cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Raltegravir-Based HAART Regimen in a Patient with Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Objective:To describe the antiretroviral management of a patient diagnosed simultaneously with HIV/AIDS and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, focusing on the drug-drug interactions between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and concomitant cancer chemotherapy.Case Summary:A 55-year-old white man was recently diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and presented 1 month later with complaints of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, double vision, right eye discomfort/swelling, and a 3.6-kg weight loss. An excisional biopsy of a right inguinal lymph node confirmed a new diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. HAART and a chemotherapeutic regimen, including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) with intrathecal methotrexate, was to be initiated. As the potential for multiple drug-drug interactions existed, raltegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine were chosen for the initial HAART regimen. The patient achieved and maintained an undetectable viral load throughout 6 CHOP cycles.Discussion:HAART impr...
Calculations of the motion of non-uniform shock waves

Problems of the propagation of shock waves and strong detonation waves through ducts of variable cross-section and ducts with porous walls, and the interaction of a rarefaction wave with a shock and a contact surface in one-dimensional unsteady, or two-dimensional steady, flow are solved using a simple rule. Tables enclosed in this paper permit efficient calculation of several problems of non-uniform shock motion.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intestinal metaplasia in prostates of probasin-RAS transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND. Activation of the RAS pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we employed a transgenic approach to assess the potential contribution of RAS to prostate carcinogenesis. METHODS. Probasin-RA S( Pb-RAS) transgenic mice were generated and shown to express high levels of activated RAS in the prostate lobes. Transgenic prostates were compared to normal controls by histology and immunohistochemistry with relevant markers. RESULTS. Pb-RAS transgenic prostates exhibit neoplastic changes including low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and metaplastic changes towards an intestinal goblet cell phenotype. The finding of high levels of the goblet cell-specific peptide Itf/Tff3 in these transgenic prostates is in accordance with recent microarray studies showing that ITF/TFF3 is upregulated in human prostate cancer samples. CONCLUSIONS. ThePb-RASmousemodelcouldbeusefulforelucidatingtheearlyeventsin prostate carcinogenesis, as well as for studying the mechanisms and potential prostate cancer relevance of intestinal metaplasia. Prostate 59: 448–459, 2004. # 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The influence of carbonyl and ether linkages on the conductivity of polymers

Afin d'etudier les proprietes electroniques de ces liaisons, des calculs de structure de bande utilisant la technique VEH sont effectues pour l'oxyde polyphenylene et le polymere theorique, polyphenylcarbonyle
Folk Dance: An Expression of Culture

(1939). Folk Dance: An Expression of Culture. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 389-431.
Oliver Wendell Holmes on Equality and Adarand

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes authored numerous opinions on the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause during an era when the Court used due process rights to resist state regulation of business interests, undergird the economic policy of laissez faire, and reject the use of legislative enactments to alleviate social problems. Less study, however, has been given to his views on equality and their current application to interpreting the Equal Protection Clause. In this article, I discuss Justice Holmes's ideas on equality and demonstrate how they can be employed to further the use of race-based government classifications as a remedy for the economic subordination of racial minorities.
Water and Feed Intake, Feed Efficiency, and Abdominal Fat Levels of Dwarf and Normal Chickens Selected Under Different Water:Feed Ratio Environments

Abstract Early feed and water intake, feed efficiency, and abdominal fat weights were investigated in normal and dwarf genotypes previously selected for high 8-wk body weight under .4 and 1.6% dietary salt environments. Progeny from the selected lines were evaluated on a normal .4% salt diet in two experiments following Generations 3 and 4. Progeny of lines selected on the .4% salt environment tended to have higher body weights and feed intake than progeny of lines selected on the 1.6% salt environment. There was evidence that progeny from normal birds previously selected on the 1.6% salt environment had higher initial (0 to 6 days) water:feed ratios than progeny of normal birds previously selected on the .4% salt environment, with ratios approximately 20% greater from 0 to 2 days in Generation 4 progeny. Feed efficiencies were similar within genotype across selection environments. However, feed efficiency of dwarfs appeared to be superior to feed efficiency of normals from 0 to 8 days, whereas at later ages, normals were more efficient. Normal females of lines selected in the 1.6% salt environment had from 13 to 29% less abdominal fat percentages than contemporaries from lines selected on the .4% salt environment at 63 to 66 days of age. Abdominal fat weights of dwarfs, however, were not influenced by the selection environment.
Characterization of a low-power helium arcjet

A preliminary study of the structure of a low-power helium arcjet plume is presented. Here, we report on the measurements of electron number density, electron temperature, translational temperature, and helium velocities at the arcjet exit plane. These measurements are supported by a limited performance study, obtained using a thrust stand. Thrust efficiencies are found to range from 60 to 70 percent with a specific impulse in the range of 450-490 seconds. Electron densities and electron temperatures measured using a Langmuir probe were found to be comparable to those measured in similar hydrogen-fueled thrusters. The probe measurements served as input to an analytical model developed to investigate the feasibility of performing laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements. A preliminary LIF study was undertaken and proved to be relatively successful. The measured velocities ranged from 9 to 15 km/s and the temperatures ranged from 300 to 900 K. The peak velocities were found to be unusually high considering the specific impulse measured and also in comparison to those seen in hydrogen arcjet flows. This difference is attributed to the higher operating efficiency.
Survivor guilt: A critical review from the lens of the Holocaust

Survivor guilt is a construct which is ill defined in the literature. Disparate overlapping and inconsistent formulations are outlined and critiqued from the orientation of reactions of Jewish Holo...
A Rotating Bioreactor for Scalable Culture and Differentiation of Respiratory Epithelium

Respiratory epithelium is difficult to grow in vitro, as it requires a well-maintained polarizing air-liquid interface (ALI) to maintain differentiation. Traditional methods rely on permeable membrane culture inserts, which are difficult to work with and are ill-suited for the production of large numbers of cells, such as the quantities required for cell-based clinical therapies. Herein, we investigate an alternative form of culture in which the cells are placed on a porous substrate that is continuously rolled, such that the monolayer of cells is alternately submerged in media or apically exposed to air. Our prototype bioreactor is reliable for up to 21 days of continuous culture and is designed for scale-up for large-scale cell culture with continuous medium and gas exchange. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were cultured on an absorbent substrate in the reactor for periods of 7, 14, and 21 days and were compared to static controls that were submerged in media. Quantification by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR of markers specific to differentiated respiratory epithelium indicated increased cilia, mucous production, and tight junction formation in the rolled cultures, compared to static. Together with scanning electron microscopy and paraffin histology, the data indicate that the intermittent ALI provided by the rolling bioreactor promotes a polarized epithelial phenotype over a period of 21 days.
Role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of the infertile male

Ultrasonography is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of infertile male patients. Used in the appropriate patients, ultrasonography may be helpful in confirming the presence of a clinical varicocele and diagnosing ejaculatory duct obstruction. The accuracy of ultrasonography is operator-dependent and one must be aware of the limitations of this diagnostic modality. It is ideal for the treating urologist to perform his own ultrasonographic studies when possible, particularly TRUS. The interpretation of these studies may be influenced by clinical data not available or familiar to radiologists. However, one should remain cautious about the over interpretation of ultrasonographic studies and refrain from injudicious use of this safe and relatively inexpensive imaging modality. The results of these studies may lead to inappropriate surgical interventions that are expensive and involve significant risk.
Update on Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Focus on Cariprazine

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe psychiatric disorders that are frequently associated with persistent symptoms and significant dysfunction. While there are a multitude of psychopharmacologic agents are available for treatment of these illnesses, suboptimal response and significant adverse consequences limit their utility. Cariprazine is a new, novel antipsychotic medication with dopamine D2 and D3 partial agonist effects. Its safety and efficacy have been investigated in acute psychosis of schizophrenia, bipolar mania, bipolar depression, and unipolar depression. Efficacy has been demonstrated in schizophrenia and mania. It is unclear if cariprazine is effective in depression associated with unipolar or bipolar illness. Adverse consequences include extrapyramidal symptoms including akathisia, and various gastrointestinal symptoms. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved cariprazine. This review will provide clinicians with basic information regarding the research program of cariprazine.
Abstract 1159: Ketosis and hyperbaric oxygen elicit potent anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo

The Warburg effect and tumor hypoxia underlie a unique cancer metabolism characterized by glucose dependency and abnormal mitochondrial function. We have previously shown that this phenotype can be exploited therapeutically by glucose restriction with the ketogenic diet, dietary ketone supplementation, or hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT). We hypothesized that combining these therapies would be an effective non-toxic treatment regimen, so we tested this combination therapy in the VM-M3 mouse model of metastatic cancer. Treated mice exhibited decreased tumor growth rate, decreased metastatic spread to the lungs, kidneys, spleen, adipose, and liver, decreased liver tumor vascularization, and lived twice as long as controls. To further characterize the effects of these therapies, we measured proliferation, viability, ROS production, and expression of key signaling molecules in VM-M3 cells exposed to the following conditions: high glucose (control; 25mM), low glucose (LG; 3mM), ketone supplementation (βHB; 5mM), hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT; 90 min, 2.5 ATA), or combination therapy (LG+BHB+HBOT). Proliferation of VM-M3 cells was measured with trypan blue hemocytometry and was significantly decreased from controls at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Viability of VM-M3 cells was measured by fluorescence microscopy with calcein and EthD-1 and was decreased by 19.2% in LG, 12.5% in βHB, and 38.2% in LG+βHB+HBOT treated cells compared to control. ROS (superoxide) production was measured by fluorescent microscopy with DHE and was increased by 46% in HBOT and by 48% in LG+βHB+HBOT treated cells. Treatment with βHB significantly decreased expression of HIF-1α and pAkt compared to control as measured with western blot. HBOT also inhibited HIF-1α expression but increased pAkt expression in vitro. This study strongly supports further investigation into mechanisms of action and the use of these metabolic therapies as a potential cancer treatment. Citation Format: Angela Poff, Nathan Ward, Thomas Seyfried, Dominic D9Agostino. Ketosis and hyperbaric oxygen elicit potent anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1159
Family Engagement Strategies in Child Welfare Practice

Engagement with families involved in the child welfare system is challenging for even the most seasoned professionals. Effective engagement can become compromised by the complexity of legal mandates, the crisis nature of the work, the economic and social challenges faced by children and families, an often critical public, and less than optimal agency staffing patterns. Opportunities to impact the lives of children and families in crisis, to improve a family’s capacity to care for their children, and to enhance a young person’s options for permanency rest upon the ability to engage clients in a meaningful partnership. Workers who operate from a strengths-based, solution-focused perspective are able to see opportunities for change in even the most complicated family situations and understand that establishing a meaningful connection is the first step in addressing difficult life issues.
3D Printing Hierarchical Silver Nanowire Aerogel with Highly Compressive Resilience and Tensile Elongation through Tunable Poisson's Ratio.

Metallic aerogels have attracted intense attention due to their superior properties, such as high electrical conductivity, ultralow densities, and large specific surface area. The preparation of metal aerogels with high efficiency and controllability remains challenge. A 3D freeze assembling printing technique integrated with drop-on-demand inkjet printing and freeze casting are proposed for metallic aerogels preparation. This technique enables tailoring both the macrostructure and microstructure of silver nanowire aerogels (SNWAs) by integrating programmable 3D printing and freeze casting, respectively. The density of the printed SNWAs is controllable, which can be down to 1.3 mg cm−3. The ultralight SNWAs reach high electrical conductivity of 1.3 S cm−1 and exhibit excellent compressive resilience under 50% compressive strain. Remarkably, the printing methodology also enables tuning aerogel architectures with designed Poisson's ratio (from negative to positive). Moreover, these aerogel architechtures with tunable Poisson's ratio present highly electromechanical stability under high compressive and tensile strain (both strain up to 20% with fully recovery).
The Regenerate Bone

Bone formation with distraction osteogenesis forms vascularized longitudinal columns of fibrous tissue in response to elongation in a mechanically stable environment. The newly formed tissue has stretched out mitochondria and elongated endoplasmic reticulum. A fibrous interzone forms as the elongating columns ossified. With time, the regenerate hardens and forms a cortex. The entire process is sensitive to stability, gentleness of osteotomy, and rate and rhythm of distraction. Ilizarov has developed an entire vocabulary to characterize his treatment strategy that depends upon the location of the osteotomy, the sequence of action, and the objective.
Moral Responsibility, Alienation, and Multiplex Selves

While I agree that narrative accounts of self are the best way to understand persons and that they can be important tools in understanding the impact of mental illness and brain insults (see especi...
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine has the second highest prevalence of drug abuse after cannabis, with estimates of 35 million users worldwide. The (S)-(+)-enantiomer is the illicit drug, active neurostimulant, and eutomer, while the (R)-(−)-enantiomer is contained in over the counter decongestants. While designated a schedule II drug in 1970, (S)-(+)-methamphetamine is available by prescription for the treatment of attention-deficit disorder and obesity. The illicit use of (S)-(+)-methamphetamine results in the sudden “rush” of stimulation to the motivation, movement, pleasure, and reward centers in the brain, caused by rapid release of dopamine. In this review, we will provide an overview of the synthesis, pharmacology, adverse effects, and drug metabolism of this widely abused psychostimulant that distinguish it as a DARK classic in Chemical Neuroscience.
Multipath Doppler difference estimation in over-the-horizon radar

Target altitude estimation is an important and chal­lenging task in over-the-horizon radar. It has been shown that the elevation motion of a maneuvering target can be effectively revealed by local multipath signals which generally contain three distinct components with highly time-varying and closely separated Doppler signatures. Because of the close separation between the Doppler signatures, it is challenging to accurately estimate the Doppler frequency difference. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity technique that effectively estimates the Doppler frequency difference by utilizing the a priori knowledge of the Doppler characteristics of the local multipath signals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using simulated results.
Use of Auxiliary Information: Multi-Phase Sampling

In the previous chapters we have seen that use of known auxiliary information at the estimation stage as well as at the selection stage leads to improved estimation strategies in survey sampling. When such information is not completely known or lacking and it is relatively cheaper to obtain information on the auxiliary variable(s), one can consider taking a large preliminary sample for estimating population mean(s) of the auxiliary variable(s) to be used at the estimation or selection stage of the ultimate estimation strategies. For example, in the case of single auxiliary variable X, since it is cheaper to obtain information on X, we consider taking a large preliminary sample for estimating population mean. \( \bar X \) or distribution of X as the case may be, and only a small sample (some times a subsample) for measuring the study variable Y.
Postsynaptic Transport Packets

To understand the molecular methods by which synapse formation occurs, it is critical to know the mechanisms by which all the synaptic components can possibly arrive at a newly forming synapse. Methods of trafficking can range from diffusion through the cytoplasm or in the plasma membrane to exo/endocytic cycling between bouts of transport along microtubules. In the case of the postsynaptic density (PSD) of glutamatergic synapses, it appears that many of the necessary proteins arrive separately and by different means. Here we examine the modes of transport and recruitment of a number of postsynaptic components to newly forming, glutamatergic synapses.
Physicians' Perceptions of Stakeholder Influence on Discharge Timing in a Children's Hospital.

Attending physicians (N = 53) at a nonprofit, university-affiliated academic children’s hospital completed a survey about how key stakeholders affect timing of patient discharge beyond attending assessment of medical stability. Physicians perceived families and hospital administration as more often having an impact on discharge timing than they should and perceived members of the care team and peer physicians/consultants as less frequently having an impact than they should. All but one physician reported discharging a patient either earlier or later than they felt was appropriate due to pressure from at least one stakeholder group; almost all physicians had done so in response to pressure from families. When physicians changed discharge timing based on stakeholder pressure, they tended to extend hospital stay except in the case of administrative pressure. These findings highlight the need for improvements in communication regarding discharge goals and for future research on how navigating competing interests affect physician stress.
Defining Misinformation and Understanding its Bounded Nature: Using Expertise and Evidence for Describing Misinformation

Research on misinformation is growing in volume and scope, but defining “misinformation” in a consistent and coherent way has been a challenge for the field. To address this challenge, we outline c...
Reflections on Choice: The Stories of Self-Advocates

This chapter shares the views of self-advocates from the United States on the importance of having control over the choices in their lives. They report how being successful in making life choices enhances their community involvement and sense of wellness, leads to fulfilling careers, and assists people actively preparing for their future. They also explain the role of parents and families in supporting the development of choice-making skills, and the missed opportunities and resulting frustration that occurs when they become overprotective. These self-advocates experienced other barriers to many of their choices and decisions, such as stereotypes and economic challenges imposed by their communities, and service systems that do not always support them to lead lives on their own terms. Finally, the self-advocates share ideas about the kinds of supports that are helpful in making sometimes difficult choices and provide recommendations for parents and families, direct support professionals, case managers, and their colleagues with similar disabilities. Two overarching themes throughout the chapter are the satisfaction and pride that came with having control over the choices and decisions in their lives and the importance of developing strong self-advocacy skills to overcome the barriers that got in their way.
Chapter 12 – Other Microcontrollers

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on other microcomputers related to the 6812. There are smaller microcomputers, such as the 6805 and the 6811, which are ideal for controlling appliances and small systems, and there are larger microcomputers, such as the 68300 series, which are excellent for larger programs. The microcomputer is a powerful tool. But the microcomputer is more than just one type of computer. There are a wide variety of microcomputers with different capacities and features that make them suitable for different applications. The 6811, the immediate predecessor of the 6812, was designed for a specific application, automotive control and then, was made available for other applications. The 6812 is upward compatible to the 6811. The register set for the 6811 is identical to that of the 6812. The 6811 has immediate, page-zero, 16-bit direct, and inherent addressing, exactly as in the 6812. The relative address mode is available only as an 8-bit relative address in BRA type of instructions, which behave exactly like their counterparts in the 6812. The 6811 lacks some of the instructions and many of the addressing modes of the 6812.
The Role of Identity in Supporting a Shared Reality On Cross-Functional Project Teams

Project structures have become a dominating form to organize and accomplish work in firms today. This study focused on firms that source the functional expertise needed to support project implement...
A Survey of Patient Perspectives on Approach to Health Care: Focus on Physician Competency and Compassion:

We conducted a cross-sectional, survey study of 764 volunteers to gain insight into patients’ perceptions of physician qualities of compassion and competence. Among 651 (85% response rate) survey p...
Comparison of lesional juvenile myositis and lupus skin reveals overlapping yet unique disease pathophysiology.

OBJECTIVE Skin inflammation heralds systemic disease in juvenile myositis, yet we lack an understanding of pathogenic mechanisms driving skin inflammation in this disease. We undertook this study to define cutaneous gene expression signatures in juvenile myositis and identify key genes and pathways that differentiate skin disease in juvenile myositis from childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsy samples from 15 patients with juvenile myositis (9 lesional, 6 nonlesional), 5 patients with childhood-onset SLE, and 8 controls to perform transcriptomic analysis and identify significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs; q ≤ 5%) between patient groups. We used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to highlight enriched biologic pathways and validated DEGs by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Comparison of lesional juvenile myositis to control samples revealed 221 DEGs, with the majority of up-regulated genes representing interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes. CXCL10, CXCL9, and IFI44L represented the top 3 DEGs (fold change 23.2, 13.3, and 13.0, respectively; q < 0.0001). IPA revealed IFN signaling as the top canonical pathway. When compared to childhood-onset SLE, lesional juvenile myositis skin shared a similar gene expression pattern, with only 28 unique DEGs, including FBLN2, CHKA, and SLURP1. Notably, patients with juvenile myositis who were positive for nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP-2) autoantibodies exhibited the strongest IFN signature and also demonstrated the most extensive Mx-1 immunostaining, both in keratinocytes and perivascular regions. CONCLUSION Lesional juvenile myositis skin demonstrates a striking IFN signature similar to that previously reported in juvenile myositis muscle and peripheral blood. Further investigation into the association of a higher IFN score with NXP-2 autoantibodies may provide insight into disease endotypes and pathogenesis.
Risk-Sensitive Control and an Optimal Investment Model

We consider an optimal investment model in which the goal is to maximize the long-term growth rate of expected utility of wealth. In the model, the mean returns of the securities are explicitly affected by the underlying economic factors. The utility function is HARA. The problem is reformulated as an infinite time horizon risk-sensitive control problem. We study the dynamic programming equation associated with this control problem and derive some consequences of the investment problem.
The Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Social Mobility on Cognitive Function and Change Among Older Adults: A Comparison Between the United States and England.

Objectives This study aims to examine the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cognitive function in later life within nationally representative samples of older adults in the United States and England, investigate whether these effects are mediated by later-life SEP, and determine whether social mobility from childhood to adulthood affects cognitive function and decline. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (ELSA), we examined the relationships between measures of SEP, cognitive performance and decline using individual growth curve models. Results High childhood SEP was associated with higher cognitive performance at baseline in both cohorts and did not affect the rate of decline. This benefit dissipated after adjusting for education and adult wealth in the United States. Respondents with low childhood SEP, above median education, and high adult SEP had better cognitive performance at baseline than respondents with a similar childhood background and less upward mobility in both countries. Discussion These findings emphasize the impact of childhood SEP on cognitive trajectories among older adults. Upward mobility may partially compensate for disadvantage early in life but does not protect against cognitive decline.
Ignition of Gases, Vapors, and Liquids by Hot Surfaces

Gases, vapors, liquid sprays, aerosols and other forms of ignitable fluids dispersed into the atmosphere, under certain circumstances, may encounter a hot surface. When investigating a fire, it may be necessary to determine in such cases if the hot surface was a competent ignition source. The paper reviews the available experimental data and findings on this topic and gives appropriate advice. It is shown that, unlike the autoignition temperature (AIT), which is only slightly dependent on test conditions, the hot-surface ignition temperature (HSIT) is highly dependent on the test environment conditions. The primary variable affecting the outcome is the degree of ‘enclosedness.’ If the degree of enclosedness is not extreme, a standard recommendation is that the hot-surface ignition temperature might be assumed to be 200°C higher than the AIT. But for conditions of significant enclosedness, the actual ignition temperature is more influenced by the fuel’s volatility (which is related to its flash point) than its AIT value. Higher volatility fuels are harder, not easier, to ignite from a hot surface. Since gasoline is the most volatile of the common automotive-use ignitable liquids, it turns out to be the one which is the hardest to ignite by a hot surface. Nonetheless, in some cases, vehicular engine compartment temperatures can become high enough for gasoline to get ignited. When conducting HSIT tests, it is important to be cognizant of the probabilistic nature of the ignition problem.
Investigation of interfacial structures for hybrid manufacturing

Abstract Hybrid manufacturing is a combination of additive and subtractive manufacturing in a single machine. Typically, planar substrate substrates are used for deposition and do not correspond to scenarios encountered in repair applications where the substrate can often be non-planar. Hybrid manufacturing opens the possibility for repairs by leveraging the five-axis mill to prepare the substrate for deposition. However, as the substrate geometry changes, so does the associated heat transfer during deposition and subsequent microstructures. This paper focuses on understanding the changes in microstructure and material properties with changing substrate geometries.
Thermal shock effects on the impact resistance, tolerance and flexural strength of alumina based oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites

Abstract In this study the effects of thermal shock on the impact damage resistance, damage tolerance and flexural strength of Nextel 610/alumina silicate ceramic matrix composites were experimentally evaluated. Composite laminates with balanced and symmetric layup were gradually heated to 1200°C in an air-based furnace and held for at least 30 min before being removed and immersed in water at room temperature. The laminates were then subjected to low velocity impacts via a hemispherical steel impactor. The resultant damage was characterized non-destructively, following which the laminates were subjected to compression tests. Three-point bend tests were also performed to evaluate the effect of thermal shock on the flexural strength and related failure modes of the laminates. Thermally shocked laminates showed smaller internal damage and larger external damage areas in comparison to their pristine counterparts. For the impact energy and resultant damage size considered, the residual compressive strengths for the thermally shocked and pristine laminates were similar.
A Low-voltage Low-loss Active Reflected Wave Canceller for a Medium Voltage SiC Motor Drive based on a Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology

Multilevel topologies with SiC devices for medium voltage (MV) motor drive have advantages to reduce the harmonics and device voltage stress as well as to increase the efficiency. However, with the application of SiC devices, the reflected wave phenomenon still happens in multilevel motor drive due to its high dv/dt, resulting in overvoltage at motor terminals. This paper proposed a T-type circuit based active reflected wave canceller (ARWC) to suppress the overvoltage of a M-level motor drives with reduced voltage rating of Vdc/(M-1). A coupled inductor is applied to isolate the ARWC output and the main inverter. In addition, the coupled inductor is designed with a small resistor to allow low current flowing into ARWC. The proposed ARWC configuration can be applied for general multilevel topologies. A 3-level ANPC converter with 3.3 kV SiC device is built in the laboratory. A 1.2 kV SiC module is applied in the proposed ARWC. The experimental results at 1.6 kV Vdc and 16 A (RMS) load current with and without proposed ARWC are provided and compared to verify the validity of proposed method.
Erosion of Isles Dernieres and Timbalier Islands

Isles Dernieres and Timbalier Island chains off Louisiana coast are being subjected to erosional process; beach erosion study made in 1960 determined extent of destruction and has shown that preservation in present form is not feasible.
Quality and chemistry of niger seeds (Guizotia abyssinica) grown in the United States

As niger seeds in the USA are imported solely as an ingredient in bird seed, the goal of this research was to find new uses and applications of niger seeds as a potential new industrial crop in the USA. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemistry and quality of niger seeds (Guizotia abyssinica) grown in the USA and compare them with imported seeds from Ethiopia and India. Several parameters were determined in these products (sensory evaluation, moisture content, ash content, crude fats, total protein, fatty acid composition and elemental analysis). Niger seed grown in the USA exhibited the best visual characters (glossiest and darkest brown seeds), with lower levels of moisture and foreign matter. All samples contained high levels of total fats, USA sample 36.6%, while imported seeds varied from 36.5 to 38.2%. USA grown seeds showed higher levels of proteins (28.2%), while imported seeds exhibited lower levels (18.2–26.6%). Fatty acid composition showed that the USA sample was high in linoleic acid (71.3%), one of the imported seeds showed a similar profile (70.9% of linoleic acid). These results demonstrated that niger seeds can be a new source of industrial crops in the USA, as seeds were high in oil with potential applications in dietary supplement and cosmetic industries.
Diet and prostate cancer - a holistic approach to management.

There is now increasing evidence from epidemiologic surveys and from laboratory, intervention, and case-control studies that diet and lifestyle play a crucial role in prostate cancer biology and tumorigenesis. This applies to both the development and progression of prostate cancer, although in many cases the specific initiating factors in the diet are poorly understood. Conversely, many nutrients and herbs also show significant promise in helping to treat prostate cancer by slowing progression and reducing recurrence, ultimately reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality from the disease. Furthermore, for all grades of prostate cancer, nutritional interventions complement conventional treatment to improve response and quality of life.
Using Behavioral Contracts to Promote Health Behavior Change: Application in a College Level Health Course

(1984). Using Behavioral Contracts to Promote Health Behavior Change: Application in a College Level Health Course. Health Education: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 22-27.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Cytidine Diphosphate 3,6-Dideoxyhexoses: VIII. STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF E3 AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF CYTIDINE DIPHOSPHATE-4-KETO-3,6-DIDEOXYGLUCOSE

Abstract Enzyme E3, one of the two enzymes required to promote the formation of CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxyglucose from CDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose, is thought to catalyze the NADPH requiring reduction in which the 3-deoxy group is actually formed from the intermediate discussed in the preceding paper. One mole of NAD(P)H was oxidized for every mole of sugar reduced when the reaction was carried out in an argon atmosphere. Experiments with both A- and B-[4-3H]NADPH have shown that there is no direct hydride transfer from NADPH to either the sugar being reduced or to pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, a participant in the reaction. On the other hand, using tritiated water 1 atom of hydrogen is incorporated into the CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxyglucose formed. E3 alone also catalyzes the oxidation of NAD(P)H although there is no chromophoric group such as a flavin associated with the enzyme. However, added FMN or 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol greatly enhances the rate of NAD(P)H oxidation by E3.
Finding scientific gems with Google’s PageRank algorithm

We apply the Google PageRank algorithm to assess the relative importance of all publications in the Physical Review family of journals from 1893 to 2003. While the Google number and the number of citations for each publication are positively correlated, outliers from this linear relation identify some exceptional papers or “gems” that are universally familiar to physicists. © 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Trade under temporary equilibrium: Evolution in a loglinear world

Abstract The paper develops a model of a competitive world in which several countries are engaged in the production, consumption, and exchange of many commodities over time. Each agent produces a single good, and trades it for the required inputs and consumption goods. The plans of the agents are based on an optimization exercise involving a constrained maximization of a discounted sum of one period utilities. All the relevant functional relationships are assumed to be loglinear. The principal results deal with the existence and characterization of the sequence of temporary equilibria.
MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease significantly improves failure-free and overall survival: the 8-year results of the intergroup trial.

PURPOSETo compare the efficacy of sequential mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) followed by doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) versus the MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen in advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease.PATIENTS AND METHODSA total of 737 patients with previously untreated stages III2A, IIIB, IVA, or IVB Hodgkin's disease and patients in first relapse after radiotherapy were prospectively randomized to sequential MOPP-ABV or MOPP/ABV hybrid. Of 691 eligible patients, 344 received the sequential regimen and 347 received the hybrid.RESULTSThe overall response rate was 95%, with complete responses (CRs) in 79%: 83% on the MOPP/ABV hybrid and 75% on the sequential MOPP-ABVD arm (P = .02). With a median follow-up time of 7.3 years, the 8-year failure-free survival (FFS) rates were 64% for MOPP/ABV hybrid and 54% far sequential MOPP-ABVD (P = .01; 0.69 relative risk of failure, comparing MOPP/ABV hybrid v MOPP-ABVD). The 8-year overall survival rate was signific...
Association of Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate

Aim Despite several studies, the extent to which hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. Thus, we examined the relationship between HCV and CKD using the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2012). Methods Specimens positive for anti-HCV antibodies were retested and confirmed with recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Proteinuria was defined as urine albumin creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We used linear and logistic regression models to examine the association between HCV and outcomes with and without adjustment for age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index and accounting for the complex survey design. Results Of the 33,729 eligible participants, HCV infection was present in 659 (1.73%). In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, HCV was associated with proteinuria (OR = 1.40, p = 0.01 and OR = 1.50, p = 0.02, respectively). In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, individuals with HCV had significantly higher GFR than individuals without (1.4 mL/min, p = 0.04 and 2.7 mL/min, p < 0.001, respectively). We did not find an association of HCV with CKD in adjusted or unadjusted analyses. Conclusion HCV infection is associated with proteinuria and high GFR but not with CKD. The biological mechanism of the observed association needs further study. Clin Trans Sci 2015; Volume #: 1–4
Pilot Survey of Subway and Bus Stop Noise Levels

Excessive noise exposure is a serious global urban health problem, adversely affecting millions of people. One often cited source of urban noise is mass transit, particularly subway systems. As a first step in determining risk within this context, we recently conducted an environmental survey of noise levels of the New York City transit system. Over 90 noise measurements were made using a sound level meter. Average and maximum noise levels were measured on subway platforms, and maximum levels were measured inside subway cars and at several bus stops for comparison purposes. The average noise level measured on the subway platforms was 86 ± 4 dBA (decibel-A weighting). Maximum levels of 106, 112, and 89 dBA were measured on subway platforms, inside subway cars, and at bus stops, respectively. These results indicate that noise levels in subway and bus stop environments have the potential to exceed recommended exposure guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), given sufficient exposure duration. Risk reduction strategies following the standard hierarchy of control measures should be applied, where feasible, to reduce subway noise exposure.
Surface Inspection Based On Stochastic Modelling

This paper is concerned with inspecting surfaces using the textural properties of the surface. The approach taken here is that of modelling the surface texture by a "stochastic" model which is parametric, synthesis, compact and parsimonious. Two such models are discussed: the Markov Random Fields and the Fractal models. The first model is very useful for modelling textured surfaces such as textile, lumber, etc; whereas the second one is useful for modelling perceptual surface roughness. Surface inspection is cast as a statistical classification and hypothesis testing problem based on the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the model parameters (or on the sufficient statistics). The image is divided into disjoint square windows and a MLE a* (or a sufficient statistic) is computed for each window . A Mahalanobis metric 11 a* - a 11,p weighted by the Fisher information matrix 'P is computed and compared to a predetermined threshold. This metric is shown to be the quadratic of the likelihood of the data for a large number of samples, and the test is the corresponding chi-square test.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: application to biology and technology

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) are scanning probe microscopes capable of resolving surface detail down to the atomic level. The potential of these microscopes for revealing subtle details of structure is illustrated by atomic resolution images including graphite, an organic conductor, an insulating layered compound, and individual adsorbed oxygen atoms on a semiconductor. Application of the STM for imaging biological materials directly has been hampered by the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples. The use of thin conductive metal coatings and replicas has made it possible to image some biological samples, as indicated by recently obtained images of a recA-DNA complex, a phospholipid bilayer, and an enzyme crystal. The potential of the AFM, which does not require a conductive sample, is shown with molecular resolution images of a nonconducting organic monolayer and an amino acid crystal that reveals individual methyl groups on the ends of the amino acids. Applications of these new microscopes to technology are demonstrated with images of an optical disk stamper, a diffraction grating, a thin-film magnetic recording head, and a diamond cutting tool. The STM has even been used to improve the quality of diffraction gratings and magnetic recording heads.
Combination of γ-radiation antagonizes the cytotoxic effects of vincristine and vinblastine on both mitotic arrest and apoptosis

Purpose Combination therapy with different modalities is a common practice in the treatment of cancer. The promising clinical profile of vincristine and vinblastine has promoted considerable interest in combining these vinca alkaloids with radiation therapy to treat a variety of solid tumors. However, the therapeutic efficacy and the interaction between the vinca alkaloids with radiation is not entirely clear. In this study, we assessed the potential interactions in the combination of vincristine or vinblastine with γ-radiation against human tumor cells in vitro . Methods and materials Vincristine or vinblastine and γ-radiation were administrated at three different sequences designed as preradiated, coradiated, and postradiated combinations in human breast cancer cells and human epidermoid carcinoma cells. The cytotoxic interactions and mutual influences between these two modalities were analyzed by a series of assays including cytotoxic, morphologic, and biochemical examinations. Results Our results showed that the combination of these two modalities did not produce any synergistic or additive effects. Instead, the clonogenic assays showed the survival rates of these combinations were increased up to 2.17-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively, of those treated with vincristine or vinblastine alone ( p vinca alkaloids to induce apoptosis. Further analyses indicated that addition of γ-radiation resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G 2 phase, which subsequently prevented the mitotic arrest induced by vincristine or vinblastine. In addition, biochemical examinations revealed that γ-radiation regulated p34 cdc2 /cyclin B1 and survivin, and inhibited IκBα degradation and bcl-2 phosphorylation. Conclusions These results suggest that γ-radiation might specifically block the cell cycle at the G 2 phase, which in turn interferes with the cytotoxic effects of vincristine or vinblastine on mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Thereby, it eventually results in an antagonistic interaction between these two modalities. This finding may be implicated in the clinical application of combination therapy of vinca alkaloids and radiation.
Lack of effect of 1-methylisoguanosine on sleep in rats

The dose-response effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 1-methylisoguanosine (MIG) on sleep in rats were examined. Not even the largest dose (100 nmol/rat) of 1-methylisoguanosine produced significant hypnotic effects, whereas doses of 10 and 100 nmol/rat suppressed rapid eye movement sleep in rats. The only statistically significant effect of 1-methylisoguanosine on sleep latencies was an increase in the latency of S2 after intracerebroventricular administration of 100 nmol/rat of the drug. These effects of 1-methylisoguanosine on sleep were unlike those of both adenosine and the benzodiazepines, suggesting that, contrary to earlier speculations, 1-methylisoguanosine does not interact with central adenosine or benzodiazepine receptors.