the air void system, the volume, spacing, and size distribution of the air bubbles must be quantified. This manuscript describes an inexpensive and effective procedure to quantify the air void system using automatic image analysis. We compare various materials used for sample preparation and recommend a procedure to create more accurate images. We further implement a stereological analysis method in the form of a user-friendly and customizable Matlab script. The script was verified by comparing bulk density measurements between air-entrained and control samples with the air content computed by image analysis. As a result, the user can quantify the air void system in a variety of samples by computing the air content, specific surface, spacing, and size distribution of the bubbles.
MAXIMIZING THE PROBABILITY OF ACHIEVING A GOAL IN THE CASE OF A PARTIALLY OBSERVED DRIFT PROCESS

We consider an investor with initial wealth X0<1, who wishes to maximize the probability of achieving a goal, XT = 1, when the stock's drift — modeled as a linear mean-reverting diffusion — is not observed directly but only via the measurement process. Adopting a martingale approach, a generalized Cameron–Martin (1945) formula then enables explicit computation of the value of the problem as well as the wealth process. The dynamic optimal allocation can then be determined using Clark's formula.
The associations of emotion knowledge and teacher-child relationships to preschool children's school-related developmental competence

Abstract This study examined the relative contributions of emotion knowledge and teacher–child relational variables to school competence. Seventy-four economically and ethnically diverse preschoolers (40 boys, 34 girls) completed an emotion knowledge task and a standardized school competence measure. Classroom teachers and their assistants rated the children's school competence and reported on the quality of their relationships with each child. After accounting for demographic variables, emotion knowledge was directly associated with children's performance on the standardized school competence measure. However, teacher-reported school competence of the children was predicted by both positive and negative teacher–child relationship variables. The association between teacher–child closeness and teacher-reported school competence was mediated by emotion knowledge.
Monochromatic Albedos for the Disk of Saturn

Saturn disk monochromatic albedos observation by multicolor photoelectric photometry, comparing with Jupiter
Two Laws Governing the Ionization of Strong Electrolytes in Dilute Solutions and a New Rule for Determining Equivalent Conductance at Infinite Dilution Derived from Conductivity Measurements with Extremely Diluted Solutions of Potassium Chlorite.

of the autumn and winter months at the beginning and end of the contest year than between the egg production of these months and the productions of the intervening spring and summer months. The relationship between the intensity of correlation and the degree of separation of the periods of egg production compared is best illustrated by the results for April and the five preceding and the six following months. The magnitude of the constants decreases with fair regularity from March to the preceding November and from May to the following October. The second law is best exemplified by the coefficients measuring the relationship between November or October production and the record of the other months. Note that in the biological year of this investigation these months do not fall in the same but in different calendar years. The results are to appear in detail in Genetics.3
Electronic four-particle correlations in semiconductors: Renormalization of coherent pump-probe oscillations

The nonlinear optical response of excitons in a single ZnSe quantum well is investigated by pump-probe measurements. In the counter-circular polarization configuration at negative delay, $\ensuremath{\Delta}t,$ spectral oscillations are observed the period ${E}_{\mathrm{PP}}$ of which is energy dependent. Whereas at energies above the $1S$ exciton the usual ${E}_{\mathrm{PP}}=h/|\ensuremath{\Delta}t|$ dependence is found, the period strongly deviates from that value at energies below the exciton. Model calculations reveal that this behavior is caused by the bound biexciton state in the four-particle correlations.
Crowding—An essential bottleneck for object recognition: A mini-review

Abstract Crowding, generally defined as the deleterious influence of nearby contours on visual discrimination, is ubiquitous in spatial vision. Crowding impairs the ability to recognize objects in clutter. It has been extensively studied over the last 80 years or so, and much of the renewed interest is the hope that studying crowding may lead to a better understanding of the processes involved in object recognition. Crowding also has important clinical implications for patients with macular degeneration, amblyopia and dyslexia. There is no shortage of theories for crowding—from low-level receptive field models to high-level attention. The current picture is that crowding represents an essential bottleneck for object perception, impairing object perception in peripheral, amblyopic and possibly developing vision. Crowding is neither masking nor surround suppression. We can localize crowding to the cortex, perhaps as early as V1; however, there is a growing consensus for a two-stage model of crowding in which the first stage involves the detection of simple features (perhaps in V1), and a second stage is required for the integration or interpretation of the features as an object beyond V1. There is evidence for top-down effects in crowding, but the role of attention in this process remains unclear. The strong effect of learning in shrinking the spatial extent of crowding places strong constraints on possible models for crowding and for object recognition. The goal of this review is to try to provide a broad, balanced and succinct review that organizes and summarizes the diverse and scattered studies of crowding, and also helps to explain it to the non-specialist. A full understanding of crowding may allow us to understand this bottleneck to object recognition and the rules that govern the integration of features into objects.
Quantitative ultrastructure of intradental nerve fibres in marmosets.

Abstract Numbers, axon circumferences, myelin widths, nerve investments and intra-axonal organization were investigated quantitatively for myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres in apical cross-sections of adult marmoset tooth pulps. The pulps were preserved in situ by aldehyde perfusion and processed for electron microscopy. Numbers of unmyelinated exceeded the myelinated nerve fibres and their circumference size distributions overlapped by less than 5 per cent. Many unmyelinated fibres were partially or totally non-invested with correspondingly smaller dimensions. Neurotubules and neurofilaments were observed to possess particular and size-dependent geometrical configurations. These results should help establish a quantitative ultrastructural basis for the nerve fibre organization within the tooth pulp.
Two HTS options for a 600 MHz insert of a 1.3 GHz LTS/HTS NMR magnet: YBCO and BSCCO.

In 2008, the Phase 3 program to complete a 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) NMR magnet started at the Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprises two sub-phases, 3A and 3B. In Phase 3A, a 600 MHz high temperature superconductor (HTS) insert magnet (H600) will be designed, constructed, and operated in the bore of a 500 MHz low temperature superconductor (LTS) background magnet. This will be followed by Phase 3B, in which the H600 will be combined with a 700 MHz LTS background magnet to complete a 1.3 GHz NMR LTS/HTS magnet. This paper presents and discusses design issues for two conductor options for H600: BiSCCO-2223 (Bi2223) and coated-YBCO or its variants, here designated as YBCO. For each conductor option, we focused on the following issues: (1) elastic and thermal properties; (2) critical current vs. field performance; (3) splice and index heat dissipations; (4) mechanical and thermal stresses; and (5) protection.
Cbl ubiquitination of p85 is essential for Epo-induced EpoR endocytosis

Erythropoietin (Epo) binding to the Epo receptor (EpoR) elicits downstream signaling that is essential for red blood cell production. One important negative regulatory mechanism to terminate Epo signaling is Epo-induced EpoR endocytosis and degradation. Defects in this mechanism play a key role in the overproduction of erythrocytes in primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP). Here we have identified a novel mechanism mediating Epo-dependent EpoR internalization. Epo induces Cbl-dependent ubiquitination of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K, which binds to phosphotyrosines on EpoR. Ubiquitination allows p85 to interact with the endocytic protein epsin-1, thereby driving EpoR endocytosis. Knockdown of Cbl, expression of its dominant negative forms, or expression of an epsin-1 mutant devoid of ubiquitin-interacting motifs all compromise Epo-induced EpoR internalization. Mutated EpoRs mimicking those from PFCP patients cannot bind p85, co-localize with epsin-1, or internalize on Epo stimulation and exhibit Epo hypersensitivity. Similarly, knockdown of Cbl also causes Epo hypersensitivity in primary erythroid progenitors. Restoring p85 binding to PFCP receptors rescues Epo-induced epsin-1 co-localization and EpoR internalization and normalizes Epo hypersensitivity. Our results uncover a novel Cbl/p85/epsin-1 pathway in EpoR endocytosis and show that defects in this pathway contribute to excessive Epo signaling and erythroid hyperproliferation in PFCP.
Plasma polymerized multi-layered photonic films

A multilayer optical interference film has been developed using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of different organic precursor materials. A relatively large refractive index contrast for polymers (>0.2) is achieved by sequential plasma polymerization (PP) of octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) and benzene. Gas-phase molecules of both precursors, excited by an argon plasma in a flowing afterglow reaction chamber, are deposited on a variety of substrates to form dense, pinhole-free, cross-linked polymer films. The PP-OFCB film yields a refractive index of 1.40, whereas PP-benzene exhibits a refractive index of 1.61 at 500 nm. We report here on the chemical (FTIR and XPS), optical (variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV−Vis spectrometry), and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) characterization of individually polymerized films of each component. These data are used to design a multilayer film with a notch at ∼1 μm. A ten-bilayer stack (alternating high and low refractive index)...
Leadership training and development: an academic library's findings

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to describe a process undertaken by Colorado State University Libraries' (CSUL) faculty to address concerns regarding their leadership training and development opportunities within the Libraries.Design/methodology/approach – A Task Force (TF) under the direction of the Libraries Faculty Council (LFC) collected and examined feedback from the faculty librarians, reviewed professional literature, and made recommendations to the Libraries' administration and the Council.Findings – Recommendations by the TF include: possible training initiatives, leadership role development, and improvement of organizational communication. The work of the TF heightened awareness of the issue within the Libraries. An LFC standing committee is now exploring and offering leadership training opportunities on an ongoing basis. An organizational climate survey has been completed and its results shared among the library faculty to address the issue of communication. In addition, the Libraries' admin...
The effect of resveratrol on neurodegeneration and blood brain barrier stability surrounding intracortical microelectrodes.

Abstract The current study seeks to elucidate a biological mechanism which may mediate neuroinflammation, and decreases in both blood–brain barrier stability and neuron viability at the intracortical microelectrode-tissue interface. Here, we have focused on the role of pro-inflammatory reactive oxygen species. Specifically, adult rats implanted within intracortical microelectrodes were systemically administered the anti-oxidant, resveratrol, both the day before and the day of surgery. Animals were sacrificed at two or four weeks post-implantation for histological analysis of the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses to the microelectrode. At two weeks post-implantation, we found animals treated with resveratrol demonstrated suppression of reactive oxygen species accumulation and blood–brain barrier instability, accompanied with increased density of neurons at the intracortical microelectrode-tissue interface. Four weeks post-implantation, animals treated with resveratrol exhibited indistinguishable levels of markers for reactive oxygen species and neuronal nuclei density in comparison to untreated control animals. However, of the neurons that remained, resveratrol treated animals were seen to display reductions in the density of degenerative neurons compared to control animals at both two and four weeks post-implantation. Initial mechanistic evaluation suggested the roles of both anti-oxidative enzymes and toll-like receptor 4 expression in facilitating microglia activation and the propagation of neurodegenerative inflammatory pathways. Collectively, our data suggests that short-term attenuation of reactive oxygen species accumulation and blood–brain barrier instability can result in prolonged improvements in neuronal viability around implanted intracortical microelectrodes, while also identifying potential therapeutic targets to reduce chronic intracortical microelectrode-mediated neurodegeneration.
Myosin from failing and non-failing human ventricles exhibit similar contractile properties.

In non-failing human myocardium, V1 myosin comprises a small amount (<10%) of the total myosin content, whereas end-stage failing hearts contain nearly 100% V3 myosin. It has been suggested that this shift in V1 myosin isoform content may contribute to the contractile deficit in human myocardial failure. To test this hypothesis, myosin was isolated from human failing and non-failing ventricles, and non-failing atria. Performance was assessed in in vitro motility and isometric force assays. Consistent with prior reports, a small amount of V1 myosin was present in both non-failing (6.2 ± 1.0%) and failing (3.5 ± 1.4%) ventricular tissues. No difference in isometric force or unloaded shortening velocity was observed for failing and non-failing ventricular myosin irrespective of myosin isoform content. Atrial tissue expressing predominantly V1 myosin (66.7 ± 4.1%) generated half the force but greater velocity compared with ventricular tissue, expressing predominantly V3 myosin. In additional experiments, rabbit cardiac myosin was used in a calcium regulated assay system to determine if V1 and V3 isoforms differentially affect thin filament activation. Half-maximal calcium activation was similar for the two cardiac isoforms. A 1:9 mixture of V1/V3 myosin, simulating isoform composition in non-failing human myocardium, was indistinguishable from 100% V3 myosin (simulating the failing state) with regard to velocity of shortening and average force. These data suggest that the myosin isoform shift reported in human myocardial failure does not significantly contribute to the contractile deficit of this disease. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Establishing a Geriatric Psychiatric Consultation in a VA Medical Center.

The authors describe the establishment of a Geriatric Psychiatry Consultation-Liaison Team (GPCLT) at a Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) that previously had no organized geriatric psychiatric service. Geriatric psychiatric consultation was required by three intermediate-care units treating older, chronically medically ill veterans with psychiatric symptoms or disorders. The GPCLT comprised a black, female geriatric psychiatrist and a white, male social worker. This combination of disciplines maximized skills, and the ethnic-gender differences of team members addressed questions of racial tension and gender issues between patients and VAMC staff members. The compliance with recommendations of the GPCLT, ranging from 89% to 98% across the three units, its selection as a clinical site for a university-affiliated Geriatric Psychiatry Fellowship Program, and the increase in the total hours of social work time assigned to the GPCLT documented the positive perception of the team by both the VAMC and the affiliated university. Specific recommendations are presented for consideration by other, similar settings.
The Anatomy of the Tunica Albuginea in the Normal Penis and Peyronie's Disease

ABSTRACTPurpose: We studied the fine architecture of the tunica albuginea of the penis.Materials and Methods: The study included 6 human male cadavers and 10 surgical patients (5 with Peyronie's disease and 5 with normal penile anatomy).Results: The tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa is a bi-layered structure with multiplelayers. Inner layer bundles support and contain the cavernous tissue and are oriented circularly. Radiating from this layer are intracavernous pillars acting as struts, which augment the septum and provide essential support to the erectile tissue. Outer layer bundles are oriented longitudinally. These fibers extend from the glans penis to the proximal crura, where they insert into the inferior pubic ramus. There are no outer layer fibers between the 5 and 7 o'clock positions. Elastic fibers normally form an irregularly latticed network on which collagen fibers rest. In Peyronie's disease the well ordered appearance of the collagen layers is lost: excessive deposits of collagen, di...
Photoreduction of the mono(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) copper(II) cation in methanolic media

Abstract Irradiation of mono(2,9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline)copper(II) in methanol solution in the 26,000–40,000 cm−1 frequency range produces the corresponding copper(I) complex. The primary photoprocess is postulated to be homolytic cleavage of a Cu(II)-methanol coordinate bond. The reactive excited state is concluded to be a “spin-allowed” (doublet) ligand-to-metal charge-transfer state. Ligand-field (d−d) excited states in this complex are photochemically inert. Rates of radiationless conversion from higher-lying ligand-localized excited states to the reactive charge-transfer state appear to be extremely rapid. Apparent overall quantum yields for the photoreduction are affected by secondary reactions of the alcohol free radicals formed in the primary step.
Lack of TGF-α and TGF-β1 synthesis by human eosinophils in chronic oral ulcers

We recently demonstrated that eosinophils infiltrate prominently into cutaneous wounds in the Syrian hamster and represent a source of transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta. In this study, we assessed the role of the eosinophil and eosinophil-derived transforming growth factors in human oral ulcers that exhibit delayed healing, descriptively termed traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia. Our aim was to determine whether eosinophils, which characteristically infiltrate traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia lesions, produced transforming growth factor-alpha or transforming growth factor-beta. Twelve cases of traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia were examined for transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA and cellular protein by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Eosinophils in 92% of the cases did not express detectable cellular levels of mRNA for either of the transforming growth factors. In addition, only a small percentage of the many eosinophils infiltrating these lesions produced transforming growth factor-alpha or transforming growth factor-beta. The lack of significant synthesis of transforming growth factors by eosinophils in most of the cases of traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia is in striking contrast to the expression of transforming growth factors by the eosinophils that infiltrate the animal wound-healing model. Our findings may help to explain the delayed healing that is typical of TUGSE lesions.
Evidence from nucleic acid and protein chemistry, in particular serology, in angiosperm classification

Semantides, or information carrying molecules, are divided into primary semantides (DNA), secondary semantides (RNA), and tertiary semantides (proteins), with pro–teinaceous material proving to be the most useful in taxonomic and systematic research to date. The contributions to angiosperm classification from amino acid sequencing, DNA hybridization, and fraction I protein are still limited; however, serological data (600 taxa in 200 taxonomic publications) substantially (but unequally) influenced the most recent revisions of systems of classification presented by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Takhtajan, and Thorne. The analyses of semantides and amino acids have thus proven to be unequally useful in helping to understand evolution and phytogeny, and in contributing to classifications. The continuing incorporation of data from diverse disciplines into the development of systems of angiosperm classification makes multidisciplinary and multiauthor research (team research) more essential as we move into future research planning.
A fundamental dual-zone continuum theory for dynamic soil–structure interaction

A continuum theory for an improved characterization of dynamic soil–structure interaction in the framework of three-dimensional elastodynamics is presented. Effective in demonstrating the importance of integrating free-field and near-field effects under general soil and foundation conditions, a compact two-zone delineation of the soil medium is proposed as a quintessential mechanics perspective for this class of problems. Sufficient to deliver a practical resolution of some perennial analytical and experimental conflicts, a fundamental formulation commensurate to a gradated unification of the homogenization approach and any sole free-field inhomogeneous representation is developed and implemented computationally. Specialized to the problem of a rigid circular footing on sand, a nominal set of dynamic contact stress distributions and related impedance functions by the dual-zone theory is included for theoretical and engineering evaluation. Through its comparison with benchmark analytical solutions and relevant physical measurements, the usage of the underlying conceptual platform as an advanced yet practical foundation for general dynamic soil–structure interaction is illustrated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of heroin overdose reversed by sublingually administered buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone®)

®)w as administered sublingually to reverse a heroin overdose. Conclusions Sublingually administered buprenorphine/ naloxone might be used as a means to reverse opioid overdose.
Collingwood and the Early Paul Hirst on the Forms of Experience‐Knowledge and Education

Paul Hirst's ‘forms of knowledge’ thesis has been the subject of much discussion and debate in educational circles. Hirst's claim that such forms exist is not original but, as R. S. Peters claimed, his account is distinctive in its application to the school curriculum. This paper calls for a revision of Peters's claim on the grounds that R. G. Collingwood's writings on the forms of experience not only refer to the school curriculum, but also point up an explicitly educational agenda.
The fuel multiplier in multi-stage supply chains:

Fuel requirements on the battlefield impose direct costs associated with the resources necessary to transport the fuel and protect logistics assets, in addition to indirect energy security costs. Estimating the enterprise-wide demand for fuel associated with fuel consumption on the battlefield is a challenging, but necessary, step to making good decisions. This paper presents a modeling framework for estimating the enterprise-wide fuel requirements associated with a multistage fuel supply chain, demonstrating a multiplicative increase in fuel demand with additional stages, and examining the fuel impact of protecting the supply chain.
Pediatric Drug Formulations: Challenges and Potential Solutions

Lack of pediatric drug formulations for both currently marketed and new drugs continues to be a challenge. Marketing of commercial products, along with pediatric indications, would be the ultimate solution to the lack of pediatric drug formulations. However, until that occurs, funding of research on extemporaneous formulations proposed by scientists should be a high priority. Government, academia, industry, the USPC, and professional associations should collaborate in developing the best policies and an action plan. Infants and children should not be expected to wait for stable extemporaneous formulations of important drugs until an unrealistic goal of having all generic and new drugs available commercially in suitable formulations has been realized.
Superantigen genes encoded by the egc cluster and SaPIbov are predominant among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry

In recent years several new staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been described, which currently have largely unknown frequencies of occurrence and roles in human or animal disease. One hundred and ninety-one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows (99), goats (39), sheep (23), rabbits (15), chickens (15) and a cat (1) were screened for SE genes sea–see, seg–seo and seq and for the tst gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using multiplex PCRs and individual PCRs for the seb and sek genes. One hundred and ten isolates tested positive for at least one of these 16 superantigen (SAg)-encoding genes. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of some of these SAg genes between isolates from different animals. No strain possessed either the sea or see gene. The sec gene was present in 51 isolates, the sed gene in eight and the seb gene in one. The seh gene was found in four strains and the sek and seq genes together in one isolate. The most common combinations of genes were the egc cluster, bearing the seg, sei, sem, sen and seo genes, in 47 isolates, the sec, sel and tst gene combination typical of the SaPIbov pathogenicity island in 44 isolates, the egc cluster lacking the seg gene in 11 isolates, the sed and sej genes in nine isolates, and the sec and tst genes without the sel gene in seven isolates. The higher frequencies of the sec and tst genes together and the lower frequencies of the egc gene cluster among the SAg gene-positive sheep or goat isolates compared to bovine isolates were statistically significant. Of 36 bovine isolates that were mitogenic for human T lymphocytes, four were negative for the 16 SAg genes tested for, while a further 14 gave borderline results in the mitogenicity assay, 12 of which were SAg gene-negative. Twenty-nine strains lacking all the SAg genes did not induce T-cell proliferation. This survey indicates that novel SE genes seg, sei, sel, sem, sen and seo along with the sec and tst genes predominate in S. aureus from animal hosts. The mitogenicity assays indicate that further uncharacterized SAgs may be present in bovine isolates.
Production of guanosine by psicofuranine and decoyinine resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis.

Growth of Bacillus subtilis AG169 that produced large amounts of xanthosine and guanosine was inhibited by psicofuranine. When AG169 was mutated to resistance against psicofuranine, a mutant, GP–1, which yielded more guanosine was obtained. Psicofuranine did not inhibit growth of GP–1 any more. The guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) synthetase activities were then assayed. In GP–1, the specific activity decreased about half, the complete loss of repression by GMP was found, and the inhibition by GMP was slightly loosed, when compared with those of AG169.Furthermore, as growth of GP–1 was strongly inhibited by decoyinine, decoyinine resistant mutants were derived from GP–1. Of these mutants, two strains, MG–1 and MG–4, were resistant to decoyinine completely and showed the exclusive accumulation of guanosine in high yields, i.e. 16.0 and 15.5 g of guanosine per liter with weight yields of 20.0 and 19.4% of consumed sugar, respectively. GMP synthetase activity of MG–1 increased remarkably in comparison with t...
Multi-objective programming in SVMs

We propose a general framework for support vector machines (SVM) based on the principle of multi-objective optimization. The learning of SVMs is formulated as a multi-objective program by setting two competing goals to minimize the empirical risk and minimize the model capacity. Distinct approaches to solving the MOP introduce various SVM formulations. The proposed framework enables a more effective minimization of the VC bound on the generalization risk. We develop a feature selection approach based on the MOP framework and demonstrate its effectiveness on hand-written digit data.
Fine properties of Baire one functions

A new theorem in the theory of first return representations of Baire class one functions of a real variable is presented which has as immediate consequences several known characterizations of standard subclasses of the Baire one functions. Further, this theorem yields new insights into how finely Baire one functions can be recovered and yields a characterization of another subclass of Baire one functions.