cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preoperative prednisone therapy in platelet function disorders

Abstract Excessive bleeding during surgical procedures may occur in patients with disorders of platelet function. This report describes a prospective study of preoperative prednisone therapy in preventing excessive post-surgical bleeding in 14 patients with various forms of qualitative platelet defects (“aspirin-like” defect). All patients had a history of excessive bleeding, a prolonged bleeding time, and diminished platelet aggregation with epinephrine and/or collagen. A trial of prednisone therapy was instituted prior to elective surgery. In all cases, the bleeding time was corrected to the normal range of less than 10 minutes. Platelet aggregation abnormalities were, however, unchanged. Surgery performed included dental extractions, and major abdominal, orthopedic, cardiac and ophthalmologic procedures. In no instance was excessive bleeding noted during or following surgery. Platelet transfusions were not needed in these patients. It is concluded that short term prednisone therapy, monitored by the bleeding time, is effective in preventing excessive surgical bleeding in certain patients with platelet function disorders.
Chlorine reactions on the Si (111) surface

Abstract Auger electron emission spectroscopy has been used to identify and, with suitable calibration, to quantitatively specify chlorine surface concentrations on Si (111) surfaces. Adsorption rates of Cl2 on Si(111) 7 and Si(111) √19 surfaces have been measured as a function of substrate temperature, and sticking probabilities have been subsequently calculated. The initial sticking probability is ~ 0.1. Adsorbed chlorine is observed to exist in two states, one, weakly bound and the other, strongly bound to the surface. Electron beam desorption of chlorine from Si (111) surfaces can be significant with a focussed electron beam. Starting with an ordered (1 × 1) chlorine structure, the result of beam desorption is a disordered surface. The electron beam desorption cross-section for chlorine was calculated to be ~ 2 × 10−19 cm2. Various LEED structures were observed for chlorine on Si(111) surfaces. These include two with chlorine monolayer concentrations, Si(111)7∗-Cl and Si(111) 1∗-C1, and a third with only a trace (4.5% of a monolayer) of chlorine present, Si (111) 1. The 1 × 1 structures at high and low coverage are different, as shown by the voltage dependence of the reflected beam intensities. The reaction between chlorine and the Si (111) surface follows second order kinetics in its dependence on chlorine surface concentration. The desorption reaction product is SiCl4. From the temperature dependence of the rate constant, an activation energy of 35 kcal mol for the desorption process was measured. A reaction mechanism, involving the surface species [>SiCl2] which is formed on the surface ledge at the junction of (001) and (111) planes, is suggested.
The Influence of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing on Bainite Formation in Low Carbon High Strength Steel

Thermomechanical controlled processing is a very important way to control the microstructure and mechanical properties in low carbon, high strength steel. This is especially true in the case of bainite formation, where the complexity of the austenite-bainite transformation makes the control of the processing important. In this study, a low carbon, high manganese steel containing niobium was investigated to better understand the roles of austenite conditioning and cooling rates on the bainitic phase transformation. Specimens were compared with and without deformation, and followed by seven different cooling rates ranging between 0.5°C/s and 40°C/s. The CCT curves showed that the transformation behaviors and temperatures are very different. The different bainitic microstructures which varied with austenite deformation and cooling rates will be discussed.
Weak interaction of cyclohexane with alumina

Abstract The spreading pressures and isosteric heats of adsorption for cyclohexane on alumina indicate relatively weak interaction for a hydrocarbon. This is interpreted as a lack of compliance of cyclohexane with its frozen-chair structure. The heat-coverage data are similar to adsorption on well-known homogeneous substrates with clear evidence of attractive lateral interactions. Entropy calculations are consistent with mobile adsorption with required rotational freedom.
On vibration of a thick flexible ring rotating at high speed

Abstract In connection with high-performance flywheel energy storage systems containing a thick ring as the primary storage element, there is considerable current interest in the vibrational modes of such an element. In the present analysis both in-plane bending and coupled twisting/out-of-plane bending modes are considered. It is believed to be the first to include either transverse shear deformation or support restraint in the vibrational analysis of rotating rings. Numerical results are presented for a specific flywheel system currently under development.
Caveolae and the organization of carbohydrate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle.

We have previously found that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis occur in separate “compartments” of the VSM cell. These compartments may result from spatial separation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes (Lloyd and Hardin [1999] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 277:C1250-C1262). We have also found that an intact plasma membrane is essential for compartmentation to exist (Lloyd and Hardin [2000] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 278:C803-C811), suggesting that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis may be associated with distinct plasma membrane microdomains. Caveolae are one such microdomain, in which proteins of related function colocalize. Thus, we hypothesized that membrane-associated glycolysis occurs in association with caveolae, while gluconeogenesis is localized to non-caveolae domains. To test this hypothesis, we disrupted caveolae in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of pig cerebral microvessels (PCMV) with β methyl-cyclodextrin (CD) and examined the metabolism of [2-13C]glucose (a glycolytic substrate) and [1-13C]fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP, a gluconeogenic substrate in PCMV) using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Caveolar disruption reduced flux of [2-13C]glucose to [2-13C]lactate, suggesting that caveolar disruption partially disrupted the glycolytic pathway. Caveolae disruption may also have resulted in a breakdown of compartmentation, since conversion of [1-13C]FBP to [3-13C]lactate was increased by CD treatment. Alternatively, the increased [3-13C]lactate production may reflect changes in FBP uptake, since conversion of [1-13C]FBP to [3-13C]glucose was also elevated in CD-treated cells. Thus, a link between caveolar organization and metabolic organization may exist. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:399–408, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Introduction: What Happened? The Children's Book and the Question of History, 1895–1919

Is fiction which makes fact alive, fact too? Robert Browning1 1. Robert Browning, The Ring and the Book, ed. by Thomas J. Collins and Richard D. Altick (Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2011), B...
Anomia: Case studies with lesion localization

Abstract In a recent case study of anomic aphasia following a unilateral left hemispheric stroke limited to Brodmann's area 37, it was proposed that this area may be important for object naming by allowing the semantic system access to stored lexical information. Based on this finding and theories postulating a modular system for word retrieval, we proposed that a patient with a lesion to area 37 and another patient with a lesion to a speech production region located serially downstream from area 37 would both be anomic, and in neither case could the anomia be attributed to a significant semantic impairment. Using a case study design to investigate the level of naming disturbance in these two patients with unilateral left hemispheric strokes, we have demonstrated that Patient 1, who had a lesion to area 37, and Patient 2, with a lesion to inferior-lateral portions of Brodmann's area 6, were anomic with semantic knowledge of words relatively preserved.
Neural networks for uncertainty management in vision systems

Summary form only given, as follows. A novel methodology is examined for the fusion and propagation of uncertainties in a neural-network-like structure. Each node in the network represents a hypothesis. The inputs are the uncertainties associated with the knowledge sources that support the hypothesis, and the output is the aggregated uncertainty. The authors propose the use of fuzzy-set-based activation functions. The parameters of the activation function are chosen depending on the desired 'attitude'. In addition to the traditional union and intersection aggregation connectives, the authors propose the use of a generalized mean connective to increase flexibility. Some attractive properties of the connectives are discussed and a training procedure for such networks is proposed. Initial simulation results are also presented. >
CCPM Symposium II ‐ 01: Imaging breast tumor tissue in vivo with diffuse light: Tumor tissue characterization and monitoring

Diffuse optical tomography with near‐infrared light has allowed characterization of breast tumortissue with a number of different constituent parameters, which could have relevance for diagnosis and therapy. Multi‐spectral tomography provides quantification of hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, water, and scatterer particle size and density. These parameters are shown for normal and diseased breast tissue, with an eye toward their pathobiological interpretation. The images of tumors present in breast cancer show significant increases in hemoglobin, water and scattering relative to the corresponding normal tissue, and the results of ongoing clinical trials are presented. The scattering particle size is shown to be correlated to the pathologically measured particle sizes in excised breast tissue, and further model‐based interpretation of the scatter signal may yield important structural information at the nanometer level in tissue, as measured macroscopically with NIR tomography.Imaging of fluorescence from tissue is also possible and is presented, along with a demonstration of how the technological design can be altered to allow video‐rate imaging similar to an ultrasound scanner.
Optimal operations of transportation fleet for unloading activities at container ports

This paper presents mathematical models that optimize the size of transportation fleet (cranes and trucks) for unloading operations at container terminals. A cyclic queue model is used to study the steady-state port throughput, which then yields the optimum fleet size for long-term operations. This model allows for stochastic operations such as exponentially distributed crane service times. In order to allow for generally distributed crane service times and truck travel times, an approach based on Markovian decision process is also proposed. This model provides dynamic operational policies for fleet management. Both models are implemented and examined with empirical data from the Port of Balboa, Panama. These models are also extended to unloading operations that involve multiple berths.
Thermal effects on stereolithography injection mold inserts

Stereolithography is a process in which a photopolymerizable resin is used to make parts. This method is used here to produce mold inserts for small injection molding runs. This paper focuses on the effects of the heat due to the injection of the polymer on these mold inserts. As the number of shots increases, the degree of cure of the insert changes. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the thermal property changes of the material. The evolution of the ejection forces for different post-cure treatments was investigated. The ejection force decreased with increasing cure of the mold inserts.
A Multimethod-Multitrait Validation Study of the Supervisor Emphasis Rating Form-Revised

ABSTRACT A multitrait-multimethod validation approach was used to investigate the construct validity of the Supervisor Emphasis Rating Form-Revised (SERF-R). Results provide support for the use of the SERF-R with supervisors.
Antibodies to galactocerebroside bind to oligodendroglia in suspension culture

Abstract Antisera raised in rabbits against galactocerebroside bind to bovine oligodendroglia in suspension in significant titer as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. Absorption of antigalactocerebroside antiserum with galactocerebroside, oligodendroglia, or myelin markedly reduces the antigalactocerebroside antibody titer as measured by a radioimmunoprecipitation test as well as the binding to oligodendroglia. Incubation with some other galactose-containing glycolipids results in a parallel decrease in binding to oligodendroglia and reduction in antigalactocerebroside antibody titer. Antigalactocerebroside antibodies provide a useful and specific tool with which to study development of oligodendroglia and myelin as well as immunopathologic mechanisms which might be involved in demyelinating diseases.
Interactions between HIV-1 and mucosal cells in the female reproductive tract.

Worldwide, the heterosexual route is the prevalent mode of HIV-1 transmission, and the female reproductive tract accounts for approximately 40% of all HIV-1 transmissions. HIV-1 infection in the female reproductive tract involves three major events: entry through the mucosal epithelium, productive infection in subepithelial mononuclear cells, and delivery to lymph nodes to initiate systemic infection. Here, we provide a focused review of the interaction between HIV-1 and mucosal epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in female genital mucosa. Increased understanding of these interactions could illuminate new approaches for interdicting HIV-1 heterosexual transmission.
Management of periapical infection: antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from root canals.

Abstract The antibiotic sensitivity to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol of staphylococci and streptococci isolated from root canals has been studied. Using the high-concentration single-disk technique, a convenient method standardized with respect to clinical effectiveness, it was found that 32.4 per cent of the staphylococci were resistant to penicillin and 24.3 per cent were resistant to tetracycline. Of all the streptococci, only the enterococci displayed a high incidence of resistance. Eighty-three per cent were resistant to penicillin, and 33.3 per cent were resistant to tetracycline. The importance of routine antibiotic-sensitivity tests to aid in the management of periapical infections has been discussed.
Vibrational characteristics of silver clusters in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Evidence from a number of previous experiments is found for Ag-cluster vibrations in enhanced Raman scattering from a Ag surface. By the analysis of the conditions specific to such experiments, the most likely identity of these clusters has been revealed to be ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{4}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$. To further confirm this assignment, the vibrational signature of the clusters has been tested in a simple calculation. The model includes the effects of (1) adsorption of the ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{4}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$ cluster, (2) the image interaction with the metal, and (3) coadsorbed anions. The calculated (values in parentheses) modes correspond well to the experimentally observed features at 73 (75), 110 (100 and 118), and 161 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ (170 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$).
Initial experiences with surgical treatment of deep burns at a USSR children's burn unit

Abstract Thirty-eight consecutive children with deep burns who underwent early burn wound excision and grafting are reported from the 6th Surgical Department and the All-Union Pediatric Burn Center, Children's Hospital no. 9, Moscow, USSR. Early excision represents a radical departure from previously employed expectant treatment. Infection rate fell from 25–48 per cent to 15 per cent. Two children died during a time period when, based on prior experience, seven to eight children would have been expected to succumb. With additional experience with this technique, results should improve even further.
Intestinal stem cells.

Self-renewal in the intestinal epithelia is fueled by a population of undifferentiated intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that give rise to daughter or progenitor cells, which can subsequently differentiate into the mature cell types required for normal gut function. The cellular signals that regulate self-renewal are poorly understood and the factors that mediate the transition from a stem cell to a progenitor cell in the gut are unknown. Recent studies have suggested that ISCs are located either at the crypt base interspersed between the Paneth cells (eg, Lgr-5+ve cells) or at or near position 4 within the intestinal crypt (eg, DCAMKL-1 or Bmi-1+ve cells). This raises the possibility that distinct stem cell regions exist in the crypts and that ISC’s state of activation will determine how the self-renewal is regulated in the intestinal tract.
Innovative Management of Pruritus

Pruritus remains a significant problem facing dermatologists and can be associated with various dermatoses and systemic derangements. At times, one can treat the underlying cutaneous or systemic process to alleviate itch. However, it is frequently challenging to identify the cause of a patient's itch and, in this situation, even more difficult to manage the symptom effectively. In this article, the authors discuss the approach to a patient with generalized pruritus without clinically obvious dermatoses. They also addresses mechanisms and management modalities of itch in common systemic diseases, including cholestasis, uremia, and neuropathic dysfunction.
Historical development and application of molecular genetic tests for horse identification and parentage control

Abstract For nearly 30 years, blood typing tests have been embraced by horse registration authorities as a practical means to fulfill their chartered responsibilities to record correct pedigrees. While highly regarded as an effective tool for genetic profiling, blood typing has its drawbacks. These limitations paved the way in the mid-1990s to welcome a new generation of genetic technologies involving assays of molecular (DNA) polymorphisms. At present, microsatellites are the DNA marker type providing the best fit to the successful model achieved by horse blood typing. Five years’ experience with microsatellites for parentage testing of horses using hair (root bulbs) has demonstrated these DNA-based tests meet the needs of owners and breed registries. A single panel of microsatellite markers is effective for genetic analysis across breeds. The uses of the current panel include identity testing, detection of incorrect parentage assignments and breed identification in certain narrowly defined situations. While the use of microsatellites may eventually be superseded by second-generation DNA profiling technologies that provide performance or cost advantages, at present, microsatellites are the heir to the blood typing legacy.
Lack of enantioselective microbial degradation of chlordane in Long Island Sound sediment.

Numerous studies have examined the enantiomeric compositions of trans- and cis-chlordane in soils (agricultural, background, and house foundation soils) and in the atmosphere. In contrast, little is known about the enantiomeric compositions of chlordane in sediment. In this work, surficial sediments and sediment cores were collected at various sites in Long Island Sound (LIS) previously surveyed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. Archived surficial sediments at selected sites were acquired from the NS&T Specimen Bank. The chlordanes were racemic or nearly racemic in most archived and recently collected sediments, indicating that the enantiomeric compositions of the sources of chlordane to LIS sediment did not change in the past two decades, and that house foundation soils are likely the major source of chlordanes to LIS. Invariant enantiomeric compositions temporally in surficial sediments and at different depths in sediment cores cle...
Green Roof Mitigation Potential for a Proxy Future Climate Scenario in Chicago, Illinois

Abstract The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) coupled with an urban canopy model is used to investigate the potential of vegetative (green) roof technology to mitigate against ongoing climate warming and continued urban sprawl for a day representing average summer conditions in late-twenty-first-century Chicago, Illinois. Effects related particularly to human health hazards resulting from excessive heat and high pollution concentrations are emphasized. Continued expansion of the urban environment over the next century is shown to lead to an expansion of the warming signal across the metropolitan region. Widespread adoption of vegetative rooftops, through increased albedo and evapotranspiration, reduces temperatures in the urban environment by as much as 3°C, an effect similar to the simpler but less appealing alternative of employing painted or other reflective rooftop structures (e.g., white roofs). A significant limitation to the green roof approach for the c...
Machinima prototyping: an approach to evaluation

Video prototyping is an established technique in HCI, often used early in the design process to show the context in which a particular interface might be used. Unfortunately, even with falling costs, video production is expensive and demands many tangible resources. Machinima appears poised to offer a new approach to video prototyping. To understand how well machinima serves this need today, and to discover insights about how future machinima platform designs might support this approach, we categorize and evaluate a number of machinima platforms for video prototyping.
Hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate accompanying inter-action between Escherichia coli B restriction endonuclease and unmodified deoxyribonucleic acid.

Abstract The Escherichia coli B restriction endonuclease hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and Pi in the presence of unmodified, double-strand DNA and Mg2+. The requirements for maximum ATP hydrolysis are essentially the same as those for phosphodiester bond cleavage. However, ATP is hydrolyzed under conditions where phosphodiester bond cleavage is prevented, namely, in the absence of S- adenosyl- l -methionine and in the presence of DNA which is resistant to the endonuclease by virtue of mutations. ATP is shown to be necessary for the formation of the endonuclease-unmodified DNA complex.
Reliability, validity, and methodological issues in assessing physical activity in older adults.

(2000). Reliability, Validity, and Methodological Issues in Assessing Physical Activity in Older Adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 71, No. sup2, pp. 89-96.
Prenatal exposure to ethanol disrupts spatial memory: effect of the training-testing delay period

The present study investigated how variations in the period of delay between training and testing in the Morris water maze task affect the use of spatial memory in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to ethanol. Previous results utilizing the Morris water maze task have shown that prenatal, or early postnatal, exposure to ethanol produces deficits in the use of spatial memory, a type of memory that is dependent on an intact hippocampus. However, in these prior studies the delay period between the training of animals and the testing of spatial memory is typically fixed at only 1 day. In the current study, which utilized a revised training procedure within the Morris water maze task, the period of delay between training and testing was altered such that it was either 1 day or 3 days. Following the 3-day delay, different levels of prenatal exposure to ethanol impaired the use of spatial memory. In contrast, following the 1-day delay, prenatal exposure to ethanol failed to impair the use of spatial memory. The present study thus shows that prenatal exposure to ethanol differentially affects spatial memory in the Morris water maze task depending on the period of delay between training and testing.
Two Heuristics for the Basic EOQ and EPQ with Partial Backordering

This paper describes two heuristics for the basic economic order quantity and economic production quantity with partial backordering that use the time between orders and the percentage of demand filled from stock as the decision variables. Tests of the heuristics on a set of problems generated by using different values for six situational characteristics indicate that both heuristics should perform well as long as the critical value of the backordering rate is positive and very well if it is at least 0.50.
Circadian control during the day and night: Role of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Abstract Circadian rhythms are reset by light during the night or by nonphotic stimuli during the day. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which appears to mediate at least some nonphotic phase shifts by its actions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), induces phase advances during the day and inhibits light-induced phase advances during the night. In this study, we used a highly selective Y5-like agonist to test whether activation of NPY Y5 receptors is sufficient to mimic NPY during the day and late night in Syrian hamsters. We also tested whether NPY in the early night reduces light-induced phase delays in a dose-dependent manner. Microinjection of a selective Y5 receptor agonist, (Ala31, Aib32)-NPY, into the SCN significantly inhibited light-induced phase advances during the late night, but did not induce phase advances during the day. In addition, concentrations of NPY ranging from 0.23 to 23 mM did not attenuate light-induced phase delays in the early night. These results suggest that activation of Y5-like receptors is sufficient to inhibit light-induced phase advances during the late night but is not sufficient to induce phase advances during the day. Furthermore, this study provided no evidence that NPY can inhibit light-induced phase shifts early in the night.
Predicting longevity in C. elegans: fertility, mobility and gene expression.

Abstract Expression level of an hsp-16.2::gfp transgene is a predictor of longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we examine fertility, movement and longevity, comparing high-expressing (“bright”) and low-expressing (“dim”) animals. There was no differential fertility between bright and dim individuals, suggesting that dim worms were not excessively frail. Worms with high hsp-16.2::gfp expression had improved mobility, consistent with improved health span. We predicted that the increased longevity of the bright worms would be associated with increased expression of protective genes such as those shown to be upregulated in Age mutants. However, few genes were differentially transcribed, although internal controls (hsp-16.2 and family members) were differentially expressed. Quite surprising was the observation that expression level of the transgenic reporter was inherited by the progeny: in seven experiments bright worms consistently produced progeny that were brighter. We tested and ruled out possible artifacts such as differential copy-number of the transgene as an explanation of this differential brightness. These results suggest that a robust physiological state does not depend heavily upon transcriptional differences for its establishment, consistent with proteostatic mechanisms underlying the differential longevity.
Please: a language combining imperative and logic programming

PLEASE is an Ada®-based, executable specification language which supports a formal development method similar to VDM. Like ANNA, PLEASE allows software to be annotated with formulae written in predicate logic; annotations can be used in proofs of correctness and to generate run-time assertion checks. PLEASE differs from ANNA by restricting the logic used in annotations to Horn clauses; therefore, PLEASE specifications can also be transformed into prototypes which use Prolog to "execute" pre- and post-conditions. We believe the early production of executable prototypes will enhance the development process. We also believe the restriction to Horn clauses will allow us to build on the significant research being performed on logic-based programming languages and databases. In this paper we give an overview of PLEASE, present an example specification, describe the translation of PLEASE specifications into Prolog procedures, and discuss some of the techniques used to obtain acceptable efficiency in the resultant prototypes.
Minimization of Trigger Error in Cat-in-a-Box Parametric Earthquake Catastrophe Bonds with an Application to Costa Rica

Abstract Catastrophe bonds are used by the insurance and reinsurance industry and by national governments to cede catastrophic risks to the financial markets. Triggers whose outcomes depend only on the earthquake parameter data published by respected third parties can be implemented to determine without moral hazard whether the bond principal is paid for a certain event. Sensitivity analyses to different design assumptions show that these transactions are often affected by trigger error, unless a sufficiently dense geographic discretization is selected to define the trigger zones. A process of general application to any geography is developed to minimize the trigger error. The methodology is illustrated with the design of a hypothetical cat bond for Costa Rica.
Activated T lymphocytes from patients with high risk of type I diabetes mellitus have different ability to produce interferon-γ, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 and undergo anti-CD95 induced apoptosis after insulin stimulation

Abstract Type I Diabetes mellitus (DM1) is the effect of T cell dependent autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas islet. T cells are activated in response to islet dominant autoantigens, the result being the development of DM1. Insulin is one of the islet autoantigens responsible for activation of T lymphocyte functions, inflammatory cytokine production and development of DM1. The experiments reported in this study have shown the spontaneous increase of CD95 molecule expression on lymphocytes of the first-degree relatives of DM1 patients. The autoantigen insulin is responsible for stimulation in vitro of potentially hazardous ‘memory’ lymphocytes to produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) interleukins. Insulin induced stimulation of lymphocytes in vitro was observed in patients at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus (prediabetics). Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulates lymphocytes of all groups in the same way. Stimulated lymphocytes in second cultures undergo apoptosis induced with anti-Fas specific antibodies. The deletion in vitro of resting peripheral lymphocytes is nonfunctional. Insulin activated T lymphocytes, which undergo apoptosis were not observed in peripheral blood of healthy people and in patients with DM1. This observation suggests that insulin is involved as autoantigen in DM1 progression in patients with high risk of diabetes type I. The autoreactive T lymphocytes may persist in peripheral blood of patients with high risk DM1. Defective elimination of autoreactive T cells may result in autodestructive damage of islets β cells in the prediabetic stage and disease progression to DM1.
Tumor evolution and progression in multifocal and paired non-invasive/invasive urothelial carcinoma

Although multifocal tumors and non-invasive/invasive components are commonly encountered in surgical pathology, their genetic relationship is often poorly characterized. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize somatic alterations in a patient with five spatially distinct, high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas (UCs), with one tumor harboring an underlying invasive component. NGS of 409 cancer-related genes was performed on DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks representing each papillary tumor (n = 5), the invasive component of one tumor, and matched normal tissue. We identified nine unique non-synonymous somatic mutations across the six UC samples, including five present in each carcinoma sample, consistent with clonal origin and limited intertumoral heterogeneity. Copy number and loss of heterogeneity (LOH) profiles were similar in all six carcinomas; however, the invasive carcinoma component uniquely showed focal CDKN2A loss and chromosome 9 LOH and did not harbor gains of chromosomes 5p or X that were present in the other tumor samples. Phylogenetic analysis supported the invasive component arising from a shared progenitor prior to the outgrowth of cells in the non-invasive tumors. Results were extended to three additional cases of upper tract UC with paired non-invasive/invasive components, which identified driving alterations exclusive to both non-invasive and invasive components. Lastly, we performed targeted RNA sequencing (RNAseq) using a custom bladder cancer panel, which confirmed gene expression signature differences between paired non-invasive/invasive components. The results and approaches presented here may be useful in understanding the clonal relationships in multifocal cancers or paired non-invasive/invasive components from routine FFPE specimens.
Connected Hopf algebras of dimension p2

Abstract Let H be a finite-dimensional connected Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p > 0 . We provide the algebra structure of the associated graded Hopf algebra gr H. Then, we study the case when H is generated by a Hopf subalgebra K and another element and the case when H is cocommutative. When H is a restricted universal enveloping algebra, we give a specific basis for the second term of the Hochschild cohomology of the coalgebra H with coefficients in the trivial H-bicomodule k. Finally, we classify all connected Hopf algebras of dimension p 2 over k.
Ataxia-telangiectasia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Lymphoreticular malignancies occur frequently in association with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). This paper presents one new case and reviews all 19 known cases of A-T and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The leukemia is associated with poor prognostic factors: male sex, older age, high white blood cell count, and T or B-cells. There have been no long-term survivors; recently, prolonged remissions have been attained. These patients appear to be at special risk for infections secondary to the immunodeficient state associated with A-T and ALL therapy. A heightened sensitivity to the neurotoxic effects of vinca alkaloids and central nervous system irradiation seems to be present.
Comparison of structural changes in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) during cold hardening in mature trees and in seedlings used in pollutant exposure studies

Abstract One of the concerns in understanding the causes of tree decline has been extrapolating results obtained in controlled experiments on seedlings to mature trees in the field. The goal of this project was to compare results from trees growing under natural conditions at several sites, with varying levels of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) decline, with results from experiments conducted at the Boyce Thompson Institute on ozone and acid precipitation exposures of seedlings. One of the major hypotheses for decline of red spruce is winter injury. There is accumulating evidence that pollutants such as ozone or acidic deposition may increase susceptibility to freezing injury in early winter. The transition from a summer active state, to a state which can tolerate the conditions in winter, involves concerted changes in biochemistry, physiology, membrane composition and cellular structure. Mature tree foliage differs from seedlings in several respects, but alterations in cellular structure between mid-summer and mid-winter are similar. Changes in chloroplast numbers and orientation occur in red spruce foliage from trees of all ages, and under approximately the same conditions. Differences in cellular health are obvious from the different field sites and treatments, yet a similar pattern of response to low temperatures in the fall was seen. Individual mesophyll cells undergo alterations in the amount of cytoplasm and in chloroplast arrangement. Results indicate that foliage from young seedlings is a valid model for the response of foliage on mature trees to cold hardening in the fall.
Structure and morphology of the Bosumtwi impact structure from seismic reflection data

The Lake Bosumtwi impact structure in West Africa offers unparalleled opportunities for the study of cratering processes, as the structure is young (1.1 Myr) and minimally eroded. Because the center part of the structure is covered by Lake Bosumtwi, which is 8 km in diameter and ~70 m deep, it is possible to use marine-type seismic reflection techniques to obtain high-fidelity images of the lake subsurface, including key elements of the impact structure. Eight profiles of multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data were acquired in a radial pattern across the basin, as well as two other high-resolution seismic reflection surveys. The MCS data show a well-defined central uplift near the north-central part of the lake. Observed within the annular moat surrounding the buried central uplift is a section of post-impact lacustrine sediments more than 300 m thick. The central uplift structure has a diameter of 1.9 km and a maximum height of 130 m above the annular moat. The central uplift has an overall irregular upper surface with a small graben structure. We observe a series of normal faults that extend as much as 120 m into the sedimentary section above the central uplift. We interpret the normal faults to be a consequence of ongoing compaction of the high-porosity materials that comprise the central uplift. The interpreted impact structure surface, defined using seismic reflection data, was combined with regional topographic data from outside the lake in the form of a digital elevation model, which provides a useful perspective of overall impact structure morphology.
Rain Barrel–Urban Garden Stormwater Management Performance

AbstractAccelerated stormwater runoff creates environmental problems in many urban communities. Methods for reducing this runoff are available, but most do not work well if soils are poorly drained. Analysis of a rain barrel implementation strategy that diverts only roof runoff, for which there is a beneficial garden use, is presented and illustrated with a case study application. This approach reduces operation to the growing season and requires that the rain barrel function to benefit the garden and to reduce runoff, but may improve homeowner acceptance and operation. General methods for quantifying and bounding system effectiveness are illustrated. Case study results indicate that a 50-gal. (189-L) rain barrel connected to 25% of a 2,000-ft2 (186-m2) residential roof and serving a 150-ft2 (14-m2) garden in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, would reduce the total roof growing-season runoff by 2.4–5.4% and the total annual roof runoff by 1.4–3.1%, depending on the irrigation strategy applied. Increasing garden an...
Obesity as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in patients who undergo cesarean delivery

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate obesity (body mass index greater than 30.0) as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in women having elective or nonelective cesarean deliveries. METHODS: Charts of 611 patients undergoing cesarean were reviewed. After exclusion of those with pre-existing chorioamnionitis, 574 cases were separated into two groups (elective or nonelective cesarean) and then subdivided based on the presence or not of postdelivery infectious morbidity. Estimated blood loss, operative time, number of vaginal examinations, labor length, use of internal monitors, body mass index (BMI), and obesity (BMI greater than 30.0) were then recorded. Student t test, χ2, multivariate analysis, and receiver operating characteristics curves were used where appropriate (significance: P RESULTS: The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.3 weeks. Three hundred sixty patients had nonelective cesareans, and 214 had elective cesareans. Prophylactic antibiotics were used for 86.6% of the nonelective group and 75.2% of the elective group. In the nonelective group and after multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for postoperative infections were as follows: labor length (18.4 hours versus 10.9, P CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that obesity is a independent risk factor for postcesarean infectious morbidity and endomyometritis, even if the cesarean is elective and prophylactic antibiotics are given.
A giant piston-corer

Abstract A new large piston-coring device utilizing well-casing pipe 14 cm (o.d.), 11 cm (i.d.) has obtained cores over 20 m in length in water depths of 100 to 5000 m. Recovery ratios range from 0·76 to 0·87. Penetration varies between 24 and 29 m with a total core weight of 3200–4000 kg and 2 to 3 m of free fall.
Projection Matrices In Specklegraphic Displacement Analysis

Projection matrices are used to derive relationships for determination of displacements from multiple specklegrams. The parameters necessary for solution of these equations are obtained from specklegrams by means of a computer compatible video camera and a temporal analyzer system. The experimental results correlate well with the theory.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Consequences of Neutrino Lorentz Violation For Leptonic Meson Decays

If the observation by OPERA of apparently superluminal neutrinos is correct, the Lagrangian for second-generation leptons must break Lorentz invariance. We calculate the effects of an energy-independent change in the neutrino speed on another observable, the charged pion decay rate. The rate decreases by a factor $[1\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{1\ensuremath{-}{m}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}/{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}}(⟨{v}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}⟩\ensuremath{-}1)]$, where $⟨{v}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}⟩$ is the (directionally averaged) neutrino speed in the pion's rest frame. This provides a completely independent experimental observable that is sensitive to the same forms of Lorentz violation as a neutrino time-of-flight measurement.
Conjugate acid—conjugate base equilibrium in reverse micelles

Abstract This paper investigates the equilibrium of the conjugate acid and base for methyl red in the aqueous phase of a reverse micelle of Aerosol OT in isooctane. It is reported that there is a marked deviation from the predicted values for this equilibrium presumably due to the interaction of the conjugate acid with the anionic detergent, Aerosol OT. Release of the conjugate acid was produced by the cation, imidazole, but not by the cations, octylamine or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. This is explained by a model in which there is an asymmetry of action by the cation.
Increasing Minority Enrollment at a Predominately White Southern University: Perceptions of High School Students

Summary.-This study surveyed 363 high school students (215 blacks and 148 whites) on their perceptions for increasing minority enro!lment at a predominately white southern university. Black high schoo! students perceived that there should be more recruiting contacts by minority admissions personnel, faculty, students, and administrators to increase minority admissions. Varied multicultural events and programs were perceived as desirable, as were increased financial aids. Institutions of higher education compete to increase the enrollment of qualified students. The vying for possible minority students is keen. To increase the pool of black students seeking admission to the University of Georgia, this study was undertaken. Students attend college for a variety of reasons (Astin, 1977; Baird, 1967; Karmen, 1974; Richards & Holland, 1965; Stickgold, 1975), ,but these reasons have been based upon limited samplings of black students. A local survey was thus developed by interviewing a random sample of 100 black students currently enrolled at the University (4% of the population). Using the openended format, these students were asked to suggest alternatives which might increase enrollment of minorities. Then, in April and May of 1980, the questionnaire was administered to 363 high school students enrolled in nine high schools in the greater Atlanta area, as well as in rural Georgia. Their class standings were 52% senior, 31% junior, 10% predominately sophomores, and 9% not indicating their status. The sample was 64% female and 59% minority (black). Presented in Table 1 are the survey stems and respective descriptive statistics for black and white students. Also reported are the t ratios. A fourpoint Likert scale was used; four was the most positive response. The 215 black and the 148 white high school students perceived that the University has the responsibility of promoting and encouraging racial interaction on campus. To this end, these students of both races felt that the University had made and was making a sincere and genuine effort to recruit students, faculty, and administrators from minority groups. Furthermore, most students thought the majority of students in their high school would attend
Why do those who request smoking treatment fail to attend the first appointment

Abstract As part of a larger trial of pharmacological and counseling interventions for light smokers, we performed a telephone-screening interview followed by a scheduled time for an in-person eligibility appointment. Of the 407 who screened positive and expressed interest in participation, 202 failed to attend the first scheduled appointment. This article examines person, study, and study-site characteristics that differentiated those who did follow through from those who did not. The study also examined the self-reported quit rates of both groups 12 weeks later, the time of the study termination. Analyses suggested that nonattendees were more likely to be younger, unemployed, and African American. The most frequently cited reasons for missing the eligibility appointment were work/family obligations, inconvenient appointment times, and personal schedule problems. Those who kept the initial appointment were more likely to report smoking abstinence at 12 weeks. The study has implications for increasing the utilization of potentially effective treatments for smokers.
Membrane Association of Rac Is Required for High Activity of the Respiratory Burst Oxidase

NADPH-dependent superoxide generation can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using recombinant cytosolic factors (p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac) plus flavocytochrome b558. Rac1 and Rac2 are closely related small GTPases, differing primarily in the C-terminal 10 residues where Rac1 but not Rac2 contains a polybasic sequence. In their nonisoprenylated forms, Rac1 was highly effective in reconstituting NADPH oxidase activity (low EC50, high Vmax), whereas Rac2 was only minimally effective (high EC50, low Vmax). In contrast, low concentrations of isoprenylated Rac1 and Rac2 both supported high rates of superoxide generation. Like full length Rac2, truncated forms of both Rac1 and Rac2 in which the C-terminal 10 residues were eliminated were poorly activating, pointing to the C terminus of Rac1 as a determinant of activity. Mutation of single positively charged residues in the C terminus of nonisoprenylated Rac1 markedly reduced its ability to support superoxide generation, affecting both its EC50 and the Vmax. In contrast, mutation or truncation of the C terminus failed to affect the activation of PAK, a Rac-regulated protein kinase. The EC50 for Rac1 increased with increasing salt concentrations, whereas that of Rac2 was independent of salt, implicating the involvement of electrostatic forces for the former. Using flavocytochrome b558 reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine vesicles, the EC50 for Rac1 but not Rac2 decreased (increased binding) when an acidic phospholipid (phosphatidylinositol) was present, supporting a role for the Rac1 polybasic C terminus in binding to the membrane. A model in which Rac must associate simultaneously both with p67-phox and with the membrane to activate the NADPH oxidase can account for the above observations.