cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The "sins" of the fathers: self-healing squamous epithelioma in Scotland.

Antecedents: Revue des progres recents de la cartographie (mapping) de la dermatose hereditaire qu'est le keratoacanthome multiple autoresolutif (epithelioma de Ferguson-Smith). Methodes: Etude du recours aux effets fondateurs dans le mapping genetique d'une affection autosomique dominante. Resultats: Un haplotype commun parmi les familles ecossaises touchees par le keratoacanthome Ferguson-Smith a permis de restreindre l'intervalle de genes candidats et d'identifier plusieurs genes pouvant etre associes a cette maladie. Conclusion : Le gene du keratoacanthome multiple type Ferguson-Smith se trouve dans une zone etroite du chromosome 9q, avec plusieurs autres loci associes a d'importantes dermatoses hereditaires.
Inherited Complement Deficiencies

The complement system is comprised of both soluble proteins and membrane bound regulators. Defects in these proteins can cause significant human disease. The major phenotypes seen in complement deficiency are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infection, hemolytic uremic syndrome and angioedema. Each specific defect is associated with its own phenotype profile and the diagnosis and treatment are similarly specific for each type of defect. The diagnosis and management must be individualized according to the clinical picture and in many cases genetic testing is required for a clear diagnosis. The deficiencies described in this chapter are attributable to the biologic functions of each component. Deficiencies of the classical pathway components are associated with infection and SLE because these components function to clear apoptotic cells and to cleave C3, a major opsonin. Deficiencies of the terminal components are associated with susceptibility to neisserial infections. These components collectively are responsible for bacteriolysis. Defects in the regulatory components are associated either with infection if they lead to a secondary deficiency of C3 or atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Activation of complement on the glomerular endothelium drives this disease process. Treatment, like the diagnostic strategy must be individualized to each patient depending on their disease manifestations.
Management of benign and malignant lesions of the trachea and bronchi with the neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser

Fifty patients with lesions of the trachea or bronchi have been treated with the neodymiumyttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Forty-three patients had advanced carcinoma of the lung with pulmonary infection or abscess distal to an obstructing bronchial lesion or else had hemoptysis. Benign lesions were seen in seven patients. A total of 72 laser treatments were administered for obstruction and/or hemoptysis. There was no significant morbidity and only one hospital death occurred, which was unrelated to the laser therapy. Among the 43 patients with malignant disease, obstructive complications and hemoptysis were controlled in 39. All those with benign lesions have been significantly improved. Presently 22 patients with malignant disease remain alive and are symptomatically improved. The longest survival after successful laser treatment has been 73 weeks, and 34 survived longer than eight weeks. This laser is a very effective means of managing patients with benign lesions and offers significant palliation for patients with hemoptysis and advanced obstructing carcinoma of the trachea or main-stem bronchus.
The dorsolateral striatum selectively mediates extinction of habit memory

Previous research has indicated a role for the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) in acquisition and retrieval of habit memory. However, the neurobiological mechanisms guiding extinction of habit memory have not been extensively investigated. The present study examined whether the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is involved in extinction of habit memory in a food-rewarded response learning version of the plus-maze in adult male Long-Evans rats (experiment 1). In addition, to determine whether the role of this brain region in extinction is selective to habit memory, we also examined whether the DLS is required for extinction of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory in a place learning version of the plus-maze (experiment 2). Following acquisition in either task, rats received two days of extinction training, in which the food reward was removed from the maze. The number of perseverative trials (a trial in which the rat made the same previously reinforced body-turn) and latency to reach the previously correct food well were used as measures of extinction. Animals were given immediate post-training intra-DLS administration of the sodium channel blocker bupivacaine or vehicle to determine the effect of DLS inactivation on consolidation of extinction memory in each task. In the response learning task, post-training DLS inactivation impaired consolidation of extinction memory. Injections of bupivacaine delayed 2 h post-training did not affect extinction, indicating a time-dependent effect of neural inactivation on consolidation of extinction memory in this task. In contrast, post-training DLS inactivation did not impair, but instead slightly enhanced, extinction memory in the place learning task. The present findings indicate a critical role for the DLS in extinction of habit memory in the response learning task, and may be relevant to understanding the neural mechanisms through which maladaptive habits in human psychopathologies (e.g. drug addiction) may be suppressed.
Developing Discourse of Renewal during a Campus Crisis.

Course: This assignment is a unit activity designed for use in a skills-focused undergraduate public relations, organizational communication, or crisis communication course.Objective: The goal of this activity is to increase students’ understanding of and ability to apply discourse of renewal in a crisis scenario. Students will work collaboratively to craft responses that affirm an organization’s core values in light of a tragic event.
Rapid In Vivo Mapping of Hematopoietic Cis-Regulatory Elements.

Abstract Cis-acting sequences play defining roles in the control of genes involved in hematopoiesis. However, for the vast majority of such genes, regulatory sequences remain to be defined. We describe a powerful, generic approach to identification of cis-regulatory sequences that may be applied to any gene locus in the context of any cell type. We used densely tiled primers and a novel real-time PCR-based assay to create continuous, high-resolution quantitative profiles of in vivo chromatin structure across entire gene domains. Such profiles can be analyzed using robust statistical algorithms to pinpoint disruptions in chromatin structure that are characteristic of cis-regulatory elements. We analyzed >1Mb of human genomic terrain from diverse gene loci in the context of several hematopoietic cell lines and cleanly delineated a spectrum of classical cis-regulatory activities including enhancers, promoters, insulators, and locus control regions. The approach displayed outstanding sensitivity (100%) and specificity (>99.6%) for known elements and was successful in defining novel elements even in heavily-explored terrain such as the alpha- and beta-globin loci. Since only small quantities of cells are required, the approach can be used readily in the context of hematopoietic progenitors. Systematic application of quantitative chromatin profiling to relevant genes promises to expand dramatically our understanding of the regulation of hematopoiesis.
Virginia tech's study hall: A virtual method of loci mnemotechnic study using a neurologically-based, mechanism-driven, approach to immersive learning research

The design of Virginia Tech's (VT) Study Hall emerges from the current cognitive neuroscience understanding of memory as a spatially mediated encoding process. The driving questions are: Does the sense of spatial navigation generated by an immersive virtual experience aid in memory formation? Does virtual spatial navigation, when paired with learning cues, enhance information encoding relative to nonspatial and nonvirtual processes? A pilot study was executed comparing recall on non-navigational memorization processes to processes involving mental and virtual navigation and we are currently running a full study to see if we can replicate these effects with a more demanding memory task and refined study design.
Osteoarthritis: You can rely on radiography when managing OA, but not too much!

When considering the role of imaging in the management of symptomatic, peripheral joint osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical practice, clinicians should be aware that radiography has its drawbacks, and also consider that the use of advanced imaging techniques such as MRI should not be discouraged.
Chapter 3 Altruistic Behavior and Altruistic Motivations

Abstract Altruism can be understood in a behavioral or in a psychological sense. Motivationally, altruism is the desire to enhance the welfare of others at a net welfare loss to oneself. Behaviorally, altruism is any act that could have resulted from altruistic motivations. The economic literature shows many examples of how altruistic behavior can be generated from self-interested motivations, in iterated games or in reputation-building. The chapter provides further categories and examples, notably from political behavior. Two main examples are taken from the debates at the Federal Convention in 1787 and the elections to the Estates-General in France in 1789. In addition, it is argued that altruistic acts may be caused by the emotions of the agents, notably pride and shame. A distinction is drawn between acts whose performance is conditional on seeing what other agents are doing, corresponding to quasi-moral norms of fairness or reciprocity, and acts whose performance is conditional on being observed by other agents, corresponding to social norms. The operation of quasi-moral norms is observed in experiments where subjects engage in one-shot anonymous interactions. Many subjects not only display cooperative and generous behavior, but are willing to spend resources on punishing those who do not. Since A's punishment of B may induce B to behave cooperatively with C in later interactions, it can be seen as an altruistic act. Experiments by Ernst Fehr and co-workers suggest that the motivation for such altruistic punishment may be non-altruistic, being related instead to a “warm glow” effect. Whether this conclusion is valid for more general forms of reciprocity, such as the tendency for A to punish B when he observes B harming C, remains to be seen. Throughout the chapter there is an attempt to trace the origin of these ideas back to writers such as Montaigne, Descartes, Pascal, Hume and Kant.
It Wasn’t Me!

Ring signatures, introduced by [RST01], are a variant of digital signatures which certify that one among a particular set of parties has endorsed a message while hiding which party in the set was the signer. Ring signatures are designed to allow anyone to attach anyone else’s name to a signature, as long as the signer’s own name is also attached. But what guarantee do ring signatures provide if a purported signatory wishes to denounce a signed message—or alternatively, if a signatory wishes to later come forward and claim ownership of a signature? Prior security definitions for ring signatures do not give a conclusive answer to this question: under most existing definitions, the guarantees could go either way. That is, it is consistent with some standard definitions that a non-signer might be able to repudiate a signature that he did not produce, or that this might be impossible. Similarly, a signer might be able to later convincingly claim that a signature he produced is indeed his own, or not. Any of these guarantees might be desirable. For instance, a whistleblower might have reason to want to later claim an anonymously released signature, or a person falsely implicated in a crime associated with a ring signature might wish to denounce the signature that is framing them and damaging their reputation. In other circumstances, it might be desirable that even under duress, a member of a ring cannot produce proof that he did or did not sign a particular signature. In any case, a guarantee one way or the other seems highly desirable.
Silencing Social Media on Suicidal Matters at a School Setting

Cyberbullying has become a real and occasionally lethal threat among adolescents during the past years. The act of cyberbullying is often untraceable, leaving victims tormented and routinely harass...
Is that English You're Speaking? Some Arguments for the Primacy of Intent in Interpretation

"Textualism" is a very general and abstract term that represents a variety of views about the interpretation of legal texts. One strand of textualism is conceptual and descriptive; this strand makes claims about what texts actually mean. Another strand of textualism is normative; this strand makes claims about how judges ought to proceed when they interpret particular kinds of legal texts, such as constitutions and statutes. In the first part of this paper, we are particularly concerned with an especially strong form of conceptual textualism - the position that texts can be interpreted without any reference, express or implied, to the meaning intended by the author of the text. The defining feature of this form of textualism is the insistence that intentions play no role in the production of meaning, and so we call this view "intention free textualism," or "I-F-textualism." We do not know if anyone actually is an I-F-textualist so defined, although sometimes loose remarks by some self-identifying as textualists suggest that they hold this position. In any event, whether or not there is anyone who actually is a textualist of this stripe, it will be useful to drive a stake through the heart of such a position. Doing so will make it clear that what is at stake in the so-called dispute between textualists and intentionalists is not the conceptual point about what interpretation is and what determines texts' meanings. Rather, it is the normative point about what evidence of authorial intent authoritative interpreters of legal texts should or should not consider, or whether interpreters should look to the intentions of actual authors or hypothetical ones. Part One, therefore, will establish that textualism of the I-F type is a conceptual impossibility. Regardless of what position people claim to hold, no one can be such a textualist. Part One will establish that texts mean what their authors mean by them. Indeed, texts can only be identified as texts by reference to authorial intent. All of this is consistent, of course, with the possibility that one author might appropriate the marks made by another author and intend a meaning by them that is different from the meaning intended by their creator. It is also consistent with a reader's imagining what a text would mean had it been authored by someone other than its actual author. Leaving these possibilities aside, however, the point Part One establishes is that texts mean what their authors intend them to mean. In Part Two we deal with how the actual meaning of a legal text - what its author(s) intended it to mean - might differ from the authoritative meaning that an authoritative interpreter gives it. Essentially, such a divergence can be produced whenever the authoritative interpreter is debarred from considering certain types of evidence of authorial intent. The divergence occurs when the excluded evidence, had it been considered, would show the authorial intent to be different from what it appears to be given the restricted set of evidence.
Evolutionary connection of Seyfert galaxies and quasars.

Various recent data are summarized to yield a local luminosity function for Seyfert 1 galaxies. This luminosity function is evolved in different ways to find fits to other observations of faint, high redshift quasars. It is found that a simple form of pure luminosity evolution, exponential in look-back time, is consistent with all existing data. Extrapolations to redshift 4 and magnitude 26 are given for future tests. It is pointed out that such tests from ground or space must continue to rely on the unresolved quasar. An angular diameter-redshift diagram implies that there is no realistic possibility of detecting galactic envelopes of quasars at high redshift.
Parsing directly into knowledge structures

A new type of natural language parser is presented. The idea behind this parser is to map input sentences into the deepest form of the representation of their meaning and make appropriate inferences during the parsing process, using interest to guide the processing.
Simulation and visualization of resource allocation, control, and load balancing procedures for a multiprocessor architecture

A single-chip, hybrid, heterogeneous, and dynamic (reconfigurable) shared memory multiprocessor architecture is being developed. The architecture executes real or non-real-time applications described by dataflow (process flow) graphs of any topology. It can dynamically reallocate computational resources and reconfigure its structure at the node and processor architecture levels to maximize performance and to increase reliability and fault tolerance. The architecture is a Hybrid Data/Command Driven Architecture (HDCA). It operates as a dataflow architecture at the process level. The contribution of this manuscript is its focus on the development, testing and evaluation of a new simulation and visualization graphic software (hdca). The software first performs application mapping and static resource allocation for a HDCA in a manner to meet application timing requirements. Next, hdca simulates the architecture executing the application using statically assigned resources and parameters. While simulating the architecture, the software graphically and dynamically visually displays functionality, parameters and mechanisms within the architecture important to the architectures operation, control and performance. For the HDCA, the new graphical software allows visual evaluation of the effectiveness of utilized static and dynamic resource allocation, control and load balancing strategies, policies, procedures and algorithms. The hdca software can also collect and store specified HDCA operational and performance data for post simulation analysis and evaluation.
DD75: Dr. med. Simpel ohne jede Praxis (Oktober 2008)

In den USA gibt es schon die Minuteclinic. Wir gehen demnachst zum Doktor im Tengelmann. Der hat im Wesentlichen nur den Rezeptblock dabei und nimmt Bargeld. „You’re sick. We’re quick.“ Es gibt gerade ein Sonderangebot – Zeckenbilligimpfung. Es sticht mich, das fur diesen Preis machen zu lassen.
The Public Policy/Social Engineering Approach to Pricing

The five preceding chapters are normative, addressing pricing in an orderly fashion. Chap. 7 departs from this course, covering a diverse array of subjects alike only in that they result from public policies or social engineering or both. Six different subjects are explored: California’s lifeline/baseline rate, designed to provide cheaper energy for the minimum essential amount of energy used; price consciousness, with the public wanting detail about the functions financed by their energy payments; timed pricing, with prices varying with the time of use in accord with the changing costs of the service provider; the color GREEN, with pricing adjusted for conservation measures, on the one hand, and non-conventional methods of energy production, on the other hand; a venture by an important regulatory commission into marginal cost as a basis for regulation; and, finally, how wind power is accommodated by a large-integrated electric grid.
Increasing the Efficiency of Security Analysts

Security monitoring and analytics are widely deployed technologies supporting enterprises to cope with the multitude of security challenges they are facing. The proliferation of methods and techniques demands a systematic approach to cover the various aspects of security monitoring and analytics. Security 360° is both a comprehensive operational security model integrating the many aspects of security monitoring and analytics as well as a vision for bringing security to the next level of quality. It represents a contextual, cognitive, and adaptive approach for protecting enterprises’ mission-critical assets. Security technology is steadily evolving by making use of advances in related fields. Cognitive systems possess the potential to further improve the detection capability of today’s security systems. Based on a specific realization of a cognitive security system, we demonstrate how cognitive technology eases the work of security analysts and increases their efficiency.
Optimal placement of radiation shields in the displacer of a Stirling engine

Abstract The implementation of radiation shields in the displacer assembly of a Stirling engine is an effective way to reduce heat transfer losses. A FEA approach with ANSYS Workbench was utilized to determine the steady-state temperature profile throughout a displacer assembly, as well as the heat transfer from the hot end to the cold end of the displacer to optimize the position of the radiation shields. The results show that the surface finish is a critical aspect of reducing radiation losses since the higher emissivity cases resulted in higher displacer body temperatures and total heat flux to displacer body compared to the lower emissivity cases with the same number of shields and positioning. Even a single shield is capable of significantly reducing the radiation losses present in the displacer. The results also suggest it is more effective to place the shields uniformly along the entire length of the displacer cap. The results also demonstrated that there exits an optimal number of radiation shields that has the lease heat losses.
Perfeccionamiento: capacitación, formación y actualización de los profesores de la educación superior.

The massive inflow of students to higher education and the need for universities to keep watch over the quality of training in a highly diverse system in terms of the establishments, the students and the academic contents, are particularly important with regard to teaching, especially the type of teaching that is linked to the teaching and learning of professional skills. For this same reason, higher education institutions must not only be concerned with achieving excellence through the academic degrees obtained by the academicians in their respective fields, but –above all– they must pay attention to the pedagogical training and skills upgrading of their teaching staff. The reason is that the new teaching methods require as much or even more training and laboriousness than those deemed sufficient up to now in the traditional teaching system.
The Lady’s Fan: Fashion Accessories and Modern Femininity in Republican China

Fans as bodily adornments and social signs underwent a noted transformation in the Early Republican period. The folding fan traditionally associated with male literati replaced the rounded fan as a feminine fashion accessory. Carrying a fan—whether the paper folding one or feather variety—conferred on a woman modernity as well as flirtatious allure, partly derived from Western adaptations of the “Oriental” fan as an alluring object for gendered intercourse. The dissemination of fan-holding women through print culture, especially in Shanghai, helped formulate the complex role of the educated Chinese female socialite, who was glamorous and visible in the public sphere, while still defined by her relationships with male kin. Rado eloquently argues for the powerful and complex implications of this seemingly minor accessory. The fan is discussed in its “socio-gender territories” where fashion was integral to the formation of modern society ladies as they became role models for middle- and upper-class women. This feminine type “defined the radical bifurcations between progressive ‘new women’ and decadent ‘modern girls.’”
Development of a Hybrid Simulated Patient Experience to Practice Care of the Dying Older Adult.

Introduction Care of the dying older adult includes critical skills that emerging physicians should master but are not consistently taught. Simulation has been shown to be an excellent tool for tea...
US trends in farm and off-farm rural employment

Agriculture is one of the most productive sectors in the US economy. The amount of labor used in farming has declined since the early years of farming. The long-term trend of less-farm labor and more of the other farm inputs has allowed farm operators and other family members to allocate more time to off-farm jobs. Most farmers receive income from off-farm work, but small-scale operations rely on off-farm income to sustain their operations. More than half of US farm operations are small-scale and have annual sales of less than $10,000.
Sparse Embedding for Interpretable Hospital Admission Prediction

This paper introduces a sparse embedding for electronic health record (EHR) data in order to predict hospital admission. We use a k-sparse autoencoder to embed the original registry data into a much lower dimension, with sparsity as a goal. Then, t-SNE is used to show the embedding of each patient’s data in a 2D plot. We then demonstrate the predictive accuracy in different existing machine learning algorithms. Our sparse embedding performs competitively against the original data and traditional embedding vectors with an AUROC of 0.878. In addition, we demonstrate the expressive power of our sparse embedding, i.e. interpretability. Sparse embedding can discover more phenotypes in t-SNE visualization than original data or traditional embedding. The discovered phenotypes can be regarded as different risk groups, through which we can study the driving risk factors for each patient phenotype.
A data management workflow of biodiversity data from the field to data users.

Premise Heterogeneity of biodiversity data from the collections, research, and management communities presents challenges for data findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability. Workflows designed with data collection, standards, dissemination, and reuse in mind will generate better information across geopolitical, administrative, and institutional boundaries. Here, we present our data workflow as a case study of how we collected, shared, and used data from multiple sources. Methods In 2012, we initiated the collection of biodiversity data relating to Michigan prairie fens, including data on plant communities and the federally endangered Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek). Results Over 23,000 occurrence records were compiled in a database following Darwin Core standards. The records were linked with media and biological, chemical, and geometric measurements. We published the data as Global Biodiversity Information Facility data sets and in Symbiota SEINet portals. Discussion We highlight data collection techniques that optimized transcription time, including the use of predetermined and controlled vocabulary, Darwin Core terms, and data dictionaries. The validity and longevity of our data were supported by voucher specimens, metadata with measurement records, and published manuscripts detailing methods and data sets. Key to our data dissemination was cooperation among partners and the utilization of dynamic tools. To increase data interoperability, we need flexible and customizable data collection templates, coding, and enhanced communication among communities using biodiversity data.
Predictors of User Engagement With Facebook Posts Generated by a National Sample of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Community Centers in the United States: Content Analysis.

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community centers remain important venues for reaching and providing crucial health and social services to LGBTQ individuals in the United States. These organizations commonly use Facebook to reach their target audiences, but little is known about factors associated with user engagement with their social media presence. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with engagement with Facebook content generated by LGBTQ community centers in the United States. Methods: Content generated by LGBTQ community centers in 2017 was downloaded using Facebook’s application programming interface. Posts were classified by their content and sentiment. Correlates of user engagement were identified using negative binomial regression. Results: A total of 32,014 posts from 175 community centers were collected. Posts with photos (incidence rate ratio, [IRR] 1.07; 95% CI 1.06-1.09) and videos (IRR 1.54; 95% CI 1.52-1.56) that contained a direct invitation for engagement (IRR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.04), that expressed a positive sentiment (IRR 1.11; 95% CI 1.10-1.12), and that contained content related to stigma (IRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.14-1.17), mental health (IRR 1.33; 95% CI 1.31-1.35), and politics (IRR 1.28; 95% CI 1.27-1.29) received higher levels of engagement. Conclusions: The results of this study provide support for the use of Facebook to extend the reach of LGBTQ community centers and highlight multiple factors that can be leveraged to optimize engagement.
Gerrymandered by Definition: The Distortion of 'Traditional' Districting Principles and a Proposal for an Empirical Redefinition

What are “traditional” districting criteria? The meaning of that term is critical to curbing abusive districting practices, because adherence to traditional criteria grants districting plans a prima facie impression of constitutionality and serves as a strong defense to racial gerrymandering claims. Yet, the Supreme Court has never intelligibly defined “traditional” districting criteria or its representative qualities. Exploiting this silence, conflicted interests are attempting to define that term in service of their private interests at the expense of the public’s. For example, legislatures pushing redistricting plans that would advantage certain parties or incumbents claim that those districting goals are “traditional”—and therefore must be judicially protected—by relying on anecdotal examples of a state having used them. This Article proposes a definition of “traditional” districting criteria that would both reduce such abuse and adhere to a commonly understood meaning of that word: widely accepted as standard practice. Under this alternative, which we call the empirical definition, a criterion is “traditional” only if a majority of states require or allow it and fewer than a quarter prohibit it in state constitutions, statutes, or legislative guidelines. According to the empirical definition and our database of the fifty states’ redistricting laws, compactness, contiguity, equal population, and preserving county and city boundaries are traditional criteria. Among others, partisan advantage, incumbent protection, and preserving communities of interest are nontraditional. The empirical definition would not only curb abusive districting, but also reduce the influence of undesirable judicial activism upon redistricting by binding judges’ discretion to an objectively discernible definition of “traditional” criteria. In addition to practical gains, the empirical definition is also validated by constitutional theory. Responding to concerns of judicial legislation, we argue that the empirical definition merely defines a central element of redistricting law, which the Supreme Court has failed to define, according to the public will and the Court’s requirement of traditionality. The empirical definition also advances a constitutional principle that courts purport, but often fail, to follow: redistricting must not unduly discriminate against any candidate. In the status quo, courts would uphold discriminatory criteria such as incumbent protection if they are applied consistently to all electoral districts in a state. Moreover, the courts’ “consistent application” approach would contradict their own precedents by incorrectly deeming certain criteria to be nontraditional, such as the contiguity principle. The empirical definition would neither commit such self-contradiction nor condone abusive redistricting on condition that everyone suffer from it.
Predictors of Short-Term Follow-Up in an Adolescent Obesity Clinic

Purpose: Lifestyle, dietary, and physical activity changes are the first-line treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. A multidisciplinary clinic is considered the gold-standard to guide families to institute these changes. However, many obesity clinics have poor retention rates, which decreases the efficacy of these interventions. Previous studies have demonstrated that increased visits in a pediatric multidisciplinary clinic is predictive of more substantial weight loss. Examining demographic and behavioral factors which are predictive of follow-up is necessary to improve retention rates and …
Training Effective Neural CLIR by Bridging the Translation Gap

We introduce Smart Shuffling, a cross-lingual embedding (CLE) method that draws from statistical word alignment approaches to leverage dictionaries, producing dense representations that are significantly more effective for cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) than prior CLE methods. This work is motivated by the observation that although neural approaches are successful for monolingual IR, they are less effective in the cross-lingual setting. We hypothesize that neural CLIR fails because typical cross-lingual embeddings "translate" query terms into related terms -- i.e., terms that appear in a similar context -- in addition to or sometimes rather than synonyms in the target language. Adding related terms to a query (i.e., query expansion) can be valuable for retrieval, but must be mitigated by also focusing on the starting query. We find that prior neural CLIR models are unable to bridge the translation gap, apparently producing queries that drift from the intent of the source query. We conduct extrinsic evaluations of a range of CLE methods using CLIR performance, compare them to neural and statistical machine translation systems trained on the same translation data, and show a significant gap in effectiveness. Our experiments on standard CLIR collections across four languages indicate that Smart Shuffling fills the translation gap and provides significantly improved semantic matching quality. Having such a representation allows us to exploit deep neural (re-)ranking methods for the CLIR task, leading to substantial improvement with up to 21% gain in MAP, approaching human translation performance. Evaluations on bilingual lexicon induction show a comparable improvement.
The Psychological Impact and Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Chronic pain is associated with distress and adverse psychological outcomes in a bidirectional manner. The stress–diathesis and biopsychosocial models help inform the interplay of medical conditions, psychological inputs, and social factors in the presentation and experience of pain. There is limited evidence examining psychological experiences and quality of life for patients with trigeminal neuralgia. A few studies have shown that the condition is associated with an increased risk for depressive, anxiety, and insomnia disorders. In a retrospective study, trigeminal neuralgia was found to account for 25% of suicide attempts. The side effects of medications for trigeminal neuralgia are potential contributors to psychological distress and social and occupational functioning. There are a limited amount of randomized controlled trials evaluating cognitive-behavioral therapies in neuropathic pain and no studies thus far for trigeminal neuralgia. However, general pain studies provide evidence to support their use.
3055 – MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM LINKS HSC DIVISIONAL HISTORY AND CELL FATE

Hematopoietic stem cells are endowed with high regenerative potential but their actual self-renewal capacity is limited. Studies using the H2B-retention labeling system show HSC functional decline at each round of division (Qiu, Stem Cell Reports 2014). We showed mitochondria drive HSC functional decline with division history after transplantation (Cell Stem Cell 2020). Here we examined the link between mitochondrial metabolism, in vivo division at steady state and HSC functions using the GFP label-Histone 2B (GFP-H2B) mouse model driven by doxycycline-inducible promoter. Five months after doxycycline removal, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined using TMRE in HSCs with different GFP intensity. HSC were subdivided into GFP high, medium and low. Interestingly, MMP increased in a stepwise fashion with GFP dilution in HSC. We noted the presence of 2 TMRE peaks within each GFP high and medium population leading to 5 populations: GFP-high;MMP-low (G1), GFP-high;MMP-high (G2), GFP-medium;MMP-low (G3), GFP-medium;MMP-high (G4), GFP-low;MMP-high (G5) and transplanted with competitors. G1 and G2 maintained higher peripheral blood chimerism up to 24 weeks post-transplant than G3 and G4. G5 did not engraft at all. However, only G1 reconstituted high frequency of HSC in primary recipients. In secondary recipients, G1, G2, G3 but not G4 gave rise to positive engraftment. Interestingly, G1 and G2 grafts were myeloid/lymphoid balanced engraftment whereas G3 graft was myeloid-bias graft. Further, HSC from G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups carry mitochondria that were morphologically different, exhibited distinct metabolomic profiles, proliferated and differentiated into mature lineages at different rate in vitro. These findings suggest that HSC transition into distinct metabolic and functional state with division history that may contribute to HSC cellular memory.
In the Arms of Morpheus without Morphia; Mitigating the United States Opioid Epidemic by Decreasing the Surgical Use of Opioids.

The opioid epidemic is a major public health issue in the United States. Exposure of opioid naive-patients to opioids in the perioperative period is a well-documented source of continued use with one in 20 opioid-naive surgical patients continuing to use opioids beyond 90 days. There is no association with magnitude of surgery, major versus minor, and the strongest predictor of continued use is surgical exposure. Causal factors include over reliance on opioids for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia and excessive ambulatory opioid prescribing. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia can paradoxically result from intraoperative (anesthesia controlled) opioid administration. Increasing size of initial prescription is a strong predictor of continued use necessitating procedure specific supplies limited to under 3-days. Alternative multimodal pain management (non-opioid medications and regional anesthesia) that limit opioid use must be a high priority with opioids reserved for severe breakthrough pain. Barriers to implementation of opioid-sparing pathways include reluctance to adopt protocols and apprehension about opioid elimination. Considering the number of surgeries performed annually in the United States, perioperative physicians must aggressively address modifiable factors in surgical patients. Patient care pathways need to be constructed collaboratively by surgeons and anesthesiologists with continuing feedback to optimize patient outcomes including iatrogenic opioid dependence.
Rheumatology Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

The spread of COVID-19 in the United States has led to the use of virtual visits in lieu of in-person care for the high-risk population of patients in rheumatology. We asked patients to score their satisfaction with these visits and if they would have preferred in-person care instead. Of 679 patients seen in May 2020, 512 (75.4%) were virtual (267 [52.1%] by telephone and 245 [47.9%] by video), and 359 (70%) responded to the survey. The majority of patients (74%) were satisfied with their virtual visit, but they were more likely to be satisfied if their visit was over video rather than phone. They preferred an in-person visit if they were meeting a doctor for the first time, and patients who required a language interpreter were significantly less satisfied with virtual care. There was no correlation of age, sex, diagnosis, or testing ordered with satisfaction. The main concern against virtual care was the inability to have a physical exam, while the main reasons in favor of it were avoidance of potential infection and convenience.
An Overview of Community Cultural Wealth: Toward a Protective Factor Against Racism:

Community cultural wealth (CCW) as an asset-based framework challenges the deficit notion that Communities of Color do not possess “cultural” capital. Here, we adapt CCW as a framework that can hel...
Dual Fertilization, Intragenomic Conflict, Genome Downsizing, and Angiosperm Dominance.

New work suggests ‘subgenome dominance' in polyploids may only occur in angiosperms. Subgenome dominance could explain angiosperm-specific genome reduction, with potential implications for angiosperms' global dominance. I suggest that evolution of the endosperm could have selected for the evolution of subgenome dominance, due to increased hybrid/polyploid incompatibilities and/or through direct reciprocal suppression of maternally- and paternally-inherited genomes.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and neurodevelopment

Abstract Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Cerebral injury due to DKA is the major cause of mortality and morbidity and cerebral edema accounts for 60%–90% of all deaths associated with DKA in children. Several studies on DKA and neurocognitive function have found deficits in memory, attention, and/or full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) in children with T1DM who present with DKA. Studies on DKA and brain structure have found changes in total and specific white matter and gray matter volumes, initial decreases in a metabolic marker of neuronal density, and both increases and decreases in mean diffusivity after DKA, which can be associated with subtle cellular injury or acute/subacute brain injury respectively. More studies devoted specifically to DKA and its effect on brain structure and neurocognitive deficits are required to fully understand the effect of DKA and its natural history in neurodevelopment.
Finding the sweet spot: Learners’ productive knowledge of mid-frequency lexical items:

Research into vocabulary knowledge often differentiates between breadth (how many words a person knows) and depth (how well the words are known). Both theoretical categories are essential for under...
Transient ocean oxygenation at end-Permian mass extinction onset shown by thallium isotopes

The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) represents the largest biocrisis in Earth’s history, a result of environmental perturbations following volatiles released during Siberian Traps magmatism. A leading hypothesis links the marine mass extinction to the expansion of oceanic anoxia, although uncertainties exist as to the timing and extent. Thallium isotopes, a novel palaeoredox proxy with a rapid global response due to its short residence time in seawater, track global rates of manganese oxide burial, one of the first redox half-reactions to occur under reduced oxygen conditions. For this study, we analysed thallium isotopes from three widely distributed sites in Panthalassa, the largest ocean basin at the time. Our results provide evidence for the onset of deoxygenation considerably before the EPME, earlier by ≥1 Myr than the onset implied by other proxy records. Notably, there is a transient negative thallium isotope excursion concurrent with the EPME, which requires substantial manganese oxide burial based on the thallium isotope mass balance. This feature suggests a brief oxygenation episode before a return to more anoxic conditions, implying a more complex redox scenario, with rapid changes in oceanic (de)oxygenation leading to spatially and temporally variable biotic stresses. This oxygenation event may have been related to a transient cooling episode, based on published oxygen isotope records. These findings show that the Earth system experienced a highly fluctuating response to forcings linked to volcanogenic volatiles during the EPME. Marine oxygenation declined well before the end-Permian mass extinction, the start of which was marked by a brief return to more oxygenated conditions, according to the analysis of thallium isotopes from sites spread across the Panthalassa ocean basin.
Mexican immigrant health advantage in metabolic syndrome? Examining the contributions of demographic, socioeconomic, and health behavior characteristics.

Abstract Although Mexican immigrants to the United States (US) have historically held health and mortality advantages over US-born groups, evolving population dynamics in Mexico paired with shifts in Mexico-US immigration patterns and policy regimes have raised new concerns about the metabolic health of recent cohorts of Mexican immigrants. Using a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20-years and older (n = 10,833) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES, 1999–2016), we assess and seek to explain differences in metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk by race-ethnicity, country of origin, and duration of residence in the US and evaluate whether recent Mexican immigrants continue to exhibit a metabolic health advantage. We decompose the difference in MetS prevalence between US-born whites (45.5%) and recent Mexican immigrants (29.5%) to determine how demographic, socioeconomic, and health behavior characteristics contribute to the patterning of metabolic health. Findings reveal that recent Mexican immigrants hold a metabolic health advantage over all groups, which is accounted for by their younger age structure. Yet recent Mexican immigrants would retain a sizable age-adjusted MetS advantage if they were to achieve parity with US-born whites on education, income, and food security. To ensure that newly-arrived Mexican immigrants continue to experience historically favorable health and mortality prospects, modest policy changes could offer health-promoting protections in the form of increased economic and food security, as well as improved educational opportunities for younger immigrants.
Analysis of Image-Based and Text-Based Medical Gross Anatomy Exam Questions Administered Using Examsoft

The purpose of this study is to describe the effectiveness of image based exam questions administered using ExamSoft in a medical gross anatomy course. ExamSoft questions were analyzed to determine...
Early Childhoodâ€™s Antibiotic Use and Risk of Allergic Diseases

This review considers the knowledge on the colonization of the infantâ€™s gut with beneficial bacteria starting from early days of life. This colonization drives the developing, but immature, immune system of the infant though the local, intestinal, well-regulated, immune mechanisms, to tolerogenic immune response and â€œno-diseaseâ€ state. This response in characterized by TH1 predominance. Any a perturbation of this homeostasis by environmental factors such as antibiotics, â€œswings backâ€ the immune response towards TH2 response, increasing the propensity to develop allergic inflammation, and clinical allergic diseases. There is emerging evidence to support the role of intestinal microbiota in developing allergic disease. At clinic level, there is vivid research to determine role of antibiotics exposure in developing allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy. The results of studies appear as if they are inconsistent or even conflicting. However, this inconsistency seems to be related to some methodological factors in evaluating the host, exposure, outcome and confounders. Still, the three is clear evidence that antibiotic exposure during prenatal period, infancy, or early childhood is associated with high risk of allergic diseases and asthma during infancy, childhood or early adolescence.Â This risk is governed by individualâ€™s genetic background & place of residence, type and dose of antibiotics. It is quite important to remember, that antibiotics exposure or use is only one of the risk factors of increased risk of allergy among children and does not exclusively account for this rise.