cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress management through progressive relaxation

Stress management programs often tell onewhat to do but nothow to do it. They also sometimes offer prescriptions that are (1) circular tautologies, (2) dualistic in holding that nonphysical mental events can control physical behavior, and (3) excessively simplistic in that they only consider limited systems of the body. In contrast, Sechenov's paradigm to control behavior (the “how”) is that some bodily event can control other bodily events. Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation (PR) provides the strategies and tactics for such self-control, principally through covert speech and eye responses that can be electrically measured. Applications of PR are for preventive and therapeutic purposes when one must adapt to, rather than change, stressors. The practice of PR naturally leads to control over emotional behavior and achievement of such stress management purposes as managing time well, setting priorities and efficiently reaching both short and long term goals. One long term purpose is to develop harmonious relationships, as in the workplace.
Aural Souvenirs: temporal disruption and formal coherence in John Zorn's Cat O' Nine Tails

Commissioned by the Kronos Quartet in 1988, Zorn’s string quartet Cat O’ Nine Tails originated as a “filecard composition”, but was eventually assembled as a conventionally notated score. Subtitled “Tex Avery directs the Marquis de Sade,” the fifteen-minute work combines a variety of musical quotes, stylistic allusions, improvisational episodes, and noise elements in a frenetic and dramatic musical collage. A continuous play of fragmented and disjunctive referentiality, Cat O Nine Tails exemplifies late twentieth century postmodernism. This paper provides an analysis of the musical structure of Cat O’ Nine Tails. By applying music theorist Jonathan D. Kramer’s hierarchy of linearity and nonlinearity as an analytical model, I attempt to address Zorn’s idiosyncratic approach to time and context, and discuss how the composer simultaneously disrupts and maintains structural integrity and compositional intent. Keywords: John Zorn; Cat O’ Nine Tails; Music for string quartet; Jonathan D. Kramer; Postmodernism in music; Moment form.
Comparison of Laboratory Methods and an In Situ Method for Estimating Nitrogen Mineralization in an Irrigated Silt-Loam Soil

Nitrogen (N) mineralization makes a considerable contribution to crop- available N and is difficult to estimate. Reliable methods for measuring N mineraliz- ation are needed to produce data sets for developing N-mineralization models, as a component in fertilizer recommendation algorithms, and to assess the effect of manage- ment practices on N mineralization. Numerous methods are available for estimating N mineralization. Laboratory methods are relatively easy but may not reflect conditions in the field, and field methods are usually labor-intensive. A study was conducted to compare N-mineralization estimates using anaerobic and aerobic laboratory methods and an in situ field method for the 0- to 15-cm depth of a silt loam soil under irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). Mineralization estimates were also compared to N min- eralization based on crop N content. Estimates of N mineralization were 101 kg ha 21 for the anaerobic laboratory method, 284 kg ha 21 for the aerobic laboratory method, and 134 kg ha 21 for the in situ field method. The in situ field method provided a reason- able estimate of N mineralization (0 to 15 cm) when compared to the estimate of miner- alized N (root zone) based on crop N content (215 kg ha 21 ). The in situ field method can be used to measure N mineralization during the growing season and for comparing N mineralization among management practices.
Flux Tailoring Of Permanent Maenetic Solenoids

Remedies for various deleterious effects on the fields of permanent magnet solenoids arising from practically necessary structural compromises are discussed, and means of meeting some common mutually contradictory technical requirements are suggested. Among them are reduction of flux leakage by an order of magnitude, remedies for problems caused by access holes, provision of field-free regions within the magnetic structures for field sensitive components and elimination of unwanted partial shielding due to iron pole pieces. >
Children's Attributions for Success and Failure: Effects of Age and Attentional Focus.

This study was an assessment of how children's achievement attributions were influenced by their age, attentional focus, gender, and success or failure experience. Older and younger elementary school children performed a memory task under either self-focusing or task-focusing instructions. After performance, half of the children in each condition were given success feedback and the other half failure feedback. Attributions for performance were then obtained. In the success condition, children judged effort to be the most important cause of their performance, whereas children in the failure condition attributed their performance mostly to the difficulty of the task and their inability to remember the story. Older children in the self-focus condition attributed success more to internal causes than did older children in the task-focus condition. Younger children attributed both success and failure more to luck than did older children. Few sex differences in attributions were obtained. Achievement attributions have significant consequences for subsequent achievement motivation and behavior; attributing success to one's ability and failure to lack of effort promotes positive achievement motivation and behavior, whereas attributing success to external factors such as task ease and failure to lack of ability has negative consequences (Weiner, 1979). Many researchers have assessed the development of children's attributions for achievement successes and failures (see Frieze, 1981, for a review). In general, these studies show that children under age 8 tend to confuse different causes such as ability and effort. By age 12 or 13, children's attributions seem quite similar to those of adults. Though we have learned much about general developmental changes in children's attributions, we know less about how different performance conditions influence children's attributions. One performance condition that has greatly interested so
Toward Functionalism in Political Science: The Case of Innovation in Party Systems

In the life of all organizations there seems to be a general tendency toward a state of affairs called “equilibrium” by the favorably disposed and “rigidity” by the disaffected. Once the internal processes of an organization have become routine and its relations to the outside world have become stabilized, a kind of inertia seems to set in. The prevailing patterns are seen as good by the members. Identification involves a good deal of resistance to change. But if this is true of organizations, certain conditions also provide incentives for innovation.All stable organizations are in a continual process of adaptation. Innovation is that part of the process which is deliberate, self-conscious adaptation. Activities are innovative if they are attempts to change the organization and its environment in keeping with policies thought out in advance of the attempt. Innovation is not to be confused with liberalism or reform. The antonym for innovation is “consolidation,” not conservatism. Liberalism and conservatism are postures toward the kinds of changes required. To have no policy at all for changing things or to have a policy against changing things is to be neither liberal nor conservative; it is to be non-innovative or consolidative.
Multifunctional PEGylated 2C5-immunoliposomes containing pH-sensitive bonds and TAT peptide for enhanced tumor cell internalization and cytotoxicity.

pH-sensitive PEGylated (with PEG-PE) long-circulating liposomes (HSPC:cholesterol and Doxil®), modified with cell-penetrating TAT peptide (TATp) moieties and cancer-specific mAb 2C5 were prepared. A degradable pH-sensitive hydrazone bond between a long shielding PEG chains and PE (PEG2k-Hz-PE) was introduced. TATp was conjugated with a short PEG1k-PE spacer and mAb 2C5 was attached to a long PEG chain (2C5-PEG3.4k-PE). The “shielding” effect of TATp by long PEG chains was investigated using three liposomal models. At normal pH, surface TATp moieties are “hidden” by the long PEG chains. Upon the exposure to lowered pH, this multifunctional carrier exposes TATp moieties after the degradation of the hydrazone bond and removal of the long PEG chains. Enhanced cellular uptake of the TATp-containing immunoliposomes was observed in vitro after pre-treatment at lowered pH (using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy techniques). The presence of mAb 2C5 on the liposome surface further enhanced the interaction between the carrier and tumor cells but not normal cells. Furthermore, multifunctional immuno-Doxil® preparation showed increased cellular cytotoxicity of B16-F10, HeLa and MCF-7 cells when pre-incubated at lower pH, indicating TATp exposure and activity. In conclusion, a multifunctional immunoliposomal nanocarrier containing a pH-sensitive PEG-PE component, TATp, and the cancer cell-specific mAb 2C5 promotes enhanced cytotoxicity and carrier internalization by cancer cells and demonstrates the potential for intracellular drug delivery after exposure to lowered pH environment, typical of solid tumors.
Does Gender Moderate Factors Associated with Whether Spouses Are the Sole Providers of IADL Care to Their Partners

We explored whether gender moderated the influence of other factors on solo spousal caregiving. The subsample (N = 452) from the AHEAD study included elderly care recipients (CRs) receiving IADL assistance and their spouses. Logistic regression modeled the likelihood of solo spousal IADL care. Gender moderation was tested by product terms between CRs’ gender and measures of partners’ health, potential helpers, and sociodemographic characteristics. As numbers of CRs’ IADLs and couples’ proximate daughters increased, wives less often received care solely from their husbands, but husbands’ receipt of care from their wives was unaffected. Age differences between spouses and CRs affected solo spousal caregiving to wives and husbands in opposite ways. Regardless of gender, CRs’ number of ADL limitations and spouses with IADL or ADL limitations reduced the likelihood of solo spouse care. Identifying circumstances influencing solo spouse caregiving differently among couples with frail wives and husbands facilitates gender sensitive services.
Evaluating Rater Accuracy in Performance Assessments.

A new method for evaluating rater accuracy within the context of performance assessments is described. Accuracy is defined as the match between ratings obtained from operational raters and those obtained from an expert panel on a set of benchmark, exemplar, or anchor performances. An extended Rasch measurement model called the FACETS model is presented for examining rater accuracy. The FACETS model is illustrated with 373 benchmark papers rated by 20 operational raters and an expert panel. The data are from the 1993field test of the High School Graduation Writing Test in Georgia. The data suggest that there are statistically significant differences in rater accuracy; the data also suggest that it is easier to be accurate on some benchmark papers than on others. A small example is presented to illustrate how the accuracy ordering of raters may not be invariant over different subsets of benchmarks used to evaluate accuracy.
A novel N-terminal extension in mitochondrial TRAP1 serves as a thermal regulator of chaperone activity

Hsp90 is a conserved chaperone that facilitates protein homeostasis. Our crystal structure of the mitochondrial Hsp90, TRAP1, revealed an extension of the N-terminal β-strand previously shown to cross between protomers in the closed state. In this study, we address the regulatory function of this extension or 'strap' and demonstrate its responsibility for an unusual temperature dependence in ATPase rates. This dependence is a consequence of a thermally sensitive kinetic barrier between the apo 'open' and ATP-bound 'closed' conformations. The strap stabilizes the closed state through trans-protomer interactions. Displacement of cis-protomer contacts from the apo state is rate-limiting for closure and ATP hydrolysis. Strap release is coupled to rotation of the N-terminal domain and dynamics of the nucleotide binding pocket lid. The strap is conserved in higher eukaryotes but absent from yeast and prokaryotes suggesting its role as a thermal and kinetic regulator, adapting Hsp90s to the demands of unique cellular and organismal environments.
Human genes encoding U3 snRNA associate with coiled bodies in interphase cells and are clustered on chromosome 17p11.2 in a complex inverted repeat structure

Coiled bodies (CBs) are nuclear organelles whose morphological structure and molecular composition have been conserved from plants to animals. Furthermore, CBs are often found to co-localize with specific DNA loci in both mammalian somatic nuclei and amphibian oocytes. Much as rDNA sequences are called nucleolus organizers, we term these coiled body-associated sequences 'coiled body organizers' (CBORs). The only sequences that have been shown to be CBORs in human cells are the U1, U2 and histone gene loci. We wanted to determine whether other snRNA genes might also act as CBORs. In this paper we show that human U3 genes (the RNU3 locus) preferentially associate with CBs in interphase cells. In addition, we have analyzed the genomic organization of the RNU3 locus by constructing a BAC and P1 clone contig. We found that, unlike the RNU1 and RNU2 loci, U3 genes are not tandemly repeated. Rather, U3 genes are clustered on human chromosome 17p11.2, with evidence for large inverted duplications within the cluster. Thus all of the CBORs identified to date are composed of either tandemly repeated or tightly clustered genes. The evolutionary and cell biological consequences of this type of organization are discussed.
Metrics for Automated Review Classification: What Review Data Show

Peer review is only effective if reviews are of high quality. In a large class, it is unrealistic for the course staff to evaluate all reviews, so a scalable assessment mechanism is needed. In an automated system, several metrics can be calculated for each review. One of these metrics is volume, which is simply the number of distinct words used in the review. Another is tone, which can be positive (e.g., praise), negative (e.g., disapproval), or neutral. A third is content, which we divide into three subtypes: summative, advisory, and problem detection. These metrics can be used to rate reviews, either singly or in combination. This paper compares the automated metrics for hundreds of reviews from the Expertiza system with scores manually assigned by the course staff. Almost all of the automatic metrics are positively correlated with manually assigned scores, but many of the correlations are weak. Another issue is how the review rubric influences review content. A more detailed rubric draws the reviewer’s attention to more characteristics of an author’s work. But ultimately, the author will benefit most from advisory or problem detection review text. And filling out a long rubric may distract the reviewer from providing textual feedback to the author. The data fail to show clear evidence that this effect occurs.
Adoption of agricultural and animal husbandry practices by the Tharu tribe

The study was conducted to measure the extent of adoption of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry practices among the Tharu tribe and revealed that majority of the beneficiaries & non-beneficiaries were found to had medium level of overall adoption of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry practices. There was a remarkable cent percent adoption of major Agricultural and Animal Husbandry practices among the Tharu tribe but some of the practices could not be adopted upto a desired level. The Agricultural and Animal Husbandry practices viz., seed treatment, insect and pest control, A. H., pregnancy diagnosis, mineral mixture feeding and regular dowering were adopted to a poor extent. The A. H. practices such as dethroning and test for mastitis were not adopted by any farmer of both the categories.
Characterization of a Phantom Setup for Breast Conserving Cancer Surgery

The purpose of this work is to develop an anatomically and mechanically representative breast phantom for the validation of breast conserving surgical therapies, specifically, in this case, image guided surgeries. Using three patients scheduled for lumpectomy and four healthy volunteers in mock surgical presentations, the magnitude, direction, and location of breast deformations was analyzed. A phantom setup was then designed to approximate such deformations in a mock surgical environment. Specifically, commercially available and custom-built polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) phantoms were used to mimic breast tissue during surgery. A custom designed deformation apparatus was then created to reproduce deformations seen in typical clinical setups of the pre- and intra-operative breast geometry. Quantitative analysis of the human subjects yielded a positive correlation between breast volume and amount of breast deformation. Phantom results reflected similar behavior with the custom-built PVA phantom outperforming the commercial phantom.
Recent advances and future development on lynch syndrome-associated endometrial cancer

Lynch综合征(Lynch syndrome,LS)又称作遗传性非息肉状结直肠癌(hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer,HNPCC),属常染色体显性遗传性疾病,由DNA错配修复(mismatch repair,MMR)基因突变引起,发病率占结直肠癌的2％ ～ 5％ [1-2].前期的研究多集中在LS相关结直肠癌,在基因水平和预防性研究中取得了较大进展.近年来,越来越多的证据显示在LS妇女中,发生子宫内膜癌的风险为40％ ～ 60％,达到甚至超过结直肠癌(49％),已作为首发肿瘤受到临床重视[3].以往临床医师先从年龄和家族史开始筛查,对怀疑的病例直接进行基因检测,但这样做是针对基因位点的特异性检测,会产生高昂的医疗费用。
The Reconstitution of Actin Polymerization on Liposomes

Membrane-associated actin polymerization is of considerable interest due to its role in cell migration and the motility of intracellular organelles. Intensive research efforts are underway to investigate the physiological role of membrane-associated actin as well as the regulation and mechanics of actin assembly. Branched actin polymerization on membranes is catalyzed by the Arp2/3 complex. Signaling events leading to the activation of the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Cdc42 stimulate Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization. We have studied the role of Cdc42 at the Golgi apparatus in part by reconstituting actin polymerization on isolated Golgi membranes and on liposomes. In this manner, we showed that cytosolic proteins are sufficient for actin assembly on a phospholipid bilayer. Here we describe methods for the cell-free reconstitution of membrane-associated actin polymerization using liposomes and brain cytosol.
Exploring a Novel Ultrafine Particle Counter for Utilization in Respiratory Protection Studies

In this study, a novel portable ultrafine particle counter developed at the University of Cincinnati was tested against a conventional condensation particle counter (CPC, TSI Inc.) for evaluating the efficiency of respiratory protection devices. The experiments were conducted with elastomeric respirators donned on a breathing manikin using combustion particles as challenge aerosols. A favorable agreement between the two data sets on the particle penetration efficiency was observed (slope ≈ 1.16, R2 ≈ 0.99; paired t-test: p-value = 0.91), suggesting that the new counter produced meaningful data comparable to a conventional CPC instrument.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes in Patients with Systemic Cancer

Background Single-center studies suggest that patients with cancer have similar outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared to patients without cancer. However, these studies were limited by small sample sizes and high rates of intratumoral hemorrhage. Our hypothesis was that systemic cancer patients without brain involvement fare worse after ICH than patients without cancer. Methods We identified all patients diagnosed with spontaneous ICH from 2002 to 2011 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Our predictor variable was systemic cancer. Our primary outcome was discharge disposition, dichotomized into favorable discharge (home/self-care or rehabilitation) or unfavorable discharge (nursing facility, hospice, or death). We used logistic regression to compare outcomes and performed secondary analyses by cancer subtype (i.e., nonmetastatic solid tumors, nonmetastatic hematologic tumors, and metastatic solid or hematologic tumors). Results Among 597,046 identified ICH patients, 22,394 (3.8%) had systemic cancer. Stroke risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were more common in patients without cancer, whereas anticoagulant use and higher Charlson comorbidity scores were more common among cancer patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital-level characteristics, patients with cancer had higher odds of death (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.56-1.69) and lower odds of favorable discharge (OR .59, 95% CI .56-.63) than patients without cancer. Among cancer groups, patients with nonmetastatic hematologic tumors and those with metastatic disease fared the worst. Conclusions Patients with systemic cancer have higher mortality and less favorable discharge outcomes after ICH than patients without cancer. Cancer subtype may influence outcomes after ICH.
Embedding Projection for Query Understanding

Learning reliable embeddings requires large data and is not trivial to be adapted to specific tasks due to certain constraints. For queries, the lack of sufficient context can prohibit learning quality representations and thus effective query understanding. We propose to project embeddings from a source space learned with natural language into a target space on queries. The projection function is learned via an overlap vocabulary set shared by both source and target spaces. Experimental results show that both linear and nonlinear embedding projections can help query intent classification and query slot tagging, even when the amount of data used for learning the projection is limited.
Voice Outcomes in Surgical Repair of Zenker’s Diverticulum

The purpose of the study was to define the impact of Zenker’s diverticula on voice and potential benefit from repair. Retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data from eleven patients with a Zenker’s diverticulum treated surgically in a tertiary care center from November 2014 through January 2016. The voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10) and eating assessment tool-10 (EAT-10) questionnaires were collected as part of pre- and post-operative evaluation, with an average post-operative follow-up of 69 days. Surgical techniques included: trans-oral endoscopic diverticulotomy with laser assistance, or trans-cervical approach with diverticulopexy or diverticulectomy. The primary outcome was subjective voice improvement. Secondary outcome was swallowing function improvement. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks and Mann–Whitney U tests. In patients undergoing surgical treatment of Zenker’s diverticula, there is a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.001) in patient-reported dysphagia symptoms measured by the EAT-10. There is also a clinically relevant improvement in subjective voice quality (average pre-operative total 6.55, post-operative 2.09, p = 0.022) as measured by the VHI-10. Many patients suffering from Zenker’s diverticula experience subjective voice handicap. Most note improvement in voice quality post-operatively, which we were able to quantify using the voice handicap index. We consider this a relevant consideration in pre-operative evaluation.
From EDUPUNK to Open Policy: Critical Technology Praxis within Higher Education

Emerging less than a decade ago, the term EDUPUNK sought to encapsulate the nascent rebellion against the corporatism and neoliberal ideology permeating digital aspects of higher education. A loose association of academic technologists with interests in net neutrality, open source software, hacktivism, and so on, the EDUPUNK movement has also been informing the adoption of various open practices in higher education, including open educational resources (OER). Intriguingly, university administrators and policymakers—attracted by aspects such as increased access and lower costs for students—are taking notice. In this article, I focus on developments from across the state of Virginia to introduce a critical praxis landscape from within higher education. Thus, I showcase some of the opportunities for critical technology praxis within the neoliberal(izing) university.
Contextual Fear Extinction Induces Hippocampal Metaplasticity Mediated by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5

Dysregulated fear memory can lead to a broad spectrum of anxiety disorders. The brain systems underlying fear memory are manifold, with the hippocampus being prominently involved by housing fear-related spatial memories as engrams, which are created and stored through neural changes such as synaptic plasticity. Although metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors contribute significantly to both fear behavior and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, the relationship between these two phenomena has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that contextual fear extinction induces a novel form of metaplasticity mediated by mGlu5 at the hippocampal SC-CA1 synapse. Further, blockade of mGlu5 prevents both contextual fear extinction and expression of this metaplasticity. This form of metaplasticity was absent in a mouse model of MECP2-duplication syndrome, corresponding to a complete deficit in extinction learning. These findings suggest that mGlu5-dependent metaplasticity within the hippocampus may play a critical role in extinction of contextual fear.
CE: Original research: hospital system barriers to rapid response team activation: a cognitive work analysis.

BackgroundThe goal of rapid response team (RRT) activation in acute care facilities is to decrease mortality from preventable complications, but such efforts have been only moderately successful. Although recent research has shown decreased mortality when RRTs are activated more often, many hospital
Hemangioma of the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Series.

Introduction Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are rare, vascular, extra-axial tumors that are diagnosed with a combination of imaging and biopsy. We describe the clinical presentations, imaging findings, and management of two male patients with CSHs. Case Report Case 1 describes a 57-year-old man who presented with vision changes and cranial nerve palsies. Initial imaging and surgical biopsy were nondiagnostic. Follow-up Tc-99m tagged red blood cell (RBC) imaging supported CSH diagnosis. He was treated with surgical resection and radiotherapy. Case 2 describes a 57-year-old man who presented with chronic headache. Imaging findings were suggestive of CSH. He underwent endoscopic endonasal surgical resection and a final diagnosis of CSH was made via biopsy. Discussion CSHs often present with headache, vision changes, and cranial nerve palsies. Characteristic findings of a T2 hyperintense lesion with homogeneous contrast enhancement has been described in the literature. There is also a role for tagged RBC imaging studies in the setting of nondiagnostic imaging and biopsy. Surgical resection can be difficult due to tumor vascularity and encasement of internal carotid arteries. Stereotactic radiosurgery and adjuvant radiotherapy can play a role in the treatment of patients who have inoperable lesions or subtotal resections.
Risk Communication: Talking About Risk Reduction Instead of Acceptable Risk

The best way to communicate risk is NOT TO. Often the concern raised by people, ostensibly over the hazards associated with facilities in their community, tends to reflect a lack of trust of the firms that own those facilities and to a lesser extent the risks associated with their operation. To build trust companies must develop serious programs to reduce the risks facilities pose to the surrounding communities. They should include reduction of the use of toxic substances, reductions of emissions and reductions in the generation of hazardous waste. Risks faced by communities are classified into four types. Actions which can be take by companies wishing to build trust are identified for each type. Instances when it may be appropriate to communicate risk are illustrated but emphasis should be placed on risk reduction, not risk communication.
The ovarian triad of the primate menstrual cycle.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the primate ovarian cycle and the regulation of its endocrine and gametogenic activities, based on the studies in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Unlike adult male mammals, which continuously produce new sperm, female mammals are born with their lifetime supply of eggs, enclosed in primordial follicles. This pool of primordial follicles serves as a non-replenished, progressively depleted stockpile from which growing follicles and oocytes are continuously withdrawn. Each adult mammalian female ovulates a species-characteristic number of ova each week, month, season, or year—the frequency again being a species characteristic. Thus, litter size and annual fecundity rate of a species are proximately determined by the physiology of the female through the size of the ovulatory quota, frequency of the ovarian cycle, and the duration of pregnancy and lactation. Typically ovulation of a single, fertilizable ovum in each menstrual cycle completes a course of oogenesis that begins during fetal development.
Comparison of psychosocial factors over time among HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer and tobacco-related oral cavity cancer patients.

Abstract Introduction The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is well documented, as is the excellent prognosis of patients with HPV-associated disease; in contrast, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is associated with tobacco and alcohol use and has a worse prognosis. While causative factors, staging, and treatment guidelines differ between these cancer subsets, few studies have compared psychosocial factors in these groups. Objective To explore differences in psychosocial factors between HPV+ OPSCC patients versus OCSCC smokers. Methods A prospective cohort study at a single multidisciplinary, tertiary care HNC center was completed with recruitment from 2010 to 2013 using self-administered questionnaires before treatment and at 12 months. Patients were included with a diagnosis of HPV+ OPSCC or OCSCC with a smoking history. 38 (21 HPV+ OPSCC/17 OCSCC) met criteria. The main outcomes included self-efficacy, symptom severity, cancer worry, and depression. Results A total of 38 (21 HPV+ OPSCC/17 OCSCC) patients (mean age: 57 [32–76], 73.7% male, 78.9% Caucasian, 71% stage IV) met inclusion criteria. OPSCC patients tended to be of male sex, Caucasian race, and single. Furthermore, OPSCC patients were more likely than OCSCC patients to have private insurance, be employed, and use alcohol and tobacco less frequently. Regarding psychosocial factors, HPV+ OPSCC patients reported lower symptom severity (2.7 versus 3.3), depression (12.0 versus 14.0) and cancer worry (2.8 versus 3.2) at baseline compared to OCSCC patients. Depression decreased significantly over time in OPSCC patients (12.0 to 9.9; effect size: −3.2 (95% CI: −5.9 to −0.4)). Although not statistically significant, cancer worry decreased in both groups (2.8 to 2.4 and 3.2 to 2.7, respectively, effect sizes: −0.3 (95% CI: −0.7–0.08) and −0.6 (95% CI: −1.2–0.05), respectively). No statistically significant differences in patterns of change over time were noted between groups. Conclusions and relevance This pilot study highlighted a pattern of reduced quality of life parameters in OCSCC patients at baseline with similar improvements over time compared to the OPSCC cohort. Although different in cancer etiology and treatment plans, HPV+ OPSCC and tobacco-related OCSCC patients both require multidisciplinary cancer care plans that address psychosocial concerns. Level of evidence: 2B
Emerging Insights into the Occupational Mycobiome.

The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or “mycobiomes” at resolutions previously not possible using traditional hazard identification methods. The recent focus on fungal community assemblages within indoor environments has provided renewed insight into overlooked sources of fungal exposure. In occupational studies, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing has recently been utilized in a variety of environments ranging from indoor office buildings to agricultural commodity and harvesting operations. Fungal communities identified in occupational environments have been primarily placed in the phylum Ascomycota and included classes typically identified using traditional fungal exposure methods such as the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes. The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species. These collective datasets have shown that occupational fungal exposures include a much broader diversity of fungi than once thought. Although the clinical implications for occupational allergy are an emerging field of research, establishing the mycobiome in occupational environments will be critical for future studies to determine the complete spectrum of worker exposures to fungal bioaerosols and their impact on worker health.
Thickness scaling of pyroelectric response in thin ferroelectric Hf1−xZrxO2 films

The scaling of polarization and pyroelectric response across a thickness series (5–20 nm) of Hf0.58Zr0.42O2 films with TaN electrodes was characterized. Reduction in thickness from 20 nm to 5 nm resulted in a decreased remanent polarization from 17 to 2.8 μC cm−2. Accompanying the decreased remanent polarization was an increased absolute pyroelectric coefficient, from 30 to 58 μC m−2 K−1. The pyroelectric response of the 5 nm film was unstable and decreased logarithmically with time, while that of 10 nm and thicker films was stable over a time scale of >300 h at room temperature. The sign of the pyroelectric response was irreversible with differing polarity of poling bias for the 5 nm thick film, indicating that the enhanced pyroelectric response was of electret origins, whereas the pyroelectric response in thicker films was consistent with a crystallographic origin.
Factors affecting the design and development of responsive facades: a historical evolution

A responsive facade system is considered a major component of high-performance building envelope that is capable of responding to environmental stimuli and aims to improve occupants’ comforts and e...
Targeting the temporal dynamics of hypoxia-induced tumor-secreted factors halts tumor migration

Targeting microenvironmental factors that foster migratory cell phenotypes is a promising strategy for halting tumor migration. However, lack of mechanistic understanding of the emergence of migratory phenotypes impedes pharmaceutical drug development. Using our 3D microtumor model with tight control over tumor size, we recapitulated the tumor size-induced hypoxic microenvironment and emergence of migratory phenotypes in microtumors from epithelial breast cells and patient-derived primary metastatic breast cancer cells, mesothelioma cells, and lung cancer xenograft cells (PDX). The microtumor models from various patient-derived tumor cells and PDX cells revealed upregulation of tumor-secreted factors including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), fibronectin (FN), and soluble E-cadherin (sE-CAD), consistent with clinically reported elevated levels of FN and MMP9 in patient breast tumors compared to healthy mammary glands. Secreted factors in the conditioned media of large microtumors induced a migratory phenotype in non-hypoxic, non-migratory small microtumors. Subsequent mathematical analyses identified a two-stage microtumor progression and migration mechanism whereby hypoxia induces a migratory phenotype in the initialization stage which then becomes self-sustained through a positive feedback loop established among the tumor-secreted factors. Computational and experimental studies showed that inhibition of tumor-secreted factors effectively halts microtumor migration despite tumor-to-tumor variation in migration kinetics, while inhibition of hypoxia is effective only within a time window and is compromised by tumor-to-tumor variation, supporting our notion that hypoxia initiates migratory phenotypes but does not sustain it. In summary, we show that targeting temporal dynamics of evolving microenvironments, especially tumor-secreted factors during tumor progression, can halt tumor migration.
An examination of firm licensing behaviour after a payday-loan ban

In 2008, Ohio enacted the Short-Term Loan Law capping interest rates to 28% APR, effectively banning the industry. Previous analysis has shown that while the policy was effective in eliminating the...
The weaponization of language: Discourses of rising right-wing authoritarianism:

The modus operandi of far-right political groups is crafted through strategic and systematic relationships between symbolic and material forms of violence. This article considers the discursive str...
Phylogenetic Reconstruction and the Origin of Modern Humans

Sixty thousand years ago, southwestern France was in the midst of an ice age. The climate was much cooler than it is today, and the region had different animals. These included many large, cold-adapted animals such as woolly mammoths, Irish elk, and cave bears. There were also people living in the region. Artifacts from this time are abundant, and include spear points and scrapers of the kind that would be used in killing and butchering big game. Human remains reveal people with a short, stocky build, and distinctive facial features including a prominent nose and swept back cheeks. These people were Neanderthals, and by this time they had been occupying Europe for many millennia (Figure 9.1). Since that time, Europe came to be occupied by other humans, modern humans like ourselves. A key issue in human evolution is the connection between later humans and Neanderthals. Are modern humans descendants of Neanderthals? Or did they come from elsewhere and replace them? Computational approaches have made key contributions toward answering this fascinating question.
Building a Holistic Design Identity Through Integrated Studio Education

Design education has quickly evolved from product-focused to interaction-focused outcomes. As the technical skills needed for success become increasingly unstable, a holistic means of instruction is needed to prepare students for the realities of practice. In this chapter, we describe the creation of a novel undergraduate user experience (UX) design program that focuses on learning strands that weave throughout a studio-based program. Instead of relying upon content-delineated coursework, where strands of competence necessary for practice are often siloed, the integrated studio encourages students to build a flexible design identity, relating multiple strands of content to one another in a systematic way throughout their program.
Understanding human-robot teams in light of all-human teams: Aspects of team interaction and shared cognition

Abstract As robots become more autonomous, their roles shift from being operated and controlled by humans to interactively teaming with humans. The current research focuses on how human operators can effectively team with autonomous urban search and rescue agents in a dynamic and complex task environment. To do so, we empirically examined how shared cognition and restricted language capabilities impacted performance of human-robot dyad search teams using a simulated Minecraft task environment. In order to examine the effects of shared mental models and language the following modified conditions were applied: (1) participants were either able to communicate using natural language or the internal participant's communication was limited to three-word utterances; and (2) shared mental models were manipulated by either the internal participant being made fully aware of the external participant's restricted representation of the environment and inaccurate map or the internal was unaware of these challenges. The primary findings from this study are: (1) teams in the natural language and shared mental model conditions performed better than teams in the limited language and restricted model conditions; (2) when the internal participant was unaware of the challenges of the external, the external perceived higher workload than when there was a shared mental model; (3) teams with natural language and shared mental model demonstrated more predictable behavior than the other teams; (4) some amount of systems’ predictability was good but too much predictability was not good. Overall, these results indicate that effective team interaction and shared cognition play an important role in human-robot dyadic teaming performance.
X-ray Writing of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs)

Fabrication of nanoscale optical Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) is one of the key manufacturing processes for fiber optics, which has many important applications in data communication and distributed remote sensing at a distance up to hundreds of kms. However, the fabrication of the FBGs is challenging. To meet such need, we propose a novel method to write the FBGs using high-flux synchrotron x-ray with a nanoscale gold/Si gratings to modulate the x-ray flux and thus change the refractive index contrast of the optical fiber to form the FBGs. The nanoscale gold/Si with high aspect ratio has been fabricated at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and the preliminary experiment of x-ray writing of the optical fiber FBGs has been carried out at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of ANL. The preliminary experiment shows promising result of the x-ray writing method of the optical fiber FBGs.
Hepatic Transport Mechanisms

Besides being a center of intermediary metabolism and a storage depot, the liver is crucial for the catabolism and biliary export of many substances, such as asialoglycoproteins, lipoproteins (LDL), bilirubin, xenobiotics and the recirculation/synthesis of bile acids. Transport processes are represented by receptor-mediated endocytosis for large molecules, recycling for specific proteins, and uptake and efflux processes for medium and small sized molecules. All of these are energy depended and tightly regulated.
Linkage of Maternal Caregiver Smoking Behaviors on Environmental and Clinical Outcomes of Children with Asthma: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Financial Incentive Trial Targeting Reduction in Pediatric Tobacco Smoke Exposures.

(1) Background: Monthly variability in smoking behaviors in caregivers of pediatric asthmatics yields questions of how much and when does smoking reduction result in improved environmental and clinical outcomes. (2) Methods: Post hoc analysis of data from a 6 month pilot randomized-control trial occurring from May 2017 to May 2018 in Baltimore City (MD, USA). The initial trial’s primary intervention explored the utility of financial incentives in modifying caregiver smoking behaviors. Post hoc analyses examined all dyads independent of the initial trial’s randomization status. All caregivers received pediatric tobacco smoke harm reduction education, in addition to monthly encouragement to access the state tobacco quitline for individual phone-based counseling and nicotine replacement therapy. Maternal caregivers who were active cigarette smokers and their linked asthmatic child (aged 2–12 years) were grouped into two classifications (“high” versus “low”) based on the child and caregiver’s cotinine levels. A “low” cotinine level was designated by at least a 25% reduction in cotinine levels during 3 months of the trial period; achieving ≤2 months of low cotinine levels defaulted to the “high” category. Twenty-seven dyads (caregivers and children) (total n = 54) were assigned to the “high” category, and eighteen dyads (caregivers and children) (total n = 36) were allocated to the “low” category. The primary outcome measure was the correlation of caregiver cotinine levels with pediatric cotinine values. Secondary outcomes included asthma control, in addition to caregiver anxiety and depression. (3) Results: Caregivers with 3 months of ≥25% decrease in cotinine levels had a significantly greater mean change in child cotinine levels (p = 0.018). “Low” caregiver cotinine levels did not significantly improve pediatric asthma control (OR 2.12 (95% CI: 0.62–7.25)). Caregiver anxiety and depression outcomes, measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-4 scores, was not significantly different based on cotinine categorization (p = 0.079); (4) Conclusion: Reduced pediatric cotinine levels were seen in caregivers who reduced their smoking for at least 3 months, but clinical outcome measures remained unchanged.
Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Utilize Different Mechanisms to Bind With Human ACE2

The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has been a serious threat to human health worldwide. The virus SARS-CoV-2 initiates its infection to the human body via the interaction of its spike (S) protein with the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the host cells. Therefore, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binds to ACE2 is highly demanded for developing treatments for COVID-19. Here we implemented multi-scale computational approaches to study the binding mechanisms of human ACE2 and S proteins of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Electrostatic features, including electrostatic potential, electric field lines, and electrostatic forces of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were calculated and compared in detail. The results demonstrate that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S proteins are both attractive to ACE2 by electrostatic forces even at different distances. However, the residues contributing to the electrostatic features are quite different due to the mutations between SARS-CoV S protein and SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Such differences are analyzed comprehensively. Compared to SARS-CoV, the SARS-CoV-2 binds with ACE2 using a more robust strategy: The electric field line related residues are distributed quite differently, which results in a more robust binding strategy of SARS-CoV-2. Also, SARS-CoV-2 has a higher electric field line density than that of SARS-CoV, which indicates stronger interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, compared to that of SARS-CoV. Key residues involved in salt bridges and hydrogen bonds are identified in this study, which may help the future drug design against COVID-19.
Developing a Database of Structural Racism–Related State Laws for Health Equity Research and Practice in the United States:

ObjectivesAlthough US state laws shape population health and health equity, few studies have examined how state laws affect the health of marginalized racial/ethnic groups (eg, Black, Indigenous, a...