cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5173: Role of Gli2 in mediating the progression of prostate cancer to CRPC

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the US men, largely due to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in the patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy. There is increasing evidence indicating that Hedgehog pathway is involved in the malignancy of prostate cancer, which includes the finding of two prostate tumors with loss-of-function mutations in the SuFu gene, correlation of tumor grade with high expression of Sonic hedgehog, Gli2 and/or hedgehog target genes including Ptch1 and HIP, and increased Gli2 expression in therapy-resistant tumor cells from patients. In addition, treatment of mice with hedgehog inhibitors significantly attenuated the growth of prostate tumor xenografts. Some recent studies also implicated a crosstalk between Hedgehog/Gli signaling and androgen signaling pathways in prostate cancer. However, the role of Gli2 in CRPC progression has not been investigated. Methods: A human Gli2 specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector was constructed using Tet-PLKO-puro lentivector, which was delivered into the androgen-dependent human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. RT-PCR, Western Blot and Luciferase Reporter Assay were performed to confirm doxycycline-inducible Gli2 knockdown. The effect of Gli2 knockdown on anchorage-dependent or -independent growth was assessed with MTT and Soft Agar Assays respectively. Cells were cultured in androgen depleted medium or treated with the anti-androgen, Casodex, to mimic androgen deprivation condition. Mouse xenograft models were used to assess the role of Gli2 in the development of CRPC in vivo. Results: Androgen deprivation promoted the expression of Hedgehog signaling components including Gli2 in the LNCaP cells. Gli2 knockdown inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of LNCaP cells. Casodex complemented the inhibition of Gli2 knockdown on the growth of LNCaP cells. Gli2 knockdown prevented the outgrowth of androgen-independent cells from LNCaP cells cultured in androgen depleted medium. Induced-knockdown of Gli2 by doxycycline inhibited the growth of castration-resistant tumors in vivo in mice. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the important role of Gli2 in the development of CRPC. Therefore, it may have the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of CRPC. Citation Format: Lu Xia, Tai Qin, Luzhe Sun. Role of Gli2 in mediating the progression of prostate cancer to CRPC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5173.
Darwin: a static analysis dataset of malicious and benign Android apps

The Android platform comprises the vast majority of the mobile market. Unfortunately, Android apps are not immune to issues that plague conventional software including security vulnerabilities, bugs, and permission-based problems. In order to address these issues, we need a better understanding of the apps we use everyday. Over the course of more than a year, we collected and reverse engineered 64,868 Android apps from the Google Play store as well as 1,669 malware samples collected from several sources. Each app was analyzed using several static analysis tools to collect a variety of quality and security related information. The apps spanned 41 different categories, and constituted a total of 576,174 permissions, 39,780 unique signing keys and 125,159 over-permissions. We present the dataset of these apps, and a sample set of analytics, on our website---http://darwin.rit.edu---with the option of downloading the dataset for offline evaluation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu3(Sb1-xAsx)S4 Semiconducting Nanocrystal Alloys with Tunable Properties for Optoelectronic Device Applications

A synthetic method for producing monodisperse Cu3(Sb1–xAsx)S4 nanocrystals (NCs) with highly tunable semiconducting properties is discussed. Additionally, significant improvement in collectible photocurrent is observed for arsenic-rich compositions, with a 10-fold improvement in photocurrent density from Cu3AsS4 NC thin films compared to the more well-studied Cu3SbS4 composition. Interestingly, this improvement in photocurrent is observed despite the increased optical band gap of the arsenic-rich compositions. These results suggest Cu3AsS4 and arsenic-rich compositions of Cu3(Sb1–xAsx)S4 may yield higher photocurrent densities for solar conversion devices. Furthermore, the simple and robust synthesis, scalable spray coating strategy, and highly tunable nature of the NCs provides a foundation encompassing numerous fields requiring inexpensive and earth-abundant semiconducting materials.
Childhood Disability and the Family

The way that families adjust to a disabled family member has been studied since the late 1950s, with most research occurring from the mid-1970s to the present. In the early literature, family members were thought to be devastated by childhood disability. Children were often referred to as “defective,” a term implying severe and immutable deficiencies that caused profound distress to the family system. Based on research and on reports from family members, a contemporary, more accurate view is that children with disabilities and their families basically function well.
Establishing the Discourse of the Child

This chapter explores the foundations of the discourse of the child and how it constructs US childhoods, children, and non-children in the popular imagination. The chapter also discusses the notion of innocence and its connection to the modern visualization of black children—African American and African—including the black child image in popular digital culture and in Hollywood film.
Multiple Strokes Associated With Elongation of the Hyoid Bone

Hyoid bone elongation is an uncommon cause of stroke. Here, we report a case of hyoid bone elongation causing localized trauma to the internal carotid artery, resulting in multiple strokes. A 32-year-old woman presented with unilateral weakness and history of a recent stroke. Imaging revealed the greater horn of the hyoid bone extending between the external and internal carotid with associated thrombus at the carotid bifurcation and acute stroke. Carotid ultrasound demonstrated movement of the hyoid bone in and out of the space between the external carotid artery and internal carotid artery with neck rotation. Treatment involved anticoagulation and partial hyoid bone resection. After resection, the stroke symptoms had not recurred in the patient. Hyoid bone-related carotid injury is an infrequent etiology of stroke, with no established treatment guidelines. Partial hyoid bone resection and antithrombotic therapy are likely a reasonably safe and effective treatment.
“Introduction to Teaching Online”: Usability Evaluation of Interactivity in an Online Social Constructivist Course

In this study, the usability of a social constructivist online teacher preparation course was examined using a framework developed for asynchronous constructivist courses. In particular, students’ approaches to learning through interactivity were examined. Students from around the world participated in the course. Data from weekly feedback were analyzed using phenomenography, a qualitative research approach that examined data from the student perspective and the descriptions of the students’ experiences. The findings from the weekly feedback analysis identified three qualitatively distinct types of interactivity: group work, synchronous meetings, and interpersonal interactions in the learning management system. Variation existed in students’ approaches to learning in these three types of interaction. Considerations for course designers are discussed at the conclusion of the analysis.
Theoretical Foundations Supporting Mindfulness and Meditation for Adolescents

Incorporation of relevant developmental, contextual, and theoretical factors strengthens the development and delivery of mindfulness and meditation practices and programs. This is especially important given the proliferation of diverse approaches and models of mindfulness and meditation practices for adolescents. This chapter explores these topics and offers an overview of selected contexts and theoretical foundations of adolescent development. These approaches include theories of meditation and relevant theoretical frameworks for placing meditation in context based on the circumstances of the adolescents served. Relevant theories are addressed including developmental neuroscience, cognitive-behavioral theory, systems perspectives, and the transtheoretical model of change. The relevance of considering adolescent identity development and positive youth development in the formation of mindfulness and meditation programs for adolescents also is addressed.
Intracranial Pressure Management

A key aspect in neurocritical care is attention to and management of intracranial hypertension or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The skull is a closed, non-compressible vault, and a constant equilibrium must be maintained between the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood within. When a critical volume change has occurred and compensation is lost, an elevated ICP may result. Several interventions can effectively manage elevated ICP.
Association of palatine tonsil size and obstructive sleep apnea in adults.

OBJECTIVE The relationship between palatine tonsil (PT) size and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not been well established in adults. The purpose of this study was to test the association between PT grade, PT volume, and OSA severity in U.S. adult patients. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of all patients (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent pharyngeal surgery for OSA that included palatine tonsillectomy with tonsil volume measurement from January 2011 to June 2016. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for PT grade (measured on clinical exam by the Brodsky tonsil grading scale), PT volume (measured intraoperatively by water displacement), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Associations were evaluated with multivariate linear regression adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, lingual tonsil volume (AHI models only), and multilevel surgery aside from lingual tonsillectomy (PT volume vs. AHI model only). RESULTS The cohort (N = 83) was middle-aged (mean age 43 ± 12 years), predominantly male (61%), obese (mean BMI 33 ± 7 kg/m2 ), and had severe OSA (mean AHI 32 ± 28). After adjustment for confounders, PT grade was strongly associated with PT volume (beta = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.0, 2.6], P < 0.001) and with AHI (beta = 13.5, 95% CI: [3.5, 23.6], P = 0.01); PT volume was not associated with AHI (beta = -0.2, 95% CI: [-2.2, 1.9], P = 0.89). CONCLUSION In contrast to past studies, subjective PT grade (vs. objective PT volume) was more strongly associated with AHI. These data suggest the space that the tonsils occupy within the oropharyngeal airway, instead of their actual measured volume, may be more predictive of OSA severity in a cohort of U.S. adult patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2c. Laryngoscope, 128:1002-1006, 2018.
Involuntary Entry Into Consciousness From the Activation of Sets: Object Counting and Color Naming.

High-level cognitions can enter consciousness through the activation of certain action sets and the presentation of external stimuli (“set-based entry,” for short). Set-based entry arises in a manner that is involuntary and systematic. In the Reflexive Imagery Task (RIT), for example, subjects are presented with visual objects and instructed to not think of the names of the objects. Involuntary subvocalizations arise on roughly 80% of the trials. We examined whether or not set-based entry can also occur in the case of involuntary counting. Subjects in Experiment 1A were instructed to not count the number of objects presented in an array. Involuntary counting arose on a high proportion of the trials (a mean proportion of ~ .90) for stimulus arrays having 2 to 5 objects and such counting arose less frequently across trials when the array consisted of 6 to 10 objects (a mean proportion of ~ .21). The data from Experiment 1B revealed that, when people choose to perform Set X, they also experience thoughts about an unselected Set (Set Y). Subjects were trained on one set (e.g., to ‘color name’) and then, when presented with stimuli, were given the choice to perform the trained set or a novel set. Consistent with theories proposing that the conscious contents represent several potential action plans, subjects were equally likely to experience set-related imagery or set-unrelated imagery. Our findings regarding set-based entry are relevant to many subfields of psychology and neuroscience (e.g., the study of high-level mental processes, attention, imagery, and action control).
To Study Interaction and Interfaces: An Approach and Some Findings

It is hard to deny that our artifacts and environments are becoming more and more complex, more and more "alive," and as a consequence more and more demanding. We have to interact more. There seems to be no retreat or escape from interactivity. Some well-informed critics worry that the proliferation of interactions and interactive things has already gone too far. Their concerns raise many questions. Does interactivity in fact increase? How can we know? What does it really mean to claim that it does? And if indeed it is increasing, what does it mean? And why is this happening? And should something be done? Despite this development there seems to be no precise idea of what interaction is and what being interactive means, beyond a vague notion that it is some kind of interplay, usually optimistically understood as good-natured cooperation. In this talk I will present the work I have done for many years, together with my colleague Lars-Erik Janlert. As our approach, maybe best described as analytical and philosophical, we have examined properties and qualities of designed artifacts and systems; primarily those properties that are open for manipulation to designers, that is, properties that designers can and do intentionally affect by their design decisions (and thus in principle are possible to control). Rather than taking users and their subjective experiences of the artifacts and systems as the primary target for examination, unfashionable as it may be, we have chosen to be objective in the sense of focusing on the artifacts and systems. Apart from discussing our approach, I will briefly introduce some of our main results consisting of some developed definitions of existing (and some new) concepts, such as, interactivity, interactability, interactiveness. I will end with some comments on what this kind of investigation can tell us about the future by introducing the notions of faceless interaction, interactivity clutter, and interactivity fields.
Copper-62 radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging with positron emission tomography (PET)

Summary Bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes of short-lived copper-62 may find clinical use as imaging agents for evaluation of myocardial and cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography. Three of the most promising of these copper(II) radiopharmaceuticals are the complexes of pyruvaldehyde bisON 4 -methylthiosemicarbazone)(PTSM);ethylglyoxal bis(thiosemicarbazone) (ETS); and n-propylglyoxal bis(thiosemicarbazone) On-PrTS). Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that can quantitatively map radiopharmaceutical concentrations inside the living body (1,2) . PET allows non-invasive assessment of various aspects of tissue biochemistry and pathophysiology through direct observation of regional drug distribution and pharmacokinetics. A radiopharmaceutical used as a probe of tissue function with PET must be labelled with a radionuclide that decays with emission of a positron Ob a ; a positively charged electron). The most commonly used positron-emitting nuclides are cyclotron-produced
Decreased National Rate of below the Knee Amputation in Patients with Popliteal Artery Injury.

Background Popliteal arterial injury (PAI) is the second most common infrainguinal arterial injury after femoral artery injury with an incidence Methods A retrospective analysis of the NTDB was performed from 2007 to 2015. Patients ≥15 years of age with PAI were included and grouped by mechanism of injury (blunt versus penetrating). Interfacility transfers were excluded. The primary outcome of interest was BKA. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of BKA in patients with PAI. Results From 4,385,698 patients, 5,143 were identified with PAI ( Conclusions The national rate of limb loss in trauma patients with PAI has decreased from 7.1 to 5.1%. A blunt mechanism of injury as well as proximal open tibia/fibula fracture or dislocation continue to be the independent risk factors for BKA. Confirming a previous report, we found a combined PVI not to be associated with higher risk for BKA. Future prospective research to determine other possible contributing factors such as intraoperative hemodynamics and utilization of vascular shunt and fasciotomy appears warranted.
Relationships between numbers of antral follicles and postpartum interval in Brahman females.

Abstract To determine relationships of ovarian antral follicle count (AFC) on d 28 postpartum with postpartum interval (PPI) and AFC on d 8 post-estrus, three-dimensional ultrasonography was performed on multiparous (n = 47) and primiparous (n = 20) Brahman cows on d 28 postpartum and on d 8 post-estrus. Follicles were evaluated to determine numbers of total, small (≤17 mm3), medium (17 mm3–67 mm3), and large follicles (≥67 mm3) on each ovary. Estrus was detected using vasectomized, penile-deviated bulls fitted with chin-ball markers during the AI period and with tail paint during the natural service period. Cows with AFC ≥ ½ SD above the mean were classified as high, those within ½ SD of the mean were classified as intermediate, and those ≥ ½ SD below the mean were classified as low. Classes of AFC for total follicles included low (L ≤ 73), intermediate (74 ≤ I ≤ 112), and high (H ≥ 113). Classes of AFC for small follicles included low (L ≤ 55), intermediate (56 ≤ I ≤ 87), and high (H ≥ 88). Classes of AFC for medium follicles included low (L ≤ 13), intermediate (14 ≤ I ≤ 23), and high (H ≥ 24). Classes of AFC for large follicles included low (L ≤ 2), intermediate (3 ≤ I ≤ 4), and high (H ≥ 5). Cows with PPI ≥ ½ SD above the mean were classified as long, those within ½ SD of the mean were classified as intermediate, and those ≥ ½ SD below the mean were classified as short. Classes of PPI included short (S ≤ 47 d), intermediate (48 d ≤ I ≤ 75 d), and long (L ≥ 76 d). The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS was used to analyze potential differences among classes of AFC and PPI. The PROC REG procedure of SAS was used to analyze relationships between AFC and PPI and between AFC on d 28 postpartum and on d 8 post-estrus. The PPI differed among classes of total (P
Sacred Texts: Hermeneutics

Delimiting the study to the Christian Bible, the article traces a brief history of its interpretation. While acknowledging that interpretive communities play an important role in constructing meaning, the article insists on two crucial points. First, Christian believers occupy the best position to understand the Bible. Second, the historical meaning of a biblical text (what the original author and original recipients understood) is the most appropriate and legitimate goal of interpretation. Rejecting the claim that this position is hermeneutically naive, the article traces the steps that enable a reader to understand a biblical text. It concludes with a discussion of how people use the Bible in their lives.
MicroRNA-146a is induced by inflammatory stimuli in airway epithelial cells and augments the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as central regulators of inflammation, but their role in asthma and airway epithelial cells is not well studied. Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of therapy in asthma and other inflammatory disease, yet their mechanisms of action are not completely elucidated, and it is not clear whether miRNAs modulate their effects. Objective We aimed to identify miRNAs that regulate cytokine and chemokine expression in airway epithelial cells and whether these miRNAs are subject to the effects of glucocorticoids. Methods and results MicroRNAomic analyses of immortalized, normal human bronchial epithelial cells identified 7 miRNAs that were altered by inflammatory cytokine treatment and 22 that were regulated by glucocorticoids (n = 3 for each treatment condition). MiR-146a emerged as a central candidate, whose expression was induced by TNF-α and repressed by glucocorticoids. Its role as a candidate in asthmatic inflammation was supported by expression profiling in human asthmatics, which showed that plasma miR-146a expression was elevated in asthma and associated with measures related to worse asthma outcomes, including elevated blood eosinophil counts, higher asthma control questionnaire scores, and need for higher doses of inhaled glucocorticoids. However, transfection of miR-146a in A549 cells treated with TNF-α +/- glucocorticoids produced an anti-inflammatory effect and increased efficacy of glucocorticoids. Conclusions We propose a model whereby miR-146a is induced by inflammatory conditions as a feedback mechanism to limit inflammation. Exogenous administration of miR-146a augmented the effects of glucocorticoids and could be a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance efficacy of these medications.
African American Students in the Community College Classroom with White Teachers

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine African American student pedagogical experiences in classrooms with White teachers at a community college in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The intent of the study was two-fold: (a) to search for evidence of how culture shapes African American students’ view of themselves, and (b) to explore how African American student pedagogical experiences with White teachers shape their attitude about school. The results of this study revealed that many of the White teachers experienced by the research participants demonstrated some aspect of colorblindness in their pedagogical practices. The results also found that the African American community college students in this study valued the use of culturally responsive pedagogy in the classroom.
THE CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

Abstract: After Defining The Concept Of Canon, The Article Provides A Survey Of Early Witnesses To The Old Testament Canon (Jesus And Early Jewish And Christian Texts) That Shows A Broad Consensus About The Numbers Of Books To Be Included In The Old Testament. The Rabbinic Discussions At Jamnia Are Not So Much The Establishment Of The Canon As They Are The Acknowledgment Of Its Reality. The Principle To Establish The Canon Is More Internal (the Structure Of Its Authority And The Notion Of Prophecy). Protestants Together With Jews, In Contrast To Catholics, Do Not Accept The Old Testament Apocrypha As Canonical. (These, Written Between The Old And New Testaments, Are Briefly Reviewed.) KEYWORDS:
The longitudinal association between social network composition and episodic memory in older adulthood: the importance of contact frequency with friends

Objectives: The composition of one’s social network has been associated with cognition such that a greater proportion of family is associated with worse cognition compared to a greater proportion o...
Severing Ties: Quantifying the Payload Release from Antibody Drug Conjugates

As a key mediator of efficacy and toxicity, the linker connecting the payload in antibody drug conjugates determines cellular distribution and payload release. Sorkin et al. (2019) have created novel fluorescence-based linkers to quantify the rate of intracellular bond cleavage and track live-cell kinetics for designing more effective agents.
The Carter Lab at NIH: A Model of Inclusive Excellence in Biomedical Research

In the 1980s and early 1990s, Dr. Barrie Carter served as the chief of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health. During that time, his group performed seminal work in adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 (AAV2) biology, including creating one of the first infectious clones of AAV2 and some of the first packaged AAV2 vectors. This work contributed substantially to the development of AAVs as gene therapy vectors. Part of the success of the group was due to Dr. Carter's ability to attract and manage a diverse team of talented individuals who synergized into a collaborative group that was more than the sum of its parts. This review describes some of the promising practices employed by the Carter group, which allowed such a diverse group to function so well. These practices included promoting a culture of co-mentoring, open communication, and respectful questioning.
Excellent high cyclic fatigue properties of a novel ultrafine-grained medium entropy alloy

Abstract Fatigue is a major cause of failure and requires dedicated investigation to validate the integrity of potential structural materials. As high and medium entropy alloys (HEAs and MEAs) are garnering significant attention from scientific communities, it is important to test the structural integrity of these novel alloys in cyclic loading environment. This study analyzed both monotonic and cyclic loading properties of a novel medium entropy alloy (MEA) CoCr1.3Ni in the ultrafine-grained (UFG) and fine grain (FG) conditions. The UFG MEA performs better than the FG MEA during cyclic loading. Microstructural evolution after cyclic loading via electron back-scattered diffraction shows microstructural stability of both FG and UFG microstructures. Transmission electron microscopy suggests formation of stacking faults and fine-scale HCP transformation during cyclic loading.
Surfactant viscoelasticity as a key parameter to improve supercritical CO2 foam stability/foamability and performance in porous media

Abstract The performance of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foams in aquifer remediation and Enhanced Oil Recovery is negatively affected by the foam instability at underground conditions (elevated temperatures and pressures). In search of solutions, viscoelastic surfactants are considered as potential stabilizers beyond traditional surfactants. There are limited studies on the effect of viscoelasticity on foam static and dynamic properties [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . We suspect that surfactant viscoelasticity would enhance scCO2 foam performance in both bulk form and porous media. A systematic study, including surfactant rheology, foamability, stability, and foam performance in porous media, has been performed to demonstrate the impact of the viscoelasticity of different surfactant solutions on scCO2 foam performance. The experimental results indicate that surfactant viscoelasticity improves the foam stability while increasing the foamability up to an optimal point, where any further increment in viscoelasticity causes a reduction in foamability. Further, foam flooding performance was positively affected as the foamability of the surfactant solution increased. The results presented in this work advances our understanding of the viscoelasticity effect of surfactants on scCO2-foam performance in porous media and provides a path for optimization of these fluids for underground applications.
LORAX: Loss-Aware Approximations for Energy-Efficient Silicon Photonic Networks-on-Chip

The approximate computing paradigm advocates for relaxing accuracy goals in applications to improve energy-efficiency and performance. Recently, this paradigm has been explored to improve the energy efficiency of silicon photonic networks-on-chip (PNoCs). In this paper, we propose a novel framework (LORAX) to enable more aggressive approximation during communication over silicon photonic links in PNoCs. This is the first work that considers loss-aware laser power management and multilevel signaling to enable effective data approximation and energy-efficiency in PNoCs. Simulation results show that our framework can achieve up to 31.4% lower laser power consumption and up to 12.2% better energy efficiency than the best known prior work on approximate communication in PNoCs, for the same application output quality.
Approach to the Care of the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient

Post-solid organ transplant (SOT) complications significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of transplant patients. This teaching script presents an approach to a patient with a SOT presenting with an acute clinical problem, including how to obtain a focused transplant history and identify risk factors for infectious and noninfectious complications. A patient with a lung transplant is used to illustrate the process that would be applicable to any patient with an organ transplant.
Special Topic on Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors

The tunneling field-effect transistor (T-FET) is considered a future transistor option due to its steep-slope prospects and the resulting advantages in operating at low supply voltage ( $V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ ). Reducing supply voltage while keeping a low leakage current and a reasonably high ON-current is critical for minimizing energy consumption and continue Moore’s law by helping with energy efficiency of computing. The thermal limit of the MOSFET transistor subthreshold swing (SS) restricts lowering its threshold voltage ( $V_{t}$ ), causing significant performance degradation at low $V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ . A T-FET’s SS is not limited by this thermal tail and may perform better at low $V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ .
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF A CONTAINED PLASMA

A plasma is frequently described as being diamagnetic. We examine this hypothesis and some of its conclusions.
Proton therapy for major salivary gland cancer: Clinical outcomes

Purpose To report clinical outcomes in terms of disease control and toxicity in patients with major salivary gland cancers (SGCs) treated with proton beam therapy. Materials and methods Clinical and dosimetric characteristics of patients with SGCs treated from August 2011 to February 2020 on an observational, prospective, single-institution protocol were abstracted. Local control and overall survival were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. During radiation, weekly assessments of toxicity were obtained, and for patients with ≥ 90 days of follow-up, late toxicity was assessed. Results Seventy-two patients were identified. Median age was 54 years (range, 23-87 years). Sixty-three patients (88%) received postoperative therapy, and nine patients (12%) were treated definitively. Twenty-six patients (36%) received concurrent chemotherapy. Nine patients (12%) had received prior radiation. All (99%) but one patient received unilateral treatment with a median dose of 64 GyRBE (relative biological effectiveness) (interquartile range [IQR], 60-66), and 53 patients (74%) received intensity-modulated proton therapy with either single-field or multifield optimization. The median follow-up time was 30 months. Two-year local control and overall survival rates were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85%-99%) and 89% (95% CI 76%-95%], respectively. Radiation dermatitis was the predominant grade-3 toxicity (seen in 21% [n = 15] of the patients), and grade ≥ 2 mucositis was rare (14%; n = 10 patients). No late-grade ≥ 3 toxicities were reported. Conclusion Proton beam therapy for treatment of major SGCs manifests in low rates of acute mucosal toxicity. In addition, the current data suggest a high rate of local control and minimal late toxicity.
Genetics of Diabetic Retinopathy, a Leading Cause of Irreversible Blindness in the Industrialized World

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world. Traditional risk factors, such as glycemic control and duration of diabetes, are unable to explain why some individuals remain protected while others progress to a more severe form of the disease. Differences are also observed in DR heritability as well as the response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. This review discusses various aspects of genetics in DR to shed light on DR pathogenesis and treatment. First, we discuss the global burden of DR followed by a discussion on disease pathogenesis as well as the role genetics plays in the prevalence and progression of DR. Subsequently, we provide a review of studies related to DR's genetic contribution, such as candidate gene studies, linkage studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as well as other clinical and meta-analysis studies that have identified putative candidate genes. With the advent of newer cutting-edge technologies, identifying the genetic components in DR has played an important role in understanding DR incidence, progression, and response to treatment, thereby developing newer therapeutic targets and therapies.
The Outlook for College Athletics

(1931). The Outlook for College Athletics. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 8-43.
Manufacturing supply: A long-run, metropolitan view

Abstract A broadly based, disaggregated data set, adjusted for geographical shifts in metropolitan areas, is constructed and then used to study manufacturing supply functions. Factor prices, local and state capital outlays and taxes, unions, technological change, transportation costs, and elements of national and local demand are used to estimate the structure of manufacturing supply functions and to investigate the long-run allocation of manufacturing across metropolitan areas.
Centered CW interference rejection using spread spectrum techniques

A mathematical model is developed for the rejection of CW interference by spread spectrum techniques. When this interference is known to be exactly at the carrier frequency of the spread spectrum signal, this information can be used to design optimal IF filtering prior to despreading. The application of this approach to the pilot beam receiver of the Solar Power Satellite is considered as an example.
Associations between early alcohol and tobacco use and prolonged time to puberty in boys.

Background Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between prepubertal alcohol and tobacco use and delayed pubertal characteristics in girls. Although, laboratory research indicates that alcohol and tobacco use inhibits sexual maturation in male rats, human research in this area is lacking. To address this question among boys, we conducted a study to explore the association between early use of alcohol and tobacco and time to development of secondary sexual characteristics. Methods The study population included 3199 boys interviewed between the ages of 11 and 21. Participants reported the ages at which they first experienced body hair growth, deepening of the voice and facial hair growth. Early alcohol and tobacco use were defined as first use preceding the age of pubertal development among those reporting regular consumption patterns. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Early alcohol use was associated with longer time to body hair growth (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69–0.87), voice changes (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64–0.82) and facial hair growth (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.68–0.86), after adjusting for tobacco use and age at interview. Tobacco use was not independently associated with the puberty indicators after controlling for alcohol use and age at interview. Conclusions Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol may inhibit puberty onset in boys, an association that has been previously observed among young girls. Thus, alcohol may be an exposure deserving more scrutiny as a disruptor to normal pubertal development.
Introduction to HVBK Dynamics

We review the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov (HVBK) equations for superfluid Helium turbulence and discuss their implications for recent measurements of superfluid turbulence decay.
The evolution of telemedicine

Abstract Telemedicine is not new. It began in the 1920s. The current period of rapid growth began almost a decade ago. Although comprehensive telemedicine research and evaluation still is lacking, examining the history of telemedicine reveals a number of lessons. Applications seem to have fluctuated between complex technologies and applications and extremely simple ones. Fully integrated telemedicine will require high bandwidth and robust technologies. Store-and-forward applications transmitted through the Internet appear elegantly basic. The same societal challenges to implementation remain, regardless of technology.
High temperature superconducting films by sol-gel preparation

Abstract Superconducting oxide YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ was prepared by a sol-gel method, using nitrates or organometallic compounds as the starting reagents and ethylene glycol as the solvent. The processing parameters for gelation and pyrolysis were investigated. Single phase YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ was obtained when the as-prepared gel was heated above 900°C in air. Films were prepared by painting the gels on various substrates. The best superconducting films were obtained when the as-prepared gels were heated up to 950°C and annealed at 800°C on single crystals of SrTiO 3 and at 550°C on Yttrium stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ) in O 2 , respectively. Films with T c (zero) = 85K were obtained on the (100) surface of single crystal SrTiO 3 ; oriented films with T c (zero) = 82K on the (100) surface of YSZ formed. The films obtained from organic precursors showed T c (onset) ∼90K, however, T c (zero) was lower (∼50K) than those of the films formed from nitrates.
Differences between labeling index and DNA histograms in assessing S. phase cells from a homogenous group of chronic phase CML patients

The reliability of DNA histogram analysis in accurately estimating S-phase cells from human tumors was tested by comparing the results to those of simultaneously obtained tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI) studies. Patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) during chronic phase were selected for study because the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) was the only cytogenetic abnormality in each case and, since it is a balanced translocation, the frequently encountered problem of aneuploidy in human neoplastic cells was avoided. Unfortunately, when 30 CML patients were studied simultaneously by DNA histogram analysis and LI studies, the correlation coefficient between the two results was only r = 0.611. A comparison of three different mathematical programs for DNA histogram analysis showed that none was completely satisfactory. We conclude that DNA histogram analysis does not provide the same data as autoradiographically processed labeling index studies even in patients with Ph-positive CML during the chronic phase when the situation is not complicated by additional aneuploidy.
The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance: the role of CEO position tenure and industry tenure

The relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and firm performance, despite generating significant scholarly interest, has remained mixed. These results may be attributed, at least in part, to the failure to sufficiently examine the potential impact of top management characteristics. The present study investigates how CEO characteristics (i.e. CEO industry and position tenure), impact the relationship between EO and firm performance within a sample of 579 US banks. As predicted, some support for a positive EO to performance relationship was found. In addition, the results strongly support, as posited, that CEO industry tenure positively moderates, and CEO position tenure negatively moderates, the EO to performance relationship. We also report evidence supporting the effect of EO, configured with CEO position tenure and industry tenure on firm performance. Our study suggests the EO–performance relationship is more complex than previous studies indicate. Implications for future research and prac...
Rays and phases in quantum mechanics

We show how phases enter in quantum mechanics as observable entities, in spite of the fact that physical states are represented by rays; in particular the Berry phase for closed loops and the phase difference between the two paths in the two-slit experiment stem from a common origin.
NONDOMINATION AND NORMATIVITY

: In an earlier paper, “The Indeterminacy of Republican Policy,” I argued that in an important class of cases, republican political theory, as formulated by Philip Pettit, does not have determinate implications for policy. Pettit has replied that my argument was based on a conception of freedom as nondomination that is not his own. In the present paper, I explore the two ways of understanding republican freedom. I first suggest that they may not, in the end, be very different. I then note that if a sharp difference is restored, my conception may have some desirable features.
Landau hydrodynamics reexamined

We review the formulation of Landau hydrodynamics and find that the rapidity distribution of produced particles in the center-of-mass system should be more appropriately modified as $\mathit{dN}/\mathit{dy}\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}{\sqrt{{y}_{b}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}}$, where ${y}_{b}=\mathrm{ln}{\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}/{m}_{p}}$ is the beam nucleon rapidity, instead of Landau's original distribution, $\mathit{dN}/\mathit{dy}(\mathrm{Landau})\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}{\sqrt{{L}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}}$, where $L=\mathrm{ln}{\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}/2{m}_{p}}$. The modified distribution agrees better with experimental $\mathit{dN}/\mathit{dy}$ data than the original Landau distribution and can be represented well by the Gaussian distribution, $\mathit{dN}/\mathit{dy}(\mathrm{Gaussian})\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}{\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}/2L}$. Past successes of the Gaussian distribution in explaining experimental rapidity data can be understood, not because it is an approximation of the original Landau distribution, but because it is in fact a close representation of the modified distribution. Predictions for pp and AA collisions at LHC energies in Landau hydrodynamics are presented.
Effect of delay and social distance on the perceived value of social interaction

Temporal discounting is a process by which the perceived value of an outcome decreases as delay increases. Social discounting is a process by which the perceived value of an outcome decreases as the social distance between the decision-maker and recipient increases. Both temporal and social discounting are well established for monetary outcomes. However, little is known regarding the effect of delay-to-occurrence or increased social distance on the perceived value of social interactions. The current study demonstrates that the decrease in perceived value for delayed social interactions is well described by the same hyperbola-like function used for monetary outcomes and that the rate of discounting decreases (indicating increased preference for larger, more delayed outcomes) as social distance increases. Conceptualizing the current discounting procedure as entailing both potential gains and losses, suggest that under certain circumstances, higher discount rates may not reflect increased preference.
Conductivity in semiconductors induced by vibrational-to-electronic energy transfer

Abstract A theoretical approach is presented for vibrational-to-electronic energy transfer at a semiconductor surface due to an impinging polar molecule. Results for the HCl + InSb and HCl + PbSe systems under thermal conditions indicate transition probabilities in the range 0.1 to 10%, which can be readily observed by experimental measurements of the semiconductor electrical conductivity.
Economic performance and U.S. Senate elections, 1958-1986*

Despite the use of several alternative estimation model specifications, no relationship was found between state economic performance and U.S. senatorial votes. On the other hand, a significantly positive relation was found between election year national real per capita income growth and the vote share of candidates of the incumbent president's party. Both of these results are broadly consistent with earlier findings for other state level elections. Upon further examination we find this effect to be operative only in the negative sense that the presidential party's senatorial vote share declines when economic performance is poor, but is not positively associated with above average economic performance. Further, the vote share of incumbent candidates, independent of party affiliation, is found to be lower in slow growth pre-election years than in years of above average growth. The estimate of the difference is such as to suggest a large and direct impact of national economic performance on votes for incumbent candidates themselves, independent of effects acting through party affiliation. Such an effect, despite its intuitive plausibility, has been sought (and found) in one previous study — Adams and Kenny. Since the high growth and the low growth sample means differ by about three percent, the 4 to 6 percent difference in vote plurality associated with incumbent candidacy in good versus poor performance periods translates into about the same impact as that operating through presidential party affiliation. Taking these effects together one may surmise than an incumbent senator of the president's party may rightly fear a pre-election recession.
Ultra High Resolution Electronic Imaging And Storage With The Return Beam Vidicon

The Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) is a high per-formance electronic sensor and electrical storage component. It can be operated with steady state or discrete exposures. At 100 1p/mm, RBV performance matches or exceeds the performance of high resolution film, particularly under low contrast conditions. Information can be read out with a single scan or in a multiframe manner for signal processing and for display on a CRT monitor. Electronic zoom can be employed effectively for data compression and for image magnification. The high performance and flexibility of the RBV permit wide application in systems for image sensing, storage, processing and transmission. This paper summarizes the principal characteristics of the RBV and describes recent improvements in performance achieved with a new electron gun of approximately 20 times the beam current capability previously available. These improvements include substantial increases in sensitivity and frame rate. Projections of performance are made for silicon target versions of the RBV currently under development for both sensing and electrical storage functions.
Image warping by scanline operations

Abstract Linear spatial image warping operations realized as 2 × 2 matrix multiplications lead to difficult computational problems owing to problems with sampling, resampling, and aliasing. A three-step method is proposed that minimizes these problems. Parallel implementation of the method is discussed. Examples are given.