cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The phenomenology of religious humility in Heidegger’s reading of Luther

The return to religion in contemporary continental philosophy is characterized by a profound sense of intellectual humility. A significant influence within this discussion is Heidegger’s anthropology of finitude in Being and Time and his later critiques of onto-theology. These critiques, however, were informed by Heidegger’s earlier phenomenology of the lived experience of religious humility performed alongside his reading of Martin Luther’s theology. This article shows that for Luther and Heidegger, religious humility is foremost an affection structured according to the enactment of one’s dissimilitude from God and resulting existential tribulation. During a seminal period in his development, Heidegger’s phenomenology of humility changed from an Eckhartian conception of detachment culminating in the unio mystica to a Lutheran conception of humiliation and Anfechtung. Heidegger’s break from a mystical phenomenology of humility parallels Luther’s own break from that tradition, and anticipates contemporary developments in the continental philosophy of religion.
THE EXPERT’S OPINION

Mr. Jack Pendray is Executive in Residence and Visiting Professor of Management at George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. From 1993-96, Jack was President of the International Group of Cincinnati Bell Information Systems Inc., Cincinnati OH, where he was responsible for all non-North American activities. His prior positions include President of SESA-Honeywell Communications Inc., CEO of GSI-USA, Vice President of Bunker Ramo, and founding partner of Vanguard Atlantic Ltd.. Mr. Pendray was an officer in the USAF from 1962-68, has his MS in Computer Science from Stanford and BS in Engineering from The University of Florida.
Nitrogen-induced powder formation of titanium aluminides during mechanical alloying

Abstract The authors formerly found that introduction of nitrogen gas into milling atmosphere improved drastically production yield of γ-based TiAl powder by mechanical alloying of a powder mix of Ti and Al. In this report, the role of nitrogen gas on the improvement in production yield of γ-based TiAl powder was investigated by three series of milling experiments. As a result, the authors found that: (1) nitrogen gas affects the formation of TiAl powder after milling in argon for a certain period; (2) TiAl powder formed by mechanical alloying has the crystal structure of Al supersaturated α-Ti phase; (3) the content of nitrogen gas in the milling atmosphere has a great influence on the yield; (4) concerning the mechanism, it is presumed that a layer of Al supersaturated α-phase was formed during milling in argon, and transformed into a solid-solution with nitrogen during milling under the existence of nitrogen gas, and thereby became brittle and was broken into the fine powder.
A characterization of radius‐critical graphs

On donne une caracterisation des graphes critiques suivant le rayon, c'est-a-dire tel que tout sous-graphe connexe induit propre a un rayon strictement inferieur a celui du graphe original
Investigation of the effect of metal substitution on the triplet state of chlorophyll by optically detected zero-field magnetic resonance

Abstract The triplet state zero-field splittings and individual spin sublevel decay rates have been determined for a series of chlorophyll b molecules at 2 K by optically detected zero-field magnetic resonance. By detecting the microwave-induced changes in fluorescence intensity the triplet states of pheophytin b , calcium chlorophyll b , and cadmium chlorophyll b were investigated. A comparison of the triplet intersystem crossing rates in these systems, as well as chlorophyll b derivatives previously published, suggests that the nonradiative deactivation of chlorophylls may be understood by consideration of the effect of metal center interaction on the spin-orbit coupling centered on the pyrrole nitrogens of the chlorophyll ring.
Loop-cone cerclage in pregnancy: a 5-year review

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of patients undergoing conization utilizing a technique of loop-cone cerclage when a diagnostic cone biopsy was required in pregnancy. Methods All loop conizations between 1997 and 2001 were reviewed; 15 patients were identified who underwent cone- cerclage with 13 medical records completely available for review. Abstracted data included age, parity, pap smears prior to and during pregnancy, and histology obtained during colposcopy. The operative time for the procedure, estimated blood loss, complications, pathology of loop specimen, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Results Thirteen charts were available for complete review. The mean operating time was 22 min; 11 patients had less than 50 cc blood loss and two patients had a 250 cc blood loss. The median age was 26.5, average parity was 2, and mean gestational age was 24.1 weeks. Six patients had abnormal pap smears prior to pregnancy, one woman had previously undergone colposcopy, and there was no documentation of previous pap smears in six patients. During pregnancy, on pap smear, nine patients had HSIL, three patients had ASCUS/LSIL, and one patient had adenocarcinoma. Thirteen patients underwent colposcopy and biopsy; eight patients had the question of invasive disease, five patients had endocervical glandular involvement with carcinoma in situ, which were the indications for conization. There were no intraoperative or late postoperative complications. All patients delivered at term. Conclusions While the need for conization during pregnancy is rare, there are indications when it is necessary. Loop-cone cerclage is a safe method for performing diagnostic and therapeutic conization during pregnancy.
Locomotor adaptation to a soleus EMG-controlled antagonistic exoskeleton

Locomotor adaptation in humans is not well understood. To provide insight into the neural reorganization that occurs following a significant disruption to one's learned neuromuscular map relating a given motor command to its resulting muscular action, we tied the mechanical action of a robotic exoskeleton to the electromyography (EMG) profile of the soleus muscle during walking. The powered exoskeleton produced an ankle dorsiflexion torque proportional to soleus muscle recruitment thus limiting the soleus' plantar flexion torque capability. We hypothesized that neurologically intact subjects would alter muscle activation patterns in response to the antagonistic exoskeleton by decreasing soleus recruitment. Subjects practiced walking with the exoskeleton for two 30-min sessions. The initial response to the perturbation was to “fight” the resistive exoskeleton by increasing soleus activation. By the end of training, subjects had significantly reduced soleus recruitment resulting in a gait pattern with almost no ankle push-off. In addition, there was a trend for subjects to reduce gastrocnemius recruitment in proportion to the soleus even though only the soleus EMG was used to control the exoskeleton. The results from this study demonstrate the ability of the nervous system to recalibrate locomotor output in response to substantial changes in the mechanical output of the soleus muscle and associated sensory feedback. This study provides further evidence that the human locomotor system of intact individuals is highly flexible and able to adapt to achieve effective locomotion in response to a broad range of neuromuscular perturbations.
The neuroscience of prejudice and stereotyping

Despite global increases in diversity, social prejudices continue to fuel intergroup conflict, disparities and discrimination. Moreover, as norms have become more egalitarian, prejudices seem to have 'gone underground', operating covertly and often unconsciously, such that they are difficult to detect and control. Neuroscientists have recently begun to probe the neural basis of prejudice and stereotyping in an effort to identify the processes through which these biases form, influence behaviour and are regulated. This research aims to elucidate basic mechanisms of the social brain while advancing our understanding of intergroup bias in social behaviour.
Cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES) expression is decreased in discrete cortical regions in psychiatric disease

The number of adults in the US affected by bipolar disorder, depression, or schizophrenia is approaching 15 million. Despite decades of research, etiologies of these illnesses remain elusive. Theories of aberrant brain morphology, neurotransmission, and signal conduction have provided the heuristic framework for a large body of literature, with attention focused upon hypotheses of monoamine signaling underlying psychiatric disease. More recently, attention has turned to potential contributions of other signaling pathways, including the arachidonic acid cascade and generation of prostaglandins (PG). To determine the potential involvement of the pathways leading to PGE2 synthesis in psychiatric disease, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed to measure regional expression of the cyclooxygenases (COX) and one of the terminal PGE2 synthases (PGES) in postmortem tissue provided by The Stanley Medical Research Institute. For normal, bipolar, depressed, and schizophrenic subjects, COX-1 and COX-2 protein levels did not differ across region and patient populations. In contrast, there was a significant effect of diagnosis on cytosolic PGES (cPGES) protein levels in the frontal cortex, with remarkable decreases observed in all psychiatric groups relative to normal tissue (P < 0.05). Significant reduction of cPGES expression was also found in the temporal cortex of bipolar subjects. Evaluation of medicated vs. non-medicated subjects revealed a significant effect of medication on cPGES expression in the frontal cortex of bipolar, but not depressed or schizophrenic subjects. These novel findings further support hypotheses of abnormalities in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism in regions associated with psychiatric disease.
Habit reversal: A review of applications and variations

Research is reviewed on habit reversal treatment of tics and other nervous habits, and on the components of such treatment. Awareness training and the use of a competing response are found to be its essential components. Studies which evaluate the habit reversal procedure and its variations in the treatment of stuttering are also reviewed.
Rheology Measurements at High Pressure and Temperature

Measurement of rheological properties of Earth materials in a multianvil device is accomplished with the aid of synchrotron X rays. Deviatoric stresses are a result of the interaction between individual grains, generated by compressing a polycrystalline powder. The stress is quantified by measurement of the broadening of the diffraction peaks. Generally, the magnitude of the deviatoric stress will exceed the nominal pressure unless the sample fails or flows. The change of the peak width with time defines the strain rate of the sample. Taken together, these data provide constraints on the rheological properties for these conditions. In situ X ray diffraction measurements of MgAl 2 O 4 spinel at 10 GPa confining pressure and temperatures up to 1100°C provide an example of such data. Strain rates of the order of 10 -7 s -1 were measured at 600°C with deviatoric stresses of the order of a few GPa. The total plastic strain in the sample amounted to a few per cent. The stress-strain rate-temperature conditions quantitatively agree with previous studies and correspond to the plasticity-power law creep boundary for this material. These results are supported by the microstructural observations of recovered samples with transmission electron microscopy. The current limits of this approach are defined by the resolution of X ray energy. Future improvements will come using monochromatic sources with high-resolution detection systems. This will enable lower stress determinations and hence higher temperatures.
The Number of Lines a Cell Contacts and Cell Contractility Drive the Efficiency of Contact Guidance

Cell migration is an important biological function that impacts many physiological and pathological processes. Often migration is directed along aligned fibers of collagen at different densities, a process called contact guidance. However, cells adhere to other components in the extracellular matrix, possibly affecting migrational behavior. Additionally, changes in intracellular contractility are well known to affect random migration, but its effect on contact guidance is less known. This study examines differences in directed migration in response to variations in the spacing of collagen, non-specific background adhesion strength and myosin II-mediated contractility. Collagen was microcontact printed onto glass substrates and timelapse live-cell microscopy was used to measure migration characteristics. Increasing the number of lines a cell contacts or decreasing contraction led to decreases in directionality, but speed changes were context dependent. This suggests that while cell migration speed is a biphasic function of contractility, directionality appears to be a monotonic, increasing function of contractility. Thus, increasing the number of lines a cell contacts or decreasing contractility degrades the contact guidance fidelity.
Targeted therapy of short-bowel syndrome with teduglutide: the new kid on the block

Extensive intestinal resection impairs the absorptive capacity and results in short-bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF), when fluid, electrolyte, acid-base, micro-, and macronutrient homeostasis cannot be maintained on a conventional oral diet. Several factors, including the length and site of the resected intestine, anatomical conformation of the remnant bowel, and the degree of postresection intestinal adaptation determine the disease severity. While mild SBS patients achieve nutritional autonomy with dietary modification (eg, hyperphagia, small frequent meals, and oral rehydration fluids), those with moderate-to-severe disease may develop SBS-IF and become dependent on parenteral support (PS) in the form of intravenous fluids and/or nutrition for sustenance of life. SBS-IF is a chronic debilitating disease associated with a poor quality of life, and carries significant morbidity and health care costs. Medical management of SBS-IF is primarily focused on individually tailored symptomatic treatment strategies, such as antisecretory and antidiarrheal agents to mitigate fluid losses, and PS. However, PS administration is associated with potentially life-threatening complications, such as central venous thromboses, bloodstream infections, and liver disease. In pursuit of a targeted therapy to augment intestinal adaptation, research over the past 2 decades has identified glucagon-like peptide, an intestinotrophic gut peptide that has been shown to enhance intestinal absorptive capacity by causing an increase in the villus length, crypt depth, and mesenteric blood flow and by decreasing gastrointestinal motility and secretions. Teduglutide, a recombinant analog of glucagon-like peptide-2, is the first targeted therapeutic agent to gain approval for use in adult SBS-IF. Teduglutide was shown to result in significant (20%-100%) reduction in PS-volume requirement and have a satisfactory safety profile in three randomized control trials. Further research is warranted to see if reduction in PS dependency translates to improved quality of life and reduced PS-associated complications.
Temperament in context : Infant temperament moderates the relationship between perceived neighborhood quality and behavior problems

Hypotheses that positive affect and fear in infancy moderate later relationships between neighborhood quality and behavior problems were examined in a sample of children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Results suggested that poor neighborhood quality was associated with antisocial behavior at age 6 for children who in infancy were characterized by either high positive affect and low fear or by low positive affect and high fear. Depression/anxiety increased from age 6 to age 12 for children in poor quality neighborhoods who were characterized in infancy by low positive affect. A combination of low fear and high positive affect in infancy appeared to be protective, as it was associated with decreases in depression/anxiety during childhood. These findings suggest the utility of examining multiple dimensions of temperament and of integrating multiple levels of influence into moderational models to understand and prevent the development of childhood symptomatology.
Ongoing research projects at the Institute for the Learning Sciences

The Institute for the Learning Sciences is a research and development center established at Northwestern University in 1989 with founding sponsorship from Andersen Consulting. The main goal of the Institute is to create innovative, computer-based learning environments, based on leading-edge research in Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, that exploit developing theories about the way humans actually learn, remember, and reason.
Synthesis of bioinspired carbohydrate amphiphiles that promote and inhibit biofilms

The synthesis and characterization of a new class of bioinspired carbohydrate amphiphiles that modulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation are reported. The carbohydrate head is an enantiopure poly-amido-saccharide (PAS) prepared by a controlled anionic polymerization of β-lactam monomers derived from either glucose or galactose. The supramolecular assemblies formed by PAS amphiphiles are investigated in solution using fluorescence assays and dynamic light scattering. Dried samples are investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the amphiphiles are evaluated for their ability to modulate biofilm formation by the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Remarkably, from a library of eight amphiphiles, we identify a structure that promotes biofilm formation and two structures that inhibit biofilm formation. Using biological assays and electron microscopy, we relate the chemical structure of the amphiphiles to the observed activity. Materials that modulate the formation of biofilms by bacteria are important both as research tools for microbiologists to study the process of biofilm formation and for their potential to provide new drug candidates for treating biofilm-associated infections.
Wireless Communication Alternatives for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Case Study

Communication systems are the basis of every effective and reliable traffic control and management application. While cellular-based communication through commercial carriers is widely used for online traffic management applications, public agencies have also begun to consider other technologies, such as WiFi and WiMAX. Most such agencies still seek additional guidelines for the selection of suitable wireless options for different traffic control and management applications under different physical and environmental conditions. Performance and reliability are among the most important parameters to be considered when examining wireless communication options for traffic control and management applications. The authors first conducted interviews with selected traffic agencies regarding their experiences with performance of wireless communication infrastructure, as well as their interests and plans on future expansion. Next, they conducted a thorough literature review focusing on various wireless technologies...
Manifold-based fingerprinting for target identification

In this paper, we propose a fingerprint analysis algorithm based on using product manifolds to create robust signatures for individual targets in motion imagery. The purpose of target fingerprinting is to reidentify a target after it disappears and then reappears due to occlusions or out of camera view and to track targets persistently under camera handoff situations. The proposed method is statistics-based and has the benefit of being compact and invariant to viewpoint, rotation, and scaling. Moreover, it is a general framework and does not assume a particular type of objects to be identified. For improved robustness, we also propose a method to detect outliers of a statistical manifold formed from the training data of individual targets. Our experiments show that the proposed framework is more accurate in target reidentification than single-instance signatures and patch-based methods.
A Historical Comparison of Resource-Based Theory and Five Schools of Thought Within Industrial Organization Economics: Do We Have a New Theory of the Firm?

A resource-based approach to strategic management focuses on costly-to-copy attributes of the firm as sources of economic rents and, therefore, as the fundamental drivers of performance and competitive advantage. Interest presently exists in whether explicit acknowledgement of the resource-based view may form the kernel of a unifying paradigm for strategy research. This article addresses the degree to which a resource-based view represents a fundamentally different approach from theories used in industrial organization (10) economics. The central thesis is that, put informal terms, the resource-based approach is reaching for a theory of the firm. To determine its distinctiveness in comparison to IO, therefore, an appropriate comparison is with other theories of the firm developed within that tradition. Section I summarizes and analyzes five theories that have been significant in the historical evolution of IO. These are neoclassical theory's perfect competition model, Bain-type IO, the Schumpeterian and C...
Achieving dependability throughout the development process: a distributed software experiment

Distributed software engineering techniques and methods for improving the specification and testing phases are considered. To examine these issues, an experiment was performed using the design diversity approach in the specification, design, implementation, and testing of distributed software. In the experiment, three diverse formal specifications were used to produce multiple independent implementations of a distributed communication protocol in Ada. The problems encountered in building complex concurrent processing systems in Ada were also studied. Many pitfalls were discovered in mapping the formal specifications into Ada implementations. >
Effects of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on left ventricular function and distribution of cardiac output in dogs, with particular reference to the mechanism for tachycardia.

Sodium pentobarbital (PB), 30 mg/kg, iv, was administered to 30 conscious dogs instrumented for measurement of cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution, left ventricular (LV) diameter, LV pressure, dP/dt, and dD/dt, i.e., velocity of myocardial fiber shortening. Ventilation was controlled during anesthesia to maintain arterial blood gases at control values for conscious dogs. The anesthetic produced an initial transient, peripheral vasodilation but the steady state effects 15-30 minutes later were characterized by slight reductions in mesenteric flow and cardiac output and increases in mesenteric and systemic resistances, whereas iliac and renal resistances were not significantly different from control. When heart rate rose, PB increased end-systolic diameter and decreased coronary resistance, LV end-diastolic diameter, dP/dt/P (42%), and shortening velocity (36%). When heart rate was controlled, PB still increased end-systolic diameter and decreased shortening velocity and dP/dt/P, as occurred during spontaneous rhythm, but end-diastolic diameter rose instead of falling and coronary resistance did not change. After recovery from bilateral cervical section of both carotid sinus and aortic nerves, PB failed to elicit tachycardia. Thus, PB affects systemic and regional hemodynamics only slightly, but depresses the myocardium markedly. The tachycardia associated with PB anesthesia in intact, trained dogs appears not to be only vagolytic, as previously thought, but is predominantly mediated through the arterial baroreceptor reflex.
His Bundle Electrograms in Healthy Adolescents with Persistent Second Degree A-V Block

His bundle recordings were obtained in two healthy young adult men without organic heart disease whose resting electrocardiograms demonstrated second degree A-V block with Wenckebach periods. The area of block was found to be proximal to the His bundle. Exercise and atropine produced both prompt sinus node acceleration and elimination of the A-V block. This evidence, coupled with additional pharmacologic studies, strongly indicated excessive vagal tone as a major causal factor in production of the electrocardiographic abnormalities in these patients.
Gauging the risk of arrhythmic death by common genetic variants: resurgence of the sinister QT.

The holy grail of personalized medicine in clinical cardiac electrophysiology is to establish a reproducible genetic imprint or the associated intermediate phenotype (“endophenotype”) that would with high accuracy predict arrhythmic death in an individual. Although we are far from it, the study in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics by Noseworthy et al1 is another step in the right direction. It is well established that an abnormal QT interval (ie, too long or too short) is a predictor of arrhythmogenic risk in patients with the rare syndromes caused by ion channel mutations. However, the role of QT in gauging the risk of death in the general population is recent,2 complex,3,4 and laced with fundamental questions that remain unanswered. Noseworthy et al tackle this problem straight on and investigate the value of common genetic variants for predicting QT duration and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. Article see p 305 The QT interval is an inexpensive, easily measurable, generally reproducible endophenotype, which makes it attractive for predicting risk of SCD as shown by present and prior studies.2 However, the QT is a “read-out” of complex interactions between multiple genes encoding both ion channel1 and non–ion channel proteins5 and multiple environmental factors (drugs, electrolytes, hormones, body temperature, etc). As a result, the QT duration can fluctuate widely …
A fix for fixation? rerepresenting and abstracting as creative processes in the design of information systems

Fixation prevents the associations that are bridges to new designs. The inability to see alternative solutions, or even to see how to map known solutions onto current problems, is a particularly acute problem in the design of software-intensive systems. Here, we explored two related ways of liberating fixated thinking: abstracting and rerepresenting. Although both techniques helped designers generate original ideas, not all the added ideas fit the problem constraints. We discuss ways the results might be used to generate reflective design aids that help designers to first generate original ideas and later prune them.
An experimental voice command system for management of an integrated navigation system

An experimental voice command and integrated navigation system is described. The implementation is in a Convair 580 research aircraft. The system uses an interactive cockpit display to provide waypoint and routing management, fuel information, aircraft positioning, and navigation information and flight planning functions. For in situ measurement of physical phenomena, steering information is provided on cockpit course deviation indicators from flight guidance software. These functions are integrated together with a Macrospeak voice recognizer, so that voice commands can be used to control the system from the cockpit. The design of the system is discussed, considering the specialized role of the aircraft, including the various design tradeoffs made. The system was used operationally in its present form during recent field experiments including a magnetic survey over the Arctic Ocean. >
Divergent decapentaplegic expression patterns in compound eye development and the evolution of insect metamorphosis.

In the fruit fly Drosophila, the patterning genes decapentaplegic and wingless contribute to the spatial control of retina development in an antagonistic manner. We examined the expression patterns of these genes in the developing visual system of the hemimetabolous grasshopper Schistocerca americana and the primitive holometabolous beetle species Tribolium castaneum. The pattern of wingless expression was strongly conserved as a pair of lateral domains at the anterior margins of both the developing retina and the developing optic lobes. The expression of decapentaplegic, on the other hand, is different. Unlike in Drosophila, no decapentaplegic expression was detected before the onset of photoreceptor differentiation in the retinal precursor tissue of either grasshopper or beetle. Moreover, the subsequent expression of decapentaplegic in the latter species was not concentrated in the moving front of retina differentiation, as in Drosophila, but observed in anterior and posterior regions. Our results indicate that Drosophila eye development contains elements of both ancestral and derived regulatory gene functions. The requirement for decapentaplegic as an antagonist of wingless during the early development of the Drosophila retina might have originated during the evolution of insect metamorphosis. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 288:39–55, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Locations of Joint Physical Activity in Parent–Child Pairs Based on Accelerometer and GPS Monitoring

Background Parental factors may play an important role in influencing children’s physical activity levels.
High power single-cycle and tunable multi-cycle terahertz generation by phase-matched optical rectification

High power single- and multi-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses have been generated with the tilted intensity front scheme in lithium niobate crystal, with more than 50 μJ and 10 μJ pulse energy respectively.
Emergence and propagation of interictal spikes in the subcortically denervated hippocampus

Spontaneous and evoked field potentials and cellular discharges of the subcortically denervated dorsal hippocampus were studied by multisite recordings in the freely behaving rat. Characteristic short-duration ( 3 m/s. The majority of IIS (type 1) could be accounted for by an enhanced activity of the intrahippocampal associational systems; a second class of IIS (type 2) had positive polarities in the stratum radiatum of CA1 and CA3 and propagated very rapidly (>1.5 m/s). The authors propose that type 2 IIS reflect somatic depolarization and discharge of pyramidal neurons due to nonsynaptic (probably ephaptic) effects. Ephaptic interactions may also explain the longitudinal propagation of IIS at speeds higher than the conduction velocities (0.5 m/s) of hippocampal fiber systems. IIS emerged during the first 3 weeks after fimbria–fornix lesion, their incidence reaching a plateau of 2/min thereafter. During the same time period, paired-pulse suppression increased in the dentate gyrus. The amplitude of test responses to angular bundle stimulation was potentiated by small-amplitude IIS but suppressed by large-amplitude IIS. The incidence of IIS was significantly suppressed during walking relative to standing still. Tetanic stimulation of the angular bundle or handling-induced stress resulted in a 10- to 20-fold increase in the incidence of IIS that lasted for about 30 minutes. There was a negative correlation between evoked field PSP slope and population spike amplitude in the dentate gyrus of FF-lesioned rats; this correlation was positive in intact rats. The authors attribute the above pathophysiological changes to sprouting of both excitatory and inhibitory GABAergic pathways as a result of denervation of the intrahippocampal circuitry. They hypothesize that the majority of the observed physiological alterations can be traced to a weakening of feedforward inhibition coupled with an enhancement of feedback inhibition and excitation.
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene Kiaa0319 Impairs Temporal Responses to Speech Stimuli in Rat Primary Auditory Cortex

One in 15 school age children have dyslexia, which is characterized by phoneme-processing problems and difficulty learning to read. Dyslexia is associated with mutations in the gene KIAA0319. It is not known whether reduced expression of KIAA0319 can degrade the brain's ability to process phonemes. In the current study, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce expression of Kiaa0319 (the rat homolog of the human gene KIAA0319) and evaluate the effect in a rat model of phoneme discrimination. Speech discrimination thresholds in normal rats are nearly identical to human thresholds. We recorded multiunit neural responses to isolated speech sounds in primary auditory cortex (A1) of rats that received in utero RNAi of Kiaa0319. Reduced expression of Kiaa0319 increased the trial-by-trial variability of speech responses and reduced the neural discrimination ability of speech sounds. Intracellular recordings from affected neurons revealed that reduced expression of Kiaa0319 increased neural excitability and input resistance. These results provide the first evidence that decreased expression of the dyslexia-associated gene Kiaa0319 can alter cortical responses and impair phoneme processing in auditory cortex.
Female Terrestrial Isopods, Porcellio laevis Latreille (Isopoda: Oniscidea) Reduce Brooding Duration and Fecundity in Response to Physical Stress

Female Porcellio laevis (Isopoda: Oniscidea) brood eggs and young in ventral marsupial pouches, a reproductive strategy with pronounced physical and presumed fitness costs. This study examines the effect of physical stress on reproductive behavior. To induce excessive physical stress, gravid female P. laevis were subjected to five minutes of continuous locomotion daily throughout the brooding period. Stressed females exhibited significantly shorter brooding periods than controls. Although stressed and control groups did not differ in average body size, there was a strong trend of reduced fecundity in stressed females. These results indicate that female isopods modify critical elements of reproductive investment under conditions of physical stress.
Optimum Spacing of Vertical Parallel Plates for Maximum Radiation Heat Transfer

The reliability of the majority of electrical and electromechanical systems depends on their ability to dissipate heat generated by their internal components. Application of parallel plates for cooling electronic equipment is one of the most common methods of heat dissipation through convection and radiation. Others have investigated the optimum spacing between vertical plates for the case of maximum natural convection heat transfer. The goal of this study was to determine the optimum spacing for the maximum radiation heat transfer.Analytic calculations were carried out to determine the optimum spacing. A mathematical interpolation was used to simplify the view factor correlations and from this an exact correlation was obtained to determine the optimum spacing for radiation heat transfer. It was concluded that for a known plate surface area, the optimum spacing for the maximum radiation decreases when the ratio of height over length of the plates increases. For fixed geometric parameters, the optimum spacing for radiation will display a skewed parabolic distribution when the surface emissivity of the plates was increased.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Relaxation of the Pelvic Ligaments in Pregnant Monkeys

Summary Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments is an invariable accompaniment of pregnancy- in the rhesus and the bonnet monkeys. The condition becomes manifest in the last of the five and one-half months’ gestation period and reverts to the nonpregnant condition of firmness within three or four weeks after delivery. The changes take place despite castration early in pregnancy or death of the fetus. The loosened ligaments are characterized by edema.
Advanced 3D Monolithic hybrid CMOS with Sub-50 nm gate inverters featuring replacement metal gate (RMG)-InGaAs nFETs on SiGe-OI Fin pFETs

We demonstrate, for the first time, scaled hybrid inverters built in a 3D Monolithic (3DM) CMOS process featuring short-channel replacement metal gate (RMG) InGaAs-OI wide-fin/planar nFET top layer and SiGe-OI fin pFET bottom layer. We achieve state-of-the-art device integration, using raised source drain (RSD) on both levels and silicide on bottom pFETs. Bottom SiGe-OI pFETs are scaled down to sub-20 nm gate length (Lg) using a gate first (GF) flow, and top InGaAs nFETs scaled down to sub-50 nm Lg are fabricated using a RMG process. With an optimized thermal budget for the top InGaAs nFETs, we show that the 3D integration scheme does not degrade the performance of the bottom SiGe-OI pFETs. Finally, we demonstrate well-behaved integrated inverters with sub-50 nm Lg down to VDD = 0.25 V.
MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION MEDIATED BY BEHAVIOR IN THE DAMSELFLIES OF TWO COMMUNITIES.

Behavior can play a mediating role in determining the selective pressures that influence the evolution of morphological structures. To examine this, I quantified patterns of morphological variation among larvae of Enallagma damselfly species (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) that use different behaviors to avoid the major predators found in each of two communities, lakes with and without fish. Specifically, I quantified the sizes and shapes of the abdomens and caudal lamellae (used for swimming) and legs for three species from fishless lakes and six species from lakes with fish. A preliminary cladistic analysis indicates that species within each lake type are not members of a single clade, which supports the conclusions of previous odonate taxonomists. Previous studies have shown that species in fishless lakes are very active, running and swimming frequently and at high rates of speed in the absence of predators, and they avoid their primary predators, large dragonflies, by swimming. These species have the widest abdomens, the largest caudal lamellae relative to overall body size, and the longest legs of the species studied, which should make them powerful swimmers and runners. Furthermore, species in fishless lakes are morphologically very similar to one another and differ greatly from fish-lake species, although each is more closely related to species in fish lakes. In contrast, species from lakes with fish move very slowly and infrequently in the absence of predators and do not attempt to evade attacking predators. However, despite their behavioral similarity, large interspecific variation in morphology exists among the fish-lake species, and the only morphological patterns were differences associated with membership in the two primary clades identified in the cladistic analysis. A modification of Felsenstein's (1985) method of evolutionary contrasts which allows character change to be isolated along single branches is introduced and is used to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of these characters. This analysis suggests that large increases in caudal lamella size, abdominal segment lengths and widths, and leg length accompany speciation events associated with habitat shifts from fish-lakes to fishless lakes. Following habitat shifts selection pressures exerted by dragonfly predation apparently favored swimming as an escape tactic, which mediated selection pressures onto morphologies used in swimming to increase swimming performance; morphological patterns in extant species reflect this adaptation to a new environment. Mechanisms by which behaviorally mediated selection could have accelerated evolutionary dynamics following founder events are discussed.
Abstract OT3-01-12: Phase II trial of lapatinib and everolimus for HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer

Background: Although the treatment of HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has improved with anti-HER2 agents and chemotherapy, most patients will eventually develop resistance to these agents. Preclinical studies have shown that mTOR inhibition may reverse trastuzumab resistance. We hypothesize that combining mTOR inhibitor everolimus with lapatinib will be an effective strategy for patients who have progressed on prior anti-HER2 therapies. Trial Design: We are conducting an open-label phase II pilot study of the combination of everolimus and lapatinib for pts with HER-2 positive MBC. Eligible pts must have histologically documented locally advanced (inoperable) or metastatic HER-2 positive breast cancer that have progressed on at least one HER-2 based regimen in the metastatic or locally advanced setting. Pts with disease progression during or within 12 mos of the completion of adjuvant trastuzumab are eligible. Pts with untreated asymptomatic brain metastases are allowed. Pts with symptomatic brain metastases are allowed to enroll after they have completed radiation and are off steroids. Eligible pts are started on everolimus 5 mg PO daily and lapatinib 1250 mg PO daily without interruption. Among subjects progressing on lapatinib, lapatinib is continued and everolimus initiated. Pts will continue to receive treatment until there is evidence of progressive disease (PD), unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Pts will have radiological evaluation every 8 weeks with CT, bone scan, and MRI brain (for pts with known brain metastasis at baseline). Specific Aims: Primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of the combination of RAD-001 and lapatinib as measured by the six-month Overall Response Rate in women with MBC who have progressed on trastuzumab and/or lapatinib based therapies. Secondary objectives are six-month PFS, safety and tolerability of the combination, six-month objective CNS response rate, six-month clinical benefit rate of systemic disease, and six-month clinical benefit rate in CNS. Statistical methods: The response rate of lapatinib monotherapy in heavily pre-treated patients is estimated to be 7% (Blackwell 2009). For an expected ORR of 17%, a sample size of 45 subjects will provide 79% power to detect the difference at 0.10 Type I error rate according to 1-sided exact binomial test. Present accrual and target accrual: The trial has accrued 20 patients with a target accrual of 45 patients. Citation Format: Barr JA, Sharma P, Fabian CJ, Yeh H, Baccaray S, Springer M, Khan QJ. Phase II trial of lapatinib and everolimus for HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-12.
Endocrines and aging.

Diagnosis and treatment, as well as the relevant physiology, are discussed for endocrinopathies common in the elderly, including hyper- and hypothyroidism, adrenocortical diseases, ectopic humoral syndrome, and diabetes mellitus.
Regulation of the rate and extent of phospholipase C beta 2 effector activation by the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.

The activity of mammalian phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C β2 (PLC-β2) is regulated by the αq family of G proteins and by βγ subunits. We measured the affinity between the laterally associ...
The Ethnopole as a Global City

Just as an ethnopole can be deglobalized, as we have seen in the case of Japantown analyzed in Chapter 3, it can also be reglobalized. Reglobalization is the process by which an entity either relinks itself or is relinked to extraterritorial sites after it has willingly or unwillingly gone through a process of deglobalization. Such a reglobalization can be achieved through a routine process of relinking, or it may be engineered, sponsored, or shaped as such by an external unit. In its forward and backward linkages, the process is not different from that of globalization. When it is achieved as a sui generis or self-induced phenomenon, without the mediation of another entity, we term it raw globalization. It is known as cooked globalization when it is led from without or planned from within.125 These categories, however, are not mutually exclusive. While raw globalization may become cooked by way of amplification and formalization, cooked globalization may also be transformed into raw globalization with time, through a routinization of the process and by informalization. The global ethnopole is traversed by these two types of globalization; they cohabit in this same spatial niche, somehow interacting with and reinforcing each other.
Patient Selection and Surgical Management of High-Risk Patients with Morbid Obesity

Bariatric surgery is the most effective way to improve comorbidities related to obesity. Since the introduction of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery in the bariatric surgery techniques, the number of procedures has increased substantially; advances in techniques and the transition from open to minimally invasive procedures have decreased morbidity and mortality. Multidisciplinary teams in charge of the operative planning, surgical act, and postoperative recovery are determinant in the success of the management of high-risk bariatric patients; careful identification and preoperative management of these higher-risk patients is crucial in decreasing complications after weight loss surgery.
Prospective Longitudinal Quality of Life Assessment in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases Treated With 90Y Radioembolization.

PurposeTo determine the effect of 90Y radioembolization therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLM) in a prospective longitudinal study.Materials and MethodsBaseline Short-Form 36 HRQOL scores were evaluated for significant change
Agglomeration and Automation in the Twenty-First Century: Prospects for Regional Research

This paper discusses the future of technology and its implications for regional agglomeration and related research. In regions with strong agglomeration economies, positive externalities generated by spatial proximity lead to higher productivity. Urban scale economies raise the productivity of people residing in dynamic cities. Firms benefit from regional clusters of similar firms. Now we are entering a second machine age, with potentially exponential growth in productivity based on pervasive, interconnected computing power, massive digital information, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Productivity may depend more on the “cloud”-based advantage of machines, rather than “crowd”-based advantages of humans. Employment may fall with the automation of routine tasks. However, non-routine tasks requiring tacit knowledge may rise, given comparative advantages with machines. Machine learning and robotics will both substitute and complement employment. Agglomeration benefits may then accrue to regional employment based on non-routine tasks. Even so, the size and stability of agglomeration benefits will require further inquiry. With better measures of agglomeration, future research will potentially delve deeper into the three main sources of regional productivity from agglomeration: (1) better labor skill matching and local pooling; (2) more efficient input sharing along deeper and specialized supplier relationships; and (3) enhanced localized learning and knowledge flows.
Water Vapor: The Major Greenhouse Gas

Water vapor is a powerful greenhouse gas. The amount of water vapor in the air depends on temperature. Its saturation level doubles with every 10 °C increase in temperature. Its concentration also depends on availability of sources such as water surfaces and vegetation. Because of its strong temperature dependence its role as a greenhouse gas is limited to the equatorial region and the tropics diminishing to nil in the polar regions.