cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thoracic battle injuries in the Lebanon War: review of the early operative approach in 1,992 patients.

Abstract The effectiveness of aggressive resuscitation and early surgical intervention is evaluated in 1,992 casualties with thoracic battle wounds in Lebanon. The mechanism of injury was mainly high-velocity missiles and shelling in city battles. Ninety-seven percent of the wounds were penetrating. The mean age of the wounded was 20 years and the average transport, 4.2 km (3 miles). Logistics and newly equipped thoracic centers aided uniform therapy. For decompensating patients or those in critical condition, initial shock was treated with rapid volume expansion, cardiopulmonary support, and urgent thoracotomy. Thoracotomy was required in 1,422 casualties (71%) and definitive tube thoracostomy in 29%. Three hundred ten patients had pulmonary resections: 36 pneumonectomies, 112 lobectomies, and 162 segmental resections. In 627 patients following primary thoracotomy survival was 98.4%. For 456 casualties with additional systemic procedures, survival was 96.9%. For 285 casualties with cardiac injuries, a significant 14% incidence, overall survival was 73%. Survival was best for those with pericardial and coronary vessel wounds and dropped to 46% for those with left ventricular injuries. Survival was 87% among 54 patients with great vessel wounds. Life salvage in 726 (36%) patients was documented to result from early open procedures. Other benefits of this approach are presented in this broad-based study.
Factors predictive of local disease control after intra-arterial concomitant chemoradiation (RADPLAT).

Objectives: To determine the relative risk of prognostic factors for local disease control following RADPLAT. Study Design: Prospective study, academic medical center. Methods: Analyses of nine categories of risk factors among 240 patients with Stage II-IV carcinoma consecutively treated with RADPLAT (cisplatin 150 mg/m 2 IA and sodium thiosulfate 9 g/m 2 IV, weekly x4; radiotherapy 2 Gy/fraction/d, 5x weekly, 68-74 Gy over 6 to 7 weeks). Median follow-up: 58 months (range, 12-96 mo). Results: The percentage of patients who had local disease control was 87.5%. Univariant analysis showed T classification (P = .01), laterality of neck disease (P = .026), number of neck levels involved (P = .008), total dose of radiation greater versus less than 60 Gy (P = .027), and presence of pathologically positive lymph nodes following chemoradiation (P = .01) to be significant. Logistic regression analysis showed total dose of radiation (P = .03) and the presence of pathologically positive lymph nodes following chemoradiation (P = .05) to be significant. For Kaplan-Meier estimates of local disease control at 5 years, T classification (P = .038), number of levels with nodal disease (P = .006), and total dose of radiation therapy (P = .0001) were significant. The log-rank test identified as significant the total dose of radiation therapy (P <.0001), the presence of pathologically positive lymph nodes following chemoradiation (P =.005), and the number of neck levels with positive nodes (P =.006). The Cox regression model showed significance for the total dose of radiation (P =.001), the presence of pathologically positive lymph nodes following chemoradiation (P =.007), and the T classification (P =.029). Conclusion: Risk factors significantly associated with local disease control after RADPLAT appears to differ from more traditional therapy and is suggestive of a paradigm shift.
Nursing: a select bibliography of reference sources

Provides a bibliography of nursing and nursing‐related reference sources available in The Henry Birnbaum Library at Pace University. Lists bibliographies, biographical sources, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias and guide and handbooks as well as statistical sources and various online reference sources. Aims to be of use to nursing students.
Harmonic Analysis of Jet Mixing

Development of low-pollution gas turbine engines has been calling for the development on new technologies. Lean premixed combustion is one of them but tends to be accompanied by combustion instabilities. Some instabilities are caused by coupling between the combustion zone and upstream fuel/air mixing chamber. Acoustic oscillations in the mixing chamber lead to variation of mixture distribution in the combustion zone. On the other hand, the instability itself may improve the turbulent mixing that mitigates these equivalence ratio fluctuations. The goal of this study is to gain knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms of harmonically perturbed jet mixing in air. A jet is considered as a system on which a harmonic analysis is performed. The input parameter is a modulated velocity to induce perturbation. The output parameter is the whole flow field, particularly the statistics of mixture fraction distribution. The tool is a high-order compressible direct numerical simulation code. It is demonstrated that the system can be qualified as a band-pass filter. The efficiency of mixing reaches a maximum for a modulation frequency comparable to the natural mode of a laminar jet. This study suggests that the characteristic frequency of the system to improve mixing can be inferred from the investigation of the natural mode of this system and vice versa.Copyright © 2008 by National Research Council Canada
On the structure of geometric positioning information in GPS measurements

The geometric information from observables of the Global Positioning System is analyzed through the eigenvectors of the normal matrix in the positioning estimation problem. The relationship among observability, bias absorption and loss of information in differencing measurements is addressed. Some general conclusions for point positioning and relative positioning problems are drawn from analytic inference and supported by numerical simulations.
Some aspects of water and sodium exchange of freshwater crocodilians in fresh water and sea-water: Role of the integument

Abstract 1. 1. Water efflux and sodium influx and efflux were measured in Alligator mississippiensis and Crocodylus moreletii in fresh water and/or sea-water. 2. 2. Overall body water effluxes in these two species are similar in fresh or sea-water. 3. 3. A large proportion of the water turnover in Alligator occurs through the integument. 4. 4. There are marked regional differences in in vitro measures of water permeability of Alligator, with oral epithelia greatly exceeding that of the ventro-lateral integument. 5. 5. Values of integumental water flux in Alligator are much higher than those for sodium. 6. 6. Overall body sodium influxes in sea-water for these two crocodilians (unfed) were moderate for freshwater reptiles, but higher than in most estuarine and marine forms. 7. 7. Most of the sodium uptake from sea-water occurs in the cephalic region, as drinking or diffusion across epithelia. 8. 8. The integument of Alligator has a very low permeability to sodium; oral epithelia are much higher. 9. 9. Fed crocodilians in fresh water have a higher sodium efflux than when unfed. 10. 10. Alligator exposed to sea-water can increase body sodium efflux if there is also access to fresh water. However access to 9 ppt instead of fresh water depresses this response. 11. 11. Based on integumental water fluxes, Alligator is not physiologically a highly aquatic form comparable to the freshwater turtles Chelydra and Trionyx, or the freshwater snake Regina. This belies an external morphology that is extensively modified for an aquatic life.
Density Control for Decentralized Autonomous Agents with Conflict Avoidance

Abstract This paper describes a method to control the density distribution of a large number of autonomous agents. Our approach leverages from the fact that there are a large number of agents in the system, and hence the time evolution of the probabilistic density distribution of agents can be described as a Markov chain. Once this description is obtained, a Markov chain matrix is synthesized to drive the multi-agent system density to a desired steady-state density distribution, in a probabilistic sense, while satisfying some motion and conflict avoidance constraints. Later, we introduce an adaptive density control method based on real time density feedback to synthesize a time-varying Markov matrix, which leads to better convergence to the desired density distribution. This paper also introduces a decentralized density computation method, which guarantees that all agents will have a best, and common, density estimate in a finite, with an explicit bound, number of communication updates.
Hardwood seedling root and nutrient parameters for a model of nutrient uptake

Use of mechanistic models is an increasingly accepted way to evaluate complex processes. The Barber-Cushman model provides a means to simulate nutrient uptake once information on root system characteristics, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient supply are developed. Objectives of this study were to determine during a growing season: (i) root growth for 1-yr-old black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) seedlings; (ii) net plant increase in N, P, K, Ca, and Mg; (iii) soil solution and solid phase nutrient concentrations; and (iv) the influence of root growth and soil nutrient supply changes on nutrient uptake using the Barber-Cushman model. Seedlings were grown in pots containing A horizon soil from two forest sites. Measurements were made on five occasions during the growing season. Root growth averaged 41.5 cm d -1 for red maple compared with 28.0 and 16.7 cm d -1 for cherry and oak, respectively. Seventy-five percent of root growth occurred at the end of the growing season. Total plant N showed the greatest change (25-58%) due to soil source. Model simulations underestimated observed uptake by 31 to 99%. A clear relationship between soil solution nutrient concentration and plant uptake, an important assumption of the model, was not observed. Results indicate care will need to be exercised in the development and use of root growth and nutrient supply values in mechanistic models.
Interfaces of semiconducting molecular beam epitaxial films

Abstract Detailed microstructural properties of thin film interfaces are systematically explored by the combination of synchroton-radiation-excited photoelectron spectroscopy with controlled sample preparation by molecular beam deposition. This paper is a discussion of (1) the forces controlling the formation of thin film interfaces on compound semiconductor surfaces, (2) the reactions, interdiffusion and subsurface microstructural rearrangements which can occur, and (3) implications for the fundamental electronic behavior of the resulting junctions. Epitaxial and disordered thin films of germanium, gallium, gold and aluminum on both non-polar (110) and polar (100) surfaces of GaAs and AlAs are considered. It is clearly seen that local interatomic interactions at or near the surface control the interface microstructure. Bulk equilibrium compound thermodynamic values (e.g. compound heat of reaction) predict the opposite behavior from that observed for both metal and semiconductor thin films. The thin film interface is sensitive to temperature and/or time, surface stoichiometry and surface structure. The interface diffusion process is distinct from interfacial reactions which occur during the deposition, condensation and growth of the thin film on the surface. The interface microstructure controls the band edge discontinuity for Ge-GaAs(110) interfaces. The common electron affinity difference rule is hardly ever a correct description of the barrier height. An extrinsic process, remarkably similar to that proposed by Spicer for metal thin film interfaces, also occurs for compound semiconductor heterojunctions.
Comparison of two methods of detection, determination, and library search of the substances present in gas chromatography—mass spectrometry data

Abstract A comparison is made of two different methods, LIANAL and MSSMET, for the analysis of a g.c.—m.s. data matrix for the purpose of detecting and determining the metabolic profiles of the substances present. The parameters of the methods and the profiles determined on two different data matrices are compared. The two methods agree in 92 out of a possible 103 instances as to the presence or absence of the 103 substances for which they both made determinations. Ratios of the metabolic profiles for the two samples are highly correlated (0.9954) for the two methods.
A regularized structured total least squares algorithm for high-resolution image reconstruction

Abstract High-resolution image reconstruction is an important problem in image processing. In general, the blurring matrices are ill-conditioned, and it is necessary to compute a regularized solution. Moreover, error exists not only in the blurred image but also the blurring matrix, thus the total least squares method tends to give better results than the ordinary least squares method. Since the blurring matrices are also structured, it is more appropriate to apply Structured Total Least Squares (STLS). Ng et al. [Int. J. Imaging Systems Technol. 12 (2002) 35] recently proposed a Regularized Constrained Total Least Squares (RCTLS) algorithm for this problem. RCTLS is essentially a different name for Regularized Structured Total Least Squares (RSTLS). However, Ng et al. solved a problem that approximates the RCTLS problem. The algorithm proposed in this paper solves the exact regularization of the STLS problem, and it is a faster algorithm. Also proposed is a preconditioner for the linear systems encountered in our RSTLS algorithm.
Requirement for olfactory axons in the induction and stabilization of olfactory glomeruli in an insect

The role of antennal sensory axons in the induction and stabilization of olfactory glomeruli has been explored in the moth Manduca sexta. First, we asked the question: how many axons are necessary to induce glomerulus formation within the first-order olfactory neuropil of the brain? Axons from as few as 10 of the normal 70-80 repeating antennal segments were sufficient to induce glomeruli. However, there was a dose dependence in the number of glomeruli that developed in partially innervated lobes. When only 11 segments of the antenna were allowed to provide innervation to the lobe, only 37 of the normal 59 +/- 2 glomeruli developed; over 20 segments were necessary to induce the normal number of glomeruli. In a second set of experiments, we asked: for how long must antennal axons be present to stabilize newly formed glomeruli? We found that antennal axons must be intact for at least 2 to 4 stages (roughly equivalent to 2 to 4 days) for glomeruli to be stable even if the axons are subsequently severed. This finding, taken in the light of other recent findings in our laboratory, suggests that the formation of synapses may be a crucial element in the stabilization of glomerular structure. All together, the results of the present study indicate that induction and stabilization of glomeruli are separable events with different underlying cellular bases.
A re-examination of William Stern's classic eyewitness research

The classical work (1903–1904) on sex differences in eyewitness behavior by William Stern (1871–1938) provided evidence for a traditional view of the superior ability of males over females in this area. The present investigation replicated Stern's original research (1903–1904) with 20 male and 35 female adults. In contrast to Stern's results, no significant sex differences were found among the participants regarding accuracy of recall and resistance to false information on the short-term memory task.
Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical analysis of α and β keratins in the avian lingual epithelium

The alpha and beta keratins are found as 10-nm and 3-nm cytoplasmic filaments, respectively. While the alpha keratins are produced in essentially all vertebrate epithelia (Franke et al.: Exp. Cell Res., 116:429-445, 1978; Sun et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:2813-2817, 1979), the beta keratins have been demonstrated only in specific epithelial tissues of birds and reptiles (Sawyer et al.: In: Biology of the Integument: Vertebrates. J. Bereiter-Hahn, A.G. Matoltsy, and K.S. Richards, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 2, pp. 194-238, 1986; Landmann: In: Biology of the Integument: Vertebrates. J. Bereiter-Hahn, A.G. Matoltsy, and K.S. Richards, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 2, pp. 150-187, 1986). Recently, Homberger and Brush (Zoomorphology, 106:103-114, 1986) have demonstrated that within the lingual epithelium of parrots, beta keratins are expressed exclusively in the anterior ventral region. While it is well established that epidermal-dermal interactions are important for the regional expression of the beta keratin genes in the avian scutate scales and feathers, little is known about the expression of beta keratins in other epithelial structures such as the tongue. We have used biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques to analyze the alpha and beta keratins of the lingual epithelium of the chick as an initial step in the characterization of this model system for developmental studies. We have found that alpha keratins are present throughout the lingual epithelium. The anterior ventral epithelium contains alpha keratin polypeptides characteristic of skin-type differentiation, while the epithelium of the dorsal and posterior ventral regions contains alpha keratin polypeptides characteristic of esophageal-type differentiation (O'Guin et al.: In: Current Topics in Developmental Biology: The Molecular and Developmental Biology of Keratins. A.A. Moscona and A. Monroy, eds. R.H. Sawyer, vol. ed. Academic Press, New York, Vol. 22, pp. 282-306, 1987). Beta keratins are produced only in the differentiated epithelial cells of the anterior ventral region of the tongue. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates that the alpha and beta keratins of the stratum intermedium and corneum of the anterior ventral region are found together in the large filament bundles characteristic of this region. The preexistence of the alpha keratins in the cells destined to produce beta keratins as well as the colocalization of these keratins in the filament bundles of these cells suggests that a functional relationship may exist between the alpha and beta keratins.
Catalytic conversion of alcohols: VII. Alkene selectivity of tungsten oxides

Abstract In agreement with previous reports, tungsten oxides were found to be selective dehydration catalysts. Pretreatment in hydrogen or oxygen did not alter the dehydration selectivity but did alter the alkene distribution. A high cis -2/ trans -2-alkene ratio was obtained from 2-ols with the oxygen-pretreated catalyst; in this respect it resembled alumina. Adding a similar alkene to the alcohol charge showed that the dehydration products were primary ones even in the case of the hydrogen-pretreated sample, which produced a large amount of the trans -2-alkene from 2-ols. Cis-trans isomerization of 2-methylcyclohexanol did not occur; either the trans elimination pathway was not the dominant one with this alcohol or an isomerization of the alkene product occurred prior to desorption.
Correlation of IgM anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) to HDV RNA in sera of chronic HDV.

Abstract One hundred forty-four serum samples from 52 patients with chronic hepatitis D virus infection were analyzed for hepatitis D virus RNA by dot-blot hybridization using hepatitis D virus cDNA probe labeled with 32P. The results were correlated with the presence of serum IgM anti-hepatitis D virus and hepatitis D antigen in liver biopsy specimens when available. Although there was a trend of positive correlation between serum hepatitis D virus RNA and IgM anti-hepatitis D virus, no statistical significance could be found. In the serum samples with hepatitis D virus RNA, 32% were found to be negative for IgM anti-hepatitis D virus. Therefore, in chronic hepatitis D virus, absence of IgM anti-hepatitis D virus does not rule out active viral infection, as suggested by previous studies. There was a strong correlation between serum hepatitis D virus RNA and hepatic hepatitis D virus antigen. These data indicate that detection of hepatitis D virus RNA in serum samples is a reliable noninvasive marker of active viral infection.
A Study of Beryllium Exposure Measurements, Part 1: Estimation and Categorization of Average Exposures from Daily Weighted Average Data in the Beryllium Industry

Abstract Time-weighted exposure measurements are frequently available for use in occupational epidemiology studies of exposure–response relationships. Generally, these measurements must be combined and extrapolated over time to develop job-specific exposure estimates. A stepwise strategy for the development of exposure estimates from time-weighted data is described. Elements include describing the distribution of the data, exploring trends over time, calculating estimates, and methods of categorizing the estimates. The process is applied to more than 2200 time-weighted exposures from the beryllium processing industry collected from 1950 through 1978. The data were approximately lognormally distributed, requiring the calculation of the mean of the log-transformed data, and subsequent estimation of the arithmetic mean exposure for each job title at the five facilities. Few trends in exposure estimates over time were detected in the data, which may be a result of the small number of data points for each job....
The population structure and inbreeding coefficient in the Yerkes Chimpanzee Colony

This paper describes the establishment and expansion of the Yerkes Chimpanzee Colony over its first half-century of existence. Particular attention is given to the patterns of matings in the population and resultant distribution and levels of inbreeding. Over the period encompassed by this investigation the population mean inbreeding coefficient is 0.0045; the mean inbreeding coefficient for all inbred sibships (20 out of 264) is 0.0990. The mean inbreeding coefficient for all chimpanzees born in the colony is 0.0079, and the highest inbreeding coefficient for any individual is 0.125.
Oxidation of Graphitic Carbon in Certain Soils

Artificial graphitic carbon-14 was oxidized to carbon-14 dioxide in the presence of certain nonsterile soils. Treatment of these soils for the inhibition of biologic activity, by several methods including 5 megarads of electron-beam irradiation, yielded much-less-reactive systems in the oxidation of carbon. Intervention of a biologic agent in some of these oxidative processes is suggested.
A versatile low-cost laboratory apparatus for testing triboluminescent materials

Abstract The design and fabrication of a simple low-cost laboratory apparatus used to test triboluminescent properties of materials is reported. This unique experimental system consists of an impact chamber attached to the bottom of an adjustable drop tower. A 1.25 in. steel ball with a mass of 130 g is dropped from a known height in the tower impacting the pile of powdered triboluminescent sample at low velocities (
Leading the next renovation: redesigning a pharmacy structural workspace.

Abstract Objectives To stimulate people to start researching how to take advantage of a pharmacy redesign opportunity before they are put in the situation of carrying out the redesign. Setting Medium-sized Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Lebanon, PA, from 2007 to 2009. Practice description The pharmacy service at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Lebanon, PA, encompasses all aspects of inpatient, outpatient, clinical, and managerial services. Medications are provided to more than 40,000 outpatients each year, and inpatient services covered nearly 62,000 bed-days of care in fiscal year 2008. We maintain direct clinical pharmacy input on all medical care areas, as well as in behavioral health and primary care. Our site also employs three postgraduate year 1 and two postgraduate year 2 pharmacy residents each year. Conclusion Successful pharmacy renovation is predicated upon proactive and effective leadership that starts long before the project begins.
Barium depletion in hollow cathode emitters

Dispenser hollow cathodes rely on a consumable supply of Ba released by BaO-CaO-Al_2O_3 source material in the pores of a tungsten matrix to maintain a low work function surface. The examination of cathode emitters from long duration tests shows deposits of tungsten at the downstream end that appear to block the flow of Ba from the interior. In addition, a numerical model of Ba transport in the cathode plasma indicates that the Ba partial pressure in the insert may exceed the equilibrium vapor pressure of the dominant Ba-producing reaction, and it was postulated previously that this would suppress Ba loss in the upstream part of the emitter. New measurements of the Ba depletion depth from a cathode insert operated for 8200 h reveal that Ba loss is confined to a narrow region near the downstream end, confirming this hypothesis. The Ba transport model was modified to predict the depletion depth with time. A comparison of the calculated and measured depletion depths gives excellent qualitative agreement, and quantitative agreement was obtained assuming an insert temperature 70 °C lower than measured beginning-of-life values.
The dissulution of a manganese ore in dilute aqueous solution

Abstract The kinetics and the mode of the dissolution of a manganese ore were studied in the laboratory under various conditions such as pH, redox condition, presence of organic matters, and temperature. The results showed that the iron contained in the ore may play an important role in manganese ore dissolution. The presence of organic substances such as nitrilotriacetate, peat extract, and humic acid tended to enhance the extent of manganese dissolution.
Bulk coarse particle arching phenomena in a moving bed with fine particle presence

Bridging or arching of flowing solids particles is a serious hazard in the operation of moving bed systems. The mechanics of the arching has been extensively analyzed in the context of particle discharge from a hopper with conical geometry by considering the particulate layer stress distribution. However, bridging can also occur in a moving bed system with cylindrical geometry during the continuous mass flow of solids particles. Experimental work conducted in this study reveals that the appearance of solids bridging is normally accompanied by the presence of fine particles in the coarse moving particles as well as by the countercurrent interstitial gas flow. In this study, a stress analysis of the layered particles distributed in a cylindrical, vertical moving bed that flows downward opposing to upward flow of the interstitial gas is developed to quantify the bridging phenomenon. The analysis takes into account of the effects of presence of fine powder in the coarse particle flows and properties, such as particle-size distribution, bed voidage, and interstitial gas flow rate. The experimental validation of the present stress analysis for moving bed systems with varied fine and coarse particle concentration distributions, and interstitial gas velocities is also conducted. The stress distributions of the particles under flowing and arching conditions are obtained. An arching criterion is formulated, which indicates that the critical radius of the standpipe to avoid arching phenomenon is only related to the property of the bulk solids in the present geometric configuration of the flow system. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 881–892, 2014
Assessment of closed head injury in trauma-related spinal cord injury

The complete medical records of 122 patients who sustained traumatic spinal cord injuries were reviewed to determine the frequency and results of emergency room assessments for loss of consciousness (LOC) and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Eighty-eight percent of the patients were assessed for LOC and 19% were assessed for PTA. Fifty patients (41% of the total population) admitted to LOC, PTA or both. Fourteen of these 50 patients underwent subsequent radiographic examinations of the skull, all of which were negative. Because of the association of intracranial complications and long-term cognitive sequelae with even brief LOC or PTA, early recognition of craniocerebral trauma is an important component of the acute management of spinal cord injured patients.
An interview with rex stockton

Abstract Rex Stockton discusses his involvement in group counseling, his research interests and contributions, the training of group leaders. and the future of group work.
Swelling of mitochondria by the platelet antiaggregating agent ticlopidine

Our studies on the effects of ticlopidine on mitochondrial functions led us to an intriguing observation related to its interaction with mitochondrial membranes. Liver mitochondria were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and assayed for swelling by spectrophotometry. When ticlopidine was added to mitochondria preincubated in an isotonic test medium, an induced-swelling activity was observed. This activity was time and concentration dependent and occurred in different isosmotic solutions. Several analogues of ticlopidine, assayed under identical conditions, produced only a minor effect. Respiratory chain inhibitors, uncouplers, ATP, and phosphate protected the mitochondria against the ticlopidine-induced swelling, whereas oligomycin did not. Comparative studies with the drugs chloramphenicol, nitroso-chloramphenicol, and salicylate (known for their association with mitochondrial injury) showed the first two to have little effect while the third one caused swelling as expected. On the other hand, oxypolarographic tests of respiring mitochondria in the presence of ticlopidine showed that the drug is not an uncoupling agent. These results indicate that the antiaggregating agent ticlopidine interacts with mitochondrial membranes causing swelling which, in turn, may alter mitochondrial permeability; however, unlike some other swelling agents, it does not act as a classical uncoupler.
PROBLEMS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS WITH BOUNDARY CONDITIONS INCOMPLETELY DEFINED

The possibility to construct the analytic solutions of boundary-value problems of mathematical physics for noncanonical domains is important from the viewpoint of the development of efficient algorithms to quantitatively estimate the characteristics of fields under study. The use of the superposition method allows one to analyze a wide class of specific problems applying the introduced notion of the general solution of a boundary-value problem. However, in this case, some difficulties can arise in the construction of calculation algorithms, because the boundary conditions are incompletely defined on the intervals, where the functions appearing in the general solution are orthogonal to one another. We present examples of problems with such difficulties and study their nature and methods to overcome them. The quantitative estimates of the exactness of constructed solutions are given.
Therapy of estrogen receptor-positive micrometastases in the peritoneal cavity with Auger electron-emitting estrogens--theoretical and practical considerations.

Previous studies have demonstrated that Auger electron-emitting estrogens, when associated with the estrogen receptor (ER), can effect breaks in DNA and ER-dependent radiotoxicity. To evaluate the potential of [123I]-iodoestrogens, ([123I]-IE) to treat ER-positive human cancer cells, we have studied the effect of incubation of [123I]-IE with ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells on cell survival in vitro and found that subnanomolar concentrations of [123I]-IE effectively reduce survival, with a mean lethal dose of about 800 decays per cell. MCF-7 cells incubated 30 min with 2 nM [123I]-IE (13 MBq/ml) showed a 2 log reduction in the ability to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. Evaluation of a mathematical model for [123I]-IE therapy for intraperitoneal micrometases in vivo in the mouse, based on variables related to the (a) specific activity of [123I]-IE; (b) its affinity for ER; (c) the characteristics of the uptake and retention of [123I]-IE by the target cells; (d) the concentration of ER in the tumo...
Korarchaeota Diversity, Biogeography, and Abundance in Yellowstone and Great Basin Hot Springs and Ecological Niche Modeling Based on Machine Learning

Over 100 hot spring sediment samples were collected from 28 sites in 12 areas/regions, while recording as many coincident geochemical properties as feasible (>60 analytes). PCR was used to screen samples for Korarchaeota 16S rRNA genes. Over 500 Korarchaeota 16S rRNA genes were screened by RFLP analysis and 90 were sequenced, resulting in identification of novel Korarchaeota phylotypes and exclusive geographical variants. Korarchaeota diversity was low, as in other terrestrial geothermal systems, suggesting a marine origin for Korarchaeota with subsequent niche-invasion into terrestrial systems. Korarchaeota endemism is consistent with endemism of other terrestrial thermophiles and supports the existence of dispersal barriers. Korarchaeota were found predominantly in >55°C springs at pH 4.7–8.5 at concentrations up to 6.6×106 16S rRNA gene copies g−1 wet sediment. In Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Korarchaeota were most abundant in springs with a pH range of 5.7 to 7.0. High sulfate concentrations suggest these fluids are influenced by contributions from hydrothermal vapors that may be neutralized to some extent by mixing with water from deep geothermal sources or meteoric water. In the Great Basin (GB), Korarchaeota were most abundant at spring sources of pH<7.2 with high particulate C content and high alkalinity, which are likely to be buffered by the carbonic acid system. It is therefore likely that at least two different geological mechanisms in YNP and GB springs create the neutral to mildly acidic pH that is optimal for Korarchaeota. A classification support vector machine (C-SVM) trained on single analytes, two analyte combinations, or vectors from non-metric multidimensional scaling models was able to predict springs as Korarchaeota-optimal or sub-optimal habitats with accuracies up to 95%. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive analysis of the geochemical habitat of any high-level microbial taxon and the first application of a C-SVM to microbial ecology.
The Missing Association: Sequencing-Based Discovery of Novel SNPs in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 That Affect Warfarin Dose in African Americans

It is well recognized that the genetic variants VKORC1-1639, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3 contribute to warfarin dose response. This has led to warfarin dosing algorithms that include these polymorphisms and explains between 47% and 56% of variability in dose in Caucasians. However, these polymorphisms explain significantly less of the variance in dose among African Americans. In order to identify novel variations that affect warfarin dose in African Americans, we used a targeted resequencing strategy that examined evolutionarily conserved sequences and regions of putative transcriptional binding. Through ethnicity-specific warfarin dose model building in 330 African Americans, we identified two novel genetic associations with higher warfarin dose, namely, VKORC1-8191 (rs61162043, P = 0.0041) and 18786 in CYP2C9 (rs7089580, P = 0.035). These novel finds are independent of the previous associations with these genes. Our regression model, encompassing both genetic and clinical variables, explained 40% of the variability in warfarin dose in African-American subjects, significantly more than any model thus far.
Assessing seawater/basalt exchange of strontium isotopes in hydrothermal processes on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges

We have measured the87Sr/86Sr of discharging geothermal waters from three ridge flank hydrothermal systems: (1) the Galapagos Mounds Hydrothermal Field, on 0.7 Myr old crust; (2) a region with crustal age of 4.6 Myr on the west flank of the East Pacific Rise at 19°S; and (3) an area having a crustal age of ∼ 3 Myr in the Mariana Trough, a back arc spreading center. Half spreading rates at our study sites range from 1 to 8 cm/yr, and our sites include both normal spreading centers and a back arc basin. Our sites thus span the range of ridge flank tectonic environments. At each of our study sites, the hydrothermal nature of our study samples is confirmed by supporting heat flow and chemical evidence. Our results show that the87Sr/86Sr of these ridge flank hydrothermal solutions is virtually identical to that of modern seawater, indicating that Sr isotope exchange on the ridge flanks occurs too slowly to be quantitatively important in the oceanic mass balance of the Sr isotopes.
P300-based Stroop study with low probability and target Stroop oddballs: The evidence still favors the response selection hypothesis

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of the locus of action in cognitive processing during Stroop effects. It uses the P300 latency to assess stimulus processing effects, but, for the first time, under conditions in which Stroop stimuli are rare and target stimuli. The study was also concerned with demonstrating that apparent P300s during verbal responding are in fact uninterpretable due to contamination of EEG by speech-related artifact. Three studies were presented. In Study 1, there were 3 blocks, each containing 1 of 3 types of rare Stroop stimuli (p = .15), congruent, neutral, and incongruent. There were also 3 response modes: button press (BUTTON), speaking aloud (VERBAL), and speaking to self (SILENT). Three sessions were used, each for a different response style. The only task was to name the color on each trial. In the 2 non-verbal blocks, Reaction Time (RT) varied by stimulus type; congruent Cz > Fz distribution. The much larger, speech artifact-contaminated “P300s” in the VERBAL blocks did suggest a Stroop effect, especially at Fz and Cz, where “P300s” were larger than at Pz. In Study 2, there were 2 response modes, VERBAL and SILENT, and only two rare Stroop stimuli; neutral and incongruent, 1 per block. In each of these blocks, one word–color combination was a designated target requiring a unique response. The subject was to name the color followed by a yes or no to categorize the target or non-target. Again the RT for incongruents was greater than RT for neutrals, without a parallel effect in P300 latency. Again, the rostral ERPs appeared artifactual in the VERBAL condition. Study 3 was a replication of the second study, except that motivated subjects, versus Psychology pool recruits, were used. The latency–RT correlation still failed to obtain. Thus, using classic P300-eliciting antecedents–rare and target (Stroop) stimuli–this study supports the view that the locus of Stroop interference is in response processing.
Political Sources of Risk in the International Money Markets: Conceptual, Methodological, and Interpretive Refinements

Recent pioneering studies of “political risk” in international money markets are likely to prompt further interest and empirical analysis. This article recommends that future work be attentive to certain fundamental conceptual, methodological, and substantive issues. In particular, it suggests: 1. that the pertinent risks need to be defined and measured more precisely; 2. that analytically useful variables derivable from models of politics should be included in attempts to develop explanatory/predictive models of variations in risk; and 3. that the analysis of political sources of risk has significant implications for an understanding of market efficiency.
Descending inputs to caudal cochlear nucleus in cats: A horseradish peroxidase (HRP) study

After HRP injections into the octopus cell area of the cat cochlear nucleus, only periolivary neurons of the superior olivary complex (SOC) reacted. Elongate neurons in the lateral periolivary nuclei (ipsilateral to the injection) and multipolar neurons in ventromedial periolivary regions (contralateral to the injection) contained granules. No neurons in the main SOC nuclei or higher auditory nuclei reacted, despite a wide range of HRP concentrations. Thus, neurons from the SOC to the octopus cell area of the cochlear nucleus seem to be entirely periolivary and not entirely equivalent to neurons providing collaterals to the olivocochlear bundle.
CdS Nanorod-Based Structures: From Two- and Three-Dimensional Leaves to Flowers

A simple biomolecule-mediated process has been used to direct the growth and assembly of CdS nanorods. Many kinds of biomolecules such as amino acids (glycine, serine), peptides (glycyl-glycine, glutathione), protein (gelatin, lysozyme), protein metabolism product (guanidine), RNA base (uracil), and pyrimidine (uridine) have been utilized. A series of complex CdS nanorod-based structures have been first synthesized in high yields, including three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) leaflike structures and flower-like structures by assembly of CdS nanorods. The products’ morphology and structure have been confirmed to correspond to the used biomolecules’ type and structure. This directed-assembly method using biomolecules may facilitate the assembly of complex nanostructures and would theoretically lead to more and more complicated and useful nanostructures in the future.
LANDAU LEVELS AND VERTEX OPERATIONS FOR ANYONS

We construct exact many-body eigenstates of both energy and angular momentum for the N-anyon problem in an external magnetic field. We show that such states span the full ground state eigenspace and arise as correlation functions of Fubini-Veneziano vertex operators of string theory.
Measurement and the practising ergonomist.

(2002). Measurement and the practising ergonomist. Ergonomics: Vol. 45, No. 14, pp. 988-990.
Natural selection of tumor variants in the generation of “tumor escape” phenotypes

The idea that tumors must “escape” from immune recognition contains the implicit assumption that tumors can be destroyed by immune responses either spontaneously or as the result of immunotherapeutic intervention. Simply put, there is no need for tumor escape without immunological pressure. Here, we review evidence supporting the immune escape hypothesis and critically explore the mechanisms that may allow such escape to occur. We discuss the idea that the central engine for generating immunoresistant tumor cell variants is the genomic instability and dysregulation that is characteristic of the transformed genome. “Natural selection” of heterogeneous tumor cells results in the survival and proliferation of variants that happen to possess genetic and epigenetic traits that facilitate their growth and immune evasion. Tumor escape variants are likely to emerge after treatment with increasingly effective immunotherapies.
A hypertext-based thesaurus as a subject browsing aid for bibliographic databases

Abstract Browsing is a very common information-seeking strategy, particularly for retrieval of bibliographic information. Conventional information retrieval systems, however, provide little support for this activity. In hypertext systems browsing is the major, and often the only, way of retrieving information. Unfortunately, hypertext users often become disoriented even when browsing a small information space. If hypertext is to be used to support browsing in bibliographic databases, some form of navigational assistance will be required. This article examines the role of thesauri as navigational aids for the subject domain of a bibliographic database. The design of an experimental hypertext-based browsing interface for a thesaurus is presented and its implementation using a commercially available hypertext program described. As the ultimate goal of the thesaurus browsing interface is to facilitate subject access to bibliographic databases, strategies for linking the thesaurus to a database are examined.
The real informatics challenges of personalized medicine: not just about the number of central processing units

Personalized medicine has the potential to revolutionize patient care. In order to do so, it requires a re-engineering of many life sciences and healthcare processes, the most significant being the integration of the complete biomarker lifecycle from discovery to targeted treatment of patients. Individual patient omic profiles have become a reality owing to the diminishing cost of DNA sequencing. However, managing these data has created a bottleneck due to: the limitations in storage, computing power and information access; the lack of biologist-friendly software to replace the user-unfriendly custom scripts, which are crippling collaboration; the urgency for standardizing data across omics and clinical data realms for cross-study comparisons; undermining innovations of enterprise and open-source software, which saps innovations of open-source and reliability and support of enterprise software; and unavailability of a robust, integrative workflow system, which leads to actionable data at the patient care ...
Impact of High-Dielectric-Loss Materials on the Microwave Field in EPR Experiments

Abstract A dielectric material distorts the microwave field inside an EPR resonator, which results in distortion of the EPR signal from spins inside the material. In this paper, the effects of a spherical bulb filled with a dielectric liquid such as water or a water–ethanol mixture were examined. EPR spectra were recorded for small samples inside and outside of the sphere. The studies include CW and ESE experiments at two microwave frequencies, X band (9.2 GHz) and L band (1.03 GHz). The double integral (area) of an EPR signal depends on[formula]at the position of the sample, causing a large difference in EPR signal intensities between samples in regions of different dielectrics. The phase of the EPR signal also is affected by the presence of the dielectric. These results were compared with three methods of calculating electromagnetic fields (quasi-static method, plane-wave-superposition method, and numerical analysis). Good agreement was found between experimental and calculated results.
Intraarterial calcium stimulation test for detection of insulinomas

Occult insulinomas are adenomas not visualized by routine preoperative imaging studies, including ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arteriography. Reliance for detecting occult insulinomas has been placed on portal venous sampling (PVS), a sensitive (> 75%) but invasive procedure that requires considerable experience to enable sampling of small veins about the pancreatic head. For the past 2 years we have attempted to localize insulinomas by stimulating the release of insulin with a selective intraarterial injection of calcium gluconate and sampling for insulin gradients in the hepatic veins. This study replaces PVS by indicating the region of the pancreas within which the tumor lies, although, like PVS, it does not directly visualize the tumor. Our experience in 9 patients with surgically proved insulinomas is reviewed, comparing the results with PVS as well as with US, CT, MRI, and arteriography.