cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronostoma claireae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Oxyuridomorpha: Coronostomatidae) from the Indigenous Milliped Narceus gordanus (Chamberlain, 1943) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) in Ocala National Forest, Florida

Twenty-four individuals of Narceus gordanus (Diplopoda: Spirobolidae) were collected in Ocala National Forest, FL, between November 2013 and July 2014. Each specimen was dissected to extract the intestine, which was removed and examined for parasitic nematodes. Coronostoma claireae n. sp. was collected from the hindgut and midgut of 10 specimens, and its morphology was examined with brightfield, differential interference contrast, phase contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. This species is separated from other Coronostoma spp. by the following characteristics: body length less than 3 mm; head sense organs pit-like; first annule long, extending past middle of corpus, width similar to that of second annule; basal bulb pyriform; eggs larger than 60 × 50 µm. This species is the first North American record for the genus Coronostoma, which is removed from Thelastomatoidea: Thelastomatidae and reassigned to Coronostomatidae on the basis of presumed apomorphies. A key is provided for known Coronostoma spp. The superfamily Coronostomatoidea is re-established for Coronostomatidae and Traklosiidae.
Do students view environmental sustainability as important in their job search? Differences and similarities across culture

Organisations are increasingly concerned about environmental sustainability; yet, there is little international research on how ecological values influence job-seekers' attraction to organisations and intentions to pursue a job. This study examines the influence of environmental sustainability in recruiting by exploring variances in perceptions between students from the USA, India, and China. This study identifies overall differences in respondents from these countries. A distinct difference in how students view environmental values and where responsibility for the environment is placed is noted across different cultures. Despite the differences, findings support a consistent relationship among respondents from all three countries: students who perceive ecological values as being important also view organisations with environmental sustainability values as more attractive and as someplace they would be more likely to pursue employment. Therefore, organisations with environmental sustainability values may have more ability to hire individuals who will help support their organisational efforts.
Inhibition of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli by Homofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria in Skimmilk

Behavior of enteropathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli was determined when they were grown in skimmilk with and without 0.25 or 2.0% added lactic starter and incubated at 21 or 32 C for 15 h, and then after refrigeration at 7 C. With no lactics present, generation times for E. coli ranged from 28 to 35 min at 32 C and from 66 to 109 min at 21 C. At 32 C, after an initial 1- to 3-log increase in numbers and 6 to 9 h of incubation, E. coli was completely inhibited by both concentrations of starter culture. Complete inhibition of growth by E. coli occurred earlier at 32 than at 21 C, but smaller numbers of E. coli were obtained at 21 C; some strains virtually did not grow. The final pH of fermented milks ranged from 4.4 to 4.6. The longest survival time for E. coli in refrigerated fermented milk was about 17 days when milk was fermented at 32 C with 0.25% starter. A combination of lower incubation temperature (21 C) and higher starter concentration (2.0%) was most effective in controlling...
A hybrid approach for the treatment of persistent sciatic artery aneurysms

Persistent sciatic arteries are a rare but clinically significant vascular etiology of lower extremity arterial aneurysms leading to distal embolization and limb ischemia. We present the case of a 60-year-old man with a symptomatic persistent left sciatic artery aneurysm with a hypoplastic superficial femoral artery who was successfully treated with a hybrid open and endovascular technique. This consisted of a surgical bypass from the common femoral artery to the above-knee popliteal artery with prosthetic graft combined with retrograde endovascular embolization of the sciatic artery aneurysm.
Measuring performance of peer prediction mechanisms using replicator dynamics

Peer prediction is the problem of eliciting private, but correlated, information from agents. By rewarding an agent for the amount that their report "predicts" that of another agent, mechanisms can promote effort and truthful reports. A common concern in peer prediction is the multiplicity of equilibria, perhaps including high-payoff equilibria that reveal no information. Rather than assume agents counterspeculate and compute an equilibrium, we adopt replicator dynamics as a model for population learning. We take the size of the basin of attraction of the truthful equilibrium as a proxy for the robustness of truthful play. We study different mechanism designs, using models estimated from real peer evaluations in several massive online courses. Among other observations, we confirm that recent mechanisms present a significant improvement in robustness over earlier approaches.
Geriatric Telemental Health in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is a national leader in the development and implementation of telemental health. This chapter summarizes the influential contributions of the VHA in the delivery of telemental health to veterans across the country. VHA has developed strategies to provide telemental health to specific groups including rural veterans, homebound veterans, and veterans with cognitive disabilities. The benefits of telemental health including greater access to quality care and patient satisfaction are discussed. Telehealth training modalities for psychiatry residents and other trainees are discussed. Limitations of telemental health including space limitations, privacy, and other factors are examined. VHA’s expertise and innovations in telehealth provision serve as a national model for telehealth implementation.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of the Major Histocompati-Bility Antigen in the Chicken

In a number of mammalian species it is well documented that the immune responses to a variety of antigens are controlled by the major histocompatibility gene complex (1–4). Several laboratories have recently shown that in the chicken as in mammals, the major histocompatibility complex controls various immune responses (5–10). These observations have resulted in increasing efforts in the study of the structure and in the elucidation of the function of the major histocompatibility complex and its various gene products.
A Family Systems Perspective in Prisoner Reentry

This chapter examines theories about family systems applicable to the prisoner reentry process. Specifically, the focus is on adults released from incarceration and the nature of family reintegration under these circumstances. Literature and data from criminal justice and social work are explored, along with lessons learned through analogous family reintegration circumstances. The chapter begins with an overview of family systems, role, and adaptation constructs, exploring the nature of families as dynamic systems and how they might experience a member’s incarceration and community reentry. The discussion next analyzes prisoner visitation evidence related to preserving family connectedness. Ideas for meeting the special needs of these families are then explored. Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning practice, policy, and future directions for research.
Understanding Learner Talk About Writing: The Second Language Peer Response (L2PR) Corpus

In the next three chapters (Part IV, Chaps. 11, 12, and 13), we examine spoken learner language by exploring the patterns of social interaction in a corpus of university-level ESL students’ spoken feedback to each other about their writing in a first-year composition course, as well as by triangulating corpus findings with student writing and student interviews. This task, called peer response, is widely used by practitioners and has been thoroughly examined by language learning theorists and researchers. The current chapter reviews relevant literature on learner interaction from SLA and L2 Writing traditions, and argues for a corpus-based approach to further examine these interactions. It also describes the compilation and composition of Roberson’s (2015) Second Language Peer Response (L2PR) Corpus.
Multimorbidity is associated with increased rates of depression in patients hospitalized with diabetes mellitus in the United States

Abstract Aims Information on the burden and risk factors for diabetes-depression comorbidity in the US is sparse. We used data from the largest all-payer, nationally-representative inpatient database in the US to estimate the prevalence, temporal trends, and risk factors for comorbid depression among adult diabetic inpatients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using the 2002–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases. Depression and other comorbidities were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between patient characteristics and depression. Results The rate of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes increased from 7.6% in 2002 to 15.4% in 2014, while for type 1 diabetes the rate increased from 8.7% in 2002 to 19.6% in 2014. The highest rates of depression were observed among females, non-Hispanic whites, younger patients, and patients with five or more chronic comorbidities. Conclusions The prevalence of comorbid depression among diabetic inpatients in the US is increasing rapidly. Although some portion of this increase could be explained by the rising prevalence of multimorbidity, increased awareness and likelihood of diagnosis of comorbid depression by physicians and better documentation as a result of the increased adoption of electronic health records likely contributed to this trend.
The Nervous System and Addictions: Essentials for Clinicians

Understanding neurobiology forms a strong foundation for investigating addictive behavior. Brain structure is briefly discussed, including major cortical and subcortical structures, white matter pathways, other vital systems, and cellular components. The mesocorticolimbic system and dopamine are discussed in light of psychoactive substances. Mesocorticolimbic changes have been documented in the transition from recreational substance use to chronic dependence, reflecting a change from the basic positive reinforcement of initial use to the development of a negative reinforcement paradigm due to the avoidance of negative withdrawal consequences. Anticipation and craving reflect persistent changes in the mesolimbic system attributable to substance dependence. Not only do mesolimbic systemic operations alter in the presence of substances, but responses to substances within the structures themselves also appear to change. These principles are applied to the practical understanding of pathological compulsive behaviors, including gambling and hoarding, and the chapter then closes with a brief discussion of the societal value of insight into the neurological effects of substances.
Kv7 potassium channels as signal transduction intermediates in the control of microvascular tone.

Potassium channels are recognized as important regulators of cellular functions in most, if not all cell types. These cellular proteins assemble to form gated pores in the plasma membrane, which serve to regulate the flow of potassium ions (K+) from the cytosol to the extracellular space. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the open state of potassium channels enables the efflux of K+ and thereby establishes a negative resting voltage across the plasma membrane that inhibits the opening of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (VSCCs). Under these conditions, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are relatively low and Ca2+-dependent contraction is inhibited. Recent research has identified Kv7 family potassium channels as important contributors to resting membrane voltage in VSMCs, with much of the research focusing on the effects of drugs that specifically activate or block these channels to produce corresponding effects on VSMC contraction and vascular tone. Increasingly, evidence is emerging that these channels are not just good drug targets—they are also essential intermediates in vascular signal transduction, mediating vasoconstrictor or vasodilator responses to a variety of physiological stimuli. This review will summarize recent research findings that support a crucial function of Kv7 channels in both positive (vasoconstrictive) and negative (vasorelaxant) regulation of microvascular tone. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
“On‐Droplet” Chemistry: The Cycloaddition of Diethyl Azodicarboxylate and Quadricyclane

Sharpless and coworkers previously studied the [2σ + 2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and quadricyclane and reported that the addition of water to the neat reagents caused an acceleration in the reaction rate, giving birth to what has been called "on-water" chemistry. We have examined the same reaction in aqueous microdroplets (ca. 5 µm diameter) and find that the cycloaddition reaction is accelerated even further (by a factor of 102) compared to that of the "on-water" reaction reported previously. The trends of acceleration in solvents other than water demonstrated by Sharpless and colleagues were replicated in the corresponding microdroplet experiments. We also find that DEAD reacts with itself to form a variety of hydrazine carboxylates and intercept intermediates of this reaction in microdroplets to validate a mechanism proposed herein. We suggest that "on-droplet" chemistry, similar to "on-water" chemistry, may be a general process of synthetic interest.
Optimal portfolio execution under time-varying liquidity constraints

In this article, we take an algorithmic approach to solve the problem of optimal execution under time-varying constraints on the depth of a limit order book (LOB). Our algorithms are within the res...
Incidence, demographics, and outcomes of nonoperative management of appendicitis in the United States

Abstract Background Appendicitis is the most common intraabdominal surgical emergency in the United States, with over 250,000 cases each year. Several recent studies have evaluated the efficacy of nonoperative management of appendicitis. We measured changes in the treatment of appendicitis in the United States from 1998 to 2014 and evaluated outcomes in the contemporary cohort of appendicitis cases from 2010 to 2014. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was queried for cases with a principal diagnosis of appendicitis. Cases with peritoneal abscesses were excluded. We determined trends in management and then compared cases managed nonoperatively versus those managed with early operation for demographics and outcomes including mortality, total charges, and length of stay using univariate analysis, binary logistic regression analysis, and case-control matching. Results Although early operation remains the dominant treatment for acute appendicitis in the United States, there is an accelerating trend in nonoperative management. Nonoperative management is associated with increased age, number of comorbidities, and inpatient diagnoses. In univariate, multiple regression, and case-control analysis, nonoperative management is associated with decreased total charges but significantly increased risk of mortality. Conclusions Elderly patients and patients with medical comorbidities are more likely to be treated nonoperatively for appendicitis than younger patients. Although previously published data support nonoperative management of appendicitis in low-risk surgical patients, we suggest that elderly or medically complex patients may benefit from early operative treatment of appendicitis and are potentially at risk of poor outcomes from nonoperative management.
Fundus Imaging of AMD

The advancement of the study of retinal diseases has been highly dependent on the expanding ability to image the ocular fundus. Monochromatic and color photography provided a means to photographically record the fundus.
Target-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic electron-nucleon scattering

We estimate the target-normal single-spin asymmetry at near forward angles in elastic electron-nucleon scattering. In the leading-order approximation, this asymmetry is proportional to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange (TPE) amplitude, which can be expressed as an integral over the doubly virtual Compton scattering (VVCS) tensor. We develop a model that parametrizes the VVCS tensor for the case of near forward scattering angles. Our parametrization ensures a proper normalization of the imaginary part of the TPE amplitude on the well-known forward limit expression, which is given in terms of nucleon structure functions measurable in inelastic electron-nucleon scattering experiments. We discuss applicability limits of our theory and provide target-normal single-spin asymmetry predictions for both elastic electron-proton and electron-neutron scattering.
Lawmaking in American Legislatures: an empirical investigation

Given pervasive gridlock at the national level, state legislatures are increasingly the place where notable policy change occurs. Investigating such change is difficult because it is often hard to characterise policy change and use observable data to evaluate theoretical predictions; it is subsequently unclear whether law-making explanations focusing on the US Congress also apply to state legislatures. We use several measures of state policy outcomes to examine lawmaking in state legislatures across nearly two decades, and we argue for using simulation studies to connect theoretical predictions to empirical specifications and help interpret the theoretical relevance of estimated correlations. Doing so reveals that the observed law-making outcomes we study are most consistent with law-making models emphasising the importance of the chamber median and the powers of the governor rather than those that focus on the preferences of the majority party.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of hydrogel spacer in radiotherapy (RT) of prostate cancer (PC).

43Background: A hydrogel rectal spacer (HRS) is an FDA-approved medical device used to increase the separation between the rectum and the prostate. A recent phase III trial demonstrated a small reduction in the incidence of RT toxicities associated with use of HRS. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of HRS use in PC patients undergoing intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods: A multi-state Markov model was constructed to examine the cost-effectiveness of HRS in men with localized PC receiving IMRT in the US (arms: IMRT alone vs. IMRT + HRS). Subgroups included delivery site of IMRT (hospital vs. ambulatory) and baseline sexual function (SF) (general population vs. those with good SF). Based on previous studies, recurrence and survival were assumed equal for both arms. Data on SF, gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities incidence, as well as potential risks associated with HRS implantation were obtained from a recently published clinical trial. Health utilities and costs were de...
Hypoketonuric 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria in five patients with glycogen storage disease

Analysis of urinary organic acids is an important component of the investigation of a patient presenting with hypoglycaemia. We previously reported an organic acid pattern suggestive of a defect in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in a hypoglycaemic infant who was subsequently shown to have glycogen storage disease (GSD) type III (McKusick 232400) (Bergoffen et al 1993). We report here on five additional patients with glycogen storage diseases who, when hypoglycaemic, excreted excessive amounts of C 12 3-hydroxy-dicarboxylic acids suggestive of a long-chain fatty acid oxidation defect.
Endoluminal Ultrasound for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Accurate clinical staging of UTUC remains elusive, and relies heavily on ureteroscopic biopsy grade and other findings as surrogates for predicting final pathologic stage. Endoluminal ultrasound (ELUS) has been used in vascular and nonvascular applications dating back almost 40 years. For the upper tract a small experience has been building. ELUS of the upper tract visualizes primarily the muscularis layer of the ureter, which is seen as a hypoechoic symmetric rim, with the periureteral fat seen beyond it, visualized as a very bright hyperechoic layer. UTUC tumors are seen as hypoechoic masses that are either intraluminal or cause bulging of the collecting system. Invasive disease is suspected when an irregular hypoechoic mass extends into or beyond the muscularis layer and disrupts the hyperechoic layer of periureteral fat. Several limitations remain with ELUS, including probe size and inability to direct the transducer into the mid- or lower calyces. However, a few small, retrospective, single center experiences with small numbers of patients have shown the potential for this modality to improve clinical staging. Any modality that may help better stratify patients to endoscopic management, nephroureterectomy alone, or initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy, deserves further study. Larger multi-institutional efforts will be needed to acquire the data to further characterize the benefits of ELUS for staging of UTUC.
Current status of the sequence studies of the Pseudomonas putida camphor hydroxylase system.

A methylene hydroxylase system from camphor induced Pseudomonas putida has been separated into a putidaredoxin reductase, putidaredoxin (an iron-sulfur protein), and a hydroxylase fraction known as soluble cytochrome P-450 (1). This mixed function oxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of methylene carbon 5 of camphor with reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide as the primary electron donor and with molecular oxygen as the acceptor. The physicochemical and kinetic properties of the hydroxylase system are discussed in review articles by Gunsalus et al (2,3 and see articles by Gunsalus and Sligar in this book).
Facility-level changes in receipt of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder: Implications for implementation science

Abstract Background The U.S. is facing an opioid epidemic, but despite mandates for pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder to be available at Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities, the majority of veterans with opioid use disorder do not receive these medications. In implementation research, facilities are often targeted for qualitative inquiry or quality improvement efforts based on quality measure performance during a one-year period. However, sites that experience quality performance changes from one year to the next may be highly informative because mechanisms that impact facility change may be more discoverable. The current study examined changes in receipt of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder in a national healthcare system to determine the extent to which sites fluctuated in performance over a two-year period and illustrate how changes in quality measures over time may be useful for implementation research and healthcare surveillance of quality measures. Methods Using national VHA data from Fiscal Years (FY) 2016 and 2017, we calculated quality measure performance as the number of patients who received pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder (i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) divided by the number of patients with a current non-remitted opioid use disorder diagnosis for each FY at each facility (n = 129) and examined change from FY16 to FY17. Results The mean rate of receipt of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder was 38% (facility range = 3% to 74%) in FY16 and 41% (facility range = 2% to 76%) in FY17. The average facility-level change in performance was 3% and ranged from −19% to 26%. There were 32 facilities that decreased in provision of pharmacotherapy, 12 facilities with no change, and 85 facilities that increased. Conclusions For facilities with average or high performance, it was difficult to maintain their performance over time. Identifying and learning from facilities with recent fluctuations may be more informative to guide the design of future quality improvement efforts than studying facilities with stable high or low performance.
A Patient‐Centered Approach to Comparative Effectiveness Research Focused on Older Adults: Lessons From the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute

The mission of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is to fund the production of high-quality evidence that will enable patients and clinicians to make informed, personalized healthcare decisions. Since 2012, the PCORI has invested $177 million in patient-centered comparative effectiveness research (CER) that specifically targets the health needs of older adults, with additional relevant studies in its broader portfolio. Developing the PCORI's research portfolio has provided us with significant insights into what factors to consider when conducting CER in older adult populations. When comparing the net benefit of two or more interventions for older adults, investigators should consider the following: absolute risk difference, competing risks, life expectancy, the difference between chronologic and physiologic age, the importance of patient preferences, and other potential drivers of variable treatment effects. Investigators should also engage older adults and their caregivers as partners throughout the research process. Their input helps to identify key outcomes of interest and insights about the conduct of the research. As the PCORI continues to support research that addresses the healthcare decisions of the rapidly growing older adult population, it needs to partner with patients and researchers to identify the most important questions to address. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:21-28, 2019.
Digital manufacturing: requirements and challenges for implementing digital surrogates

A key challenge for manufacturers today is efficiently producing and delivering products on time. Issues include demand for customized products, changes in orders, and equipment status change, complicating the decision-making process. A real-time digital representation of the manufacturing operation would help address these challenges. Recent technology advancements of smart sensors, IoT, and cloud computing make it possible to realize a "digital twin" of a manufacturing system or process. Digital twins or surrogates are data-driven virtual representations that replicate, connect, and synchronize the operation of a manufacturing system or process. They utilize dynamically collected data to track system behaviors, analyze performance, and help make decisions without interrupting production. In this paper, we define digital surrogate, explore their relationships to simulation, digital thread, artificial intelligence, and IoT. We identify the technology and standard requirements and challenges for implementing digital surrogates. A production planning case is used to exemplify the digital surrogate concept.
A dose-response-recovery clustering algorithm for categorizing carbon nanotube variants into toxicologically distinct groups

Abstract This article presents a dose-response clustering algorithm for the purpose of revealing toxicologically distinct clusters of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Current exposure guidelines such as those published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) consider all types of CNTs and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a single substance, even though experimental data have demonstrated significant differences in CNT toxicity. The unique combinations of physical and chemical characteristics cause variations in the observed dose-response-recovery that is substantial enough to consider them as a collection of different substances rather than a single substance. This paper presents an algorithm capable of grouping CNTs into toxicologically distinct clusters assisting in the identification of physicochemical differences between the clusters, and different proposed exposure limits for each of the CNT classes. Based on a dataset composed of peer-reviewed in vivo experimental studies in rodents, the CNT variants are divided into sub-groups based on their dose-response-recovery similarity and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of the family of models. Results indicate the presence of 4 toxicologically unique CNT classes based on 5 toxicity endpoints selected. Certain physicochemical attributes vary significantly between clusters and are more likely to define the categories than others. The potency of the clusters is derived from their associated dose-response-recovery relationship parameters. The clusters with largest potency was found to be between 80 and 400 times more potent than the cluster with the lowest potency indicative of a large spread between the values across all the responses. The absence of key characterization data for some of the CNT variants analyzed in this study prevents the designation of physical characteristic based labels which could have assisted in identifying the key factors affecting the toxic potential of CNTs. The standardized potency of the 4 CNT clusters was compared, 2 clusters showed increased levels of immune response activity, 1 cluster only showed increased cell damage indicators and, 1 cluster displayed both elevated immune response and cell damage indicators based on the short-term endpoints measured in the test subjects.
Tolerance of Sweetpotato to Herbicides Applied in Plant Propagation Beds

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine sweetpotato tolerance to herbicides applied to plant propagation beds. Herbicide treatments included PRE application of flumioxazin (107 g ai ha−1), S-metolachlor (800 g ai ha−1), fomesafen (280 g ai ha−1), flumioxazin plus S-metolachlor (107 g ai ha−1 + 800 g ai ha−1), fomesafen plus S-metolachlor (280 g ai ha−1 + 800 g ai ha−1), fluridone (1,120 or 2,240 g ai ha−1), fluridone plus S-metolachlor (1,120 g ai ha−1 + 800 g ai ha−1), napropamide (1,120 g ai ha−1), clomazone (420 g ai ha−1), linuron (560 g ai ha−1), linuron plus S-metolachlor (560 g ai ha−1 + 800 g ai ha−1), bicyclopyrone (38 or 49.7 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone (149 g ai ha−1), pre-mix of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone (81.8 g ai ha−1 + 104.2 g ai ha−1), or metribuzin (294 g ai ha−1). Paraquat plus non-ionic surfactant (280 g ai ha−1 + 0.25% v/v) POST was also included. After plants in the propagation bed were cut and sweetpotato slip number, length, and weight had been determined, the slips were then transplanted to containers and placed either in the greenhouse or on an outdoor pad to determine any effects from the herbicide treatments on initial sweetpotato growth. Sweetpotato slip number, length, and/or weight were affected by flumioxazin with or without S-metolachlor, S-metolachlor with or without fomesafen, clomazone, and all fluridone treatments. In the greenhouse studies, initial root growth of plants after transplanting was inhibited by fluridone (1,120 g ai ha−1) and fluridone plus S-metolachlor. However, by 5 wk after transplanting few differences were observed between treatments. Fomesafen, linuron with or without S-metolachlor, bicyclopyrone (38 or 49.7 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone with or without flumioxazin, metribuzin, and paraquat did not cause injury to sweetpotato slips in any of the studies conducted.
Minimally invasive surgical management of penetrating chest injury from kinetic impact bean bag projectile

Bean bag guns are considered "non-lethal" weapons used by law enforcement. There are emerging reports in the medical literature on management of penetrating, intrathoracic injuries and none were found that involve potential cardiac complications. We present a case of a penetrating bean bag involving the pericardium. A young, adult man was shot in the left axillary region by law enforcement and presented hemodynamically stable. Computed Tomography (CT) demonstrated a bean bag anterolateral to the pericardium, associated with a small pulmonary contusion and hemopneumothorax. He underwent a left tube thoracostomy and sub-xiphoid pericardial window with cardiopulmonary bypass on standby. The diagnostic pericardial window showed no pericardial effusion and the foreign body extraction was successfully performed through the subxiphoid incision via Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. There were no intra-operative or post-operative complications.
Types of Healthcare Simulation: Locations and Training – Who, What, and Where?

Healthcare simulation happens in a variety of settings and with a diversity of innovative training activities and tools. These tools and settings are based on the learning objectives and goals of a given group. Programs utilize either simulation centers or in situ training depending on the learning objectives, educational needs, and the space that is both accessible and most feasible for the activity and its desired outcomes. For academic groups, these learning objectives are based on the curriculum that is created to teach or emphasize a specific topic. For practicing clinicians, care providers, or allied healthcare workers, these training sessions may be to improve system processes, skills, or techniques, reinforce knowledge, or introduce new research and innovations. Regardless of the learner type, it is important to match the learning objectives with the tools and ensure the most appropriate functional space is available to conduct the trainings. Different types of simulation options can be integrated in order to achieve these goals; and this chapter will describe some of the skill backgrounds, training needs, and methods that educators have used to meet requirements for different learner types. Understanding the role and scope of practice for each member of the healthcare team will help to identify what part of a simulation program is most applicable to each.
A general time-domain formulation of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory for linear spectroscopy.

A time-dependent (TD) formulation of equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) theory is developed, which, unlike other similar TD-EOM-CC approaches [D. R. Nascimento and A. E. DePrince III, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12, 5834–5840 (2016)], can be applied to any type of linear electronic spectroscopy. The TD-EOM-CC method is formally equivalent to the standard frequency-domain formulation of EOM-CC theory, with a potential computational advantage of a comparatively low memory footprint. This general TD-EOM-CC framework is applied to the linear absorption and electric circular dichroism spectra of several small oxirane derivatives.A time-dependent (TD) formulation of equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) theory is developed, which, unlike other similar TD-EOM-CC approaches [D. R. Nascimento and A. E. DePrince III, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12, 5834–5840 (2016)], can be applied to any type of linear electronic spectroscopy. The TD-EOM-CC method is formally equivalent to the standard frequency-domain formulation of EOM-CC theory, with a potential computational advantage of a comparatively low memory footprint. This general TD-EOM-CC framework is applied to the linear absorption and electric circular dichroism spectra of several small oxirane derivatives.
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Following Heart Transplantation.

Abstract Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is required in a subset of patients (∼10%) for sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block both early and late after heart transplantation. The ...
Viscous dissipation and joule heating effects on forced convection power law fluid flow through annular duct

Here we numerically analyse the effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating on forced convection heat transfer rate of electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic, (MHD) power law fluid flow t...
A new reverse electrodialysis design strategy which significantly reduces the levelized cost of electricity

Abstract We develop a framework for choosing the optimal load resistance, feed velocity and residence time for a reverse electrodialysis stack based on minimizing the levelized cost of electricity. The optimal load resistance maximizes the gross stack power density and results from a trade-off between stack voltage and stack current. The primary trade-off governing the optimal feed velocity is between stack pumping power losses, which reduce the net power density and concentration polarization losses, which reduce the gross stack power density. Lastly, the primary trade-off governing the optimal residence time is between the capital costs of the stack and pretreatment system. Implementing our strategy, we show that a smaller load resistance, a smaller feed velocity and a larger residence time than are currently proposed in the literature reduces costs by over 40%. Despite these reductions, reverse electrodialysis remains more expensive than other renewable technologies.
Genetic Dissection of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis: Evidence for Functional Expression of Sle3/5 by Non-T Cells

On the non-autoimmune C57BL/6 (B6) background, the chromosome 7-derived lupus susceptibility loci Sle3 and Sle5 have been shown to mediate an elevated CD4:CD8 ratio with an increase in activated CD4 + T cells, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, and a break in humoral tolerance. Development of subcongenic strains has subsequently shown that the elevated CD4:CD8 ratio is due to Sle3 but that both loci contribute to the development of autoantibodies. To elucidate the functional expression patterns of these loci, adoptive transfer experiments were conducted. All possible combinations of bone marrow reconstitution, including syngenic, were conducted between the congenic B6 and B6. Sle3/5 strains. It was found that the Sle3/5 locus was functionally expressed by bone marrow-derived cells, but not by host cells, and that the elevated CD4:CD8 phenotype could be reconstituted in radiation chimeras. Using Ly5-marked congenic strains and B6 host mice, additional experiments surprisingly demonstrated that the elevated CD4:CD8 ratio was neither an intrinsic property of the T cells nor of single positive thymocytes. Allotype-marked chimeras indicated that autoantibody production by B cells was also an extrinsic property, as shown by the fact that B cells without the Sle3/5 interval contributed to autoantibody production. These experiments strongly suggest that a gene within the B6. Sle3/5 interval was expressed by a bone marrow-derived, nonlymphocyte population in the thymus and periphery and was affecting T cell selection and/or survival.
The new manuscript review system for the Semantic Web journal

The Semantic Web journal relies on a non-standard review process which in particular features open and transparent reviews and encourages reviewers to disclose their identities [1,2]. While the continued success of the Semantic Web journal shows that this setup works in practice and is suitable for a high-quality journal, the overhead caused by the non-standard process has been significant, in particular for the editors and the editors-in-chief. The main reason for this overhead was the unavailability of suitable manuscript review systems, as existing systems support only standard processes and are merely customizable within rigid and conventional bounds. For more than two years we thus had a rather cumbersome setup using, on the one hand, a commercial journal review management system, and on the other hand a public Website [2]. As a result, we had to constantly copy information from the review management system to the Website, and in fact we have done so manually. It was clear from the beginning that this was not going to be a solution which is sustainable over the long run, and so it was necessary to set up our own manuscript review system, tailored to the specific needs of the journal. In particular, we needed a tight integration of the review system with the journal’s website, so that it would no longer be necessary to handle two independent systems. The new review system went online in October 2012, and it has since served us very well. It is realized in Drupal, the popular Web Content Management System which underlies the Semantic Web journal website. Visitors of the website may in fact hardly notice a difference. However, authors who want to submit papers do so directly via the journal’s website, rather than through a separate submission site. Likewise, reviewers and editors interact directly with the website. While we are very pleased with the improvements resulting from the custom system, we will continue to develop it, and are happy about any feedback or comments we may receive. For 2013 we plan to embed Semantic Web technologies and thus support new types of queries over the journal’s dataset. In this issue of the journal, we present three papers. The first two are very substantial surveys of current research topics, and they continue our series of highly selective and well-received high-quality surveys published in the journal. The third article is a vision paper which argues for a systematic investigation of order (in the mathematical sense) for reasoning in the Big Data age. While we usually do not publish vision papers, we are happy to include this article of exceptional quality. It was fully reviewed to the standards of the journal.
The mitochondrial theory of aging: involvement of mitochondrial DNA damage and repair.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the experimental evidence that support a pivotal role for mitochondrial dysfunction in aging. The chapter describes associative studies and an evaluation of the actual functional relevance of oxidative damage at the mitochondrial level. Oxidative damage accumulates in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (and lipids and proteins) of mice heterozygous for the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase (MnSOD−/+), and mitochondrial function is decreasedThere is an age-related decline in mitochondrial function culminating with elevated apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that oxidative damage to mitochondria is indeed associated with dysfunction and aging, and that mitochondrially induced apoptosis may be involved in the aging process. The initial observation that mitochondria are unable to remove UV-induced damage from their genomes led to the notion that mitochondria lack DNA repair capacity. The knowledge about the DNA-repair mechanisms in mitochondria is based on the identification of specific enzymes and on the studies of the repair of various lesions. Different DNA lesions are repaired through different repair pathways, and these have been identified in studies on nuclear or total DNA.
TPX vacuum vessel conceptual design

The Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) machine will advance physics and tokamak design into the steady state regime and demonstrate performance advances for longer time periods than machines currently in operation. The TPX vacuum vessel is designed to withstand forces created by a high vacuum environment, plasma disruptions and significant dead weight. A successful Conceptual Design Review (CDR) was held in March 1993. Important design features presented at the CDR as well as future plans are described herein.
Classification of Prosodic Events using Quantized Contour Modeling

We present Quantized Contour Modeling (QCM), a Bayesian approach to the classification of acoustic contours. We evaluate the performance of this technique in the classification of prosodic events. We find that, on BURNC, this technique can successfully classify pitch accents with 63.99% accuracy (.4481 CER), and phrase ending tones with 72.91% accuracy.
Transport of Calcium

The sections in this article are: 1 Historical Background 1.1 Calcium Absorption 1.2 Vitamin D 1.3 Evolution in Methodology 2 Factors That Influence Calcium Absorption 2.1 Intestinal Segment and Diet 2.2 Age 2.3 Hormonal Influences 3 Calbindin D 3.1 Characteristics of Calcium-Binding Proteins 3.2 Classes of “Tight” Calcium-Binding Proteins 3.3 Structure of Calbindins 3.4 Calbindin D9K 3.5 Calbindin D28K 3.6 Tissue and Subcellular Distribution of Calbindins 3.7 Calbindin D Molecular Biology 3.8 Biological Functions of Calbindins D 4 Mechanisms 4.1 Brush-Border Membranes 4.2 Basal Lateral Membranes 4.3 Intracellular Organelles
Palliative Treatment of Hyperinsulinism With Cyproheptadine and Diazoxide

Treatment for hyperinsulinism in infants and children can be difficult and has included numerous treatment modalities. This paper reports 16 months of palliative treatment with cyproheptadine and diazoxide in a child with hyperinsulinism initially diagnosed at 6 months of age (her insulin level was 80 microU/mL while her glucose level was 38 mg/dL). She continued to have episodes of staring and alteration in level of consciousness while receiving her usual doses of diazoxide (12 mg/kg) alone. Mean nocturnal glucose values, which were quite low during treatment with diazoxide alone, improved significantly with the addition of cyproheptadine to her therapeutic regimen. Fasted C-peptide values, elevated during diazoxide alone, returned to the normal range with combination treatment for 16 months. Cyproheptadine and diazoxide in combination may be useful for treatment of hyperinsulinism that presents after the neonatal period.
High rate of galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose sensitization in both eosinophilic esophagitis and patients undergoing upper endoscopy

Summary Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen/allergy-mediated chronic inflammatory condition. The rapid rise in the number of cases of EoE suggests an as-yet undiscovered environmental trigger. This study tested the hypothesis that immunoglobulin E (IgE) to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), a newly recognized sensitization induced by a tick bite that causes mammalian meat allergy, is a risk factor for EoE. We conducted a case–control study using prospectively collected and stored samples in the University of North Carolina EoE Patient Registry and Biobank. Serum from 50 subjects with a new diagnosis of EoE and 50 non-EoE subjects (either with gastroesophageal reflux disease or dysphagia from non-EoE etiologies) was tested for alpha-gal-specific IgE using an ImmunoCAP-based method. Specific IgE > 0.35 kUA/L was considered a positive result. Subjects with EoE were a mean of 35 years old, 68% were male, and 94% were white. Non-EoE controls were a mean of 42 years, 50% were male, and 78% were white. A total of 22 (22%) subjects overall had alpha-gal-specific IgE > 0.35 kUA/L. Of the EoE cases, 12 (24%) were positive, and of the non-EoE controls, 10 (20%) were positive (p=0.63). Neither the proportion sensitized nor the absolute values differed between EoE and non-EoE subjects. We found a similar but high rate of alpha-gal sensitization in patients with EoE as found in non-EoE controls who were undergoing endoscopy. While our data do not support alpha-gal sensitization as a risk factor for EoE, the high rates of sensitization observed in patients undergoing upper endoscopy for symptoms of esophageal dysfunction is a new finding.
Time and space complexity in feedback systems: Recent progress and challenges

It is a mandatory requirement that communication channels use signal sampling and quantization, which introduce errors. As a result, algorithms must be devised to recover or estimate the input signals to the channels. Signal estimation introduces dynamic delays and affect feedback systems' stability and performance. Theoretically, sampling and quantization may be viewed as a means of reducing time and space complexity (TSC) of the data. A fundamental question is: How is TSC in data related to system stability and performance? Is there a fundamental limit on TSC for stability of feedback? This paper discusses signal estimation and their implications on stability and performance limitations of feedback systems with communication channels. Typical empirical measure based algorithms are modified with exponential weighting to accommodate time-varying natures of signal estimation problems. It is shown that such algorithms can be represented as an exponential averaging filter which affects feedback stability and performance. Recent advances and challenges in this direction are discussed.