cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The utilization of the durable power of attorney for health care among hospitalized elderly patients.

Objective: To explore the potential use of the durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), considerations in executing a DPAHC, and influences in making decisions related to it. Design: Interview with follow up. Setting: A teaching hospital. Subjects: 37 males, 60 females, aged 64–97. Methods: Interview of ninety-seven hospitalized patients and followup telephone interview of those who had not originally executed a DPAHC after 3 months. Patients were asked whom they would appoint as an agent for health care decisions, how this person was related to them, and why they chose this person. Patients' cognitive functioning and level of depression were assessed. Results: Most patients (65%) chose their closest relative to make health care decisions for them if they were unable to. Reasons for choosing this person included: the agent knew the patient best, was the closest relative, and was most accessible geographically. Over half of the participants had not discussed their feelings about health care decisions with anyone. Sixteen percent had previously executed a durable power of attorney for health care, and 46% said they intended to execute one. Executing a durable power of attorney for health care was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning but not with level of depression. Conclusions: Both an understanding of advanced directives and a general outlook on matters of life and death seem to affect people's utilization of the DPAHC. The ability to execute a DPAHC and the choice of an agent are affected by individuals' interpersonal relations.
Problems in the quantitation of coronary arteriosclerosis.

Abstract The present study tends to show the not inconsiderable difficulties inherent in both measurements and judgments of arterial stenosis in the coronary arteries. Clearly, longitudinally opened arteries are the least suitable of the three types of media for this evaluation; arteries showed a high degree of variance 45 per cent of the time, compared to 10 per cent for angiograms and 25 per cent for casts. Angiograms tend to produce consistent results, and in 90 per cent of the readings a variance of not greatethan 1+ was found. However, this consistence was at the expense of failing to reflect small changes in vascular lumens. Thus angiograms give lower readings of severity of stenosis than casts. In contrast, arteries and casts show a 1+ variance 30 and 50 per cent, respectively, in part because casts more completely reflect the complexity of the deformities induced by atheromatous lesions and thus complicate the issuin judging the segment and severity of stenosis. Possibly better consistency might be achieved by multiple observers using all three media simultaneously.
Pitfalls in the Multicultural Diagnostic/Remedial Process: A Central American Experience.

(1982). Pitfalls in the multicultural diagnostic/remedial process: A central American experience. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 41-46.
A Reformulation of Marxian Theory and Historical Analysis

The paper develops a Marxian approach to economic history utilizing some recent, far-reaching reformulations of Marxist theory. On the basis of a new specification of class structures, the approach permits a nondeterminist analysis of the interactions of class and nonclass aspects of social change.
Reversible focal ischemic injury demonstrated by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in rats

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can quantitatively display focal brain abnormalities within minutes after the onset of ischemia. We performed the present study to determine the effects of 1 and 2 hours of temporary ischemia on DWI. We examined DWI and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T2WI) during and after 1 and 2 hours of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats (n = 10 for each group). In a subgroup of four animals from each group, we employed perfusion magnetic resonance imaging to monitor cerebral perfusion. Neurological outcome and infarct size after survival for 24 hours were compared between the groups and correlated with DWI and T2WI studies. Perfusion studies qualitatively documented hypoperfusion and reperfusion during and after temporary occlusion. Lesion size on DWI during reperfusion was significantly less than that during ischemia for 1 (55% decline, p less than 0.02) but not 2 hours of occlusion. The DWI signal intensity ratio (intensity compared with that in the contralateral homologous area) just before withdrawal of the occluder was significantly less in regions where the hyperintensity disappeared after withdrawal than in regions with persistent hyperintensity (p less than 0.002). The T2WI studies revealed few or no abnormalities, except after 2 hours of occlusion. The neurological outcome was significantly better in the 1-hour than in the 2-hour group (p less than 0.05). Postmortem infarct volume was significantly smaller in the 1-hour group than in the 2-hour group (p less than 0.05). The postwithdrawal DWI accurately predicted infarct size (R = 0.96, p less than 0.0001). The present study indicates that DWI can rapidly display not only irreversible but also reversible ischemic brain damage and enhances the importance of DWI as a diagnostic modality for stroke.
An affine invariant tensor dissimilarity measure and its applications to tensor-valued image segmentation

Tensor fields specifically, matrix valued data sets, have recently attracted increased attention in the fields of image processing, computer vision, visualization and medical imaging. In this paper, we present a novel definition of tensor "distance" grounded in concepts from information theory and incorporate it in the segmentation of tensor-valued images. In some applications, a symmetric positive definite (SPD) tensor at each point of a tensor valued image can be interpreted as the covariance matrix of a local Gaussian distribution. Thus, a natural measure of dissimilarity between SPD tensors would be the KL divergence or its relative. We propose the square root of the J-divergence (symmetrized KL) between two Gaussian distributions corresponding to the tensors being compared that leads to a novel closed form expression. Unlike the traditional Frobenius norm-based tensor distance, our "distance" is affine invariant, a desirable property in many applications. We then incorporate this new tensor "distance" in a region based active contour model for bimodal tensor field segmentation and show its application to the segmentation of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images (DT-MRI) as well as for the texture segmentation problem in computer vision. Synthetic and real data experiments are shown to depict the performance of the proposed model.
Automated synthesis of image processing procedures for a large-scale image database

This paper describes the Multimission VICAR Planner (MVP) system, which uses models of the image processing programs to automatically construct executable image processing procedures to fill science requests made to the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL). The MVP system allows the user to specify the image processing requirements in terms of the various types of correction required. Given this information, MVP which use Artificial Intelligence (AI) Planning techniques to derive unspecified required processing steps and determines appropriate image processing programs and parameters to achieve the specified image processing goals. This information is output as an executable image processing program which can then be executed to fill the processing request. >
Inactivation of cloned Na channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes

This study investigates the inactivation properties of Na channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes from two rat IIA Na channel cDNA clones differing by a single amino acid residue. Although the two cDNAs encode Na channels with substantially different activation properties (Auld, V. J., A. L. Goldin, D. S. Krafte, J. Marshall, J. M. Dunn, W. A. Catterall, H. A. Lester, N. Davidson, and R. J. Dunn. 1988. Neuron. 1:449-461), their inactivation properties resemble each other strongly but differ markedly from channels induced by poly(A+) rat brain RNA. Rat IIA currents inactivate more slowly, recover from inactivation more slowly, and display a steady-state voltage dependence that is shifted to more positive potentials. The macroscopic inactivation process for poly(A+) Na channels is defined by a single exponential time course; that for rat IIA channels displays two exponential components. At the single-channel level these differences in inactivation occur because rat IIA channels reopen several times during a depolarizing pulse; poly(A+) channels do not. Repetitive stimulation (greater than 1 Hz) produces a marked decrement in the rat IIA peak current and changes the waveform of the currents. When low molecular weight RNA is coinjected with rat IIA RNA, these inactivation properties are restored to those that characterize poly(A+) channels. Slow inactivation is similar for rat IIA and poly(A+) channels, however. The data suggest that activation and inactivation involve at least partially distinct regions of the channel protein.
Significance of predation by protists in aquatic microbial food webs.

Predation in aquatic microbial food webs is dominated by phagotrophic protists, yet these microorganisms are still understudied compared to bacteria and phytoplankton. In pelagic ecosystems, predaceous protists are ubiquitous, range in size from 2 µm flagellates to >100 µm ciliates and dinoflagellates, and exhibit a wide array of feeding strategies. Their trophic states run the gamut from strictly phagotrophic, to mixotrophic: partly autotrophic and partly phagotrophic, to primarily autotrophic but capable of phagotrophy. Protists are a major source of mortality for both heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria. They compete with herbivorous meso- and macro-zooplankton for all size classes of phytoplankton. Protist grazing may affect the rate of organic sinking flux from the euphotic zone. Protist excretions are an important source of remineralized nutrients, and of colloidal and dissolved trace metals such as iron, in aquatic systems. Work on predation by protists is being facilitated by methodological advances, e.g., molecular genetic analysis of protistan diversity and application of flow cytometry to study population growth and feeding rates. Examples of new research areas are studies of impact of protistan predation on the community structure of prey assemblages and of chemical communication between predator and prey in microbial food webs.
Race, Class and the Dilemmas of Upward Mobility for African Americans

We use the concept of intersectionality to explore the psychological meaning of social class and upward mobility in the lives African Americans. Throughout, we pay special attention to the context of education, a site which many Black Americans feel represents their best hope for upward mobility. Literature related to three themes is reviewed and discussed: (a) the history and significance of class divisions within the Black community, (b) experiences of educational institutions as entryways to upward mobility, and (c) the hidden costs of mobility. It is suggested that future research should address the intersection of gender with class and race, the relevance of class to racial identity, and the experience of downward mobility among Black Americans.
ISOLATION OF PREGNANEDIOL FROM HUMAN BILE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PROGESTERONE

INDIRECT evidence that the liver is the site of conversion of progesterone to pregnanediol has been presented by numerous workers using a variety of methods. Selye (1) noted a heightened anesthetic effect of progesterone administered to partially hepatectomized rats, compared to its effect in intact rats. Dosne (2) showed that pellets of progesterone implanted into the spleen of an estrogen-treated guinea pig were less antifibromatogenic than pellets of progesterone implanted subcutaneoiisly and concluded that the liver was the site of inactivation of progesterone. Kochakian, Hoskins, and Bruce (3) found in female rabbits that progesterone pellets implanted in the mesentery were less effective inproducing an endometrial response than pellets implanted subcutaneoiisly or in the muscle. Masson and Hoffman (4) found in rabbits that it required 200 mg. of progesterone by gavage to obtain a progestational effect comparable to that elicited by 0.25 to 0.5 mg. administered subcutaneoiisly. In the partially hepat...
Identify, isolate, inform: Background and considerations for Ebola virus disease preparedness in U.S. ambulatory care settings

Public health activities to identify and monitor persons at risk for Ebola virus disease in the United States include directing persons at risk to assessment facilities that are prepared to safely evaluate for Ebola virus disease. Although it is unlikely that a person with Ebola virus disease will unexpectedly present to a nonemergency ambulatory care facility, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have provided guidance for this setting that can be summarized as identify, isolate, and inform.
Flight formation of UAVs in presence of moving obstacles using fast-dynamic mixed integer linear programming

Abstract This paper proposes the implementation of fast-dynamic Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Path Smoother for efficient path planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in various flight formations. The UAVs taking part in a cooperative flight are assumed to be equipped with Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) which enables sharing the flight information with neighboring aircraft. The design and implementation of flights for various formations have been carried out in a generic manner such that multiple UAVs with arbitrarily geographically located base stations can take part in collision-free formation flight. The paper formulates the problem of path of planning in the framework of a novel fast-dynamic MILP and proposes a cost function that minimizes time and energy consumption. The paper presents elaborate construction of constraint equations to enforce the formation to visit pre-defined way-points and avoid the collisions with any intruder aircraft. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been verified and compared with respect to the standard MILP method via a number of simulations carried out using different scenarios featuring multiple UAVs flying in various formations.
Farmers' willingness to contract switchgrass as a cellulosic bioenergy crop in Kansas

Farmers' adoption of cellulosic biofuel feedstock enterprises plays an important role in the future of agriculture and the renewable fuels \industry. However, no set markets currently exist for bioenergy feedstocks outside of very localized geographic locations and farmers may be reluctant to produce the feedstocks without contracts that help mitigate uncertainty and risk. This study examines farmers' willingness to grow switchgrass under contract using a stated choice approach. Data were collected using an enumerated survey of Kansas farmers and analyzed using latent class logistic regression models. Farmers whose primary enterprise is livestock are less inclined to grow switchgrass. Shorter contracts, greater harvest flexibility, crop insurance, and cost-share assistance increase the likelihood that farmers will grow switchgrass for bioenergy production.
Effect of Clipping Wings and Tails in Chicks 2. Alteration of Methionine Requirements

Abstract METHIONINE, an indispensable amino acid for the normal growth and development of chicks (Klose and Almquist, 1941) has been shown to improve growth and feed efficiency when added to diets at levels of 0.05 to 0.4 percent (Featherston and Stephenson, 1960; Dean et al., 1960; Reed et al., 1954; and Douglas et al., 1957). The N.R.C. (1960) recommends either 0.8 percent methionine or not less than 0.45 percent methionine plus 0.35 percent cystine for diets containing 20 percent protein. Methionine requirements are influenced by several different factors. Griminger et al. (1954) noted an age response, in that methionine requirements up to 28 days of age did not exceed 0.33 percent of the diet when adequate quantities of cystine were available. Obviously this level is lower than the above-mentioned N.R.C. recommendations for starting chicks up to 8 weeks of age. According to Rosenberg and Baldini (1957) and Leong et al. (1959)…
Interior tomographic imaging of mouse heart in a carbon nanotube micro-CT

Background The relatively high radiation dose from micro-CT is a cause for concern in preclinical research involving animal subjects. Interior region-of-interest (ROI) imaging was proposed for dose reduction, but has not been experimentally applied in micro-CT. Objective Our aim is to implement interior ROI imaging in a carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source based micro-CT, and present the ROI image quality and radiation dose reduction for interior cardiac micro-CT imaging of a mouse heart in situ. Methods An aperture collimator was mounted at the source-side to induce a small-sized cone beam (10 mm width) at the isocenter. Interior in situ micro-CT scans were conducted on a mouse carcass and several micro-CT phantoms. A GPU-accelerated hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm was employed for volumetric image reconstruction. Radiation dose was measured for the same system operated at the interior and global micro-CT modes. Results Visual inspection demonstrated comparable image quality between two scan modes. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated high structural similarity index (up to 0.9614) with improved contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) on interior micro-CT mode. Interior micro-CT mode yielded significant reduction (up to 83.9%) for dose length product (DLP). Conclusions This work demonstrates the applicability of using CNT x-ray source based interior micro-CT for preclinical imaging with significantly reduced radiation dose.
β-Alkyl Elimination: Fundamental Principles and Some Applications

This review describes organometallic compounds and materials that are capable of mediating a rarely encountered but fundamentally important reaction: β-alkyl elimination at the metal–Cα–Cβ–R moiety, in which an alkyl group attached to the Cβ atom is transferred to the metal or to a coordinated substrate. The objectives of this review are to provide a cohesive fundamental understanding of β-alkyl-elimination reactions and to highlight its applications in olefin polymerization, alkane hydrogenolysis, depolymerization of branched polymers, ring-opening polymerization of cycloalkanes, and other useful organic reactions. To provide a coherent understanding of the β-alkyl elimination reaction, special attention is given to conditions and strategies used to facilitate β-alkyl-elimination/transfer events in metal-catalyzed olefin polymerization, which provide the well-studied examples.
Hospital Readmissions After Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation

Abstract Background Intestinal transplant recipients require frequent hospital readmission after a successful transplantation, but the reasons for readmission have not been characterized in detail. Methods We reviewed our single-center experience to characterize the patterns of readmissions and to identify preventable causes. Among 87 adult patients who received an intestinal or multivisceral transplant, 65 patients (35 males, 30 females; median age, 42 years [range, 19–66]) with a follow-up of at least 1 year were included in this study. Readmissions were defined as any unplanned inpatient hospital stay of 24 hours or longer occurring within 1 year after discharge from the transplantation admission and were classified as early ( Results Forty-four (68%) patients required early, and 59 (91%) patients required late readmission. A total of 333 readmissions (median, 4 readmissions/patient [0–20]) occurred within the first year post-transplantation; 69 were early (21%) and 264 were late (79%), resulting in a total of 4089 days of hospital stay (median, 7 days/readmission [2–136]). The three most frequent causes of readmission were dehydration, infection, and surgical complications. Conclusions These findings suggest that the rate of hospital readmission after intestinal transplantation could potentially be reduced by optimizing fluid balance and hydration status after discharge.
Continence after Radical Cystoprostatectomy and Total Bladder Replacement: A Urodynamic Analysis

AbstractUrodynamic evaluation was performed in 10 patients after radical cystoprostatectomy and continent urethral diversion with detubularized ileum and in 13 patients continent after radical prostatectomy. In both groups surgical techniques were modified to optimize preservation of the periurethral tissue at the prostatic apex. For the ileal neobladder group 9 patients (90%) were completely continent and 1 (10%) noticed moderate nocturnal incontinence. The urethral sphincteric mechanism was well preserved in these patients, with no significant difference between the 2 groups in mean functional urethral length (3.8 ± 0.6 versus 3.6 ± 0.8cm., p = 0.55) or maximal urethral closure pressure (87 ± 34 versus 74 ± 20cm. water, p = 0.26). Tubularization of the bladder or neobladder above the level of the external sphincter was noted in both groups. Continence after radical cystoprostatectomy with continent urethral diversion and after radical prostatectomy is dependent upon an intact urethral sphincteric mechan...
The dual components of mental health—Response

Reich suggests that we should look at other psychological outcomes. He posits that if we had examined positive psychological outcomes, we might have uncovered opposite effects. For example, happiness may have increased even though people were more depressed, anxious, and traumatized. Although we
Testing a Diffusion of Innovations in Education Model (DIEM)

Following is a report on a questionnaire study based on the Diffusion of Innovations in Education Model (DIEM), which synthesizes research on educational innovations. The social system under study included foreign language teacher educators in eleven Southeastern states (N=83). Regional foreign language teacher educators were targeted for gathering data regarding the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) Proficiency Guidelines (1986), a language teaching innovation. In analyzing results, inferential statistics tested the weight of some of the DIEM’s predictions about the nature of educational change. In terms of the model’s predictions, state mandates appear to hinder rather than facilitate adoption. However, results support the DIEM claim that innovation knowledge is associated with its adoption. While the DIEM provides conceptual clarity to research on change in educational settings, its usefulness as a way to explain and predict the success or failure of educational innovations in attaining adoption remains to be verified.
Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Acute Cough Associated With the Common Cold: CHEST Expert Panel Report

Background Acute cough associated with the common cold (CACC) causes significant impairment in quality of life. Effective treatment approaches are needed for CACC. We conducted a systematic review on the management of CACC to update the recommendations and suggestions of the CHEST 2006 guideline on this topic. Methods This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) asked the question: Is there evidence of clinically relevant treatment effects for pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic therapies in reducing the duration/severity of acute CACC? Studies of adults and pediatric patients with CACC were included and assessed for relevance and quality. Based on the systematic review, guideline suggestions were developed and voted on using the American College of Chest Physicians organization methodology. Results Six systematic reviews and four primary studies identified from updated literature searches for each of the reviews or from hand searching were included and reported data on 6,496 participants with CACC who received one or more of a variety of interventions. The studies used an assortment of descriptors and assessments to identify CACC. Conclusions The evidence supporting the management of CACC is overall of low quality. This document provides treatment suggestions based on the best currently available evidence and identifies gaps in our knowledge and areas for future research.
Social Media as a Public Sphere? Politics on Social Media

ABSTRACTSocial media platforms are popular sites, attracting millions of users who connect digitally. This has prompted some to argue that social media has promoted the return of Habermas’s ([1989] 1991) public sphere. We use data from in-depth interviews with Millennials and Generation Xers to refute this claim. Specifically, our results suggest that respondents do not engage in communicative action typical of the public sphere because they avoid political discourse online. Three factors influence this: (1) fear of online harassment and workplace surveillance; (2) engagement only with politically similar others; and (3) characterization of social media as a place for “happy” interactions. In addition, we find that these three factors interrelate, often sequentially, and we explore similarities and minor differences between Millennials and Generation Xers regarding each factor.
Chronic and Daily Stressors Along With Negative Affect Interact to Predict Daily Tiredness

The present study examines the within-person relationship of daily stressors and tiredness and whether this depends on daily negative affect and individual differences in chronic stress. One hundre...
Effect of Bi substitution on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ni50Mn35In15-xBix Heusler alloys

The structural, magnetic, magnetocaloric, and transport properties of Ni50Mn35In15-xBix (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5) compounds has been studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetization measurements. A mixture of high temperature austenite phase (AP) and low temperature martensitic phase (MP) was observed from the XRD at room temperature. The saturation magnetization MS at 10 K was found to decrease with increasing Bi content. A shift in the martensitic transition temperature (TM) relative to the parent compound was observed with a maximum shift of ∼ 36 K for x = 1.5. Abnormal shifts in TC and TM to higher temperatures were observed at high field for x ≥ 0.5. Large magnetic entropy changes (ΔSM) of about 40 J/kg K (x = 0) and 34 J/kg K (x = 0.25) were observed at TM with H = 5 T, which reduced significantly for higher Bi concentrations. The doping of small amounts of Bi in the In sites increased the peak width of the ΔSM curves at the second order transition, lead...
Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modify Microglial Response and Improve Clinical Outcomes in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury.

No current clinical intervention can alter the course of acute spinal cord injury (SCI), or appreciably improve neurological outcome. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the injury sequelae of SCI largely via paracrine effects, although the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. One potential modality is through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we investigate whether systemic administration of EVs isolated from human MSCs (MSCEv) has the potential to be efficacious as an alternative to cell-based therapy for SCI. Additionally, we investigate whether EVs isolated from human MSCs stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines have enhanced anti-inflammatory effects when administered after SCI. Immunohistochemistry supported the quantitative analysis, demonstrating a diminished inflammatory response with apparent astrocyte and microglia disorganization in cord tissue up to 10 mm caudal to the injury site. Locomotor recovery scores showed significant improvement among animals treated with MSCEv. Significant increases in mechanical sensitivity threshold were observed in animals treated with EVs from either naive MSC (MSCEvwt) or stimulated MSC (MSCEv+), with a statistically significant increase in threshold for MSCEv+-treated animals when compared to those that received MSCEvwt. In conclusion, these data show that treatment of acute SCI with extracellular vesicles derived from human MSCs attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery.
What did you say about my mother? The complexities of maternally derived chemical signatures in otoliths

Connecting maternal migratory behavior with the behavior and ecology of their progeny can reveal important details in the ecology of a population. One method for linking maternal migration to early...
Design and implementation of one low-cost 2-D humanoid robot based on body control technology

Nowadays, humanoid robots are playing an important role in daily life, such as industry, medical care, military, agriculture and rescue, etc. Many scientists make much effort to develop artificial intelligence so that the robot can become better. However, the manufacturing cost usually is very expensive. In this paper, based on body control technology we hence try to design and develop one low-cost humanoid robot. Kinect, Arduino, and Processing are used to implement motion capture and control the humanoid robot. Further, in this work one 2-D humanoid robot are firstly to achieve this target. Experimental result shows that our proposed 2-D humanoid robots can really process the instant image and make synchronized motion. In other words, in existing literature our low-cost humanoid robots present higher efficiency in imaging sensor. In further work, we will extend our control technology in the 3-D humanoid robot domain.
Maximizing cancer risk reduction efforts: addressing multiple risk factors simultaneously.

There is emerging evidence that suggests that multiple risk factor interventions may be effective strategies for improving overall cancer risk in U.S. adults. Further research is needed to determine the optimal intervention approaches, the cost-effectiveness of multiple risk factor interventions, and the long-term impact of multiple risk factor change on cancer morbidity and mortality.
Perceptuomotor coordination in infancy.

This chapter reviews and discusses recent research and thinking about infant perceptuo-motor coordination, according to the Piagetian and Gibsonian theoretical positions. Coordination within as well as across perceptuo-motor systems are considered. Developmental changes are examined in the following perceptuomotor systems: Oculomotor, vision and posture, auditory-motor, audition and prehension, and vision and prehension. In conclusion, future directions for research are suggested.
Significance of the Nonuniqueness of Neoclassical Direct Utility Functions Especially When they are Empirically Confirmed

Whenever a neoclassical direct utility function is in close (even perfect) agreement with consumer behavior data, there is always an alternative direct utility function that agrees at least as closely with the same data. Existence of this equally well (if not better) fitting alternative to such a neoclassical direct utility function has considerable significance for the rational conduct of potential problem analysis in the policymaking arena. [We shall give an important example later in this note.] However the nonuniqueness of the neoclassical utility function on empirical data is rarely mentioned in the literature of economic theory, it appears to be little understood among economists generally, and most doctoral students are never told about it in advanced economic theory courses.
Assessment of Syncope

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can manifest syncope during the course of their disease. This chapter reviews three etiologies of syncope in these patients: arrhythmogenic causes (bradycardia and tachycardia), left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and neurocardiogenic causes. An approach to the evaluation of the syncope in terms of etiology, diagnosis, and recommended treatment is presented.
Autoantibodies and Biomarker Discovery

There is growing evidence for the contribution of immune pathogenesis to many systemic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurologic disorders. To understand the functional consequences of immune dysregulation, biomarkers are needed that detect subtle antigen-specific changes within the normal variation of immune responses. Recent advances in proteomic methodologies have resulted in accurate measurements of antigen-specific autoantibodies. These autoantibodies target self-antigens due to abnormalities in protein expression or structure that are associated with disease. Antibodies have been detected using diverse methods of antigen display, including phage display, multidimensional cell fractionation, protein arrays, and peptide and peptoid arrays. Next-generation sequencing of cDNA from disease tissue is providing an even broader source of potential autoantigens due to mutations and splice variation. In addition to their use for clinical diagnostics, the breadth and the specificity of the immune response provides insight into the role of immune regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Inflammatory signals from fat: Visfatin promotes pro-inflammatory activation and leukocyte interaction in endothelial cells

Obesity is a global epidemic and is associated with a cluster of metabolic diseases that lead to premature mortality. Research in the past decade suggests that chronic, low-grade inflammation – a hallmark of obesity, is a major contributing factor for the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Evidence suggests that obesity leads to abnormal levels of adipokines, which is linked to insulin resistance and inflammation of the adipose tissue. Visfatin, an adipokine predominantly secreted by visceral adipose tissue and that circulates at increased levels in obesity has been associated with several inflammatory disorders and cancer. Whether visfatin functions as a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factor is still a subject of debate. We investigated the effect of visfatin on human endothelial cells at the level of gene expression, cytokine release, and interaction with leukocytes in vitro . We found that visfatin upregulates the gene expression of the cytokines – CCL2, IL6, GM-CSF, CXCL2, and CXCL8 (p
BEAM or BUCYVP16-conditioning regimen for autologous stem-cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is an effective salvage therapy for patients with relapsed chemosensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). However, the optimal conditioning regimen is unclear. Different conditioning regimens prior to AHCT have been used with the two most common being BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) and BUCYVP16 (busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide). We sought to compare the two regimens for patients with relapsed NHL undergoing AHCT. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of patients treated with BEAM (N = 269) at The Ohio State University and BUCYVP16 (N = 409) at the Cleveland Clinic followed by AHCT between 2006 and 2014. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). Patient characteristics between the two groups were similar. After a median follow-up of 3.9 years for BEAM and 4.3 years for BUCYVP16 from AHCT, the rate of relapse (p = 0.69), PFS (p = 0.52), and OS (p = 0.11) were similar between the two conditioning regimens. No differences in survival outcomes were seen in disease subtypes. Multivariable analysis showed significant association toward improved OS with BEAM (HR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.10) (p < 0.01). Even though the study is limited by its retrospective nature and some differences in cohort, the findings indicate that BEAM could serve as an alternative conditioning regimen prior to AHCT for NHL.
Evaluating the effectiveness of performance management: A 30-year integrative conceptual review.

This integrative conceptual review is based on a critical need in the area of performance management (PM), where there remain important unanswered questions about the effectiveness of PM that affect both research and practice. In response, we create a theoretically grounded, comprehensive, and integrative model for understanding and measuring PM effectiveness, comprising multiple categories of evaluative criteria and the underlying mechanisms that link them. We then review more than 30 years (1984-2018) of empirical PM research vis-a-vis this model, leading to conclusions about what the literature has studied and what we do and do not know about PM effectiveness as a result. The final section of this article further elucidates the key "value chains" or mediational paths that explain how and why PM can add value to organizations, framed around three pressing questions with both theoretical and practical importance (How do individual-level outcomes of PM emerge to become unit-level outcomes? How essential are positive reactions to the overall effectiveness of PM? and What is the value of a performance rating?). This discussion culminates in specific propositions for future research and implications for practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Cyanobiont diversity in six Azolla spp. and relation to Azolla-nutrient profiling.

Illumina-Miseq®-based cyanobiont diversity and biomass were analyzed in six Azolla spp. Results revealed that 93–98% of total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belong to Nostacaceae followed by Cylindrospermopsis with about 1–6% OTUs. The taxonomy of Azolla-cyanobiont is a long-term debate within the scientific community. Morphological and biochemical-based reports indicated the presence of Anabaena, Nostoc and/or Trichormus azollae as abundant Azolla-cyanobionts, however, molecular data did not support the abundance of Anabaena and/or Nostoc. To understand furthermore, the cyanobiont diversity in six species of Azolla (A. microphylla, A. mexicana, A. filiculoides, A. caroliniana, A. pinnata and A. rubra) was analyzed based on 16S rRNA Illumina-MiSeq sequencing. Additionally, biomass and nutrient profiling of Azolla spp. were analyzed and correlated with cyanobiont diversity. Illumina-MiSeq data revealed that 99.6–99.9% of total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonged to Nostocophycideae (class), Nostocales (order) and Nostacaceae (family). At genus level, the unassigned affiliation (93.4–97.9%) under Nostacaceae family was abundant followed by Cylindrospermopsis OTUs (1.1–6.0%). Interestingly, A. pinnata harboured maximum Cylindrospermopsis OTUs and also recorded higher biomass (40.67 g m−2 day−1), whereas crude protein (25.9%) and antioxidants (76.9%) were recorded to be higher in A. microphylla. Biplot analysis revealed that A. pinnata and its cyanobiont abundance were positively correlated with neutral and acid detergent fibers. Overall, the present findings deepened the understanding about cyanobiont in Azolla and its relations with Azolla nutrient profiling.
Grazing control and iron limitation of primary production in the Arabian Sea: Implications for anticipated shifts in Southwest Monsoon intensity

Abstract The Arabian Sea is important in global biogeochemistry because of its high rates of primary production, its extensive zone of oxygen depletion and denitrification, and its expected strong response to global warming via ocean-atmosphere feedbacks to monsoon winds and upwelling intensity. Monsoon-driven upwelling leads to higher rates of primary production during the summer. However, the Arabian Sea paradoxically produces a weak and delayed phytoplankton response compared to other physically dynamic upwelling systems, and indeed has many of the characteristics of a high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) regime. Thick blooms of large diatoms are uniquely not evident in the Arabian Sea despite apparently abundant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate), seed stocks and hydrographic conditions that appear conducive. The subdued bloom response shifts carbon export offshore of the coastal upwelling area and delays major flux events until the latter stages of the SW Monsoon. While the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study in the Arabian Sea concluded that these observations can be explained by top-down control of primary production by grazers, recent data suggest that primary production may be limited by iron, consistent with other upwelling regimes. In this review, we examine the evidence for each hypothesis and offer some explanations that are consistent with both control mechanisms. We also assess how each hypothesis might explain how shifts in monsoon intensity and duration associated with climate change will affect Arabian Sea biogeochemistry. A strengthening monsoon will exacerbate iron limitation. This will lead to an eastward shift in the utilization of upwelled nutrients and intensify the oxygen minimum zone. A weakening monsoon will probably make iron limitation less important in the system.
Differential effects of decentralization on income inequality: evidence from developed and developing countries

Using a panel data set of OECD and non-OECD countries spanning from 1980 to 2016, we investigate the effects of decentralization on income inequality. Unlike prior literature, we examine the effects of fiscal, administrative, and political decentralization on inequality both individually and in interaction. Moreover, we test for a moderating effect of economic development using the Human Development Index. We find that decentralization reduces income inequality, but the effect diminishes and eventually reverses as economic development increases, suggesting that there exists a threshold at which the equality gains of decentralization are realized. We also find that the threshold of development at which greater decentralization no longer reduces inequality is lower for non-OECD countries than for OECD countries. In addition, the results suggest that the marginal effect of a given dimension of decentralization on income inequality depends on the level of decentralization in other dimensions. These findings imply that the overall decentralization mix is important for income inequality, and both a country’s current stage in development and underlying institutional framework should be considered when determining the decentralization mix, especially if reducing income inequality is a main objective.
Greek Subject and Name Authorities, and the Library of Congress

Some international libraries are still using the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition revised, for cataloging even though the Library of Congress and other large libraries have retired it i...
Recommendation for video advertisements based on personality traits and companion content

People encounter video ads every day when they access online content. While ads can be annoying or greeted with resistance, they can also be seen as informative and enjoyable. We asked the question, what might make an ad more enjoyable? And, do people with different personality traits prefer to watch different ads --- could it be possible to better match ads and people? To answer these questions, we conducted an online study where we asked people to watch video ads of different emotional sentiments. We also measured their personality traits through an online survey. We found that the sentiment of people's preferred video ads varies significantly based on their personality traits. Additionally, we investigated when these ads are accompanied by content, how the emotional state induced by accompanying content affects people's ad preferences. We found that there was a complex relationship between people's emotional state induced by accompanying content and their ad preference when an ad highlighted either an alertness or calmness sentiment. However, when an ad highlighted activeness and amusement, the relationship was not significant. Overall, our results show that people's personality traits and their emotional states are two key elements that predict the tone of their preferred video ads.
Art and Our Surrounds: Emergent and Residual Languages

This essay undertakes a review of recent books by T.J. Demos (Decolonizing Nature: Contemporary Art and the Politics of Ecology (2016) and Against the Anthropocene: Visual Culture and Environment T...
An Intersectional Physics Identity Framework for Studying Physics Settings

This chapter reports on research featuring three women physics majors of color who had generally positive things to say about their experiences in physics. This chapter presents data that helps us to understand the physics identity which is available in a setting where women of color feel particularly successful, and how that identity is accessible to women of color. Drawing on intersectionality theory and utilizing a Patricia Hill Collins’ Domains-of-Power Framework, this chapter considers how identities of successful women physics majors of color align with or how they contest wider patterns in physics and in society.
A genome-wide association study of interhemispheric theta EEG coherence: implications for neural connectivity and alcohol use behavior.

Aberrant connectivity of large-scale brain networks has been observed among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) as well as in those at risk, suggesting deficits in neural communication between brain regions in the liability to develop AUD. Electroencephalographical (EEG) coherence, which measures the degree of synchrony between brain regions, may be a useful measure of connectivity patterns in neural networks for studying the genetics of AUD. In 8810 individuals (6644 of European and 2166 of African ancestry) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we performed a Multi-Trait Analyses of genome-wide association studies (MTAG) on parietal resting-state theta (3–7 Hz) EEG coherence, which previously have been associated with AUD. We also examined developmental effects of GWAS findings on trajectories of neural connectivity in a longitudinal subsample of 2316 adolescent/young adult offspring from COGA families (ages 12–30) and examined the functional and clinical significance of GWAS variants. Six correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms located in a brain-expressed lincRNA (ENSG00000266213) on chromosome 18q23 were associated with posterior interhemispheric low theta EEG coherence (3–5 Hz). These same variants were also associated with alcohol use behavior and posterior corpus callosum volume, both in a subset of COGA and in the UK Biobank. Analyses in the subsample of COGA offspring indicated that the association of rs12954372 with low theta EEG coherence occurred only in females, most prominently between ages 25 and 30 (p < 2 × 10-9). Converging data provide support for the role of genetic variants on chromosome 18q23 in regulating neural connectivity and alcohol use behavior, potentially via dysregulated myelination. While findings were less robust, genome-wide associations were also observed with rs151174000 and parieto-frontal low theta coherence, rs14429078 and parieto-occipital interhemispheric high theta coherence, and rs116445911 with centro-parietal low theta coherence. These novel genetic findings highlight the utility of the endophenotype approach in enhancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying addiction susceptibility.