cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Science and mathematics teacher communities of practice: social influences on discipline-based identity and self-efficacy beliefs

Teacher communities of practice, identity, and self-efficacy have been proposed to influence positive teacher outcomes in retention, suggesting all three may be related constructs. Qualitative studies of communities of practice can be difficult to empirically link to identity and self-efficacy in larger samples. In this study, we operationalized teacher communities of practice as specific networks related to teaching content and/or pedagogy. This scalable approach allowed us to quantitatively describe communities of practice and explore statistical relationships with other teacher characteristics. We asked whether these community of practice networks were related to identity and self-efficacy, similar to other conceptualizations of communities of practice. We analyzed survey data from 165 in-service K-12 teachers prepared in science or mathematics at 5 university sites across the USA. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analyses indicated that math teachers consistently reported smaller communities of practice and lower identity and self-efficacy scores. Correlations revealed that communities of practice are more strongly and positively related to identity than self-efficacy. We demonstrate that teacher communities of practice can be described as networks. These community of practice networks are correlated with teacher identity and self-efficacy, similar to published qualitative descriptions of communities of practice. Community of practice networks are therefore a useful research tool for evaluating teacher characteristics such as discipline, identity, self-efficacy, and other possible outcomes (e.g., retention). These findings suggest that teacher educators aiming to foster strong teacher identities could develop pre-service experiences within an explicit, energizing community of practice.
House Price Prediction With Statistical Analysis in Support Vector Machine Learning for Regression Estimation

Support vector learning machines are supervised models that analyze data for classification analysis. However, with modifications these models can be extended for regression estimation. In this paper, we use Dean De Cock's Iowa house price dataset, composed of quantitative and qualitative variables, to build a predictive house pricing model. We employ a systematic approach to preparing the data and processing the features using statistical analysis. To reduce model over-fitting, we use stratified k-fold cross-validation. We also use various metrics for measuring model performance including r-squared (*R*^2^) and mean absolute error (MAE). Moreover, we explore various kernels for hyper-dimensional feature mapping to account for data that is not linearly separable. We compare the kernel performance and find that there is a trade-off between model complexity and performance. Furthermore, there also exists a trade-off between maximum accuracy achievable and general model performance.
A combined computational fluid dynamics and MRI Arterial Spin Labeling modeling strategy to quantify patient-specific cerebral hemodynamics in cerebrovascular occlusive disease

Cerebral hemodynamics in the presence of cerebrovascular occlusive disease (CVOD) are influenced by the anatomy of the intracranial arteries, the degree of stenosis, the patency of collateral pathways, and the condition of the cerebral microvasculature. Accurate characterization of cerebral hemodynamics is a challenging problem. In this work, we present a strategy to quantify cerebral hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with arterial spin labeling MRI (ASL). First, we calibrated patient-specific CFD outflow boundary conditions using ASL-derived flow splits in the Circle of Willis. Following, we validated the calibrated CFD model by evaluating the fractional blood supply from the main neck arteries to the vascular territories using Lagrangian particle tracking and comparing the results against vessel-selective ASL (VS-ASL). Finally, cerebral hemodynamics were assessed in two patients with CVOD and a healthy control subject. We demonstrated that the calibrated CFD model accurately reproduced the fractional blood supply to the vascular territories, as obtained from VS-ASL. The two patients revealed significant differences in pressure drop over the stenosis, collateral flow, and resistance of the distal vasculature, despite similar degrees of clinical stenosis severity. Our results demonstrated the advantages of a patient-specific CFD analysis for assessing the hemodynamic impact of stenosis.
Indirect Discrimination and Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity: October 2020 Workshop Proceedings

The Harvard Law School Human Rights Program convened a Workshop in October 2020, for the purpose of exploring in a comparative and cross-disciplinary manner the concept of indirect discrimination (or practices with discriminatory impact) on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. This report presents a summary of the discussion, as well as five individual papers prepared for discussion at the Workshop, preventing divergent views on how arguments regarding indirect discrimination are best understood and best used in the context of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Evaluation of Physicians' Attitudes Regarding Transport Modalities.

Abstract Objective Hospital mergers have made interhospital transfers necessary in the consolidation of medical services. Physicians must make decisions on the level of interfacility transport modalities (ITMs). We sought to assess physician knowledge of and comfort with ITMs. Methods A survey was e-mailed to 2,510 physicians in a health care system. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The mean and median Likert values were calculated overall. Similar calculations were performed for emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) and critical care physicians (CCPs). These calculations were compared with those for noncritical care physicians (NCCPs) using the t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results Of the 181 physicians who responded, 169 physicians identified a specialty. Sixty-nine were EMPs/CCPs, whereas 100 were NCCPs. The mean and median Likert values were statistically significantly higher for EMPs/CCPs compared with NCCPs (P Conclusion EMPs/CCPs seem to be more comfortable with ITMs than NCCPs. Further research should evaluate whether educational interventions lead to a more appropriate use of ITMs.
Respiratory diseases in patients with bed bugs.

INTRODUCTION Some arthropods such as cockroaches can exacerbate asthma, but it is unknown is this is true of bed bugs. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work is to determine if bronchospastic diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) would be higher for ED patients who have bed bug infestation compared with patients who do not have bed bug infestation. METHODS A case-control study was performed with 332 adult emergency department (ED) patients with bed bug infestation and 4952 without infestation. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Patients with bed bug infestation were not more likely to have a past history of or an ED diagnosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, bed bug infested patients were significantly more likely to undergo chest radiography, be admitted to the hospital, and receive albuterol in the ED (P < 0.05). Infested patients receiving albuterol in the ED were more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared with uninfested patients receiving albuterol (P < 0.001). Patients with an ED or inpatient diagnosis of asthma or COPD and bed bugs (compared with those without bed bugs) had significantly more ED visits during the study (P < 0.03). Bed bug infestations may be associated with respiratory pathology, which requires further investigation.
Development and the RAS

Abstract The development of the reticular activating system (RAS) reflects changes in wake–sleep patterns from the ­newborn to the adult. The transition from the primitive wakefulness of the ­newborn to the mature wake–sleep pattern was termed “advanced wakefulness” by ­Kleitman. A major milestone during this period is the developmental decrease in REM sleep, during which intrinsic membrane properties and neurotransmitter effects in the RAS change dramatically. Another milestone is puberty and the effects of hormones and gonadal steroids, which describe major functional changes whose dysregulation can result in the postpubertal onset of a number of disorders. The most obvious underlying principle behind the development of the RAS, however, is that there is a dramatic increase in waking as the human develops from birth to adulthood.
Imaging Detectors in High Energy, Astroparticle and Medical Physics: Proceedings of the UCLA International Conference

WIMP detection with liquid xenon, J. Park et al comparison of scintillation yields in liquid Xe and NaI(Il), T. Doke on a discriminating liquid xenon detector for SUSY dark-matter observation, D. Cline a high-resolution imaging detector - x-ray monitor for all sky (XMAS), T. Tumer et al an imaging-calorimeter telescope for electron observation using scintillating fibres, S. Torii et al structure and mobility of negative ions in dense rare gases, A. Khrapak et al excess electron mobility in liquid Ar-Kr mixtures, A. Borghesani et al measurement of non-uniform electric field distribution by KERR effect, K. Arii et al allene-doped liquid argon calorimeter for isotope identification of relativistic heavy ions, E. Shibamura et al electron swarm parameters in pure CF4 and its electron collision cross-sections, Y. Nakamura Monte-Carlo simulation of a coded aperture SPECT apparatus using uniformly redundant arrays, P. Gemmill et al unique 3-D imaging method for any Compton gamma-detector using adaptive maximum likelihood method, S. Sokolov et al miniature nuclear emission imaging system for intra-operative applications, M. Tornai et al scintillating fibre tracking at high luminosities using visible light photon counter readout, M. Atac the lead/scintillating fibre calorimeter SPACAL of the H1-detector at HERA, K. Zuber a compact VLPC photon transducer system, D. Koltick focussing DIRC - a new particle ID device, T. Kamae et al.
Methods Based on Multiple-Slit Fourier Transform Interferometry for Determining Thin-Film Optical Constants in the VUV/Soft X-Ray Range

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physical principles on which the metrological technique of multiple-slit Fourier transform interferometry (MSFTI) or transmission-diffraction interferometry is based. The MSFTI method views the periodic sample array as two interleaved diffraction gratings, one consisting of opaque apertures alternating with bars composed of the sample material and the other consisting of opaque bars alternating with open apertures. In this picture, each grating generates its own diffracted amplitude pattern in the far field, and as these patterns are shift-invariant with respect to the grating's lateral positions, they interfere additively. To the extent that all the grating bars are identical, MSFTI can be viewed as being analogous to the direct-field interferometric techniques and can be characterized as a photometric technique that is based on normal-incidence transmission and multiple-beam interference. In its usual application to nominally isotropic and homogeneous materials, it is insensitive to polarization effects and is, therefore, unrelated to ellipsometric or polarimetric methods. The chapter further provides an analysis of the dimensional constraints on the MSFTI configuration that are required to make its practical performance consistent and highlights some of the experimental requirements for MSFTI. The chapter also analyzes the relationship of MSFTI with alternative metrological techniques and the prospects for MSFTI in other spectral regimes.
Robust Modal Control of Distributed-Parameter Systems with Uncertainty

Control is designed for decreasing vibratory motion of large flexible structures which possess unknown mass and stiffness distributions, and have disturbance forces acting upon them. A postulated model of a self-adjoint positive definite distributed-parameter system is employed to obtain an orthonormal set of eigenfunctions used to convert the uncertain flexible structure into modal space. A class of robust controls that guarantee practical stability for dynamic systems which consist of interconnected subsystems with uncertainties are then employed to control each mode of the flexible structure. This control is designed based on the possible bound of the uncertainty. Since, it may be difficult to obtain the bound of uncertainty an adaptive algorithm is employed to estimate the bound on-line.
Treated prevalence, incidence, and pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent mood disorders in an HMO.

This study examined the “treated” prevalence, incidence, and pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent mood disorders in a managed care setting. General prevalence patterns across age and sex were similar to those reported in community epidemiology studies, although, not unexpectedly, the overall rates were somewhat lower. Primary care providers identified a substantial proportion of the youth with a mood disorder. Antidepressant medication was used more often by youth identified with a mood disorder in medical care settings than by those youth identified in specialty mental health care settings. These results are valuable in determining if youth with mood disorders receiving medication prescriptions across settings are treated according to current best practice guidelines (such as the adult depression guidelines [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993]), that is, primarily with SSRI medications.
Plasma membrane alteration during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco suspension cells as monitored by intracellular accumulation of fluorescein

Alteration of plant cell plasma membrane lipid phase during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction has been reported. To improve the detection of membrane lipid phase alteration during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction we monitored the accumulation of the fluorescent molecule fluorescein, from added fluorescein diacetate. Cells exposed to fluorescein diacetate accumulate fluorescein by rapid diffusion of fluorescein diacetate through the lipid phase of the plasma membrane and intracellular release of the acetate moieties by enzymes having esterase activity. Therefore, alterations of the lipid phase which affect fluorescein accumulation by changing the diffusion rate of fluorescein diacetate through the membrane can be monitored. The hypersensitive reaction was induced in tobacco suspension cultured cells by addition of the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae . Dramatic reduction of fluorescein accumulation was observed after 2 h. Tobacco cells exposed to a Tn5 insertion mutant of the pathogen, which does not induce the hypersensitive reaction, or the compatible pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci , did not show a reduction in fluorescein accumulation. Evaluation of possible mechanisms indicated that decreased fluorescein accumulation resulted from decreased membrane permeability to fluorescein diacetate. Since fluorescein diacetate is a lipid-soluble, non-polar molecule, the lowered plasma membrane permeability to fluorescein diacetate implies that alteration of plasma membrane lipid phase occurs during the hypersensitive reaction of tobacco to P. syringae pv. syringae .
Muscarinic Receptor Activity Induces an Afterdepolarization in a Subpopulation of Hippocampal CA1 Interneurons

Cholinergic input to the hippocampus may be involved in important behavioral functions and the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Muscarinic receptor activity in interneurons of the hippocampus may play a role in these actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of muscarinic receptor activity on the excitability of different subtypes of interneurons in rat hippocampal CA1. Most interneurons displayed an afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP) after depolarization by injected current or synaptic stimulation. In the presence of a muscarinic agonist, the AHP of a subset of these interneurons was replaced by an afterdepolarization (ADP), often of sufficient magnitude to evoke action potentials in the absence of further stimulation. The ADP was insensitive to cadmium and low extracellular calcium. It was blocked by low extracellular sodium but not by tetrodotoxin or low concentrations of amiloride. Muscarinic ADPs were sometimes observed in isolation but were often accompanied by depolarizing, hyperpolarizing, or biphasic changes in the membrane potential. Interneurons with muscarinic ADPs were found in all strata of CA1 and did not fall into a single morphological classification. The potential functions of the prolonged action potential output of interneurons produced by the ADP could include changes in hippocampal circuit properties and facilitation of the release of peptide cotransmitters in these interneurons.
Temperature-Sensitive Defect of Mutants Isolated from L Cells Persistently Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus

Abstract The temperature-sensitive defects of virus mutants isolated from L cells persistently infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were analyzed. Genetic grouping of the mutants by complementation tests was attempted by using several different methods, including yield analysis, RNA synthesis, and heterozygote formation at 42 to 43 C, the nonpermissive temperature. In each case, specific interference prevented detection of complementation. This interference was shown to occur prior to or at the level of virus RNA synthesis. Temperature-shift experiments with five different NDVpi clones showed that virus replication begun at 37 C could not be completed at the nonpermissive temperature. The activity of the NDV-specific RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the cytoplasm of infected chicken embryo cells was not stable and could not be demonstrated directly. However, indirect measurement of RNA polymerase activity at the nonpermissive temperature was accomplished by studying the kinetics of virus-specific RNA synthesis in infected cells after temperature shift. Two types of response were obtained: with three NDVpi clones, virus-specific RNA synthesis ceased immediately upon transfer of infected cells to 42 to 43 C, whereas in cells infected with two other NDVpi clones, RNA synthesis continued for several hours at this temperature. These results suggested that there may be two types of ts defects in NDVpi, both associated with virus-specific RNA polymerase activity.
Deal or No Deal? : Advertizing and Sampling Effects on Two- sided Daily Deal Platforms

With the advent of Groupon.com in 2008, daily deal platforms have seen phenomenal growth. But surprisingly there is very sparse analytical research that has studied the economics of daily deal platforms which are two-sided in the sense that they connect merchants on the one side to consumers on the other side. We develop a stylized two-period game-theoretic model to analyze the strategic interaction between heterogeneous merchants and consumers. In our conceptualization, a monopolist daily deal platform is revenue maximizer who not only takes into consideration the cross-side network effect leading to chicken-and-egg problem, but also sampling and advertizing effect due to the presence of the platform. Keeping in view the realworld market conditions, we do not impose the restriction that the two-sides can interact only through the platform and allow the two-sides to transact outside the platform too. We model the strategic interaction between the daily deal website (platform) and merchants as a Stackelberg leader-follower game where merchants choose discount rate, keeping that in view the platform’s choice of the fixed fee rate or revenue sharing rate. Our result shows the merchants offer higher discount rate on the daily deal website than outside the website, and surprisingly, merchants’ optimal choice of discount rate is independent from the platform’s fixed fee rate. We also show that merchants that are new in the market place and therefore, less well-known gain more from offering a deal on the daily deal website. Some of merchants never offer a deal on the platform even if offering a deal on the platform is free.
Compactness of operators on generalized Fock spaces

For a very general class of weighted Fock spaces on $\mathbb{C}^n$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Toeplitz operator with a (not necessarily positive) measure symbol to be compact. Furthermore, we show that all compact operators are in the norm closure of the algebra generated by Toeplitz operators with $C_c ^\infty(\mathbb{C}^n)$ symbols, and in the Hilbert space setting show that all compact operators are in the norm closure of the set of such Toeplitz operators.
Practical Valence-Bond Calculations

Publisher Summary This chapter describes that the valence-bond method for calculating molecular structures and energies has had an enduring popularity among chemists as a conceptual tool for interpreting chemical reactivities and processes at the qualitative level. It discusses procedures that treat problems involving a number of systems to the level of accuracy expected with other computational methods and with no greater level of difficulty. It is suggested that using these procedures, valence-bond calculations are not too difficult to be practical. It is suggested that using these procedures, valence-bond calculations are not too difficult to be practical. Many specific calculations are used to illustrate characteristics of the valence-bond approach. One of these is a π-only (frozen σ core) calculation of planar butadiene. It describes the minimal basis calculation and shows how a double-zeta treatment may be used to obtain better energies without relinquishing the easy interpretability of the simple wave function. Other system consists of an ethylene molecule and a methylene radical. Some pathways are considered for the insertion of methylene into C 2 H 4 , to form cyclopropane, with particular emphasis on the symmetries of the interacting states and the single-triplet crossing points in the process.
Cytodifferentiation of mouse mammary epithelial cells cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane reveals striking similarities to development in vivo

In the present study we provide evidence that the cytodifferentiation of primary mouse mammary epithelial cells within the alveolar-like structures formed after culture on a reconstituted basement membrane resembles development in vivo during late pregnancy and early lactation. During the first two days in culture on a basement membrane gel in the presence of lactogenic hormones, epithelial cells isolated from mid-pregnant mice are disorganized and central lumina are largely absent. Levels of mRNA for the milk proteins, beta-casein and transferrin, are dramatically reduced. By the second or third day in culture, cytoplasmic polarization becomes evident and prominent apical junctional complexes are formed. Synthesis of both mRNA and milk protein is reinitiated at this time. By day 4, well-defined lumina appear, and abundant synthesis and secretion of casein and lipid is observed. A striking feature of this differentiation in culture is the specific localization of milk protein gene expression (beta-casein mRNA) to luminal epithelial cells in the alveolar-like structures. At the ultrastructural level, increased milk protein synthesis and secretion are paralleled by a fourfold increase in rough ER that resembles the dramatic increase in the ER observed in vivo following parturition. One indication of tissue-specific differentiation observed in later cultures (days 4-11) is the synthesis and secretion of abundant casein micelles. A second characteristic of lactating mammary epithelial cells in vivo that has not previously been observed in culture is the secretion of milk fat globules. Taken together, these observations indicate that mammary epithelial cells plated onto a reconstituted basement membrane differentiate to the lactating phenotype in culture.
Effects of estradiol, sex, and season on estrogen receptor alpha mRNA expression and forebrain morphology in adult green anole lizards

Abstract Steroid hormones, especially estradiol, facilitate reproductive behaviors in male and female rodents and birds. In green anole lizards estradiol facilitates receptivity in females but, unlike in some other species, is not the activating hormone for courtship and copulatory behavior in males. Instead, testicular androgens directly facilitate male courtship and copulation. Yet, activity of the estradiol synthesizing enzyme aromatase is higher in the brain of male than female green anoles, and it is increased during the breeding compared to the non-breeding season. The functional relevance of these differences in local estradiol production is unknown. They might prime the male forebrain to facilitate production of appropriate sexual behaviors, perhaps by modifying morphology of relevant brain regions. In addition, we recently reported increased expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in selected brain regions in females compared to males [Beck LA, Wade J (2009b) Sexually dimorphic estrogen receptor α mRNA expression in the preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus of green anole lizards. 55:398–403]. Thus, it is possible that the hormone serves to downregulate its receptor in males to inhibit the expression of estradiol-dependent receptive behaviors. To begin to address these ideas, the present study examines the effects of estradiol treatment, sex, and season on forebrain morphology and ERα mRNA abundance in three regions important for anole reproductive behavior—the preoptic area, ventromedial amygdala, and ventromedial hypothalamus. While a number of effects of sex and season on forebrain morphology were detected, direct effects of estradiol treatment on these measures were minimal. ERα expression was greatest in the ventromedial hypothalamus, and a large female-biased sex difference was detected in this area alone; it resulted from estradiol-treated animals. These results indicate a sex- and region-specific mechanism by which estradiol can modify ERα expression in the green anole and could impact the expression of female-typical receptivity.
Espaço Público e Criatividade Urbana: A dinâmica dos lugares em três bairros culturais

A desterritorializacao da esfera publica e as formacoes sociais emergentes nos "espacos publicos" virtuais da sociedade em rede tem vindo a concorrer para uma acentuada erosao da vida colectiva nos espacos publicos e lugares urbanos tradicionais. No entanto, a par desta nova cidade dos fluxos, determinadas areas urbanas centrais distinguem-se enquanto espacos de referencia para a cidade dos lugares. Este estudo- que pretende contribuir para a discussao da Cidade Criativa- analiza comparativamente as dinâmicas de tres destes lugares urbanos, informalmente reconhecidos enquanto "bairros criativos", ou "bairros culturais": Bairro Alto em Lisboa; Vila Gracia em Barcelona; e Vila Madalena em Sao Paulo. Na primeira parte do artigo expoem-se os pressupostos teoricos do estudo: uma abordagem ao tema da criatividade urbana a partir do binomio espaco publico/esfera publica; o reconhecimento da importância de determinadas actividades economicas para a vitalidade dos espacos publicos; e a hipotese que a morfologia do espaco publico - determinante da forma como as pessoas dele se apropriam- associada a uma grande concentracao de espacos privados de uso publico, contribui decisivamente para a criatividade e competitividade dos territorios urbanos. A segunda parte do artigo descreve os tres estudos de caso, em que se analisam comparativamente as dinâmicas dos espacos publicos e dos espacos privados de uso publico dos tres bairros em termos da sua funcionalidade, acessibilidade, e morfologia; bem como a percepcao de diversos agentes-chave locais das relacoes entre estes factores urbanisticos e a criatividade, vitalidade, e competitividade de cada bairro. Esta analise permite identificar algumas das condicoes e oportunidades dos territorios urbanos tradicionais para atrair e fixar actores e actividades criativas. Por outro lado, permite igualmente examinar criticamente a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de novas areas urbanas competitivas mas socialmente e culturalmente responsaveis.
An improved determination of chemical oxygen demand in water and wastes by a simplified acid dichromate digestion

Abstract A simplified and improved chemical oxygen demand (COD) procedure is suitable for water and waste water samples containing up to 1500 mg Cl l−1. Samples are digested with sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, silver sulfate, mercury(II) sulfate and sulfamic acid in open glass tubes for 2 h at 140 ± 2°C without boiling, and excess dichromate is determined colorimetrically at 440 nm. The use of 49-position digestion racks, a large oven and a spectrophotometer fitted with a 1-cm flow cell allow analysis of ca. 12 samples h−1. A correction for chloride interference is not required in the 0–500 mg Cl l−1 range. The detection limit is 3 mg l−1, and the relative standard deviation at the 112 mg COD l−1 level is 4.3%. Thirty-five waste water samples were analyzed by the standard dichromate reflux method and by the proposed procedure. There was no significant difference between the two sets of data (P > 0.25). Recovery data for 15 major water pollutants including benzene, toluene and pyridine are presented.
The topography of binge eating

Abstract The present study investigated the topography of binge eating by comparing characteristics of eating episodes recorded by individuals who engage in binge eating ( n = 29) with those who do not ( n = 27>), and characteristics of binge and non-binge episodes recorded by individuals who binge eat. For 2 weeks, subjects continuously recorded the type and quantity of food eaten during each eating episode, time and place of consumption, number of persons present, mood while eating, and whether the food eaten was part of a meal or snack. Results indicated binge eaters experienced negative moods during a significantly greater proportion of their eating episodes than non-binge eaters. Within the group of binge eaters, negative moods were experienced during a significantly greater proportion of binge episodes than non-binge episodes. Furthermore, binge episodes occurred significantly more often than non-binge episodes from 6:00 to 12:00 p.m. and significantly less often at appropriate places. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
A quantum well EAM-SGDBR widely tunable transmitter fabricated in a novel dual-quantum-well integration platform

In this work we demonstrate for the first time a monolithically integrated, widely tunable, electroabsorption modulator (EAM) based sampled grating DBR (SGDBR) laser transmitter fabricated in a novel dual quantum well (DQW) integration platform that breaks the fabrication and growth barriers associated with integrating quantum well EAMs with laser sources. Compared with the well established offset quantum well (OQW) tunable transmitters, the DQW devices require no additional processing or growth steps, and demonstrate significant improvements in bandwidth, modulation efficiency, insertion loss, and chirp characteristics.
Sa1435 Does EUS Have a Role in the Evaluation of Barrett's High Grade Dysplasia Before Endoscopic Treatment?

10cm and any mitotic rate, or any size 10/50HPF) in those 12 patients. A final diagnosis concerning malignancy was made based on the present of metastasis or invasion to other sites in addition to Risk categories (intermediate risk and high risk). The tumors were classified according to the vascularity, and sensitivities for depicting intratumorual vessels in malignant GISTs were compared between two examinations. Results: CEH-EUS demonstrated no vessels in all 6 cysts. Homogeneous enhancement with fine vessels was observed in all 6 leiomyoma and 12 of 37 GISTs. Heterogeneous enhancement with abundant irregular vessels flowing from periphery to center of the tumor was observed in 17 of 32 GISTs. Heterogeneous enhancement with fine vessels was observed in all 9 ectopic pancreases. The sensitivity for detecting intratumorual tumor vessel in malignant GISTs by CE-CT and CEH-EUS were 25% and 100%. CEH-EUS was significantly more sensitive than CE-CT. Conclusion: CEH-EUS successfully visualized intratumoral vessels in SMTs. Furthermore, CEH-EUS may play an important role in characterization of SMTs and differentiation between benign and malignant GISTs.
Relevance of single nephron studies to human glomerular function

Over the past decades, the search for clues to the understanding of renal function and disease has led to the ongoing development of innovative laboratory techniques to approach these questions on the single nephron level. Development of renal micropuncture techniques has allowed assessment of the single nephron glomerular filtration (SNGFR) and its determinants, as well as of tubular transport characteristics. The history and techniques of micropuncture study have recently been reviewed [1]. This brief review will focus on three specific aspects of how single nephron studies have been used to provide insights into human glomerular function: explication of hemodynamic patterns of disease; definition of effects of hormonal mediators of glomerular function, allowing correlation with hemodynamic disease patterns; and identification of mechanisms contributing to efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
The challenge of reverse logistics in catalog retailing

Many firms are placing greater emphasis on managing returned product. Reverse logistics programs are being used to recover assets that would otherwise be lost. Research results are presented covering reverse logistics programs in the electronics industry, specifically among firms selling through catalogs. The paper looks at how reverse logistics performance and satisfaction with reverse logistics service are influenced by industry, firm size/sales volume, and internal or external assignment of responsibility for disposition. The results are mixed. Performance is significantly impacted by sales volume, while industry effects significantly impact satisfaction. Neither performance nor satisfaction was significantly influenced by location of responsibility for disposition.
Incorporating Nutrition into the Curriculum of a Midwestern Medical School

Nutrition has been identified as an area of need in medical school education by the American Society for Clinical Nutrition (ASCN), the American Medical Student Association, and the National Research Academy of Sciences.1-3 In fact, the American Medical Association (AMA) made specific recommendations for increasing the development of medical nutrition education curricula in the Medical Society Recommendations on Nutrition Education for Medical Schools.4 Along with other evidence, the report recognized that the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Medical School Graduation Questionnaire data show that almost 2 of 3 fourth-year medical students believe that the time devoted to nutrition in medical school has been inadequate. The purpose of this project was to expand and strengthen nutrition in the curriculum of a Midwest university medical school. The specific objectives of this project were to integrate nutr ition into the medical curriculum by developing nutritionbased resource sessions and minicases and to increase the quantity of nutrition education resources. In the late 1990s, the 4-year undergraduate medical school curriculum of this Midwest university was redesigned (Table 1), creating Curriculum 2000.5 Curriculum 2000 provided an overall focus on clinical case–based, studentdirected learning in a small-group setting through problem-based learning. Prior to Curriculum 2000, nutrition education was not part of the curriculum; thus, this team was charged with expanding the basic sciences to include nutrition.This challenge, along with a grant received from the Illinois Attorney General’s Office, led to an initiative to incorporate nutrition into Curriculum 2000. Initially, the research team (including a nutritionist, a physiologist, a biochemist, an anatomist, and clinicians) reviewed the curriculum to determine current material delivered to students and placement of nutrition education to minimize disruption of the existing curriculum structure. Members of the research team also participated in the National Board of Medical Examiners Faculty Item Review Program, allowing them to compare the nutritionbased content of the examination with the nutrition content placed in the curriculum. Based on the gaps identified and recommendations from the AMA,ASCN, and AAMC, the following initiatives were taken.1-5
Interactions between estrogen and progesterone in neural tissues that mediate sexual behavior of guinea pigs

Abstract (1) Interactions of estrogen and progesterone with each other and with the neural tissues that regulate sexual behavior in female guinea pigs were studied. (2) Long-acting preparations of estradiol-17β (E 2 ) were more effective in facilitation of lordosis than other estrogens. (3) A major behavior-facilitating site of action of E 2 is in the medial basal hypothalamus. (4) E 2 is selectively taken up by a saturable receptor system in fractions of hypothalamic tissue. (5) Although early effects of E 2 on neural tissues that mediate lordosis can be mimicked by certain anti-estrogens, anti-estrogens do not mimic long-term effects of E 2 that are required for optimum expression of lordosis behavior. (6) Progesterone (P) is required in extremely small quantities for facilitation of lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed female guinea pigs. (7) Facilitation of sexual behavior is a short-term effect of P that is mediated by the medial basal hypothalamus. (8) P inhibits the expression of lordosis behavior via a mechanism that is represented in the midbrain. (9) This inhibitory action of P has a longer latency than the facilitatory action of P. (10) Prolonged residence of E 2 in the hypothalamus temporarily favors the expression of short-term facilitatory actions of P on lordosis. (11) The long-term lordosis-antagonizing effects of P are not due to inhibition of E 2 uptake in the hypothalamus. (12) Inhibitory effects of P on lordosis may not depend on neural cells that have the ability to concentrate E 2 in their nuclei.
Detection of Salmonella typhimurium Grown Directly on Tomato Surface Using Phage-Based Magnetoelastic Biosensors

A phage-based magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor method is being developed for on-site pathogen detection in fresh fruits and vegetables. Salmonella typhimurium was directly grown with minimal nutrients on tomato surfaces in order to mimic natural environmental conditions. S. typhimurium was inoculated on the surface of fresh tomatoes, and ME biosensors were used to detect the bacteria. The populations of S. typhimurium after 24-h incubation time at 37°C and 100% relative humidity were 6.1 and 7.8 logCFU/cm2 after starting with initial inoculations of 3.0 and 5.0 logCFU/cm2, respectively. After evident growth, measurement sensors with E2 phage immobilized on their surfaces and control sensors devoid of E2 phage were placed on the inoculated tomato surfaces and the resonant frequency shifts were measured. As the population of S. typhimurium increased, the resonant frequency shifts of the measurement sensors significantly increased (P < 0.01), exhibiting 6,680 ± 665 and 9,384 ± 457 Hz for the populations of 6.1 and 7.8 logCFU/cm2, respectively. SEM images confirmed that the measurement sensor resonant frequency shifts were due to S. typhimurium binding with E2 phage. This study demonstrated that the ME biosensor method could detect S. typhimurium grown directly on tomato surfaces with limited sample preparation procedures. Therefore, the ME biosensor could be applied as a cost and time effective, relatively simple, practically suitable on-site detection method for S. typhimurium in fresh produce.
Deep inelastic neutron scattering and momentum distributions in quantum liquids

Abstract A new method for extracting single particle properties and final state effects in quantum liquids and solids from neutron scattering data at high momentum transfer is presented. Using the method, the momentum distribution in normal 4 He is found to differ significantly from a Gaussian. In superfluid 4 He a condensate n 0 =0.10±0.03 at T =1.42K is determined consistent with previous values. Applications to other systems are discussed.
Carbon's Calculatory Spaces: The Emergence of Carbon Offsets in Costa Rica

This paper analyzes the practices of calculation needed to create carbon forestry offsets in Costa Rica, paying special attention to the spaces that are produced through such practices. I argue that the calculations needed to bring a carbon offset into being as a commodity is a process that results in the coconstitution of relational space, absolute Cartesian spaces, and the bounded territory of the nation-state. I develop my argument by drawing on Martin Heidegger's writings on calculation, technology, and the question of being and examine the spaces that result from carbon offset calculations performed by the Costa Rican state. Central to my argument is the idea that the practices of calculation are productive of a technological metaphysics, where the world becomes disclosed to us as an object of orderability. This ontological orientation allows for the objects and subjects of the world, in this case carbon commodities as well as producers and consumers of carbon offsets, to become relationally embedded...
A carcinoembryonic antigen-secreting adenocarcinoma arising within a retrorectal tailgut cyst: clinicopathological considerations

Retrorectal tailgut cysts (TGC) develop from postanal fetal gut remnants. They have specific radiological and histopathological features that distinguish them from dermoid cysts, enteric duplication cysts, and teratomas. We report a patient with a carcinoembryonic antigen-producing adenocarcinoma arising within a TGC who underwent resection through a combined anterior laparotomy/posterior pelvic approach. Despite complete resection and delayed but complete functional recovery, diffusely metastatic disease was encountered 6 months after resection. Diagnostic, therapeutic, histopathological, and oncological implications of this illustrative case are discussed. It seems possible to use carcinoembryonic antigen measurements for treatment planning and for assessing treatment response for this rare disease. The described outcome also suggests that TGC can develop malignant degeneration and should be resected at the time of diagnosis.
Behavioral effects of adenosine analogs in squirrel monkeys: relation to adenosine A2 receptors

The behavioral effects of seven metabolically stable analogs of adenosine were studied in squirrel monkeys responding under a fixed-interval (FI) schedule of stimulus-shock termination. All drugs produced dose-related decreases in response rate, but differed in potency by up to three orders of magnitude. The 5′-carboxamine and 2-chlorine substituted analogs were more potent than the N6-substituted analogs. The potencies of the adenosine analogs in decreasing schedule-controlled behavior correlate well with their reported affinities for adenosine A2, but not A1, recognition sites as determined by displacement of bound ligands or modulation of adenylate cyclase activity. The results suggest that the behavioral effects of adenosine analogs in squirrel monkeys are linked to their actions at adenosine A2 receptors.
How a personal document's intended use or purpose affects its classification in an office

This paper reports on one of the findings of a larger case study that attempts to describe how people organize documents in their own offices. In that study, several dimensions along which people make classificatory decisions were identified. Of these, the use to which a document is put emerged as a strong determiner of that document's classification. The method of analysis is reviewed, and examples of different kinds of uses are presented, demonstrating that it is possible to describe a wide variety of specific instances using a closed set of descriptors. The suggestion is made that, in designing systems for organizing materials, it might be advantageous to incorporate information about contextual variables, such as use, since these seem to be particularly important in classification decisions made within personal environments.
Calculation of the binding free energy for magnesium–RNA interactions

The nature of the interaction between nucleic acids and divalent ions in solution is complex. It includes long-range electrostatic and short-range nonelectrostatic forces. Water molecules can be in an inner coordination shell that intervenes between the ion and its binding site. This work describes a method for calculating the binding free energy and applies it to a specific Mg–RNA system (Protein Data Bank ID: 1H2R) in the presence of monovalent salt. The approach combines high-level ab initio theory with Poisson–Boltzmann calculations and provides an accurate description of all terms of the binding free energy for magnesium ions located at the RNA surface (including nonelectrostatic interactions). Some alternative macroscopic approaches are also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005
Neuropharmacologic control of cerebral capillary permeability: Current implications for therapy of vasogenic brain edema

Vasogenic brain edema occurs as a result of a diverse spectrum of central nervous system pathology. The fundamental physiologic abnormality of vasogenic brain edema is an increase in cerebral capillary permeability. It is hypothesized that the recent development of new, potent, synthetic vasopressin antagonists will make it possible to impede the formation of vasogenic brain edema by the intraventricular administration of such agents with the subsequent inhibition of the neural control of brain capillary permeability by the locus ceruleus. The action of the vasopressin antagonists should be synergistic with the anti-edema effects of central alpha-adrenergic blockade produced by phentolamine. The combination of these two modes of therapy is expected to produce an increase in intracranial pressure which will require additional forms of medical therapy to control, in spite of the overall decrease of brain parenchymal water content.
Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering at Small-x

We study the semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering at small-x.A transverse momentum dependent factorization is found consistent with the resultscalculated in the color-dipole framework in the appropriate kinematic region. The transverse momentum dependent quark distribution can be studied in this processas a probe for the small-x saturation physics. Especially, the ratio of the quark distributions as functions of transverse momentum at different x demonstrates strong dependence on the saturation scale. The Q2 dependence of the same ratio is also studied by applying the Collins-Soper-Sterman resummation method.
Psychiatric Disorder in Children with Physical Disabilities

Psychiatric disorder in 304 children with four congenital conditions was compared with that of 360 normal children and across conditions, three that involve the brain and one that does not. Children with physical disability were at increased risk for psychiatric disturbance. Those with conditions involving the brain had greater psychopathology than children with cystic fibrosis. Severity of physical disability had little effect on psychopathology. The risk of psychiatric disturbance in children with conditions involving the brain varied directly with level of mental retardation. In addition, brain involvement conferred a risk of social isolation independent of mental retardation. The unique feature of severe psychopathology secondary to physical disorder was marked social isolation accompanied by a low level of aggressive behavior outside the home.