cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Endogenous Opiate Production: Effect of Fasting

The endogenous opiate alkaloid content in tissues from fed, 24 h and 48 h fasted rats was determined. Plasma morphine and codeine concentrations did not change in response to fasting. Morphine levels in the spleen increased 3-fold after 24 h of fasting and were lower than fed rats by 48 h of fasting; no change was detected in spleen codeine levels. Brain morphine levels were elevated 5-fold after 24 h of fasting and were two-fold higher than those of fed rats after 48 h of fasting. Brain codeine levels did not change with fasting. These results indicate that opiate alkaloids are endogenously produced in rodent tissues, particularly in the spleen, liver, and adrenals. The synthesis of morphine, in the spleen and brain, is maximally stimulated after 24 h of fasting, without alterations in tissue codeine synthesis. These suggest differential regulation of the endogenous synthetic pathways of morphine and codeine in response to the stress of fasting.
An all-digital PLL synthesized from a digital standard cell library in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents an all-digital PLL (ADPLL) in which all functional blocks have been synthesized from standard digital cells and automatically placed and routed (P&R). A calibration scheme is proposed to account for the systematic mismatch resulting from P&R. The ADPLL is fabricated in 65nm CMOS and occupies 0.042mm2. The period jitter is 3.2ps rms (36ps pp ) at 2.5GHz, and the power consumption is 9.1mW to 14.6mW over a 1.5 to 2.7GHz frequency range.
Geographical Distribution of Pyrethroid Resistance Allele Frequency in Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) From Argentina

The human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), is an obligate ectoparasite that causes pediculosis capitis and has parasitized humans since the beginning of humankind. Head louse infestations are widespread throughout the world and have been increasing since the early 1990s partially because of ineffective pediculicides. In Argentina, the overuse of products containing pyrethroids has led to the development of resistant louse populations. Pyrethroid insecticides act on the nervous system affecting voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Three point mutations at the corresponding amino acid sequence positions M815I, T917I, and L920F in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene are responsible for contributing to knockdown resistance (kdr). The management of pyrethroid resistance requires either early detection or the characterization of the mechanisms involved in head louse populations. In the current study, we estimated the distribution of kdr alleles in 154 head lice from six geographical regions of Argentina. Pyrethroid resistance kdr alleles were found in high frequencies ranging from 67 to 100%. Of these, 131 (85.1%) were homozygous resistant, 13 (8.4%) were homozygous susceptible, and 10 (6.5%) were heterozygous. Exact tests for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for each location showed that genotype frequencies differed significantly from expectation in four of the six sites studied. These results show that pyrethroid resistance is well established reaching an overall frequency of 88%, thus close to fixation. With 30 yr of pyrethroid-based pediculicides use in Argentina, kdr resistance has evolved rapidly among these head louse populations.
Real-Time Posture Analysis of Construction Workers for Ergonomics Training

Work related fatigue and injuries are critical issues in the construction industry. Repetitive and physically demanding nature of the activities and awkward work postures are the primary reasons for work related fatigues and injuries. In view of this, worker training on ergonomics is necessary before the start of any construction activity. Traditional methods of worker monitoring are tedious and in efficient. Recent approaches to understand worker ergonomics use specialized devices to physically monitor the health of workers. In addition to this, attempts have been made to use computer vision techniques to understand workers ergonomics; however they mostly focus on estimating the posture of workers. In this research, we present a framework for integrating posture analysis of workers and a predefined set of rules to categorize work tasks as ergonomic or non-ergonomic.
Women and the Choice to Study Economics

Underrepresentation of women in economics is documented in many studies. Investigation of its sources at the undergraduate level is examined through students’ decisions to persist in economics, either beyond an introductory course or in their major choices. The authors add to the literature by analyzing students’ decisions to take their first introductory economics course, an intermediate theory course, and ultimately major in economics, using the Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development. Results indicate that a smaller percentage of women take economics at all levels—introductory courses, theory courses, and majoring in economics. Even after controlling for aptitude, demographic characteristics, prior interest, course performance, environment, and course timing, persistent gender differences in the likelihood of partaking in economic education beyond the introductory course decision endure.
Subglacial to emergent basaltic volcanism at Hlöðufell, south-west Iceland: A history of ice-confinement

Abstract Hloðufell is a familiar 1186 m high landmark, located about 80 km northeast of Reykjavik, and 9 km south of the Langkjokull ice-cap in south-west Iceland. This is the first detailed study of this well-exposed and easily accessible subglacial to emergent basaltic volcano. Eight coherent and eleven volcaniclastic lithofacies are described and interpreted, and its evolution subdivided into four growth stages (I–IV) on the basis of facies architecture. Vents for stages I, II, and IV lie along the same fissure zone, which trends parallel to the dominant NNE–SSW volcano-tectonic axis of the Western Volcanic Zone in this part of Iceland, but the stage III vent lies to the north, and is probably responsible for the present N–S elongation of the volcano. The basal stage (I) is dominated by subglacially erupted lava mounds and ridges, which are of 240 m maximum thickness, were fed from short fissures and locally display lava tubes. Some of the stage I lavas preserve laterally extensive flat to bulbous, steep, glassy surfaces that are interpreted to have formed by direct contact with surrounding ice, and are termed ice-contact lava confinement surfaces. These surfaces preserve several distinctive structures, such as lava shelves, pillows that have one flat surface and mini-pillow (
Dynamic simulation of autonomous legged locomotion

Accurate simulation of Newtonian mechanics is essential for simulating realistic motion of joined figures. Dynamic simulation requires, however, a large amount of computation when compared to kinematic methods, and the control of dynamic figures can be quite complex. We have implemented an efficient forward dynamic simulation algorithm for articulated figures which has a computational complexity linear in the number of joints. In addition, we present a strategy for the coordination of the locomotion of a six-legged figure - a simulated insect - which has two main components: a gait controller which sequences stepping, and motor programs which control motions of the figure by the application of forces. The simulation is capable of generating gait patterns and walking phenomena observed in nature, and our simulated insect can negotiate planar and uneven terrain in a realistic manner. The motor program techniques should be generally applicable to other control problems.
Violence and Human Security in Developing Countries

"The Impact of Crime on Support for Democracy in Africa. Based on data from the 2008-9 Afrobarometer, this paper demonstrates that crime and corruption both have a significant impact on public satisfaction with democracy, democratic participation, support for the rule of law, willingness to pay taxes, and support for limits on presidential power.
Transcervical Thymectomy and Extended Thymectomy with Bilateral Opening of the Mediastinal Pleura

Transcervical thymectomy is a now well-established procedure for thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Transcervical video-assisted extended thymectomy can be performed safely and with minimal morbidity.
Fiber Breakage In Polymer-Matrix Composites During Static And Fatigue Loading, Observed By Electrical Resistance Measurement

By measuring the electrical resistance of a continuous unidirectional carbon fiber epoxy-matrix composite along the fiber direction during loading in this direction, fiber breakage was progressively monitored in real time. Fiber breakage occurred in spurts involving 1000 fibers or more. It started at about half of the failure strain during static tensile loading and at about half of the fatigue life during tension tension fatigue testing. Immediately before static failure, 35% of the fibers were broken. Immediately before fatigue failure, 18% of the fibers were broken. The fiber breakage was accompanied by decrease in modulus.
Gary, Indiana: A Disaster Model for Redevelopment

Gary, Indiana looks like so many other rustbelt post-industrial cities. In contrast to New Orleans, where a natural disaster was used to accelerate the destruction of the city and relocation of inhabitants, our urban crises are the outcome of human disasters. Industrialization drew millions of workers from the South, especially black workers as part of the Great Migration. De-industrialization wasted our urban centers and closed our plants. The jails cannot handle all the unemployed youth. Between the Gary-Chicago Airport, the South Shore Railroad expansion, and many other projects that should be providing jobs to local residents, outside forces are working against integration and facilitating a new campaign to reverse the Great Migration that brought so many people to Gary in the first place, people who helped build a great city and a great nation.
Representation and inference of cellular architecture for metabolic reconstruction and modeling

Motivation Metabolic modeling depends on accurately representing the cellular locations of enzyme-catalyzed and transport reactions. We sought to develop a representation of cellular compartmentation that would accurately capture cellular location information. We further sought a representation that would support automated inference of the cellular compartments present in newly sequenced organisms to speed model development, and that would enable representing the cellular compartments present in multiple cell types within a multicellular organism. Results We define the cellular architecture of a unicellular organism, or of a cell type from a multicellular organism, as the collection of cellular components it contains plus the topological relationships among those components. We developed a tool for inferring cellular architectures across many domains of life and extended our Cell Component Ontology to enable representation of the inferred architectures. We provide software for visualizing cellular architectures to verify their correctness and software for editing cellular architectures to modify or correct them. We also developed a representation that records the cellular compartment assignments of reactions with minimal duplication of information. Availability and implementation The Cell Component Ontology is freely available. The Pathway Tools software is freely available for academic research and is available for a fee for commercial use. Contact pkarp@ai.sri.com Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Grocery shelf stocking tool: analysis of productivity and human factors

Purpose – Grocery store tasks provide many opportunities for efficiency and ergonomic improvements. Shelf stocking is one task that has received considerable attention in recent years as grocery stores seek to remain competitive by stocking shelves in an efficient manner in order to satisfy customers. The purpose of this paper is to detail an analysis performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a grocery store shelf stocking tool. This shelf stocking aid is a device designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of stocking and fronting shelves in a supermarket or a similar retail environment. Design/methodology/approach – To test the claims that the device actually does improve stocking accuracy, efficiency, and ergonomic soundness, an experiment was conducted to compare the processes of stocking shelves and fronting items on shelves with and without the stocking tool. In creating the realistic conditions of a real-world store environment, extensive inquiry about item stocking and fronting procedures was...
Multiphoton microscopy of cleared human tissue for 3D histology

Multiphoton microscopy of optically cleared human biopsies can create a true 3D histopathology. We present recent advances in clearing protocols that reduce the total clearing time to <1 hour and enable effective nuclear staining.
Abstract 1465: Metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma determined by dynamic modeling of EMT network and Snail1 expression

Intro: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is drives metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The micro-RNA 200 family blocks EMT by targeting Zeb1, a suppressors of E-cadherin. We investigated a dynamic network model of EMT to predict metastatic potential of HCC cells and confirmed metastasis in-vivo using inducible expression of miR-200 in mesenchymal cells. Methods: We constructed an EMT signaling network by integrating the signaling pathways involved in EMT during liver development and hepatocarcinogenesis. This network was translated into a predictive, dynamic computer model. We utilized published murine epithelial and mesenchymal HCC lines. miR-200 family members were assessed using qPCR. A tet-on inducible system expressing the miR-200b was developed using pmRi-ZsGreen1 miRNA vector, which co-express miRNA and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Functional analyses included gene and protein expression, cell proliferation, and migration assays. 3×10 5 tumor cells stably expressing either empty vector (EV) or miR-200b were orthotopically transplanted into the liver of nude mice. Results: Dynamic network modeling using Boolean algorithms initially predicted miR200b would block Zeb1 expression and induce an epithelial phenotype. Compared to epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells express extremely low levels of miR200a and miR200b (400 and 1400 fold decreased, p 3 /week vs. 150 mm 3 /week high miR-200, p Conclusion: Stable/inducible expression of miR-200b targeted Zeb1 and partially reversed EMT by increasing expression of E-cadherin. This incomplete reversal of EMT by over-expression of miR-200 is not sufficient to suppress metastasis to the lungs, and dynamic network modeling predicts Snail1 as the primary node which maintains metastatic phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1465
Microhabitat Use and Activity Patterns of Holbrookia niaculata and Sceloporus u-ndulatus at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico

White Sands National Monument (WSNM), New Mexico, was established as a National Park to preserve the biotic and abiotic features of the "white" gypsum dunes environment. The lizards of WSNM are characterized as having special adaptive qualities that enable them to survive in gypsum sand. The lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata) and the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) are white forms of their respective species that reside at the Monument (Ruthven, 1907; Smith, 1943; Lowe and Norris, 1956). At WSNM, Holbrookia maculata is short, stout, and dorsally pallid with fairly well-defined ventro-lateral blotches, and Sceloporus undulatus is medium-sized with a dorsal coloration of pale gray to nearly white with faint black shoulder patches (Smith, 1943). Dixon and Medica (1966) reported food of these lizards, and Dixon (1967) studied their activity and reproduction. MacFarland (1969) found that H. maculata and S. undulatus overlap greatly in daily activity, behavior, and food but differ in substrate preferences in seminatural enclosures at WSNM. Holbrookia maculata at WSNM had lower body temperatures and thermoregulated differently than a population of H. mniaculata from outside the dunes proper (Hager, 2000). Human-induced landscape alterations and increased land management practices threaten taxa adapted to aeolian habitats. Preservation of these organisms requires basic knowledge of their biology. Consequently, my goal was to understand more about the activity patterns and habitat use of H. maculata and S. undulatus in the gypsum dune field at WSNM. To my knowledge, this is the first systematic field study of these two lizards in their natural habitat across an entire activity season. For each species, I evaluated daily and seasonal surface activity and how this activity relates to the lizard's structural environment, use of microhabitats, proximity to vegetation, and population density. These data will allow monument personnel to make more informed management decisions on behalf of these lizards and the biotic resources, in general, and will ultimately contribute toward the preservation of the biodiversity of the gypsum environment. In broad terms, this information sheds more light on community structure in sand dune habitats. White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, (32?45'N; 106?15'W) encompasses approximately 450 km2 of active, moving dunes. Its edges house various
Intersectionality and Critical Engagement with the Internet

This essay considers how intersectionality, as a critical epistemology and practice, deepens analysis of emerging group-based differences using the Internet. The author argues that intersectionality can shift analytical focus to process and institutions. Examples from the author’s research of market-based, for-profit credentialism provide examples of how marginalized groups use strategic hypervisibility to navigate institutional inequalities and how algorithmic stratification diffuses structural inequalities through Internet based interactions with critical institutions.
A critique of new materialism: ethics and ontology

This article seeks to offer a critical assessment of the conception of ethics underlying the growing constellation of ‘new materialist’ social theories. It argues that such theories offer little if any purchase in understanding the contemporary transformations of relations between mind and body or human and non-human natures. Taking as exemplary the work of Jane Bennett, Rosi Braidotti, and Karen Barad, this article asserts that a continuity between ethics and ontology is central to recent theories of ‘materiality’. These theories assert the primacy of matter by calling upon a spiritual or ascetic self-transformation so that one might be ‘attuned to’ or ‘register’ materiality and, conversely, portray critique as hubristic, conceited, or resentful, blinded by its anthropocentrism. It is argued that framing the grounds for ontological speculation in these ethical terms licences the omission of analysis of social forces mediating thought’s access to the world and so grants the theorist leave to sidestep any questions over the conditions of thought. In particular, the essay points to ongoing processes of the so-called primitive accumulation as constituting the relationship between mind and body, human and non-human natures.
Abstract 1337: Exploration of 2-aryl fused thiophene analogs as selective inhibitors of MEK5

In several cancers intermediate enzymes in the MAPK cascades are up-regulated and may represent adaptive changes giving these cancers a competitive metabolic edge over normal cells. Additionally these alterations may induce resistance to previously useful chemotherapeutic agents. The enzyme MEK5, a component of the MEK5/ERK5 cascade, is up-regulated in several cancer types including triple negative breast cancer and prostrate cancers. Our group has previously described the synthesis and testing of anthranillic acid derived compounds and their ring constrained analogs. To explore chemical functional group tolerance and preference on the central arene ring by MEK5, a series of fused-thiophene ring variations, obtainable by the Gewald reaction were prepared and tested. These compounds were examined at 10 μM with MDA-MB-231 cells treated with EGF to induce MEK1/2 and MEK5 phosphorylation. Western blot analysis using IR-tagged antibodies against pERK1/2, pERK5, ERK1/2, or ERK5 was used to determine total and relative inhibition of MEK-mediated phosphorylation of respective pERK products. Incubation with PD0325901 resulted in full suppression of both pERK1/2 and pERK5. For the variations explored, several novel compounds were identified that resulted in no inhibition in the formation of pERK1/2 and 70% inhibition of pERK5. This establishes a new structural class of selective Type III inhibitors of MEK5 that are more amenable to structural variation, facilitating additional structure activity relationship studies. Citation Format: Patrick T. Flaherty, Dhruv Shah, Mohit Gupta, Thomas Wright, Jane E. Cavanaugh, Matthew E. Burow. Exploration of 2-aryl fused thiophene analogs as selective inhibitors of MEK5. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1337.
Soils of the Western Range and Irrigated Land Resource Region: LRR D

The arid and semiarid ecosystems of the Western Range and Irrigated Region occupy large areas across the states of Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming, Colorado, and Texas. These areas are largely comprised of desert and semi-desert ecosystems located on broad plateaus, plains, basins, and isolated mountain ranges providing areas of forested habitat. The ecosystems in this region are predominantly dominated by shrubs, grasses, and scattered trees in the low lying areas, with areas of forest in the cooler, wetter mountain ranges. Much of the low lying land in this region is used for grazing with areas of irrigated agricultural production where water is available and soils are suitable. The soils in this region are dominantly Aridisols , Entisols, and Mollisols. The dominant suborders include Argids and Calcids on alluvial fans, plains, and basins ; Orthents and Fluvents on alluvial fans, plains, plateaus, and valleys; and Xerolls and Ustolls on mountain slopes. The soils in this area are central to sustainable ecosystem management and function, providing critical ecosystem services such as watershed and groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration , and maintenance of plant and animal diversity over a large area of the Western US.
Schottky-Barrier-Free Contacts with Two-Dimensional Semiconductors by Surface-Engineered MXenes

Two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides and nitrides, called MXenes, have attracted great interest for applications such as energy storage. We demonstrate their potential as Schottky-barrier-free metal contacts to 2D semiconductors, providing a solution to the contact-resistance problem in 2D electronics. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we find that the surface chemistry strongly affects Fermi level of MXenes: O termination always increases the work function with respect to that of bare surface, OH always decreases it, whereas F exhibits either trend depending on the specific material. This phenomenon originates from the effect of surface dipoles, which together with the weak Fermi level pinning, enable Schottky-barrier-free hole (or electron) injection into 2D semiconductors through van der Waals junctions with some of the O-terminated (or all the OH-terminated) MXenes. Furthermore, we suggest synthetic routes to control surface terminations based on calculated formation energies. This study e...
Abstract P027: GCH1 and GULP1 Play a Role in Hypertension Associated With Ovarian Hormone Loss Independently of Body Weight Gain

Background and Objective: Ovarian hormone loss is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, body weight (BW) gain and inflammation. Since BW gain is also associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, it has been difficult to separate the role of the immune system in hypertension from BW gain. Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats gain BW after ovariectomy; however, only the DS rat becomes hypertensive. In this study, we took advantage of the DS/ DR model to determine which T cell genes are associated with hypertension induced by ovarian hormone loss-independently of body weight gain. Methods and Analysis: DS and DR rats (1 month) were either ovariectomized (OVX) or subjected to sham surgery (Sham). At 4 months of age, a microarray analysis was conducted on isolated splenic T-cells from these 4 groups and differential expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. Results: In contrast to DR rats which remain normotensive, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly increased by 14 mm Hg in DS rats after ovariectomy [MAP (mmHg): DS-OVX, 143 ± 3.4 vs DS-Sham, 129 ± 9.4; n=10-11/group; p=0.0002; DR-OVX, 123 ± 15 vs DR-Sham, 126 ± 4.8; n=11-12/group; ns]. Both rat strains, however, exhibited a similar 17-20% increase in BW after ovariectomy compared to sham treatment [BW (g): DS-OVX, 372 ± 34 vs. DS-Sham, 308 ± 13; n=6-7/group; p<0.05; DR-OVX, 323 ± 22 vs, DR-Sham, 276 ± 49; n=7/group; p<0.05]. Microarray analysis suggested that among many others, the genes GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and Engulfment Adaptor PTB Domain Containing 1 (GULP1) were specifically associated with resistance or susceptibility to hypertension induced by ovarian hormone loss. Real-time PCR confirmed that GCH1 and GULP1 were selectively elevated by ovariectomy in DS but not DR splenic T cells. Conclusion: GCH1 and GULP1 play a role in hypertension associated with ovarian hormone loss independently of BW gain, which has implications for women with ovarian hormone deficiency due to premature ovarian failure or elective oophorectomy.
Special Report on State Aid — Part 3: Apple

This is Part three in a multi-part Special Report on state aid. It provides detailed analysis and critical commentary on the EU Commission's recent ruling against Ireland in the Apple state-aid case.
Transforming Commercial Textiles and Threads into Sewable and Weavable Electric Heaters.

We describe a process to transform commercial textiles and threads into electric heaters that can be cut/sewn or woven to fashion lightweight fabric heaters for local climate control and personal thermal management. Off-the-shelf fabrics are coated with a 1.5 μm thick film of a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), using an improved reactive vapor deposition method. Changes in the hand feel, weight, and breathability of the textiles after the coating process are imperceptible. The resulting fabric electrodes possess competitively low sheet resistances—44 Ω/□ measured for coated bast fiber textiles and 61 Ω/□ measured for coated cotton textiles—and act as low-power-consuming Joule heating elements. The electrothermal response of the textile electrodes remain unaffected after cutting and sewing due to the robustness of the conductive coating. Coated, conductive cotton yarns can also be plain-woven into a monolithic fabric heater. A demonstrative circuit design for a soft, lightweight, and br...
Youth Sport-Related Concussions: Perceived and Measured Baseline Knowledge of Concussions Among Community Coaches, Athletes, and Parents.

Abstract Objective To assess concussion knowledge of athletes, coaches, and parents/guardians in a community setting and to understand trends/gaps in knowledge among subgroups to tailor efforts toward creating educational interventions. Participants and Methods This prospective cross-sectional study involved 262 individuals (142 [55%] female): 115 athletes participating in noncontact and contact sports (ages 13-19 years), 15 coaches, and 132 parents. Recruitment occurred from August 30, 2015, through August 30, 2016, at 3 local high schools. Participants completed a questionnaire developed by the investigators to assess concussion experience and basic knowledge. Results Females, health care employees, and parents showed stronger concern for potential long-term sequelae of concussion, whereas athletes were most concerned about not being able to return to sport. Those with higher perceived concussion knowledge were slightly older (median age, 42.5 vs 33 years), more educated (college or higher: 42 [70%] vs 100 [50%]), and more likely to be health care workers (22 [37.9%] vs 34 [17.7%]) and scored higher on knowledge questions (average correct: 75.5% vs 60%). Most participants could identify potential concussion sequelae, but only 86 (34.3%) identified a concussion as a brain injury. Of the subgroups, coaches scored highest on knowledge questions. Those with a concussion history tended to consider themselves more knowledgeable but were also less concerned about sequelae. Overall, those with a concussion history scored slightly higher on knowledge questions (average correct: 69.8% vs 61.9%). Participants involved in contact sports were more likely to have had a concussion vs those in noncontact sports (57 [26%] vs 4 [10.3%]). Conclusion Significant differences in perceived and actual concussion knowledge across different subgroups of study participants involved in high school sports were identified.
Reducing Institutional Disorder: Using the Inmate Risk Assessment for Segregation Placement to Triage Treatment Services at the Front End of Prison Sentences

Most correctional scholars and policy makers agree that prison authorities should use restrictive housing less, yet few studies exist to provide guidance on how to do so while also ensuring institutional order. This study advances the idea that proactively providing rehabilitative programming to inmates at the front end of prison sentences will help reduce institutional disorder. In so doing, we create and validate a risk assessment instrument to predict inmate likelihood for placement in restrictive housing during one’s commitment. The findings of this study support the predictive validity of the tool. We argue that authorities can use this assessment to make more informed and targeted programming decisions during the intake process that will help reduce institutional misconduct and the need for restrictive housing.
Fixed point theorems for ordered sets P with P ∖ {a, c} as retract

We prove fixed point theorems for ordered sets P that have a retract with two points less than P and show how they can be used to prove the fixed point property for various well-known and various new ordered sets.
Microwave Spectra, Structure, and the Aromatic Character of 1-Chloroborepin.

High resolution microwave spectra for the somewhat unstable compound 1-chloroborepin were measured in the 5–10 GHz range using a pulsed beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Transitions were assigned and measured for three isotopologues, which include the most abundant isotopologue, 11B35Cl, and the less abundant 10B35Cl and 11B37Cl isotopologues. The molecular parameters (MHz) determined for the 11B35Cl isotopologue are A = 3490.905(35), B = 1159.38520(79), C = 870.59492(56), 1.5χaa (11B) = −0.220(22), 0.25(χbb – χcc) (11B) = −1.5300(99), 1.5χaa (35Cl) = −54.572(33), and 0.25(χbb – χcc) (35Cl) = 4.7740(79). The inertial defect is calculated to be Δ = −0.174 amu A2 from the experimental rotational constants, indicating a planar structure with some out of plane vibrational motion. An extended Townes–Dailey analysis was performed on the 11B and 35Cl nuclei to determine the electron occupations in the valence hybridized orbitals using the experimental quadrupole coupling strengths. From the analysis...
Comparison of Lurasidone Versus Quetiapine for the Treatment of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone compared with quetiapine for treatment of delirium in critically ill patients.Design:Prospective, observational cohort study.Setting:Sing...
Structure of human ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolase 3 bound to ADP-ribose reveals a conformational switch that enables specific substrate recognition

ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolase 3 (ARH3) plays important roles in regulation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a reversible post-translational modification, and in maintenance of genomic integrity. ARH3 degrades poly(ADP-ribose) to protect cells from poly(ADP-ribose)–dependent cell death, reverses serine mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, and hydrolyzes O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, a product of Sirtuin-catalyzed histone deacetylation. ARH3 preferentially hydrolyzes O-linkages attached to the anomeric C1″ of ADP-ribose; however, how ARH3 specifically recognizes and cleaves structurally diverse substrates remains unknown. Here, structures of full-length human ARH3 bound to ADP-ribose and Mg2+, coupled with computational modeling, reveal a dramatic conformational switch from closed to open states that enables specific substrate recognition. The glutamate flap, which blocks substrate entrance to Mg2+ in the unliganded closed state, is ejected from the active site when substrate is bound. This closed-to-open transition significantly widens the substrate-binding channel and precisely positions the scissile 1″-O-linkage for cleavage while securing tightly 2″- and 3″-hydroxyls of ADP-ribose. Our collective data uncover an unprecedented structural plasticity of ARH3 that supports its specificity for the 1″-O-linkage in substrates and Mg2+-dependent catalysis.
Cytopathology of Pleural, Peritoneal, and Pericardial Fluids

Cytologic examination of spontaneously occurring serous effusions is widely performed, especially with a view to detecting cancer cells in the fluid. The finding of cancer cells in such a fluid is of the gravest prognostic significance, denoting that the patient has cancer that is not only advanced but which is almost certainly incurable. Apart from cancer cells, examination of a serous fluid may reveal inflammatory changes, usually nonspecific, but which may be specific for certain diseases. Cytologic examination of serous fluids may also reveal infection with bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. It may also reveal the presence of a fistulous connection with a serous cavity.
Services and Flexible Production: Contingent but Mutually Reinforcing Systems

Analyses of economic change in the late twentieth century frequently point to two parallel sets of phenomena, the emergence of so-called “flexible production” systems and the explosive growth of services. Both of these have radically reshaped what is produced in various parts of the global economy, how it is produced, who produces it, and where production is located. While the growth of the service economy occurred for reasons only partly related to the emergence of flexible production systems, services would not be as prominent as they are today without the emergence of flexible production. In short, services and flexible production are contingent, but mutually reinforcing systems.
Cross-Validated R2 Guided Region Selection for CoMFA Studies

The Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) [ 1 ] approach was introduced in 1988. Since then, it has rapidly become one of the most widely used tools for threedimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D QSAR) studies. Over the years, this approach has been applied to a wide variety of receptor and enzyme ligands (recently reviewed by Cramer et a l . [2] and Thibaut [3]). Undoubtedly, the further development of this method is of great importance and interest to many scientists working in the area of rational drug design. CoMFA methodology is based on the assumption that since, in most cases, the drug-receptor interactions are noncovalent, the changes in the biological activities or binding affinities of sample compounds correlate with changes in the steric and electrostatic fields of these molecules. In a standard CoMFA procedure, all molecules under investigation are structurally aligned first, and the steric and electrostatic fields around them are then sampled with probe atoms, usually sp carbon with +1 charge, on a rectangular grid that encompasses aligned molecules. The results of the field evaluation in every grid-point for every molecule in the dataset are placed in the CoMFA QSAR table which, therefore, contains thousands of columns. The analysis of this table by the means of standard multiple regression is practically impossible; however, the application of special multivariate statistical analysis routines, such as partial least squares (PLS) analysis and cross-validation ensures the statistical significance of the final CoMFA equation [ 1 ] . A cross-validated R (q) which is obtained as a result of this analysis serves as a quantitative measure of the predictability of the final CoMFA model. The statistical meaning of the q is different from that of the conventional R: the q value greater than 0.3 is considered significant [4]. Despite obviously successful and growing application of CoMFA in molecular design, several problems intrinsic to this methodology have persisted. Studies done by us [5] and others [1,6–9] revealed that CoMFA results can be extremely sensitive to a number of factors such as alignment rules, overall orientation of aligned compounds, lattice shifting, step size and the probe atom type. The problem of three-dimensional alignment has been the most notorious among others. Even with the development of automated and semiautomated alignment protocols, such as Active Analog Approach [10,11] and DISCO [12], and the opportunity to use, in some cases, the structural information about the target receptor [6,13], there is generally no standard recipe to align all molecules under consideration in a unique and unambiguous fashion. Our recent QSAR analysis of 60 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is particularly illustrative with respect to
Advances in Cancer Care Impacting Familial Caregiving

More than three decades ago, the initiation of the National Cancer Act in 1971 set in motion a comprehensive national plan to reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality (Dunn, Journal of National Cancer Institute, 94, 410–411, 2002). Through the years, this act has been reauthorized and updated to reflect emerging developments and priorities in cancer care and research. The activities that have been initiated through this act have contributed to the current developments in the care and management of cancer and influenced the families facing current caregiving challenges today.
High Temperature Household Heat Pump Water Heater

ABSTRACT For the purpose of the improvement of saving energy getting rid of the assistant heater, we deveroped the high temperature household heat pump water heater using refrigerant 22 which is not controled CFCs by UNEP. This system is able to produce high temperature hot water 80°C and middle temperature hot water 50°C at the same time.
Quantitative cytochemical studies of RNA in experimental mercury poisoning. II. Changes in the base composition and ratios.

Adult male rats were intoxicated with methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl) or mercuric bichloride (HgCl2) at a daily dosage of 1.0 mg/kg body weight for various length of periods. Single neurons were dissected out from the dorsal root ganglia with the aid of a de Fonbrune micromanipulator. The RNA of these neurons was extracted and the base composition of the RNA was analyzed by the microphoretic technique of Edstrom.
U.S. Latinx Literature in Spanish: Claiming Its Rightful Place

Contemporary U.S. Latinx Literature in Spanish remains an understudied field despite the fact that a vibrant corpus exists. The essays focus on the post-1960 era and is a departure point to start a meaningful discourse about what it means to write and publish in Spanish in the United States. The key emphasis in these writings is the literary production in a language that is both emotionally and politically charged. Literary production in Spanish in the United States by Latinx authors is a strategic choice; it belongs to Latinxs, and it belongs to the United States. It is not only an attempt to include Spanish texts of the United States in the larger corpus of U.S. Latino texts but also into the study of literature written in Spanish, irrespective of origin.
Gordon Tullock: Master of the Muck and Mire

Some 20 years ago Gordon Tullock wrote the article on “Efficient Rent Seeking” which begins this collection. He submitted it the Journal of Political Economy, which rejected it. The article was eventually published in Towards a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society, and spawned an enormous literature, a portion of which is reproduced in this volume. At the time we began compiling this collection, the article had been cited over 200 times, and I am sure that figure will continue to grow. The article clearly qualifies as a seminal contribution to the rent-seeking literature.
Linear ablation using an irrigated electrode electrophysiologic and histologic lesion evolution comparison with ablation utilizing a non-irrigated electrode.

Objectives: To characterize the electrophysiologic and histologic sequelae of linear atrial ablation utilizing an irrigated electrode. To compare “irrigated” lesions with lesions deployed using the same electrode in a non-irrigated mode. Background: Previous reports of radiofrequency catheter ablation using an irrigated electrode have emphasized its favorable effect on lesion depth. We hypothesized that electrode irrigation would also benefit linear ablation of smooth atrial myocardium, a relatively superficial target. Methods: In healthy pigs, lesions were deployed in the right and left atria. Acutely, lesions resulting from ablation using an irrigated electrode, with radiofrequency energy titration guided by electrogram amplitude reduction, were compared to lesions using the same electrode without irrigation, with energy titration guided by electrode thermometry. Irrigated lesions were also assessed serially. Results: Acutely, irrigated lesions formed complete conduction barriers and were uncomplicated. In contrast, non-irrigated lesions formed complete conduction barriers but were frequently complicated, exhibiting endocardial charring, barotrauma, and pericardial damage. The rate and pattern of histologic evolution of irrigated lesions were uniform throughout each lesion; right and left atrial lesions healed similarly. During healing, 90% of lesions remained complete conduction barriers and 10 % manifested single discrete conduction gaps where viable appearing myocytes bridged the lesion. Conclusions: Complete, uncomplicated linear lesions could be reliably deployed in either atrium with an irrigated electrode. Not all lesions remained complete barriers to conduction during their histologic evolution. Lesions deployed with the same electrode ina non-irrigated mode were complete but frequently complicated.
Influence of Sexual and Reproductive Health Literacy on Single and Recurrent Adolescent Pregnancy in Latin America.

Abstract Study Objective Latin America ranks second in adolescent birth rate globally. Teenage pregnancy often leads to adverse outcomes, affecting the health of the mother and the child in various ways. We examined the association between sexual and reproductive literacy and teenage pregnancy in Latin America. Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey data for Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Peru, and Guatemala. Adolescents were asked about their sexual and reproductive health and their experiences of teenage pregnancy. We measured single and recurrent pregnancy risks according to various classes of sexual and reproductive health literacy using prevalence ratios and adjusted for covariates. We estimated the burden of “preventable” single and recurrent teen pregnancy at various effectiveness levels of sexual and reproductive health literacy interventions. Results The prevalence of teenage pregnancy for all 5 countries was 19.1%. A positive dose-response relationship was observed between sexual and reproductive health illiteracy and teenage pregnancy; an adolescent who reported complete sexual and reproductive health illiteracy showed 44% increased prevalence of experiencing pregnancy compared with an adolescent who reported accurate sexual and reproductive health literacy. Effective sexual and reproductive health interventions in all 5 countries was associated with 56,006 fewer single and 147,771 fewer recurrent teenage pregnancies. Conclusion Sexual and reproductive health illiteracy is a risk factor for teenage pregnancy. Complete sexual and reproductive health literacy is associated with substantial reduction in teenage pregnancy in Latin America. Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education and counseling could potentially avert a significant number of teenage pregnancies in these settings.
Comparing Empathy Levels in Doctor of Pharmacy Students and Exemplary Pharmacist Preceptors

Objective. To determine how student pharmacists’ empathy compares to that of exemplary pharmacist preceptors. Methods. First- through third-year Doctor of Pharmacy students and nominated preceptors demonstrating a model level of empathy in patient care were invited to take the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and answer demographic questions. A comparison of total JSE scores was made between students and preceptors. Comparisons of total JSE scores were performed between male and female students, students with and without direct patient care experience, students with and without chronic care experience, and among students based on class year. A factor analysis was completed. Results. The response rate for students and preceptors was 70.3% (n=318) and 73.7% (n=14), respectively. No significant differences in median JSE scores were identified for any of the comparisons. Factor analysis revealed two factors as underlying constructs: “compassionate care” and “perspective taking.” Seven of 20 items on the JSE had mean scores >6.0 (possible range 1-7). Conclusion. The majority of students had moderately high cognitive empathy not related to class year that was similar to that of exemplary pharmacist preceptors. A possible ceiling effect was found in several items on the JSE, potentially limiting its use for measuring changes in empathy longitudinally in students with baseline high empathy.
Exploiting content similarity to address cold start in container deployments

Serverless computing is an emerging Cloud paradigm that allows users to claim and pay for resources only when their jobs are executing. While this paradigm offers several advantages, the phenomenon of "cold start" reduces its inherent efficiency with respect to the utilization of compute, storage and network resources that support its existing virtualization deployment systems. We analyze current modes of deployment and identify data similarities across applications. Based on these observations, we propose a new deployment system that is built atop a peer-to-peer network, virtual file-system and content-addressable storage, which will increase compute availability, reduce storage requirement, and prevent network bottlenecks.