cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of the CA3 Hippocampal Subregion in Spatial Memory: A Process Oriented Behavioral Assessment

Computational models, behavioral data, and electrophysiological data suggest that the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus may support multiple mnemonic processes critical to the formation and subsequent retrieval of spatial memories. Multiple researchers have proposed that the CA3 subregion contains an autoassociative network in which synaptic connections between CA3 neurons that represent different components of a memory are strengthened via recurrent collateral connections. As a result, it has been suggested that the CA3 autoassociative network may support multiple processes including the formation of spatial arbitrary associations, temporary maintenance of spatial working memory, and spatial pattern completion. In addition, the CA3 subregion has been suggested to be involved in spatial pattern separation. The separation of patterns is hypothesized to be accomplished based on the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossy-fiber input synapses from a similar subset of dentate gyrus cells. The separation of patterns also may be enhanced by competitive inhibition within CA3 and dentate gyrus. This review will focus on the mnemonic processes supported by CA3 neurons and how these processes may facilitate the encoding and retrieval of spatial information. Although there is growing evidence indicating that the hippocampus plays a role in the processing of nonspatial information as well, the scope of the present review will focus on the role of the CA3 subregion in spatial memory.
Collaboration as a Form of Professional Development: Improving Learning for Faculty and Students

One form of professional development available to faculty is the opportunity to co-teach. Studies of team teaching report increased communication between teachers and students and improved retention and achievement. This article describes a multiyear collaboration between two faculty members that began with a training relationship and expanded into co-teaching. From this experience, the authors widened their knowledge of resources, added to their teaching repertoire, and created new projects and assignments. The co-teaching relationship led to examination of processes and outcomes of their teaching and co-writing. Over time, this professional experience has grown into an exchange of roles and responsibilities. Although this collaboration did not begin as a scholarship endeavor, it has become a long-lasting one built on trust and mutual interest.
A severe, stable obstructive defect in the airways in primary pulmonary histiocytosis X.

An adult with biopsy-proven primary pulmonary histiocytosis X was followed-up over a period of 8½ years. A severe obstructive defect was manifested by severely reduced rates of flow, a fall in the forced vital capacity from 2.6 L to 1.4 L, and a total lung capacity greater than 100 percent of the predicted normal value on three occasions. The patient has survived two episodes of respiratory failure. Her severe interstitial process may explain the development of obstruction of the airways.
Large Electric-Arc Furnaces-- Performance and Power Supply

In March l940, a 25-ton Heroult 3-phase electric arc furnace using a 10,000-kva 1.5 volts (115-volt base) for the 66-kv system with fluctuations from 3 per hour up to 15 per minute. Precautions were taken in the design of the furnace transformer to include separate reactance to reduce the load swings. Subsequently, it was found that this additional reactance was not eneded and it was removed, thereby improving the operation of the furnace. The load swings and accompaning voltage changes, after disconnecting the reactance, due to the operation of the first furnace, slightly exceeded the Duquesne Light Company standards. However, no complaints have been received from adjacent customers nor have any difficulties arisen from excessive operation of 4-kv distribution regulators, operation of the power stations, or interconnections.
Anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in mixtures containing cadmium by two physiologically distinct microbial enrichment cultures.

Anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP), in mixtures containing cadmium (Cd), by sulfidogenic (SRB) and methanogenic (MET) enrichment cultures, was studied. Removal of 91–93% of PCP occurred in both SRB- and MET-enriched cultures, in the absence of Cd, within 82 days. The presence of soluble Cd initially decreased the rate of PCP removal by the enrichment cultures, but PCP removal rates improved as the Cd precipitated. GC-MS, 14C-PCP, and 13C-PCP studies confirmed mineralization of PCP by both enrichment cultures, as well as the incorporation of PCP carbon into specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of the cell membranes of PCP-degrading anaerobes. This is the first report on anaerobic biodegradation of PCP by SRB- and MET-enriched cultures in the presence, with simultaneous precipitation, of the toxic heavy metal Cd, and of the incorporation of PCP carbons into specific PLFAs of the anaerobic bacterial cells. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 11–17.
Textures of global change: eroding ecologies of childhood in New York and Sudan

This paper explores systematic disruptions of social reproduction, the ways children do not receive the knowledge and skills necessary for the world in which they will come of age, in two sites deeply affected by global economic restructuring and en vironmental change, rural Sudan and New York City. The paper calls for rethinking of debates about the nature of global change, from a perspective that emphasizes children's conditions, experiences, understandings and futures. A notion of diverse and interconnected ecologies of childhood, as both constellations of ideas and sets of material circumstances that frame locally specific and globally inflected relations between children and the environment, allows us to begin to theorize various "ero sions" of children's worlds, as well as to develop a child-focused perspective of sus tainable development.
Physical Properties and Membrane Packing in Hybrid Archaeosomes

In this study, we have characterized the physical properties of liposomes made of archaeal bipolar tetraether lipids (BTL) and “conventional” monopolar diester lipids (termed as hybrid archaeosomes). We used the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius as the BTL component of the hybrid archaeosomes. Hybrid archaeosomes were made by extrusion with the particle size ranging from 100-300 nm. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements showed that the presence of PLFE greatly stabilizes liposomes. The steady-state polarization of DPH fluorescence in PLFE/PC mixtures decreases with increasing temperature (18-56oC) in a molar ratio dependent manner. At low temperatures, hybrid archaeosomes have membrane packing, as inferred from DPH polarization, similar to that in gel state of disaturated PC bilayers. At the high temperature end, membrane packing of the hybrid archaeosomes is significantly tighter than that of PC fluid state. A similar conclusion can be drawn from the studies using Laurdan's generalized polarization. Additionally, due to tight membrane packing, drug release from hybrid archaeosome is much slower than from liposomes composed of only diester lipids. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that these hybrid archaeosomes can be taken up by live cells (e.g., MCF-7 breast cancer cells) and deliver entrapped drug molecules to the cell's nucleus, but with a rate significantly lower than that obtained from conventional diester liposomes.
Q Fever Community-Acquired Pneumonia in a Patient With Crohn’s Disease on Immunosuppressive Therapy

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may be caused by typical or atypical pathogens. The three most common zoonotic atypical pathogens are Chlamydophila psittaci (psittacosis), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and Coxiella burnetii (Q fever). Atypical CAPs are suggested by a distinctive pattern of extrapulmonary organ involvement. Zoonotic CAP may be differentiated from nonzoonotic CAP (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionnaire's disease) by a recent zoonotic vector contact history. Zoonotic atypical CAP occurs sporadically, but not randomly, and require close association with the appropriate zoonotic vector to transmit the infection. CAP accompanied by the extrapulmonary finding of splenomegaly in a normal host limits differential diagnostic possibilities to Q fever and psittacosis. Splenomegaly does not occur with other typical or atypical CAP. Another common extrapulmonary finding occurs with some atypical pneumonias, that is, Q fever, psittacosis, and Legionnaire's disease is early mild/transient elevations of serum transaminases indicative of (hepatic) extrapulmonary organ involvement. The case presented is a middle-aged man with longstanding Crohn's disease who was further immunosuppressed by chronic prednisone therapy. The patient presented with CAP and extrapulmonary findings, that is, splenomegaly and increased serum transaminases. He denied recent contact with birds or animals. Because Crohn's disease and Q fever CAP may be accompanied by splenomegaly, the cause of his splenomegaly was a diagnostic dilemma. The patient was treated with levofloxacin. Serologic tests for atypical pathogens (Q fever, psittacosis, Legionnaire's disease, C. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae) were ordered. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology for Q fever was positive with elevated acute immunoglobulin-M (phase II) titers. Re-questioning of the patient revealed a recent exposure to a neighbor's parturient cat, providing the necessary zoonotic vector contact history for Q fever. The patient responded to levofloxacin, which resulted in resolution of the patient's symptoms, right lower lobe pneumonia, and splenomegaly. Because a prior abdominal computed tomography scan indicated no splenomegaly and his splenomegaly resolved with antimicrobial therapy, the splenomegaly was related to Q fever CAP.
The athletic coping skills inventory: relationship with impression management and self-deception aspects of socially desirable responding.

Abstract Objectives: The primary objective was to document the relationship between the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) indices of impression management (IM) and self-deception (SDE) response styles and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) subscales. It was hypothesized that the ACSI-28 subscales would be significantly related to BIDR IM and SDE. Design: Cross-sectional. The relationship between ACSI-28 subscales and the BIDR was assessed using SAS Multiple Regression Analyses procedures. A combination of IM and SDE served as predictors of the ACSI-28 subscale outcome variables. Method: Undergraduate volunteers (n=468) completed a test booklet consisting of the BIDR and the ACSI-28. Results: The ACSI-28 was found to be relatively free of the more traditional IM response bias, however all ACSI-28 subscales were strongly affected by SDE bias. Conclusions: Additional studies are needed to determine whether self-deceptive responding is a source of psychometric confounding or is perhaps an adaptive psychological coping skill. It is suggested that both the IM and SDE constructs be considered in the design of sport psychology research involving self-report measures.
Absence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) from catecholaminergic neurons.

6-Hydroxy-dopamine was administered into the third ventricle of adult male rats. After 2 successive 250 μg doses of 6-OH-dopamine, the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the median eminence and arcuate nucleus fell to 15–20% of the control value. The amount of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) in these same hypothalamic areas, however, was unchanged. It is concluded that LH-RH containing cells are distinct from catecholaminergic neurons. (Endocrinology 96: 523, 1975)
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment of Brown Rice at Different Temperatures on Cooking Properties and Quality

ABSTRACT This research studied developing quick cooking brown rice by investigating the effect of ultrasonic treatment at different temperatures on cooking time and quality. The medium grain brown rice was ultrasonically treated in water at temperatures of 25, 40, and 55°C for 30 min and then dried by air at 25°C to its initial moisture content (11.0 ± 0.6%, wb) before cooking. The microstructure of rice kernel surface, chemical composition, and optimal cooking time of treated brown rice were determined. The pasting and thermal properties and chemical structure of flour and starch from treated brown rice were also examined. The results showed that the optimal cooking times were 37, 35, and 33 min after treatment at 25, 40, and 55°C, respectively, compared to the control of 39.6 min. The ultrasonic treatment resulted in a loss in natural morphology of rice bran, allowing water to be absorbed by a rice kernel easily, particularly at high-temperature treatment. Even through rice flour still maintained an A-p...
The Impact of Industrial Decision-making upon the Soviet Urban Hierarchy

Despite official policies aimed at restraining large-city growth, the urban population of the USSR is becoming increasingly concentrated in such cities. The various growth control measures instituted by the government are reviewed and the relative ineffectiveness of such policies investigated in terms of the continued preference for industrial investment in the larger urban centres. A final section attempts to isolate the Soviet-specific factors that explain such investment preferences; five categories of factors are presented in this explanatory framework.
Changes in biochemical components during the germination of spores of Penicillium roqueforti.

Germination of spores of Penicillium roqueforti consisted of three stages, i.e. swelling, germ-tube emergence and hyphal elongation which occurred at 4, 12 and 16 h respectively after initiation of incubation of resting spores in the germination medium. The swelling phase represents the period during which the germinating spore assembled required synthetic enzymes though there was only a small increase in dry weight (2 mg h−1 per 109 spores). Nuclear division occurred since DNA multiplied rapidly during spore swelling. The percentages of RNA and proteins reached their maxima at the end of this period. The unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. linoleic and linolenic acids, were synthesised. Germ-tube emergence represented a transition phase during which growth was moderate (at a rate of 9 mg h−1 per 109 spores) as compared to hyphal elongation phase (34 mg h−1 per 109 spores). The percentage of RNA, proteins and carbohydrates decreased. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acids was highest at the middle of this period and then declined. The hyphal elongation phase represented a period of rapid growth. The relative contents of proteins and DNA remained constant while the percentage of carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids increased, reflecting the proliferation of cellular and membrane materials.
Activation of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors Suppresses C-Fiber Responses and Windup in Spinal Wide Dynamic Range Neurons in the Absence and Presence of Inflammation

Effects of the CB2-selective cannabinoid agonist AM1241 on activity evoked in spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons by transcutaneous electrical stimulation were evaluated in urethane-anesthetize...
Revisiting Spherical Trigonometry with Orthogonal Projectors

Sudipto Banerjee (sudiptob@biostat.umn.edu) received his B.S. in Statistics from the University of Calcutta, India, an M.Stat. from the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, and then his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut, Storrs. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, where his research interests include spatial statistics and modelling. When not dabbling in mathematics, he enjoys dining out on exotic cuisine and spending time with his wife.
Geometrical basis set for molecular computations

Abstract To simplify the computation of many center two-electron integrals in large molecules a new type of basis set - called geometrical - is proposed. Its flexibility is tested for atoms from Z = 1 to 38 and for positive and negative ions. This basis is designed mainly for improving large-molecule computations but we have tested it with an accuracte computation for H2O.
Developing Aspergillus as a host for heterologous expression

Filamentous fungi have long been used for production of a range of valuable products; with the advent of molecular biology, it became apparent that these fungi possess considerable potential as expression hosts for the production of heterologous proteins and small molecules. Aspergillus is an important genus, including well known species of economically significant molds, and widely used for basic genetic research. The development of a genetic engineering "toolkit" for Aspergillus, such as those existing for the simpler yeasts and bacteria, was delayed due to the added complexity of the filamentous fungi, and also to the lesser resources devoted to their study. History of the development of Aspergillus as an expression host, current state of the art and future directions are reviewed, touching on related research in other fungi when discussing the areas of greatest potential for future biotechnological applications, focusing on the large and diverse families of fungal secondary metabolites.
Present status and future of theoretical work on point defects and diffusion in semiconductors

A brief description of the theoretical methods commonly used to investigate point defects and diffusion is given. The current status of theoretical understanding of hydrogen diffusion in silicon, self-diffusion in silicon, and Hg and Cd diffusion in HgCdTe is described, as examples of systems where a basically coherent picture has been achieved, where the many theoretical contributions have not succeeded in resolving a fundamental controversy, and where theoretical work is only in its initial stages. Several exciting new directions which promise expanded theoretical capabilities in the future are indicated.
First-order wetting transition in d=2 systems with short-range interactions: Exact solution.

Introduction of two defect lines, one near a wall and another at a distance L, in the d=2 Ising model, results in a rounded first-order wetting transition which becomes sharp as L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. All the thermodynamic properties of this transition can be evaluated exactly. Predictions on the finite-size rounding of first-order transitions are verified and confirmed explicitly.
Temporal Expression Patterns of Alpha-amylase Isozymal Genes in Polysomal and Total RNAs of Germinating Barleys

Abstract Analyses of alpha -amylase gene expression have focused mainly upon the gibberellin-treated isolated aleurone system. In order to determine how the alpha -amylase isozymes are synthesized in the intact system, high and low pI alpha -amylase transcripts were analyzed in total RNA and polysomal (polyribosomal) messenger RNA from seedlings of the Morex and Himalaya cultivars. Two growing conditions, malting and germination on paper, were compared. Unlike isolated aleurone systems, where high and low pI mRNA levels are roughly equal, the intact seedlings had five- to 10-fold more high pI mRNA than low pI mRNA. This corresponded to the differences in high and low pI enzyme activities observed on isoelectric focusing gels. Both the high and low pI and mRNAs had similar temporal accumulation patterns when analyzed in the total RNA population, but distinctly different patterns were observed in polysomal mRNA. Hihg pI mRNA increased rapidly, reached a peak in 4 to 5 days after the initiation of imbibition, and then declined. Low pI mRNA increased slowly but progressively for at least 6 days. Surprisingly, when gene expression in total RNA reached a peak for either isozymal RNA, only 2·1 to 3·9% of the RNA was bound to polysomes. Gene expression reflected in total RNA from paper-germinated seeds was similar to that in malted seeds, except that peaks in expression occurred 1 day earlier, and the high pI/low pI RNA ratio was lower.
3D Reconstruction from Accidental Motion

We have discovered that 3D reconstruction can be achieved from asingle still photographic capture due to accidental motions of thephotographer, even while attempting to hold the camera still. Although these motions result in little baseline and therefore high depth uncertainty, in theory, we can combine many such measurements over the duration of the capture process (a few seconds) to achieve usable depth estimates. Wepresent a novel 3D reconstruction system tailored for this problemthat produces depth maps from short video sequences from standard cameraswithout the need for multi-lens optics, active sensors, or intentionalmotions by the photographer. This result leads to the possibilitythat depth maps of sufficient quality for RGB-D photography applications likeperspective change, simulated aperture, and object segmentation, cancome "for free" for a significant fraction of still photographsunder reasonable conditions.
Classical limit of mechanical thermal noise reduction by feedback.

The classical theory of thermal noise of mechanical systems and the effects of feedback is reinvestigated. Previous developments which set a limit to the noise reduction by feedback when a given measuring time is assumed have ignored the situation where the system is acting as an unchanging mechanical reference. A precision rotor clock is one such system. The present work uses the galvanometer as the general model and includes this situation. It explicates the nature of the limit when it exists by treating it without assuming any particular measuring optimization method.
Utility of Zeolitic Medium in Photo-Fries and Photo-Claisen Rearrangements#

Control of chemical reactions through the medium has been an age-old technique. While the earlier approaches have relied on the bulk properties of the solvent such as polarity, viscosity etc., current studies have focussed on the use of microenvironmental features of the medium. A large number of media have been explored in this context. In this study zeolites have been explored as media for photoreactions. Photo-Fries and photo-Claisen rearrangments have been used as examples to illustrate the utility of zeolites as media for photoreactions.
Laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition of device-quality GaAs

Selective area epitaxial growth of gallium arsenide by laser assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) offers a promising approach to in situ device fabrication and integration. By scanning a focussed Ar ion laser beam across a thermally biased substrate in the presence of arsine and an organometallic source, GaAs is selectively deposited only on areas of the substrate exposed to the laser beam at substrate temperatures in the range of 300 - 400 degree(s)C. Laser assisted chemical vapor deposition of undoped and n-type doped device quality GaAs has been demonstrated. The laser-grown undoped GaAs films are highly resistive and exhibit 77 degree(s)K PL spectra with FWHMs of < 10 meV. N-type GaAs, using silane as a dopant source, has been deposited having controllable carrier concentrations ranging from 1 (DOT) 1017 - 7 (DOT) 1018 cm-3 and room temperature mobilities between 600 - 5100 cm2/V(DOT)sec. GaAs MESFET structures have been selectively deposited using the LCVD growth technique. These devices have performance characteristics comparable to devices of similar dimensions grown by conventional techniques.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Management Theory Jungle

Focuses on the varying approaches to management theory by discussing major schools of management theory. Management process school; Empirical school; Human behavior school; Social system school; Decision theory school; Mathematical school.
Staphylococcus-Infected Tunneled Dialysis Catheters: Is Over-the-Wire Exchange an Appropriate Management Option?

Over-the-wire exchange of tunneled dialysis catheters is the standard of care per K/DOQI guidelines for treating catheter-related bacteremia. However, Gram-positive bacteremia, specifically with staphylococcus species, may compromise over-the-wire exchange due to certain biological properties. This study addressed the effectiveness of over-the-wire exchange of staphylococcus-infected tunneled dialysis catheters compared with non-staphylococcus-infected tunneled dialysis catheters. Patients who received over-the-wire exchange of their tunneled dialysis catheter due to documented or suspected bacteremia were identified from a QA database. Study patients (n = 61) had positive cultures for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or coagulase-negative staphylococcus not otherwise specified. Control patients (n = 35) received over-the-wire exchange of their tunneled dialysis catheter due to infection with any organism besides staphylococcus. Overall catheter survival and catheter survival among staphylococcal species were assessed. There was no difference in tunneled dialysis catheter survival between study and control groups (P = 0.46). Median survival time was 96 days for study catheters and 51 days for controls; survival curves were closely superimposed. There also was no difference among the three staphylococcal groups in terms of catheter survival (P = 0.31). The median time until catheter removal was 143 days for SE, 67 days for CNS, and 88 days for SA-infected catheters. There is no significant difference in tunneled dialysis catheter survival between over-the-wire exchange of staphylococcus-infected tunneled dialysis catheters and those infected with other organisms.
Broiler Pigmentation Potency of Neoxanthin and Violaxanthin Relative to Lutein

Abstract THE xanthophylls from dehydrated alfalfa meal as measured by the new Western Regional Research Laboratory (W.R.R.L.) analytical procedure include lutein, zeazanthin, cryptoxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, carotenoid oxidation products, and various cis isomers of these (Kohler et al., 1967). Lutein, zeaxanthin, and cryptoxanthin have been reported to be good skin pigmenters while indications are the polyoxycarotenoids are relatively poor skin pigmenters (Quackenbush et al., 1965; Kuzmicky et al., 1968). Violaxanthin has been reported to be ineffective as a yolk pigmenter (Marusich et al., 1960). However, the effectiveness of violaxanthin and neoxanthin as skin pigmenters has not been established. This study was undertaken to determine the relative skin pigmentation potency (R.S.P.P.) of pure all-trans neoxanthin and all-trans violaxanthin relative to pure all-trans lutein. GENERAL PROCEDURE 1 For the two experiments conducted in this study, day-old Cornish-White Rock type cross-bred cockerels (Kimber) were depleted of pigment on a 22% protein soy-starch ration (Table 1) for…
Budgeting According to Wildavsky: A Bibliographic Essay

Aaron Wildavsky had an amazingly broad set of interests in social science and public policy as indicated in other articles in this symposium. A perusal of a recent curriculum vita reveals that he wrote or coauthored thirty books with several forthcoming, 186 articles and book chapters at latest count, and some additional papers awaiting publication. The topics covered in this vast oeuvre of books and articles, in unpublished casual papers, and in newspaper and magazine articles too numerous to count, reveal the incredible spectrum of his curiosity and knowledge. His work encompasses budgeting and fiscal policy (domestic and international), political culture, community power and leadership, risk analysis and safety, environmental policy, the American presidency, presidential elections, American diplomacy, U.S. oil and gas policy, the art and craft of policy analysis, policy implt1mentation, how to conduct research, how to read and write, academic collaboration, development and evolution of the social sci~nces, political and religious philosophy, Moses and Joseph as leaders and administrators, the politics of religion, the experience of his father as a youth in Poland, academic leadership and administration, communism and morality, the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation, and more ... much more. To say that Aaron was a profound thinker and prolific writer runs the risk of understatement. Of this large body of material, Wildavsky wrote and coauthored nine books and forty articles and book chapters on budgeting and fiscal policy. It is this work that is reviewed selectively here. A bibliography of Wildavsky's work on budgeting and fiscal policy is provided at the conclusion of this essay. Any attempt to survey the
Effect of the nature of the hydrophobic oil phase and surfactant in the formation of concentrated emulsions

Abstract There exists a maximum amount of dispersed phase which can be incorporated into a concentrated emulsion. The experiments have been carried out with a large number of organic molecules as either the dispersed or the continuous phase and with water as the other phase, using several surfactants as dispersants. The maximum volume ratio between the dispersed and continuous phases ranged from 10 to 420, depending upon the natures of the organic molecule and surfactant. Generally, it was found, for both O W and W O systems, that the maximum volume ratio increases as the interfacial free energy, γwo, between the organic compound and water in the absence of surfactant increases. The aromatic and halogenated molecules exhibited deviations from this rule, when nonionic surfactants with polyoxyethylene head groups were employed, because of their interactions with the head groups of the surfactants. For ionic surfactants in O W systems, it was found that the curve of maximum volume ratio against γwo passes through a maximum at relatively large values of γwo. A possible explanation is suggested for this observation. For O W concentrated emulsions and two surfactants, one ionic and the other nonionic, experiments have been performed regarding the dependence of the maximum volume ratio upon the concentration of the surfactant. For the ionic surfactant, the curve exhibits saturation, while for the nonionic surfactant, it presents a maximum.
Rectal bleeding, deep venous thrombosis, and coagulopathy in a patient with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare noninheritable congenital disorder comprising vascular malformations that predispose patients to a paradoxical condition where bleeding occurs in a hypercoagulable state. A 16-year-old boy with a complicated lifetime course of KTS presented with massive rectal bleeding. He underwent a partial colectomy, endorectal resection, and splenectomy. Postoperatively, he developed a saddle pulmonary embolus, ultimately requiring placement of an inferior vena cava filter. He eventually did well and has since had his diverting ostomy reversed and resumed his usual activities. This report validates the use of endorectal resection for venous malformation of the rectum in patients with KTS and highlights the difficult balance of controlling bleeding by correction of a consumptive coagulopathy and the increased risk of thromboembolic complications.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical presentation.

THE INTRODUCTION of mechanical ventilation in the management of the newborn with respiratory failure has improved the survival of these patients, but it has also increased the incidence of complications associated with this mode of treatment. One of these complications is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a residual chronic lung disease first described by Northway, R0san, and Porter in 1967.1 Numerous reports have been published subsequently on the subject, but little progress has been made to determine the exact incidence, the pathogenesis, or the best management of this condition.
Monte Carlo Green's function formalism for the propagation of partially coherent light

We present a Monte Carlo-derived Green's function for the propagation of partially spatially coherent fields. This Green's function, which is derived by sampling Huygens-Fresnel wavelets, can be used to propagate fields through an optical system and to compute first- and second-order field statistics directly. The concept is illustrated for a cylindrical f/1 imaging system. A Gaussian copula is used to synthesize realizations of a Gaussian Schell-model field in the pupil plane. Physical optics and Monte Carlo predictions are made for the first- and second-order statistics of the field in the vicinity of the focal plane for a variety of source coherence conditions. Excellent agreement between the physical optics and Monte Carlo predictions is demonstrated in all cases. This formalism can be generally employed to treat the interaction of partially coherent fields with diffracting structures.
Surface seismic measurements of near-surface P- and S-wave seismic velocities at earthquake recording stations, Seattle, Washington

Abstract We measured P‐ and S‐wave seismic velocities to about 40‐m depth using seismic‐refraction/reflection data on the ground surface at 13 sites in the Seattle, Washington, urban area, where portable digital seismographs recently recorded earthquakes. Sites with the lowest measured Vs correlate with highest ground motion amplification. These sites, such as at Harbor Island and in the Duwamish River industrial area (DRIA) south of the Kingdome, have an average Vs in the upper 30 m ( V¯s30) of 150 to 170 m/s. These values of V¯s30 place these sites in soil profile type E ( V¯s30 < 180 m/s). A “rock” site, located at Seward Park on Tertiary sedimentary deposits, has a V¯s30 of 433 m/s, which is soil type C ( V¯s30: 360 to 760 m/s). The Seward Park site V¯s30 is about equal to, or up to 200 m/s slower than sites that were located on till or glacial outwash. High‐amplitude P‐ and S‐wave seismic reflections at several locations appear to correspond to strong resonances observed in earthquake spectra. An S‐w...
Comparison of a Novel, Rapid Chromogenic Biochemical Assay, the Carba NP Test, with the Modified Hodge Test for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli

We compared carbapenemase detection among 271 Gram-negative bacilli (of which 131 were carbapenemase producers) using a novel chromogenic rapid test--the Carba NP test (CNP)--and the modified Hodge test (MHT). Sensitivities were comparable (CNP, 100%, versus MHT, 98%; P = 0.08), but CNP was more specific (100% versus 80%; P < 0.0001) and faster.
Exploiting style in architectural design environments

As the design of software architectures emerges as a discipline within software engineering, it will become increasingly important to support architectural description and analysis with tools and environments. In this paper we describe a system for developing architectural design environments that exploit architectural styles to guide software architects in producing specific systems. The primary contributions of this research are: (a) a generic object model for representing architectural designs; (b) the characterization of architectural styles as specializations of this object model; and (c) a toolkit for creating an open architectural design environment from a description of a specific architectural style. We use our experience in implementing these concepts to illustrate how style-oriented architectural design raises new challenges for software support environments.
Specification theory, patterns, and models in information systems domains: an exploratory investigation

Application and project domain specifications are an important aspect of Information Systems (IS) development. Observations of over thirty IS projects suggest dimly perceived structural patterns in specifications that are unaccounted for in research and practice. This investigation utilizes a theory building with case studies methodology to elucidate some of these patterns. As prerequisites to pattern identification, this investigation identified a theoretically and empirically grounded static model of specification that establishes specification context and structure and a theoretically and empirically grounded dynamic model of specification that establishes the principles of specification emergence and evolution. Using these models as a foundation, this investigation synthesized a specification pattern model from four research disciplines and confirmed the specification pattern model for physical objects in case data. An additional specification pattern model for physical actions was also identified in the case data. The confirmation process found that the physical object and action models could not be extended to abstract informational objects or actions. The findings of this investigation answer a call for research of the application domain, advance understanding of IS requirements inadequacy and volatility, advance ontological research to include a mechanism to integrate static and dynamic dimensions, and provides avenues of study to improve understanding of the structure and dynamics governing stakeholder collaboration. In addition, this investigation suggests criteria to judge, as well as theories, models, and patterns for, a class of IS that is persistently adaptive.
Measuring the costs of alternative reproductive tactics in horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus

Trade-offs are inherent to alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), and identifying the costs and benefits of tactics is essential to understanding their evolution and maintenance within a population. Male horseshoe crabs exhibit two condition-dependent ARTs: males that are in better condition arrive on spawning beaches attached to a female, while males in poorer condition join spawning pairs as satellites and engage in sperm competition. Previous research has identified several benefits to the attached tactic, but the costs are less well understood. We examined a previously uninvestigated potential cost to the attached male tactic: nutritional stress caused by a restricted ability to feed. We found that field-caught attached males produced 57% less faeces in a 12 h period than satellite males, and had 2.5 times emptier digestive tracts than satellite males. We further examined this cost using stable isotopes because nutritionally stressed animals are predicted to have higher δ15N levels. We found that field-caught attached males had higher δ15N values than satellite males. However, higher δ15N values could result from nutritional stress or from feeding on higher trophic levels. We tested this experimentally and found that starved animals had higher post-treatment δ15N values compared to animals that were fed. Furthermore, the digestive tracts of field-caught attached males contained three times more sea grass (lower tropic levels have lower δ15N values) than satellite males. These findings mean that the higher δ15N values of field-caught attached males likely result from fasting rather than differences in diet. Taken together, our results indicate that a period of nutritional stress caused by reduced food consumption is a novel cost of the attached tactic. This study provides a key piece of information to explain why ARTs in horseshoe crabs take the form they do and provides a novel method for studying costs associated with ARTs in other species.
Microstrip patch antenna array for a scalable X-band radar system

The enhancement of situational awareness at the unit level is critical for ensuring optimal security and battlefield performance for the warfighter. Most state-of-the-art military radar systems are too large and high-cost to be available to each individual unit or to high-volume fleets of small unmanned vehicles and sensors. In an effort to improve situational awareness at the unit level, research and development is underway to demonstrate a scalable radar system of appropriate size, weight and power (SWAP) for persistent surveillance. The scalability of the technology will facilitate the development of a suite of radars for a variety of applications and platforms, including unattended ground sensors (UGS), unmanned systems, and man-portable sensors.
Imbalance in Sex Hormone Levels Exacerbates Diabetic Renal Disease

Studies suggest that the presence of testosterone exacerbates, whereas the absence of testosterone attenuates, the development of nondiabetic renal disease. However, the effects of the absence of testosterone in diabetic renal disease have not been studied. The study was performed in male Sprague-Dawley nondiabetic, streptozotocin-induced diabetic, and streptozotocin-induced castrated rats (n=10 to 11 per group) for 14 weeks. Diabetes was associated with the following increases: 3.2-fold in urine albumin excretion, 6.3-fold in glomerulosclerosis, 6.0-fold in tubulointerstitial fibrosis, 1.6-fold in collagen type I, 1.2-fold in collagen type IV, 1.3-fold in transforming growth factor-β protein expression, and 32.7-fold in CD68-positive cell abundance. Diabetes was also associated with a 1.3-fold decrease in matrix metalloproteinase protein expression and activity. Castration further exacerbated all of these parameters. Diabetes was also associated with a 4.7-fold decrease in plasma testosterone, 2.9-fold increase in estradiol, and 2.1-fold decrease in plasma progesterone levels. Castration further decreased plasma testosterone levels but had no additional effects on plasma estradiol and progesterone. These data suggest that diabetes is associated with abnormal sex hormone levels that correlate with the progression of diabetic renal disease. Most importantly, our results suggest an important role for sex hormones in the pathophysiology of diabetic renal complications.
Novel effector molecules in type 2 inflammation: lessons drawn from helminth infection and allergy.

Type 2 cytokine-induced inflammatory responses are critical components of the mucosal immune response required for host defense against helminth infection and are also responsible for the pathogenesis of many debilitating diseases including asthma, allergy, and forms of inflammatory bowel disease.
Avalanche Injection and Lock-On in Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches

Optically-triggered, high-power photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS's) composed of semi-insulating GaAs carry current in high carrier-density filaments after the optical trigger is discontinued. This highly conductive mode of operation is called lock-on. The properties of these filaments can be explained by collective impact ionization theory in which energy redistribution by carrier-carrier scattering within the filament enhances the impact ionization rate. This allows these filaments to be sustained by fields which are relatively low compared to the bulk breakdown fields. For GaAs, the sustaining lock-on field is approximately 4.5 kV/cm. For this talk, a hydrodynamic implementation of the collective impact ionization theory is used to compute the temporal evolution of these filaments following optical triggering. These continuum calculations are based on previous calculations in which the steady-state properties of filaments are computed using a Monte Carlo method to solve the Boltzmann equation. The same method will be used to calculated avalanche injection effects in a GaAs avalanche photodiode. The two modes of operation, lock-on and avalanche, will be compared and contrasted. In addition, the effects of carrier recombination at defects will also be discussed.
Population models with Allee effect: a new model

In this paper, we develop several population models with Allee effects. We start by defining the Allee effect as a phenomenon in which individual fitness increases with increasing density. Based on this biological assumption, we develop several fitness functions that produce corresponding models with Allee effects. In particular, a rational fitness function yields a new mathematical model, which is the focus of our study. Then we study the dynamics of 2-periodic systems with Allee effects and show the existence of an asymptotically stable 2-periodic carrying capacity.
Visualizing nerve cells

We have developed a comprehensive volume visualization system called VolVis. VolVis is a general-purpose system of potential use in any field that needs to visualize 3D sampled, computed, or modeled data. However, in this paper we concentrate on applying VolVis visualization capabilities to neurobiology, specifically to visualizing cellular structure, calcium, and multiple labels. >
Ubiquitous low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity in the northern Rocky Mountains

Receiver functions from three 30-station IRIS-PASSCAL small-aperture arrays (2–15 km station spacing) operated for 10 months each in the northern Rocky Mountains show a ubiquitous negative polarity P to S conversion just preceding the 410-km discontinuity arrival. Data from the three arrays were sorted into NW, SE, and SW back-azimuth quadrants and stacked to form nine quadrant stacks. Remarkably, the negative polarity arrival (NPA) is apparent in 8 of the 9 quadrant stacks, with 7 of the 8 having well-correlated waveforms. Each quadrant stack also contains clear P to S conversions from the 410- and 660-km discontinuities. Moveout analysis shows that all the major phases display the correct moveout for forward scattered P-S phases. The waveshapes for the seven similar NPA-410 km discontinuity arrivals are modeled with a five-parameter “double gradient slab” model that is parameterized as follows: a top gradient thickness and shear velocity decrease; a constant velocity layer; bottom gradient thickness; and shear velocity increase. Model misfit is assessed via a grid search over the model space using a reflectivity code to calculate synthetic seismograms. Model likelihood is determined by calculating 1- and 2-D marginal probability density functions (PDF) for the five parameters. The 1-D marginals display a range of peak values, although significant overlap is observed for the top gradient thickness and its associated velocity decrement. From the peak value of the summary PDF, we find the top velocity gradient to be sharp (<6.4 km) and the shear velocity decrement to be large (8.9% Vs). Defining an effective thickness of the low-velocity layer as the mean layer thickness plus half the mean gradient thicknesses, the 410 low-velocity layer thickness is found to be 22 km. A review of changes in the physical state required to match our new 410-LVL constraints suggests that the water-filter model remains an operative hypothesis to test.
Bounds for eigenvalues of arrowhead matrices and their applications to hub matrices and wireless communications

This paper considers the lower and upper bounds of eigenvalues of arrow-head matrices. We propose a parameterized decomposition of an arrowhead matrix which is a sum of a diagonal matrix and a special kind of arrowhead matrix whose eigenvalues can be computed explicitly. The eigenvalues of the arrowhead matrix are then estimated in terms of eigenvalues of the diagonal matrix and the special arrowhead matrix by using Weyl's theorem. Improved bounds of the eigenvalues are obtained by choosing a decomposition of the arrowhead matrix which can provide best bounds. Some applications of these results to hub matrices and wireless communications are discussed.