cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession for divergence insufficiency pattern esotropia

Purpose: We have identified a group of mostly elderly patients characterized by chronic, slowly progressive esotropia with diplopia at distance. This study was undertaken to analyze the outcomes after bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions in this group of patients with a divergence insufficiency pattern of esotropia. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective consecutive case series of eight patients treated for divergence insufficiency pattern esotropia with bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions. Results: Age at presentation was 44 to 77 years (mean age, 60) and symptoms of diplopia at distance had been present between 3 and 30 years (mean, 12.6). Six patients had been managed with progressively larger amounts of base-out (BO) prism in their distance correction over an average of 12.5 years. Each patient had a manifest esotropia at distance and smaller or no deviation at near. The mean preoperative esodeviation was 20.4 prism diopters (range, 12 to 35) at distance and 5.4 PD (range, 0 to 18) at near with a mean distance-near difference of 15.0 PD. Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession of 3.0 to 4.25 mm (mean 3.5) was performed on each patient. The mean postoperative esodeviation at distance was 3.4 PD (range 0 to 10) and the mean near deviation was 1.8 PD exophoria (range, 8 PD exophoria to 10 PD esotropia) with a mean distance-near difference of 5.1 PD. Three patients still required some prism in their spectacles for the relief of diplopia postoperatively (2 BO, 8 BO, 10 BO). The mean follow-up period was 8.5 months (range, 6 weeks to 46 months). Conclusions: Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession is an effective treatment for slowly progressive divergence insufficiency pattern esotropia in elderly patients. The reduction in the difference between the distance and near magnitudes of esodeviation afforded by this treatment suggests that a subtle loss of medial rectus muscle elasticity is the etiology.
Soybean shoot metabolism of isopropyl-3-chlorocarbanilate: Ortho and para aryl hydroxylation

Abstract This laboratory reported that isopropyl-3-chlorocarbanilate-phenyl-U-14C (chlorpropham-phenyl-14C) was absorbed, translocated, and metabolized by soybean plants. Both polar metabolites and insoluble residues were found in roots, whereas only polar metabolites were found in shoot tissues. In both roots and shoots the polar metabolites were shown to be the O-glucoside of isopropyl-2-hydroxy-5-chlorocarbanilate (2-hydroxy-chlorpropham). In shoot tissue there were other polar metabolites that were not identified. The experiments with soybeans have been repeated, but with new isolation and purification procedures. The plants were root treated with both chlorpropham-phenyl-14C and isopropyl-3-chlorocarbanilate-2-isopropyl-14C. The roots and shoots were extracted and separated into the polar, nonpolar, and insoluble metabolic components, using the Bligh-Dyer extraction method. The polar metabolites were separated by gel permeation chromatography. Further purification was accomplished on Amberlite XAD-2. The polar metabolites from the shoot and root tissues were hydrolyzed either by β-glucosidase or hesperidinase. The enzyme liberated aglycones were derivatized and separated by gas-liquid chromatography, and the components were characterized by mass spectrometry or NMR. The results of this study showed that the polar metabolites of soybean shoots were 2-hydroxy-chlorpropham and isopropyl-4-hydroxy-3-chlorocarbanilate (4-hydroxy-chlorpropham). These two hydroxy-chlorpropham metabolites were found in soybean shoots at a ratio of approximately 1:1. The only aglycone found in root tissue was 2-hydroxy-chlorpropham. Using the new procedures, no evidence was obtained for the presence of the unidentified polar metabolites that were previously observed in shoot tissues.
Searching for answers: an exploratory study of the formation, use, and impact of queries during debugging

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study investigating the formation, use, and impact of queries during debugging tasks. The results of this study provide additional evidence regarding the impact of query-based debuggers and can inform efforts that are focused on developing and improving query-based debuggers.
Uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen by the symbiotic clam Tridacna gigas and the coral Acropora sp.

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen flux was studied in the giant clam Tridacna gigas and the corals Acropora sp. and Tubastrea micrantha from the tropical reefs of Belau, Micronesia in 1983. T. micrantha, a nonsymbiotic coral, excreted ammonium. However, Tridacna gigas and Acropora sp., which contain symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) were able to take up both ammonium and nitrate. The requirement for a previous light exposure to sustain uptake by T. gigas is reported. The uptake kinetics of these symbioses are described and include the capacity of the zooxanthellae for “surge” uptake when given nutrient spikes.
Constrained Plott Equilibria, Directional Equilibria and Global Cycling Sets

Recent studies use two distinct approaches to study majority rule intransitivities. First, McKelvey (1976, 1979) and Cohen (1979) examine global cycling sets in multidimensional spaces. Second, Schofield (1977, 1978a, b) investigates local continuous cycling. Both approaches lead to the conclusion that cycling sets tend to be large. In this paper, these studies are related to each other and to the work of Matthews (1978, 1979) on undominated directions. Simple observations lead to a new and stronger result indicating the extreme pervasiveness of global cycling. The key observation is that global cycling is ubiquitous for the same reason that majority rule equilibria rarely exist, namely, that the distribution of voters is rarely symmetric enough.
Beta-alpha correlation in the decay of 20Na☆

Abstract We have measured the β-α angular correlation in the allowed positron decay of 20Na to the 7.42 MeV state of 20Ne. The correlation is of the form 1 + a cos θ + p cos 2 θ . We find p = −0.003 ± 0.005 in reasonable agreement with expectations based on the conserved vector current theory.
Inference about means from incomplete multivariate data

SUMMARY A class of statistics Sf(v) is proposed for constructing tests and confidence intervals for a linear combination of means v using an incomplete multivariate normal sample. The class includes statistics based on maximum likelihood estimates for all the data, and simpler statistics such as those based on a subset of complete observations. A simple measure of relative efficiency is proposed to decide when a simpler statistic is appropriate. For the case of two variables with extra observations on one variable, approximate t distributions are suggested for some members of ?, and resulting test statistics are compared in a simulation study.
Computerized scheduling of seagoing tankers

Abstract : The paper represents a condensed summary of the mathematical aspects of a project which was carried out with the active cooperation of Defense Supply Agency Headquarters (DSAH), Defense Fuel Supply Center (DFSC), Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), Office of Naval Research (ONR). It must not be regarded as a complete statement of the logistic ramifications of the operational problem of the scheduling of tankers, but rather as a somewhat idealized version of the real life situation. The authors should state however that the computer program they have developed and which is briefly sketched in section 6 takes account of all operational aspects although certain modifications are still in progress. Mathematical formulations of the problem are given. One is a reduction to non-convex integer programming problem. The other (utilizing operational restrictions for the feasible tanker routes) reduces the problem to linear integer programming which is solved by a decomposition algorithm. (Author)
A Culture Medium for Snail Cells and Tissues

As a first step in providing a suitable medium for in vitro culture of snail-borne stages of trematode parasites, we have developed a suitable medium for in vitro culture of snail cells and tissues. The culture medium devised and tested in our laboratory is capable of sustaining cells and promoting growth for as long as 60 days. Presumably it will maintain snail cells and tissues for a much longer time, but lack of media has prevented us from running longer experiments.
Psychopharmacology for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Japan

In Japan, treatment with medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is less favorable than psychosocial treatment, as in Europe. Overall, Japanese guidelines offer few descriptions of stimulant-refractory or complicated ADHD treatments. However, carbamazepine has been preferably prescribed for ADHD with electroencephalogram abnormality or aggression. Only one stimulant (long-acting methylphenidate) is now available in Japan. Under the current circumstances, Japanese psychiatrists and pediatricians are trying to make the most of available psychosocial treatment and medication, including formulation of the guidelines. Epidemiologic studies on the prevalence, comorbidity, and course of ADHD should also be administered in Japan. This article describes the history of psychopharmacology for minimal brain dysfunction or ADHD and introduces recently established guidelines for ADHD treatment in Japan compared with those in other countries.
Effects of protein conformation in docking: improved pose prediction through protein pocket adaptation.

Computational methods for docking ligands have been shown to be remarkably dependent on precise protein conformation, where acceptable results in pose prediction have been generally possible only in the artificial case of re-docking a ligand into a protein binding site whose conformation was determined in the presence of the same ligand (the “cognate” docking problem). In such cases, on well curated protein/ligand complexes, accurate dockings can be returned as top-scoring over 75% of the time using tools such as Surflex-Dock. A critical application of docking in modeling for lead optimization requires accurate pose prediction for novel ligands, ranging from simple synthetic analogs to very different molecular scaffolds. Typical results for widely used programs in the “cross-docking case” (making use of a single fixed protein conformation) have rates closer to 20% success. By making use of protein conformations from multiple complexes, Surflex-Dock yields an average success rate of 61% across eight pharmaceutically relevant targets. Following docking, protein pocket adaptation and rescoring identifies single pose families that are correct an average of 67% of the time. Consideration of the best of two pose families (from alternate scoring regimes) yields a 75% mean success rate.
Breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation in supercooled water

Almost everyone would agree that water is probably the most important liquid for life, but few fully appreciate that water is also the most puzzling among the liquids. Water is anomalous in many ways compared with simple liquids. One of the most well known anomalies is the decrease of density of water upon cooling below 4°C. Other anomalies of water include the increase of specific heat and compressibility upon cooling.
Fisheries, Wildlife, and Philosophy of Science: An Exercise in Definition

The Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences (FWS) graduate program at Virginia Tech held a student-led, discussion-based, 9-week seminar in the philosophy of science during the fall 1999 semester. This seminar presented the sociologist of science with the opportunity to investigate questions such as, How does a contemporary scientific discipline use the philosophy of science? What do scientists hope to gain from an understanding of demarcation issues? And how do they perceive themselves as a science? Issues of demarcation between science and pseudo-science are prevalent in FWS. The role of public funding is at the forefront of the department’s concerns, as governmental agencies are responsible, to a dominant degree, for funding research that the public assumes will benefit them. Thus, the concerns of the department are of utility, or the perception thereof. An investigation of the sort proposed here is practical yet restrictive. The topics are preselected and noncomprehensive because the seminar org...
A hierarchical duration model for speech recognition based on the ANGIE framework

Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical duration model applied to enhance speech recognition. The model is based on the novel ANGIE framework which is a flexible unified sublexical representation designed for speech applications. This duration model captures duration phenomena operating at the phonological, phonemic, syllabic and morphological levels. At the core of the modelling scheme is a hierarchical normalization procedure performed on the ANGIE parse structure. From this, we derive a robust measure for the rate of speech. The model uses two sets of statistical models – a first set based on relative duration between sublexical units and a second set based on absolute duration that has been normalized with respect to the speaking rate. We have used this paradigm to explore some speech timing phenomena such as the secondary effects on relative duration due to variations in speaking rate, the characteristics of anomalously slow words, and prepausal lengthening effects. Finally, we successfully demonstrate the utility of durational information for recognition applications. In phonetic recognition, we achieve a relative improvement of up to 7.7% by incorporating our model over and above a standard phone duration model, and similarly, in a word spotting task, an improvement from 89.3 to 91.6 (FOM) has resulted.
Developing Values Dilemmas for Content-Centered Social Studies Instruction: Theoretical Construct and Practical Applications

Abstract Teachers do not have to abandon cognitive and content-centered instruction to ensure adequate time for values/moral education activities and development. The “verbal evidence” or “cognitive” approach to values/moral education can be used to develop content-centered values dilemmas for every area and level of social studies instruction. This “how-to-do-it” article helps teachers to identify and select a central focus, the subject matter content and context, the decision-making situation, the values/moral setting, and the problem-solving format for every values/moral activity they want to plan. Teachers can use this model to assist students to use problem-solving and decision-making processes to comprehend and apply content, clarify their values and moral reasoning, and learn to make rational decisions.
Estimation of ionization energies of substituted anilines by the kinetic method

Abstract Ionization energy (IE) determinations by the kinetic method are extended to a functionalized class of compounds: substituted anilines. The radical-cation-bound dimers of substituted anilines were generated under self-CI conditions and the dissociation products examined using two collision energies, 2 and 10 eV, in a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. Using N , N -diethylaniline (IE = 6.98 ± 0.02 eV), 3,5-dimethylaniline (IE = 7.2 eV), N -methylaniline (IE = 7.33 ± 0.02 eV), 2-methylaniline (IE = 7.44 ± 0.02 eV), 3-methylaniline (IE = 7.50 ± 0.02 eV), aniline (IE = 7.720 ± 0.002 eV), and benzylamine (IE = 8.64 ± 0.05 eV) as reference compounds, a linear correlation is observed between the natural log of the ratio of the fragment ion abundances versus ionization energy for each collision energy. The effective temperature of the activated cluster ions rises from 1180 to 1470 K as the collision energy is raised from 2 to 10 eV. The average estimated IE values for 4-methoxyaniline, 2-methoxyaniline, 4-methylaniline, 3-chloroaniline and 3-fluoroaniline are determined to be 7.00 ± 0.15 eV, 7.19 ± 0.07 eV, 7.37 ± 0.07 eV, 8.27 ± 0.08 eV, 8.37 ± 0.07 eV respectively.
Isosceles Triangles Determined by a Planar Point Set

It is proved that, for any ɛ>0 and n>n 0(ɛ), every set of n points in the plane has at most triples that induce isosceles triangles. (Here e denotes the base of the natural logarithm, so the exponent is roughly 2.136.) This easily implies the best currently known lower bound, , for the smallest number of distinct distances determined by n points in the plane, due to Solymosi–Cs. Toth and Tardos.
PREVALENCE OF DIURNAL VOIDING SYMPTOMS AND DIFFICULT AROUSAL FROM SLEEP IN CHILDREN WITH NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

ABSTRACTPurpose:: We analyzed the relative contribution of detrusor instability and difficult arousal from sleep in the genesis of nocturnal enuresis (NE), and evaluate a clinical feature that may prospectively help differentiate patients with monosymptomatic NE (mono NE) from those with diurnal voiding symptoms (DVSs) of urgency and urge incontinence associated with NE (NE + DVSs).Materials and Methods:: Patients referred for voiding problems and 627 controls were evaluated for NE, DVSs, nocturia and arousal from sleep on a scale of 1 to 8. Patients were categorized into 3 groups—mono NE of primary or secondary onset (200, boys 71%, girls 29%), primary or secondary NE + DVSs (329, boys 43%, girls 57%) and isolated DVSs (146, boys 21%, girls 79%).Results:: DVSs were noted in 49% of boys and 76% of girls with NE, although 40% of patients or parents did not complain of DVSs. The DVSs were elicited on detailed interrogation or on finding evidence of urinary incontinence on perineal examination. While one-thi...
Employing Parent, Teacher, and Youth Self-Report Checklists in Identifying Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: An Examination of Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Utility

The diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) is difficult to evaluate in child and adolescent populations. The current study examines whether commonly used behavior checklists— the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and the Youth Self-Report form—are clinically useful in making a differential diagnosis between BPSD and other disorders. This study is the first to investigate the validity of integrating pairs of informants using these instruments to differentiate individuals with BPSD from those with disruptive behavior disorders, major depressive disorder, and any child or adolescent not meeting criteria for BPSD. Parent report best predicted diagnostic status, yet diagnostic efficiency statistics associated with these checklists were relatively poor. Results indicate that the Child Behavior Checklist has limited utility when attempting to derive clinically meaningful information about the presentation of juvenile BPSD.
Catalase activity and ethanol metabolism in the rat.

SummaryReduction in hepatic catalase activity, of at least 71.8%, over a period of 5 hours, as a result of injection of 3-amino-l, 2, 4-triazole, failed to produce a statistically significant alteration in rate of ethanol metabolism in rats. The ethanol oxidizing capacity of the liver, e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase activity, was statistically the same in control and experimental series. It is concluded that hepatic catalase, in rats, does not play a significant role in ethanol metabolism.
Nano switching crossbar array ESD protection structures

We report a new nano-switching ESD protection mechanism and dual-polarity Cu/SixOyNz/W nano crossbar array ESD structures. Experiments show full ESD protection featuring fast response of 100pS, ultra low leakage of 9A. New dispersed local ESD tunneling model and CMOS integration are reported.
A computational approach for determining rate regions and codes using entropic vector bounds

A computational technique for determining rate regions for networks and multilevel diversity coding systems based on inner and outer bounds for the region of entropic vectors is discussed. The expression to get rate region in terms of region of entropic vectors is attributed to Yeung and Zhang. An inner bound based on binary representable matroids is discussed that has the added benefit of identifying optimal linear codes. The theorem stated by Hassibi et al. in 2010 ITA is implemented to get H-representation of binary matroid inner bound for more than 4 variables. The computational technique is demonstrated on a series of small examples of multilevel diversity coding systems.
Humanized mouse models for HIV-1 infection of the CNS

Since the onset of the HIV epidemic, there has been a shift from a deadly diagnosis to the management of a chronic disease. This shift is the result of the development of highly effective drugs that are able to suppress viral replication for years. The availability of these regimens has also shifted the neurocognitive pathology associated with infection from potentially devastating to a much milder phenotype. As the disease outcome has changed significantly with the availability of antiretroviral therapy, there is an opportunity to re-evaluate the currently available models to address the neurocognitive pathology seen in suppressed patients. In the following, we seek to summarize the current literature on humanized mouse models and their utility in understanding how HIV infection leads to changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Also, we identify some of the unanswered questions regarding HIV infection of the CNS as well as the opportunities and limitations of currently existing models to address those questions. Finally, our conclusions indicate that the earlier humanized models used to study HIV infection in the CNS provided an excellent foundation for the type of work currently being performed using novel humanized mouse models. We also indicate the potential of some humanized mouse models that have not been used as of this time for the analysis of HIV infection in the brain.
Comparison of the Clinical Profile and Outcome of Women and Men in Cardiac Rehabilitation

Few data are available regarding the outcome of women in cardiac rehabilitation. To determine whether women differ from men in clinical profile and outcome, 225 consecutive patients were prospectively evaluated in an urban, multidisciplinary, exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Among the 51 women (age 56 +/- 10) and 174 men (age 54 +/- 10), most were: white (84%), married (64%), employed (63%), had had myocardial infarction or revascularization, or both (66%), and traveled less than 10 miles to the program (92%). Risk profiles revealed obesity in 48% (mean Metropolitan Relative Weight = 124 +/- 22%), hypertension in 47%, smoking in 23%, diabetes in 16%, and mean cholesterol of 236 +/- 45 mg/dl. Compared with men, more women were nonwhite, unemployed, unmarried, hypertensive or diabetic (p less than 0.0001) and had higher cholesterol (p less than 0.01). Compliance rates were similar for women (51%) and men (63%) (p = not significant). Univariate predictors of program noncompliance differed between women and men. Initial exercise capacity was less for women than for men, but both groups achieved a similar training effect. Women increased their exercise time by 31% and peak METs by 30%, whereas men showed a 21% increase in exercise time and 16% increase in peak METs achieved (p less than 0.001). Thus, in this cardiac rehabilitation program, women have a less favorable risk factor profile and differ from men with regard to baseline demographics and predictors of program completion. Women, however, have similar rates of compliance and achieve the same improvement in functional capacity with training.
Scale‐Dependency of Solute Transport Modeling/GIS Applications

The movement of water through the soil profile and the consequent displacement and transformation of chemicals dissolved in the water is a key concern in preventing water quality degradation, with its eventual impact on living systems, both human and otherwise. Predictions of the effect of a particular water and chemical management system at the soil surface will lead to more enlightened control of chemicals introduced into the environment as pesticides, fertilizers, or waste products. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) in concert with simulation modeling of soil leaching processes is becoming more widespread as a procedure applied to environmental chemical fate issues. The use of GIS has brought to the forefront the spatial scale of such databases as soil survey, elevation, climate and land use, and their use in the modeling process. An accompanying concern is the spatial scale at which any simulation model is assumed to be accurate, and the spatial scale at which both model input and field-verification data should be generated. Such modeling presently consists of a number of approaches, some useful at several spatial scales, and others more limited by the assumptions inherent in their development. This paper discusses these issues, and presents two case studies as examples.
Striated muscle cells in the leptomeninges in cerebral dysplasia.

Non-neoplastic foci of skeletal muscle cells are rarely noted within human central nervous system. This report describes two children with developmental anomalies and striated muscle in the leptomeninges. Embryological displacement of notochordal or prechordal mesoderm in certain types of craniovertebral-cerebral dysplasia may account for the origin, the restricted sites and the infrequent observation of leptomeningeal striated muscle cells.
Thermographic assessment of hand burns

Abstract Twenty-three patients with 32 burned hands were studied thermographically within 48 h of injury to investigate the potential value of thermography in the assessment of the depth of hand burns. Superficial and deep partial thickness burns were treated conservatively, with excision and grafting of those which had not healed by 2–3 weeks after injury. This delayed surgery group and the healed group were retrospectively analysed to determine the predictive value of the initial clinical and thermographic assessments of the depth of the burns. Full skin thickness burns were excised and grafted within 5 days and were not included in the study. Initial thermographic assessment correctly predicted the outcome (whether healed or excised and grafted) in 33 of 36 burns. This relationship was highly significant. Initial clinical assessment of depth had no significant relationship with the time taken to heal. Thermography may help in the selection of patients who might benefit from early surgery.
Joint blind channel estimation and interference suppression with efficient implementation for OFDM systems

A joint blind channel estimation and interference suppression scheme with efficient implementation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. In particular, an equalising filterbank is designed and the channel estimate from a lower bound of the filterbank output power is derived. The proposed scheme and exhibits low sensitivity to unknown narrowband interference. It compares favourably with a subspace blind channel estimator.
Nanoscale science: complex rules for soft systems.

The nanometre scale is a brave new world for scientists — mixing materials at such small dimensions can cause all sorts of surprising effects. New studies of experimental systems on the nanoscale further our understanding of these complex phenomena.
Spinning Disciplines: Critical Management Studies in the Context of the Transformation of Management Education:

Critical Management Studies has taken on an institutional embodiment in the last four years, but builds on earlier developments in the intellectual culture of academia and of professional schools. ...
Inequality, Leverage, and Crises†

The paper studies how high leverage and crises can arise as a result of changes in the income distribution. Empirically, the periods 1920-1929 and 1983-2007 both exhibited a large increase in the income share of the rich, a large increase in leverage for the remainder, and an eventual financial and real crisis. The paper presents a theoretical model where these features arise endogenously as a result of a shift in bargaining powers over incomes. A financial crisis can reduce leverage if it is very large and not accompanied by a real contraction. But restoration of the lower income group’s bargaining power is more effective.
Bio-hybrid foams by silsesquioxanes cross-linked thermoplastic zein films:

Hybrid materials, a new class of materials obtained by sol-gel approach and based on the nanoscale interaction between inorganic and organic phases, have recently gained large scientific and industrial attention. In this work, the material designing of zein hybrid materials with tailored properties is addressed to the production of zein hybrid foams by both gas foaming and supercritical carbon dioxide, CO2 drying. Hybrid materials have been produced from thermoplastic zein and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane by a two-step procedure including reactive melt mixing and a simultaneous sol-gel approach. Protein structural changes have been investigated by infrared spectroscopy and correlated with thermomechanical properties. The hybrid foams have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in order to evaluate the effect of silsesquioxanes domains on the porous structure. Hybrid microcellular foams with homogeneous cellular structures have been obtained by both foaming approaches. A bimodal structure with ...
Classification of Patients With Acute Heart Failure Syndromes in the Emergency Department

Hospitalization for acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) heralds a grim prognosis: More than one third of patients will be dead or rehospitalized within 90 days postdischarge.1 Although total hospitalizations for AHFS have decreased over the past decade, rehospitalization rates have not.2,3 With 1 million hospitalizations annually at an estimated cost exceeding $20 billion, AHFS is a major public health problem.4 Article see p 17 One of the possible contributors to these poor outcomes is our approach to patients with AHFS in the emergency department (ED). Approximately 80% of hospitalized patients initially present to the ED, highlighting the pivotal role of the ED in initial AHFS management.5 Yet there are no class I, level A guideline recommendations for the initial pharmacological treatment of AHFS.6 ED treatment today is largely the same as it was 40 years ago and is similar across all patients with AHFS despite the heterogeneity of patients in terms of precipitant, presentation (eg, pulmonary edema, hypertension), phenotype (eg, reduced or preserved ejection fraction), or etiology (ischemic versus nonischemic).6a,7–9 This management approach and lack of progress is not the fault of frontline caregivers; rather it reflects our limited understanding of the pathophysiology of AHFS and the need for further research, especially in the ED setting. In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure , Drexler et al10 address the hypothesis that ED patients with AHFS with an underlying ischemic etiology have a distinct pathophysiology compared to patients with AHFS with a nonischemic etiology. Specifically, they tested whether higher brain natriuretic peptide and troponin levels are present in patients with AHFS with an ischemic etiology versus nonischemic etiology due to greater hemodynamic stress and myocyte damage. The authors contextualize their study by suggesting that knowledge of the etiology …
Abnormal joint powers before and after the onset of claudication symptoms.

Objective Claudication is the most common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease, producing significant ambulatory compromise. Our study evaluated patients with bilateral lower limb claudication and characterized their gait abnormality based on advanced biomechanical analysis using joint torques and powers. Methods Twenty patients with bilateral claudication (10 with isolated aortoiliac disease and 10 with combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease) and 16 matched controls ambulated on a walkway while 3-dimensional biomechanical data were collected. Patients walked before and after onset of claudication pain. Joint torques and powers at early, mid, and late stance for the hip, knee, and ankle joints were calculated for claudicating patients before and after the onset of claudication pain and were compared to controls. Results Claudicating patients exhibited significantly reduced hip and knee power at early stance (weight-acceptance phase) due to decreased torques produced by the hip and knee extensors. In mid stance (single-limb support phase), patients had significantly reduced knee and hip power due to the decreased torques produced by the knee extensors and the hip flexors. In late stance (propulsion phase), reduced propulsion was noted with significant reduction in ankle plantar flexor torques and power. These differences were present before and after the onset of pain, with certain parameters worsening in association with pain. Conclusions The gait of claudication is characterized by failure of specific and identifiable muscle groups needed to perform normal walking (weight acceptance, single-limb support, and propulsion). Parameters of gait are abnormal with the first steps taken, in the absence of pain, and certain of these parameters worsen after the onset of claudication pain.
Linearization of unsteady transonic flows containing shocks

The problem of determining unsteady airloads on a thin, three-dimensional, planar wing oscillating with infinitesimal amplitude in a transonic flow is considered. The flow is assumed to be governed by the transonic small disturbance equation. The unsteady disturbance is taken to be a small perturbation superposed on a given steady mean flowfield. The equations governing the unsteady field, allowing for induced oscillations of any embedded shocks, are obtained. The linearization is shown to fail, locally, at the intersection of a shock with the wing surface, although the failure has little influence on the sectional characteristics of the wing.
Cloud technologies for bioinformatics applications

Executing large number of independent tasks or tasks that perform minimal inter-task communication in parallel is a common requirement in many domains. In this paper, we present our experience in applying two new Microsoft technologies Dryad and Azure to three bioinformatics applications. We also compare with traditional MPI and Apache Hadoop MapReduce implementation in one example. The applications are an EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) sequence assembly program, PhyloD statistical package to identify HLA-associated viral evolution, and a pairwise Alu gene alignment application. We give detailed performance discussion on a 768 core Windows HPC Server cluster and an Azure cloud. All the applications start with a "doubly data parallel step" involving independent data chosen from two similar (EST, Alu) or two different databases (PhyloD). There are different structures for final stages in each application.
Cell cycle-dependent binding of yeast heat shock factor to nucleosomes.

In the nucleus, transcription factors must contend with the presence of chromatin in order to gain access to their cognate regulatory sequences. As most nuclear DNA is assembled into nucleosomes, activators must either invade a stable, preassembled nucleosome or preempt the formation of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, which is transiently free of histones. We have investigated the mechanism by which heat shock factor (HSF) binds to target nucleosomal heat shock elements (HSEs), using as our model a dinucleosomal heat shock promoter (hsp82-ΔHSE1). We find that activated HSF cannot bind a stable, sequence-positioned nucleosome in G1-arrested cells. It can do so readily, however, following release from G1 arrest or after the imposition of either an early S- or late G2-phase arrest. Surprisingly, despite the S-phase requirement, HSF nucleosomal binding activity is restored in the absence of hsp82 replication. These results contrast with the prevailing paradigm for activator-nucleosome interactions and implicate a nonreplicative, S-phase-specific event as a prerequisite for HSF binding to nucleosomal sites in vivo.
Wavelength assignment in WDM rings with splitable lightpaths

This paper presents a new practical approximation algorithm for wavelength assignment to splitable lightpaths over WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) rings, with the objective of minimizing the number of SONET ADMs (add-drop multiplexers). Allowing the splitting of traffic streams can significantly reduce the number of required ADMs. Moreover, while finding the best assignment is proved to be NP-hard, the problem seems easier to approximate than the variation when traffic streams cannot be split. In the worst case, the output of the new polynomial-time algorithm is at most 25% more than the optimum solution. This result is significantly better than the best known approximation ratio for non-splitable traffic streams.
A strategy for board level in-system programmable built-in assisted test and built-in self test

In-system programmable (ISP) built-in self test (BIST) and built-in assisted test (BIAT) is a board test strategy that utilizes field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), reconfigured solely for the application of test vectors. These test vectors are designed to either assure manufacturing & operational quality or assist in the functional verification. While mitigating lack of test access is the most prevalent application, increased device test capability as well as lower development times is realized in board test and system test
Porting Optimized GPU Kernels to a Multi-core CPU: Computational Quantum Chemistry Application Example

We investigate techniques for optimizing a multi-core CPU code back ported from a highly optimized GPU kernel. We show that common sub-expression elimination and loop unrolling optimization techniques improve code performance on the GPU, but not on the CPU. On the other hand, register reuse and loop merging are effective on the CPU and in combination they improve performance of the ported code by 16%.
Jet quenching and azimuthal anisotropy of large p(T) spectra in noncentral high-energy heavy ion collisions

Parton energy loss inside a dense medium leads to the suppression of large pT hadrons and can also cause azimuthal anisotropy of hadron spectra at large transverse momentum in non-central high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Such azimuthal anisotropy is studied qualitatively in a parton model for heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC energies. The coefficientv2(pT) of the elliptic anisotropy at large pT is found to be very sensitive to parton energy loss. It decreases slowly with pT contrary to its low pT behavior where v2 increases very rapidly with pT. The turning point signals the onset of contributions of hard processes and the magnitude of parton energy loss. The centrality dependence of v2(pT) is shown to be sensitive to both size and density dependence of the parton energy loss and the later can also be studied via variation of the colliding energy. The anisotropy coefficient v2/" normalized by the spatial ellipticity " is found to decrease significantly toward semi-peripheral collisions, differing from the hydrodynamic results for low pT hadrons. Constrained by the existing WA98 experimental data at the SPS energy on parton energy loss, both hadron spectra suppression and azimuthal anisotropy at high pT are predicted to vanish for b >7-8 fm in Au + Au collisions at p s =130-200 GeV when the hadron rapidity density per unit area of the initial overlapped region is less than what is achieved in the central Pb + Pb collisions at the SPS energy.
Low Vision Rehabilitation for a Patient With a Traumatic Brain Injury

The client described in this article had undergone intensive rehabilitation for physical and cognitive deficits that resulted from an anoxic encephalopathy. Her recovery was good in all areas except visual functioning. Her reading and writing deficits were initially thought to result from visual-perceptual problems. A low vision evaluation identified the deficits as resulting from a macular visual field loss. Warren (1993) has proposed that an intact visual field is one of the basic components of vision that must be present before higher visual processing can occur. Until the macular perimetry was performed on this client, the extent of her central field loss was unknown, and the treatment that focused on the higher level visual processing was unsuccessful. The low vision program targeted the central field loss as the probable cause for her difficulties and an effective treatment protocol was established. The client was instructed regarding the nature of her visual field deficit and was trained in methods to compensate for this deficit. Although she has not returned to work as of this writing because of financial disincentives, the training resulted in a measurable and functional improvement in the client's ability to read continuous print text, a task she had not performed in 4 years, and in her ability to perform all writing tasks needed for daily living.
Mesenteric adenopathy in patients with prostate cancer: frequency and etiology.

OBJECTIVE. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and etiology of mesenteric adenopathy revealed at initial-staging CT in patients with prostate cancer.CONCLUSION. Mesenteric adenopathy is a rare finding at initial-staging CT in patients with prostate cancer and is more often due to coexistent lymphoma than to metastatic disease, particularly in the absence of associated pelvic adenopathy and a markedly elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level. Appropriate radiologic interpretation of the finding prevents overstaging of prostate cancer.
Prefrontal contributions to delayed spatial and object alternation: a positron emission tomography study.

Delayed alternation tasks are frequently used as probes of frontal lobe functioning. To clarify the neural substrates of delayed alternation performance in humans, the authors measured regional cerebral blood flow with H 2 15 O positron emission tomography in healthy subjects as they performed delayed spatial and object alternation. Consistent with the monkey lesion literature, increased dorsolateral prefrontal activity emerged during delayed spatial alternation but not delayed object alternation, whereas orbitofrontal activations emerged in both alternation tasks. The possible cognitive processes contributing to the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal involvement in delayed alternation are discussed. Additional activations localized to several nonfrontal regions suggest caution in interpreting alternation deficits in patients as strictly reflecting frontal lobe impairment.
Hypothesis testing for two‐stage designs with over or under enrollment

Simon’s two-stage designs are widely used in cancer phase II clinical trials for assessing the efficacy of a new treatment. However in practice, the actual sample size for the second stage is often different from the planned sample size, and the original inference procedure is no longer valid. Previous work on this problem has certain limitations in computation. In this paper, we attempt to maximize the unconditional power while controlling for the type I error for the modified second stage sample size. A normal approximation is used for computing the power, and the numerical results show that the approximation is accurate even under small sample sizes. The corresponding confidence intervals for the response rate are constructed by inverting the hypothesis test, and they have reasonable coverage while preserving the type I error.
A Spoonful Of Humor Helps The Lecture Go Down

The goal of every teacher is to connect with his or her audience. Humor has a way of disarming the listener and opening up lines of communication. The purpose of this paper is to give reasons for using, ways to incorporate and benefits of humor in the lecture. Laughter is not only the best medicine, but does not require a prescription.
Moderate Alcohol Use and Insulin Action in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is associated with metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. While moderate alcohol consumption is known to have beneficial metabolic effects in the general population, such potential effects in HCV are unknown. We aimed to assess the association between graded alcohol intake and IR, insulin secretion, and metabolic syndrome in HCV. Ninety-five non-diabetic HCV-infected patients underwent detailed metabolic testing. IR was directly measured via steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) during a 240-min insulin suppression test. Total insulin secretion and insulinogenic index were determined by 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Genotyping of CYP2E1 was performed to detect genetic polymorphisms influencing alcohol metabolism. In this cohort, 61 % were abstinent from alcohol for the past 12 months, while 22 % were moderate, and 17 % heavy drinkers. Obesity and nonwhite ethnicity were the strongest predictors of IR. Moderate alcohol intake (vs none) was significantly associated with lower SSPG only among those with normal BMI (coef −72.9, 95 % CI −128.1 to −17.6, p = 0.01). Alcohol use was not associated with insulin secretion parameters when controlling for IR and other factors. Heavy alcohol intake (OR 3.2, 95 % CI 0.86–12.3) and nonwhite ethnicity (OR 7.1, 95 % CI 1.5–33.3) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Among nonwhites, the odds of metabolic syndrome were fivefold higher for heavy drinkers. Moderate alcohol intake is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in HCV, although this benefit was limited to normal-weight individuals. The potential benefit of moderate alcohol on IR and its metabolic consequences in HCV warrants further longitudinal investigation.
Abstract 2890: Image-guided transcatheter intraarterial drug delivery of doxorubicin encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles to liver tumors: Safety and feasibility

Purpose To investigate the feasibility and safety of transcatheter intraarterial drug delivery of novel doxorubicin encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles to the VX-2 rabbit liver tumor model. Materials and Methods Paramagnetic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (core and hydrodynamic size of 10 and 23 nm) coated with amphiphilic polymers were mixed with hydrophobic doxorubicin molecules, and their presence within the nanoparticles was confirmed by optical absorption spectrum. 16 New Zealand White rabbits with VX-2 tumors implanted in the liver were treated when a 2.0 cm lesion was visible on MRI. The rabbits were placed into 4 treatment groups, each receiving doxorubicin at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ kg. Group A received image-guided intraarterial (IA) transcatheter delivery of doxorubicin encapsulated IO nanoparticles to the hepatic artery; Group B received intravenous (IV) injection of doxorubicin encapsulated IO nanoparticles through the marginal ear vein; Group C received intraarterial injection of doxorubicin alone; Group D received intravenous injection of doxorubicin alone. Rabbits were closely monitored for toxicity or any complications for the entire study duration. Blood was collected before treatments and at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7 days post treatment to analyze liver function and follow post treatment response by quantitative determinations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bile acids (BA), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (CHOL), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Results There were no significant changes in the baseline pretreatment levels of the mammalian liver profile and biomarkers at the 1 hour, 24 hour, and 7 day time points in comparison to rabbits receiving IA doxorubicin nanoparticle or doxorubicin therapy (Groups A and C) versus IV doxorubicin nanoparticle or doxorubicin therapy (Groups B and D). Group A median pretreatment 1 hour, 24 hour, and 7 day ALP levels were as follows: 57, 51.8, 59.2, & 29 U/L; Group B was 73.5, 72.25, 54.25, & 45.5 U/L; Group C was 51, 35, 40, & 37 U/L; Group D was 48.8, 49.3, 47.2, & 47.5 U/L (p= Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2890. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2890