cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barrier heights and silicide formation for Ni, Pd, and Pt on silicon

Deposited Ni, Pd, and Pt films on $n$-type Si have been annealed up to 700\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Silicide formation was monitored by MeV $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ Rutherford backscattering and glancing-angle x-ray diffraction. Barrier-height measurements were performed mainly using forward $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics. The values of the barrier heights are 0.66 eV for ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$Si and NiSi, 0.75 eV for ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{2}$Si; 0.85 eV for ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{2}$Si, and 0.87 to 0.88 eV for PtSi. The barrier heights depend primarily on the metal deposited and not on the particular silicide phase.
Rapid Starch Synthesis Associated With Increased Respiration in Germinating Lily Pollen

In vitro studies of germinating Lilium longiflorum pollen showed that starch increased more rapidly during the first 30 minutes of incubation than during the next several hours. The period of rapid starch formation coincided with the first period of high respiration. An estimate was made of the extra ATP utilized to form extra starch during the first 30 minutes, and this estimate indicates that starch synthesis accounts for a significant portion of the initial high rate of respiration. This pattern of respiration and starch synthesis was not altered when pollen germinated in a pentaerythritol medium that could not be metabolized instead of the standard sucrose medium.Sucrose was the predominant sugar in mature lily pollen. This sugar decreased 50% during several hours incubation in pentaerythritol culture medium. Reducing sugars remained low during incubation which may indicate that sucrose breakdown is regulated by the rate of utilization of hexose units.
Hand and wrist injuries in golf.

T HE GAME OF GOLF HAS SEEN substantial growth on a global scale over the last few decades. With more than 60 million players worldwide, it has become a sport that has transcended socioeconomic class, sex, and age. Therefore, the development of golf-related injuries is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients of all ages and golfing ability. It is a commonmisperception that the golf swing is a seemingly benign and low physical demand activity. However, on careful examination, it is composed of a series of coordinated and synchronized movements of the entire body that allows the golf club to generate speeds in excess of 100 mph and launch the ball more than 300 yards. For both professional and amateur golfers, injuries to the hand and wrist are extremely common, and the hand and wrist are the most frequently affected sites, following the lumbar spine. Professional and high-level golfers most often sustain overuse injuries as a result of repetitive swings from frequent practice sessions. Although amateur golfers may also sustain such injuries, the more common mechanisms observed are poor swing mechanics, overzealous playing, or a sudden traumatic event such as hitting a tree or the ground awkwardly.
Characterization of 4-HNE Modified L-FABP Reveals Alterations in Structural and Functional Dynamics

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde produced during oxidative stress and subsequent lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The reactivity of 4-HNE towards DNA and nucleophilic amino acids has been well established. In this report, using proteomic approaches, liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is identified as a target for modification by 4-HNE. This lipid binding protein mediates the uptake and trafficking of hydrophobic ligands throughout cellular compartments. Ethanol caused a significant decrease in L-FABP protein (P<0.001) and mRNA (P<0.05), as well as increased poly-ubiquitinated L-FABP (P<0.001). Sites of 4-HNE adduction on mouse recombinant L-FABP were mapped using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry on apo (Lys57 and Cys69) and holo (Lys6, Lys31, His43, Lys46, Lys57 and Cys69) L-FABP. The impact of 4-HNE adduction was found to occur in a concentration-dependent manner; affinity for the fluorescent ligand, anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, was reduced from 0.347 µM to Kd1 = 0.395 µM and Kd2 = 34.20 µM. Saturation analyses revealed that capacity for ligand is reduced by approximately 50% when adducted by 4-HNE. Thermal stability curves of apo L-FABP was also found to be significantly affected by 4-HNE adduction (ΔTm = 5.44°C, P<0.01). Computational-based molecular modeling simulations of adducted protein revealed minor conformational changes in global protein structure of apo and holo L-FABP while more apparent differences were observed within the internal binding pocket, revealing reduced area and structural integrity. New solvent accessible portals on the periphery of the protein were observed following 4-HNE modification in both the apo and holo state, suggesting an adaptive response to carbonylation. The results from this study detail the dynamic process associated with L-FABP modification by 4-HNE and provide insight as to how alterations in structural integrity and ligand binding may a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of ALD.
Design and Rationale for a Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise for Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Background Over the last two decades very few advances have been made in the development of new treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While patients with OCD improve with available treatments (pharmacotherapy and/or cognitive-behavioral therapy), moderate levels of OCD symptoms often persist even with adequate doses and durations of these treatments. Building on the growing body of evidence for the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of other psychiatric disorders, interventions to increase aerobic exercise in patients with OCD represent a potentially useful yet relatively unexplored strategy in OCD.
Ionisation dynamics of a model atom in an electrostatic field

The time evolution of the ionisation probability of a simple one-dimensional model atom under the influence of an electrostatic field is evaluated by an exact solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. It is shown that in the low-field, long-time limit the decay of the bound state is exponential in time with the decay constant identical to that obtained in the quasiclassical tunnelling theories. For shorter times, however, there are large departures from exponential decay, which lead to ionisation probabilities much higher than expected on the basis of the quasiclassical theories. The potential importance of this in the analysis of DC discharge phenomena is pointed out.
A Model for Involving Parents of Children With Learning and Behavior Problems in the Schools

The authors present a practical model for including parents of children with learning and behavior problems in the schools. First, characteristics of families with children with learning and behavior problems are discussed. Next, 4 features of an effective program to involve parents are presented. These features are: (a) proactive design, (b) 180-day plan for the school year, (c) clear goals and expectations, and (d) accommodation of diverse families. Our model for including parents has 4 phases. Phase 1: Preparing for parent involvement, Phase 2: Establishing parent involvement, Phase 3: Maintaining parent involvement, and Phase 4: Helping parents plan for the upcoming school year. Specific strategies for teachers to effectively involve parents in the school are discussed for each phase.
Two New Genera and Five New Species of Mutillidæ

Male —Mandibles tridentate (edentate at the tip and with two small teeth within adjacent to the tip) broadly emarginate beneath and with a small, distinct tooth beneath; eyes subovate, hemispherical, entire, the facets distinct; first abdominal segment constricted at the distal margin, not sessile with the second; abdominal tergites two, three, four and five with a row of bristles at the distal margin, the bristles most conspicuous on tergites two and three; felt lines on second abdominal tergite only; pubescence of body composed of simple hairs; stigma of front wings much reduced, inconspicuous; distance between the origin of the free part of vein M and the stigma equal to the length of the latter; veins R4, M1+2 beyond R5, M1 and M2, all obsolete, thus cells R4 and 1st M2 open.
Analysis of Certain Variables in the Agar Dilution Susceptibility Test

This study examined (i) the activity of gentamicin added to agar in ratios of 1:100 and 1:1,000 to produce a final concentration of 1 mug/ml, (ii) the uniformity of distribution of gentamicin in agar in relation to the amount of mixing, and (iii) the effect of agar depth on the activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although the ratio of antibiotic solution to agar had no significant effects on activity of the antibiotic, the amount of mixing did. Agar depth had no significant effect on the activity of gentamicin.
Risk stratification for readmission after major hepatectomy: development of a readmission risk score.

Background Hospital readmission is becoming a quality measure, despite poor understanding of the risks of readmission. This study examines readmission risk factors after major hepatectomy and develops a predictive model. Study Design A retrospective review was performed on patients who had undergone major hepatectomy at 1 of 3 academic centers between the years 2000 and 2012. Clinicopathologic and perioperative data were analyzed for risk factors of 90-day readmission using logistic regression. A readmission risk score was developed and validated in a separate validation set to determine its predictive value. Results Of 1,184 hepatectomies performed, 17.3% of patients were readmitted within 90 days. Factors associated with readmission include operative blood loss (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00; 95% CI, 1.000–1.001), any postoperative complication (OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.8–10.4), a major postoperative complication (OR = 5.7; 95% CI, 3.2–10.2), postoperative pulmonary embolism (OR = 12.2; 95% CI, 1.9–78.4), no postoperative blood transfusion (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7–6.2), surgical site infection (OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 2.9–10.0), and post-hepatectomy hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.2). A scoring system based on these risk factors accurately predicted readmission in the validation cohort. A score of >20 points had a positive predictive value of 30.8% and negative predictive value of 95.6%, and a score >50 had a positive predictive value of 50.9% and negative predictive value of 87.7%. This risk score accurately stratifies readmission risk. Conclusions The risk of hospital readmission within 90 days after major hepatectomy is high and is reliably predicted with a novel scoring system.
A distortion-correction scheme for industrial machine-vision applications

Practical ways to measure and correct distortion in industrial vision systems are discussed with an emphasis on ease of use. Tests were conducted that showed that significant amounts of spatial distortion can exist in commercially available camera/lens/frame-grabber combinations. Even solid-state cameras are not immune to this phenomenon. Substantial reductions in distortion can result from a locally affine correction scheme such as the one tested. Large numbers of control points do not seem to be necessary, although increasing the number of control points does result in increased accuracy up to a point. The correction scheme developed can be extended to calibration targets for which the control points are regularly spaced. >
Influence of a transport current on magnetic anisotropy in gyrotropic ferromagnets

because the applied current breaks time reversal invariance. At a practical level, we provide a concise analytical expression for the current-induced change in the magnetic anisotropy. This expression is suitable for evaluation from first principles because it requires the knowledge of only the band structure of the ferromagnet and the lifetime of the Bloch states. At a technical level, our theory allows for the spatial inhomogeneities that inevitably occur in the magnitude of the ferromagnet’s exchange field at atomic lenghtscales.
Technology insight: randomized trials of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Coronary artery bypass grafting can now be performed without the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass pump, a technique known as “off-pump” coronary bypass. Despite data from nonrandomized retrospective trials showing a benefit to the off-pump technique, skepticism remains. This review discusses the evidence to date, focusing on data from prospectively randomized studies. Coronary artery bypass grafting has proven a remarkably effective treatment for occlusive coronary artery disease, with demonstrable impact on both symptoms and survival. As conducted traditionally, cardiopulmonary bypass is required, and a global myocardial ischemic insult imposed with aortic occlusion under the protection of cardioplegic arrest. Despite the remarkable success of this approach, concerns over the systemic effects of bypass, including neurologic sequelae as well as ischemic myocardial injury, have stimulated development of techniques and technology to perform coronary bypass 'off-pump'. This technique obviates the need for the bypass machine and imposes only brief regional ischemia during construction of each individual anastomosis. Despite enthusiastic support by a devoted cohort of surgeons, and a host of nonrandomized retrospective studies demonstrating an apparent benefit to the off-pump technique, the technique has not been universally adopted. How can there be such controversy over what appears to be a superior approach? In part, many surgeons are concerned that the greater technical difficulty of the technique will impact long-term results adversely. There is also uncertainty with regard to the actual advantage of off-pump coronary artery bypass over the tried-and-true methods. Surgeons recognize that the results of any surgical series are particularly subject to the influence of subtle selection biases. Accordingly, prospective randomized studies add particular value to the debate. It is the aim of this review to examine the evidence for off-pump coronary artery bypass critically, from a surgeon's perspective, with particular emphasis on knowledge derived from a representative selection of published prospective randomized studies.
Gauge hierarchies beyond the tree approximation

Abstract It is explicitly shown that, in O(3) and SU(5) gauge theories, a simple constraint on the masses of physical Higgs scalars leads to a large gauge hierarchy in every order in the loop expansion.
Graduate Systems Engineering Education at the Air Force Institute of Technology

The Air Force Institute of Technology offers a successful, accredited graduate degree in systems engineering. The program is based on the view that systems engineering is a design discipline. Students with undergraduate engineering degrees are given course work covering essential tools and techniques of systems engineering and are required to demonstrate mastery in a group design study. The program philosophy and curriculum are described and a recent design study is summarized. Although created to meet Air Force needs, the program and experience are relevant to others.
Causal Relata: Tokens, Types, or Variables?

The literature on causation distinguishes between causal claims relating properties or types and causal claims relating individuals or tokens. Many authors maintain that corresponding to these two kinds of causal claims are two different kinds of causal relations. Whether to regard causal relations among variables as yet another variety of causation is also controversial. This essay maintains that causal relations obtain among tokens and that type causal claims are generalizations concerning causal relations among these tokens.
Oviduct Insertion of Radio Transmitters as a Means of Locating Northern Pike Spawning Habitat

Abstract I inserted radio transmitters into the oviducts of northern pike Esox lucius in an attempt to find their spawning grounds. Oviduct insertion of miniature radio transmitters was quick and easy. I hoped that transmitters would be expelled with the eggs to aid in identifying critical habitat used for egg deposition. Ten transmitters were implanted in the egg masses of female northern pike that were staging for spawning. Four of the transmitters were expelled during the spawning period, two in emergent shoreline vegetation and two in submerged vegetation. Northern pike that retained transmitters were smaller than fish that expelled them, indicating that expulsion was influenced by the size of the transmitter in relation to the fish's size. Although transmitters were not expelled by all study fish, advances in miniaturization and refinements in transmitter shape hold promise for future application of this technique.
Olfactory bulb responses telemetered during an odor discrimination task in rats.

Abstract Electrodes were chronically implanted in eight rats to record multiple-unit activity during the acquisition and performance of an isoamyl acetate (10−3 concentration)/air discrimination task in order to obtain a water reward. Localized stimulus choice points permitted each rat to regulate its time of exposure to the two positive reinforcing stimuli. Each rat had stimulus sampling times of much less than 1 s while performing at an 80% or more correct choice level. Whereas four of the rats exhibited only occasional neural activity, probably due to electrode position, the other four developed individual neural burst patterns, after learning, which were different for the two stimuli. Changes in the neural patterns during testing, when they occurred in two of the four responsive animals, appeared to correlate with changes in stimulus sampling. These results confirm that much less than 1 s is needed for odor identification and demonstrate that multiunit activity can show differential response patterns. The results have possible implications for future studies.
Defining the structural correlates responsible for loss of arsonate affinity in an IDCR antibody isolated from an autoimmune mouse.

Immunization of the autoimmune mouse strain (M × A) Id/lpr with Ars-KLH, has been shown to elicit a prolonged anti-Ars IdCR response similar to that found in A/J mice. Cell fusion of splenocytes from a diseased mouse previously immunized with Ars-KLH resulted in a monoclonal antibody, 1–52.30, that was found to express the strain A major cross-reactive idiotype, but failed to bind Ars. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that 1–52.30: (a) used the “canonical” combination of gene segments associated with this idiotype, and (b) exhibited a pattern of somatic mutation consistent with selection for high affinity Ars binding. Two amino acids, VL 91 and 93, were mutated in 36–65, the germline equivalent of the IdCR antibodies, to 1–52.30-like residues (91G → D, 93T → M). The results of the mutagenesis showed that changing a single light chain residue, VL 91, from glycine to aspartic acid, resulted in a dramatic loss of Ars binding activity.
Conductivity of RbCu4Cl3+xI2−x and copper electrode reaction computerized complex analysis

Abstract Attempts to measure the conductivity of solid electrolytes having the composition RbCu 4 Cl 3+ x I 2− x where x =0 or 0.25 were carried out using copper and Chevrel phase electrodes Cu 2 Mo 6 S 8 . Complex impedance diagrams showed severe polarization effects at copper electrodes. Special programs were used with a computer coupled to the impedance meter allowing measurements at constant overpotential or constant current. In contrast to usual situations, the polarization at the copper electrode is a decreasing function of the ac signal voltage and a constant quantity of electrolysing current of ≈10 −2 C cm −2 is required to disrupt the blocking effect at the interface. Results obtained with the Chevrel phases unambiguously show that the exchange of ions between two solid phases can take place at room temperature without any interfacial overpotential. The best conductivity value of RbCu 4 Cl 3 I 2 was 0.475 (Ω cm) −1 at room temperature but all the measurements revealed a marked instability towards lower values. The conductivity of RbCu 4 Cl 3.25 I 1.75 at room temperature is 0.36 (Ω cm) −1 and is stable. The activation energy is 0.045 eV.
Unit-distance graphs in Minkowski metric spaces

The Unit-Distance Graph problem in Euclidean plane asks for the minimum number of colors, so that each point on the Euclidean plane can be assigned a single color with the condition that the points at unit distance apart are assigned different colors. It is well known that this number is between 4 and 7, but the exact value is not known. Here this problem is generalized to Minkowski metric spaces and once again the answer is shown to be between 4 and 7. In extreme special cases where the unit circle is a parallelogram or a hexagon the answer is shown to be exactly 4.
Phylogenetic Methods Come of Age: Testing Hypotheses in an Evolutionary Context

The use of molecular phylogenies to examine evolutionary questions has become commonplace with the automation of DNA sequencing and the availability of efficient computer programs to perform phylogenetic analyses. The application of computer simulation and likelihood ratio tests to evolutionary hypotheses represents a recent methodological development in this field. Likelihood ratio tests have enabled biologists to address many questions in evolutionary biology that have been difficult to resolve in the past, such as whether host-parasite systems are cospeciating and whether models of DNA substitution adequately explain observed sequences.
Simulation and analysis of thin strip casting processes

An overview of the thin strip casting processes for steel and aluminum is presented in this work. A two-dimensional finite element mathematical model, capable of simulating the turbulent fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification, and thermally induced stresses, is presented.
Role of laboratory in the management of phenylbutazone poisoning.

AbstractWe report a rare case of intentional overdose of phenylbutazone in a 15‐yr‐old female. The patient exhibited symptoms of phenylbutazone toxicity and the presence of the drug was confirmed by gas chromatography mass–spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the initial urine sample. The patient underwent plasmapheresis to remove the drug from the circulation. Semiquantitation of sequential serum samples by GC–MS revealed elimination of phenyl‐ butazone by day 5 of admission at which time the plasmapheresis was discontinued. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine returned to normal. Analysis of biomarkers for liver necrosis and regeneration in sequential serum samples revealed the restoration of normal liver function by day 5. This case further confirms our previous observations that biomarkers for liver necrosis and regeneration can predict the outcome of patients with liver damage due to toxins.
Regulation of glutamine synthetase, aspartokinase, and total protein turnover in Klebsiella aerogenes.

Abstract When suspensions of Klebsiella aerogenes are incubated in a nitrogen-free medium there is a gradual decrease in the levels of acid-precipitable protein and of aspartokinase III (lysine-sensitive) and aspartokinase I (threonine-sensitive) activities. In contrast, the level of glutamine synthetase increases slightly and then remains constant. Under these conditions, the glutamine synthetase and other proteins continue to be synthesized as judged (a) by the incorporation of [ 14 C]leucine into the acid-precipitable protein fraction and into protein precipitated by anti-glutamine synthetase antibodies, (b) by the fact that growth-inhibiting concentrations of chloramphenicol also inhibit the incroporation of [ 14 C]leucine into protein and into protein precipitated by anti-glutamine synthetase antibody, and (c) by the fact that chloramphenicol leads to acceleration in the loss of aspartokinases I and III and promotes a net decrease in the level of glutamine synthetase and its cross-reactive protein. The loss of aspartokinases I and III in cell suspensions is stimulated by glucose and is inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Glucose also stimulates the loss of aspartokinases and glutamine synthetase in the presence of chloramphenicol. Cell-free extracts of K. aerogenes catalyze rapid inactivation of endogenous glutamine synthetase as well as exogeneously added pure glutamine synthetase. This loss of glutamine synthetase is not associated with a loss of protein that cross-reacts with anti-glutamine synthetase antibodies. The inactivation of glutamine synthetase in extracts is not due to adenylylation. It is partially prevented by sulfhydryl reagents, Mn 2+ , antimycin A, 2,4-dinitrophenol, EDTA, anaerobiosis and by dialysis. Following 18 h dialysis, the capacity of extracts to catalyze inactivation of glutamine synthetase is lost but can be restored by the addition of Fe 2+ (or Ni 2+ together with ATP (or other nucleoside di- and triphosphates. After 40–60 h dialysis Fe 3+ together with NADH (but not ATP) are required for glutamine synthetase inactivation. The results suggest that accelerated protein degradation in cells exposed to nitrogen-limited conditions reflects the differential destruction of some proteins, including aspartokinases I and III, in order to sustain the biosynthesis of others such as glutamine synthetase. The loss of glutamine synthetase activity in cell-free extracts is likely mediated in part by mixed-function oxidation systems and could represent a ‘marking’ step in protein turnover.
Regime and working class in Czechoslovakia 1948–1968

(1985). Regime and working class in Czechoslovakia 1948–1968. Soviet Studies: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 248-268.
Angiographic Diagnosis of a Bleeding Jejunal Diverticulum

The authors report on the preoperative diagnosis of a bleeding jejunal diverticulum by selective arteriography. The angiographic findings, as well as the difficulties of the intraoperative localization of bleeding jejunal diverticula, are discussed.
The regressing thin malignant melanoma: a distinctive lesion with metastatic potential.

To validate the supposition that thin malignant melanomas (less than 0.76 mm thick) of ordinarily low risk but with areas of regression may paradoxically metastasize, we observed 121 thin malignant melanomas over a six year period. Of these, 23 displayed readily apparent areas of regression, of which five (21.7%) metastasized. The incidence of metastases in their 98 counterparts without regression was 2.0% (2/98). The difference between the two is statistically significant (p = less than .01). Of the entire group of the two is statistically significant (p = less than .01). Of the entire group of thin melanomas, those with regression represented 19.0% (23/121) yet accounted for a disproportionate 71.4% (5/7) of all metastases. We conclude that regression is a relatively poor prognostic sign, whose occurrence within an otherwise thin melanoma represents a significant caveat to the current histologic staging system that equates thinness with low risk. We thus submit that patients whose malignant melanomas display regression be followed rigorously for evidence of metastases irrespective of the tumor's actual measured thickness or level of invasion.
Tryptophan 334 Oxidation in Bovine Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Involves Free Radical Migration

A single tryptophan (W334(I)) within the mitochondrial-encoded core subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is selectively oxidized when hydrogen peroxide reacts with the binuclear center. W334(I) is converted to hydroxytryptophan as identified by reversed-phase HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides derived from the three SDS–PAGE purified subunits. Total sequence coverage of subunits I, II and III was limited to 84%, 66% and 54%, respectively. W334(I) is located on the surface of CcO at the membrane interface. Two other surface tryptophans within nuclear-encoded subunits, W48(IV) and W19(VIIc), are also oxidized when hydrogen peroxide reacts with the binuclear center (Musatov et al. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 1003–1009). Two aromatic-rich networks of amino acids were identified that link the binuclear center to the three oxidized tryptophans. We propose the following mechanism to explain these results. Electron transfer through the aromatic networks moves the free radicals generated at the binuclear center to the surface-exposed tryptophans, where they produce hydroxytryptophan.
The training practices of results‐oriented leaders

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that in many organizations training professionals and human resource leaders are under increasing pressure to use training to improve organizational performance, and yet, front‐line managers are often passive or even indifferent on the issue of properly training their workers. This paper will also discuss the key practices of high performance business leaders and how they use effective training practices to achieve superior results.Design/methodology/approach – Over 2,000 managers, identified by their organizations as being “high performers”, were surveyed and the findings of this paper are based on a content analysis of both questionnaire and interview data.Findings – The paper finds that results‐oriented leaders realized that training is critical to their success and must be handled with great care employing a systematic and disciplined process. This study revealed that results‐oriented leaders realized that properly training and educating their workers inc...
Failure of Several Amino Compounds and of Sardine Meal to Inactivate Gossypol in Diets of Breeding Chickens

Abstract CLARK (1928) suggested that in the cooking and pressing of cotton seeds in the manufacture of cottonseed oil, the gossypol in the seeds is bound by combining with free amino groups of the seed proteins. As an explanation for an increase in hatchability when dl lysine was included in a breeder diet containing free gossypol supplied by cottonseed meal, Heywang and Bird (1950) suggested that the lysine may have inactivated the gossypol. Unpublished data obtained in an experiment at the Southwest Poultry Experiment Station indicated that some component of sardine meal may have inactivated the gossypol supplied by raw decorticated cottonseed in the diets of breeders. Heywang, Bird and Kupperman (1952) found that pure gossypol was inactivated within 6 days after being mixed with a breeder diet. This paper gives the results of an experiment conducted to obtain more comprehensive data on the possible inactivation of the gossypol of cottonseed . . .
Pineal gland : interface between the photoperiodic environment and the endocrine system

The photoperiodic message that the pineal gland conveys to the organism is encoded in the circadian melatonin rhythm. Melatonin is a ubiquitously acting hormone that mediates seasonal changes in reproduction in nonhuman mammals and may have reproductive consequences in humans as well. Additionally, melatonin may relate to the function o f the immune system, hormone-responsive tumor growth, circadian rhythm disturbances, and a number of other processes.
On the Asymptotic Stability of Bound States in 2D Cubic Schrödinger Equation

We consider the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation in two space dimensions with an attractive potential. We study the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear bound states, i.e. periodic in time localized in space solutions. Our result shows that all solutions with small, localized in space initial data, converge to the set of bound states. Therefore, the center manifold in this problem is a global attractor. The proof hinges on dispersive estimates that we obtain for the non-autonomous, non-Hamiltonian, linearized dynamics around the bound states.
Discontinuity Detection Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Trajectory Data Analysis in Telerobotics

Discontinuities in human movement can provide information about the control law that an operator is using. Such discontinuities are revealed by change points in one or more of the trajectory’s spatial derivatives. They are indicative of abrupt variations in the movement and provide information about spatial sampling and error detection. These discontinuities can arise in telerobotic applications, for example, when human operators pause while waiting for time-delayed teleoperation data to arrive or while adapting to account for misalignments between a remote camera and the operator’s local manual input reference frame. This paper presents a method for detecting discontinuities from trajectory records during three-dimensional target acquisition movements made by a simulated telerobot operator when display and control coordinates are misaligned. We develop the geometric detection algorithm and illustrate its use on actual data.
RAPID detection of gene–gene interactions in genome-wide association studies

Motivation: In complex disorders, independently evolving locus pairs might interact to confer disease susceptibility, with only a modest effect at each locus. With genome-wide association studies on large cohorts, testing all pairs for interaction confers a heavy computational burden, and a loss of power due to large Bonferroni-like corrections. Correspondingly, limiting the tests to pairs that show marginal effect at either locus, also has reduced power. Here, we describe an algorithm that discovers interacting locus pairs without explicitly testing all pairs, or requiring a marginal effect at each locus. The central idea is a mathematical transformation that maps ‘statistical correlation between locus pairs’ to ‘distance between two points in a Euclidean space’. This enables the use of geometric properties to identify proximal points (correlated locus pairs), without testing each pair explicitly. For large datasets (~106 SNPs), this reduces the number of tests from 1012 to 106, significantly reducing the computational burden, without loss of power. The speed of the test allows for correction using permutation-based tests. The algorithm is encoded in a tool called Rapid (RApid Pair IDentification) for identifying paired interactions in case–control GWAS. Results: We validated Rapid with extensive tests on simulated and real datasets. On simulated models of interaction, Rapid easily identified pairs with small marginal effects. On the benchmark disease, datasets from The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Rapid ran in about 1 CPU-hour per dataset, and identified many significant interactions. In many cases, the interacting loci were known to be important for the disease, but were not individually associated in the genome-wide scan. Availability: http://bix.ucsd.edu/projects/rapid Contact: vbafna@cs.ucsd.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Invasive Therapy for Women Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes

More than 700,000 patients per year are discharged from U.S. hospitals with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [1]. The average age at presentation for a first myocardial infarction (MI) is 64.7 years for men and 72.2 years for women. The lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) after 40 years of age is 49 % for men and 32 % for women [2], while the incidence of CHD in women lags behind men by 10 years for total CHD and by 20 years for more serious clinical events such as MI and sudden death [3]. Although coronary artery disease (CAD) is the number one cause of mortality for both men and women in the United States [4, 5], it is underappreciated, especially by women in the at risk age range and the physicians taking care of them. In fact, female gender seems to confer unique qualities with respect to clinical presentation, pathophysiology and therapeutic options. Recently, a focus on raising awareness of these key differences in CAD presentation and therapies for women has occurred through public awareness campaigns (i.e. American Heart Association Go Red for Women).
Write buffer design for on-chip cache

Write strategy is an important part of cache design. The buffering scheme is frequently used to reduce the overhead associated with write operations. Although it is a common feature in cache design, there is no quantitative analysis on the effect of the write buffer. This study investigates the impact of the write buffer, particularly on a small on-chip cache. Five configurations, including write-through, write-through with unconditional-flush write buffer, write-through with conditional-flush write buffer, write-back and write-back with write buffer, are considered. Benchmark traces from both RISC and CISC machines are used to simulate the performance of different buffer configurations. Based on the simulation results, we provide a quantitative analysis on the write buffer, discuss the relative benefits of various features, and suggest a general design guideline for small on-chip cache. >
On the Nature and Analysis of Clustered Data

Studies in which data from multiple patients arecollected per clinician or per practice are becoming common in primary care research, particularly with the increase of studies conducted in practice-based research networks. These studies generate data that are clustered. A special case of clustered data is an intervention study where clinicians or practices are randomized into an intervention or control group. In such cluster-randomized designs, all patients of a clinician or practice are assigned to the same treatment, and this design is often used when logistics of implementation or the need to avoid contamination of treatment arms is a priority.
Attention and Executive Functions as Mediators of Attachment and Behavior Problems

The purpose of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relation between early parent-child interactions and subsequent behavior problems and how certain cognitive processes mediate this relation. Specifically, this study investigated whether attention, inhibition, and planning skills mediate the relation between attachment security and behavior problems. Data were collected as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Development-Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development when children (N = 1004) were between 36 months and the third grade. Results from structural equation models indicated that sustained attention mediated the relation between disorganized attachment and social problems. Planning mediated the relation between disorganized attachment and subsequent thought problems, attention problems, and delinquent behavior. Avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized attachment directly predicted several behavior problems. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Leafbladeless1 is required for dorsoventrality of lateral organs in maize

The maize leafbladeless1 (lbl1) mutant displays a variety of leaf and plant phenotypes. The most extreme manifestation in the leaf is the formation of radially symmetric, abaxialized leaves due to a complete loss of adaxial cell types. Less severe phenotypes, resulting from a partial loss of adaxial cell identity, include the formation of ectopic laminae at the boundary between abaxialized, mutant sectors on the adaxial leaf surface and the bifurcation of leaves. Ectopic laminae and bifurcations arise early in leaf development and result in an altered patterning of the leaf along the proximodistal axis, or in complete duplication of the developing organ. Leaf-like lateral organs of the inflorescences and flowers show similar phenotypes. These observations suggest that Lbl1 is required for the specification of adaxial cell identity within leaves and leaf-like lateral organs. Lbl1 is also required for the lateral propagation of leaf founder cell recruitment, and plays a direct or indirect role in the downregulation of the homeobox gene, knotted1, during leaf development. Our results suggest that adaxial/abaxial asymmetry of lateral organs is specified in the shoot apical meristem, and that formation of this axis is essential for marginal, lateral growth and for the specification of points of proximodistal growth. Parallels between early patterning events during lateral organ development in plants and animals are discussed.
Crystallite regularity and void content in cellulose fibers as shown by small‐angle x‐ray scattering

Long spacing order in the fiber axis direction is found for the majority of viscose rayon yarns, varying in repeat spacing from about 170 to 220 A. This order is interpreted as a regularity of crystallite placement such that the crystallites themselves act as diffracting centers to form a line lattice with long spacings. The diffraction found for different rayons varies in intensity and perfection as well as repeat spacing. This new structural feature can be related to the periodic length determined by the limiting degree of polymerization after hydrolysis. Current interpretations in the literature regarding the diffuse scattering at small angles are extended to include scattering due to micro-voids or regions of low electron density. Since it is known that the materials are so dense that interparticle interference arises for the particle scattering, the reciprocity rule dictates that the voids are the source of the major amount of the scattering, not the crystallites. This interpretation is in agreement with the concepts of polymer structure from other techniques and can be used to explain the changes in scattering with swelling or the very small changes with crystallization. The micro-voids are elongated in the fiber axes direction. For a dry cellulose fiber a distribution of sizes of the axes of the ellipsoidal voids can be obtained for relative comparisons.
Transient Behavior of a Zeolite Membrane under non-Linear Conditions

A simplified mathematical model is proposed to provide an analytic solution for the transient behavior of a Langmuirian zeolite membrane subjected to a step increase in sorbate pressure at the upstream surface at time zero. The concentration profiles derived from the simplified model agree with those calculated by numerical solution of the governing partial differential equation. The model is used to investigate the validity of the classical time-delay method of measuring diffusion in the adsorbed phase. Under non-linear conditions the time delay depends on the degree of non-linearity as well as on the diffusional time constant. Under highly non-linear conditions application of the classical linear model yields apparent diffusivity values that are about four times larger than the limiting value (Do). The new model is used to reanalyze experimental permeation diffusivity data for pxylene in a single crystal zeolite membrane. The resulting Do values are shown to be consistent with the values determined by other experimental techniques. The transient behavior of a membrane, subjected to a step change in the sorbate partial pressure on the upstream side is a classic problem in diffusion theory (1) , and provides the basis for a well established experimental technique for measuring the diffusion coefficient (2) . The existing theory is, however, limited to linear systems with a constant diffusivity. These conditions are often reasonably closely fulfilled for the diffusion of light gases in polymeric membranes but for heavier species and especially for zeolite membranes in which the equilibrium isotherm is generally non-linear, the assumption of a linear system with constant diffusivity is clearly invalid. Nevertheless the linear theory has frequently been applied to such systems (3-5) . It therefore seems important to re-visit the basic analysis of membrane behavior under transient conditions in order to develop a more appropriate model for non-linear systems. Linear Systems In order to understand the behavior of non-linear systems it is helpful first to review briefly the classical linear theory. We consider a membrane of thickness (l) subjected at time zero to a step increase in the sorbate concentration (adsorbed, absorbed or dissolved) to c1 at the upstream face while the permeate face is maintained at a very low sorbate concentration (essentially zero) either by pulling a vacuum or by purging at a sufficiently high rate with an inert sweep gas. For a constant diffusivity system the behavior is described by Fick’s second
Democratic “Talk,” Access Television and Participatory Political Communication

AbstractThis study draws on the participatory political philosophy of Benjamin Barber to assess the contribution of public access cable television to political communication in the United States. In contrast to neo-liberal political theory which views government-mandated media access as infringing on the speech rights of media owners, Barber’s participatory democratic theory positions direct and widespread access to the media as a vital aspect of democratic processes. Barber puts forward a set of concepts which describe the various functions of democratic “talk” and which provide a theoretical framework for understanding some of the ways in which access television functions as a political communication resource. Using interviews and original source materials, the study examines the political uses of access television by radical media projects, a type of media seldom granted access to commercial or public television. In their attempts to organise and empower communities that have been under represented or ...
Effect of aerosolized acetylcholine on bronchial blood flow

We studied the effects of aerosolized as well as intravenous infusion of acetylcholine on bronchial blood flow in six anesthetized sheep. Intravenous infusion of acetylcholine, at a dose of 2 μg/kg...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology in rat frontal cortex

Previously, we demonstrated that plasticity of frontal cortex is altered in aging rats: 3 months after surgery, excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) produce larger declines in dendritic morphology in frontal cortex of aged rats relative to young adults. To determine whether the differential effect of the lesion was due specifically to loss of cholinergic input from the NBM, we assessed dendritic morphology in frontal cortex after specific cholinergic depletion in young adult, middle-aged, and aged male rats. Rats received unilateral sham or 192-IgG-saporin lesions of the NBM. Two weeks after surgery, brains were stained using a Golgi–Cox procedure. Dendritic morphology was quantified in pyramidal neurons in layers II–III of frontal cortex. Although lesions altered apical dendrites at all ages, these effects were most pronounced in aged rats. In addition, lesions produced marked atrophy of basilar dendrites in middle-aged and aged rats only. Thus, the differential dendritic atrophy resulting from NBM lesions in aged rats occurs within 2 weeks after lesion, and results specifically from loss of cholinergic innervation.