cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey of insecticide resistance among North Carolina Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations

Laboratory bioassays of field-collected populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), revealed extensive variation in resistance to several chemicals registered for use on potato in North Carolina. Resistance to fenvalerate was most extensive in potato beetle populations from Carteret and Pamlico counties, with considerable levels of resistance also present in Pasquotank and Currituck counties. Azinphosmethyl resistance was most prominent in beetle populations from Carteret and Pasquotank counties, and carbofuran resistance was most extensive in Carteret, Currituck, and Pasquotank counties. Results also showed significant levels of variation in susceptibility to these insecticides among counties, among fields within counties, and among beetle populations within fields.
Functional magnetic ventilation in dogs.

Abstract Lin VW, Hsiao I, Deng X, Lee Y-S, Sasse S. Functional magnetic ventilation in dogs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1493–8. Objective To investigate the efficacy of the magnetic stimulation of inspiratory muscles as an alternative to mechanical ventilation and functional electric stimulation. Design A prospective before-after trial. Setting Functional magnetic stimulation laboratory in a Veterans Administration health care system. Animals Six male mongrel dogs, each weighing between 25 and 35kg. Interventions Commercially available magnetic stimulators with a round magnetic coil were used. The center of the magnetic coil was placed posteriorly over the C5–7 vertebrae of the spinal cord transected dogs. Magnetic stimulation parameters were set at 80% intensity, 20Hz, and a 1.2-second on and 3.8-second off pulse train. Main outcome measures The major outcomes were changes in tidal volume (Vt), tracheal pressure (P tr ), and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Paco 2 ) and oxygen sustained by magnetic stimulation over time. Results The average Vt and P tr produced during functional magnetic ventilation (FMV) were .47±.07L and −4.7±.51cmH 2 O, respectively. Blood gas data showed that Paco 2 increased from a baseline of 33 to 75mmHg, whereas pH decreased from 7.33 to 6.99 at the end of the 1-hour FMV period. Conclusions FMV was achieved for 2 hours in dogs with C2 spinal cord transection. Additional refinements in magnetic stimulation are needed to improve ventilation in animals.
Isolation of a virus infecting a strain of Mycoplasma laidlawii.

MYCOPLASMAS are a group of microorganisms which can grow on cell-free medium and which are characterized by pleomorphism, for they are bound by a triple layered unit membrane instead of a rigid cell wall. The smallest reproductive forms are about 100 to 150 nm in size. They are the smallest known free-living organisms comparable in size with the myxoviruses, to which they show some morphological resemblance. The largest mycoplasma cell can exceed 1,000 nm in size.
Joint Transceiver Optimization in MC-CDMA Systems

Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems are well suited for high data rate wireless multimedia services, due to their ability to convert frequency-selective fading channels to distinct flat fading channels with low complexity fast Fourier transform (FFT) devices. However, when multiple users are present, the performance of MC-CDMA systems is degraded by the multiuser interference (MUI) when the channel is frequency-selective. In order to mitigate MUI, we present a joint algorithm that combines transmit power control, antenna array processing and multiuser detection at the receiver. Interestingly, the frequency-selectivity that entails the MUI also provides multipath diversity which can help suppress the MUI. Performance of the algorithm in a number of MC-CDMA system models is evaluated in terms of the average transmit power to achieve the target signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Simulations confirm the outstanding performance of this algorithm compared with the existing ones in MC-CDMA systems.
Role of the premature action potential in contractile potentiation: a study of paired stimulation

Isometric contractions and transmembrane action potentials, recorded simultaneously from canine ventricular tissue, revealed a consistent relation between action potential configuration and the intensity of the associated contractile performance during paired stimulation and the return to the control state. The nature of this association consisted of an inverse relation between the magnitude of the contractile response and the duration of phase two of the associated action potential. This relation persists despite a characteristically non-linear augmentation of contractile force effected by paired stimulation. A second correlation was also observed between the phase 2 duration of each premature action potential and the magnitude of the subsequent contractile increment. It is speculated, then, that the premature action potential may be indirectly implicated in this type of contractile augmentation. Variation in the phase 2 prolongation of premature action potentials may reflect a variable calcium influx which, in turn, yields the observed diversity of contractile increments in subsequent post-extrasystolic beats.
A Scale for Measuring Listenability: The Factors that Determine Listening Ease and Difficulty

(1995). A Scale for Measuring Listenability: The Factors that Determine Listening Ease and Difficulty. International Journal of Listening: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 44-61.
Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

A novel ionization source for biological mass spectrometry is described that combines atmospheric pressure (AP) ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The transfer of the ions from the atmospheric pressure ionization region to the high vacuum is pneumatically assisted (PA) by a stream of nitrogen, hence the acronym PA-AP MALDI. PA-AP MALDI is readily interchangeable with electrospray ionization on an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oaTOF) mass spectrometer. Sample preparation is identical to that for conventional vacuum MALDI and uses the same matrix compounds, such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid. The performance of this ion source on the oaTOF mass spectrometer is compared with that of conventional vacuum MALDI-TOF for the analysis of peptides. PA-AP MALDI can detect low femtomole amounts of peptides in mixtures with good signal-to-noise ratio and with less discrimination for the detection of individual peptides in a protein digest. Peptide ions produced by this me...
An Electrically-Driven, Large-Deflection, High-Force, Micro Piston Hydraulic Actuator Array for Large-Scale Microfluidic Systems

This paper describes a proof-of-concept all-electrical individually-addressable micro piston actuator array that produces high displacement and force by utilizing hydraulic amplification and electrostatic control. This new class of actuator arrays can remove a critical hurdle, pneumatic control ports to lab-on-chips, and achieve fully-integrated, large-scale, and all-electrical microfluidic systems. The fabricated actuator consists of a 3×3 array of 2×2mm2 membranes and produces maximum deflections of 35, 23, and 11 ?m when hydraulicallydriven by piezoelectric actuation at 100, 80, 60V, respectively. The corresponding hydraulic amplification ratios are 3.2, 3, and 2.5, respectively. The array functions up to a frequency of 2Hz without failing, while allowing control over individual actuators by utilizing electrostatic latching at 100V. The active device part measures as 8.4×8.4×0.65mm3.
Methodology for determination and use of the no-escape envelope of an air-to-air-missile

A large gap exists between optimal control and differential-game theory and their applications. The purpose of this paper is to show how this gap may be bridged. Missile-avoidance of realistically simulated infrared heat-seeking, fire-and-forget missile is studied. In detailed simulations, sweeping out the discretized initial condition space, avoidance methods based on pilot experience are combined with those based on simplified optimal control analysis to derive an approximation to the no-escape missile envelopes. The detailed missile equations and no-escape envelopes were then incorporated into an existing piloted simulation of air-to-air combat to generate missile firing decisions as well as missile avoidance commands. The use of these envelopes was found to be effective in both functions.
Improving wire-bond quality on multichip modules through reduction of polyimide ablation debris

ABSTRACTAblation of polyimide with a XeCl excimer laser produces deposits of soot-like debris that can alter the surface properties of adjacent structures. In this case, debris accumulation degraded the quality of ultrasonic wire bondingto contaminated bond pads. The addition of flowing helium during the ablation process visibly reduced the debrisaccumulation and improved subsequent wire bonding. The quality of wire bonding was then used to measure therelative importance of ablation process parameters in the reduction of debris. 1. INTRODUCTION Research into the mechanisms of polyimide ablation using excimer lasers has noted the formation of debris13 and identified it as carbon and carbon compounds.4 Flowing helium through the focus of the laser beam during polyimide ablation reduces the visible accumulation of debris.5'6 1.1 Ablation process The purpose of the laser ablation is to cut a metal strap buried in a polyimide layer. The standard process uses 25 pulses at a fluence of 12+ J/cm2' a wavelength of 308 nm, and is performed in air at room temperature. The
Coring fibrotic corpora for penile implants.

Les corps caverneux peuvent devenir fortement fibreux a la suite d'un priapisme, d'une maladie de Peyronie, d'un traumatisme ou d'une infection. Cette fibrose peut etre si grave que la dilatation des corps caverneux pour une prothese penienne est impossible ou possible seulement a un degre limite. Un nouveau procede chirurgical qui permet l'ablation d'un cylindre de tissu erectile fibreux a ete mise au point pour pallier ce probleme difficile
Feeling too hot or cold after breast cancer: Is it just a nuisance or a potentially important prognostic factor?

There is widespread recognition among both patients and caregivers that breast cancer patients often experience debilitating deficiencies in their ability to achieve thermal comfort, feeling excessively hot or cold under circumstances when others are comfortable. However, this symptom receives little clinical or scientific attention beyond identification and testing of drugs that minimise menopausal-like symptoms. Could some of these symptoms represent an important prognostic signal? Could thermal discomfort be among other cytokine-driven sickness behaviour symptoms seen in many breast cancer patients? While the literature reveals a strong link between treatment for breast cancer and some menopausal vasomotor symptoms (e.g. hot flashes also known as "hot flushes"), there is little data on quantitative assessment of severity of different types of symptoms and their possible prognostic potential. However, recent, intriguing studies indicating a correlation between the presence of hot flashes and reduced development of breast cancer recurrence strongly suggests that more study on this topic is needed. In comparison to reports on the phenomenon of breast cancer-associated hot flashes, there is essentially no scientific study on the large number of women who report feeling excessively cold after breast cancer treatment. Since similar acquired thermal discomfort symptoms can occur in patients with cancers other than breast cancer, there may be as yet unidentified cancer- or treatment-driven factor related to temperature dysregulation. In general, there is surprisingly little information on the physiological relationship between body temperature regulation, vasomotor symptoms, and cancer growth and progression. The goal of this article is twofold: (1) to review the scientific literature regarding acquired deficits in thermoregulation among breast cancer survivors and (2) to propose some speculative ideas regarding the possible basis for thermal discomfort among some of these women. Specifically, we suggest a potential association with excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, similar to other cytokine-driven symptoms experienced after breast cancer, including fatigue and depression. We highlight the similarity of some breast cancer-associated thermal discomfort symptoms to those which occur during fever, suggesting the possibility that there may be common underlying changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine activity in both conditions. We anticipate that this contribution will stimulate additional scientific interest among researchers in identifying potential mechanisms and prognostic significance of this under-studied aspect of breast cancer biology and survivorship.
A randomized clinical trial of the addition of laminaria to misoprostol and hypertonic saline for second-trimester induction abortion.

Abstract Objective To compare the outcomes of second-trimester induction abortion with misoprostol and hypertonic saline, with and without use of laminaria. Method Fifty-eight women, between 17.5 and 22.5 weeks' gestation, were randomly assigned to receive or omit laminaria in conjunction with other procedures for induction abortion. All women received a fetocidal dose of 60 cc intra-amniotic hypertonic saline. If the woman was to receive laminaria, they were inserted next. This was followed by vaginal misoprostol 200 ��g, which was repeated every 6 h. Result Women with laminaria inserted before misoprostol administration had longer intervals from start of misoprostol to delivery of the fetus (induction times) than women without laminaria. Induction time was 14.4 vs. 11.4 h, respectively (p=.04, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Total misoprostol use was higher in the laminaria group, 628 ��g (95% CI, 516���738) vs. 496 ��g (95% CI, 419���573) (p=.05). Total analgesic use was also higher in the laminaria group, 41 mg of morphine (95% CI, 32���50) vs. 26 mg of morphine (95% CI, 18���32) (p=.02). Conclusion Laminaria use, in conjunction with misoprostol and hypertonic saline, significantly prolongs induction time and increases narcotic analgesia usage.
Inhibitory Effects of Nitric Oxide and Nitrosative Stress on Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase

Abstract Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) is a copper-containing enzyme that uses molecular oxygen and ascorbate to catalyze the addition of a hydroxyl group on the β-carbon of dopamine to form norepinephrine. While norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction following reflex sympathetic stimulation, nitric oxide (NO) formation results in vasodilatation via a guanylyl cyclase-dependent mechanism. In this report, we investigated the relationship between NO and DβH enzymatic activity. In the initial in vitroexperiments, the activity of purified DβH was inhibited by the NO donor, diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO), with an IC50 of 1 mm. The inclusion of either azide or GSH partially restored DβH activity, suggesting the involvement of the reactive nitrogen oxide species, N2O3. Treatment of human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC) with diethylamine/NO decreased cellular DβH activity without affecting their growth rate and was augmented by the depletion of intracellular GSH. Co-culture of the SK-N-MC cells with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, which release NO, also reduced the DβH activity in the neuroblastoma cells. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that nitrosative stress, mediated by N2O3, can result in the inhibition of norepinephrine biosynthesis and may contribute to the regulation of neurotransmission and vasodilatation.
Comparison of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and spark induced breakdown spectroscopy for determination of mercury in soils

Abstract Mercury is a toxic element found throughout the environment. Elevated concentrations of mercury in soils are quite hazardous to plants growing in these soils and also the runoff of soils to nearby water bodies contaminates the water, endangering the flora and fauna of that region. This makes continuous monitoring of mercury very essential. This work compares two potential spectroscopic methods (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and spark induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS)) at their optimum experimental conditions for mercury monitoring. For LIBS, pellets were prepared from soil samples of known concentration for generating a calibration curve while for SIBS, soil samples of known concentration were used in the powder form. The limits of detection (LODs) of Hg in soil were calculated from the Hg calibration curves. The LOD for mercury in soil calculated using LIBS and SIBS is 483 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively. The detection range for LIBS and SIBS is discussed.
The hexaphenylethane riddle

Abstract The correct quinoid structure for the dimer of triphenylmethyl radicals was proposed in 1904. By 1906 there existed three independent lines of evidence which support this structure: acid-catalyzed aromatization, para-halogen lability, and radical chain autoxidation. Despite this evidence, and the skill and insight of the numerous chemists who studied the system, the incorrect hexaphenylethane structure was assigned to the dimer until 1968. This paper attempts to explain how this could have happened by tracing the evolution of triphenylmethyl theory and of attitudes toward the evidence from 1900 until 1968.
Repeated games and the ‘reciprocal dumping’ model of trade

Abstract A repeated game version of the basic Brander and Krugman (1983) model is analyzed. In the Brander-Krugman model, rivalry among oligopolistic firms gives rise to international trade. It is now shown that no trade, which is welfare-reducing when transportation costs are negligible, is a strong Nash equilibrium of the supergame. The threat strategies that support ‘no trade’, the discount rate, and the crucial role of transportation costs are discussed, extending the BranderKrugman analysis in a natural way.
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy

Abstract Lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy is an uncommon, but easily overlooked, cause of elbow pain in the throwing athlete. Compression of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve by the biceps tendon occurs at the nerve's exit point from the brachial fascia just proximal to the elbow flexion crease. Symptoms include pain in the anterolateral elbow and burning dysesthesias radiating into the lateral forearm, particularly when the forearm is fully pronated with the elbow extended. Patients are initially treated conservatively with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, rest, activity modification, and extension block splinting. For those patients who do not respond to nonoperative treatment, surgical decompression of the nerve under local anesthesia provides complete relief of symptoms and return to full activity.
Use of the complex-scaling method in calculations of Stark resonances

Herbst and Simon [Phys. Rev. Lett. {bold 41}, 67 (1978)] have proven that the complex-scaling method (CSM) is applicable to the Stark effect in atoms. However, their proof is limited to complex scaling with an argument {lt}{pi}/3. Their method makes no statement as to the validity of CSM beyond this region. This article reports on a detailed numerical study of the use of CSM for the Stark effect in hydrogen. The results suggest a limitation on the range of energies of Stark resonances that can be calculated by CSM. We find that CSM does not produce resonances with energies ImE{ge}{radical}(3)ReE, which corresponds precisely to the range of validity of the Herbst-Simon theory. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Panel — Computer scientists wanted! Strategies for increasing interest in computer science

Diverse strategies have been used to improve student awareness and interest in computer science. Research suggests that by focusing on rich interdisciplinary subfields of the computing discipline, computer science courses will be more appealing to women and other underrepresented groups. Inspired by these findings, the panelists use application areas and games in a variety of venues to engage students in the study of computer science. Experiences with a middle school outreach program in Appalachia will be described. Additionally new courses including an introduction to scientific modeling, seminars on social networking and gaming, and a course in digital storytelling will be discussed. Open discussion with the audience will follow the panelists' remarks.
Non-metallic Bonding Tool Technique; A Key Input Control for Contamination in Ultrasonic Wirebonding Process

In the search for total solution to reduce wedge tool rate of Aluminum debris build-up in Ultrasonic wire bonding for semiconductor manufacturing, several approaches and techniques were introduced but results differ from each other. The approach taken is composite material selection. Tungsten Carbide wedge tool has been the most established material for Aluminum Wedge bonding. Its material property was tested over years for quality and reliability. However, as discrete devices on semiconductor industry evolved from few wires (1 to 2 wires) to multiple wires (>3 wires) on a source pad, the impact of this development emerged. More wires bonded in lesser time resulted to frequent tool cleaning and replacement. Bond formation quality is also affected because of the increasing rate of build-up on the tool tip. With the advancement of package technology a new wedge tool material was explored; a non-metallic tool that addresses the massive aluminum build-up on tool tip. This paper presents the characteristics and advantages of a ceramic material over the market-dominant tungsten carbide in mechanical, thermal and wear applications.
Vapor‐phase partitioning of volatile organic compounds: A regression approach

Partitioning of 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the vapor phase and dry and moist Al2O3 samples was measured using a headspace technique. The best predictors of partition coefficients (K′p) from the vapor phase varied with the three Al2O3 moisture contents (MCs) used; these variations may reflect alternate sorption mechanisms. For instance, sorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons at 1.9% MC was best explained by the hydrogen bond acceptor parameter β, suggesting hydrogen bonding between the —Cl group and surface groups or water films. However, sorption on humic acid-coated Al2O3 at approximately 45% MC was best explained by the log of the aqueous solubility and Henry's law constant. The importance of aqueous solubility and Henry's law constant suggested that dissolution of organic compounds in interstitial water is a primary sorption mechanism for VOCs at high Al2O3 MCs. Sorption of the relatively insoluble hydrocarbons such as n-alkanes occurred in excess of that explained by dissolution in the interstitial water and may reflect the importance of partitioning into the organic matter provided by the humic acid coating.
'Greening' the chemical industry: Research and development priorities for biobased industrial products

The chemical industry developed over the past century using petroleum as its primary feedstock. A variety of economic, political and social forces are now leading the chemical industry to use or consider renewable plant-based feedstocks in addition to or instead of petroleum. The next century may see a gradual transition away from petroleum as the primary feedstock for chemicals, materials and liquid fuels. If this transition is to occur, and if the chemical industry is to become more sustainable, a considerable amount of research must be done. This paper summarizes the research and development priorities for a more sustainable, or ‘green’, chemical industry based on renewable plant resources and relies heavily on a recent report of the National Research Council (NRC) of the United States. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of dipyridamole in plasma and whole blood

A rapid, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative analysis of dipyridamole in plasma and whole blood. The method involves a single extraction of an alkalinized sample with diethyl ether followed by evaporation of the organic solvent and ion-pair chromatography using fluorescence detection. The lower limit of sensitivity for dipyridamole is 1 ng/ml. Concentrations of dipyridamole between 1 and 500 ng per sample are measured with an average coefficient of variation of 4.5% in plasma and 7.4% in whole blood.
Computing bounds for stochastic programming problems by means of a generalized moment problem

Bounds on the expected value of a convex function are obtained by means of an approximating generalized moment problem. Numerical implementation is discussed in the context of stochastic programming problems.
Aspartate aminotransferase activity during early development of chicken embryo.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activity is studied, employing two different procedures, during early developmental stages of chicken embryo. AAT activity is steady from pre-streak to the definitive primitive streak stage after which it suddenly increases as growth proceeds. INH or IIH administration in this embryonic system led to almost instantaneous and complete disappearance of AAT activity which could be reversed to 80 percent by treatment with equimolar pyridoxal phosphate. Histochemical studies from the literature support a view that the period of intense differentiation coincides with an increased RNA content. The present study shows more AAT activity per mg wet embryo during the same development stages. Whether this is due to availability of more aspartic acid for pyrimidine is not clear due to possible presence of two AAT activities, the many competing reactions that can use aspartic acid, and In situ conditions during differentiation.
Nucleus gracilis responses to knee joint motion: a frequency response study.

Abstract (1) A systems analysis approach was used to study the dynamic responses of sensory cells in thenucleus gracilis of anesthetized cats. Sinusoidal changes in knee angle were used as inputs and the average firing rate of single gracile cells was recorded as the output. Frequency response functions were derived from data displayed as Bode plots. (2) Fifty-nine cells were studied. The majority of these cells exhibited an acceleration sensitivity but 5 cells exhibited a velocity sensitivity. No position sensitivity was evident and no slowly adapting or tonic responses were recorded. (3) The acceleration sensitive cells demonstrated significant non-linear responses. The gain associated with their frequency response function depended upon both static knee angle and input excursion amplitude. These cells also exhibited a bi-directional response to sinusoidal and square wave inputs. (4) These data are taken as evidence that the dorsal columns may carry acceleration and velocity information from receptors in the knee joint, but that positional information may travel by other pathways to cells located in other areas. If such is the case, lesion experiments involving the dorsal columns should reveal loss of velocity and acceleration sense but no decrement in position sense.
Deformation band clusters on Mars and implications for subsurface fluid flow

High-resolution imagery reveals unprecedented lines of evidence for the presence of deformation band clusters in layered sedimentary deposits in the equatorial region of Mars. Deformation bands are a class of geologic structural discontinuity that is a precursor to faults in clastic rocks and soils. Clusters of deformation bands, consisting of many hundreds of individual subparallel bands, can act as important structural controls on subsurface fl uid fl ow in terrestrial reservoirs, and evidence of diagenetic processes is often preserved along them. Deformation band clusters are identifi ed on Mars based on characteristic meter-scale architectures and geologic context as observed in data from the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera. The identifi cation of deformation band clusters on Mars is a key to investigating the migration of fl uids between surface and subsurface reservoirs in the planet’s vast sedimentary deposits. Similar to terrestrial examples, evidence of diagenesis in the form of lightand dark-toned discoloration and wall-rock induration is recorded along many of the deformation band clusters on Mars. Therefore, these structures are important sites for future exploration and investigations into the geologic history of water and waterrelated processes on Mars.
Effect of the Systemic Fungicide Carboxin on Electron Transport Function in Membranes of Micrococcus denitrificans

Abstract The systemic fungicide carboxin (5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide) inhibited oxidation of succinate by membranes prepared from Micrococcus denitrificans, the Ki being 16 μM. Oxycarboxin (5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide-4,4-dioxide), F831 (5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide-4-oxide), and another succinate oxidase inhibitor, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (TTB) were less effective inhibitors of succinate oxidation by membranes of M. denitrificans. Oxidation of other substrates (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form, d-lactate, l-lactate, malate, and d,l-α-hydroxybutyrate) was inhibited to a lesser degree by carboxin, and formate oxidation was entirely resistant. With all substrates tested, oxycarboxin, the dioxide analogue of carboxin, was less effective than carboxin. Carboxin also inhibited dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP) reductase activities by these membranes in a manner both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the inhibition of oxidation of the various substrates. The inhibition of DCIP reductase activities by TTB was qualitatively similar to carboxin, but TTB was a less effective inhibitor with all substrates tested. The inhibition of DCIP reductase by carboxin could be relieved by phenazine methosulfate with all substrates except d-lactate. Only slight inhibition of d-lactate-stimulated uptake of [14C]glycine by these membrane vesicles was seen with carboxin. Uptake of [14C]glycine could be stimulated to varying degrees with the other substrates tested, but in no case did carboxin cause significant inhibition. Membranes isolated from M. denitrificans are a useful system for investigating the mechanism of inhibition of electron transport function by carboxin, and the use of this system for evaluations of carboxin and its metabolites is suggested.
Effects of lithium carbonate on methylphenidate-induced mood, behavior, and cognitive processes

Evidence is presented which suggests that lithium modifies the mood and behavioral alterations resulting from IV methylphenidate. Specifically, lithium significantly reduces the level of arousal-activation, euphoria-grandiosity, and the total score of manic-state ratings following a methylphenidate challenge. In addition, lithium appears to be capable of modifying the growth hormone response to methylphenidate.
Pulp reactions to anterior restorative materials.

Two composite dental acrylic-type resins with improved physical and esthetic properties were tested for level of toxicity compared with that of silicate and zinc oxide-eugenol. Modification of application technic and cavity liners is needed before these new materials can be recommended for general clinical use.
Method development in atomistic computation: past and future

In the past, there was a clear consensus on which methods had to be taught to drive progress in the atomistic description of matter. A rough sketch is given of the methods that are in current use to produce quantitative, atomistic descriptions of structures and processes for systems ranging from molecules to crystals. From the point of view of a computational scientist who has been actively involved in their implementation on numerous generations of computers, features common to all of them becomes clear. This then becomes the foundation for a new focused effort of teaching and training to drive progress in the coming decades to address shortcomings in existing methods and to meet the long-promised objective of materials design and engineering.
Slow-onset Feedback Inhibition: Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis α-Isopropylmalate Synthase by l-Leucine

This report describes the first demonstration of slow-onset feedback inhibition of an enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in a biosynthetic pathway. α-Isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) catalyzes the first committed step of the l-leucine biosynthetic pathway and is feedback-inhibited by l-leucine. Initial velocity experiments on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis IPMS indicate that inhibition by l-leucine is linearly noncompetitive versus α-ketoisovalerate. Time-courses displayed a burst of product formation followed by a linear steady-state rate when reactions were initiated by the addition of enzyme. The burst rate showed a hyperbolic dependence on the concentration of l-leucine indicating that inhibition proceeds in two steps, an initial rapid binding step followed by slow isomerization to a more tightly bound complex.
Leta Hollingworth's contributions to the psychology and education of the gifted

Leta Hollingworth was, and remains, one of the few individuals without whose contributions the field of the gifted would be significantly impoverished. After speculating about some possible reasons for Hollingworth's relative neglect, some of her major accomplishments are discussed. These include teaching the first college course devoted exclusively to the gifted, writing the field's first comprehensive text, making many contributions to educational practice, and maintaining throughout her career the highest standards of scholarship. In light of her life and work and her importance to our field, Hollingworth is clearly the equal of seminal thinkers such as Galton and Terman.
Housing developments in rural New England: effects on forest birds

In rural New England, forest fragmentation is caused by housing developments in forested areas. To evaluate the effects of these changes on forest birds, we compared bird assemblages between forests with different housing densities in western Massachusetts. Species occurrences and relative abundances were determined from systematic point count surveys and mist-netting at three plots in forest of low housing density (0–0.05 houses/ha) and of moderate housing density (0.60–6.70 houses/ha) in 1993 and 1994. Among guilds, Neotropical migrants and forest-interior species had significantly lower abundances in forests of moderate housing density. Abundances of ground/shrub nesting birds as a group, and of individual species such as veery (Catharus fuscescens), ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), were greater in forest of low housing density, but blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were more abundant in forest of moderate housing density. Although the abundances of ground/shrub nesting birds were positively related to ground cover, this vegetation structure did not differ between forest types. Avian and mammalian nest predators may be responsible for the trends in bird abundance. Avian nest predators may recognize forest of moderate housing density as edge habitat, and this rural development may also support relatively high densities of mammalian nest predators. These trends suggest that birds of New England's relatively extensive forests may be subject to greater fragmentation effects than generally thought, as a result of increasing rural housing development within forests.
Clinton's Impeachment Will Have Few Consequences for the Presidency

T he Clinton crisis that dominated news headlines in 1998 and early 1999 yielded no dearth of emphatic pronouncements about its consequences for the institution of the presidency. While some commentators downplayed its likely adverse consequences, most public debate was rife with dire predictions.' Before considering the merits of these dire predictions, three qualifications invite mention. First, in assessing the impact of the Clinton scandal on the presidency, one must separate the person from the office. Second, the consequences of the Clinton crisis must be measured against the totality of the presidential institution. It is very easy to exaggerate the significance of that which is peripheral to presidential governance, so commentators must bear in mind that the presidency is most important for the political and policy role it plays in governance and for its structural relation-
Comparing Classes of Psychotherapeutic Interventions: A Review and Reanalysis of English- and German-Language Meta-Analyses

This article explores how substantive and methodological differences between English- and German-language psychotherapy outcome studies may have contributed to observed differences in their effectiveness. Data from the meta-analyses by Smith, Glass, and Miller and Wittmann and Matt were reanalyzed to examine the extent to which substantive and methodological differences can account for the difference in the overall effect size of psychotherapy published in English- and German-language sources. The findings indicate that differences in the study of simple phobias, the use of trait inventories as outcome measures, and the selection of effect sizes within studies are likely to have led Smith et al. to overestimate, or conversely, Wittmann and Matt to underestimate the benefits of psychotherapy. Such results suggest that average effect estimates derived for English- and German-language psychotherapy outcomes studies depend on, and have to be interpreted in, the cultural context in which the research is being ...
Control of Hypera postica (Gyll.) on Second-Cuttig Alfalfa in New York

A total of 15 counties in New York is presently known to be infested by the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.)(Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Larval feeding in 1958 was delayed on the first alfalfa cutting and resulted in injury to the second crop. Five replicated experiments were conducted in second-cutting fields in Dutchess, Orange, and Ulster Counties in which 15 insecticides were applied as low pressure, low volume sprays. Heptachlor at 4 ounces actual material per acre gave excellent control of larvae for 32 days following application. Chlordane at 32 ounces and lindane and endrin each at 4 ounces per acre gave good larva] control for 2 weeks after treatment, while phosphorus- containing compounds gave effective larval control for slightly more than 1 week. Heptachlor applied at a rate of 8 ounces per acre gave good control of the alfalfa weevil adult for 2 weeks following application.
Interactive Image Segmentation Using Machine Learning Techniques

Image segmentation is an important and challenging task in image processing. Recently, semi-supervised segmentation methods have received a considerable attention due to their fast and reliable performance. There exist many semi-supervised classification algorithms in machine learning literature such as low density separation (LDS) and Transductive SVM (TSVM). However, most of these are not directly applicable to image segmentation problem due to heavy computational demands. Super pixels substantially reduce the computational requirements of the semi-supervised algorithms, hence, making them applicable to general image segmentation tasks. In this study, we introduce a semi-supervised image segmentation method using machine learning techniques and super pixels. The proposed method yields superior segmentation results over several semi-supervised methods including the popular random walker algorithm. We present experimental evidence suggesting that this interactive image segmentation framework performs well for a broad variety of images.
Public Opinion, Thinly Sliced and Served Hot

Perception Analyzer dial-meter technology has been increasingly deployed to track and display aggregate plots of focus group members’ real-time responses to argumentation in televised political debates convened in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and elsewhere. This article examines data cited to establish the Perception Analyzer’s reliability and validity; traces the tool’s historical roots to a Cold War machine nicknamed “Little Annie”; explores recent public controversies surrounding the tool’s use; and reflects on how real-time dial metering shapes the political terrain through a hidden curriculum that teaches contestable notions of public debate spectatorship and citizenship.
Preparing Students with Special Needs for Reintegration Curriculum-Based Measurement's Impact on Transenvironmental Programming

The original intent of special education pull-out services was to remove students from general education temporarily for intensive, individualized instruction in deficit areas. In many school districts, however, it seems that once students participate in pull-out services, there is little effort to return them to general education. One explanation for this is that not much is known about how best to prepare students for movement up the cascade of services, including reintegration into the mainstream. A promising reintegration approach is transenvironmental programming (TP). Research suggests that supplementing TP with continuous progress monitoring, specifically via curriculum-based measurement (CBM), better prepares students for reintegration than either TP or CBM alone. Findings from the present study provide a possible explanation: Results suggest that special educators using TP who receive CBM information about their students' academic progress are more likely to plan and implement academic interventions in preparation for students' transition than are those special educators who do not receive this information. This supports the hypothesis that the relatively greater success of TP + CBM is due to increased attention to academic preparation. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The Masters Athlete: A Review of Current Exercise and Treatment Recommendations.

Context:With the ever-increasing number of masters athletes, it is necessary to understand how to best provide medical support to this expanding population using a multidisciplinary approach.Eviden...
Abstract W MP20: PerfAngio: A Software Solution for Quantitative Perfusion Angiography

Background: Visualization and quantification of blood flow are essential for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases. For rapid imaging of the cerebrovasculature, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard as it offers high spatial resolution. The video densitometric theory has established in the early 1980’s the relationship between the intensity of DSA images and blood flow. This theoretical foundation enables the computation of parametric maps summarizing blood volume, flow, and delay by tracking the injected contrast agent across the vasculature. Although perfusion imaging is widely used with MR and CT, it has yet to be translated into accessible software for DSA. Methods: We introduce Perfusion Angiography (PerfAngio) software to calculate multi-parametric perfusion maps, including: CBV, CBF, MTT, TTP, and Tmax. These are produced by deconvolution of the time-density curve with the arterial input function and displayed as high-definition color-coded ima...
Alterations in primate sperm motility with maturation and during exposure to theophylline

Micropuncture was used to collect pure suspensions of sperm from the caput and cauda regions of chimpanzee epididymides, which were analyzed with a Motion Analysis VP-110. Sperm recovered from the caput region showed no forward motility. Incubation of these sperm with cauda epididymal fluid affected motility in 62%-90% of the sperm. Dilution of cauda sperm into buffer containing >50 mM theophylline resulted in immediate initiation of progressive forward motility. Although this motility was maintained by at least 50% of the sperm for over 5 hr, these "activated" caput sperm did not penetrate zona-free hamster ova. These data show that sperm from the caput epididymis of the chimpanzee have the capacity for normal motility but do not have the capacity to bind to and penetrate an ovum. Cauda epididymal chimpanzee sperm were motile at the time of recovery and this motility was maintained for over 5 hr. These sperm penetrated both hamster zona-free ova and intact chimpanzee ova. These data show that sperm from the cauda epididymis of the chimpanzee have the capacity for normal motility and also have the capacity to bind to and penetrate an ovum. This is the first use of computer assisted analysis to quantify motility in maturing nonhuman primate sperm.
Gun Control: College Student Attitudes and the Meaning for Appalachian Social Workers

Senseless and tragic shootings across communities such as Newtown, Connecticut have riveted public attention on gun control. Bombarded by pro- and anti-gun-control forces, policy makers are often reactionary. Social workers must deal with these policies and the clients who fear them. Social scientists have suggested that cultural world views have greater influence on this issue than any other predictors. A survey of rural Appalachian college students (N=294) explored gun control attitudes in order to consider what makes compromise and consensus on the issue of gun control so difficult. It considers these influences and their implications for rural social workers.
Fold recognition by combining sequence profiles derived from evolution and from depth‐dependent structural alignment of fragments

Recognizing structural similarity without significant sequence identity has proved to be a challenging task. Sequence-based and structure-based methods as well as their combinations have been developed. Here, we propose a fold-recognition method that incorporates structural information without the need of sequence-to-structure threading. This is accomplished by generating sequence profiles from protein structural fragments. The structure-derived sequence profiles allow a simple integration with evolution-derived sequence profiles and secondary-structural information for an optimized alignment by efficient dynamic programming. The resulting method (called SP(3)) is found to make a statistically significant improvement in both sensitivity of fold recognition and accuracy of alignment over the method based on evolution-derived sequence profiles alone (SP) and the method based on evolution-derived sequence profile and secondary structure profile (SP(2)). SP(3) was tested in SALIGN benchmark for alignment accuracy and Lindahl, PROSPECTOR 3.0, and LiveBench 8.0 benchmarks for remote-homology detection and model accuracy. SP(3) is found to be the most sensitive and accurate single-method server in all benchmarks tested where other methods are available for comparison (although its results are statistically indistinguishable from the next best in some cases and the comparison is subjected to the limitation of time-dependent sequence and/or structural library used by different methods.). In LiveBench 8.0, its accuracy rivals some of the consensus methods such as ShotGun-INBGU, Pmodeller3, Pcons4, and ROBETTA. SP(3) fold-recognition server is available on http://theory.med.buffalo.edu.