cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transference numbers for anhydrous methanol solutions at 10 and 25°C

Transference numbers are reported for LiCl and NaCl in methanol at 25°C and for NaCl, KCl, and Bu4NBr in methanol at 10°C. The potentiometric moving-boundary method as developed by Kay and Fratiello was employed to give a precision of about 0.05% and an accuracy of at least 0.1% as indicated by two independent determinations of the conductances of the Cl− and Br− ions. The data are extrapolated by the Fuoss-Onsager theory, and the magnitude of the electrophoretic effect is calculated as described by Kay and Dye. The agreement with this theory is quite good at both temperatures, although the a value required in the case of Bu4NBr is considerably larger than that obtained from conductance data. This agreement contrasts with that obtained for ethanol and acetone solutions where the measured electrophoretic effect is considerably larger than the corresponding calculated values. The importance of this fact in the determination of ion-pair association constants is discussed.
Identification of 9 uterine genes that are regulated during mouse pregnancy and exhibit abnormal levels in the cyclooxygenase-1 knockout mouse.

Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of all infant mortality. In 2004, 12.5% of all births were preterm. In order to understand preterm labor, we must first understand normal labor. Since many of the myometrial changes that occur during pregnancy are similar in mice and humans and mouse gestation is short, we have studied the uterine genes that change in the mouse during pregnancy. Here, we used microarray analysis to identify uterine genes in the gravid mouse that are differentially regulated in the cyclooxygenase-1 knockout mouse model of delayed parturition.
Cerebellar plaques in familial Alzheimer's disease (Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker variant?)

A large kindred, with two brothers coming to autopsy, of a syndrome consisting of ataxia, dementia, and some Parkinsonian features is reported; inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant. Neuropathologically, there were plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex as well as some in the basal ganglia, particularly reminiscent of the plaques seen in Kuru; there was only minimal spinal cord disease (pyramidal tract field). The problems of classifying this condition — Alzheimer's disease with cerebellar involvement or other entities, such as the Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker condition (1936), especially now that transmission to animals in the latter has been reported — are discussed. Some relevant theoretical considerations derived from animal work, particulary in scrapie, are also reviewed.
Effective Bandwidths for LANDSAT-4 And LANDSAT-D' Multispectral Scanner And Thematic Mapper Subsystems

The spectral bands of the Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper subsystems of Landsat-4 and Landsat-D' have been analyzed using a bandwidth normalization technique based on analysis of the moments of the spectral responsitivy curves. The results include the effective wavelength, the bandpass, the wavelength limits, and the normalized responsivity for each spectral channel. In addition, temperature coefficients for TM PF Channel 6 have been derived. The moments normalization method employed yields sensor parameters whose derivation is independent of source characteristerics (i.e., incident solar spectral irradiance, atmospheric transmittance, or ground reflectance). The errors expected using these parameters are lower that those expected using other normalization methods.
VEGF receptor expression and signaling in human bladder tumors

Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) has been reported in a variety of tumor types. Here we find that 11 out of the 14 bladder tumor cell lines examined express one or more VEGF receptors. Analysis of the T24 bladder tumor cell line reveals a functional autocrine loop involving VEGF and the Flk-1 receptor. Blocking VEGF expression in T24 cells results in a decrease in DNA synthesis. The Flk-1 receptor in T24 cells is phosphorylated in response to VEGF-121 or VEGF-165, and an Flk-1 inhibitor blocks VEGF to ERK signaling. We report that VEGF stimulation of T24 cells results in activation of H- and N-Ras and this is dependent on cellular sphingosine kinase 1 (SPK1) activity. Previously, we found VEGF-induced activation of Ras appears to be independent of a Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Here we report that sphingosine can stimulate Ras-GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity in vitro, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) can block the stimulatory effects of sphingosine. We present a model where the balance between sphingosine and SPP regulates Ras-GAP activity such that stimulation of SPK1 favors downregulation of Ras-GAP and thereby the activation of Ras proteins. These data highlight a VEGF pathway that may be involved in the survival and proliferation of bladder tumor cells as well as other tumor cell types.
Perceived Teacher Autonomy and the Meaning of Organizational Control

This paper compares field data from three schools to generate explanations for teacher perceptions of their autonomy. These perceptions do not vary with control imposed on teachers in any regular way. Consideration of environmental pressure on the schools, however, reveals a pattern to the findings. Minimal environmental pressure allows the emergence of an all-pervading consensus that leads teachers to construe control as supportive of personal goals. Moderate pressure engenders teacher dependence on the principal to buffer them from uncertainty. The principal translates the dependence into control activities teachers perceive as constraints. High levels of pressure preoccupy the principal who, therefore, cannot coordinate the school effectively. This causes teachers, themselves, to feel ineffective and constrained.
Automated Perception of Safe Docking Locations with Alignment Information for Assistive Wheelchairs

There are basic manuvering tasks with a powered wheelchair, like docking under a table and passage through a doorway or narrow hallway, which can be difficult for users with severe motor impairments—not only because of limitations in their own motor control, but also because of limitations in the control interfaces available to them. Robot automation can help transfer some of this control burden from the user to the machine. This work presents an algorithm for the automated detection of safe docking locations at rectangular and circular docking structures (tables, desks) with proper alignment infor- mation using 3D point cloud data. The safe docking locations can then be provided as goals to an autonomous path planner, within the context of providing adaptive driving assistance for powered wheelchair users. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm with systematic testing on several docking structures, observed from varied viewpoints.
Monstrous Play in Negative Spaces: Illegible Bodies and the Cultural Construction of Biometric Technology

Biometric technology is often described as the ultimate form of transnational surveillance, producing a readable body through a process of measurement, enrollment, and identification/verification. The technology, however, cannot read all bodies equally. This article will engage with industry analyses, the historical category “monster,” and Foucaultian notions of normativity to argue that biometric technology's production of illegible bodies suggests the unfixable nature of bodies, and calls for the need to reconfigure discourses about biometric technology.
Mechanism of Adrenalin Pulmonary Edema and Its Prevention by Narcotics and Autonomic Blockers

The dynamics of pulmonary edema caused by adrenalin was studied by left and right heart catheterizations in rabbits. It was ascertained that the injection is followed by marked systolic hypertension, increase of the left ventricular dp/dt, and, at the same time, an elevation of left ventricular diastolic pressures to levels of 60-80 mm Hg. These changes are similar to those previously observed in the dog for other types of pulmonary edema. The actions of narcotics and autonomic blockers in preventing pulmonary edema were studied. The effect of morphine was moderate; that of chloralose, minimal; that of pentobarbital, again moderate. While phenoxybenzamine completely prevented pulmonary edema and insured total survival, trimethaphan insured total survival but did not prevent pulmonary edema. These results suggest that death can be caused by either pulmonary edema or other mechanisms.
The clinical features, risk factors and outcome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura occurring after bone marrow transplantation.

In this study, we retrospectively analysed the clinical features, risk factors and outcome of 22 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) occurring after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. All but two of these patients received stem cells from unrelated donors (UDs), two-thirds were female, three-quarters were adults and leukaemia was the major reason for transplant. The incidence of TTP was 20 out of 332 patients (6%) with UD transplants and two out of 104 recipients (2%) of matched sibling allografts (P = 0.16). In order to ascertain basic demographic risk factors for the development of TTP, we compared the 22 patients with 434 patients who did not develop TTP. Compared with patients who did not develop TTP, patients with TTP were nearly three times older (P 90% of patients were recipients of UD marrow, we then compared the 20 UD-bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients with 60 randomly selected UD-BMT patients who did not develop TTP. On univariate analysis, age and female gender were again significant risk factors, as was grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (P = 0.002), and there was a trend towards an association with chronic GvHD (P = 0.083). However, after logistic regression analysis, only age and sex remained significant (P < 0.001 and 0.009 respectively). We report an 86% mortality with only three survivors out of 22 patients, and one of these remains thrombocytopenic and red cell transfusion dependent, possibly in part because of graft hypoplasia. Six out of 17 patients responded to plasmapheresis, but the majority of them ultimately succumbed because of TTP, often in association with GvHD or fungal infection.
The Ironic Contradictions in the Discourse on Generation X or How `Slackers' are Saving Capitalism:

In the early 1990s, youth in the US were deemed a generation of `slackers'. Marketing and advertising agencies capitalized upon this mix of concern and blame concerning Generation X. This article explores the ways that these representations reflect changes within and anxieties about the future of the professional-managerial class. I suggest that these images have been also inadvertently shaping the subjectivities of the younger members of this generation. In so doing, they may be helping create the flexible worker that appears to be enabling the capitalist system to regulate itself during contemporary shifts to transnational capitalism.
Durkheim's Response to Spencer: An Essay Toward Historicism in the Historiography of Sociology*

Merton has made an important distinction between the “history” any “systematics” of sociological theory, and outlined the valuable functions of the former. Most histories of sociology, however, have been “presetist” or “Whiggish” in perspective; we propose an “historicist” alternative. Within this perspective, Durkheim's response to Spencer is analyzed in three areas: (1) the relation between “individual” and “society;” (2) evolution and social change; and (3) the scope and method of sociology. In these areas, Durkheim's critical style reveals a repetitive theme which is termed “inversion.” The essay concludes by re-affirming Merton's distinction and urging that the “historicist” perspective is the most valid and useful approach to the history of sociology.
Nifedipine: more than a calcium channel blocker.

Abstract 1. 1. Nifedipine exhibits a greater incidence of side effects than the other currently marketed calcium channel antagonists. In addition to those effects attributable to calcium channel blockade, nifedipine produces side effects similar to the effects of adenosine. 2. 2. It is probable that nifedipine exerts part of its physiological actions through potentiation of adenosine. 3. 3. Adenosine, an endogenous calcium channel blocker, modifies synaptic events throughout the nervous system and causes sedation, smooth and skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsion, hypotension and hypothermia, all reversible by caffeine or theophylline administration. 4. 4. Nifedipine inhibits adenosine uptake from, and release into, the extracellular space and binds at an adenosine receptor. 5. 5. Both nifedipine and adenosine interact with benzodiazepine binding sites. 6. 6. Interaction between nifedipine and adenosine should be kept in mind when treating patients with nifedipine.
Mean Square Stability Analysis of Hybrid Jump Linear Systems using a Markov Kernel Approach

Hybrid jump linear systems (HJLS's) were recently introduced to study the fundamental properties of supervisory control systems. In this paper, their mean square (MS) stability is analyzed through a modified lifting technique adapted from the literature on Markov jump linear systems. The original technique tests whether rho(A), the spectral radius of a second moment transition matrix A (which contains the transition probabilities of the Markov chain driving the jump linear system), is less than 1. Here, the test is adapted to yield two new sufficient MS stability conditions. The first condition applies to jump linear systems driven by general finite-state stochastic processes. It requires computing and testing the spectral radius of the matrix AMthetas tilde, which is not a second moment transition matrix, using estimated upper bounds of the transition probabilities associated with the processes driving the system. The second condition applies to a large subclass of HJLS's and makes use of the Markov kernel associated with HJLS's to test rho(AMz), a particular instance of rho(AMthetas tilde). These results are illustrated through the stability analysis of an AFTI-F16 aircraft deployed on a computer platform equipped with an advanced error recovery mechanism.
Expanding the Landscape of Social Justice: A Critical Ecological Analysis:

The social justice discourse in education has been critiqued by Bowers and others for its lack of attention to a broad range of related ecological issues. This article analyzes and critiques the current discourse of social justice in the field of educational leadership and offers an expanded concept of socioecological justice in schools. Arguing that pedagogy is a critical vehicle for addressing socioecological justice, the authors develop a model for a critical pedagogy of place and describe specific instructional methodologies associated with the model. The article concludes with suggestions for a critical leadership of place intended to enhance socioecological justice in schools.
Loss and bandgap analysis in air-core photonic bandgap fiber for nonsilica glasses

We calculate the minimum loss and maximum relative bandgap as a function of the air-filling factor in a photonic bandgap fiber for n=1.4 to 2.8. The maximum relative bandgap accurately indicates the lowest-loss air-filling factor.
Collisionless Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules by Multiphoton Infrared Absorption

During the past year numerous experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out on the prompt dissociation of several polyatomic molecules by intense CO2 laser pulses. The fact that this dissociation process is isotopically selective [1,2] undoubtedly provided the major impetus for this activity. In this presentation attention will not be focused on the important application of laser isotope separation, but on the physical processes by which a single molecule, without the benefit of collisions, may by exposure to an infrared laser pulse acquire sufficient energy for dissociation to occur.
The Perverse Effects of Sba Loans To Minority Wholesalers

This study investigates relationships between government programs to finance minority enterprise and the recent progress of Blacks in wholesaling. By emphasizing assistance to less viable Black entrepreneurs, government programs are simultaneously decreasing loan availability for viable, expanding firms in our innercity communities and increasing the overall incidence of default on loans to Black borrowers.
Deliberate interactions: characterizing technology use in Nairobi, Kenya

We present results from a qualitative study examining how professionals living and working in Nairobi, Kenya regularly use ICT in their everyday lives. There are two contributions of this work for the HCI community. First, we provide empirical evidence demonstrating constraints our participants encountered when using technology in an infrastructure-poor setting. These constraints are limited bandwidth, high costs, differing perceptions of responsiveness, and threats to physical and virtual security. Second, we use our findings to critically evaluate the "access, anytime and anywhere" construct shaping the design of future technologies. We present an alternative vision called deliberate interactions--a planned and purposeful interaction style that involves offline preparation and discuss ways ICT can support this online usage behavior.
Ecohydrologic role of solar radiation on landscape evolution

Solar radiation has a clear signature on the spatial organization of ecohydrologic fluxes, vegetation patterns and dynamics, and landscape morphology in semiarid ecosystems. Existing landscape evolution models (LEMs) do not explicitly consider spatially explicit solar radiation as model forcing. Here, we improve an existing LEM to represent coupled processes of energy, water, and sediment balance for semiarid fluvial catchments. To ground model predictions, a study site is selected in central New Mexico where hillslope aspect has a marked influence on vegetation patterns and landscape morphology. Model predictions are corroborated using limited field observations in central NM and other locations with similar conditions. We design a set of comparative LEM simulations to investigate the role of spatially explicit solar radiation on landscape ecohydro-geomorphic development under different uplift scenarios. Aspect-control and network-control are identified as the two main drivers of soil moisture and vegetation organization on the landscape. Landscape-scale and long-term implications of these short-term ecohdrologic patterns emerged in modeled landscapes. As north facing slopes (NFS) get steeper by continuing uplift they support erosion-resistant denser vegetation cover which leads to further slope steepening until erosion and uplift attains a dynamic equilibrium. Conversely, on south facing slopes (SFS), as slopes grow with uplift, increased solar radiation exposure with slope supports sparser biomass and shallower slopes. At the landscape scale, these differential erosion processes lead to asymmetric development of catchment forms, consistent with regional observations. Understanding of ecohydrogeomorphic evolution will improve to assess the impacts of past and future climates on landscape response and morphology.
Paraeducator Relationships with Parents of Students with Significant Disabilities

This study examined the relationships between parents of students with significant disabilities and paraeducators who supported the students in inclusive educational settings to gain an understanding from several perspectives on the role paraeducator—parent relationships played in education of students with significant support needs. The study included the perspectives of parents, paraeducators, and teachers of students with significant support needs. We conducted in-depth interviews with 17 participants; 16 of them represented three program sites for students with significant support needs in the same district, and 1 was the district coordinator of programs for students with significant support needs. Results revealed five types of relationships between parents and paraeducators: close and personal friendship, routine limited interactions, routine extended interactions, tense relationship, and minimal relationship. Results indicated that it is important for paraeducators and parents to communicate becaus...
Alcohol-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis is greater in ethanol fed female rat hepatocytes than males.

The impact of alcohol-induced suppression on hepatic gluconeogenesis (HGN) after chronic ethanol consumption between males and females is unknown. To determine the effects of chronic alcohol consumption (8 weeks) on HGN, the isolated hepatocyte technique was employed on 24 hr fasted male and female Wistar rats. Livers were initially perfused with collagenase and the hepatocytes were isolated. Aliquots of the cell suspension were placed in Krebs-Henseleit buffer and incubated for 30 minutes with lactate, [U- 14 C]lactate, and nine different concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). Dose-effect curves were generated for the determination of maximal and half-maximal alcoholinduced inhibition on HGN. There was no significant difference in HGN (lactate only and no EtOH) between males and females fed the control diet (88.5 ± 5.1 nmol/mg protein/30 min). Similarly, the HGN (lactate only and no EtOH) in males fed the ethanol diet (ME) were not significantly different (82.8 ± 3.5 nmol/mg protein/30 min) compared to controls. In contrast, the females chronically fed the ethanol diet (FE) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower HGN (67.8 ± 4.6 nmol/mg protein/30 min) compared to both ME and controls. With alcohol in the incubation medium the HGN significantly (P < 0.05) declined in all groups. While alcohol suppressed HGN to a larger (P < 0.05) extent in ME (45.8 ± 3.7 nmol/mg protein/ 30 min) compared to controls (64.0 ± 3.8 nmol/mg protein/30 min), the inhibition was even greater (P < 0.05) in FE (32.7 ± 3.2 nmol/mg protein/30 min). The more pronounced effect of chronic alcohol consumption on HGN in the presence of ethanol in female hepatocytes was supported by the concomitant decreases (P < 0.05) in 14 C-lactate incorporation into 14 C-glucose, lactate uptake, and 14 C-lactate uptake. The results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption elicits a greater reduction on HGN in the presence of ethanol in the hepatocytes of females compared to males.
The pharmacology and clinical use of caspofungin

Caspofungin was the first echinocandin to be licensed for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Caspofungin has in vitro and in vivo activity against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., which constitute the majority of medically important opportunistic fungal pathogens. Caspofungin inhibits the synthesis of the 1,3-beta-glucan, with resultant osmotic instability and lysis. The pharmacology of caspofungin is relatively complex. Trafficking of drug into tissues is an important determinant of the shape of the concentration-time relationship. Caspofungin has demonstrated efficacy in experimental models of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis, which reflect its activity in the treatment of oropharyngeal, esophageal and disseminated candidiasis, as well as salvage therapy for patients with invasive aspergillosis.
Role of C and P Sites on the Chemical Activity of Metal Carbides and Phosphides: From Clusters to Single-Crystal Surfaces

Transition metal carbides and phosphides have shown tremendous potential as highly active catalysts. At a microscopic level, it is not well understood how these new catalysts work. Their high activity is usually attributed to ligand or/and ensemble effects. Here, we review recent studies that examine the chemical activity of metal carbides and phosphides as a function of size, from clusters to extended surfaces, and metal/carbon or metal/phosphorous ratio. These studies reveal that the C and P sites in these compounds cannot be considered as simple spectators. They moderate the reactivity of the metal centers and provide bonding sites for adsorbates.
Patterns of molecular response to and relapse after combination of sorafenib, idarubicin, and cytarabine in patients with FLT3 mutant acute myeloid leukemia.

Background FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a class III receptor tyrosine kinase involved in hematopoietic progenitor cell development. Mutations of FLT3 have been reported in about a third of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and inhibitors of FLT3 are of clinical interest. Sorafenib is an orally active multikinase inhibitor with potent activity against FLT3 and the Raf/ERK/MEK kinase pathway.
A green wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring and risk identification

A sensor-based community network for environmental data gathering and predictive analysis has been developed. A mesh network of wireless sensors reports data to a central site for environmental monitoring and risk identification. Data analysis and visual presentation is provided in a geographical and temporal context. This network is considered green due to decreased energy usage by the overall network as well as its actual application, which permits environmental information to be contextually presented and communicated with concerned urban community as well as decision makers. Periodic data reporting from the sensor network, in contrast with the usual timestamp synchronisation, reduces the amount of communication required between network nodes, resulting in an overall energy saving, while not compromising the nature of the data gathered. The sensor network applications provide an outstanding representation of green networking as sparse but sufficient environmental monitoring, accompanied by real-time data analysis, and historical pattern identification permits risk identification in support of public safety and protection.
SURVIVAL AND BREEDING ADVANTAGES OF LARGER BLACK BRANT (BRANTA BERNICLA NIGRICANS) GOSLINGS: WITHIN- AND AMONG-COHORT VARIATION

Abstract We examined the relationship between mass late in the first summer and survival and return to the natal breeding colony for 12 cohorts (1986-1997) of female Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber methods and the program MARK to analyze capture-recapture data. Models included two kinds of residuals from regressions of mass on days after peak of hatch when goslings were measured; one based on the entire sample (12 cohorts) and the other based only on individuals in the same cohort. Some models contained date of peak of hatch (a group covariate related to lateness of nesting in that year) and mean cohort residual mass. Finally, models allowed survival to vary among cohorts. The best model of encounter probability included an effect of residual mass on encounter probability and allowed encounter probability to vary among age classes and across years. All competitive models contained an effect of one of the estimates of residual mass; relatively larger goslings survived t...
Considerations in the Treatment of Articulation Disorders

Currently there is no general consensus regarding the treatment of articulatory errors. Rather, a variety of technical procedures are available some of which are intuitively based, while others seem to rest on a firm theoretical foundation. The primary focus of this chapter is to explore treatment considerations. The discussion will be restricted to procedures of learning, omitting treatments specific to medically linked articulation errors. Additionally, the special role of auditory knowledge will be considered.
Enhanced Stability of the Fe(II)/Mn(II) State in a Synthetic Model of Heterobimetallic Cofactor Assembly.

Heterobimetallic Mn/Fe cofactors are found in the R2 subunit of class Ic ribonucleotide reductases (R2c) and R2-like ligand binding oxidases (R2lox). Selective cofactor assembly is due at least in part to the thermodynamics of MII binding to the apoprotein. We report here equilibrium studies of FeII/MnII discrimination in the biomimetic model system H5(F-HXTA) (5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-1,3-xylene-α,α′-diamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid). The homobimetallic F-HXTA complexes [Fe(H2O)6][1]2·14H2O and [Mn(H2O)6][2]2·14H2O (1 = [FeII2(F-HXTA)(H2O)4]−; 2 = [MnII2(F-HXTA)(H2O)4]−) were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. NMR data show that 1 retains its structure in solution (2 is NMR silent). Metal exchange is facile, and the heterobimetallic complex [FeIIMnII(F-HXTA)(H2O)4]− (3) is formed from mixtures of 1 and 2. 19F NMR was used to quantify 1 and 3 in the presence of excess MII(aq) at various metal ratios, and equilibrium constants for FeII/MnII discrimination were calculated from these data. FeII i...
Synaptic transmission in pair recordings from CA3 pyramidal cells in organotypic culture

Synaptic transmission in pair recordings from CA3 pyramidal cells in organotypic culture. We performed simultaneous whole cell recordings from pairs of monosynaptically coupled hippocampal CA3 pyra...
Disparities in Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment Among African Americans: Implications for the Correctional Systems

African Americans are more likely to show such disparities in mental health as misdiagnosis, lack of treatment access, and poorer outcomes. Due in part to stigma in African American communities, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and bipolar illness are often missed. Mental health disparities in diagnosis and treatment have contributed significantly to the overrepresentation of African Americans in correctional settings. The lack of mental health services in such settings has implications for the course of mental illness and overall recidivism. Screening for mental health illness, awareness of substance abuse, recognition of new treatment approaches, and an appreciation of the importance of culture and communications in a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment must be developed for African Americans within correctional populations.
Capsule Commentary on Scales et al., Unintentional Continuation of Medications Intended for Acute Illness After Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study

I n the present issue of JGIM, Scales et al. 1 use a cohort of more than one million Canadian patients>65 years of age to identify rates and predictors of unintentional continuation of medications initiated during an acute hospitalization. Although the rates of unintentional continuation are relatively small, when considering the number of patients hospitalized annually, they translate into large numbers of patients with ongoing inadvertent exposure, and even larger costs, with an estimated total 1-year cost of over $18 million. Transitions in care are widely recognized as high-risk times for medication discrepancies, and part of medication reconciliation as advocated by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement includes ensuring that medications that are not appropriate for the next care setting are discontinued. The lack of information regarding the use of medication reconciliation tools by hospitals in this study renders us unable to distinguish between absence or failure of medication reconciliation. Despite this limitation, this study draws attention to the fact that current practices are suboptimal, particularly with respect to ensuring that inappropriate medications are discontinued, and that this type of medication error should be a focus of future innovative approaches to medication reconciliation. Discontinuing medications that are no longer appropriate is a more complicated—and insufficiently addressed—issue than preventing omissions, as it requires understanding why the medication was started and what constitutes an appropriate indication for continuation. It is not surprising that longer hospitalizations are associated with unintentional continuation. There are multiple possible mechanisms involved, but one is that the indication for initial prescription is less likely to be known by the discharging provider the longer a patient is in the hospital. This finding suggests potential targets for improvement, such as requiring clinicians to document the reason for medication initiation in a way that is visible to the discharging provider, or enhanced pharmacist involvement for patients with long hospitalizations. Regardless of the approach, it is clear that standardized care processes, including enhanced clinical decision support, are necessary to ensure that we do not continue exposing our patients to unnecessary medications and harm after discharge.
Abstract WP55: A Comparison of Outcomes in Patients Selected for Endovascular Stroke Treatment with and without the Aid of CT Perfusion Imaging

Background: Selection of patients for endovascular stroke treatment has traditionally been based on time since symptom onset. CT perfusion (CTP) imaging has raised the possibility of patient selection on objective measures other than time from stroke onset. However, previous studies have failed to show significant outcome improvement in patients selected for endovascular stroke treatment based on CTP, but have been limited by small sample size, lack of outcomes past time of discharge, or lack of control group. Objective: To determine if endovascular stroke treatment selection with the aid of CTP is associated with improved clinical outcomes at 90 days as compared to patients undergoing endovascular stroke treatment without the aid of CTP. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of all patients who underwent endovascular stroke treatment at Penn State Hershey Medical Center between 1/1/2009 and 12/31/2011. Patients with posterior circulation strokes and those enrolled in other treatment trials were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had undergone a CTP study prior to endovascular stroke treatment or not. The variables measured included age, sex, and NIHSS on admission. Outcome data measured from the patients 90 day post stroke follow up appointments included an NIHSS improvement by 4 or more, a modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 2 or less, and mortality. Results: Of 41 patients included in the study, there was no significant difference in outcomes at 90 days as measured by an improvement of NIHSS of 4 or more (p=0.106) or modified Rankin score of 0-2 (p=0.475). Table 1 summarizes the results. Conclusion: Endovascular stroke treatment selection with the use of CTP was not associated with improved clinical outcomes at 90 days as measured by NIHSS improvement of 4 or more or a mRS of 0-2.
Comparison of Valid Ocean Observations Between MODIS Terra and Aqua Over the Global Oceans

Ocean color satellite missions to measure the biophysical and geochemical properties of the surface ocean need to consider not only the spectral and spatial requirements of the sensors but also the satellite overpass time to maximize valid observations. The valid observations are impacted not only by cloud cover but also by other perturbations such as sun glint and stray light. Using Level-3 global composites of three ocean products (chlorophyll a or Chl-a, normalized florescence line height or nFLH, and sea surface temperature or SST), the daily percentage valid observations (DPVOs) over the global oceans were calculated, from which the differences between MODIS Aqua (afternoon pass) and MODIS Terra (morning pass) have been analyzed. For all three products, Aqua shows more valid observations than Terra over the Southern Ocean, the ocean near Peru and Chile, and the ocean around Angola and Namibia, with relatively >30% more valid observations in boreal winter months due to lower cloud coverage in the afternoon. In contrast, more than 20% of valid Chl-a and nFLH observations are obtained by Terra in the North Indian Ocean, and 10%–30% more valid observations by Terra are also found for the Equatorial Pacific and Atlantic oceans. These can be possibly linked to the lower presence of sun glint for Terra. Compared with Chl-a and nFLH, SST retrievals are more tolerant to sun glint and other perturbation factors, leading to much higher DPVOs. The implications of these findings to future satellite mission design and field campaigns are also discussed.
Longitudinal affective computing: virtual agents that respond to user mood

We present two empirical studies which examine user mood in long-term interaction with virtual conversational agents. The first study finds evidence for mood as a longitudinal construct independent of momentary affect and demonstrates that mood can be reliably identified by human judges observing user-agent interactions. The second study demonstrates that mood is an important consideration for virtual agents designed to persuade users, by showing that favors are more persuasive than direct requests when users are in negative moods, while direct requests are more persuasive for users in positive moods.
Abstract 11586: Pulse-based Arrhythmia Discrimination Using a Novel Smartphone Application

Introduction: Screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) normally involves the use of expensive and cumbersome outpatient monitoring equipment. Currently, smartphone based detection allows for assessment of heart rate alone or requires additional hardware which has limited its widespread use in screening for AF. We describe the use of the first smartphone based monitor that has the ability to discriminate AF from ectopy (including PACs and PVCs) without the need of additional hardware. Methods: We analyzed 219 2-minute pulse recordings from 121 study participants with AF (n=98), PACs (n=15), or PVCs (n=15) using an iPhone 4S. We obtained pulsatile time series recordings in 91 participants after successful cardioversion to sinus rhythm from pre-existing AF. The PULSESMART app conducted pulse analysis using 3 methods [Root Mean Square of Successive RR Differences; Shannon Entropy; Poincare plot]. We examined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy of the app for AF, PAC, and PVC discrimination fro...
Alpha and conversion electron spectroscopy of 238,239Pu and 241Am and alpha-conversion electron coincidence measurements

Abstract A technique to determine the isotopic constituents of a mixed actinide sample has been proposed by a coincident alpha-conversion electron measurement. This presents a unique signature to allow the unfolding of isotopes that possess overlapping alpha particle energy and reduce backgrounds of an unseparated sample. The work presented here are results of conversion electron spectroscopy of 241 Am, 238 Pu and 239 Pu using a dual-stage peltier-cooled 25 mm 2 silicon drift detector and alpha spectroscopy with a passivated ion implanted planar silicon detector. The conversion electron spectra were evaluated from 20–55 keV based on fits to the dominant conversion electron emissions, which allowed the relative conversion electron emission intensities to be determined. These measurements provide crucial singles spectral information and calibration to aid in the coincident measurement approach. Furthermore, an alpha-conversion electron spectrometer was assembled using the silicon based detectors described and results of a coincident spectrum analysis is reported for 241 Am.
Cross linguistic name matching in English and Arabic: a one to many mapping extension of the Levenshtein edit distance algorithm

This paper presents a solution to the problem of matching personal names in English to the same names represented in Arabic script. Standard string comparison measures perform poorly on this task due to varying transliteration conventions in both languages and the fact that Arabic script does not usually represent short vowels. Significant improvement is achieved by augmenting the classic Levenshtein edit-distance algorithm with character equivalency classes.
Behavior Analytic Concepts and Change in a Large Metropolitan Research University: The Graduation Success Initiative

ABSTRACTThe Graduation Success Initiative is a complex, organization-wide application of behavior analytic concepts to improving undergraduate student retention and on-time graduation at a large metropolitan research university. The behavior analytic concepts discussed here include culture, supraorganismic phenomena, selecting environments, macrobehaviors, macrocontingencies, interlocking behavioral contingencies, metacontingencies, and rule-governed behavior. We introduce a change template that includes all pertinent agents in the university system and that focuses change efforts specifically on desired behaviors, targeted behaviors, strategic interventions, and reinforcing contingencies for each of the categories of agents. The Graduation Success Initiative produced a 16-point increase in on-time graduation in 4 years.
Quantitative Evaluation of the In Vivo Vocal Fold Medial Surface Shape

Summary Objectives/Hypothesis Glottal insufficiency is a common clinical problem in otolaryngology and medialization laryngoplasty (ML) procedures remain the primary treatment modality. Although the goal of ML is to restore physiologic glottal posture and achieve optimal phonation, this posture has not been directly measured. In this study, we assessed glottal medial surface contour changes with selective activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs). Study Design Basic science study using an in vivo canine hemilarynx model. Methods In an in vivo canine hemilarynx, India ink was used to mark fleshpoints in a grid-like fashion along the medial surface of the vocal fold and ILMs were activated in a graded manner. A right-angled prism provided two views of the medial surface, which were recorded using a high-speed camera and used to reconstruct the 3D posture deformations of the medial surface. Results Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activation results in initial inferomedial bulging and increased glottal channel thickness and then glottal adduction with a final rectangular glottal channel shape. Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) activation closes the posterior glottis but final posture remains slightly convergent. Together, TA + LCA forms a rectangular glottis with an increased glottal vertical thickness. Posterior cricoarytenoid activation results in abduction and a slightly divergent glottis, whereas cricothyroid activation elongates the glottis and reduces the glottal channel vertical thickness. Conclusions A quantitative analysis of in vivo canine vocal fold medial surface upon activation of selective ILMs is provided. This may guide our therapeutic efforts during medialization laryngoplasty, as well as computational modeling of laryngeal physiology.
Divalent-doped Na3Zr2Si2PO12 natrium superionic conductor: Improving the ionic conductivity via simultaneously optimizing the phase and chemistry of the primary and secondary phases

Abstract NASICON is one of the most promising sodium solid electrolytes that can enable the assembly of cheaper and safer sodium all-solid-state batteries. In this study, we perform a combined experimental and computational investigation into the effects of aliovalent doping in NASICON on both bulk and grain boundary (secondary phase) ionic conductivity. Our results show that the dopants with low solid solubility limits in NASICON lead to the formation of a conducting (less insulating) secondary phase, thereby improving the grain boundary conductivity measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (including grain-boundary, secondary-phase, and other microstructural contributions) that is otherwise hindered by the poorly-conducting secondary phases in undoped NASICON. This is accompanied by a change in the Si/P ratio in the primary NASICON bulk phase, thereby transforming monoclinic NASICON to rhombohedral NASICON. Consequently, we have synthesized NASICON chemistries with significantly improved and optimized total ionic conductivity of 2.7 mS/cm. More importantly, this study has achieved an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of improved conductivities via doping (differing from the common wisdom) and further suggests a new general direction to improve the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes via simultaneously optimizing the primary bulk phase and the microstructure (including grain boundary segregation and secondary phases).
The relations between age and androgen deprivation therapy use among men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer in the Medicare population.

e15150 Background: For older men with prostate cancer who are undergoing radiotherapy, the benefit of neoadjuvant and concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ncADT) varies according to tumor chara...
The deforming Nazca slab in the mantle transition zone and lower mantle: Constraints from teleseismic tomography on the deeply subducted slab between 6°S and 32°S

We present new tomographic models of the Nazca slab under South America from 6°S to 32°S, and from 95 km to lower mantle (895 km) depths. By combining data from 14 separate networks in the central Andes, we use finite-frequency teleseismic P-wave tomography to image the Nazca slab from the upper mantle into the mantle transition zone (MTZ) and the uppermost lower mantle on a regional scale. Our tomography shows that there is significant along-strike variation in the morphology of the Nazca slab in the MTZ and the lower mantle. Thickening of the slab in the MTZ is observed north of the Bolivian orocline, possibly related to buckling or folding of the slab in response to the penetration of a near-vertical slab into the higher-viscosity lower mantle, which decreases the sinking velocity of the slab. South of the orocline, the slab continues into the lower mantle with only minor deformation in the MTZ. In the lower mantle, a similar difference in morphology is observed. North of 16°S, the slab anomaly in the lower mantle is more coherent and penetrates more steeply into the lower mantle. To the south, the slab dip appears to be decreasing just below the 660 km discontinuity. This change in slab morphology in the MTZ and lower mantle appears to correspond to the change in the dip of the slab as it enters the MTZ, from steeply dipping in the north to more moderately dipping in the south.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICES AND EMPLOYEE WORK ENGAGEMENT: A COMPARARTIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA

Employee work engagement, an emerging issue of 21 st century is critical for the success of organizations. The present study investigated organizational justices and employee work engagement using a comparative approach of public and private sector educational institutions in southeastern Nigeria. One hundred and eighteen (118) employees of both public and private tertiary educational institutions in Enugu metropolis, southeastern Nigeria was purposively sampled. Three hypotheses were tested. Pearson’s product-moment correlation and Independent t-test were the statistical tools used in analyzing the data collected. The findings of the study revealed significant positive relationship between organizational justices (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and employee work engagement. Employees of private tertiary educational institutions have a higher level of employee work engagement than employees of public tertiary educational institutions. However, employees of both public and private tertiary educational institutions did not differ in their perceptions of organizational justices. The findings of this study are discussed with reference to the reviewed literature, Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model and Social Exchange Theory (SET). The present study highlights the need for employees to be provided with resources needed to perform their work roles since it has beneficial effects on employee work engagement.
A study of electromigration of nickel in lead

Abstract The steady state method was used to study the electromigration of 63Ni in Pb. For the temperature range 180–290°C, and Ni concentration range 0.1–1000 ppm, Ni migrates toward the anode. For dilute samples (0.1 ppm Ni) the effective charge varies linearly with the inverse resistivity from −6.75 at 188°C to −4.97 at 289°C. The 1/ρ dependence is given by Z∗ = (1.4 ± 0.3)−(288 ± 13)× 10 −6 /ρ . The effective charge is a function of the Ni concentration, increasing in magnitude with increasing concentration. For 1000 ppm Ni, |Z∗| exhibits a sharp maximum around 260°C; below 230°C electromigration takes place at a much slower rate, probably due to precipitation.