cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurate atomistic first-principles calculations of electronic stopping

We show that atomistic first-principles calculations based on real-time propagation within time-dependent density functional theory are capable of accurately describing electronic stopping of light projectile atoms in metal hosts over a wide range of projectile velocities. In particular, we employ a plane-wave pseudopotential scheme to solve time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations for representative systems of H and He projectiles in crystalline aluminum. This approach to simulate nonadiabatic electron-ion interaction provides an accurate framework that allows for quantitative comparison with experiment without introducing ad hoc parameters such as effective charges, or assumptions about the dielectric function. Our work clearly shows that this atomistic first-principles description of electronic stopping is able to disentangle contributions due to tightly bound semicore electrons and geometric aspects of the stopping geometry (channeling versus off-channeling) in a wide range of projectile velocities.
Analysis and configuration of parameters in Oracle performance optimization

This pater takes the Oracle9i database optimization as the starting point,discusses some parameters that affect greatly the Oracle database system performance,elucidates the effect upon the Oracle database system performance,analyzes relations between related parameters.Finally suggestions are given about how to achieve the biggest the parallel user quantity by adjusting the parameter configuration.
SU-F-T-485: Independent Remote Audits for TG51 NonCompliant Photon Beams Performed by the IROC Houston QA Center

Purpose: IROC_H conducts external audits for output check verification of photon and electron beams. Many of these beams can meet the geometric requirements of the TG 51 calibration protocol. For those photon beams that are non TG 51 compliant like Elekta GammaKnife, Accuray CyberKnife and TomoTherapy, IROC_H has specific audit tools to monitor the reference calibration. Methods: IROC_H used its TLD and OSLD remote monitoring systems to verify the output of machines with TG 51 non compliant beams. Acrylic OSLD miniphantoms are used for the CyberKnife. Special TLD phantoms are used for TomoTherapy and GammaKnife machines to accommodate the specific geometry of each machine. These remote audit tools are sent to institutions to be irradiated and returned to IROC_H for analysis. Results: The average IROC_H/institution ratios for 480 GammaKnife, 660 CyberKnife and 907 rotational TomoTherapy beams are 1.000±0.021, 1.008±0.019, 0.974±0.023, respectively. In the particular case of TomoTherapy, the overall ratio is 0.977±0.022 for HD units. The standard deviations of all results are consistent with values determined for TG 51 compliant photon beams. These ratios have shown some changes compared to values presented in 2008. The GammaKnife results were corrected by an experimentally determined scatter factor of 1.025 in 2013. The TomoTherapy helical beam results are now from a rotational beam whereas in 2008 the results were from a static beam. The decision to change modality was based on recommendations from the users. Conclusion: External audits of beam outputs is a valuable tool to confirm the calibrations of photon beams regardless of whether the machine is TG 51 or TG 51 non compliant. The difference found for TomoTherapy units is under investigation. This investigation was supported by IROC grant CA180803 awarded by the NCI
Fast span conversion: unrolling short loops

Publisher Summary A common operation in many graphics applications is the illumination of a span of pixels. Several consecutive pixels are set to the same value. This occurs naturally in polygon scan-conversion, area filling, drop shadowing, and the like. A closely related operation is the illumination of several consecutive pixels by values that are determined by differences from their immediate predecessors. That is essentially the situation in many interpolated shading techniques. Operations carried out at each pixel are not limited to the movement of a single byte of data. The function shadespan ( ) moves linearly interpolated values to the pixels in a span where the interpolation is computed incrementally at each pixel. Several other variations are possible but the basic technique is the same. The effective time savings decrease when the amount of processing per pixel increases.
Management of Ureteral Steinstrasse After Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy

The incidence of post-procedural complications after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) during the elimination of gravel, and the length of elimination time are directly related to the initial stone mass. Stones of a size less than 2.5 cm require invasive auxiliary procedures after ESWL in approximately 10% of patients (percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), ureteroscopy) whereas, in larger stones, auxiliary procedures are needed in up to 60% of patients when treated with ESWL alone.
The Chinese Tallow Tree: From Asset in Asia to Curse in Carolina

During the last quarter of the seventeenth century, commerce was increasing between Europe and China. In England, demand for Chinese goods, notably tea, porcelain, lacquerware and silk, was strong, and the English East India Company (EIC) responded by sending ships to the East, trying to establish trading posts on the Chinese islands of Amoy (Xiamen) and Chusan (Zhoushan). For connoisseurs and natural philosophers this raised the possibility of obtaining items of considerable interest from far-flung, exotic locations. James Cuninghame (c. 1665–1709), a Scottish surgeon, travelled to Chusan with the EIC and would prove invaluable to keen collectors of specimens of animals and plants (of potential economic, ornamental, ‘scientific’ or curiosity value) in England.
Detect and Avoid for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using ADS-B

With the increasing demand to integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS), new procedures and technologies are necessary to ensure safe airspace operations and...
Cervical ectopic pregnancy: ultrasound diagnosis and conservative management -

An ectopic pregnancy is one in which the fertilized ovum is implanted and develops outside the normal endometrial cavity. Cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy and can be defined as implantation of blastocyst in the endocervix, below the internal os; representing less than 1 % of all ectopic pregnancies. Ultrasound diagnosis of this abnormal pregnancy was first described by Raskin (1978); thus early diagnosis in either weakly or non-symptomatic women in the first trimester is done; allowing conservative management. A 35 year old female, gravida 4 with living 1 issue and 2 abortions presented with a history of continuous bleeding per vaginum for last 1.5 months. Outside ultrasound depicted single live fetus of 7 weeks in cervical canal. She had a history of undergoing medical termination of pregnancy by surgical procedure of dilatation and evacuation at private hospital for completion of abortion. There was a history of excessive bleeding post procedure and 2 units of blood transfusion; referred in anaemic state to our institute with pack in situ. Pack was removed after 24 hours and managed conservatively. On general examination tachycardia present, BP was normal and patient was haemodynamically stable. On palpation abdomen was soft, non-tender and no organomegaly noticed. Urine pregnancy test was positive, serum βHCG levels were raised, USG depicted heterogeneous collection in cervix. Injection methotrenate (1mg/Kg body wt.) given. βhCG repeated after 7 days; levels decreased significantly. Patient was improved symptomatically and bleeding stopped. Cervical pregnancy is a rare condition, if not diagnosed and treated early during the course of pregnancy can have hazardous complications. Thus early diagnosis and management is necessary for preserving patient’s fertility without significant complications.
Functional connectivity with the retrosplenial cortex predicts cognitive aging in rats

Changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of large-scale brain networks are a prominent feature of brain aging, but defining their relationship to variability along the continuum of normal and pathological cognitive outcomes has proved challenging. Here we took advantage of a well-characterized rat model that displays substantial individual differences in hippocampal memory during aging, uncontaminated by slowly progressive, spontaneous neurodegenerative disease. By this approach, we aimed to interrogate the underlying neural network substrates that mediate aging as a uniquely permissive condition and the primary risk for neurodegeneration. Using resting state (rs) blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI and a restrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex seed, aged rats demonstrated a large-scale network that had a spatial distribution similar to the default mode network (DMN) in humans, consistent with earlier findings in younger animals. Between-group whole brain contrasts revealed that aged subjects with documented deficits in memory (aged impaired) displayed widespread reductions in cortical FC, prominently including many areas outside the DMN, relative to both young adults (Y) and aged rats with preserved memory (aged unimpaired, AU). Whereas functional connectivity was relatively preserved in AU rats, they exhibited a qualitatively distinct network signature, comprising the loss of an anticorrelated network observed in Y adults. Together the findings demonstrate that changes in rs-FC are specifically coupled to variability in the cognitive outcome of aging, and that successful neurocognitive aging is associated with adaptive remodeling, not simply the persistence of youthful network dynamics.
Management of skin defect following resection of Stage IV scalp melanoma: A case report.

Introduction Surgical defect left following excision of a large and neglected scalp melanoma of can pose a significant challenge for the surgeon. Scalp reconstruction encompasses options such as skin flaps, grafts, and various mechanical techniques. In scalp excision that involves dissection beyond the galea, skin grafts and flaps may not take well and not enough tissue may be available for a skin flap.
Foofah: A Programming-By-Example System for Synthesizing Data Transformation Programs

Advancements in new data analysis and visualization technologies have resulted in wide applicability of data-driven decision making. However, raw data from various sources must be wrangled into a suitable form before they are processed by the downstream data tools. People traditionally write data transformation programs to automate this process, and such work is cumbersome and tedious. We built a system called FOOFAH for helping the user easily synthesize a desired data transformation program. Our system minimizes the user's effort by only asking for a small illustrative example comprised of the raw input data and the target transformed output; FOOFAH then synthesizes a program that can perform the desired data transformation. This demonstration showcases how the user can apply FOOFAH to real-world data transformation tasks.
Localized thin film damage sourced and monitored via pump-probe modulated thermoreflectance

Damage in the form of dewetting and delamination of thin films is a major concern in applications requiring micro- or nano-fabrication. In non-contact nanoscale characterization, optical interrogation must be kept to energies below damage thresholds in order to conduct measurements such as pump-probe spectroscopy. In this study, we show that the thermoreflectance of thin films can indicate the degree of film damage induced by a modulated optical heating source. By adjusting the absorbed power of the pump heating event, we identify the characteristics of the change in the thermoreflectance signal when leading up to and exceeding the damage threshold of gold films of varying thicknesses on glass substrates.
Enhancing the Behavioral and Mental Health Services Within School-Based Contexts

ABSTRACTRecent health care reform provides many new opportunities to expand mental health and behavioral support to students in schools and school–community partnerships. Through newly available funding sources, as well as expanded legislative initiatives, school psychologists can advocate for and become leaders in delivering universal programming, tiered mental health supports, and formalized collaborative efforts with community agencies. The authors highlight the application of tiered levels of services, with current practice samples, designed to address students' mental and behavioral health. Implications for practice are discussed.
Real men set norms? Anti-trafficking campaigns and the limits of celebrity norm entrepreneurship:

This article analyzes celebrities’ norm entrepreneurship through a specific instance of its enactment: Ashton Kutcher and Demi Moore’s media campaign against human trafficking (the K&M Campaign). D...
Elevated CO 2 and Plant Productivity in the 21st Century: Can we feed billions and preserve biological diversity?

Sometime near the middle of the next century the human population will have doubled. It will, according to projections, increase from about six billion to almost twelve billion people. We must feed and shelter these additional humans. Additionally, it is expected that, this increase in human population will result in a major increase in the amount of fossil fuel consumption above and beyond the current per capita consumption. Therefore, the emission of carbon dioxide will increase dramatically and may become a much more critical environmental issue than at present (Fig. 1). Currently, a person in the United States of America, on average, uses 22 tons of carbon per year, whereas a person in India, for example, uses only 0.7 tons of carbon per year (Fig. 2). Thus, an individual in the United States consumes almost 40 times as much as an individual in India. Progress, which is the aim of many developing nations will be accomplished only by increased per capita energy consumption. As a result, the carbon output per person, in these developing countries will dramatically increase. It may even double. For example, if we take current emission in Russia (currently between the United States and India) as a standard and assume that all developing countries at the moment, aspire for development, we reach an astonishing fact. The amount of energy used in the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in the atmosphere, would show that the emission of carbon dioxide could go up by a factor of 4 or there about. Apparently, there is no escape from the fact that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will significantly rise and that, in addition to direct effects on plant photosynthesis, growth allocation and phenology, there will be changed in weather patterns. CO2 is predicted to influence primary productivity on the land and the ocean (Fig. 3). Thus, the need to better understand the mechanisms of photosynthesis and photosynthate allocation.
Kinetic Basis of Cis- And Trans-Allostery in GLUT1-Mediated Sugar Transport

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that GLUT1-mediated erythrocyte sugar transport is more complex than widely assumed and that contemporary interpretations of emergent GLUT1 structural data are incompatible with the available transport and biochemical data. This study examines the kinetic basis of one such incompatibility-transport allostery-and in doing so suggests how the results of studies examining GLUT1 structure and function may be reconciled. Three types of allostery are observed in GLUT1-mediated, human erythrocyte sugar transport: (1) exofacial cis-allostery in which low concentrations of extracellular inhibitors stimulate sugar uptake while high concentrations inhibit transport; (2) endofacial cis-allostery in which low concentrations of intracellular inhibitors enhance cytochalasin B binding to GLUT1 while high concentrations inhibit binding, and (3) trans-allostery in which low concentrations of ligands acting at one cell surface stimulate ligand binding at or sugar transport from the other surface while high concentrations inhibit these processes. We consider several kinetic models to account for these phenomena. Our results show that an inhibitor can only stimulate then inhibit sugar uptake if (1) the transporter binds two or more molecules of inhibitor; (2) high-affinity binding to the first site stimulates transport, and (3) low-affinity binding to the second site inhibits transport. Reviewing the available structural, transport, and ligand binding data, we propose that exofacial cis-allostery results from cross-talk between multiple, co-existent ligand interaction sites present in the exofacial cavity of each GLUT1 protein, whereas trans-allostery and endofacial cis-allostery require ligand-induced subunit-subunit interactions.
Energy flow in brain.

Publisher Summary In this chapter, experiments related to nervous tissue activity and ATP utilization are presented and the changes in ATP utilization under a variety of experimental conditions are discussed. From the experiment, the survival of rats in anoxia was found to decrease with increasing neonatal maturation and to be closely related to the decrease in cerebral ATP concentration. The inhibition of glycolysis by iodoacetate was shown to decrease the survival time of rats in anoxia. In experiments with chicken vagus nerve, the spike height and conduction rate of non-myelinated fibers were found to be altered with changes in the ATP concentration. A calculation of the energy cost for activity reveals a greater cost in the vagus nerve than in the frog sciatic; however, it is noted that the much greater number of small fibers in the vagus could mean a smaller energy cost per bit of information. The cerebral energy flow, in particular the ATP utilization, is shown to be greatly slowed with the reduction of brain activity by hypothermia and by certain drugs and in nerve fibers to increase directly with the rate of stimulation. The experiments discussed support the idea that ATP is directly in the path of energy flow in nervous tissue and further that the power requirement is related to the area of the active surfaces per unit weight of tissue. The major flow of energy in the brain passes through ATP and very likely is directed toward re-establishing the ionic changes resulting from nervous activity, Na+–K+ stimulated Mg++ dependent ATPase system.
E-cigarette advertising exposure in e-cigarette naïve adolescents and subsequent e-cigarette use: A longitudinal cohort study.

Abstract Objective Electronic (E-) cigarettes are one of the most popular tobacco products used by adolescents today. This study examined whether exposure to advertisements in (1) social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest/Google Plus), (2) traditional media (television/radio, magazines, billboards), or (3) retail stores (convenience stores, mall kiosks, tobacco shops) was associated with subsequent e-cigarette use in a longitudinal cohort of adolescents. Methods Data were drawn from longitudinal surveys conducted in fall 2013 (wave 1) and spring 2014 (wave 2) of a school-based cohort attending 3 high schools and 2 middle schools in Connecticut. Adolescents were asked about tobacco use behaviors and where they had recently seen e-cigarette advertising at wave 1. We used logistic regression to determine whether advertising exposure at wave 1 increased the odds of e-cigarette use by wave 2, controlling for demographics and cigarette smoking status at wave 1. Results Among those who have never used e-cigarettes in wave 1 (n = 1742), 9.6% reported e-cigarette use at wave 2. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that exposure to e-cigarette advertising on Facebook (OR 2.12 = p Conclusion This study provides one of the first longitudinal examinations demonstrating that exposure to e-cigarette advertising on social networking sites among youth who had never used e-cigarettes increases the likelihood of subsequent e-cigarette use.
A Cycle for Integration Yielding the Zonal Spherical Function of Type An

The integral of a certain multivalued form over a cycle A provides the zonal spherical function of type An. This paper is devoted to a quantum group analysis and verification of monodromy properties of the distinguished cycle Δ. The zonal spherical function in the case of the root system of type An is a particular conformal block of the WA n-algebra.
Designing Projects for Career Construction

The present chapter applies the contextual action theory model to counseling for career construction. While action has always been an implicit part of the career construction model, its central role has been underdeveloped both conceptually and practically. The chapter begins by describing seven perspectives shared by action theory and career construction counseling theory. It goes on to discuss how counselors may use a project appraisal to analyze and understand a client’s reasons for seeking counseling and goals for the consultation. The appraisal seeks to identify a client’s adaptation projects and goals. When performed systematically, project appraisal follows a routine that examines eight elements concerning how counseling may be useful to a particular client: goals, projects, trajectory, context, emotions, readiness, resources, and audience.
3D Face Recognition Based on Curvature Feature Matching, with Expression Variation

In this paper, we try to improve face recognition system by taking better advantage of the inherent 3D nature of the face. Face recognition can be greatly improved because the abundant 3D face features can be obtained from different angles. During the simulation, we try to extract the curvatures of the eyes, nose and mouth, which can be used as features for face recognition. The Gaussian curvature is an important component of our work. The distribution of this curvature is used to construct the feature vectors. In order to raise the recognition rate, the projection method is used to intensify the edge information. The mesh modification method is also applied to the 3D mesh models. Finally, the distance between the 3D normalized curvatures of the features is compared between the query and database images for recognition. Even when the facial expression of the query image has changed, we can still achieve a 92% recognition rate with our 3D face recognition algorithms.
Neonatal aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis in the neonate has been associated in the past with a high operative mortality. As a result, in the current era of percutaneous balloon dilatation, the optimal mode of therapy remains controversial. An approach of stabilization with cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, was used at three institutions, and the results are presented. During the period 1983 to 1989, 40 neonates with isolated aortic stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus or coarctation of the aorta, or both, underwent operative therapy. Ages ranged from 1 to 30 days, median of 12 days, including 17 patients in the first week of life. There were 30 boys and 10 girls; weights ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 kg with a mean of 3.6 kg. Perioperative conditions included congestive heart failure in 38 and mitral regurgitation in 16; left ventricular-aortic gradients ranged from 15 to 130 mm Hg, with a mean of 67 mm Hg. There were 30 open valvotomies and 10 transventricular dilatations. The hospital survival rate was 87.5% (35/40) with no significant difference between the methods of valvotomy (9/10 in the transventricular dilatation group, 90%; 26/30 in the open valvotomy group, 87%). Although multiple methods of perfusion and valvotomy were used, the single unifying factor of cardiopulmonary bypass stabilization was present in all 40 patients. No significant difference in survival was noted between institutions, methods of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiopulmonary bypass times, crossclamp times, or method of valvotomy. There have been five reoperations, with one late death in a patient requiring mitral valve replacement and an apical-aortic conduit. One sudden death occurred; autopsy revealed endocardial fibroelastosis. Results demonstrate that in the three institutions using the methods described, a high operative and late survival rate is possible. The results of this technique, against which percutaneous dilatation should be compared, are standard in the current era.
Coproporphyrin III Produced by the Bacterium Glutamicibacter arilaitensis Binds Zinc and Is Upregulated by Fungi in Cheese Rinds

Microbial communities of fermented food microbiomes typically exhibit predictable patterns of microbial succession. However, the biochemical mechanisms that control the diversity and dynamics of these communities are not well described. Interactions between bacteria and fungi may be one mechanism controlling the development of cheese rind microbiomes. This study characterizes a specific bacterium-fungus interaction previously discovered on cheese rinds between the bacterium Glutamicibacter arilaitensis (formerly Arthrobacter arilaitensis) and fungi of the genus Penicillium and identifies the specialized metabolites produced during cocultures. G. arilaitensis was previously shown to produce an unknown pink pigment in response to the presence of Penicillium. Using a combination of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), we determined that this pigment production is associated with production of coproporphyrin III. The discovery that coproporphyrin III preferentially bound zinc over other trace metals found in cheese curds highlights the value of using analytical chemistry to confirm identity of predicted chemical species. IMPORTANCE Bacterium-fungus interactions play key roles in the assembly of cheese rind microbial communities, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions are poorly characterized. Moreover, millions of people around the world enjoy eating cheeses and cheese rinds, but our understanding of the diversity of microbial metabolites ingested during cheese consumption is limited. The discovery of zinc coproporphyrin III as the cause of pink pigment production by Glutamicibacter arilaitensis suggests that secretion of this molecule is important for microbial acquisition of trace metals.
High expectancy and early response produce optimal effects in sertraline treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background Better indicators of prognosis are needed to personalise post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments.AimsWe aimed to evaluate early symptom reduction as a predictor of better outcome and examine predictors of early response. Method Patients with PTSD (N = 134) received sertraline or prolonged exposure in a randomised trial. Early response was defined as 20% PTSD symptom reduction by session two and good end-state functioning defined as non-clinical levels of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Results Early response rates were similar in prolonged exposure and sertraline (40 and 42%), but in sertraline only, early responders were four times more likely to achieve good end-state functioning at post-treatment (Number Needed to Treat = 1.8, 95% CI 1.28-3.00) and final follow-up (Number Needed to Treat = 3.1, 95% CI 1.68-16.71). Better outcome expectations of sertraline also predicted higher likelihood of early response. Conclusions Higher expectancy of sertraline coupled with early response may produce a cascade-like effect for optimal conditions for long-term symptom reduction. Therefore, assessing expectations and providing clear treatment rationales may optimise sertraline effects. Declaration of interest None.
Selective photobiomodulation for emotion regulation: model-based dosimetry study

The transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) technique is a promising approach for the treatment of a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including disorders characterized by poor regulation of emotion such as major depressive disorder (MDD). We examine various approaches to deliver red and near-infrared light to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in the human brain, both of which have shown strong relevance to the treatment of MDD. We apply our hardware-accelerated Monte Carlo simulations to systematically investigate the light penetration profiles using a standard adult brain atlas. To better deliver light to these regions-of-interest, we study, in particular, intranasal and transcranial illumination approaches. We find that transcranial illumination at the F3–F4 location (based on 10–20 system) provides excellent light delivery to the dlPFC, while a light source located in close proximity to the cribriform plate is well-suited for reaching the vmPFC, despite the fact that accessing the latter location may require a minimally invasive approach. Alternative noninvasive illumination strategies for reaching vmPFC are also studied and both transcranial illumination at the Fp1–FpZ–Fp2 location and intranasal illumination in the mid-nose region are shown to be valid. Different illumination wavelengths, ranging from 670 to 1064 nm, are studied and the amounts of light energy deposited to a wide range of brain regions are quantitatively compared. We find that 810 nm provided the overall highest energy delivery to the targeted regions. Although our simulations carried out on locations and wavelengths are not designed to be exhaustive, the proposed illumination strategies inform the design of t-PBM systems likely to improve brain emotion regulation, both in clinical research and practice.
Embedding the dialogic in mixed method approaches to theory development

Little attention has been paid to the processes that are involved in making sense of the role dissonance between sources of data has played in the development of theoretical insight. This methodolo...
Project Management in Libraries

No matter the position or the nature of their day-to-day work, librarians are constantly part of (and leading) large and small projects. Regardless of size or subject, projects must be delivered on...
Routes of cannabis administration among females in the year before and during pregnancy: Results from a pilot project

Use of cannabis during pregnancy is on the rise, yet little is known about how women administer cannabis during the perinatal period. This study examined self-reported modes of cannabis administration among women in the year before and during pregnancy, and their association with self-reported cannabis use frequency using data from 585 women screened in 2018-2019 for cannabis use during standard prenatal care in two medical centers in Northern California. The prevalence of cannabis use was 12% before pregnancy and 3% during pregnancy. Among the 71 women who reported cannabis use before pregnancy and the 19 women who reported cannabis use during pregnancy, smoking was the most common mode of administration (58% and 42%), followed by edibles (27% and 16%), vaping (23% and 16%), lotions (11% and 5%), and other (10% and 0%). In the year before pregnancy and during pregnancy, monthly or less use was most common (56% and 58%), followed by weekly use (24% and 26%) and daily use (20% and 16%). Among cannabis users, 43% used more than one mode before pregnancy compared to 15% during pregnancy. Daily cannabis use was most common among women who reported smoking only or smoking in combination with other modes. These novel results indicate that while smoking is the most common mode of cannabis administration during the perinatal period, there is variation in use and co-use of alternative modes. Future studies are needed to understand the relative health effects associated with individual and combined modes of cannabis administration during pregnancy.
Declining the Big East: A Case Study of the College of the Holy Cross

Abstract The case study examines Holy Cross’ decision not to join the Big East Conference in 1979. Specifically, the case analyzes the commitment to a marketing strategy to de-emphasize athletics at a time when many institutions were using the growth of television to help market their university brand. The study also highlights the impact the decision has had on the institution and the athletic department since 1979. Data were gathered by interviewing two former administrators with over 50 years of experience at Holy Cross, and reviewing archival data and documents including administrators’ correspondence and letters, newspaper articles, magazines and websites related to Holy Cross athletics. Themes are presented in a chronological format to show the sequence of each theme. Results indicated that although the Big East presented many opportunities, administrators valued the academic brand of the institution and refused to sacrifice that brand in the pursuit of big-time athletics.
Air Trapping Correlates With Increased Frequency of Albuterol Use and Severity of Wheeze in Persistent Asthma.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of asthma have been shown to correlate poorly with spirometric variables of obstruction. We hypothesized that lung volume measurements might correlate with symptoms and frequency of rescue inhaler use in asthma. METHODS: Patients with persistent asthma on treatment for ≥12 months were enrolled from university-based clinics. The association between lung volumes, spirometry, asthma symptoms, and rescue inhaler use were explored by using linear modeling. RESULTS: Among the 120 subjects, 76% were women. The mean age ± SD was 52 ± 15 y. With regard to ethnicity, 64% of the subjects were caucasian, 23% were Hispanic, and 13% were African-American. Twenty-one percent of the subjects reported chest pain. There was no significant correlation between asthma symptoms or rescue inhaler use to spirometry indices of obstruction. The residual volume percent of predicted showed a significant association with the wheeze score (r = 0.32, P = .001) and frequency of rescue inhaler use (r = 0.35, P ≤ .001). Linear contrast analysis showed that the mean wheeze score (P = .003) and frequency of rescue inhaler (P = .007) use increased linearly from the lowest to the highest quartiles of residual volume. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed an association only to the residual volume percent predicted value to the pressurized metered-dose inhaler score and the wheeze score. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent albuterol use and wheezing may be a sign of unrelieved air trapping. Chest pain is a unique symptom in persistent asthma, and the pathogenesis requires further studies. Lung volume measurement added to routine spirometry can help identify patients with asthma and with air trapping.
Correlates of Awareness and Use of Heated Tobacco Products in a Sample of US Young Adults in 2018-2019.

Introduction Tobacco companies have devoted increased resources in recent years to developing and marketing heated tobacco products (HTPs) as alternatives to combustible products like cigarettes. However, little is known about correlates of awareness and use of these products in American young adults. Methods Two thousand four hundred ninety-seven young adults (mean age = 21.6) completed survey items on HTP awareness and lifetime use in 2018-2019. Logistic regression models compared young adults who were (1) unaware of HTPs (reference group) with those who were, (2) aware of HTPs, and (3) had ever used HTPs on demographic, tobacco, and other substance use characteristics. Among current smokers, these groups were compared on cigarette use, dependence, and readiness to quit. Results Approximately 12% of respondents (n = 293) were aware of HTPs, and 5% (n = 134) reported lifetime HTP use. Controlling for demographics, HTP awareness and use were both associated with greater use of all types of tobacco products, number of different tobacco products, and use of marijuana and other drugs. Among current smokers, HTP awareness and use correlated with heavier cigarette consumption, greater dependence, and past-month marijuana use, but not with recent quit attempts or thinking about quitting cigarettes. Conclusions Awareness and use of HTPs among young adults were associated with greater use of tobacco products and other substances and, among current smokers, with greater cigarette dependence (but not cessation-related factors). As these products become increasingly available in the United States, additional surveillance and monitoring activities are needed to better understand use patterns, consequences, and reasons for using HTPs. Implications Few studies have examined factors associated with awareness and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) among US young adults. HTP awareness and lifetime use correlated with a range of factors, including male gender, white race/ethnicity, and tobacco and other substance use. Lifetime use of HTPs was low (5%); most lifetime HTP users reported history of other tobacco use, but a sizeable minority (14%) reported no other tobacco product use history. Among current cigarette smokers, cigarette dependence, poly-tobacco use, and marijuana use-but not cigarette cessation attempts or contemplation-were associated with greater likelihood of awareness and use of HTPs.
Navigating a Complex Health System: the Perceptions of Psychiatric Residents in Addressing Sexual and Reproductive Health of Women with Severe Mental Illness.

This study’s purpose was to examine attitudes and perceptions of resident psychiatrists regarding the sexual and reproductive health needs of their female patients with severe mental illness. The three aims were to investigate resident psychiatrists’ (1) perceptions regarding the importance of providing sexual and reproductive health services to female patients in the outpatient behavioral health setting, (2) current engagement in providing sexual and reproductive health services to their female patients, and (3) perceived barriers and facilitators to addressing sexual and reproductive health in this vulnerable patient population. Fifteen resident psychiatrists were recruited from the behavioral health clinic at a safety-net public sector hospital for a structured interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then coded using MAXQDA© software. Resident psychiatrists recognized the importance of addressing sexual and reproductive health with their female patients and recognized their hypothetical ability to provide sexual and reproductive health counseling and services based on their training and resources. However, residents reported rarely providing these services, mostly addressing sexual and reproductive health only when necessitated by medication changes. Perceived barriers included lack of training or knowledge, discomfort, and limited appointment time. Resident psychiatrists perceive a need to address sexual and reproductive health with their female patients with serious mental illness but lack the confidence and resources to do so. Directed education and clear institutional guidelines are necessary to equip the next generation of psychiatrists with the tools needed to address the sexual and reproductive health needs of women with serious mental illness.
Tragedy, The Greeks, and Us: by Simon CritchleyNew York: Pantheon, 2019, 337 pp, ISBN 9781524747947 (hardback)

Tragedy, The Greeks, and Us is a thorough and passionate exploration of the concept of tragedy and its expression in theatre through a range of reconsiderations of how it has been treated in Wester...
A review of mechanistic models of viral dynamics in bat reservoirs for zoonotic disease

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus with suspected bat origins, highlights a critical need for heightened understanding of the mechanisms by which bats maintain potentially zoonotic viruses at the population level and transmit these pathogens across species. We review mechanistic models, which test hypotheses of the transmission dynamics that underpin viral maintenance in bat systems. A search of the literature identified only twenty-five mechanistic models of bat-virus systems published to date, derived from twenty-three original studies. Most models focused on rabies and related lyssaviruses (eleven), followed by Ebola-like filoviruses (seven), Hendra and Nipah-like henipaviruses (five), and coronaviruses (two). The vast majority of studies has modelled bat virus transmission dynamics at the population level, though a few nested within-host models of viral pathogenesis in population-level frameworks, and one study focused on purely within-host dynamics. Population-level studies described bat virus systems from every continent but Antarctica, though most were concentrated in North America and Africa; indeed, only one simulation model with no associated data was derived from an Asian bat-virus system. In fact, of the twenty-five models identified, only ten population-level models were fitted to data - emphasizing an overall dearth of empirically derived epidemiological inference in bat virus systems. Within the data fitted subset, the vast majority of models were fitted to serological data only, highlighting extensive uncertainty in our understanding of the transmission status of a wild bat. Here, we discuss similarities and differences in the approach and findings of previously published bat virus models and make recommendations for improvement in future work.
Analysis of digital breast tomosynthesis acquisition geometries in sampling Fourier space

Tomosynthesis acquires projections over a limited angular range and thus samples an incomplete projection set of the object. For a given acquisition geometry, the extent of tomosynthesis sampling can be measured in the frequency domain based on the Fourier Slice Theorem (FST). In this paper we propose a term, “sampling comprehensiveness”, to describe how comprehensively an acquisition geometry samples the Fourier domain, and we propose two measurements to assess the sampling comprehensiveness: the volume of the null space and the nearest sampled plane. Four acquisition geometries, conventional (linear), T-shape, bowtie, and circular geometries, were compared on their comprehensiveness. The volume of the null space was estimated as the percentage of voxels subtended by zero slices in the sampled Fourier space. For each voxel in the frequency space, the nearest sampled plane and the distance to that plane were recorded. Among the four, the circular geometry was determined to be the most comprehensive based on the two measurements. We review tomosynthesis sampling with a finite number of projections and discuss how the sampling comprehensiveness should be interpreted. We further suggest that the decision on a system geometry should consider multiple factors including the sampling comprehensiveness, the task to be performed, the thickness of the imaged object, system specifications, and reconstruction algorithm.
Thermal Stability of Intermetallic Phases in Fe-rich Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo Alloys

Understanding the thermal stability of intermetallic phases in Fe-rich Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo alloys is critical to alloy design and application of Mo-containing austenitic steels. Coupled with thermodynamic modeling, the thermal stability of intermetallic Chi and Laves phases in two Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo alloys was investigated at 1273 K, 1123 K, and 973 K (1000 °C, 850 °C, and 700 °C) for different annealing times. The morphologies, compositions, and crystal structures of the precipitates of the intermetallic phases were carefully examined by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Two key findings resulted from this study. First, the Chi phase is stable at high temperature, and with the decreasing temperature it transforms into the Laves phase that is stable at low temperature. Secondly, Cr, Mo, and Ni are soluble in both the Chi and Laves phases, with the solubility of Mo playing a major role in the relative stability of the intermetallic phases. The thermodynamic models that were developed were then applied to evaluating the effect of Mo on the thermal stability of intermetallic phases in type 316 and NF709 stainless steels.
An Introduction to Kant's Moral Philosophy

1. Introduction: the strange thing 2. A sketch of Kantian will: desire and the human subject 3. A sketch continued: the structure of practical reason 4. A sketch completed: freedom 5. Against nature: Kant's argumentative strategy 6. The categorical imperative: free will willing itself 7. What's so good about the good Kantian will? The appeals of the strange thing 8. Conclusion: Kant and the good free rational will Bibliography.
Earthen levee slide detection via automated analysis of synthetic aperture radar imagery

The main focus of this research is to detect vulnerabilities on the Mississippi river levees using remotely sensed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. Unstable slope conditions can lead to slump slides, which weaken the levees and increase the likelihood of failure during floods. On-site inspection of levees is expensive and time-consuming, so there is a need to develop efficient automated techniques based on remote sensing technologies to identify levees that are more vulnerable to failure under flood loading. Synthetic Aperture Radar technology, due to its high spatial resolution and potential soil penetration capability, is a good choice to identify problem areas along the levee so that they can be treated to avoid possible catastrophic failure. This research analyzes the ability of detecting the slump slides on the levee with NASA JPL’s Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) data. The main contribution of this research is the development of a machine learning framework to (1) provide improved knowledge on the status of the levees, (2) detect anomalies on the levee sections, (3) provide early warning of impending levee failures, and (4) develop efficient tools for levee health assessment. Textural features have been computed and utilized in the classification tasks to achieve efficient levee characterization. The RX anomaly detector, a training-free unsupervised classification algorithm, detected the active slides on the levee at the time of image acquisition and also flagged some areas as “anomalous,” where new slides appeared at a later date.
Multiple Comparisons and Truncation Bias in Family Policy Research: Strategies from the Building Strong Families Evaluation

This chapter uses the recently conducted evaluation of Building Strong Families as an example to explore two challenges for family research: (1) managing multiple comparisons when evaluating a program that aims to influence a wide range of outcomes and (2) dealing with potential bias introduced by examining truncated measures (i.e. measures that are not defined for all sample members). The evaluation’s strategy for dealing with multiple comparisons was to limit the number of outcomes that provide the key test of program effectiveness, and then use methods such as outcome domain composite indices and statistical adjustments for multiple comparisons to assess the strength of the pattern of impact findings. The evaluation’s strategy for dealing with truncated variables was to assess the risk of truncation bias using existing standards for sample attrition in experimental evaluations, and then use that assessment to determine which analysis may be included in evaluating program effectiveness.
Excellence in Community College Student Affairs.

Student success, accountability, and educational outcomes have been strongly emphasized in U.S. community colleges in recent years. For those individuals serving in community college student affairs, intentional commitment to standards and competencies in professional practice is essential in order to achieve institutional expectations and to meet increasing external demands. Student affairs leaders must provide structure and support to staff members along the continuum of experience from emerging student affairs professionals to mid-level practitioners through senior-level executives in order to identify potential leaders and to develop succession plans for the community colleges of tomorrow. This chapter explores the framework of excellence in the support, preparation, and ongoing professional development of community college student affairs professionals.
Gallo, Robert Charles (1937-Present)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Gallo, Robert Charles (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS))