cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procedure Delays and Time of Day Are Not Associated With Reductions in Quality of Screening Colonoscopies.

Background & Aims There have been conflicting results from studies to determine whether factors unrelated to endoscopist skill, such as fatigue, affect the quality of screening colonoscopy. We studied the effects of human and system factors on screening colonoscopy withdrawal time and likelihood of detecting an adenoma in a large cohort of patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of operation and quality improvement data in colonoscopies performed at single academic medical center from November 2012 through February 2014. We collected data from the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse on endoscopy procedure reports, patient demographics, and pathology reports of all patients undergoing endoscopy. We identified all screening colonoscopies during the study period and determined whether an adenoma was identified in each screening colonoscopy procedure. Our study included data from 7004 screening colonoscopies of patients 50–75 years old performed by endoscopists who performed at least 100 screening colonoscopies during the study period (n = 18). Results Approximately 27% of procedures began on time; the median colonoscope insertion time was 5.9 minutes (interquartile range, 4.0–8.6). In multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for covariates and endoscopist-level clustering, adenoma detection was not associated with procedure delay ( P = .48), hour of day ( P = .40), or performing the second of 2 colonoscopy blocks in 1 day ( P = .88). Adenoma detection was associated with insertion time overall ( P = .006), but there was no consistent directional relationship across insertion quintiles. Conclusions Procedure delays and measured factors associated with fatigue, including time of day and multiple procedure blocks, do not reduce the odds of detecting an adenoma. Adenoma detection varies widely among providers, so efforts to improve adenoma detection should focus mainly on optimizing physician skill.
Acute Vilazodone Toxicity in a Pediatric Patient

Abstract Background Vilazodone is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5HT1A agonist recently approved to treat depression in adults. To date, there are minimal data available regarding the expected course and treatment of acute vilazodone ingestions. Case Report We report a case of a previously healthy 19-month-old girl who presented after an acute ingestion of an estimated 37 mg/kg vilazodone. She was taken to an outside emergency department approximately 1 h after an unwitnessed ingestion. Initially, the patient was noted to have decreased responsiveness, sluggish but reactive pupils, altered mental status, and reported seizure activity. She was given intravenous lorazepam for seizure control, intubated, and transferred to a pediatric tertiary care facility, where she continued to show signs of serotonin toxicity and received treatment with benzodiazepines and cyproheptadine. Despite vilazodone's long half-life and the large amount ingested, the patient was extubated within 10 h of presentation, had returned to baseline mental status by 22 h, and was discharged home approximately 57 h after ingestion. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Accidental ingestions are common in the pediatric population. Emergency physicians need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of acute medication toxicities, the expected clinical course, and the necessary supportive measures used to treat these patients. Because vilazodone is a recently approved medication, there is little experience with acute vilazodone ingestions. This report considerably increases the understanding of vilazodone's effects in the setting of an acute ingestion.
Creating continuity between computer art history and contemporary art

Computer art was started by a small group of pioneering artists who had the vision to see what digital tools and technology could bring to the creative process. The technology at the time was primitive, compared to what we have today, and these artists faced resistance from the traditional art establishment. Several organizations, such as the New York Digital Salon, were started to promote digital creativity through exhibitions, publications and websites. This paper will explore how to create continuity between computer art history and a new generation of artists that does not see making art with computers as unusual and views it as contemporary art.
Social Interactions and Peer Perceptions of Young Physically Abused Children

14 3-6-year-old children with a history of physical abuse and a closely matched comparison group of 14 nonabused children, all of whom had been in day-care for more than a year, participated in this investigation. Behavior observations, teacher reports, and peer sociometric ratings were used to evaluate children's peer interactions. It was found that abused children initiated fewer positive interactions with peers and exhibited a higher proportion of negative behavior than nonabused comparison children. Peers viewed abused children as less well liked. Further, peers were less likely to reciprocate the initiations of abused children, although they approached abused children as often as they approached comparison children. Teachers viewed abused children as more behaviorally disturbed. Overall, results indicated that abused children experience disturbed social interactions outside the home environment, despite involvement in a day-care setting that provides alternative peer and adult role models.
A fair non-repudiation framework for data integrity in cloud storage services

Data storage is one of the most profitable applications on the cloud computing platforms. Although a transparent service model provides more flexibility and convenience, it may be subject to the loss of data integrity. Our study revealed vulnerability in some commercial cloud storage services, which potentially will lead to disputation between client and service provide or among multiple uses. In this paper, we propose a framework that supports a fair data transmission procedure without the risk of disputation. A basic two-party non-repudiation (TPNR) protocol and an advanced multi-party non-repudiation protocol (MPNR) are proposed. Rationales behind the new protocol’s design and its working modes are presented in detail. We also discuss its robustness in the face of typical malicious network attacks.
Isolable Ethylene Complexes of Copper(I), Silver(I), and Gold(I) Supported by Fluorinated Scorpionates [HB{3‐(CF3),5‐(CH3)Pz}3]– and [HB{3‐(CF3),5‐(Ph)Pz}3]–

The group 11 metal adducts [HB{3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz}3]M(C2H4) (M = Au, Ag, and Cu; Pz = pyrazolyl) have been synthesized via a metathesis process using [HB{3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz}3]Na and CF3SO3Cu, CF3SO3Ag, AuCl and ethylene. The related [HB{3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz}3]Ag(C2H4) has also been synthesized using [HB{3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz}3]Na(THF), CF3SO3Ag and ethylene. These group 11 metal ethylene complexes are white solids and form colorless crystals. They have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The gold-ethylene adduct [HB{3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz}3]Au(C2H4) shows large upfield NMR shifts of the ethylene proton and carbon signals relative to the corresponding peaks of the free ethylene, indicating relatively high Auethylene backbonding. NMR chemical shift data suggest that the silver complexes of both the tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands [HB{3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz}3]– and [HB{3-(CF3),5-(Ph)Pz}3]– exhibit the weakest interaction with ethylene as compared to the respective copper and gold complexes. X-ray crystal structures reveal that the gold atom in [HB{3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz}3]Au(C2H4) binds to scorpionate in κ2-fashion while the related silver adduct features a κ3-bonded scorpionate. [HB{3-(CF3),5-(CH3)Pz}3]Cu(C2H4) has a scorpionate that binds to copper with two short Cu–N bonds and one long Cu–N distance.
Leftmost longest regular expression matching in reconfigurable logic

Regular expression (regex) matching is an essential part of text analytics and network intrusion detection systems. The leftmost longest regex matching feature enables finding a leftmost derivation of an input text and helps resolve ambiguities that can arise in natural-language parsing. We show that leftmost longest regex matching can be efficiently performed in a dataflow pipeline by combining a recently proposed regex-matching architecture with simple last-in first-out (LIFO) buffers and streaming filter units, without creating significant back-pressure or using costly sorting operations. The techniques we propose can be used to compute overlapping and non-overlapping leftmost longest and rightmost longest regex matches. In addition, we show that the latency of the LIFO buffers can be hidden by overlapping the processing of subsequent input streams, without replicating the buffer space. Experiments on an Altera Stratix IV FPGA show a 200-fold improvement of the processing rates compared with a multithreaded software implementation.
Trust in the Twenty-First Century

During the later half of the twenty-first century, conceptions of authority have been dominated by instrumentalist-based models. However, as society has seen a shift from compliance to cooperation, the instrumentalist model does not seem to explain why people cooperate. This shift has led to a motive-based model, which focuses largely on trust. Trust seems to be a motivating factor in explaining cooperation, particularly in that it motivates people to engage in actions, institutions to have discretion to take actions, and authorities to motivate actions. However, while there are clear implications for cooperation from a lack of trust, there may in fact be a dark side of trust in that it serves in the system justification process. There is of increasing importance to understand trust and the approaches in doing so have been vast—theory based, empirical, and behavior prediction. This timely volume makes an important contribution to the growing literature of trust, but many questions are left unanswered, such as what is the difference between institutional and personal trust and do institutions have motives? These questions as well as the many others posed within this volume will govern future social science discourse because of trust’s clear role in the effectiveness of legal and political systems.
Abundances in the Magnetic Stars

This paper summarizes briefly our knowledge of the stars whose spectra show evidence of the Zeeman effect. The spectra of these objects also exhibit pronounced abnormalities in the relative abundances of many of the elements; these abnormalities may, of course, refer only to the outer atmospheres of the stars. The abundance anomalies are described with regard to our present understanding of their reality and extent. Evidence bearing on the isotopic constitution of several elements observed in these stars is also presented.
Effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol on protein accretion, synthesis, and degradation in primary chicken muscle cell cultures

Seven-day-old primary myotube cultures derived from embryonic chicken limb muscles were used to determine the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) on muscle protein metabolism in vitro. Isoproterenol increased (P less than .05) total protein accumulation after 2 h of acute exposure and after chronic exposure for 24 and 48 h. Isoproterenol did not consistently retard rate of protein degradation of the total protein (TP), myofibrillar protein (MFP) pools, and myosin heavy-chain subunit (MHC); degradation of these protein pools tended to be slowed by inclusion of ISO in the culture medium. After acute treatment of 1 X 10(-4) M ISO for 2 h, TP, but not MFP and MHC, synthesis rate was increased, and after chronic exposure to 1 X 10(-4), 1 X 10(-5), and 1 X 10(-6) M ISO, TP, MFP, and MHC synthesis rates and net accumulation of TP, cytoplasmic protein, and MHC fractions were enhanced (P less than .05). The beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1 X 10(-5) M) blocked chronic stimulatory effects of ISO. Furthermore, after 48 h of exposure to ISO, effects on protein synthesis were less pronounced than those observed after 24 h of exposure. Isoproterenol imparted a more pronounced effect on protein synthesis than on protein degradation, indicating that increased muscle protein accretion observed in animals after ISO treatment is likely a function of enhanced protein synthesis.
Sulfur Radical-Induced Redox Modifications in Proteins: Analysis and Mechanistic Aspects.

Abstract Significance: The sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are prominent protein targets of redox modification during conditions of oxidative stress. Here, two-electron pathways have received widespread attention, in part due to their role in signaling processes. However, Cys and Met are equally prone to one-electron pathways, generating intermediary radicals and/or radial ions. These radicals/radical ions can generate various reaction products that are not commonly monitored in redox proteomic studies, but they may be relevant for the fate of proteins during oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Time-resolved kinetic studies and product analysis have expanded our mechanistic understanding of radical reaction pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids. These reactions are now studied in some detail for Met and Cys in proteins, and homocysteine (Hcy) chemically linked to proteins, and the role of protein radical reactions in physiological processes is evolving. Critical Issues...
The Empirical Effects of Competition on Price Discrimination in the Presence of Arbitrage

Since Borenstein (1985) and Holmes (1989), a theoretical and empirical literature has emerged that examines the effects of competition on third degree price discrimination. Since transaction costs involved in conducting arbitrage are typically unobserved, empirical investigations in this area have largely been restricted to markets such as for air travel where arbitrage is difficult if not impossible. Using an entirely novel dataset, this paper documents the effect of competition on price discrimination in the presence of arbitrage in the Canadian online sports betting market where prices for Canadian teams are higher than in the world market. I observe how the prices of Canadian teams change in real time in response to the presence of arbitrageurs that establish Canadian sportsbooks’ observable marginal opportunity costs. I exploit the existence of government betting outlets not subject to arbitrage to obtain reduced form counterfactual estimates of the extent to which competition affects price discrimination in the presence of arbitrage. In this new empirical environment, I find results consistent with the airline literature: competition reduces overall price dispersion and markups, but dispersion and markups shrink more for those in the “strong” market than the “weak” market.
RADIATION SENSITIVITY OF THE MECHANISM INDUCING NON-SPECIFIC DESENSITIZATION(ANERGY) IN GUINEA PIGS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on radiation sensitivity of a mechanism inducing nonspecific desensitization (anergy) in guinea pigs. Animals immunized with two or more antigens emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) develop the capacity to produce cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (DH) 7 days after immunization. The injection of a large (mg) dose of one of these antigens leads to a temporary loss of the animal's ability to develop DH to this antigen (specific desensitization). Desensitized guinea pigs do not passively acquire DH when given immunocompetent cells, but cells removed from such animals and washed or briefly cultured can transfer immunocompetence to normal animals. In a study described in the chapter, when guinea pigs were given as much as 720 rads of whole-body irradiation 9 days after immunization, DH reactivity was unaffected. The administration of large doses of antigen to sensitized guinea pigs stimulates a population of radiosensitive thymic suppressor cells to leave the thymus and play an active role in the subsequent induction of anergy.
Of form, context, and use

Many of us have heard the expression "form follows function." It's a nice idea in theory: The notion the item we create inherently lends itself to a particular use. After all, the shape of a hammer should intrinsically tell us the tasks we can perform with that tool - be it pounding or pulling nails. But those of us who study human behavior related to use know this relationship of form to function is often far from the case. In truth, the connection between design and use is far more complex and often unpredictable.
Pinning Down Abuse on Google Maps

In this paper, we investigate a new form of blackhat search engine optimization that targets local listing services like Google Maps. Miscreants register abusive business listings in an attempt to siphon search traffic away from legitimate businesses and funnel it to deceptive service industries---such as unaccredited locksmiths---or to traffic-referral scams, often for the restaurant and hotel industry. In order to understand the prevalence and scope of this threat, we obtain access to over a hundred-thousand business listings on Google Maps that were suspended for abuse. We categorize the types of abuse affecting Google Maps; analyze how miscreants circumvented the protections against fraudulent business registration such as postcard mail verification; identify the volume of search queries affected; and ultimately explore how miscreants generated a profit from traffic that necessitates physical proximity to the victim. This physical requirement leads to unique abusive behaviors that are distinct from other online fraud such as pharmaceutical and luxury product scams.
A sub-cc nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester for powering leadless pacemakers:

A miniature nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester is developed to power state of the art leadless cardiac pacemakers from cardiac motions. The energy harvester is integrated in the leadless pacemaker and is connected to the myocardium. The energy harvester converts myocardial motions to electricity to power leadless pacemakers. The energy is stored in a battery or supercapacitor and is used for pacing. The device is composed of a bimorph piezoelectric beam confined in a gray iron frame. The system is assembled at high temperature and operated at the body temperature. The mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the beam and the frame causes the beam to buckle in body temperature. This intentional buckling makes the beam unstable and improves the power production and robustness of the device. Having high natural frequency is a major problem in microelectromechanical systems energy harvesters. Considering the small size of the energy harvester, 0.5cm3, the natural frequency is expected to be ...
Effects of Low Temperature on Structural Metals

Numerous alloys are evaluated for their structural usefulness in terms of ductility and notch toughness at cyrogenic temperatures. Alloys being evaluated include those of aluminum, nickel, steel, titanium and magnesium.
“I Was Grabbed by My Pussy and Its #NotOkay”: A Twitter Backlash Against Donald Trump’s Degrading Commentary:

The present study assessed how individuals used the #NotOkay hashtag on Twitter to respond to Donald Trump's comments about grabbing women by their genitals. We analyzed 652 tweets which included commentary about the hashtag. Three main themes emerged: (a) users' acknowledgment and condemnation of rape culture, (b) Donald Trump and the national state of sexual assault, and (c) engaging men and boys to end violence against women. Our findings emphasize that powerful political leaders can be salient symbols of rape culture, and Twitter is used as a public platform to organize and challenge problematic social discourse and call for action/change.
Wound ballistics: The prey specific implications of penetrating trauma injuries from osseous, flaked stone, and composite inset microblade projectiles during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, Alaska U.S.A.

Abstract Research in the field of wound ballistics has identified three major types of penetrating trauma injuries that will affect wound severity of a projectile point into hard or soft tissues: puncture, incised, and lacerated. In this study, we report on dual ballistics experiments conducted to better understand the wounding mechanisms of three prehistoric projectile point classes made respectfully of polished bone, bifacially flaked stone, and composite antler inset with microblades. Each class of projectiles was launched into ballistics gelatin and into the carcass of a reindeer to explore the relative performance characteristics of each class in terms of tool durability and wound infliction. Our methods of evaluation included a detailed measurement of projectile attributes before and after penetration of both gelatin and carcass that were then compared using tip-metrics, penetration depth, and total interior wound area. Our results strongly suggest that the wounding potential differed significantly between projectile point classes and in turn, strongly influenced wound severity. We suggest that point mechanics may implicate a “prey specific” hunting strategy and propose that such analyses can help us better understand prehistoric hunter-gather behavior and technological variability.
Intercultural Communication in English Courses in Asia: What Should We Teach About?

When intercultural communication skills are taught in foreign language courses, three high priority factors to address are (1) ethnocentrism, (2) stereotyping, and (3) ingroup bias. These factors are important to understand not only because they can bias interpretations, but also because they can potentially short-circuit the interpretation process through a mechanism known as “attribute substitution.”
Automated Titanium Fasteners Versus Hand-Tied Knots: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background The relative benefits of automated titanium fasteners (LSI Solutions, Victor, NY) have not been examined in patients undergoing sternotomy. The aim of this study was to assess the time and cost required for suture fixation with the automated device versus conventional hand tying in sternotomy for mitral or tricuspid ring annuloplasty. Methods Fifty patients scheduled to undergo primary mitral or tricuspid, or both, ring annuloplasty–based valve repair operation by a single surgeon were randomly assigned to receive either conventional hand-tied knots or automated titanium fasteners, with 25 patients in each group. The primary outcome variable was the time required to affix the annuloplasty device to the valve annulus. Results The times taken to affix a mitral annuloplasty band or ring were 6.1 ± 0.9 min for manual tying versus 3.1 ± 0.4 min for automated fasteners (p Conclusions Using the automated fastener to facilitate annuloplasty fixation through a sternotomy resulted in a small procedural time savings (average of 10 s/stitch) that had no overall impact on cardiopulmonary bypass or cross-clamp times but added an average cost of $1,026 to the operation.
Abstract 172: Arteriovenous Fistula Adaptation Requires Caveolin1 Signaling

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred access for hemodialysis. However, many AVFs fail to mature and require intervention, showing a need to improve AVF maturation. Caveolin1 (Ca...
Optimizing the Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia: Current Status and Future Horizons

A number of medications are available for treating patients with insomnia. These medications include agents approved as insomnia therapies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), agents approved by the FDA for another condition that are used "off-label" to treat insomnia, and agents available "over-the-counter" that are taken by individuals with insomnia. These agents differ in their properties, their safety and efficacy when used for different insomnia patient subtypes, and the available data on their efficacy and safety in these subtypes. As a result, optimizing the medication treatment of insomnia for a given patient requires that the clinician select an agent for use which has characteristics that make it most likely to effectively and safely address the type of sleep difficulty experienced by that individual. This article is intended to assist clinicians and researchers in carrying out this optimization. It begins by reviewing the basic characteristics of the medications used to treat insomnia. This is followed by a review of the fundamental ways that individuals with insomnia may differ and affect the choice of medication therapy. This review includes discussions that illustrate how to best choose a medication based on the characteristics of the available medications, the key differences among insomnia patients, and the available research literature. Lastly, we discuss future directions for the optimizing pharmacologic management of insomnia. It is hoped that the treatment tailoring methods discussed herein serve as a means of improving the clinical management of insomnia and, thus, improve the lives of the many patients who suffer from this common and impairing condition.
Image Database Query Using Shape-Based Boundary Descriptors

Interest in the potential of digital images has increased enormously over the last few years. The internet collection of images has been estimated well in excess of 30 × 106. Examples of large subject-specific image collections include medical and environmental databases. The latter might contain images of earth surface or subterranean objects obtained via remote sensing or from drill and borehole sensors.
EUGENICS AND THE MENTAL HEALTH MOVEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS 1930-1960

This article deals with the relationship between mental health care and the eugenics movement between 1930 and 1960 in the Netherlands. The followers of the eugenics movement believed that many manifestations of mental illness were based on a congenital defect and strived for measures to prevent reproduction of hereditary defects. In general, it should be concluded that although the eugenics problem —which showed little signs of a careful distinction between hereditary disease and congenital mental ‘quality’— was taken seriously, people were averse to eugenic measures. People thought the genetic basis of eugenics was doubtful. Moreover, the proposed measures conflicted with the confessional, reproductive morality which dominated the Netherlands at that time.
Impact of Transportation of Feedlot Cattle to the Harvest Facility on the Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Total Aerobic Microorganisms on Hides

Prevalences of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and total aerobic microorganisms were determined on the hides of beef feedlot cattle before and after transport from the feedyard to the harvest facility in clean and dirty trailers. Swab samples were taken from the midline and withers of 40 animals on each of 8 days before and after shipping. After samples were collected, animals were loaded in groups of 10 on upper and lower levels of clean and dirty trailers. Animals were unloaded at the harvest facility and kept in treatment groups for sample collection after exsanguination. Salmonella was found more often on hide swabs collected from the midline than on than samples collected from the withers from animals transported in both clean and dirty trailers. Salmonella was found on significantly more hide swabs collected at harvest from both sampling locations than on those collected at the feedyard, with no differences attributed to the type of trailer. At the feedyard, clean trucks had a lower percentage...
Is high spatial resolution DEM data necessary for mapping palustrine wetlands

ABSTRACTDigital elevation models (DEMs) have been found to be an effective data source for automated mapping of wetlands. However, it is unclear whether high spatial resolution DEMs, which tend to ...
Editorial Commentary: Meet Your Newest Tool in the Hip Labral Preservation Toolbox: Labral Augmentation.

Abstract Chondrolabral dysfunction in the hip is becoming increasingly recognized in clinical practice as a source of pain and dysfunction in young patients. In a short period of time, there have been substantial advances in the treatment of hip labral tears. Over the past 15 years, the field of hip medicine has rapidly moved from open labral resection to minimally invasive arthroscopic labral preservation techniques with repair and reconstruction. A new method of hip labral preservation, labral augmentation, provides the next advance in treating appropriately selected patients with chondrolabral dysfunction.
Evaluating regional resiliency of coastal wetlands to sea level rise through hypsometry-based modeling

Sea level rise (SLR) threatens coastal wetlands worldwide, yet the fate of individual wetlands will vary based on local topography, wetland morphology, sediment dynamics, hydrologic processes, and plant-mediated feedbacks. Local variability in these factors makes it difficult to predict SLR effects across wetlands or to develop a holistic regional perspective on SLR response for a diversity of wetland types. To improve regional predictions of SLR impacts to coastal wetlands, we developed a model that addresses the scale-dependent factors controlling SLR response and accommodates different levels of data availability. The model quantifies SLR-driven habitat conversion within wetlands across a region by predicting changes in individual wetland hypsometry. This standardized approach can be applied to all wetlands in a region regardless of data availability, making it ideal for modeling SLR response across a range of scales. Our model was applied to 105 wetlands in southern California that spanned a broad range of typology and data availability. Our findings suggest that if wetlands are confined to their current extents, the region will lose 12% of marsh habitats (vegetated marsh and unvegetated flats) with 0.6 m of SLR (projected for 2050) and 48% with 1.7 m of SLR (projected for 2100). Habitat conversion was more drastic in wetlands with larger proportions of marsh habitats relative to subtidal habitats and occurred more rapidly in small lagoons relative to larger sites. Our assessment can inform management of coastal wetland vulnerability, improve understanding of the SLR drivers relevant to individual wetlands, and highlight significant data gaps that impede SLR response modeling across spatial scales. This approach augments regional SLR assessments by considering spatial variability in SLR response drivers, addressing data gaps, and accommodating wetland diversity, which will provide greater insights into regional SLR response that are relevant to coastal management and restoration efforts.
10Be age constraints on latest Pleistocene and Holocene cirque glaciation across the western United States

Well-dated records of alpine glacier fluctuations provide important insights into the temporal and spatial structure of climate variability. Cirque moraine records from the western United States have historically been interpreted as a resurgence of alpine glaciation in the middle-to-late Holocene (i.e., Neoglaciation), but these moraines remain poorly dated because of limited numerical age constraints at most locations. Here we present 130 10Be ages on 19 moraines deposited by 14 cirque glaciers across this region that have been interpreted as recording these Neoglacial advances. Our 10Be chronology indicates instead that these moraines were deposited during the latest Pleistocene to earliest Holocene, with several as old as 14–15ka. Our results thus show that glaciers retreated from their Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) extent into cirques relatively early during the last deglaciation, experienced small fluctuations during the Bolling–Allerod–Younger Dryas interval, and remained within the maximum limit of the Little Ice Age (LIA) advance of the last several centuries throughout most of the Holocene. Climate modeling suggests that increasing local summer insolation and greenhouse gases were the primary controls on early glacier retreat from their LGM positions. We then infer that subsequent intrinsic climate variability and Younger Dryas cooling caused minor fluctuations during the latest Pleistocene, while the LIA advance represents the culmination of a cooling trend through the Holocene in response to decreasing boreal summer insolation. New dating of glacially-deposited rocks substantially revises our understanding of the waxing and waning of ice since the last glacial maximum. Glaciologists have long thought that moraines throughout the western United States represent ‘neoglacial’ advances about 6,000 years ago. Now, a multi-institution team led by Shaun Marcott at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has found — using cosmogenic isotopes — that these terminal deposits left by advancing glaciers are instead 9,000 to 15,000 years old. The research advances prior work by using absolute, not relative ages, and documents that glaciers retreated after the last glacial maximum ~ 21,000 years ago, fluctuated locally throughout much of the Holocene, and re-advanced during the Little Ice Age of a few hundred years ago. Glacial advances that might have occurred during the neoglacial were wiped away by the more extensive glaciations of the Little Ice Age.
Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout: A Replication Study with Victim Advocates

Past research has investigated the rates of compassion satisfaction (CS), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout within health-care providers. Findings indicate higher levels of CS and lower levels o...
Simple Automatic Post-editing for Arabic-Japanese Machine Translation

A common bottleneck for developing machine translation (MT) systems for some language pairs is the lack of direct parallel translation data sets, in general and in certain domains. Alternative solutions such as zero-shot models or pivoting techniques are successful in getting a strong baseline, but are often below the more supported language-pair systems. In this paper, we focus on Arabic-Japanese machine translation, a less studied language pair; and we work with a unique parallel corpus of Arabic news articles that were manually translated to Japanese. We use this parallel corpus to adapt a state-of-the-art domain/genre agnostic neural MT system via a simple automatic post-editing technique. Our results and detailed analysis suggest that this approach is quite viable for less supported language pairs in specific domains.
Innovating Career Development Through Technology via a Cognitive Information Processing Theory Lens

Today’s technologies offer a wide array of venues through which career development can be facilitated. Both traditional technologies such as computer-assisted career guidance programs and trendy technologies such as phone apps provide new ways to help with constructing one’s self-knowledge, learning about the world of work, fostering decision making skills, or managing dysfunctional career thinking. Social media has expanded the ways in which people learn about themselves and the world of work by actively connecting individuals with shared interests and passions. Opportunities to learn new skills are a video click away, as are free tests to identify one’s personality and “perfect” career options. While the quantity of online information and resources is overwhelming, often the quality of these resources is questionable. When individuals are relying on these sources to inform and ultimately make career/life decisions, career practitioners have an ethical and moral obligation to help them evaluate the robustness of these instruments and information sources. Cognitive Information Processing theory (Sampson et al. in Career counselling and services: a cognitive information processing approach. Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, 2004) identifies four essential elements for designing and constructing a satisfying career. In this chapter, we will be using these four elements as an organizational framework for describing how today’s technologies can be used in innovative ways to build competency in each of these areas. In addition, this chapter will address how career practitioners can help their clients navigate and evaluate the quality of online resources.
What are the risks to inpatients during hospital construction or renovation

Risks include mold infection, Legionnaires disease, sleep deprivation, exacerbation of lung disease, and physical injury.
Multi-Specialty Boot Camp: Enhancing Student Confidence in Residency Preparation.

A “boot camp” or senior preparatory course can help to bridge the gap between knowledge and skills attained in required clerkships and residency expectations. An under-researched area is in interventions across specialties and with student confidence as the outcome. A multi-specialty school-wide boot camp for 4th year medical students was evaluated with a curriculum that focused on specialty milestones and entrustable professional activities and the importance of student confidence as an outcome. A school-wide “boot camp” was developed to help 4th year students become ready for their matched specialty. Faculty resources were pooled to teach students from multiple specialties’ common milestone topics. Surveys were collected from 3 academic years (2014–2015 to 2016–2017): pre-boot camp (Pre), immediately post-boot camp (Post 1), and 3 months after starting residency (Post 2). Dependent t-tests were employed to determine pre-post differences. Over the 3-year study period, 185 students participated in boot camp, 162 (87.6%) completed the first 2 surveys, and 75 (40.5%) students provided data at all 3 points in time. With more robust findings between Pre and Post 1, students improved their confidence level in communicating with families and most specialty skills, and students felt more prepared to be an intern as a result of the boot camp. The robust increase in student confidence suggested that a multi-specialty, school-wide approach to a capstone curriculum should be considered by medical schools, which will not only benefit students but faculty as well. Future research should examine student competence in achieving specialty skills.
Household Food Insecurity, Breastfeeding, and Related Feeding Practices in US Infants and Toddlers: Results From NHANES 2009-2014.

Abstract Objective To examine the relationships among food insecurity, breastfeeding, and other related feeding practices by race/ethnicity among US infants and toddlers. Design National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009–2014, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Participants Infants and toddlers aged 0–24 months with complete data on household food security status (n = 2,069). Main Outcome Measures Initiation of breastfeeding (yes or no), duration of breastfeeding, and age of introduction to foods/drinks. Analysis Differences in feeding practices by food security status were tested in survey-weighted, stratified multiple regression models. Results Breastfeeding initiation rates among non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic blacks were estimated at 80.0%, 77.5%, and 57.4%, respectively (P Conclusions and Implications Racial/ethnic disparities existed, with non-Hispanic black infants at the highest risk for never being breastfed, nor to continue through the recommended period of breastfeeding. Food insecurity was not shown to affect breastfeeding and other infant feeding practices directly. Further investigation is needed to understand whether food insecurity, through stress and other sociostructural pathways, mediates poor infant feeding practices.
Angiographic characteristics and clinical analysis of central neurocytomas

Objective To analyze the angiographic characteristics of central neurocytomas and discuss their significance to surgical strategies.Method The angiographic characteristics of 27 cases of central neurocytoma were retrospectively analyzed.Their surgical procedures were reviewed and cerebral angiographies were thoroughly examined in arterial,capillary and venous phases.Results The degree of tumor - staining was related to the size of tumor.These tumors commonly received their blood supply from the medial and lateral posterior choroidal arteries.The enlarged ipsilateral thalamostriate veins were elevated upward and the ipsilateral internal cerebral veins were depressed downward in the lateral projection of the carotid angiography.The venous angle were irregularly widened.Conclusions Surgery should be the best strategy for central neurocytomas.The angiography should be listed as the essential examination so that the eloquent structure could be protected and the GTR rate is improved. Key words: Central nervous system neoplasms; Cerebral angiography; Microsurgery
Response to Comment on “Radiation Exposure Induces Inflammasome Pathway Activation in Immune Cells”

We agree with the comments on our article “Radiation Exposure Induces Inflammasome Pathway Activation in Immune Cells” ([1][1]) made by Inoue and Takahashi and thank them for their thoughtful comments. 1. [↵][2]1. Stoecklein V. M., 2. A. Osuka, 3. S. Ishikawa, 4. M. R.
The evolution of English prose, 1700-1800 : style, politeness, and print culture

Preface 1. The ordering of English 2. Literacy and politeness: the gentrification of English prose 3. Testing the model 4. Loose and periodic sentences 5. Lofty language and low 6. Nominal and oral styles: Johnson and Richardson 7. The new rhetoric of 1748-93 8. The instruments of literacy 9. Politeness feminisation 10. Style and rhetoric Epilogue - language change.
THE WAVE RESISTANCE OF SHIPS

Publisher Summary Waves follow a moving ship and the propagation of these waves is associated with the presence of a gravitational field. Water is endowed with viscosity, and anybody moving through a viscous fluid, experiences a resistance, partly because of tangentially acting stresses on the body, but partly also because boundary-layer growth, and separation, if it occurs, yield a resistance resulting from integrating normal components of the stress over the body. The frictional resistance will certainly depend upon the wave profile along the ship. On the other hand, the wave pattern itself is going to depend in some fashion upon the ship's boundary layer and wake. The effects of gravity and viscosity interact in essential ways. There seems to be no neat practicable definition of gravitational or wave resistance without introducing assumptions or approximations.
The Role of Sex Hormones in the Metabolism of Drugs and Other Foreign Compounds by Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

It has long been recognized that there is a sex difference in the duration of action of many drugs administered to intact animals. For example, after the administration of certain barbiturates to male and female rats, females sleep considerably longer than do males (1,2,3). A sex difference in the duration of hypnosis (sleeping time) has also been reported for certain strains of mice but, in contrast to rats, males sleep longer than do females (4,5). Examples of such sex differences in other animal species are rare.
Incentives for Discrimination when Upstream Monopolists Participate in Downstream Markets

A regulated upstream monopolist supplies an essential input to firms in a downstream market. If an upstream monopolist vertically integrates downstream, non-price discrimination becomes a concern. Discrimination always arises in equilibrium when the vertically integrated provider (VIP) is no less efficient than its rivals in the downstream market, but it does not always arise when the VIP is less efficient than its rivals. Numerical simulations that parameterize the regulator's ability to monitor discrimination in the case of long-distance telephone service in the U.S. reveal that pronounced efficiency differentials are required for the incentive to discriminate not to arise in equilibrium.
Implementing Motivational Interviewing: Lessons from Clinical Experiences.

Abstract Addiction treatment agencies face challenges in adopting and sustaining Motivational Interviewing (MI) use. Addiction Educators can assist agencies in changing practices by preparing new practitioners to have some beginning skills in adoption and sustaining strategies. Investigators assessed three types of agency training and six administrative activities to support adoption and sustaining MI. Investigators observed agency progress and recorded agency successes and challenges. Generally, education workshops alone did not result in long-term adoption and sustainability of MI. Agencies found external expert consultation, enhanced supervisor skills in coaching/mentoring MI use, case review of MI use and study groups effective in supporting MI use. The paper provides recommendations that addiction educators can integrate into their curriculum to build support for agencies in adopting and sustaining MI. The recommendations may also help agencies in their adoption of MI. Educators may find these same s...
Mandatory public reporting

Purpose – This paper aims to describe experience to date with mandatory public reporting of healthcare‐associated infection rates from a perspective inside one of the first and most advanced of the state programs, to help frame the research agenda of an interdisciplinary university faculty collaborative.Design/ methodology/ approach – The paper is a narrative review of personal experience.Findings – Key factors enabling program achievements include starting with a sufficient pilot phase, including strong provisions for audit and validation, a balance of viewpoints among advisors to the program, adoption of internationally respected data systems, and ability to sponsor improvement projects in reporting hospitals. Identified pitfalls and needs for more progress also must be addressed.Practical implications – Public health departments are in uncharted territory with this new area of activity, faced with fundamental knowledge gaps that potentially hamper chances of success. Perspectives explored in this part ...
1-(4-Aminophenyl)isoquinoline derivatives: Potent inhibitors of calcium-independent and calcium-dependent phosphodiesterases from rat cerebral cortex

Abstract The effects of a series of 1-(4-aminophenyl)isoquinoline derivatives on the activity of calcium-independent and calcium-dependent phosphodiesterases purified from rat cerebral cortex were examined. Agents were approximately equipotent ( ic 50 values, 0.2 to 25 μM) in inhibiting the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP, while they were 6–35 times more effective as inhibitors of cyclic AMP hydrolysis when compared to cyclic GMP hydrolysis using the calcium-independent enzyme. The diastereomers of 3-(carbomethoxy)propenamido demonstrated a marked difference in specificity. The cis-isomer was very potent in inhibiting cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP hydrolysis by either enzyme ( ic 50 values, 0.2 to 8 μM) while the trans-isomer was only effective in inhibiting calcium-independent cyclic AMP hydrolysis ( ic 50 values, 2.5 μM). Kinetic analyses of the type of inhibition of the calcium-dependent enzyme revealed that the various agents were competitive inhibitors of cyclic GMP hydrolysis and noncompetitive inhibitors of cyclic AMP hydrolysis. A reverse pattern of inhibition by the isoquinoline derivatives was found using the calcium-independent phosphodiesterase, i. e. noncompetitive inhibition of cyclic GMP while competitive inhibition of cyclic AMP. Inhibition of phosphodiesterases by these agents was also manifest using intact brain slices prepared from rat cerebral cortex. Thus, the agents were found to potentiate forskolin-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP by 100–700% and increased the half-time for the decline in cyclic AMP following forskolin stimulation from 3 to 6 min.
Little qualitative RNA misexpression in sterile male F1 hybrids of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis.

Background Although the genetics of hybrid sterility has been the subject of evolutionary studies for over sixty years, no one has shown the reason(s) why alleles that operate normally within species fail to function in another genetic background. Several lines of evidence suggest that failures in normal gene transcription contribute to hybrid dysfunctions, but genome-wide studies of gene expression in pure-species and hybrids have not been undertaken. Here, we study genome-wide patterns of expression in Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and their sterile F1 hybrid males using differential display.