cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bad Drug Applications: “Katastrophex” Critique

The following arguments were made in favor of the drug application as presented to the Registration Committee. 1. The Belloni Study of 1860 patients studied a wide range of patients which reflected the actual setting of use. Even though moderate, there was some effect in most patients, and no adverse reactions were observed. 2. With respect to other studies, the drug has been shown in the animal and clinical trials to have a wide variety of effects, including an anti-anxiety effect, anti-convulsive effect, and a possible anti-hypertensive and anticholesterolemic effect, as well as a possible use for alcohol withdrawal. No toxicity is seen in high doses as indicated by the anti-convulsant study and post-marketing surveillance in one country has shown no serious adverse effects. Placebo controls were not carried out in any of the studies because in most cases this was felt to be unethical.
Solar design For Wellbeing and Expression: Louis Kahn's Psychiatric Hospital Addition

ABSTRACT: Immediately before completing the Yale Art Gallery, Kahn built a psychiatric hospital in Philadelphia which is a relative footnote in accounts of his institutional work. Although the subject of the building is burdened by stigma and access limited, the Radbill addition to the Philadelphia Psychiatric Hospital warrants renewed attention in light of a sophisticated design that introduced architectural order and deft detailing to a demanding building type. The hospital is organized so that spaces warranting more privacy are at higher levels, corresponding with glazing that is proportionally shorter than at the lower levels. Horizontal shading devices of three different depths are shallower at the upper levels in acknowledgement of a reduced shading burden when windows are shallower. The psychiatric hospital was built at a time when the effects of post-war material rationing was still resonant in the planning of buildings, and institutional buildings were still designed for natural ventilation and conditioning. In this context, passive strategies to counter excessive solar heat gain when daylighting was desirable, since thermal discomfort could not be completely offset by mechanically. As mechanical conditioning became standard in the United States, passives solar control strategies receded and building facades flattened. Despite a scientific basis for shading devices provided by academics including the Olgyay brothers, solar design remains largely an intuitive process. With the advent of digital modeling and analysis, predictability of solar device performance renews cause for exploiting their potential and maximizing daylight while minimizing corresponding liabilities of glazing. Digital analysis also permits better understanding of solar impact on existing buildings allowing for expanded methods of historical analysis and understanding of architectural significance. It advances a position where unseen characteristics of building design are given standing alongside visible characteristics. Central to this is the use academic study of the health benefits of daylighting. KEYWORDS: Daylighting, Shading, Glazing
Nature-Based Physical Recreation Leads to Psychological Well-Being: Evidence from Five Studies

Abstract A variety of positive mental health outcomes have been linked with increased exposure to natural environments. However, there has been minimal investigation into how specific patterns of a...
Interleukin-2 Receptor Directed Immunosuppressive Therapy

An ideal antirejection therapy should, of course, be effective in controlling rejection as well as selectively target only those T-cells that are committed to participate in rejection of the donor graft. Conventional immunosuppressive drugs exact unwanted side effects upon non-lymphoid tissues. The introduction of monoclonal antibodies as pharmacologic tools have been long awaited as therapeutic use of T-cell specific monoclonal antibodies can obviate many side effects on non-lymphoid tissues by providing new opportunities for a more targeted form of immunosuppressive therapy. Nonetheless, the pan-T cell antibodies, used with considerable success in transplantation, react with all T cells, while an ideal therapy would target only those lymphocytes committed to the unwanted immune reaction.
The Natural History of Danon Disease: Lesson Learned from a Global Registry

Introduction Danon Disease (DD) is a rare X-linked autophagic vacuolar myopathy due to LAMP-2 mutation. DD is characterized by high penetrance, severe predominantly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cognitive and skeletal muscle as well as vision impairment. Due to its rarity, the natural history (NH) is still uncertain and delay in diagnosis is common. Methods Individuals and families from the United Kingdom, Australia, and North America completed a survey about symptoms and medical history and shared their medical records with the research team. Results A total of 46 patients (18 families, 43.5% males) with positive genetic testing for DD were included. The majority of patients were Caucasian (93.5%) and from the United States (80.4%). Among the 46 mutations, 23 were described as “pathogenic,” 10 as “likely pathogenic,” 3 as “variant of uncertain significance” and unknown in 10 cases. De novo mutations occurred in 30% of cases. Cardiomyopathy occurred in 85% of patients (19/26 females, 20/20 males) at a median age of 7.3 years for males and 19.4 years for females (p=0.001). Females presented with either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, 69%) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, 2.2%) whereas males presented with HCM 100% of the time. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction was reported in 4.3% of patients. 34.2% of patients were diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Twelve patients (7 females, 5 males) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) Out of the 9 cases in whom contrast was used, 8 (89%) exhibited extensive patchy late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) in multiple segments of the left ventricle; 3 cases also had right ventricular LGE. The median cardiac mass index was 155 g/m2 (Q1-Q3: 70-237; v.n. 31-79 g/m2). Cognitive impairment, mainly described as learning disabilities, was assessed in 90% of males (18/20) and 73.1% (19/26) of females. Symptomatic skeletal myopathy was present in 28 (60.1%) of patients, with a higher prevalence in males (85% vs 45.8%; p Conclusions DD causes significant cardiac morbidity with the need for Htx at a young age in both sexes. While in males DD is more frequently multisystemic with a more rapid clinical deterioration, females may present with isolated cardiac disease. These findings increase understanding of the natural history of DD and highlight the importance of a timely diagnosis regardless of sex.
Assessing Renal Microvascular Reactivity by Laser Speckle-Contrast Imaging in Angiotensin-II-Treated Mice.

Introduction The kidney is one of the main organs affected by microvascular damage wrought by hypertension. We developed an approach to investigate renal microcirculatory disturbance in live mice by measuring post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH), a reactivity test exploring endothelial and neuro-microvascular functioning. Laser speckle-contrast analysis (LASCA) assesses microvascular blood flow; it provides real-time images of spatial and temporal blood flow dynamics. We compared basal blood flow and PORH test between control and angiotensin-II-treated mice (Ang-II) to validate the model. Objective The study objective was to develop an approach to investigate renal microcirculation, and then to compare microvascular reactivity assessed on LASCA in control versus Ang-II mice. Methods Thirty 7-week-old wild-type C57BL/6J mice were allocated into two groups. One received angiotensin-II via osmotic minipumps (Ang-II; n=15); the other served as control (n=15). Basal blood flow was measured on LASCA. The PORH test was then performed in the two groups. Results Control mice had significantly lower basal renal microcirculatory flow, expressed in perfusion units (PU), than Ang-II-treated mice (1448 ± 96 vs 1703 ± 185 PU, respectively; P < 0.05). Peak flow was lower in controls than in Ang-II mice (1617±104 vs.1724 ± 205 PU, respectively; P=0.21). Control mice had significantly higher kidney PORH than Ang-II mice (8±3 vs 1±4%, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusion We developed an innovative technique to study renal microcirculation in mice. Ang-II-treated mice showed significantly higher basal blood flow than controls, while PORH was significantly higher in controls than in Ang-II mice.
Contaminant Biotransport by Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes

In the Laurentian Great Lakes, introduced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) deposit resources and contaminants as carcass and gametic tissue during spawning migrations to tributaries. Such ecosystem linkages can increase growth and contaminant bioaccumulation in stream-resident fish but mechanisms driving this process remain unclear. In this mini-review, we synthesize findings from observational, experimental, and modeling studies related to Pacific salmon contaminant biotransport in the Great Lakes. First, contaminant biotransport varies among Great Lakes basins suggesting that basin-level characteristics including salmon abundance and historic contamination are important factors controlling the movement of contaminants from the lakes to tributaries. Second, stream-resident fish exposed to salmon have 24-fold higher PCB but moderately lower Hg concentrations when compared to locations without salmon. This finding is explained by differential bioaccumulation of PCB and Hg into different tissue types; analysis of salmon tissue indicates that eggs have elevated PCB and lower Hg than carcasses. Third, stream-resident fish exhibit a dietary shift and increased ration reflecting salmon egg consumption. Last, models suggest that salmon egg consumption can drive a trade-off between PCB and Hg bioaccumulation. This review identifies mechanisms controlling the transfer of salmon-derived energy potential strategies for management. Future research should be directed at identifying other biovectors and determining a list of emerging contaminants that could be subject to biotransport.
Impact of a hospital-wide huddle on device utilisation and infection rates: a community hospital's journey to zero.

Background:Device utilisation ratios (DUR) correlate with device-associated complications and rates of infection. We implemented a hospital-wide Daily Interdisciplinary Safety Huddle (DISH) with in...
Integrated Controls-Structures Design Methodology for Flexible Spacecraft

This paper proposes an approach for the design of flexible spacecraft, wherein the structural design and the control system design are performed simultaneously. The integrated design problem is posed as an optimization problem in which both the structural parameters and the control system parameters constitute the design variables, which are used to optimize a common objective function, thereby resulting in an optimal overall design. The approach is demonstrated by application to the integrated design of a geostationary platform, and to a ground-based flexible structure experiment. The numerical results obtained indicate that the integrated design approach generally yields spacecraft designs that are substantially superior to the conventional approach, wherein the structural design and control design are performed sequentially.
The Verticality of White Space: Depths of Ticketing Exposure and Concealment in Chicago’s 42nd Ward:

The peaks and valleys written into Chicago’s 42nd Ward outline themselves against what space is legible to ticketers in the city’s hungriest vehicle ticketing district. It is a space that defies th...
Approximate Solutions of Walrasian Equilibrium Inequalities with Bounded Marginal Utilities of Income

Recently Cherchye et al. (2011) reformulated the Walrasian equilibrium inequalities, introduced by Brown and Matzkin (1996), as an integer programming problem and proved that solving the Walrasian equilibrium inequalities is NP-hard. Brown and Shannon (2002) derived an equivalent system of equilibrium inequalities,i.e., the dual Walrasian equilibrium inequalities. That is, the Walrasian equilibrium inequalities are solvable iff the dual Walrasian equilibrium inequalities are solvable. We show that solving the dual Walrsian equilibrium inequalities is equivalent to solving a NP-hard minimization problem. Approximation theorems are polynomial time algorithms for computing approximate solutions of NP-hard minimization problems. The primary contribution of this paper is an approximation theorem for the equivalent NP-hard minimization problem. In this theorem, we derive explicit bounds, where the degree of approximation is determined by observable market data.
Treatment Modalities and Survival Outcomes for Sinonasal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study utilizes a large population national database to comprehensively analyze prognosticators and overall survival (OS) outcomes of varying treatment modalities in a large cohort of sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (SN-DLBCL) patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database study. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for all SN-DLBCL cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier log-rank test determined differences in OS based on clinical covariates. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to determine clinical and sociodemographic covariates predictive of mortality. RESULTS A total of 2,073 SN-DLBCL patients were included, consisting of 48% female with a mean age of 66.0 ± 16.2 years. Overall, 82% of patients were Caucasian, 74% had early-stage disease, and 49% had primary tumors in the paranasal sinuses. Early-stage patients were more likely to receive multi-agent chemoradiotherapy compared to multi-agent chemotherapy alone (P < .001). Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analysis revealed chemoradiotherapy to confer significantly greater OS improvements than chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61; P < .001). However, subset analysis of late-stage patients demonstrated no significant differences in OS between these treatment modalities (P = .245). On multivariable analysis of chemotherapy patients treated post-2012, immunotherapy (HR = 0.51; P = .024) demonstrated significant OS benefits. However, subset analysis showed no significant advantage in OS with administering immunotherapy for late-stage patients (P = .326). Lastly, for all patients treated post-2012, those receiving immunotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to those not receiving immunotherapy (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Treatment protocol selection differs between early- and late-stage SN-DLBCL patients. Early-stage patients receiving chemotherapy may benefit from immunotherapy as part of their treatment paradigm. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2727-E2735, 2021.
Manifold medicine: A schema that expands treatment dimensionality.

Abstract Drug discovery currently focuses on identifying new druggable targets and drug repurposing. Here, we illustrate a third domain of drug discovery: the dimensionality of treatment regimens. We formulate a new schema called ‘Manifold Medicine’, in which disease states are described by vectorial positions on several body-wide axes. Thus, pathological states are represented by multidimensional ‘vectors’ that traverse the body-wide axes. We then delineate the manifold nature of drug action to provide a strategy for designing manifold drug cocktails by design using state-of-the-art biomedical and technological innovations. Manifold Medicine offers a roadmap for translating knowledge gained from next-generation technologies into individualized clinical practice.
Jenny Lake Lodge and Cabins, Determination of Eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places

During summer 2009, the University of Wyoming American Studies Program conducted an intensive historic building and landscape survey of the Jenny Lake Lodge in Grand Teton National Park (Figure 1). The oldest of Grand Teton Lodge Companyâs visitor accommodations, Jenny Lake Lodge has a long and varied history that spans the period from early 20th century dude ranching to contemporary automobile tourism, and that is closely entwined with the history of Grand Teton National Park itself.
The Postwar Economic Order, Growth, and the Hydrocarbon Economy

A recurring theme of this book is that economics should be approached both from a biophysical and a social perspective. This is especially important when viewing economics through the contours of history. For the vast majority of time humans lived off solar flow. For a very brief moment in time we have been able to appropriate fossil hydrocarbons to power our economy, and the result was a tremendous increase in productivity and the amount of material goods available to humans. Fossil fuels enabled the industrial revolution and beyond. At the same time, the increase in energy does not automatically determine the course of economic history. The industrial revolution consisted of more than simply more energy and more machines. It also entailed a fundamental reorganization of work and the general institutional arrangement of society. The economy of the early twenty-first century is not just a larger version of the economy of the early nineteenth century. It is fundamentally different. This chapter views the development of the American economy from the middle of the twentieth century through the financial crisis and recession of 2008. In 2008 Barack Obama was elected president of the United States with a great deal of optimism. But 2010 saw a conservative resurgence based on poor economic growth. We pose a question. Can the progrowth agenda that dominated the twentieth century withstand the biophysical limits that will be imposed by peak oil and climate change? To answer this crucial question we need to look carefully at the patterns of history as well as viewing carefully the scientific data, which we do with the remainder of this chapter.
The lower uterine segment; its derivation and physiologic behavior.

Abstract The present concept of the lower uterine segment is briefly reviewed. Revision of this concept is made necessary by certain recent work, the essential features of which are outlined. To conform to these observations, it is suggested that the inferior border of the lower uterine segment be placed at the fibromuscular junction of cervix with corpus. It is considered that the superior border of the lower uterine segment occurs at the point along the uterine wall below which the uterus must dilate in order to allow the baby to pass. The lower uterine segment, therefore, is defined as the portion of the uterine musculature which must undergo circumferential dilatation during labor, its extent being dependent upon the size of the presenting part and its level in the uterine cavity. The available evidence suggests that brachystasis, with retraction, occurs in this segment just as it does in the upper, and that thinning in the first stage of labor is due not to passive elongation, but rather to active shortening of the cup-shaped lower pole with dilatation as it is pulled up about the presenting part. It is believed that under normal circumstances, longitudinal elongation of the lower uterine segment occurs only during the second stage of labor when there is significant obstruction to be overcome.
Redacting Race in the Quest for Colorblind Justice: How Racial Privacy Legislation Subverts Antidiscrimination Laws

This article addresses the movement in states to adopt racial privacy legislation. Goodman argues that states that adopt such legislation are preventing the true victims of civil rights violations from obtaining justice and the "colorblind paradigm" from being achieved. Goodman analyzes an Initiative on the October 7, 2003 California ballot that did not pass: Proposition 54, Classification by Race, Ethnicity, Color, or National Origin, that would have prohibited the state from classifying and collecting data on any individual on the basis of race, ethnicity, color or national origin. She then provides a blueprint for any future racial privacy legislation. Goodman considers the implications of such legislation under the Hunter Doctrine. The Hunter Doctrine provides a test for determining whether a political procedure implicates the Equal Protection Clause when members of a protected racial or ethnic class are burdened more heavily than the majority in their efforts to seek beneficial legislation. Because people of color are more likely to see the benefit of civil rights law enforcement, the additional burden of proving civil rights violations falls more heavily on them, resulting in an unequal political process burden that violates the Hunter Doctrine. Finally, Goodman discusses how the provisions governing the recording of racial data in the employment context may be preempted by Titles VI and VII of the 1964 Federal Civil Rights Act. Based on analyzing the characteristics and implications of such racial privacy legislation, Goodman concludes that it is unlikely that it could survive strict scrutiny.
Freire in the Agora: Critical Pedagogy and Civil Discourse

Article for LiCS special issue The New Activism: Composition, Literacy Studies, and Politics.
Investigating the merge of exploratory and normative technology forecasting methods

This paper aims to investigate the origins and historical evolution and revolution of technology forecasting (TF) methods. A thorough review on TF techniques is conducted to help researchers easily capture numerous methodologies as well as research gaps in the TF field. For over 60 years, a number of TF methods have been developed and recently become a distinct field of investigation of future world. The study introduces a historical overview of the development of TF. A variety of TF approaches, initiated in the 1950s, with the pioneering researches carried out by US department of Defense, and some researchers of The RAND Corporation. The paper also offers a classification of the approaches and methods that are available for TF studies. Mostly revolutionary techniques would have been to combine different methods characterized by the several disciplines, such as exploratory and normative approaches. Finally, the paper proposes research gaps of the main TF techniques, identifying their methodological origin and characteristics. Some concluding remarks and lessons learned complete the research.
METABOLIC ALTERATIONS AFTER TOTAL BODY DOSES OF X-RADIATION. EFFECT OF IRRADIATION OF NORMAL LIVER ON DNA SYNTHESIS AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY.

Abstract DNA and RNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver were investigated in vivo and in vitro in animals irradiated prior to partial hepatectomy and sacrificed at various time intervals after irradiation. The administration of 600 r whole-body dose was found to reduce the incorporation of injected thymidine into DNA to 30% of its incorporation into DNA of regenerating liver of nonirradiated animals. This inhibition disappears progressively as the time lapse between irradiation and partial hepatectomy increases. While the administration of 1000 r 24 hours prior to hepatectomy inhibits DNA polymerase and thymidylic kinase activity in liver supernatant fluid of animals sacrificed 24 and 36 hours after hepatectomy, 600 r inhibits thymidylic kinase activity only. The administration of 1000 r whole body dose was without effect on the incorporation of orotic acid-C14 into nuclear RNA in vivo and the incorporation of ATP-C14 into RNA in vitro.
Results of Multi-system Energy Savings Assessments (ESA) for a Chemical Processing Facility

ABSTRACT Multi-system energy savings assessments (ESAs) were completed in the fall of 2007 at a large chemical processing facility in Georgia. The plant manufactures food additives. The assessments were funded by combined contributions from the company and a grant from the state energy office. Energy systems assessed included steam, compressed air, chilled water, and electric motor drives. DOE Best Practice Tools were used to prepare the assessments. For the three energy systems studied, a total of 21 energy savings opportunities with a projected cost savings potential of $2.6 million were identified. These resulting cost savings distributed between the systems were: 44.3 percent boiler/steam, 35.5 percent compressed air, and 20.2 percent chilled water. Opportunities identified were representative ones, and additional opportunities are certainly possible with continued study and use of the DOE tools introduced. The estimated payback of the combined measures was less than one year. The process followed to ...
Transportable 5 MW power supply system for gyrotron operation

A transportable power supply system has been designed to operate gyrotrons at varying locations. The system is designed to operate with an output of -100 kV at 50 A during CW (continuous wave) operation (5 MW). Components that have been modified for the higher power operation, as well as the transportability, are the raw DC power supply and the modulator/regulator. A newly designed capacitor bank, with a crowbar, has been installed as an intermediate element between the power supply and the modulator/regulator, using existing capacitors. When the time comes for the system to be moved to a new location, the system breaks down into six large pieces that can be reassembled in a week. The entire system is controlled by a CAMAC-based computer control system that can easily be tied into the test of the gyrotron subsystems or can be used as a stand-alone system running the power supply system itself. The power supply system will first be at Varian Associates, and it will be used for the development of high-power microwave tubes for the US DOE Gyrotron Development Program. >
The abdominal diameter index and sudden coronary death in men

Alternative anthropometric indexes were compared for their ability to discriminate between 35 Atlanta men with sudden coronary death and 81 male controls. With or without adjustments for age, race, and body mass index, the abdominal diameter index (supine sagittal abdominal diameter divided by midthigh circumference) was associated with sudden coronary death more strongly than the waist/hip ratio or waist/thigh ratio of circumferences.
Analysis of the variability of parameters in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller solution model for the nitric acid-water system

The Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) model was applied to the nitric acid−water system in order to determine the variability of the model constants. The available data were interpreted to obtain values for the entropic and energetic parameters from 9 to 225 m. The values of those parameters and the manner in which they vary are entirely consistent with the known chemistry of the system. The main conclusion is that the BET model should be modified in a fashion which maintains its simplicity and chemical significance. The possibility of such a simple approach to model highly nonideal systems forms the basis for future study.
Adherence to Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Among Latino Immigrants

Tuberculosis infects someone in the world every second. Although TB is preventable and curable, it has resurfaced as a significant health problem in the U.S., particularly among Latino immigrant groups. In this study of 65 Latino immigrants primarily from Central America, we examined adherence to appointments and medication taking during the six months of preventive therapy for latent TB infection. Findings indicated that the Latinos' adherence to appointment keeping ranged from 81% on the first visit to 59% by the sixth monthly visit. Similarly, medication adherence dropped from 89% in the first month to 64% at six months. Demographic factors, self-assessment of health, other support and presence of side effects were examined in the analysis. Implications for public health nursing are discussed.
Feasibility and economic impact of a clinical pathway for pap test utilization in Gynecologic Oncology practice

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility and impact on cost to the U.S. healthcare system of implementing a clinical pathway for Pap test utilization in screening and surveillance of gynecologic cancers in a university-based gynecologic oncology practice. Methods Baseline data were collected for Pap test utilization between 1/1/04 and 6/30/05 and prospectively compared to Pap test utilization following the implementation of a clinical pathway (7/1/05 to 5/30/06). The clinical pathway: 1) employed ACOG guidelines for asymptomatic screening of non-cancer patients, 2) allowed testing at 4 months intervals for cervical/vaginal cancer surveillance, 3) limited testing for endometrial cancer surveillance to 2 tests/60 months, and 4) eliminated testing as part of ovarian cancer surveillance. Relevant costs were calculated using Medicare charge-to-cost ratios and adjusted to 2006 USD. For statistical analysis, differences in Pap test utilization and cost were evaluated using student's t -test. Results During the baseline period, 1725 Pap tests were collected from 5605 ambulatory encounters, for a Pap test rate of 30.8% and an annualized cost of $93,759. After implementation of the clinical pathway, 4209 ambulatory encounters yielded an annual Pap test rate of 11% and an annual cost of $35,728 ( p Conclusions Reduction in the unnecessary use of Pap testing for asymptomatic screening and surveillance for gynecologic cancers through a straightforward clinical pathway is feasible and offers an opportunity for significant cost savings in gynecologic oncology healthcare expenditure.
Demonstrating TRL-6 on the JHU/APL Frontier Radio for the Radiation Belt Storm Probe mission

The NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission, launching in 2012, features two spacecraft that will measure the dynamics of the radiation belts as they proceed in nearly identical orbits around the Earth.12 The Radio Frequency (RF) telecommunications subsystem will utilize an S-Band version of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's (JHU/APL) Frontier Radio. The Frontier Radio is a low-power, low-mass, modular Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform designed for communications, navigation, radio science, and sensor applications. The RBSP Frontier Radio is the first of this platform with a full software implementation to demonstrate a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6. The Engineering Model (EM), with mature packaging, hardware, firmware, and software implementations has successfully completed environmental and compatibility testing designed to simulate the space environment expected for the RBSP mission. The ground support equipment (GSE) utilized a ground station modem with turbo and convolutional decoding and internal bit and frame error rate (BER/FER) testing capabilities. The modem, JHU/APL-built equipment for emulating the spacecraft interfaces, and the use of EM hardware for other RF subsystem components enabled test-as-you-fly scenarios that were used throughout testing. Several novel packaging and process technologies were also qualified during the development of this radio. These include a high-reliability assembly process for installing Quad Flat Pack No-Lead (QFN) integrated circuits and a 152-pin stacking connector that serves as the main interconnect between the functional blocks of the radio. The RBSP radio is the first Frontier Radio to be qualified for a spaceflight mission. This demonstration of a high reliability, low power, and low mass radio further validates the platform for use in future space missions.
Mechanism, regulation and physiological significance of the loop diuretic-sensitive NaCl/KCl symport system in animal cells

Investigations in numerous laboratories have characterized a salt transport system, present in many animal cell types, which catalyzes the transmembrane transport of NaCl and KCI in a tightly coupled process. The system is inhibited by loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide. This transport system has been designated the loop diuretic-sensitive NaCl/KCl symporter. It has been implicated in transepithelial salt secretion and absorption as well as in cell volume regulation, and it may be defective in patients suffering from essential hypertension. This review serves to evaluate research conducted to date regarding the mechanism, mode of regulation, and physiological significance of the transport system. Ion binding specificities and absolute binding constants for all three naturally occurring ions have been determined in one cell system, the MDCK kidney epithelial cell line. In that same cell line, substrate binding was shown to exhibit apparent positive cooperativity. Although a few reports suggest unidirectional transport of ions via this system under certain conditions, the consensus of reports indicates fully reversible, bidirectional salt transport with the direction of net flux determined by the magnitudes of the gradients of the three transported ions. Growth of cells in media containing a low concentration of K+ (<0.25 mM) allows selection of mutants lacking or defective in the symporter. Kinetic analyses with the MDCK cell line have shown that the symporter catalyzes accelerative exchange transport. However, exchange transport of one ion in the absence of one of the other two ionic substrates has not been documented. Comparison with other well-characterized transmembrane transport systems has shown that the characteristics of the NaCl/KCl symporter most resemble those of two-species facilitators (chemiosmotically-coupled symporters) found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike. These two-species facilitators consist of a single transmembrane protein and may function by a carrier-type mechanism as originally proposed by Peter Mitchell. A molecular model for the NaCl/KCl symporter is presented and discussed. Activation of symport activity requires ATP and probably occurs by a protein kinase-catalyzed mechanism. In some cell types activation is cyclic AMP dependent. ATP hydrolysis is not stoichiometric with transport. Phosphorylation of an integral membrane protein with an apparent size of 240 000 daltons correlates with activation of transport. It is postulated that this protein is the loop diuretic-sensitive NaCl/KCl symporter.
Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for the assessment of the rotator cuff after repair: a systematic review.

The purpose of this systematic review was to detect the reliability of the currently available magnetic resonance imaging measurements used in the evaluation of repaired rotator cuff. Search was performed using major electronic databases from their inception to February 2014. All studies reporting post-operative magnetic resonance assessment after rotator cuff repair were included. After the identification of available magnetic resonance criteria, reliability studies were further analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies checklist. One hundred and twenty studies were included in the review. Twenty-six different criteria were identified. Ten studies reported inter-observer reliability, and only two assessed intra-observer reliability of some of the identified criteria. Structural integrity was the most investigated criterion. The dichotomized Sugaya’s classification showed the highest reliability (k = 0.80–0.91). All other criteria showed moderate to low inter-observer reliability. Tendon signal intensity and footprint coverage showed a complete discordance. Intra-observer reliability was high for the presence of structural integrity, and moderate to low for all other criteria. Methodological quality was high only for one study and moderate for three studies. Twenty-six different criteria described by multiple classification systems have been identified for the magnetic resonance assessment of rotator cuff after repair. Reliability of most of them has not been analysed yet. With the data available, only the presence of structural integrity showed good intra- and inter-observer agreement. Systematic review of descriptive and qualitative studies, Level IV.
Observation of Stark-induced-dipole-quadrupole interference in atomic barium.

Quantum interference between an electric-quadrupole transition and a Stark--induced-dipole-transition amplitude leads to a net orientation of an atomic excited state. When the barium 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ 1S-6s5d $^{1}$D transition is excited in the presence of an electric field, we find the induced orientation of the 6s5d $^{1}$D state to be (2.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.59)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$(V/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
Resistance to Systemic Inflammation and Multi Organ Damage after Global Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Arctic Ground Squirrel

Introduction Cardiac arrest (CA) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) are two clinically relevant situations where the body undergoes global ischemia as blood pressure drops below the threshold necessary for adequate organ perfusion. Resistance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a characteristic of hibernating mammals. The present study sought to determine if arctic ground squirrels (AGS) are protected from systemic inflammation and multi organ damage after CA- or HS-induced global I/R and if, for HS, this protection is dependent upon their hibernation season. Methods For CA, rats and summer euthermic AGS (AGS-EU) were asphyxiated for 8 min, inducing CA. For HS, rats, AGS-EU, and winter interbout arousal AGS (AGS-IBA) were subject to HS by withdrawing blood to a mean arterial pressure of 35 mmHg and maintaining that pressure for 20 min before reperfusion with Ringers. For both I/R models, body temperature (Tb) was kept at 36.5–37.5°C. After reperfusion, animals were monitored for seven days (CA) or 3 hrs (HS) then tissues and blood were collected for histopathology, clinical chemistries, and cytokine level analysis (HS only). For the HS studies, additional groups of rats and AGS were monitored for three days after HS to access survival and physiological impairment. Results Rats had increased serum markers of liver damage one hour after CA while AGS did not. For HS, AGS survived 72 hours after I/R whereas rats did not survive overnight. Additionally, only rats displayed an inflammatory response after HS. AGS maintained a positive base excess, whereas the base excess in rats was negative during and after hemorrhage. Conclusions Regardless of season, AGS are resistant to organ damage, systemic inflammation, and multi organ damage after systemic I/R and this resistance is not dependent on their ability to become decrease Tb during insult but may stem from an altered acid/base and metabolic response during I/R.
Use of polarimetry to reduce the impact of clutter in the detection of mines buried in irregular stratified media

Detection of mines buried in irregular stratified media is significantly complicated by the presence of signal clutter due to scattering from the rough interfaces of the layered structure. Full wave solutions have been derived for the electromagnetic fields scattered by the two rough surfaces in a realistic physical model of the three media environment of the mines. They account for five different scattering mechanisms that the waves undergo, assuming that both the transmitter and receiver are above the uppermost interface of the irregular media. Two scattering mechanisms are associated with reflection from above and below the upper interface and two are associated with transmission across the upper interface, the fifth is associated with reflection from above the lower interface. In view of the fact that in general the two rough interfaces are characterized by independent random rough surface heights (except where the thickness of the intermediate medium vanishes) the rough surface height joint probability density functions are characterized by a family of probability density functions associated with the gamma functions. Multiple bounces between the two interfaces are accounted for in the analysis. The elements of the incoherent Mueller matrix (that relates the scattered fields to incident Stokes vectors) are obtained from the expressions for the scattered fields. From the simulated data it is possible to determine the optimal polarizations and the incident and scatter angles of the waves as well as the wavelength, for purposes of suppressing the impact of the clutter on the detection of buried objects.
Mid-parent heterosis and combining ability of European corn borer resistance in maize

Success in breeding maize resistant to the European corn borer has been limited, with the exception of leaf feeding resistance. The inheritance of resistance to leaf, sheath-collar and ear damage in four maize germplasms and their six F1 crosses was evaluated by diallel analysis. Plants in a completely randomized design were artificially infested at the whorl, anthesis or full silk stage of plant development and were evaluated in the field for insect damage. A damage index based on size, number and location of lesions was calculated for each stage. Stowell's Evergreen (susceptible) had a mean damage index three to six times that of Maiz Amargo (resistant) at the whorl stage and the progeny plants were more resistant than the susceptible parent. Maiz Amargo and its crosses had significantly lower mean indices than Stowell's Evergreen for sheath-collar damage in Year 1 but not Year 2. Zapalote Chico, Maiz Amargo and their cross were significantly less damaged than other genotypes at the full silk stage. Heterosis values indicated an increase in resistance of crosses over the midparent average at all three stages of development. General combining ability (GCA) was highly significant for all types of damage, but specific combining ability was significant only for leaf damage. Based on estimates of GCA, Maiz Amargo was the best source of resistance to leaf and sheath-collar damage and both Zapalote Chico and Maiz Amargo would be good parents for ear damage resistance. Results suggest that resistance at different plant development stages can be combined.
Quasicrystals. I. Definition and structure

In a recent paper, we introduced the concept of quasicrystals [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 2477 (1984)], a new class of ordered atomic structures. Quasicrystals have long-range quasiperiodic translational order and long-range orientational order. In the present paper and the following one, we discuss the details of our analysis of the mathematical and structural properties of quasicrystals. We begin with a general overview of our analysis. We then discuss our computation of the diffraction pattern of a quasilattice, using as an example the case of icosahedral orientational symmetry. We demonstrate that two quasilattices with the same orientational symmetry and quasiperiodicity which are not locally isomorphic will have diffraction patterns with different peak intensities. Finally, we describe some examples of computer modeling of atomic quasicrystals.
Connoisseur's: Danburite, Charcas, San Luis Potosí, Mexico

(2003). Connoisseur's: Danburite, Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 400-403.
Do lagoon area sediments act as traps for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The coastal lagoons are vulnerable systems, located between the land and the sea, enriched by both marine and continental inputs and are among the most productive aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this work is to understand the influence of the lagoon area sediments on the behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, through the adsorption coefficient determination. In fact, the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is an important process because it governs the fate, transport, bioavailability and toxicity of these compounds in sediments. It has been observed that the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a transitional system is the outcome of different factors, such as their sources and physicochemical properties, salinity and sediment composition, hydrology and environmental conditions. The results showed that transitional areas contribute to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in the sediment turning it into a trap.
Does ownership form in community banking impact profitability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the profitability of different ownership forms of banks. The two ownership forms are corporations that elect to be taxed as a Subchapter S corporation (limited to 100 shareholders) as opposed to those corporations that do not make this election. The impact this election has on the dividends paid to the investors is examined.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses Call Report Data on Wisconsin banks as collected by SNL Securities as its database. The research methodology uses two measures of performance: dividend ratio and accounting return on assets (ROA). The dividend ratio is defined as dividends as a percentage of net income (dividends/net income). Accounting return on investment is net income as a percentage of total assets (net income/total assets) and is a measure of profitability. A number of regressions were created with these as the endogenenous variables and a heteroskedasticity‐corrected ordinary least squares (OLS) model was used.Findings...
Effects of trapping temperature and film thickness in purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping on fused silica columns

The effects of trapping temperature and column film thickness were investigated with respect to their ability to promote effective cryofocusing on fused silica capillary columns. The study was a further development of the purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (PT 1.0 μm, −50°C; 3.0 μm, −20°C. In addition to being quantitative, the trapping provided good chromatography.
The electrochemical behavior of gold in ammoniacal solutions at 75 °C

The dissolution behavior of gold in ammoniacal solutions at 75 °C has been investigated. The variables investigated include concentration of lixiviants, pH of the solution, and various oxidants. The anodic dissolution of gold was studied in the absence of oxidants using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. The cathodic reaction of oxidants were studied on a platinum electrode. Tafel polarization tests were also performed to determine the dissolution rate. The overall dissolution of gold in ammoniacal solutions was examined using a mixed potential theory. A comparative study on the role of cupric ammine, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite as oxidants for the dissolution of gold in ammoniacal solutions has been carried out.
Probability, Plausibility, and Adequacy Evaluations of the Oriente Study Demonstrate That Supplementation Improved Child Growth

This article presents evidence that the high-nutrient supplement in the Oriente study (Atole) improved child growth. The evidence is presented at 4 levels. There was a causal effect of the intervention on child length, as assessed by probability analyses of the randomized, controlled trial (P< 0.05). The plausibility analyses, which included an examination of wasting, showed that the nutritional impact was due to the Afole, especially in those who were <3 y old and who suffered from diarrhea. The adequacy analyses revealed excellent biological efficacy of the Atole at the individual level. At the level of the whole population, the efficacy of impact was much less, because many children did not participate fully in the supplementation program. The external validity of the biological impact is likely to be good for populations with similar diets and medical care.
Shape design optimization of joining mechanism using doubly curved shell

Abstract Methods for shape and topology design sensitivity analysis (DSA) and optimization of joining mechanisms, such as spot welding and adhesive bonding, using a doubly curved (Hughes–Liu) shell are presented in this article. The material derivative concept of continuum mechanics and the adjoint variable method are used to derive the shape and topology design sensitivity expressions in the domain integral form. The shape optimization is performed to find the optimum locations of spot welds to maximize the stiffness of the structure. This optimum design is used as the initial design to perform topology optimization based on a density approach to study the effects of material distribution on structural performances. A numerical example, by postprocessing NIKE3D finite element analysis (FEA) code, of shape and topology optimization is given to demonstrate the validity of the methodologies presented in this study.