cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VEGF Drives the Car toward Better Gas Exchange

How lung epithelium and endothelium co-develop to maintain structural integrity of alveoli remains unclear. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Ellis et al. define how epithelial Vegfa directs development of a distinct endothelial cell population that ultimately plays a critical role in ensuring appropriate alveolar septation during alveologenesis.
Temperature-dependent absorption cross section measurements for propene, 1-butene, cis-/trans-2-butene, isobutene and 1,3-butadiene in the spectral region 8.4–11.7 µm

Abstract We present a comprehensive study on the temperature-dependent mid-infrared absorption spectra between 8.4 µm and 11.7 µm for a complete list of C3-C4 alkenes, namely propene, 1-butene, cis-/trans-2-butene and isobutene, as well as 1,3-butadiene, from room temperature to roughly 1000 K. The methodology deploys a rapid-tuning, broad-scan external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (EC-QCL) in a shock tube and can provide quantitative absorption information at a rate in excess of 30 cm − 1 /ms at spectral intervals between 0.35–0.6 cm − 1 . The experimental procedure was validated with room-temperature, nitrogen-diluted, static spectra measurements for propene, 1-butene, isobutene, and 1,3-butadiene, showing good agreement with existing spectroscopic databases. Spectral measurements were extended to higher temperatures with shock-heated test gas mixtures diluted by argon, at experimental conditions between 600–1000 K and 1.5–2.5 atm. The resulting spectra show strong temperature dependence and represent the first experimental collection of broadband high-temperature absorption spectra for these species. The measured high-temperature spectra are in reasonable agreement with predictions from fixed-wavelength absorption cross section correlations in the literature. The data presented are archived in the Stanford ShockGas-IR database and provide useful expansions of the existing knowledge on molecular absorption in the mid-infrared at elevated temperatures.
Drivers of realized satellite tracking duration in marine turtles.

Satellite tags have revolutionized our understanding of marine animal movements. However, tags may stop transmitting for many reasons and little research has rigorously examined tag failure. Using a long-term, large-scale, multi-species dataset, we evaluated factors influencing tracking duration of satellite tags to inform study design for future tracking studies. We leveraged data on battery status transmitted with location data, recapture events, and number of transmission days to probabilistically quantify multiple potential causes of failure (i.e., battery failure, premature detachment, and tag damage/fouling). We used a combination of logistic regressions and an ordinary linear model including several predictor variables (i.e., tag type, battery life, species, sex, size, and foraging region). We examined subsets of data from 360 satellite tags encompassing 86,889 tracking days deployed on four species of marine turtles throughout the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and Bahamas from 2008 to 2019. Only 4.1% of batteries died before failure due to other causes. We observed species-specific variation in how long tags remain attached: hawksbills retained 50% of their tags for 1649 days (95% CI 995–1800), loggerheads for 584 days (95% CI 400–690), and green turtles for 294 days (95% CI 198–450). Estimated tracking duration varied by foraging region (Caribbean: 385 days; Bahamas: 356; southern Gulf of Mexico [SGOM]: 276, northern Gulf of Mexico [NGOM]: 177). Additionally, we documented species-specific variation in estimated tracking duration among foraging regions. Based on sensor data, within the Gulf of Mexico, across species, we estimated that 50% of tags began to foul after 83 95% CI (70–120) days. The main factor that limited tracking duration was tag damage (i.e., fouling and/or antenna breakage). Turtles that spent most of their time in the Gulf of Mexico had shorter tracking durations than those in the Bahamas and Caribbean, with shortest durations observed in the NGOM. Additionally, tracking duration varied by species, likely as a result of behaviors that damage tags. This information will help researchers, tag companies, permitting agencies, and funders better predict expected tracking durations, improving study designs for imperiled marine turtles. Our results highlight the heterogeneity in telemetry device longevity, and we provide a framework for researchers to evaluate telemetry devices with respect to their study objectives.
Rare monosomy 7 and deletion 7p at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated phase

Clonal cytogenic evolution with the development of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a marker for disease progression and is known to impact therapy and survival. The presence of ACAs has been shown to affect the responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with newly diagnosed CML in accelerated phase (CML-AP). We report a rare case of a CML patient who presented in CML-AP and was found to have multiple ACAs including monosomy 7, deletion 7p, trisomy 8, and an extra Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) in separate Ph-positive cell line, respectively. Six months after combined chemotherapy with TKI, the patient achieved a major cytogenetic response with disappearance of monosomy 7/deletion 7p with no major molecular response.
Cortically-Coupled Generative Adversarial Network for Target Image Retrieval in Rapid Image Search

Rapid growth in the multimedia and healthcare domain resulted in a tremendous increase in visual data. It has become difficult to access this visual data due to its huge volume and unstructured nature. Over the past few decades, computer vision research is focused on finding a smart way to retrieve the visual data of interest in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) events and understanding the brain sensory stimuli response to such events. In this paper, the focus is on developing the system that can relate a brain state to target identification and analysis in an RSVP. In this research, the P300 event occurred due to the shift in attention is analyzed and captured using the electroencephalogram (EEG). A model called Cortically-Coupled Generative Adversarial Network is proposed using this analysis. This model identifies and retrieves the target image in RSVP events. The evaluation of the proposed model demonstrates the combination of EEG signals and cortically-coupled GAN could effectively use to develop a smart way to retrieve the visual data of interest.
Drilling Booms and Housing Shortages: Is the Market Nimble Enough to Replace Government Intervention?

During the recent drilling booms in the Marcellus, Bakken, and Fayetteville shale regions media reports of the evictions of low-income households from their rental properties due to rising rents spurred calls for the creation of need-based governmental housing assistance programs. However, further investigations reveal that these regions experienced a substantial increase in housing and hotel construction concurrent with the surge in drilling. The quick response of the housing market combined with a delay in implementation of these programs begs the question whether the problem of housing shortages might be better solved by the private market rather than governmental intervention.
Systematic characterization of extracellular glycoproteins using mass spectrometry

Surface and secreted glycoproteins are essential to cells and regulate many extracellular events. Because of the diversity of glycans, the low abundance of many glycoproteins, and the complexity of biological samples, a system-wide investigation of extracellular glycoproteins is a daunting task. With the development of modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, comprehensive analysis of different protein modifications including glycosylation has advanced dramatically. This review focuses on the investigation of extracellular glycoproteins using MS-based proteomics. We first discuss the methods for selectively enriching surface glycoproteins and investigating protein interactions on the cell surface, followed by the application of MS-based proteomics for surface glycoprotein dynamics analysis and biomarker discovery. We then summarize the methods to comprehensively study secreted glycoproteins by integrating various enrichment approaches with MS-based proteomics and their applications for global analysis of secreted glycoproteins in different biological samples. Collectively, MS significantly expands our knowledge of extracellular glycoproteins and enables us to identify extracellular glycoproteins as potential biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment.
Abstract 352: The Effect of the Extracellular Matrix of Failing Hearts on Cardiac Stem Cells

Objective: Stem cell therapy to repair cardiac damage, caused by the pathological remodeling that occurs in cardiovascular disease, represents a cutting edge therapeutic option toward preventing an...
Integration of multi-ring on the MetaRing architecture

The author describes the principles for constructing a single MetaRing system that is composed of multiple rings. The motivation for such a structure is to increase the spatial reuse and to enhance the fault tolerance of the system. Each ring in this structure can be viewed as a cluster of users with relatively higher internal interaction than external interaction with users in other clusters. The MetaRing architecture is a full-duplex ring with fairness and spatial reuse. Concurrent access and spatial reuse enable the simultaneous transmissions over disjoint segments of a bidirectional ring and, therefore, can increase the effective throughput, in each direction, by a factor of 4 or more. The fairness mechanism for this architecture is distributed, based on a control signal that regulates the access to the ring, and is extremely simple and robust. The efficiency of this architecture does not degrade as the bandwidth and physical size of the system increases. >
What is Language? Some Preliminary Remarks*

There are three essential I want to get across in this article in addition to the analysis of relations of nonlinguistic to linguistic intentionality. First I want to emphasize how the structure of prelinguistic intentionality enables us to solve the problems of the relation of reference and predication and the problem of the unity of the proposition. The second point is about deontology. The basic intellectual motivation that drives this second part of his argument is the following: there is something left out of the standard textbook accounts of language as consisting of syntax, semantics and phonology with an extra-linguistic pragmatics thrown in. Basically what is left out is the essential element of commitment involved in having a set of conventional devices that encode the imposition of conditions of satisfaction on conditions of satisfaction. The third part of the article is about the creation of a social and institutional ontology by linguistically representing certain facts as existing, thus creating the facts. When we understand this third point we will get a deeper insight into the constitutive role of language in the construction of society and social institutions.
Scabrous complexes with Notch to mediate boundary formation

The mechanisms that establish and sharpen pattern across epithelia are poorly understood. In the developing nervous system, the first pattern elements appear as ‘proneural clusters’. In the morphogenetic furrow of the immature Drosophila retina proneural clusters emerge in a wave as a patterned array of 6–10-cell groups, which are recognizable by expression of Atonal, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that is required to establish and pattern the first cell fate1,2,3. The establishment and subsequent patterning of Atonal expression requires activity of the signalling transmembrane receptor Notch2,4. Here we present in vivo and biochemical evidence that the secreted protein Scabrous associates with Notch, and can stabilize Notch protein at the surface. The result is a regulation of Notch activity that sharpens proneural cluster boundaries and ensures establishment of single pioneer neurons.
Patterns of change in cognitive function with anastrozole therapy.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effects of the first 18 months of anastrozole therapy on cognitive function in women with breast cancer. METHODS This large, longitudinal cohort study was composed of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer who received chemotherapy plus anastrozole (n = 114) or anastrozole alone (n = 173) and a control group (n = 110). Cognitive function was assessed before systemic therapy and 6, 12, and 18 months after therapy initiation and at comparable time points in controls. RESULTS The chemotherapy-anastrozole and anastrozole-alone groups had poorer executive function than the controls at nearly all time points (P < .0001 to P = .09). A pattern of deterioration in working memory and concentration was observed during the first 6 months of anastrozole therapy for the chemotherapy-anastrozole group (P < .0001 and P < .0009, respectively) and the anastrozole-alone group (P = .0008 and P = .0002, respectively). This was followed by improved working memory and concentration from 6 to 12 months in both groups. The anastrozole-alone group had a second decline in working memory and concentration from 12 to 18 months after the initiation of therapy (P < .0001 and P = .02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Women with breast cancer had poorer executive functioning from the period before therapy through the entire first 18 months of therapy. A pattern of decline in working memory and concentration with initial exposure to anastrozole was observed. Women receiving anastrozole alone had a second deterioration in working memory and concentration from 12 to 18 months after therapy initiation. The longer term effects (>18 months) of anastrozole on cognitive function remain to be determined. Cancer 2015;121:2627–2636. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Incidence and risk factors for a second hip fracture in elderly women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures

Women with hip fracture have an increased risk of second hip fracture but other risk factors for a second hip fracture have not been established. We sought to determine the incidence and risk factors for second hip fracture, in a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling postmenopausal women over 65 years: the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. From a cohort of 9,704 women, 632 women with a documented first hip fracture during the study were followed up until a second hip fracture or the end of follow-up. Clinical risk factors and bone mineral density were assessed at the beginning of the study. Fifty-three second hip fractures were validated by radiographs. Women with hip fracture had a 2.3% per year risk of second hip fracture. Women who walked for exercise at baseline were less likely to sustain a second hip fracture with a relative risk (RR) of 0.5 [0.3–0.9], as were those who had normal depth perception (RR=0.5 [0.3–0.9]). Women who lost weight since age 25 years had an increased risk of second incident hip fracture (RR = 2.7 [1.6–4.6]), as did those who had a low calcaneal bone mineral density (RR=1.5 [1.1–2.0] per standard deviation decrease in bone mineral density). Current use of estrogen replacement therapy at baseline was protective (RR=0.5 [0.3–0.9]) up to 2 years of follow-up. We conclude that community-dwelling women with a first hip fracture have a high risk of second hip fracture, and risk factors for this second fracture are similar to those of first hip fracture.
Unilateral foveal hypoplasia in a child with bilateral anterior segment dysgenesis

In patients with foveal hypoplasia, anterior segment dysgenesis and an absence of systemic findings, consider a recently described syndrome of foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA) in the differential diagnosis.
Knowledge Assets: Governmental Measurement Standards

The academic and practitioner literature is replete with definitions of the concepts of intellectual capital, knowledge assets, and their measurement. What is missing is the connectivity among them in the public sector (government and not-for-profit) context. This paper presents an overview of the definitions, reviews the research efforts to develop appropriate metrics for knowledge assets in public sector organizations, and then suggests directions for future research.
Substitution and Catalytic Chemistry of Gyroscope‐Like Complexes Derived from Cl–Rh–CO Rotators and Triply trans Spanning Di(trialkylphosphine) Ligands

Reactions of trans-[Rh(CO)(Cl){P{(CH2)14}3P2(Rh–P2)}] (1) with ZnPh2, MeLi, or NaBH4 give the chloride-substitution products trans-[Rh(CO)(Ph){P{(CH2)14}3P2(Rh–P2)}] (3, 89 %), trans-[Rh(CO)(Me){P{(CH2)14}3P2(Rh–P2)}] (94 %, 92 % purity), and trans-[Rh(CO)(H2BH2){P{(CH2)14}3P2(Rh–P2)}] (5, 99 %). The crystal structures of 3, 5, and the corresponding (fortuitously obtained) bromide complex are determined, and the ability of the X–Rh–CO moieties to rotate is interpreted in terms of their effective radii and the void space within the dibridgehead diphosphine cage. Reaction of 1 and excess PMe3 gives the diphosphine substitution product trans-[Rh(CO)(Cl)(PMe3)2] (89 %) and the dibridgehead diphosphine P[(CH2)14]3P (58 %). Complex 5 serves as a catalyst precursor for the hydroformylation of 1-octene (neat or THF, 60 °C, 75 psig 1:1 CO/H2). The locus of catalysis with respect to the diphosphine cage is discussed.
Magnetic Fields on Solar-Like Stars: The First Decade

I review the progress made over the past decade in the measurement of magnetic fields on solar-like stars. I describe the evolution of magnetic analysis techniques, summarize our current understanding of stellar magnetic properties, and outline some future research directions.
Activated Dissociation of CO2 on Rh(111) and CO Oxidation Dynamics

The activated dissociative chemisorption of CO2 on Rh(111) is characterized theoretically with the aid of detailed balance simulations of the CO2 product state distributions measured in thermally d...
Periodic swarms of the salp Salpa aspera in the Slope Water off the NE United States: Biovolume, vertical migration, grazing, and vertical flux

Abstract Sampling during four summers over a twenty-seven year period has documented dense populations of Salpa aspera in the Slope Water south of New England, northeastern United States. The salps demonstrated a strong pattern of diel vertical migration, moving to depth (mostly 600–800 m) during the day and aggregating in the epipelagic ( 100 m ) at night. Filtration rates determined from both gut pigment analysis and direct feeding experiments indicated that both the aggregate and solitary stages filtered water at rates ranging from 0.5 to 6 l h - 1 ml - 1 biovolume. Maximum displacement volumes of salps measured were 5.7 l m - 2 in 1986 and 1.6 l m - 2 in 1993. Depending on the year, the sampled salp populations were calculated to clear between 8 and 74% of the upper 50 m during each 8 h night. Total fecal output for the same populations was estimated to be between 5 and 91 mg C m - 2 night - 1 . These results, and other observations, suggest this region is a salp “hot spot”, with swarms of S. aspera developing seasonally on a frequent basis.
String thermal tachyons as multiparticle instabilities

Abstract The bosonic string on R25 × S1 has a series of states turning tachyonic at radii implying T=lTH. We employ the B picture to examine these thermal states in the one-loop free energy and find them in various combinations, factorizing towards rational points on the real line boundary of the fundamental domain B : ( -1 2 Re τ ⩾ 1 2 , Im τ ⩾ 0) . These thermal tachyons are interpreted as signaling Hagedorn instabilities against the production of an l-highly-excited-identical-strings state, which gives a relation between the one-loop partition function and l-point functions.
VERBAL AND MATHEMATICAL ABILITY OF HIGH SCHOOL JUNIORS IN 1974: A NORMS STUDY OF PSAT/NMSQT

This study was undertaken to obtain current information on the performance of a national sample of all high school juniors on the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT). The distributions of scores for such a sample are useful in score interpretation because they make it possible to find a student's relative standing in a suitable reference group. Beginning in 1960, results of similar surveys have been used to prepare national norms for the PSAT and SAT. Because the students taking these tests are self-selected with respect to ability, national norms based on all students provide a useful supplement to descriptive statistics based on test candidate groups. The steady decline of SAT scores beginning in 1963–64 suggested the need for new data to replace those obtained from a similar study conducted in 1966. The sample design for this study was similar to that used in the surveys conducted in 1960 and 1966. Provision was made, however, to replace nonparticipating schools in the initial sample with similar schools. Substantial attention was given to evaluating the representativeness of the sample by comparing participating with nonparticipating schools on the basis of geographical region, control, and percentage of minority students and by comparing student data for the norms sample with data from the National Longitudinal Study. The results of this study were compared with those of the 1960 and 1966 norms studies. These comparisons, although not definitive, should be considered in assessing whether a shift in the ability level of high school students generally can help to account for the SAT score decline.
An assessment of satisfaction with ambulatory child psychiatry consultation services to primary care providers by parents of children with emotional and behavioral needs: the massachusetts child psychiatry access project university of massachusetts parent satisfaction study.

This study evaluated parents’ experience with University of Massachusetts (UMass) Child Psychiatry Access Project (MCPAP), a consultation service to primary care providers (PCP), aimed at improving access to child psychiatry. Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) was sent to families referred to UMass MCPAP by their PCP, asking about their concerns leading to the referral, the satisfaction from the service provided, adequacy of the follow up plan, and outcome. Seventy nine percent of parents agreed or strongly agreed that the services provided were offered in a timely manner. Fifty percent agreed or strongly agreed that their child’s situation improved following their contact with the services. Sixty nine percent agreed or strongly agreed that the service met their family’s need. The results suggest moderate to high parental satisfaction with MCPAP model, but highlight ongoing challenges in making successful referrals for children’s mental health services in the community, following MCPAP recommendations.
Computational analysis of hypersonic shock wave/wall jet interaction

The purpose of this study is to investigate the CFD code General Aerodynamic Simulation Program (GASP) for application to a specific scramjet combustor phenomenon, that of an adverse pressure gradient caused by an oblique shock wave impinging upon a wall cooling film. The basis of this investigation is data available from an existing experimental study, which includes wall pressure, wall heat transfer, and schlieren photographs. This experimental study was conducted at a nominal Mach number of 6.0 in the Calspan 48-inch shock tunnel. The particular case of interest generates flow separation at the shock impingement point. Two algebraic turbulence models, the Baldwin-Lomax model and the Goldberg model, are considered for this computational study. Resultant computational wall pressure and heat transfer for both turbulence models are compared with experimental data. The Goldberg turbulence model provides a more accurate prediction of the recirculation region, and as a result, a better comparison with the experimental data.
Structure and morphology of vinylidene chloride—methyl acrylate copolymers

Abstract The structure and morphology of vinylidene chloridemethyl acrylate copolymers were studied using small-angle and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Long period increased with comonomer concentration for compressionmolded films crystallized at the same temperature. An increase in the “a” dimension of the unit cell was noted for the “as polymerized” powder as comonomer content increased. Sequence distribution information obtained from the instantaneous copolymer composition equation agreed well with the observed powder data. No such trend was observed for melt-crystallized films, possibly because of a greater restriction on crystallization and a lower level of crystallinity within these samples.
Photosynthetic water oxidation vs. mitochondrial oxygen reduction: distinct mechanistic parallels.

The photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex (PSII-OEC) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) not only catalyze anti-parallel reactions (the OEC oxidizes water to dioxygen, whereas CcO reduces dioxygen to water), they also share a number of uncanny molecular and mechanistic similarities. Both feature a redox-active polymetallic cluster that includes a key tyrosine, and both utilize a two-phase mechanism. In one phase the polymetallic cluster undergoes four sequential one-electron transfers: In the PSII-OEC, four successive photooxidations of the photosystem II reaction center P680 (to P680+) allows acceptance of 4 × 1e- from the Mn4Ca cluster; in CcO, four reduced cytochrome c Fe2+ cations donate 4 × 1e- to the bimetallic center. In the second phase for each enzyme, the polymetallic cluster undergoes a single four-electron transfer with the O2/2 H2O redox couple. Intriguing mechanistic similarities between these two complex redox enzymes first delineated over a decade ago by Hoganson/Proshlyakov/Babcock et al. are updated and expanded in this article.
Inhibition of EGF-dependent mitogenesis by prostaglandin E2 in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts

Lipid metabolism can play an important role in the development and progression of human cancers. We have used Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts as a model system to study how lipid metabolites can alter cell proliferation and apoptosis. For example, the linoleic acid metabolite 13(S)-HpODE enhances EGF-dependent growth by inhibiting de-phosphorylation of the EGFR which leads to activation of the MAP kinase pathway. In contrast, the arachidonic acid metabolite, PGE2, inhibits EGF-dependent mitogenesis and the expression of the proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-jun, and jun-B. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which PGE2 attenuates these responses by studying the EGF signaling cascade in SHE cells. PGE2 pretreatment caused a concentration-dependent decrease in EGF-dependent phosphorylation of MAP kinase and a corresponding inhibition of EGF-stimulated MAP kinase activity. Pretreatment of the SHE cells with PGE2 had little effect on the magnitude of EGF-dependent receptor auto-phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of GAP suggesting a down-stream target. Treatment of cells with forskolin and EGF causes similar inhibition of MAP kinase phosphorylation as observed with PGE2 and EGF. Since PGE2 elevates cAMP in these cells, it may act by altering cAMP accumulation. Raf-1 activity can be inhibited by a cAMP-dependent process. Raf-1 activity, measured by phosphorylation of Mek-1, was attenuated by the addition of PGE2. To determine if inhibition of Raf-1 activity causes inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway, cells were concomitantly incubated with PGE2 and EGF. Inhibition of MAP kinase phosphorylation was observed. From these data, we propose that in SHE cells PGE2 increases cAMP levels, which in turn causes inhibition of Raf-1 activity. The MAP kinase pathway is thus downregulated which decreases mitogenesis and proto-oncogene expression. This study demonstrates that an arachidonic acid metabolite can modulate phosphorylation and activity of key signal transduction proteins in a growth factor mitogenic pathway.
Pathophysiological Basis of lumbar disc degeneration: Imaging analysis

This article provides a brief synopsis of the pathoanatomic basis of disc degeneration. An attempt is made to correlate CT, MR and CT discographic findings. The T2-weighted sagittal images are the most sensitive for evaluating disc degeneration. The contour changes on axial CT and MR scans are sensitive for abnormalities but not always specific. The CT discogram adds information unavailable by other imaging methods pertaining to the internal architecture of the disc. It additionally defines focal nuclear herniations and also is helpful in evaluating the stage of disc degeneration.
COGNITIVE THEISM: SOURCES OF ACCOMMODATION BETWEEN SECULARISM AND RELIGION

. Religion persists, even within enlightened secular society, because it has adaptive functions. In particular, Ralph Wendell Burhoe's theory holds that religion is the repository of cultural wisdom that most encourages mutual altruism among nonkin, long-term social survival, and human progress. This article suggests a variant of Burhoe's rationalized naturalistic view. Cognitive theism is a proposal that secularists sometimes take religion on its own terms by suspending disbelief about God. If we consider particular human capacities and limitations in memory, perception, personality, and motivation, the regulated “mind expansion” of cognitive theism may help us to evaluate, coordinate, and invigorate things in a modern environment. In this environment, communicative and travel technologies have led to a high loading of consciousness with a historically unusual diverse range of experiences and responsibilities, a high rate of cultural change relative to biological evolution, and a tendency to factionalize. Burhoe's extension of the concept of symbiosis to the coevolution of culture and genes is modified here in recognition of individual differences and of individuals' potential for choosing strategies, recombining in groups, and learning. In human biocultural symbiont pools, cultural phenomena can evolve while changing partners in a dance with genetic substrates, a dance that broadly supports these substrates. In the context of diversity and incessant change in a large predominantly secular community, Judeo-Christian monotheism can have a valuable advisory unifying function.
Wakimoto to head NSF geosciences directorate

Roger Wakimoto has been selected as the new assistant director for the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Directorate for Geosciences (GEO), the agency announced on 7 November. Wakimoto, who has been director of the NSF-sponsored National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo., since 2010, begins his NSF appointment in February 2013. His selection culminates a national search begun last year to find a successor to former GEO assistant director Tim Killeen, whose term ended in June 2012. Margaret Cavanaugh has served as acting assistant director since Killeen's departure. An AGU member, Wakimoto is a geophysicist with expertise in tornadoes, thunderstorms, and other severe weather. He previously served as associate director for NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory and as a professor and chair of the Department of Atmospheric Science at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Depth separation and the Ponzo illusion.

The Ponzo illusion refers to an apparent change in length of objectively equal parallel lines induced by enclosure within an acute angle. The present study investigated this illusory change in stimulus extent as a function of the relative depth positions of the parallel lines and the inducing angle. To permit facile and unconfounded manipulation of apparent depth, the stimuli comprising the Ponzo configuration were stereoscopic contours formed from dynamic random-element stereograms. The main results were: (1) apparent depth separation exerted a strong influence on illusion magnitude; (2) this influence was asymmetrical in that illusion magnitude decreased when the inducing angle appeared in depth behind the parallel lines and increased when the inducing angle appeared in depth in front of the lines. These data are consistent with a general theory of space perception that assumes that information about depth position is processed prior to information about stimulus characteristics.
Entrepreneurial network development: Trusting in the process

Abstract An entrepreneur's network can provide a significant source of social capital, which, in turn, may increase a new venture's likelihood of success. Entrepreneurship research has frequently examined how such networks develop, and reviewing extant studies suggests that trust plays a significant role in this process. Despite its recognized importance, limited research exists examining how trust evolves during and interacts with the entrepreneur's venture network development. Accordingly, we propose that an entrepreneur's reliance on exchange relationships based on affective and cognitive trust will vary as the entrepreneur moves through the network development process. We conclude by discussing both the model's implications and future research avenues.
Pursuing the link between neurons and behavior.

Hohl et al. (2013) found that fluctuations in neuronal responses in the middle temporal area (MT) are correlated with variability in smooth pursuit eye movements. The pattern of neuron-behavior correlations constrains models of how sensory neurons guide behavior and establishes pursuit as an attractive model system for studying how sensory neurons guide behavior.
Renormalization of generalized two-dimensional nonlinear σ models

Abstract We study the renormalization up to two loops of bosonic and supersymmetric d = 2 nonlinear σ models with Wess-Zumino-Witten-like terms. Including the torsion generated by the WZW term in a background field expansion, we find that these models are one-loop UV finite on quasi-Ricci-flat spaces, i.e. R (ij) +▽ (i V j) = 0 and R [ij] +T ij k V k +▽ [i λ j] = 0 for some vectors Vi and λi. When Vi = 0 these are Ricci flat spaces with harmonic torsion. The supersymmetric models are shown to be two-loop UV finite on such manifolds as well. For the bosonic models this is not the case, but their β functions depend only on generalized curvatures.
Synthetic analyses of phenotypic selection in natural populations: lessons, limitations and future directions

There are now thousands of estimates of phenotypic selection in natural populations, resulting in multiple synthetic reviews of these data. Here we consider several major lessons and limitations emerging from these syntheses, and how they may guide future studies of selection in the wild. First, we review past analyses of the patterns of directional selection. We present new meta-analyses that confirm differences in the direction and magnitude of selection for different types of traits and fitness components. Second, we describe patterns of temporal and spatial variation in directional selection, and their implications for cumulative selection and directional evolution. Meta-analyses suggest that sampling error contributes importantly to observed temporal variation in selection, and indicate that evidence for frequent temporal changes in the direction of selection in natural populations is limited. Third, we review the apparent lack of evidence for widespread stabilizing selection, and discuss biological and methodological explanations for this pattern. Finally, we describe how sampling error, statistical biases, choice of traits, fitness measures and selection metrics, environmental covariance and other factors may limit the inferences we can draw from analyses of selection coefficients. Current standardized selection metrics based on simple parametric statistical models may be inadequate for understanding patterns of non-linear selection and complex fitness surfaces. We highlight three promising areas for expanding our understanding of selection in the wild: (1) field studies of stabilizing selection, selection on physiological and behavioral traits, and the ecological causes of selection; (2) new statistical models and methods that connect phenotypic variation to population demography and selection; and (3) availability of the underlying individual-level data sets from past and future selection studies, which will allow comprehensive modeling of selection and fitness variation within and across systems, rather than meta-analyses of standardized selection metrics.
Immunotherapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease in transgenic mouse models.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a member of a category of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the conformational change of a normal protein into a pathological conformer with a high β-sheet content that renders it resistant to degradation and neurotoxic. In the case of AD the normal soluble amyloid β (sAβ) peptide is converted into oligomeric/fibrillar Aβ. The oligomeric forms of Aβ are thought to be the most toxic, while fibrillar Aβ becomes deposited as amyloid plaques and congophilic angiopathy, which both serve as neuropathological markers of the disease. In addition, the accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau as soluble toxic oligomers and as neurofibrillary tangles is an essential part of the pathology. Many therapeutic interventions are under investigation to prevent and treat AD. The testing of these diverse approaches to ameliorate AD pathology has been made possible by the existence of numerous transgenic mouse models which each mirror different aspects of AD pathology. Perhaps the most exciting of these approaches is immunomodulation. Vaccination is currently being tried for a range of age associated CNS disorders with great success being reported in many transgenic mouse models. However, there is a discrepancy between these results and current human clinical trials which highlights the limitations of current models and also uncertainties in our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of AD. No current AD Tg mouse model exactly reflects all aspects of the human disease. Since the underlying etiology of sporadic AD is unknown, the process of creating better Tg models is in constant evolution. This is an essential goal since it will be necessary to develop therapeutic approaches which will be highly effective in humans.
Overview and outline of Mass-Driver Two

An overview of the Princeton-M.I.T. second mass-driver is presented. Mass-Driver Two is a 13.1 cm caliber system which uses a two coil superconducting bucket and a two-phase in quadrature drive system. Discrete drive coils are individually energized with timing supplied by position-sensing optical detectors. Intermediate energy storage is provided by sector capacitors which are recharged every half cycle by an external power source. A vacuum environment is provided for the superconducting bucket by a 4 inch ID glass pipe with the drive coils surrounding it. Magnetic flight is generated by eddy current repulsion from six copper guide strips lining the glass pipe. The length is 2.5 meters equally divided between acceleration and deceleration sections. Nominal acceleration is 5000 m/sec per sec giving a maximum bucket velocity of 112 m/sec. Regenerative braking is used to decelerate the bucket. Current densities of 25 sq cm are achieved in the superconducting bucket coils and are maintained by a cryogenic service station.
A New Front in the Culture War?: Moral Traditionalism and Voting Behavior in U.S. House Elections

This article examines the effect of cultural values on voting behavior in elections belowthe presidential level. Using data from the American National Election Studies, the article examines the effect of moral traditionalism on individual-level vote choice in U.S. House elections. Findings indicate that a newfront has been opened in the culturewar, with moral traditionalism exerting an indirect effect on vote choice through party identification and, most importantly, a direct effect since the mid-to-late 1990s, one thatwas hitherto not evident. This suggests that a greater emphasis placed on cultural issues by candidates and other political elites, or possibly changes in the images held by the electorate of both parties, has resulted in a moral traditionalism cleavage being driven down to voting behavior at the congressional level. Overall, these findings suggest a widening and deepening of a cultural values-based realignment of the American electorate.
Pre-service teacher learning through one-on-one tutoring: Reporting perceptions through e-mail

Abstract This formative study investigated the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of university students seeking teacher certification toward students with content-area difficulties as well as towards their own tutoring experience. A qualitative analysis of communication with the university course instructors reported through electronic mail (e-mail) messages revealed several themes. The researchers identified the following themes through analysis: instructional growth; emotional attachment; why students failed; self-evaluation; using what is learned; and the e-mail experience. These themes indicate that field-based experiences may benefit students as they are provided varied and regular support systems including both electronic and face-to-face. This support would facilitate discussions about the social and emotional development of tutees and help prospective teachers make more conscious connections among their other course work.
Low Sidelobe Arrays via Dipole Rotation

This communication presents a technique that optimizes the orientation of each dipole in an array to minimize the sidelobes in the co-polarization pattern while constraining the gain of the cross-polarized pattern. A genetic algorithm calls an array cost function modeled using the method of moments.
Prenatal infection of bighorn sheep with protostrongylid lungworms.

PROTOSTRONGYLID lung nematodes are world-wide in distribution1, and have been found to influence seriously the health and productivity of domestic animals2 and may effectively control populations of wild animals3,4. Although it is felt that protostrongylids require land snails as intermediate hosts5,6, all aspects of infection of the final host by these lungworms and related species may not be completely understood.
Sentiments and Patriotism: The Indian National Army, General Elections and the Congress's Appropriation of the INA Legacy

This paper considers the extent to which Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army (INA) contributed to India's liberation from British imperialism. The fundamental issue examined is why leaders of the Indian National Congress appropriated the INA legacy, contrary to two decades of non-violent struggle and regardless of the incompatibility of Bose's ideology and strategic vision. Drawing on published sources that chart policy decisions and illustrate the attitudes of leading actors in the formulation of Congress policy, this paper hypothesizes that Congress leaders defended INA prisoners-of-war and questions why the Congress apparently abandoned its long-established principles for immediate political gains, only to re-prioritize anew India's national interests once the public excitement over the INA had quietened. It illustrates that the Congress's overt and zealous defence of the INA was intended to harness public opinion behind an all-India issue rooted in sentimentalism and patriotism. The paper concludes that such support was crucial to the Congress's post-war electioneering campaign and was designed to counter the Muslim League's equally emotive electoral messages.
Genetic variation and population ecology of some Southeast Asian frogs of the genera Bufo and Rana.

The relationship between population structure and amount of genetic variation within populations has been investigated in seven species of anurans from Southeast Asia. Two populations each of Bufo asper, B. parvus, B. melanostictus, Rana blythi, and R. erythraea and one population each of R. hosei and R. laticeps were studied; all except B. melanostictus and R. erythraea are forest species. Information on distributional characteristics such as general habitat, form of the adult range, the relationships of nonbreeding range to breeding site, the tendency to aggregate at the breeding site, and the size of the breeding aggregation was used to outline major aspects of the breeding structure of each species and predict relative amounts of genic variation. Genetic variation was estimated from measures of protein polymorphism as detected through gel electrophoresis. The assays used were liver EST, FUM, GDH, LAP, LDH, MDH, and total protein; muscle EST, GOT, MDH, and total protein; plasma EST and total protein. The pattern of variation of the populations of Bufo species agreed with predictions based on population structure, with B. asper the least polymorphic, B. melanostictus the most polymorphic, and B. parvus intermediate. Interspecific differences were not as great in Rana as in Bufo. Although R. erythraea was more variable than R. blythi in terms of mean number of morphs per zone (as predicted from distributional characteristics), R. blythi possessed polymorphism at more zones. R. hosei was the most polymorphic Rana studied, but distributional data are insufficient to explain why this was the case.
Breakdown voltage of submicron MOSFETs in fully depleted SOI

The fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET is a candidate for deep-submicron VLSI due to the numerous advantages over bulk silicon devices, including resistance to short- channel effects, reduced parasitic capacitances, improved subthreshold slope, and higher transconductance. However, these devices can exhibit a low source-drain breakdown voltage, which is a result of the triggering of the parasitic bipolar transistor. The breakdown voltage in fully depleted SOI MOSFET's has been studied as a function of both silicon film thickness and channel length. In the long-channel regime (> 2 micrometers ), the breakdown voltage is found to decrease as film thickness is decreased. This is attributed to increasing lateral electric fields as film thickness decreases. As channel lengths are reduced, however, the ultra-thin devices eventually exhibit higher breakdown voltages than the thicker devices. The higher breakdown voltage in the ultra-thin devices is attributed to improved resistance to punchthrough and charging effects. As the channel length is reduced, there is a transition from a bipolar-dominated breakdown regime to a punchthrough-dominated regime. The channel length at which punchthrough becomes significant is greater in thicker films, resulting in lower breakdown voltages at deep-submicron channel lengths. Therefore, ultra-thin films may be preferred over thicker SOI for deep-submicron VLSI.
Section model studies of the Deer Isle-Sedgwick suspension bridge

Abstract The Federal Highway Administration has conducted a series of section model studies to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the Deer Isle-Sedgwick Bridge. This structure is a 49 year old suspension bridge located on the coast of Maine. Wind tunnel tests were performed on a 1:25 scale section model representing a 125-ft (38.1-m) segment of the main span. The model was subjected to both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. During the test program, the bridge exhibited a number of undesirable tendencies. To improve the overall aerodynamic performance, various shape modifications were designed and evaluated. An asymmetric modification of the bridge cross section appears to greatly enhance this structure's behavior.