cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamo-generated magnetic fields at the surface of a massive star

Spruit has shown that an astrophysical dynamo can operate in the non-convective material of a differentially rotating star as a result of a particular instability in the magnetic field (the Tayler instability). By assuming that the dynamo operates in a state of marginal instability, Spruit has obtained formulae which predict the equilibrium strengths of azimuthal and radial field components in terms of local physical quantities. Here, we apply Spruit's formulae to our previously published models of rotating massive stars in order to estimate Tayler dynamo field strengths. There are no free parameters in Spruit's formulae. In our models of 10- and 50-M ○. stars on the zero-age main sequence, we find internal azimuthal fields of up to 1 MG, and internal radial components of a few kG. Evolved models contain weaker fields. In order to obtain estimates of the field strength at the stellar surface, we examine the conditions under which the Tayler dynamo fields are subject to magnetic buoyancy. We find that conditions for Tayler instability overlap with those for buoyancy at intermediate to high magnetic latitudes. This suggests that fields emerge at the surface of a massive star between magnetic latitudes of about 45° and the poles. We attempt to estimate the strength of the field which emerges at the surface of a massive star. Although these estimates are very rough, we find that the surface field strengths overlap with values which have been reported recently for line-of-sight fields in several O and B stars.
Trauma exposure and retention in adolescent substance abuse treatment

Trauma exposure and related symptoms interfere with adult adherence to drug treatment. Whether these findings hold true for adolescents is unknown. We examined trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and psychosocial functioning among 212 adolescents upon admission to long-term residential drug treatment and examined retention in treatment at 6 months. Seventy-one percent reported lifetime trauma exposure, and 29% of the trauma-exposed met criteria for current PTSD. Trauma-exposed adolescents reported more behavioral problems, with gender differences apparent. We divided the sample into three groups: no trauma exposure (21%), trauma-exposed without PTSD (59%), and trauma-exposed with PTSD (20%). Survival analysis showed that trauma-exposed adolescents without PTSD left treatment sooner than the nonexposed. Need for attention to trauma in substance abuse treatment programs is discussed.
Three-dimensional viscous finite element formulation for acoustic fluid-structure interaction

Abstract A three-dimensional viscous finite element model is presented in this paper for the analysis of the acoustic fluid–structure interaction systems including, but not limited to, the cochlear-based transducers. The model consists of a three-dimensional viscous acoustic fluid medium interacting with a two-dimensional flat structure domain. The fluid field is governed by the linearized Navier–Stokes equation with the fluid displacements and the pressure chosen as independent variables. The mixed displacement/pressure based formulation is used in the fluid field in order to alleviate the locking in the nearly incompressible fluid. The structure is modeled as a Mindlin plate with or without residual stress. The Hinton–Huang’s 9-noded Lagrangian plate element is chosen in order to be compatible with 27/4 u/p fluid elements. The results from the full 3D FEM model are in good agreement with experimental results and other FEM results including Beltman’s thin film viscoacoustic element [W.M. Beltman, P.J.M. Van der Hoogt, R.M.E.J. Spiering, H. Tijdeman, Implementation and experimental validation of a new viscothermal acoustic finite element for acousto-elastic problems, J. Sound Vib. 216 (1) (1998) 159–185] and two and half dimensional inviscid elements [A.A. Parthasarathi, K. Grosh, A.L. Nuttall, Three-dimensional numerical modeling for global cochlear dynamics, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 (2000) 474–485]. Although it is computationally expensive, it provides a benchmark solution for other numerical models or approximations to compare to besides experiments and it is capable of modeling any irregular geometries and material properties while other numerical models may not be applicable.
Idempotent method for deception games

In recent years, idempotent methods (specifically, max-plus methods) have been developed for solution of nonlinear control problems. We extend the applicability of idempotent methods to deterministic dynamic games through usage of the min-max distributive property. However, this induces a very high curse-of-complexity. A representation of the space of max-plus hypo-convex functions as a min-max linear space is used to obtain a result which may be used to attenuate this complexity growth. We apply this approach in a game of deception, where one player is searching for certain objects, while the other player may employ deception to hinder that search. The problem is formulated as a dynamic game, where the state space is a max-plus probability simplex.
Collision Induced Dissociation and Desorption: CH4 on Ni(111)

We have recently shown that there is a barrier to the dissociative chemisorption of CH4 on Ni(111) and that the translational energy associated with motion normal to the surface (from here on referred to as the normal component) and the vibrational energy of the incident CH4 molecule are effective in surmounting it [1]. The role of translational and vibrational energy in promoting dissociation is interpreted in terms of a deformation model where the barrier arises largely from the energy required to deform the methane molecule sufficiently to allow a strong attractive interaction between the carbon and the Ni surface atoms.
Filter. Remix. Make. Cultivating Adaptability Through Multimodality

This article establishes traits of adaptable communicators in the 21st century, explains why adaptability should be a goal of technical communication educators, and shows how multimodal pedagogy supports adaptability. Three examples of scalable, multimodal assignments (infographics, research interviews, and software demonstrations) that evidence this philosophy are discussed in detail. Asking students to communicate multimodally drives them to effectively filter information, remix modes, and remake practices that are core characteristics of adaptable communicators. Beyond teaching students how to teach themselves as an essential part of living in an information society, contending with new and unfamiliar tools also prepares students for their roles as empathic mediators in the workplace.
BM-09USE OF NEUROENDOSCOPY TO SAFELY DELIVER INTRATHECAL CHEMOTHERAPY AT THE TIME OF OMMAYA RESERVOIR PLACEMENT

BACKGROUND: For patients with carcinomatous meningitis, treatment needs to be expedited, especially for patients with hematologic malignancies. Using neuroendoscopy as an adjunct at the time of ventricular reservoir placement allows immediate confirmation of catheter placement rather than waiting for a post-operative CT scan and waiting for contact from the surgeon. This confirmation allows delivery of intrathecal chemotherapy at the time of surgery saving the patient delays in chemotherapy delivery and potential side effects of the first chemotherapy delivery, as they are still under general anesthesia. Delay in confirmation of appropriate catheter placement or poor catheter placement delays treatment; this technique also allows the surgeon and oncologist to know definitively that the reservoir is properly positioned and functional at the time of surgery. METHODS: Five patients with carcinomatous meningitis who were candidates for intrathecal chemotherapy were prospectively followed. All of them had a ventricular reservoir placed with neuroendoscopy and immediate delivery of intrathecal chemotherapy. RESULTS: All five of the patients had a reservoir placed without incident. Four of the patients had chemotherapy delivered during surgery without incident. For one patient, there was a pharmacy delay, but the chemotherapy was delivered while the patient was still recovering from anesthesia. There were no complications related to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendoscopy has the power to immediately confirm proper ventricular placement of an Ommaya reservoir and to safely allow the delivery of intrathecal chemotherapy in the operating room. This technique eliminates delays in chemotherapy delivery and is safe.
Determining Waiting Room Occupancy at an Outpatient Clinic Using Simulated Observations and Probability-Duration Curves.

Abstract Adequate allocation of physical resources in hospitals has become increasingly important with the rise of health care costs. Seat utilization in outpatient clinic waiting rooms is one resource that is particularly important to monitor, to not only ensure patient satisfaction but also accommodate patient flow. Currently, very few studies are available on seat occupancy and patient flow in standard waiting rooms, and studies often neglect important factors, such as hourly patterns of patient influx and occupancy duration. These factors were taken into consideration in our study of visitor occupancy and patient flow in an imaging-facility waiting room. This paper discusses the simulated observation approach that we have developed, which coupled in-person observations with RIS data analysis. Using RIS data to guide our initial in-person observations, we built a model for simulated observations, based on the merged RIS and observation data. To determine the appropriate number of seats needed to accommodate patients and their companions, simulated observation results were analyzed using a probability-duration curve. This curve considers maximum room occupancies as temporal events, with certain probabilities and durations. We demonstrated how simulated observations and probability-duration curves can provide hospital managers with an efficient and pragmatic way to determine waiting room occupancy.
A health study of 350 medical workers occupationally exposed to radiation in Nantong city

Objective:To study the health status of 350 medical workers occupationally exposed to radiation in Nantong city,so as to provide basis for the management of radiation protection.Methods:In accordance with the regulation on radiation workers health management,physical examination and laboratory examination were conducted in 350 workers.Results :The abnormal lens rate was 17.71%;the abnormal blood rate was 8.23%,the Leukopenia rate was 3.43%;the rates of chormosome aberrations and micronuclei were all normal after review;B-ultrasound positive rate was 41.70%,the rate of abnormal ECG was 12.80%.Conclusion: The overall level of protection in Nantong city is well.Long-term exposed to radiation had a little occupational damage on radiation workers,but the overall radiation workers are in poor health.The radiation workers should strengthen health protection.
Supervising Counselors-in-Training Through a Developmental, Narrative Model

ABSTRACTThe developmental narrative model (DNM) to supervision introduces a creative postmodern supervision approach designed to increase counselor-in-training competency through counselor awareness, the use of storying, and a commitment to social advocacy. This collaborative supervision model pulls from narrative therapy and incorporates the developmental needs of counselors-in-training through the integrated developmental model. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) review the major tenets of DNM supervision, (b) present the supervisors’ role within the approach, and (c) identify strengths and limitations of the DNM model in action.
Electrodiagnosis in the management of brachial plexus surgery

A few pre and intraoperative neurophysiological tests offer valuable information in the diagnosis and functional evaluation of brachial plexus injury. The tests and the questions they answer can guide the surgeon's decision about whether to perform neurolysis or an interpositional graft.
The Scramble Competition Mating System of Scolia dubia (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae)

ABSTRACT: Males of the wasp Scolia dubia search for emerging females by flying low over the ground in areas, such as lawns, that contain the immature scarab beetles upon which the grubs feed. When an adult female emerges and is discovered by a searching male, other males often join the discoverer, forming a frenzied ball of males around the female. When captured along with these males by an observer, a freshly emerged female continues to attract males even after she has mated, presumably because her scent continues to be detected by other males. Some males of S. dubia also search for mates in shrubs and trees encircling a lawn as shown by the sexual response of these males to a frozen but thawed female placed in a shrub or tree known to be visited by flying males. Male flight activity peaks around midday but then diminishes as the afternoon proceeds.
Epigenetics and Toxic Torts: How Epidemiological Evidence Informs Causation

Table of contentsI. Introduction 1020II. Scientific Background 1024A. Gene Expression and the Epigenome 1024B. Heritability of Epigenetic Change 1029C. Epigenetics and Disease 1030III. Using Scientific Evidence to Prove Causation 1033A. Overview of Causation 1033B. The Role of Epidemiological Studies and Scientific Parameters 10341. Relative Risk 10362. Dose-Response Curves 1040IV. Alternative Models of Causation in Toxic Torts 1042A. Merging General and Specific Causation 1042B. Substantial Factor 1044C. Sufficient-to-Have-Caused 1045D. Increased Risk 1046E. Other Alternatives 1049V. Adapting Causation Doctrine to Epigenetic Evidence 1051A. Evidentiary Issues 1053B. Increased Risk Framework 1055C. Addressing General and Specific Causation 1056D. Difficulties and Alternative Solutions 1058VI. Conclusion 1060I. IntroductionConsider the recent tragedy in Flint, Michigan, resulting from a contaminated water supply.1 After Flint switched from Detroit's water supply to water from the Flint River, its water became tainted with high levels of lead, trihalomethanes, and copper-some exceeding the limits in federal regulations.2 Flint is a poor city with a majority black population.3 Indeed, financial need drove the decision to switch water supplies in the first place.4 Instead of saving Flint money, this choice may now prove far more costly to both the city and the state of Michigan.5 More importantly, it burdens the population with lead levels that are almost twice as high as they were before the switch, among other devastating impacts.6Lead exposure causes irreversible damage, including behavioral change and neurological impacts, immunotoxicity, and "toxicity to the reproductive organs."7 These harms are especially acute for children exposed to lead-like the children in Flint.8 Recent scientific research shows that the children in Flint will face not only physical symptoms, but also changes to how their genetic code operates.9 Lead exposure causes changes in gene expression that "may not only have immediate dire consequences for brain development, but may also have effects that persist after the initial exposure."10 Flint's population now suffers from changes in gene expression predisposing them to neurological diseases like Alzheimer's.11 Sadly, the children exposed to lead in Flint may even pass this predisposition for disease to their grandchildren and great-grandchildren.12To obtain compensation for these harms through the legal system, an exposed child in Flint-or her descendants-would face the obstacle of proving the causal chain between exposure and disease onset.13 Toxic tort cases create unique challenges for the traditional tort causation model.14 Plaintiffs often must prove factual cause in tort through "but-for" causation.15 Yet in toxic tort cases, courts typically go beyond this standard to require proof of both general and specific causation.16 General causation considers "whether the substance at issue had the capacity to cause the harm alleged. …
Synergistic cell death in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia by combined treatment with metformin and 6-benzylthioinosine

Current therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) primarily includes high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy with or without allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Targeting unique cellular metabolism of cancer cells is a potentially less toxic approach. Monotherapy with mitochondrial inhibitors like metformin have met with limited success since escape mechanisms such as increased glycolytic ATP production, especially in hyperglycemia, can overcome the metabolic blockade. As an alternative strategy for metformin therapy, we hypothesized that the combination of 6-benzylthioinosine (6-BT), a broad-spectrum metabolic inhibitor, and metformin could block this drug resistance mechanism. Metformin treatment alone resulted in significant suppression of ROS and mitochondrial respiration with increased glycolysis accompanied by modest cytotoxicity (10-25%). In contrast, 6-BT monotherapy resulted in inhibition of glucose uptake, decreased glycolysis, and decreased ATP with minimal changes in ROS and mitochondrial respiration. The combination of 6-BT with metformin resulted in significant cytotoxicity (60-70%) in monocytic AML cell lines and was associated with inhibition of FLT3-ITD activated STAT5 and reduced c-Myc and GLUT-1 expression. Therefore, although the anti-tumor and metabolic effects of metformin have been limited by the metabolic reprogramming within cells, the novel combination of 6-BT and metformin targets this bypass mechanism resulting in reduced glycolysis, STAT5 inhibition, and increased cell death.
Pre-equilibrium α Decay in O 16 + Al 27 Collisions at 65 MeV

The mechanism of the reaction $^{27}\mathrm{Al}(^{16}\mathrm{O}, ^{12}\mathrm{C}\ensuremath{\alpha})^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ at 65.6-MeV incident energy has been examined with use of coincidence techniques. It is shown that the broad bell-shaped peak observed in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ singles spectra corresponds to an $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-transfer-like process leading to fixed excitation energy in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$+$^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ system. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ angular correlation, however, is forward-peaked along the momentum-transfer direction, suggesting that the decay time of the system is less than required for equilibration into $^{31}\mathrm{P}$.
Embedded or Liberated? An Exploration into the Social Milieu of Delhi

Urban areas are long been seen as catalysts for social change not only in situ, but also in the surrounding rural areas. In general, cities are expected to rise above the regional constraints and behave independently as far as their social ambiences are concerned. They are essentially looked upon as socially modern entities allowing urbanites to escape from the shackles of traditional norms and customs. However, there are contrasting evidences and arguments suggesting that cities may not have universally applicable attributes and much depends upon their region-specific evolutionary trajectories. In India, for example, urbanization process has been quite different and is a result of historically evolved social, cultural and economic processes whereby the rural relations did not change radically enough to create an alienated uprooted peasantry that could occupy the cities. The close and dependent relation between cities and villages led to the formation of an internal organic relationship between the two entities, that is, they tend to follow the socio-cultural patterns of the social spaces in which they are situated rather than having distinct social characteristics. The present article tries to locate the cities in their regional context, with a special focus on Delhi. Delhi shares the boundary with two major states and in spite of its metropolitan culture is set in the north Indian socio-spatial space. In this sense, it is different from Kolkata and Chennai, which are more regionally rooted. In spite of sharing Delhi’s metropolitan culture, Mumbai and Bangalore are part of a different socio-spatial context. The present analysis attempts to examine Delhi’s socio-spatial embeddedness compared to those of the other metropolitan cities. The paper engages in detail with capital city of Delhi as a case for examining the social embeddedness.
Self-efficacy and Perceived Organizational Support by Workers in a Youth Development Setting

The efficacy levels of workers in the youth development field can significantly impact the work done with youth. These levels may be impacted by workers’ perceptions of administrative occupational support at their organization. To date, limited research exists that examines youth work efficacy levels, and no research studies exist analyzing the relationship between youth workers’ efficacy levels and perceived organizational support. The current study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and the perceived organizational support felt by workers in a youth development setting. A total of 198 surveys were completed; results indicated that youth work efficacy was significantly related to perceived organizational support. This study is important to enhancing the body of knowledge regarding self-efficacy levels of workers in a youth development setting, as well as understanding motivation and self-confidence of youth development professionals.
Effects of Tissue Culture and Mycorrhiza Applications in Organic Farming on Concentrations of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacities in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Rhizomes and Leaves

Tissue culture and mycorrhiza applications can provide disease-free seedlings and enhanced nutrient absorption, respectively, for organic farming. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is rich in phytochemicals and has various health-protective potentials. This study was aimed at determining effects of tissue culture and mycorrhiza applications alone or in combinations in organic farming on phytochemical contents (total phenolics and flavonoids [TP and TF, respectively], gingerol and shogaol homologues, phenolic acids, and carotenoids) and antioxidant capacities (DPPH [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance (ORAC), and iron-chelating capacities [ICC]) in solvent-extractable (Free) and cell-wall-matrix-bound (Bound) fractions of ginger rhizome and Free fraction of the leaves in comparison with non-organics. Concentrations of the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities, except for carotenoids and ICC, were significantly higher in organic ginger rhizomes and leaves than in non-organics regardless of the fractions and treatments (P < 0.05). Mycorrhiza application in organic farming significantly increased levels of TP, TF, gingerols, and ORAC in the Free fraction of the rhizome (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the combined application of tissue culture and mycorrhiza significantly increased concentrations of TF and gingerols and ORAC in the Free fraction of the rhizome (P < 0.05), suggesting their synergistic effects. Considerable amounts of phenolics were found in the Bound fractions of the rhizomes. Six-gingerol, ferulic acid, and lutein were predominant ones among gingerols, phenolic acids, and carotenoids, respectively, in ginger rhizomes. The results suggest that organic farming with mycorrhiza and tissue culture applications can increase concentrations of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in ginger rhizomes and leaves and therefore improve their health-protective potentials.
The Wright Brothers. By David McCullough. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2015. Pp. 320. $30.00.)

The Wright brothers invented the first practical airplane. Their momentous and historic first successful flights of a heavier‐than‐air, powered, piloted, controlled airplane on 17 December 1903, at...
Effects of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity Parameterization on the Evolution of Landfalling Hurricanes

AbstractAs a result of rapid changes in surface conditions when a landfalling hurricane moves from ocean to land, interactions between the hurricane and surface heat and moisture fluxes become essential components of its evolution and dissipation. With a research version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF), this study examines the effects of the vertical eddy diffusivity in the boundary layer on the evolution of three landfalling hurricanes (Dennis, Katrina, and Rita in 2005).Specifically, the parameterization scheme of eddy diffusivity for momentum Km is adjusted with the modification of the mixed-layer velocity scale in HWRF for both stable and unstable conditions. Results show that the change in the Km parameter leads to improved simulations of hurricane track, intensity, and quantitative precipitation against observations during and after landfall, compared to the simulations with the original Km.Further diagnosis shows that, compared to original Km, the modified Km produces...
The Momentum of Warmaking

The behavior involved in preventing nuclear war by military deterrence overlaps almost entirely with the behavior involved in aggressive warmaking . Moreover, the components of deterrence form an operant class maintained by powerful contingencies of reinforcement. Therefore, any events that raise the probability of the military components of deterrence, such as a show of force in a time of crisis, also raise the probability of war, the very outcome that deterrence is intended to prevent. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki provides a historical example of how military deterrence can shift into aggressive warmaking. Nonviolent alternatives to military deterrence are urgently needed.
Abstract P227: Metformin Inhibits Glucose-Induced mTOR Activation and ER Stress in Rodent Heart

Background: When subjected to increased workload, the heart remodels both metabolically and structurally by increasing glucose metabolism and activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Specifically, glucose activates mTOR in a TSC2-dependent manner. We now examined whether metformin regulation of AMPK, a major upstream regulator of TSC2, modulates mTOR activation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress when hearts are subjected to increased workload. Methods: Working hearts from 12 week old male Sprague Dawley rats were perfused ex vivo (5 mM glucose) at physiologic pre- and afterload. At 30 minutes, the workload was doubled. Hearts were freeze-clamped at 60 minutes. Hearts received either the AMPK activator metformin (10 mM) or the ER stress relieving agent sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (10 mM) directly in the perfusate. Rates of glucose uptake and oxidation were measured with radiolabeled substrate (3H, 14C). Cardiac power, the mTOR signaling pathway, and markers of ER stress were assessed. Results: With increased workload rates of glucose uptake and oxidation doubled, with rates of glucose uptake exceeding those of glucose oxidation. Neither metformin nor sodium 4-phenylbutyrate significantly changed those rates. In control hearts, there was a downregulation of AMPK, an activation of mTOR, an induction of ER stress, and a decline in contractile function. Perfusion with media containing metformin activated AMPK, prevented glucose-mediated mTOR activation, alleviated ER stress and improved cardiac function (25% increase in cardiac power). In a separate group of animals nearly identical findings were obtained when metformin (300 mg/kg/day) was administered in vivo for one week. The functional improvement was also observed when ER stress was directly relieved with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, as well. Conclusion: Our results implicate a critical role for glucose metabolism and AMPK in load-induced mTOR activation. Metformin improves contractile function in rat hearts subjected to increased workload by relieving ER stress. The relief of ER stress by metformin suggests previously unrecognized beneficial effects of AMPK activation in the hemodynamically stressed heart.
Contaminated Groundwater in Karst: Why Is It an Issue? An Introduction to the KWI San Juan Conference

The Karst Waters Institute sponsored a conference on karst groundwater contamination and its impacts on public health. The objective was to facilitate communication between hydrogeologists and the biomedical community, especially those dealing with public health issues. This volume contains the papers presented at the conference.
The Quantum Free Particle as a Representation of the Euclidean Group

The quantum theory of a free particle is intimately connected to the representation theory of the group of symmetries of space and time. This is well known for relativistic theories, where it is the representation theory of the Poincare group that is relevant, a topic that will be discussed in chapter 42. It is less well known that even in the non-relativistic case, the Euclidean group E(3) of symmetries of space plays a similar role, with irreducible representations of E(3) corresponding to free particle quantum theories for a fixed value of the energy.
Bodies as Borderwork: From Cartographic Distance to Cosmopolitan Concern in Bapsi Sidhwa's Ice-Candy-Man and Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines

The child protagonists Lenny in Bapsi Sidhwa's Ice-Candy-Man (1988) and the unnamed child in Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines (1988) witness the immediate and longue duree losses and violence of Par...
A multiple-grid-time-step lattice Boltzmann method for transport phenomena with dissimilar time scales: Application in dendritic solidification

Abstract In this paper, a multiple-grid-time-step model was developed for lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations when combined transport equations need to be solved, so that the time step and grid size can be selected independently for each transport domain. The proposed multiple-grid-time-step technique was applied for modeling dendritic solidification of metallic alloys which involves a combination of transport phenomena occurring over different time and length scales. Momentum, solute and heat transfer equations with dissimilar diffusive properties were solved to model growth of a single dendrite. When dendrite growth is simulated under diffusive and convective transport, significant computational saving is achieved by applying the multiple-grid-time-step technique. When the heat transport equation is added, a high Lewis number requires the multiple-grid-time-step model in order to achieve a stable solution of the LB equations. In this case, it is shown that either a smaller time step or a larger grid size for the heat transfer domain compared to the solute transfer domain can stabilize the solution. The computing time is discussed for various cases. It is shown how the proposed model can significantly improve the computational efficiency when multiple transport equations with dissimilar properties need to be solved using the LB method.
An Assessment of Wal-Mart's Global Expansion Strategy in the Light of its Domestic Strategy

Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, has globalized its operations to sell to underserved markets and to gain the earnings growth demanded by its shareholders. Wal-Mart dominates the U.S. market and derives 24% of its sales from 14 international markets. It achieved early success in Mexico, Canada and later in the U.K. It failed with market entries into Germany, South Korea, Hong Kong and Indonesia. Its success in other markets is yet to be decided. Wal-Mart's domestic strategy can be reduced to five factors, many of which are not possible in global markets. Wal-Mart claims that its global policy is one of transporting its domestic strategy factors globally, yet its history shows inconsistencies in achieving this. We assess Wal-Mart's global network and suggest some host nations where Wal-Mart might do well. The key goal of this paper is to highlight the surprising gap between Wal-Mart's domestic and global strategy.
Expanding the repertoire of helical bundles: Stabilization of five+ helical bundles

Naturally occurring aggregates composed of two to four -helices are quite common in nature, and the de novo design of peptides that self-assemble into two-to-four helix coiled coils or bundles has been highly successful [1-4]. Naturally occurring, soluble proteins that contain assemblies of five or more helices are considerably less common, but examples include the pentameric helical bundle of the cartilage oligomerization matrix protein [5] and the helical assembly formed at the interface of the hexameric form of insulin [6]. Efforts to design larger helical bundles are also less common, although a pentamer [7,8] and a hexamer [9] have been described.
AAV-Mediated Progranulin Delivery to a Mouse Model of Progranulin Deficiency Causes T Cell-Mediated Toxicity.

Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement is emerging as a safe and effective means of correcting single-gene mutations affecting the CNS. AAV-mediated progranulin gene (GRN) delivery has been proposed as a treatment for GRN-deficient frontotemporal dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and recent studies using intraparenchymal AAV-Grn delivery to brain have shown moderate success in histopathologic and behavioral rescue in mouse models. Here, we used AAV9 to deliver GRN to the lateral ventricle to achieve widespread expression in the Grn null mouse brain. We found that, despite a global increase in progranulin, overexpression resulted in dramatic and selective hippocampal toxicity and degeneration affecting neurons and glia. Hippocampal degeneration was preceded by T cell infiltration and perivascular cuffing. GRN delivery with an ependymal-targeting AAV for selective secretion of progranulin into the cerebrospinal fluid similarly resulted in T cell infiltration, as well as ependymal hypertrophy. Interestingly, overexpression of GRN in wild-type animals also provoked T cell infiltration. These results call into question the safety of GRN overexpression in the CNS, with evidence for both a region-selective immune response and cellular proliferative response. Our results highlight the importance of careful consideration of target gene biology and cellular response to overexpression prior to progressing to the clinic.
Development of a new parameter optimization scheme for a reactive force field based on a machine learning approach

Reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is performed using a reactive force field (ReaxFF). To this end, we developed a new method to optimize the ReaxFF parameters based on a machine learning approach. This approach combines the k-nearest neighbor and random forest regressor algorithm to efficiently locate several possible ReaxFF parameter sets. As a pilot test of the developed approach, the optimized ReaxFF parameter set was applied to perform chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of an α-Al2 O3 crystal. The crystal structure of α-Al2 O3 was reasonably reproduced even at a relatively high temperature (2000 K). The reactive MD simulation suggests that the (11 2 ¯ 0) surface grows faster than the (0001) surface, indicating that the developed parameter optimization technique could be used for understanding the chemical reaction in the CVD process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical Simulation Models in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A New Concept in 3-Dimensional Modeling for Removal of Impacted Third Molars

A medical-grade computed tomography scan of a mandible was obtained. A DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) series was exported in 1-mm slices and digitally 3-dimensionally reconstructed to create a stereolithography file. The mandible stereolithography file was digitally manipulated to create sites for simulated placement of third molar teeth and then 3-dimensionally printed in a plastic material. Third molar tooth models were coated in red box wax, simulating a ligament space, and then submerged into the mandible site using laboratory stone. A layer of GI-Mask (Coltene/Whaldent AG, Altstatten, Switzerland) was placed over the impacted third molar site for soft tissue simulation.
Resilient MMW-RoF Network Enabled by Implementation of Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding

Tomlinson-Harashima precoding is proposed to relax the requirements of device bandwidth, linearity, and power consumption for resilient MMW-RoF network. A 16.8-dB BER improvement is experimentally demonstrated by the proposed precoding scheme subjecting to bandlimited operations.
Performance Analysis of Convex Data Detection in MIMO

We study the performance of a convex data detection method in large multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The goal is to recover an n-dimensional complex signal whose entries are from an arbitrary constellation $\mathcal{D} \subset \mathbb{C}$, using m noisy linear measurements. Since the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation involves minimizing a loss function over the discrete set ${\mathcal{D}^n}$, it becomes computationally intractable for large n. One approach is to relax to a $\mathcal{D}$ convex set and to utilize convex programing to solve the problem precise and then to map the answer to the closest point in the set $\mathcal{D}$. We assume an i.i.d. complex Gaussian channel matrix and derive expressions for the symbol error probability of the proposed convex method in the limit of m, n → ∞. Prior work was only able to do so for real valued constellations such as BPSK and PAM. The main contribution of this paper is to extend the results to complex valued constellations. In particular, we use our main theorem to calculate the performance of the complex algorithm for PSK and QAM constellations. In addition, we introduce a closed-form formula for the symbol error probability in the high-SNR regime and determine the minimum number of measurements m required for consistent signal recovery.
Evaluating dedicated exhaust gas recirculation on a stoichiometric industrial natural gas engine

Due to the market presence that natural gas has and is expected to have in the future energy sector, research and development of novel natural gas combustion strategies to increase power density, l...
Feasibility of an augmented reality cardiopulmonary resuscitation training system for health care providers.

Abstract Aim of the study Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to offer a novel approach to CPR training that supplements conventional training methods with gamification and a more interactive learning experience. This is done through computer-generated imagery superimposed on users’ view of the real environment to simulate interactive training scenarios. We sought to test the feasibility of an AR CPR training system (CPReality) for health care providers (HCPs). Methods In this feasibility trial, a CPR training manikin was integrated with a commercial AR device (Microsoft HoloLens) to provide participants with real-time audio-visual feedback via a holographic overlay of blood flow to vital organs dependent on CC quality. In this system, higher quality CC visually improved virtual blood circulation. HCPs performed a 2-minute cycle of hands-only CPR using only the AR system, and CC parameters were recorded. Descriptive data on participants’ demographics, CC quality, and satisfaction with the training environment were reported using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results Between 10/2018–11/2018, we enrolled a convenience sample of 51 HCPs. The median age of participants was 31 years (IQR 27–41), 71% (36/51) were female, and 67% (34/51) were registered nurses. CC rates (mean 126 ± 12.9 cpm), depths (median 53 mm, IQR 46–58), and percent with complete recoil (median 80%, IQR 12–100) were consistent with guideline recommendations for good quality CPR. Participants were predominantly satisfied with the system, with 82% perceiving the experience as realistic, 98% recognizing the visualizations as helpful for training, and 94% willing to use the application in future CPR training. Conclusions As AR is increasingly applied in the healthcare setting, integration in CPR training offers a novel and promising educational approach. In this convenience sample of trained HCPs, high quality CC delivery was feasible using the AR CPR training system which was received favorably by most participants.
Alder Distribution and Expansion Across a Tundra Hillslope: Implications for Local N Cycling.

Increases in the availability of nitrogen (N) may have consequences for plant growth and nutrient cycling in N-limited tundra plant communities. We investigated the impact alder (Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa), an N-fixing deciduous shrub, has on tundra N cycling at a hillslope located on Alaska’s Seward Peninsula. We quantified N fixation using 15N2 incubations within two distinct alder communities at this site: alder shrublands located on well-drained, rocky outcroppings in the uplands and alder savannas located in water tracks along the moist toeslope of the hill. Annual N fixation rates in alder shrublands were 1.95 ± 0.68 g N m-2 yr-1, leading to elevated N levels in adjacent soils and plants. Alder savannas had lower N fixation rates (0.53 ± 0.19 g N m-2 yr-1), perhaps due to low phosphorus availability and poor drainage in these highly organic soil profiles underlain by permafrost. In addition to supporting higher rates of N fixation, tall-statured alder shrublands had different foliar traits than relatively short-statured alder in savannas, providing an opportunity to link N fixation to remotely-sensed variables. We were able to generate a map of the alder shrubland distribution at this site using a multi-sensor fusion approach. The change in alder shrubland distribution through time was also determined from historic aerial and satellite imagery. Analysis of historic imagery showed that the area of alder shrublands at this site has increased by 40% from 1956 to 2014. We estimate this increase in alder shrublands was associated with a 22% increase in N fixation. Our results suggest that expansion of alder shrublands has the potential to substantially alter N cycling, increase plant productivity, and redistribute C storage in upland tundra regions. An improved understanding of the consequences of N fixation within N-limited tundra plant communities will therefore be crucial for predicting the biogeochemistry of these warming ecosystems.
Abstract P140: The Role of Pumpkin Flesh in Reducing Mean Arterial Pressure in a Genetic Rat Model for Hypertension

Objective: ACE inhibitors (ACEi) remain the most commonly prescribed medication; lowering blood pressure, increasing bradykinin levels and decreasing cardiac hypertrophy. A demographic-specific bra...
Self-decompressing FPGA Bitstreams

SRAM based FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) are volatile devices, and need to reload its configuration (bitstream) every time after power up. Bitstream compression is one of the major method to reduce the cost of storing the configuration storage and speed up configuration. However, existing complete bitstream (as compared to partial bitstream) compression methods require an external decompresser implemented either in another FPGA or CPU. This drawback prevents deployment of bitstream compression to already in-field systems. This paper drew inspiration from self-extracting archive, and utilizes the self partial reconfiguration capabilities of modern FPGAs to create a self-decompressing FPGA bitstreams so that the decompression engine is located inside the compressed bitstream itself. Analysis showed that this method will never increase the size of bitstream, and can achieve configuration time reduction whenever the compression ratio is smaller than 7/9 and the configuration reduction scales almost linearly with the compression ratio. Furthermore, the paper shows that by using bitstream assembly techniques, it is possible to choose the compression algorithm after building the target bitstream, therefore, the best compression ratio can be achieved given a pool of available decompression engines.
Does Transfusion of Red Blood Cells Impact Germline Genetic Test Results

Background: Molecular genetic testing is increasingly utilized in clinical care, typically with peripheral blood as the preferred specimen. Despite the prevalence of therapeutic blood transfusions, whether donor DNA is present in a sufficient quantity to interfere with recipient genetic testing has not been systematically studied. Microchimerism secondary to transfusion of blood products with donor leukocytes has been well-documented in trauma patients receiving whole blood; however, most medical centers currently transfuse leukoreduced (LR) red blood cell products for non-trauma patients. The degree of leukoreduction varies among centers, but to meet AABB standards must be Methods: We performed an in vitro spiking study utilizing four whole blood units collected from different anonymous donors. Three were leukoreduced at varying levels in order to establish a LR (per our institutional guidelines and standards), a partially leukoreduced (PLR) and a NLR unit, which were then considered “donors”. The 4th unit was divided to generate two separate “recipients”. The first half was left untreated simulating an immunocompetent recipient while the other was leukoreduced to mimic a leukopenic recipient. Based on a 70 kg patient, we calculated the volume of blood from each “donor” to mix with aliquots of each “recipient” to represent a transfusion of 2, 5, or 16 units, with 2 units corresponding to a double apheresis red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and 16 units corresponding to a near total volume transfusion. DNA was extracted from each individual unit as well as all “transfused” combinations within 24 hours of mixing. Chimerism analysis was then performed by STR analysis using the GlobalFiler PCR amplification kit followed by ChimerMarker analysis software. Results: None of the LR units, despite volume transfused, revealed any level of microchimerism in either the immunocompetent or leukopenic “recipients”. The PLR transfused combinations displayed levels ranging from 0.14% to 1.52% of donor chimerism for the immunocompetent “recipient”, which is below the limit of detection for most clinical assays evaluating germline genetic variation, and 6.3% to 27.78% of donor chimerism for the leukopenic “recipient”, which would be expected to impact a subset of clinical genetic assays. The NLR transfused combinations displayed levels ranging from 13.28% to 95.66% of donor chimerism. Discussion: In vitro “transfusion” of LR RBCs into simulated immunocompetent or leukopenic samples does not lead to detectable donor DNA. However, “transfusion” of PLR and NLR units in an in vitro model reveals significant levels of microchimerism dependent on volume transfused and immune status of the “recipient” which implies possible risk for impact on clinical genetic tests. The minimum time required for clearance of donor leukocytes in the recipient is unknown; we were unable to fully evaluate this and other variables in our in vitro system, but follow-up in vivo studies addressing this question are planned. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Beauty, Wisdom, and Handiwork in Proverbs 31:10–31

The book of Proverbs concludes with an alphabetic acrostic that describes and praises its feminine subject (Prov 31:10–31). The poem’s praise closes with a generalized critique of beauty, its deceptiveness and short-lived nature (v. 30). What function does this critique of beauty serve in light of the praise of the woman and her deeds? How do the poem and, specifically, this critique of beauty function in the broader organization of the book of Proverbs? This study argues that the poem rejects innate beauty in favor of acquired wisdom, a message that can be found elsewhere in Proverbs. The poem rejects beauty through an appeal to a rhetorical device—the “totalizing description”—which is used elsewhere to argue for a subject’s beauty or perfection. Through the structure of the alphabetic acrostic, the poem carefully embeds its message of willed action and acquired wisdom; using a description of the woman’s successive deeds, the poem shows how each deed leads to the enduring success of the woman’s family, her community, and the subsequent generation.