cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptations that Virtual Teams Make so that Complex Tasks Can Be Performed Using Simple E-Collaboration Technologies

Using the theoretical lens of compensatory adaptation theory, this study examines how organizational problem-solving teams adapt to lean media and effectively communicate. We examined several successful virtual teams using a bulletin board as their primary communication medium to perform complex process improvement tasks in their natural business environment. Although some established theories predict failure using lean media, savings from use of simple e-collaboration technologies provide motivation for conduct of virtual teams. Compensatory adaptation theory argues that e-collaboration technologies often pose obstacles to communication, and yet also lead to better team outcomes than the face-to-face medium. This study provides support for that theory. Members of the virtual teams reported adapting their communication to be more focused, clear, precise, neutral, concrete, concise, persuasive, considerate, and complete in order to overcome the obstacles posed by media of low richness. As a result of those adaptations, the teams perceived better quality and achieved success of the team outcome.
Differential Ca2+ sensitivity of skeletal and cardiac muscle ryanodine receptors in the presence of calmodulin

Calmodulin (CaM) activates the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel (RyR1) in the presence of nanomolar Ca2+ concentrations. However, the role of CaM activation in the mechanisms...
Curt Richter and regulatory physiology

Curt Richter made seminal contributions to our understanding of a number of issues regarding the relationships between physiology and behavior. He was the first to conceptualize behavior as an aspect of regulatory physiology. These ideas developed from his work on behavioral responses to a variety of physiological perturbations. The classic example is Richter's demonstration of the development of avid sodium ingestion in response to urinary sodium loss after adrenalectomy. Some of Richter's ideas on the nature and underlying physiology of specific appetites maintain their influence and continue to stimulate active investigation. Others, focused on abilities to self-select balanced diets, have not borne the test of time or experimental challenge. As current research takes a more molecular focus, Richter's ideas on behavior in the service of the internal milieu maintain their currency, and the search for the molecular bases for these relationships should serve as a research focus.
Evaluation of a New Device for Simultaneous Compressions and Ventilations

The resuscitator bag has been considered the standard for prehospital, ventilatory managment. Recently, the Berg Resuscitation Apparatus (BRA) was developed as an alternative. Two devices were compared for their ability to deliver adequate tidal volumes and efficacy during simulated, single-rescuer CPR In the first phase, emergency care providers ventilated a test lung using a resuscitator bag, BRA, and demand valve. No significant differences between methods were found. During the second phase of the study, subjects performed single-rescuer CPR on a resuscitation mannikin for two minutes, using the bag-valve-mask and the BRA with a mask. The BRA delivered a volume of 0.81±0.26 liters compared to 0.35±0.19 liters using the resuscitator bag. The BRA allows ventilation to be performed as does the traditional equipment. When used in single rescuer CPR, it appears to provide a substantial increase in the tidal volumes delivered.
Terrorism, Tips, and the Touchstone of Reasonableness: Seeking a Balance between Threat Response and Privacy Dilution

This article addresses the existing gap between the practical need to respond rapidly and decisively to anonymous tips of car bomb terrorist threats and the existing tests for compliance with the Fourth Amendment. More specifically, I explain how a search (or seizure) of an automobile identified as matching the description of an anonymous tip that it contains a car bomb would not be justified under any of the existing exceptions to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment. I then argue that the threat associated with this tactic of choice for homegrown lone-wolf terrorists necessitates an adjustment of these existing standards for assessing the “reasonableness” of a police response to such an anonymous tip. However, because such an adjustment will dilute the existing framework that enables post-search judicial critique of police judgments, this adjustment poses an associated risk that police seeking to exploit my proposed “terrorist tip” exception to skirt the normal requirements of the Fourth Amendment will subject citizens to subterfuge searches. In response to this risk, I propose that state legislatures consider adopting rules that limit the ability of the government to use evidence unrelated to the alleged terrorist threat to prosecute individuals whose automobiles are subjected to a terrorist responsive search. This proposal is based on the existing military rules that limit the admissibility of evidence against service-members that is discovered during command directed inspections. Like the military, the offer at trial of evidence discovered during a terrorist responsive search unrelated to the terrorist threat would trigger a presumption of inadmissibility. This presumption may be rebutted only if the prosecution can prove by clear and convincing evidence that the search was a genuine response to a tip of imminent terrorist attack. The presumptive inadmissibility rule will mitigate the risk of subterfuge searches by making it much more difficult for the prosecution to use evidence discovered during a terrorist tip responsive search unless the search itself confirms the reliability of the tip or unless the prosecution can establish the validity of the tip - even if the evidence ultimately discovered does not corroborate the tip. In so doing, it strikes a fair balance between the expanded response authority necessitated by the nature of terrorist car bomb threats, and the interests of privacy endangered by expanding police response authority.
Reading skills in Down syndrome: An examination of orthographic knowledge

The primary goal of this study was to examine the word identification domain of the Simple View of Reading in participants with Down syndrome (DS) by comparing them to participants with typical development (TD) matched on word identification ability. Two subskills, phonological recoding and orthographic knowledge, were measured. Results revealed that individuals with DS performed similarly to controls on 2 measures of orthographic knowledge, but more poorly on phonological recoding and a third measure of orthographic knowledge. The first two orthographic tasks included real words as stimuli; the third task used letter patterns, not real words. These results suggest that individuals with DS may have a relative strength in word-specific orthographic knowledge but not in general orthographic knowledge.
Genetic Homozygosity and Phenotypic Variability in Craniosynostotic Rabbits

Background: Craniosynostosis ranges in severity from single suture involvement with prenatal onset to multiple suture involvement with postnatal onset. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increasing homozygosity may be responsible for more severe phenotypic expression by examining the relationship between inbreeding and phenotypic expression in synostotic rabbits. Methods: Data were obtained from 173 litters and 209 rabbits with familial craniosynostosis. Five distinct phenotypes were identified (normal n = 62; unicoronal delayed onset synostosis (DOS) n = 47; bicoronal DOS n = 21; unicoronal early onset synostosis (EOS) n = 26, and bicoronal EOS n= 53). Wright's coefficients of inbreeding (CI) were calculated using CompuPed software. Radiographs were taken at 10, 25, 42, 84, and 126 days of age to assess coronal suture, craniofacial, and skeletal growth. The relationship between CI and growth data was assessed using correlation coefficients. Results: Mean CIs ranged from 15.68 (...
Solid-Phase Extraction With Discs

Particle-loaded membranes, particle-embedded glass fibre disks, and laminar disks collectively referred to as disc technologies for solid-phase extraction afford a complementary approach to cartridge devices for sample preparation. Disc technologies afford significant advantages for handling large sample volumes (> 500 ml) and small sample sizes (< 0.2 ml) resulting in shorter sample processing times, cleaner extracts, and ease of automation. Disc devices are also preferred for passive sampling, sample preservation and storage, and in-vial sample processing. Disc technologies are compatible with current trends in laboratory automation.
Orientation and topography of RNA polymerase III in transcription complexes.

Abstract A photo-cross-linking method has been used to map the subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase (Pol) III with respect to DNA in binary (preinitiation) and ternary (RNA-elongating) transcription complexes. Transcription factor- and Pol III-containing complexes have been assembled on S. cerevisiae SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) gene probes containing the photoactive nucleotide 5-[N-(p-azidobenzoyl)-3-aminoallyl]-dUMP in different specified positions. Covalent DNA-protein linkages form upon irradiation of these complexes, and the Pol III subunits that are cross-linked to individual positions in the SUP4 tRNA gene have been identified. RNA Pol III cross-linking has been shown to require the box B downstream promoter element of the tRNA gene and the presence of transcription factor TFIIIB. Further proof of specificity has been provided by demonstrating that particular Pol III subunits move out of the range of upstream-placed photoactive nucleotides, and that others move into the range of downstream-placed photoactive nucleotides, as a consequence of initiating and elongating RNA chains. Binding and specific placement of Pol III have also been shown to require both the B' and the B" components of TFIIIB. Nine Pol III subunits are cross-linked from different positions of the SUP4 tRNA gene's nontranscribed strand. In binary transcription complexes, the two largest Pol III subunits are accessible to photo-cross-linking over the entire stretch of the DNase I footprint. The 27- and 34-kDa Pol III subunits are also relatively extended along DNA; its upstream projection makes the 34-kDa subunit a candidate for interaction with TFIIIB, while the 27-kDa subunit is accessible to photo-cross-linking from the leading edge of the Pol III binding site. Several subunits, including the 82- and 53-kDa subunits in binary transcription complexes, are relatively localized in their accessibility to cross-linking. Multiple Pol III subunits are accessible to specific cross-linking from a single photoactive nucleotide in the middle of the transcription bubble of an arrested ternary transcription complex. It is suggested that this precisely placed transcription complex comprises a dynamic ensemble of structural states rather than a single perfectly constrained entity.
Activation of Oxidation Catalysts by Solvation

The versatility of heteropolyanions implies many different uses for Keggin type catalysts. However, new roles for these catalysts must first be preceeded by further understanding of the mechanisms by which they operate. It has been observed that the solvation and/or complexation of heteropolyanions promotes or limits activity in homogeneous chemistry. For this reason the solution state and the solvation characteristics of the catalyst were studied in oxidation and photochemical reactions. Simple oxidation reactions provide a system by which the solution state of the catalyst can be studied. The catalyst used for these mechanistic studies is the Keggin ion (PMo10V2O40)-5.
Effect of n-allylnormorphine upon massive doses of narcotic drugs.

SummaryNalorphine is an effective antidote for doses of opiates which would otherwise be lethal, in those instances where signs of depression are the dominant toxic manifestations. It is relatively ineffective, however, in those instances where convulsions are a prominent feature. In rabbits and mice receiving convulsant doses of meperidine, codeine or prisilidene, nalorphine alone was seldom life-saving, but administration of both phenobarbital and nalorphine adequately protected the animals. Codeine and prisilidene did not produce convulsions in rats; nalorphine alone was an effective antidote in these instances.
1110 Implementing a Therapeutic Hypothermia Program for the Treatment of Perinatal Hypoxic Encephalopathy: Experience from a UK Tertiary Neonatal Centre

Introduction Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is an effective neuroprotective treatment. In the U.K NICE endorsed selected TH use in 5/2010. Access to treatment is increasing. Our institution is a tertiary neonatal unit serving South-East London perinatal network. We designed and implemented a TH program with established clinical governance procedures and a rolling training program followed by the treatment of the first patient in 8/2009. Aim To present our experience in implementation of our TH program. Methods Review of clinical records, aEEG, EEG and MRI of the infants treated with TH from 8/2009–3/2012. Results 44 infants with moderate or severe HIE were treated. Mean GA:40 weeks (36–42 weeks). 61% outborn (N=27) 10/27 from outside SE-London. Treatment commenced at median age:2.5h for inborns. Outborns commenced passive cooling. On admission 30% of the outborns had rectal temperature o C 48% of patients were treated for seizures before TH, 16%. During treatment 1 infant developed arrhythmia (PEA) after phenytoin. One infant required extended TH for seizures. 77% survived to discharge. 93% had brainMRI performed. Conclusions Successful introduction of a TH program requires an on-going education program and established clinical governance procedures. Access toTH and transport procedures should be further improved. TH should ideally be provided in centres equipped to provide neurocritical intensive care able to address the complex medical needs of patients and families. There is urgent need to refine current TH protocols and encourage clinical trials of additional neuroprotective treatments.
Content analysis of oxalic acid,citric acid,calcium and magnesium in urine of children with urinary stone

Objective To determine the contents and analyze the correlation of oxalic acid,citric acid,calcium and magnesium in 24 h urine collected from 80 children suffering from urinary stone and compared with those from 50 normal children.Methods The 24 h urine of 80 children suffering from urinary stone and 50 normal children were collected,and the contents of oxalic acid,citric acid,calcium and magnesium were determined. The correlation between four analytes were statistically analyzed. Results The average measurements( mg / L) of oxalic acid,citric acid,calcium and magnesium in 24 h urine of children suffering from urinary stone were respectively 60. 9 ± 27. 5,183. 8 ± 71. 4,98. 5 ± 52. 1 and 55. 1 ± 28. 6. The average measurements( mg / L) of oxalic acid,citric acid,calcium and magnesium in 24 h urine of the normal children were respectively46. 7 ± 6. 8,269. 7 ± 116. 5,53. 2 ± 18. 8 and 72. 5 ± 26. 0. The contents of oxalic acid and calcium in 24 h urine of children suffering from urinary stone were significantly higher than those of the normal children. The contents of citric acid and magnesium in 24 h urine of children suffering from urinary stone were significantly lower than those of the normal children. There were negative correlation between the contents of oxalic acid and citric acid,and also between the contents of calcium and magnesium.Conclusion The study is of significance for diagnosing,treating and preventing children suffering from urinary stone.
Goals Affect the Perceived Quality of Explanations.

Do people evaluate the quality of explanations differently depending on their goals? In particular, are explanations of different kinds (formal, mechanistic, teleological) judged differently depending on the future judgments the evaluator anticipates making? We report two studies demonstrating that the perceived “goodness” of explanations depends on the evaluator’s current goals, with explanations receiving a relative boost when they are based on relationships that support anticipated judgments. These findings shed light on the functions of explanation and support pragmatic and pluralist approaches to explanation.
Body experience differences of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

The author conducted this comparative study to better understand women's body experiences during pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Specifically, the study sought to determine whether women who had PIH differed from women with normal pregnancies based on their descriptions and evaluations of weight, appetite, activity, and mood experiences for four sequential time intervals of pregnancy. Using a convenience sampling strategy and semistructured interview technique, data were collected from 38 women with PIH and 23 women with normal pregnancies. The body change data were analyzed using log-linear procedures with all statistical tests conducted at the p < .05 level. Study findings indicated the pregnancies of women with PIH differed from normal pregnancy. In the context of study findings, PIH pregnancy was explored as a consequence of (a) unmet maternal dependency needs, (b) the imposition of the childbearing developmental task on an unresolved adolescent developmental phase, and (c) the binding of maternal emotional distress through selective and often dependency-symbolic body change modes and responses.
Tendons, ligaments, and capsule of the rotator cuff : Gross and microscopic anatomy

We investigated the structure of the myotendinous rotator cuff in thirty-two grossly intact cuffs from thirty fresh cadavera of subjects who had been seventeen to seventy-two years old at the time of death. We studied the gross anatomy of the capsule and ligaments of the cuff, as well as histological sections of the tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus muscles. The tendons were found to splay out and interdigitate to form a common, continuous insertion on the humerus. The biceps tendon was ensheathed by interwoven fibers derived from the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons. The anterior margin and bursal surface of the supraspinatus tendon were enveloped by a thick sheet of fibrous tissue derived from the coracohumeral ligament. Fibers from the coracohumeral and glenohumeral ligaments were found concentrated in a plane between the capsule and the tendons of the cuff. Microscopically, in the region of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, the cuff was composed of five layers defined by the attachments and orientations of the fibrous elements in each of these layers.
Soft X-ray Dichroism Studies of Graphite

With the recent advance of spintronics , an area of science and technology that proposes to use the spin of electrons to store and process information instead of their charge, carbon based nanomaterials have experienced increased interest. In particular the possibility to induce magnetic order through small modification of the structure has fascinated researchers for over a decade now. However, the origin of magnetism in carbon-based materials is still quite controversial from a scientific point of view. Unlike traditional magnetic materials, there are no d- or f-electrons present and contradictory experimental results have complicated theoretical work even further. To characterize the magnetic properties of an unknown sample one often uses conventional magnetometers that measure the total magnetic moment of a sample. However, these instruments do no allow to pin point the exact microscopic origin of the magnetism to rule out the presence of other magnetic impurities. For this reason it is crucial to study the magnetism of carbon based materials using element specific magnetic probes like e.g. x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In this chapter we will present an introduction to dichroism soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and microscopy and the ability of this experimental approach to characterize the electronic, chemical and magnetic structure of a complex sample, element by element and in some cases even layer by layer.
A REVIEW OF SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF TWIST DRILLS

SUMMARY While the general appearance of twist drills has changed relatively little in the past half century, there have been significant changes and improvements. This paper reviews some of the important developments in twist drill design and application during the past decade.
An Effective IP Reuse Methodology for Quality System-on-Chip Design

Intellectual property (IP) reuse improves system-on-a-chip (SoC) design productivity, and helps to meet design quality and time-to-market goals. However, IP quality issues in terms of inadequate test coverage, low power capability, absence of functional features etc. has led to reduced benefits from reuse. This is because the IP is usually designed for use in one chip and later on (re)used in chips having different requirements. Hence, part of SoC design productivity is spent in enhancing the IP to the desired quality level. As updated versions of the IP may be released several times during the SoC design phase, managing the design database poses challenge with respect to the IP enhancements. In this paper, we describe the methodology that we successfully followed in our SoC design. It consists of enhancing the IPs for meeting the desired goals, validating the changes and controlling its version in the design database. It is required to integrate three mission critical IPs developed by the customer. Certain modifications to the customer IPs were called for to meet SoC design goals and obtain a better quality of implementation.
A review of nebulized drug delivery in COPD

Current guidelines recommend inhaled pharmacologic therapy as the preferred route of administration for treating COPD. Bronchodilators (β2-agonists and antimuscarinics) are the mainstay of pharmacologic therapy in patients with COPD, with long-acting agents recommended for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or those who are at a higher risk for COPD exacerbations. Dry powder inhalers and pressurized metered dose inhalers are the most commonly used drug delivery devices, but they may be inadequate in various clinical scenarios (eg, the elderly, the cognitively impaired, and hospitalized patients). As more drugs become available in solution formulations, patients with COPD and their caregivers are becoming increasingly satisfied with nebulized drug delivery, which provides benefits similar to drugs delivered by handheld inhalers in both symptom relief and improved quality of life. This article reviews recent innovations in nebulized drug delivery and the important role of nebulized therapy in the treatment of COPD.
Aromatische Substitution, XXXIII. Friedel‐Crafts Thiolcarboxylierung von Aromaten

Bei der Einwirkung von AlCl3 auf n-Alkyl- und Aryl-thiolchlorformiate in Gegenwart von Aromaten erhalt man die entsprechenden Benzoesaure-thioalkyl- bzw. -thioarylester in guter Ausbeute (Tabb. 1 und 2). Diese konnen hydrolytisch quantitativ in die Sauren oder durch Umsetzung mit Thionylchlorid in die Saurechloride ubergefuhrt werden. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion wird untersucht hinsichtlich der Konkurrenz von Alkylierung und Thiolcarboxylierung in Abhangigkeit des Alkylthiolchlorformiates (Tab. 3), der Substrat- und Positionsselektivitat der Methylthiolcarboxylierung (Tabb. 4 und 5) sowie der veranderlichen Starke des Elektrophils durch Variation der Substituenten der Thiolchlorformiate (Tabb. 6 und 7). Die Gultigkeit der linearen Hammett-Brown-Beziehung der freien Energie wird gepruft. Substitution of Aromatic Compounds, XXXIII1). – Friedel-Crafts Thiolcarboxylation of Aromatics When n-alkyl- and arylthiolchloroformates are treated with AlCl3 in the presence of aromatics, the corresponding n-alkyl- or arylthiolbenzoates are obtained in good yield (tables 1 and 2). By hydrolysis they are converted quantitatively into acids or by reaction with thionyl chloride into the corresponding aroyl chlorides. Mechanistic investigations are described dealing with the competition of alkylation and thiolcarboxylation in dependence on the alkyl-thiolchloroformate used (table 3), the substrate- and positional selectivity of the methylthiol-carboxylation (tables 4 and 5) and the changing strength of the electrophile when varying the substituents of the thiolchloroformates (table 6 and 7). The validity of the Hammett-Brown linear free energy relationship is tested.
Animals and Therapists: Incorporating Animals in Outpatient Psychotherapy

Publisher Summary For most of human history, animals have occupied a central position in theories concerning the ontology and treatment of sickness and disease. Offended animal spirits were often believed to be the source of illness, injury, or misfortune, but, at the same time, the assistance of animal guardian spirits—either one's own or those belonging to a medicine man or shaman—could also be called on to mediate in the process of healing such afflictions. Recent interest in the potential medical value of animal companionship was largely initiated by a single study that appeared to demonstrate life-prolonging effects of pet ownership among heart attack sufferers. This study has since prompted many others, most of which have demonstrated either short-term, relaxing effects of animal contact, or long-term health improvements consistent with a view of companion animals as sources of social support and client population; and knowledge level of AAT by individual programs or facilities. Other factors influencing AAT include the variety of animals involved, their temperament and level of training, and the human team member and her or his level of training and personal characteristics. The setting or agency where AAT takes place and the variety of clients also influences how AAT is conducted. The interdisciplinary nature of AAT in many respects enriches its content, but also contributes to different ways of conducting or implementing this therapeutic intervention. Professionals, trained staff, and volunteers all engage in various levels of AAT based primarily on their understanding of and personal commitment to the human-animal bond. Some efforts have been made to establish guidelines for AAT; however, this falls short of addressing the wide variation that presently exists.
Untangling the complexity of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies

The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous, autosomal inherited muscular dystrophies with a childhood to adult onset, manifesting with hip- and shoulder-girdle muscle weakness. When the term LGMD was first conceptualized in 1954, it was thought to be a single entity. Currently, there are 8 autosomal dominant (LGMD1A-1H) and 26 autosomal recessive (LGMD2A-2Z) variants according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. In addition, there are other genetically identified muscular dystrophies with an LGMD phenotype not yet classified as LGMD. This highlights the entanglement of LGMDs, which represents an area in continuous expansion. Herein we aim to simplify the complexity of LGMDs by subgrouping them on the basis of the underlying defective protein and impaired function. Muscle Nerve 58: 167-177, 2018.
The Gut Microbiota Regulates Endocrine Vitamin D Metabolism through Fibroblast Growth Factor 23.

To determine the effect of the microbiota on vitamin D metabolism, serum 25hydroxyvitamin D(25D), 24,25dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25D) and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) were measured in germfree (GF) mice before and after conventionalization (CN). GF mice had low levels of 25D, 24,25D and 1,25D and were hypocalcemic. CN of the GF mice with microbiota, for 2wks recovered 25D, 24,25D and 1,25D levels. Females had more 25D and 24,25D than males both as GF mice and after CN. Introducing a limited number of commensals (8 commensals) increased 25D and 24,25D to the same extent as CN. Monocolonization with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium increased 25D and 24,25D, but the values only increased after 4 wks of C. rodentium colonization when inflammation resolved. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 was extremely high in GF mice. CN resulted in an increase in TNF-± expression in the colon 2d after CN that coincided with a reduction in FGF23 by 3d that eventually normalized 25D, 24,25D, 1,25D at 1wk post-CN and reinstated calcium homeostasis. Neutralization of FGF23 in GF mice raised 1,25D, without CN, demonstrating that the high FGF23 levels were responsible for the low calcium and 1,25D in GF mice. The microbiota induce inflammation in the GF mice that inhibits FGF23 to eventually reinstate homeostasis that includes increased 25D, 24,25D and 1,25D levels. The microbiota through FGF23 regulates vitamin D metabolism.
Improvements in Blood Pressure (BP) and Markers of Arterial Stiffness with Canagliflozin (CANA) in the CANagliflozin CardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program

The CANVAS Program demonstrated a reduced risk of cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes with the SGLT2 inhibitor CANA vs. placebo (PBO) in adults with T2DM and established CV disease or ≥2 CV risk factors (N = 10,142; mean age, 63.3 y; systolic BP [SBP], 136.6 mmHg; diastolic BP [DBP], 77.7 mmHg). This analysis assessed the effects of CANA on BP, pulse, and markers of arterial stiffness including pulse pressure (PP = SBP-DBP) and double product (DP = pulse × SBP). CANA lowered SBP and DBP compared with PBO over the CANVAS Program (mean differences of -3.93 mmHg [95% CI: -4.30, -3.56]) and -1.39 mmHg [95% CI: -1.61, -1.17]; both P Disclosure R. Townsend: None. M. Dharmalingam: None. S. Genovese: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Abbott Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bruno Farmaceutici, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Takeda. Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bruno Farmaceutici, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Takeda. Research Support; Self; Novartis AG. A. Steele: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Amgen, AZ, Bayer, BI, Lilly, Jansen, Merck, Pfizer, Otsuka, Valeant. Advisory Panel; Self; Amgen, BI/Lilly, Jansen, Otsuka, Shire. J.L. Arenas: None. A. Slee: Other Relationship; Self; Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. E. Fabbrini: Employee; Self; Janssen Research & Development. K.W. Mahaffey: Research Support; Self; Afferent, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi, Ferring, Google (Verily), Janssen, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, and St. Jude. Consultant; Self; Ablynx, AstraZeneca, BAROnova, Bio2 Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardiometabolic Health Congress, Cubist, Eli Lilly, Elsevier, Epson, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Mt. Sinai, Radiometer, Springer Publishing, The Medicines Company, Theravance, Vindico, and WebMD. Stock/Shareholder; Self; BioPrint Fitness.
Beef customer satisfaction: role of cut, USDA quality grade, and city on in-home consumer ratings.

An in-home beef study evaluated consumer ratings from moderate-to-heavy beef users as influenced by cut (top loin, top sirloin, and top round steaks), USDA quality grade (Top Choice, Low Choice, High Select, and Low Select), and city (Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, and San Francisco). Consumers (n = 2,212) evaluated each steak for overall like (OLIKE), tenderness (TEND), juiciness (JUIC), flavor desirability (DFLAV), and flavor intensity (IFLAV) using 23-point hedonic scales (23 = like extremely, extremely tender, extremely juicy, like extremely, and an extreme amount of flavor; 1 = dislike extremely, not at all tender, not at all juicy, dislike extremely, and no flavor at all). A USDA grade x cut interaction existed for OLIKE (P .05) able to distinguish OLIKE differences between Low Choice and High Select or between High Select and Low Select. For OLIKE, top sirloin was rated intermediate (P .05) USDA quality grade differences. For OLIKE, top round was the lowest-rated (P < .05) cut. However, consumers preferred (OLIKE, P < .05) Top Choice to the other USDA grades offered. Grade and city interacted to affect TEND, JUIC, DFLAV, and IFLAV. The cut x city interaction was significant for all palatability attributes. Cut and city affected customer satisfaction more than USDA quality grade. Tenderness and flavor were important and equal contributors to OLIKE, r = .85 and r = .86, respectively.
Turbulent Mixing in the Ocean

The distributions of flows and water properties in the world’s oceans exhibit structure on a vast range of space and time scales. The largest scales (of order 107m) are limited chiefly by the size of ocean basins and ultimately of the earth. On the other end of the spectrum, gradients in velocity and water properties exist to sub-meter scales (see below). The total range of spatial scales is thus some nine or more orders of magnitude. The temperature and velocity structures on scales of a few centimeters evolve on a time scale of seconds to minutes (Dillon, 1984); scientists conducting climate studies seek to understand ocean variability on periods of decades to centuries or longer. This gives us in time, a span of at least nine orders of magnitude too. Between these extremes is of course a continuous wavenumber—frequency spectrum of ocean kinetic and potential energy encompassing a host of physical processes (Figure 1). Given these space and time-scale ranges, it is obviously impossible to develop global-scale numerical models that simultaneously resolve all possible oceanographic motions over long times.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Solid polymer electrolytes which are solvent-free electrolytes based on polymers have potential for use in next-generation lithium ion batteries. These batteries, used in cell phones and laptop computers, currently contain a liquid electrolyte. Replacing the liquid electrolyte currently used has several advantages: it allows use of higher-energy density solid lithium at the anode, removes toxic solvents, improves cycling ability, and eliminates the need for heavy casings. Despite the advantages of solid polymer electrolytes, their conductivity is not sufficient for use in batteries. As a result, considerable effort towards improving their conductivity and understanding the mechanisms of lithium transport has taken place over the last 20 years. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering has provided the link between the motion of the polymer host and lithium transport. Such measurements have provided detailed information on the dynamics of the polymer host and enabled connection of this motion to lithium transport. Structural neutron measurements can also play a role in solid polymer electrolytes: small angle scattering has determined the extent and type of crystalline regions commonly thought to impede conductivity and addressed dispersion of nanoparticle fillers. This chapter considers the interplay of conductivity, crystallinity, local coordination, and polymer dynamics in solid polymer electrolytes. We also consider the impact, analogy to confinement, and state of aggregation of nanoparticle fillers. The material is presented as a review, illustrated with specific examples using neutron scattering from our work on poly(ethylene oxide) with LiClO4; both unfilled and filled with 11 nm alumina nanoparticles.
Frustrated with replicating claims of a shared model? a solution

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) innovations are being introduced at such a rapid pace that model owners and evaluators are hard-pressed analyzing and studying them. This is exacerbated by the complicated procedures for evaluation. The lack of standard systems and efficient techniques for specifying and provisioning ML/DL evaluation is the main cause of this "pain point". This work discusses common pitfalls for replicating DL model evaluation, and shows that these subtle pitfalls can affect both accuracy and performance. It then proposes a solution to remedy these pitfalls called MLModelScope, a specification for repeatable model evaluation and a runtime to provision and measure experiments. We show that by easing the model specification and evaluation process, MLModelScope facilitates rapid adoption of ML/DL innovations.
Lp mapping properties for the Cauchy–Riemann equations on Lipschitz domains admitting subelliptic estimates

We show that on bounded Lipschitz pseudoconvex domains that admit good weight functions the ∂¯ -Neumann operators Nq,∂¯∗Nq , and ∂¯Nq are bounded on Lp spaces for some values of p greater than 2.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis microRNA167 induces salicylic acid-dependent defense against Pseudomonas syringae through the regulation of its targets ARF6 and ARF8

microRNAs are powerful regulators of growth, development, and stress responses in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA miR167 was previously found to regulate diverse processes including flower development, root development, and response to osmotic stress by controlling the patterns of expression of its target genes AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6), ARF8, and IAA-Ala RESISTANT 3. Here, we report that miR167 also modulates defense against pathogens through ARF6 and ARF8. miR167 is differentially expressed in response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and overexpression of miR167 confers very high levels of resistance. This resistance appears to be due to suppression of auxin responses and is partially dependent upon salicylic acid signaling, and also depends upon altered stomatal behavior in these plants. Closure of stomata upon the detection of P. syringae is an important aspect of the basal defense response, as it prevents bacterial cells from entering the leaf interior and causing infection. Plants overexpressing miR167 constitutively maintain small stomatal apertures, resulting in very high resistance when the pathogen is inoculated onto the leaf surface. Additionally, the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response is severely compromised in plants overexpressing miR167, in agreement with previous work showing that the activation of SAR requires intact auxin signaling responses. This work highlights a new role for miR167, and also emphasizes the importance of hormonal balance in short- and long-term defense and of stomata as an initial barrier to pathogen entry.
Situating Representation As a Form of Erasure: #OscarsSoWhite, Black Twitter, and Latinx Twitter:

This article explores how Latinxs have responded to the visibility of campaigns and movements such as #OscarsSoWhite. It outlines the discourses Latinxs have deployed on Twitter to justify their de...
QUANTIZATION OF THE G-CONNECTIONS VIA THE TANGENT GROUPOID

A description of the space of G-connections using the tangent groupoid is given. As the tangent groupoid parameter is away from zero, the G-connections act as convolution operators on a Hilbert space. The gauge action is examined in the tangent groupoid description of the G-connections. Tetrads are formulated as Dirac type operators. The connection variables and tetrad variables in Ashtekar's gravity are presented as operators on a Hilbert space.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Paternal Engagement, and Toddler Behavior Problems in Low-income Mexican-origin Families.

Objective: Maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may influence fathers’ engagement in childrearing; however, empirical studies have been equivocal as to whether these effects emerge in a compensator...
Characteristics associated with cooking frequency among college students

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine cooking frequency and identify student characteristics associated with cooking frequency among students from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This cross-sectional study included data from 4845 students who completed an online survey in the fall of 2016. Cooking frequency was assessed using the question “How often do you cook for yourself or for others?” with the response options being “often,” “sometimes,” and “never.” Students also self-reported information on a variety of student characteristics. Descriptive statistics were calculated and associations between cooking frequency and student characteristics were assessed using Pearson's chi square tests, ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression. Statistical significance was considered p
The knockout switch under nonuniform traffic

A novel high-performance packet-switching architecture, called the knockout switch, has been recently proposed. It is a nonblocking, cost-effective switch suitable for broadband packet switching. The authors give equations which can be used to derive the packet loss probability and investigate the knockout switch under various uniform traffic patterns. They also compare the knockout switch with the multistage switch under various nonuniform traffic patterns. >
Contrasting responses of DOM leachates to photodegradation observed in plant species collected along an estuarine salinity gradient

A series of abiotic processes affected by salinity changes involve light-mediated reactions and different degradation pathways of organic compounds, including altered photo-oxidation, photo-degradation, and photolysis of organic matter (OM). Sunlight is known to degrade, oxidize, or mineralize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in waterways, creating large changes in compositional structure of DOM near the water surface and ultimately in the mixed layer. DOM derived from various vegetation types has differing levels of susceptibility to photolytic degradation depending on initial chemical composition and in what matrix degradation takes place (e.g., salinity). The effect of sunlight and salinity on degradation of leached DOM derived from three dominant vegetative species, Avicennia germinans, Juncus romerianus, and Taxodium distichum, along a riverine continuum in northeast Florida was determined. Leachates from these three sources in a deionized or seawater matrix were irradiated in a continuous flow-through photolytic system over the course of 20 h. Avicennia germinans and Juncus roemerinaus DOM readily degraded as indicated by decreases in absorbance across all wavelengths during the irradiation period, while Taxodium distichum DOM was found to increase in absorbance across all wavelengths in the freshwater matrix, but not in seawater. PARAFAC analysis indicated differences in photochemical components and % change of absorbance and fluorescence over time indicate the importance and variability of individual contributions to the DOM pool across an estuarine continuum. This work characterizes the photochemical properties of three individual DOM sources, exhibits the need for further research on this topic, and explores the salinity effect on photo-degradation of DOM from unique plant-derived DOM.
The File Drawer Problem in Nanomedicine

The role of the ‘file drawer' problem in nanomedicine, which partly drives the current limited clinical success of therapeutic nanoparticles, has been poorly investigated. We propose an integrated functioning of all stakeholders as the only effective way to address the file drawer problem in an efficient and timely manner.
Surgical management of humeral shaft nonunions. Success of a consistent protocol over 17 years.

Abstract Introduction Surgical treatment of humeral shaft nonunions is characterized by variability of fixation methods, graft choices, and rates of union and iatrogenic radial nerve palsy. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the union rate of humeral shaft aseptic nonunions and the rate of postoperative complications following a consistent management protocol. Patients and methods This is a retrospective review of 41 consecutive adult patients (23 female and 18 male with a mean age of 42 years) with aseptic nonunions of the humeral shaft treated by the senior author in our institution over a 17-year period. Nonunions were located in the middle third of the diaphysis in 33 patients, in the distal third in 6, and in the proximal third in 2 patients. Comorbidities were present in 49% of patients and the most common were smoking in 27% and diabetes mellitus in 17% of patients. Patients were treated at an average of 24 months after their injury. Surgical protocol consisted of careful dissection of the radial nerve, debridement of the nonunion site, stable plate fixation and augmentation of local biology. Results Thirty-eight patients had mean clinical and radiographic follow-up of 9.4 months. All 38 nonunions healed at a mean time of 3.5 months. There were no persistent nonunions and no failures of fixation. None of the 40 patients with an intact radial nerve preoperatively developed any signs of radial nerve compromise after surgery. Complications consisted of one superficial infection (2%) that resolved with oral antibiotics and one deep infection (2%) that required implant removal and debridement. The mean pain score on the visual analog scale was 0.7. Mean elbow range of motion was 125 degrees with a mean extension deficit of 5 degrees and mean flexion of 130 degrees. Conclusions Our surgical protocol achieved consistent healing of nonunions of the humeral shaft with a low complication rate and no iatrogenic radial nerve palsy, even in long-standing nonunions in patients with comorbidities.
Hollywood and Anti-Semitism: A Cultural History up to World War II

This book examines the role of American Jews in the entertainment industry, from the turn of the century to the outbreak of World War II. Eastern European Jewish immigrants are often credited with building a film industry during the first decade of the twentieth century that they dominated by the 1920s. In this study, Steven Carr reconceptualizes Jewish involvement in Hollywood by examining prevalent attitudes towards Jews among American audiences. Analogous to the Jewish Question of the nineteenth century, which was concerned with the full participation of Jews within public life, the Hollywood Question of the 1920s, 30s, and 40s addressed the Jewish population within mass media. This study reveals the powerful set of assumptions concerning ethnicity and media influence as related to the role of the Jew in the motion picture industry.
South Texas Population Characteristics

Almost 4.5 million people were estimated to have resided in South Texas in 2010, almost 18 % of the entire Texas population. From 2000 to 2010, South Texas grew at the same rate as the rest of Texas.
The Web's Impact on Social Work Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

This article examines the ways in which social work educators who are interested in Web technology but not expert in its applications can use the World Wide Web. Current opportunities and challenges in integrating technology into social work education are discussed, and future directions in the use of technology are explored.
Wavelet analysis of dominant scales of heterogeneous porous media

[1] Heterogeneity of aquifer permeability has a significant influence on the transport of solutes; therefore characterization of aquifer heterogeneity is needed to accurately predict the behavior of solutes. A critical characteristic of heterogeneity is a characteristic length scale that is a measure of the distance over which property values are correlated. We show that the characteristic length scale of a statistically homogeneous permeability field can be identified through wavelet analysis using the global wavelet energy spectrum (GWES). The relationship between the wavelet scale and the characteristic length scale of a random field is investigated for the Mexican hat and Morlet wavelets and different covariance structures. The ability of the GWES to identify multiple characteristic length scales in a random field with nested covariance structures is also investigated. We use the technique to identify the characteristic length scales of a laboratory-collected permeability transect from Massillon sandstone.