cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vertical speed command performance improvement of a load factor command based autopilot for automatic landing by shaping the desired command during flare

In this paper the design methods for a flare controller for a general aviation aircraft Diamond DA42 are presented. The flare maneuver utilizes an existing vertical speed command controller, but increases its performance by applying a command filter as well as an additional feed forward command. The approach ensures a significant reduction of the system's rise time by approximately 45% and therefore a better tracking performance in respect to a desired continuous vertical speed command during flare. The advantage of modifying the command input is that the original vertical speed controller is not changed and verification and validation processes have not to be repeated for the existing system. The design process presented in this paper covers the design of a linear vertical speed command filter as well as an additional corresponding feed forward command.
Beyond the Threshold: The Dynamic Interface as Permeable Technology

The concept of spectatorship has evolved from a particular patriarchal perspective on the world that rejects embodied experience and allows the eyes to stand in for the body as a whole. What happens to the idea of the screen when we, like Alice, insert our whole body into it? What happens to the screen, the interface and to our subject position when we become interactive agents rather than passive observers? Exploring feminist and posthuman interfaces—new kinds of dynamic screen technologies—and the new subject positions artists are creating, this study of experimental works by Jill Scott, Martin Reiser, Toni Dove, Guillermo Gomez-Pena, and Rafael Lozano-Hemmer will demonstrate how these artists are actively making room for a diverse and more dynamic spectrum of bodies, presences and subjects.
COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT: AN ORGANISMIC DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH TO “DOCTOR-PATIENT” INTERACTION

ABSTRACT In integrating system theoretic concepts with the organismic-developmental terministic perspective, an approach to the analysis of doctor-patient communicative interaction is sketched. Emphasis is placed on the central role of developmentalism in the construction of theory inseparably tied to praxis. Details of the organismic-developmental perspective are used to contrast existing patterns of doctor-patient interaction with patterns deemed more efficacious and to differentiate this perspective from a current system theoretic model of the health care system.
Mathematical Framework for Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring of Marine Structural Systems

Real-time hybrid substructuring (RTHS) is a relatively new method of vibration testing that enables system-level characterization of highly complex, rate-dependent, or nonlinear physical components. Its predecessors are pseudo-dynamic testing in civil earthquake engineering and hardware-in-the-loop testing in mechanical and aerospace engineering. RTHS allows a coupled dynamic system to be partitioned into separate physical and numerical components or substructures. Feedback control using servo-hydraulic actuation is then used to interface the physical and numerical substructures together in real-time as a closed-loop hybrid test. This paper describes the mathematical framework for RTHS of marine structural systems, including the details of the control architecture for coupling physical and numerical substructures together and techniques for modeling the effects of fluid loading in real-time. This paper also presents a modification to a model-based feedforward–feedback actuator tracking controller using a minimum-phase inverse of the modeled actuator dynamics for the feedforward compensator. RTHS is applied to a notional marine structural system comprised of a one-dimensional (1D) fluid-loaded mass–spring system. Initial experimental results from uniaxial RTHS testing at the University of Connecticut Structures Research Laboratory are also presented.
Dynamic context for tracking behind occlusions

Tracking objects in the presence of clutter and occlusion remains a challenging problem. Current approaches often rely on a priori target dynamics and/or use nearly rigid image context to determine the target position. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to estimate the location of a target while it is hidden due to occlusion. The main idea behind the algorithm is to use contextual dynamical cues from multiple supporter features which may move with the target, move independently of the target, or remain stationary. These dynamical cues are learned directly from the data without making prior assumptions about the motions of the target and/or the support features. As illustrated through several experiments, the proposed algorithm outperforms state of the art approaches under long occlusions and severe camera motion.
Controlled diffusions with rapidly oscillating unknown parameter processes

This paper presents an asymptotic analysis of a controlled diffusion with an unknown system parameter process. The oscillation rate of the parameter process is assumed to be very fast. This gives rise to a limiting problem in which the unknown system parameter is replaced by its averaged mean value. A control for the original problem can be constructed from the optimal control of the limiting problem in a way which guarantees its asymptotic optimality. The convergence rate of the value function for the original problem is obtained. This helps in providing an error estimate for the constructed asymptotically optimal control.
Chemotherapy in older adult gynecologic oncology patients: Can a phenotypic frailty score predict tolerance?

Abstract Objective Evaluate the ability of an office-administered phenotypic frailty assessment to predict chemotherapy tolerance in older adult gynecologic oncology patients, and describe practice patterns for chemotherapy administration in this population. Methods Prospective, single-institution cohort study of gynecologic oncology patients 65 or older initiating chemotherapy. Phenotypic frailty testing at an office visit encompassed components of two validated frailty assessments: Fried Score (physical testing and patient response) and FRAIL Scale (patient response only). Patients were followed through three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Standard statistics examined the relationship of frailty to chemotherapy regimen, ability to complete chemotherapy, and complications. Results Eighty patients were included, 65% with ovarian and 34% with endometrial cancer. On average 57% of patients were fit, 32% intermediately frail, and 11% frail. 68% received adjuvant chemotherapy versus 32% neoadjuvant. The majority (81%) received IV chemotherapy on a 21-day cycle and 81% initially received a regimen consistent with standard-of-care chemotherapy (SOCC). Age was not associated with receiving SOCC, or tolerance or completion of chemotherapy. Frailty was associated with non-initiation of SOCC in all patients and inability to complete SOCC in adjuvant patients. Complications and regimen alterations were common but were not associated with frailty. Conclusions There is a need to develop tools to help physicians predict chemotherapy tolerance among older adult gynecologic oncology patients in order to prevent both under- and over-treatment while minimizing morbidity. However, in this study phenotypic frailty assessment had limited predictive utility. Among adjuvant chemotherapy patients, frailty was associated with inability to complete SOCC and thus may be helpful in selecting patients appropriate for less aggressive chemotherapy regimens.
Distributed Places

Distributed Places bring new support for distributed, message-passing parallelism to Racket. This paper gives an overview of the programming model and how we had to modify our existing, runtime-system to support distributed places. We show that the freedom to design the programming model helped us to make the implementation tractable. The paper presents an evaluation of the design, examples of higher-level API's that can be built on top of distributed places, and performance results of standard parallel benchmarks.
Energy and flavor discrimination using precision time structure in on-axis neutrino beams

We propose to use a higher-frequency rf bunch structure for the primary proton beam on target and precision timing to select different energy and flavor spectra from a wide-band neutrino beam, based on the relative arrival times of the neutrinos with respect to the rf bunch structure. This ``stroboscopic'' approach is complementary to techniques that select different neutrino energy spectra based on the angle with respect to the beam axis. A timing-based approach allows for the selection of varying energy spectra from the same on-axis detector, and applies equally to both the near and far detectors in an oscillation experiment. Energy and flavor discrimination of neutrinos produced by hadrons in-flight will require proton bunch lengths on the order of 100 ps and commensurate time resolution in the detector. Correlating neutrino events with the parent proton interaction is currently limited by the nanosecond-scale width of the proton bunches impinging on the target. We show that these limitations can be addressed by using a superconducting rf cavity to rebunch the present 53.1 MHz rf bunch structure with a factor of 10 higher rf frequency, thus attaining the required shorter bunch length.
From “Whores” to “Victims”: The Rise and Status of Sex Trafficking Courts

ABSTRACTViews of people involved in the commercial sex trade have shifted. Once seen as prostitutes or “whores,” they are increasingly perceived as exploited “victims.” The behavior associated with commercial sex has been redefined from voluntary and disreputable to coerced and deserving of rescue. This new framework is part of a broader anti-trafficking movement in society to recognize and save vulnerable individuals who are exploited for sex. In this context, the model of problem-solving or specialty courts has been extended to sex trafficking cases. The goal first is to identify trafficking victims–also known as “victim-defendants”–and then to address their risk factors with services. The current review examines the prevalence and the effectiveness of sex trafficking courts. Although some promising evaluations have been conducted, it remains unclear whether such courts are addressing the unique needs of victim-defendants. Investigating this question is essential, given that trafficking courts are likel...
Teaching Safety, Health, and Environment in Engineering Programs for Millennials: Ethics Is the Basis

Safety, health, and environment are required curricular topics by some organizations accrediting college engineering programs. These topics assume a level of common ethics among the students. The majority of current college students are millennials with unique world views, work experience, and learning styles. Also, common ethics cannot be assumed among global millennials steeped in moral relativism. Therefore, a positive approach to teaching ethics, experiential learning, artifactual ethical code reinforcement, and values-congruent behavior modeling is recommended for ethical development of future engineers.
A Formalising Economy

Using different quantitative variables together with the various interview accounts, this chapter shows that Paraguay’s economy is experiencing a formalisation process and that this formalisation surge cannot be explained by economic growth alone. It argues that the implementation of the deductible-personal income tax in 2012 led to a “change in culture” of market participants. This “change in culture” relates to a formalisation of market transactions, illustrated by a surge in officially documented purchases and rising value added- and firms’ corporate income tax contributions. It thus shows how the Paraguayan tax system nudges the final consumer to assists authorities in the formalising process.
Mining candidate gene for rice aluminum tolerance through genome wide association study and transcriptomic analysis

The genetic mechanism of aluminum (Al) tolerance in rice is great complicated. Uncovering genetic mechanism of Al tolerance in rice is the premise for Al tolerance improvement. Mining elite genes within rice landrace is of importance for improvement of Al tolerance in rice. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed in EMMAX for rice Al tolerance was carried out using 150 varieties of Ting’s core collection constructed from 2262 Ting’s collections with more than 3.8 million SNPs. Within Ting’s core collection of clear population structure and kinship relatedness as well as high rate of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay, 17 genes relating to rice Al tolerance including cloned genes like NRAT1, ART1 and STAR1 were identified in this study. Moreover, 13 new candidate regions with high LD and 69 new candidate genes were detected. Furthermore, 20 of 69 new candidate genes were detected with significant difference between Al treatment and without Al toxicity by transcriptome sequencing. Interestingly, both qRT-PCR and sequence analysis in CDS region demonstrated that the candidate genes in present study might play important roles in rice Al tolerance. The present study provided important information for further using these elite genes existing in Ting’s core collection for improvement of rice Al tolerance.
Phase Ib study to test the safety and activity of pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and trebananib (angiopoietin-2 inhibitor [Ang-2]) in patients with advanced solid tumors: Updated analysis of the colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort.

155Background: Ang-2 is produced by endothelial cells, predominantly in tissues undergoing vascular remodeling. Current studies suggest that Ang-2 partially suppresses T cell activation by increasi...
Auditory Gating in Hearing Loss.

Background Sensory gating is a measure used to evaluate inhibitory deficits underlying neurological disorders. However, the effects of hearing loss (HL), thought to decrease inhibition, remain unknown on gating function. Purpose The goal of this study was to investigate gating performance in HL. Research Design This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with independent group comparison and correlational design. Study Sample Eleven adults (mean age/standard deviation = 47.546 ± 7.967 years) with normal hearing (NH) and 11 adults (mean age/standard deviation = 56.273 ± 13.871 years) with mild–moderate high-frequency HL. Data Collection and Analysis Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in response to tonal pairs via high-density electroencephalography. The CAEP response to the second tone in the pair (S2) was compared with the response to the first tone in the pair (S1) within groups. Amplitude gating indices were compared between groups and correlated with auditory behavioral measures. Current density reconstructions were performed to estimate cortical gating generators. Results Amplitude gating indices were decreased and correlated with elevated auditory thresholds. Gating generators in temporal, frontal, and prefrontal regions were localized in the NH group, while HL gating was localized in mainly temporal and parietal areas. Conclusions Reduced inhibition may be associated with compensatory cortical gating networks in HL and should be considered when utilizing gating in clinical populations.
Foreign-Born Faculty's Perceptions and Experiences in a Turbulent Sociopolitical Climate.

This study investigated the experiences of five foreign-born faculty in the US after the 2016 election. Through a written questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, the participants shared their recollections of several critical incidents, their reactions to Trumpism, and their perceptions of support from their institutions. The analysis of the critical incidents revealed that while the participants experienced varying degrees of collegial support and sense of isolation, for some, their concern with Trumpism impacted their intent to stay at their institution and in the US. The article concludes with recommendations to increase diversity in faculty body, training US-born faculty about diversity and inclusivity, and increasing systems of support for foreign-born faculty in order to increase the recruitment and retention of foreign-born faculty.
The Yoke of Bondage: Slavery in Plymouth Colony

When Boston entered its pandemic lockdown in early March, it forced the cancellation of the Congregational Library's symposium “1620: New Perspectives on the Pilgrim Legacy.” With the cooperation o...
The Political Economy of Used Automobile Protection in Latin America

I N the wake of the debt crises of the early 1980s, Latin America embarked upon a process of trade liberalisation. The levels of both average tariffs and tariff dispersions fell throughout the region, as did the coverage of non-tariff barriers. In the case of used automobiles, however, this liberalisation has not, in general, taken place. Many Latin American countries retain significant restrictions on the imports of used automobiles even as liberalisation has occurred in the new automobile sector. From a factor proportions standpoint, these restrictions are difficult to justify. For a number of reasons elucidated by Sen (1962), used machinery should be imported relatively intensively into labourabundant countries such as those of Latin America. Further, this insight was specifically applied to the case of used automobiles by Grubel (1980). The key factor identified by Grubel is the lower repair costs of used automobiles in developing countries. Importantly, Grubel’s analysis suggests that the bulk of the gains from trade in used automobiles would accrue to the developing countries. Explaining Latin American protection against imports of used automobiles requires an exploration of the political economy of the protective measures. In this paper, we make a preliminary attempt at this exploration. We begin in the following section by presenting the degree of used passenger automobile protection in 24 Latin American and Caribbean countries. This is followed by a
Adding new ingredients to the recipe for successful embryo transfers

The success of a pregnancy and the birth of a heathy baby following embryo transfer are conditioned by many factors, including embryo quality and the uterine environment. While we keep looking for more indicators of embryo quality, it also is critical to understand what constitutes a favorable uterine environment leading to a successful pregnancy and birth. This issue of JARG offers new insights on both components-so called by some "the seed and the soil"-and also highlights the critical interactions between the two. Collectively, these publications are contributing to a better understanding of basic embryology and reproductive biology. They could lead to multiple applications to mitigate infertility issues; however, our knowledge base remains rudimentary when it comes to sorting out the 'soil or seed' dilemma. The call from all authors for more research in their respective areas resonates within the ART community. Recognizing the practical and ethical limitations of studies in human patients also reemphasizes the need for solid research in multiple animal models to better understand what constitutes the best recipe for successful embryo transfer outcomes.
Somite morphogenesis is required for axial blood vessel formation

ABSTRACT Angioblasts that form the major axial blood vessels of the dorsal aorta and cardinal vein migrate towards the embryonic midline from distant lateral positions. Little is known about what controls the precise timing of angioblast migration and their final destination at the midline. Using zebrafish, we found that midline angioblast migration requires neighboring tissue rearrangements generated by somite morphogenesis. The somitic shape changes cause the adjacent notochord to separate from the underlying endoderm, creating a ventral midline cavity that provides a physical space for the angioblasts to migrate into. The anterior to posterior progression of midline angioblast migration is facilitated by retinoic acid induced anterior to posterior somite maturation and the subsequent progressive opening of the ventral midline cavity. Our work demonstrates a critical role for somite morphogenesis in organizing surrounding tissues to facilitate notochord positioning and angioblast migration, which is ultimately responsible for creating a functional cardiovascular system. Summary statement Retinoic acid induced somite morphogenesis generates a midline cavity that accommodates migrating angioblasts, which form the axial blood vessels.
An Annotated Bibliography on 25 Peer-Reviewed Articles Dealing with Workplace Bullying

In preparation for a recent course, I gathered some more contemporary articles on workplace bullying. The Scandinavians began this research and have in many ways dominated the field with new insights on stress, health and gendered issues. Other scholars are following such inspiration by applying workplace bullying to health care, nursing, and higher education. Also, I have found more information on workplace bullying and the impact on heart health, diabetes, sleep and post-traumatic stress.
Spatiotemporal compressive sensing of full-field Lagrangian continuous displacement response from optical flow of edge: Identification of full-field dynamic modes

Abstract The present state of condition monitoring of civil infrastructure involves the application of a large number of contact-based vibration sensors at different locations of the structures. The traditional vibration sensors, such as accelerometers or strain gauges, require considerable effort in laying out the connection wires. Also, their cost of maintenance is quite high considering the harsh environment they are exposed to. In recent times, there is a growing urge in developing contactless, vision-based vibration sensors that potentially alleviate the previously mentioned drawbacks. In a previous paper, the authors proposed a framework of acquiring full-field spatiotemporal Lagrangian displacement response of a continuous vibrating edge from its video by computing the optical-flow of the edge using d’Alembertian of Gaussian filter. Such spatially dense measurements are required to compute full-field mode shapes. But, from the perspective of condition monitoring of large infrastructures, such spatially dense measurements record a large amount of high dimensional data over the whole period of acquisition time. It poses a considerable challenge in the form of an increase in storage and data transmission capacity. In this paper, such drawbacks are addressed by suggesting a computational strategy of spatiotemporal compressive sensing of the full-field Lagrangian displacement response from the video of the vibrating structure with unknown geometric properties and boundary conditions. The non-uniformly sampled data, simultaneously both in the spatial and temporal dimension, still retains the low order dynamics of the system from which the full-field and high dimensional displacement responses are reconstructed. Subsequently, the modal parameters and full-field mode shapes are estimated from the reconstructed full-field Lagrangian displacement response. The experimental validation of the proposed method satisfactorily reconstructs the dense full-field displacement response along with estimating full-field dynamic modes from the low-dimensional spatiotemporal sub-sampled measurement data for a three-story steel frame and an aluminum cantilever beam for different compression ratios. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated on a simulated wind turbine tower model with unknown geometry or boundary conditions. The full-field displacement response and mode shapes of the non-prismatic wind turbine tower with a concentrated mass at the top are successfully reconstructed from the noise-induced sub-sampled data.
Air pollution and environmental health disparities: how disadvantaged communities may be particularly susceptible to poor reproductive outcomes

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Disadvantage communities face differential exposure to high levels of air pollution and other environmental hazards. In addition to having fewer resources and several co-occurri...
Aerodynamic Performance Measurements for a Forward Swept Low Noise Fan

One source of noise in high tip speed turbofan engines, caused by shocks, is called multiple pure tone noise (MPT's). A new fan, called the Quiet High Speed Fan (QHSF), showed reduced noise over the part speed operating range, which includes MPT's. The QHSF showed improved performance in most respects relative to a baseline fan; however, a partspeed instability discovered during testing reduced the operating range below acceptable limits. The measured QHSF adiabatic efficiency on the fixed nozzle acoustic operating line was 85.1 percent and the baseline fan 82.9 percent, a 2.2 percent improvement. The operating line pressure rise at design point rotational speed and mass flow was 1.764 and 1.755 for the QHSF and baseline fan, respectively. Weight flow at design point speed was 98.28 lbm/sec for the QHSF and 97.97 lbm/sec for the baseline fan. The operability margin for the QHSF approached 0 percent at the 75 percent speed operating condition. The baseline fan maintained sufficient margin throughout the operating range as expected. Based on the stage aerodynamic measurements, this concept shows promise for improved performance over current technology if the operability limitations can be solved.
Elastic Buckling of Stiffened Plates

The purpose of this paper is to present results which may be used to develop design requirements for stiffened plates with aspect ratios greater than or equal to one subjected to compression and shear.
Rapid production of R 87 b Bose-Einstein condensates in a combined magnetic and optical potential

We describe an apparatus for quickly and simply producing $^{87}\text{R}\text{b}$ Bose-Einstein condensates. It is based on a magnetic quadrupole trap and a red-detuned optical dipole trap. We collect atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and then capture the atoms in a magnetic quadrupole trap and force rf evaporation. We then transfer the resulting cold dense cloud into a spatially mode-matched optical dipole trap by lowering the quadrupole field gradient to below gravity. This technique combines the efficient capture of atoms from a MOT into a magnetic trap with the rapid evaporation of optical dipole traps; the approach is insensitive to the peak quadrupole gradient and the precise trapping beam waist. Our system reliably produces a condensate with $N\ensuremath{\approx}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms every 16 s.
Factors Leading to the Formation of Arc Cloud Complexes.

A total of 12 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were investigated. The duration of the gust front, produced by each MCS, was used to classify the MCSs. Category 1 MCSs were defined as ones that produced a gust front and the gust front lasted for more than 6 h. There were 7 category 1 MCSs in the sample. Category 2 MCSs were defined as ones that produced a gust front and the gust front lasted for 6 h or less. There were 4 category 2 MCSs. The MCS of Case 12 was not categorized because the precipitation characteristics were similar to a squall line, rather than an MCS. All of the category 1 MCSs produced arc cloud complexes (ACCs), while only one of the category 2 MCSs produced an ACC. To determine if there were any differences in the characteristics between the MCSs of the two categories, composite analyses were accomplished. The analyses showed that there were significant differences in the characteristics of category 1 and 2 MCSs. Category 1 MCSs, on average, had higher thunderstorm heights, greater precipitation intensities, colder cloud top temperatures and produced larger magnitudes of surface divergence than category 2 MCSs.
Costs of compliance: agile in an inelastic organization

Doing agile development in a relatively inelastic environment, where policies and procedures are virtually unchangeable, creates an impedance mismatch between the agile team and its host organization. Our experience on a variety of embedded Java projects has shed some light on the costs of complying (or failing to comply), where we trialed everything from "refusal to comply" to "full compliance". Regardless of approach, there was always an associated cost, whether in redrafting documents, reducing functionality, spending time in meetings, losing focus on deliverables, or deteriorating morale. In keeping with the Agile philosophy, when our efforts were failing, we refactored our approach to managing the project in an effort to minimize the costs of compliance without adopting more risk to ensure success. In the end we were faced with the questions "How did we fare in the end? Which costs were worth bearing? Was it all worth it?".
Crystalline insoluble acid salts of tetravalent metals—XII: Synthesis and ion-exchange properties of microcrystalline cerium(IV) phosphate

Abstract A microcrystalline cerium(IV) phosphate with formula CeH2P2O8.1.33H2O has been synthesized and characterized by its X-ray diffraction pattern. Thermal stability, chemmial stability in solutions of various mineral acids, uptake curves for alkali metal ions and water vapour adsorption isotherms have been determined. Its ion-exchange properties are compared with those of amorphous and fibrous cerium(IV) phosphate.
Conscientious Refusals and Reason‐Giving

Some philosophers have argued for what I call the reason-giving requirement for conscientious refusal in reproductive healthcare. According to this requirement, healthcare practitioners who conscientiously object to administering standard forms of treatment must have arguments to back up their conscience, arguments that are purely public in character. I argue that such a requirement, though attractive in some ways, faces an overlooked epistemic problem: it is either too easy or too difficult to satisfy in standard cases. I close by briefly considering whether a version of the reason-giving requirement can be salvaged despite this important difficulty.
A modified discrete Fourier transform with a doubled frequency resolution

The frequency interval of an N-point DFT is 1/(NT), where T is the sampling interval in time and 1/T is the sampling frequency. If only N discrete time-domain samples are available and a higher frequency resolution (smaller frequency interval) is needed, then a DFT is usually calculated by zero-padding the N samples to effectively increase its length. Since the computation time for a DFT is proportional to the length of the data points, the zero-padding method results a significant increase in computation time. In this paper, a modified DFT that calculates 2N points in the frequency domain for a given N points in the time domain is developed.
Burst‐swimming performance predicts the outcome of cannibalistic interactions in green poison frog larvae (Dendrobates auratus)

Whole-animal performance (e.g., swimming speed, bite force) functions as a fundamental link between organism and environment and, as such, performance characteristics are important in determining the outcomes of agonistic interactions, both interspecific and intraspecific. Cannibalism is an intraspecific agonistic interaction for which winners may be expected to exhibit superior performance in characteristics relevant to cannibalistic behavior. The larvae of the Green Poison Frog (Dendrobates auratus) exhibit cannibalistic behavior in which “fast-starts” (i.e., high velocity and acceleration from a resting position) are used in attempts to bite and avoid being bitten by conspecifics. We tested the hypothesis that superior fast-start swimming performance is positively associated with winning cannibalistic interactions between similarly sized individuals. Fast-starts by larvae were imaged with a high-speed camera, and pairs of size-matched individuals then underwent interaction trials to determine whether swimming performance is associated with winning a cannibalistic interaction. Linear acceleration of the snout tip, approximating the position of the mouthparts used to attack an opponent, was significantly greater in winners than losers. At the estimated center of mass, generally representing a target for an attacking opponent, linear velocity and acceleration were significantly greater in winners than losers. Understanding the role of performance in intraspecific interactions can help elucidate how they contribute to population dynamics, and thus how such interactions ultimately drive morphological and behavioral evolution. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 495–504, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Origins of the Ideas in Evaluating with Validity

The book Evaluating with Validity (House, 1980) broadened the evaluation field's conception of validity by contending that evaluations should be true, coherent, and just. Untrue, incoherent, and unjust evaluations are invalid. The working ideas were argument, coherence, and politics. Truth is the attainment of arguments soundly made, beauty is the attainment of coherence well wrought, and justice is the attainment of politics fairly done. For the truth criterion, it wasn't designs or correlations that determined validity, but rather the validity of the arguments that supported the use of the designs and correlations. The broader conception of validity grew from addressing problems encountered in conducting evaluations. This chapter traces the origins of the ideas and the social context from which they emerged. It contends that these criteria still apply, though the contents of the criteria have changed somewhat and the context has changed substantially.
A RANTES-antibody fusion protein retains antigen specificity and chemokine function

The successful eradication of cancer cells in the setting of minimal residual disease may require targeting of metastatic tumor deposits that evade the immune system. We combined the targeting flexibility and specificity of mAbs with the immune effector function of the chemokine RANTES to target established tumor deposits. We describe the construction of an Ab fusion molecule with variable domains directed against the tumor-associated Ag HER2/neu, linked to sequences encoding the chemokine RANTES (RANTES.her2.IgG3). RANTES is a potent chemoattractant of T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, and expression of RANTES has been shown to enhance immune responses against tumors in murine models. RANTES.her2.IgG3 fusion protein bound specifically to HER2/neu Ag expressed on EL4 cells and on SKBR3 breast cancer cells as assayed by flow cytometry. RANTES.her2.IgG3 could elicit actin polymerization of THP-1 cells and transendothelial migration of primary T lymphocytes. RANTES.her2.IgG3 prebound to SKBR3 cells also facilitated migration of T cells. RANTES.her2.IgG3 bound specifically to the CCR5 chemokine receptor, as demonstrated by flow cytometry, and inhibited HIV-1 infection via the CCR5 coreceptor. RANTES.her2.IgG3, alone or in combination with other chemokine or cytokine fusion Abs, may be a suitable reagent for recruitment and activation of an expanded repertoire of effector cells to tumor deposits.
70 Years of Magnetospheric Modeling

Magnetospheric modeling began in the 1930s with Chapman and Ferraro. They made the first modular magnetospheric model. This overview covers the subsequent 70-year progression of modular models. The progression has reached a point where modular models, to be competitive, are becoming modules within global numerical codes.
Studies on polynucleotides. CXIX. Transcription of short double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids of defined nucleotide sequences.

The transcription of three short synthetic bihelical DNA's of defined sequence was studied with RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli. DNA-I is a completely base-paired duplex, DNA-II contains a single-stranded portion with a 3′-hydroxyl end group while DNA-III contains a protruding single-stranded region with a 5′-hydroxyl end group. All the three DNA's were transcribed by the polymerase but the RNA formed was heterogeneous. Initiation occurred at multiple sites with purine nucleoside triphosphates and there was evidence that both strands were transcribed. A part of the RNA formed had higher molecular weight than the template strands. Attempts to control initiation by using a complementary ribo-oligonucleotide primer and also rifampicin were only partially successful.
Queer Women’s Experiences Purchasing Clothing and Looking for Clothing Styles

The purpose of this study is to understand queer women's experiences when shopping for clothing, looking for style inspiration, and if they experience minority distress or discrimination during the...
Comparison of 5-year outcomes between pedicle screw and hybrid constructs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Object Pedicle screw fixation has been theorized to provide better correction of scoliotic deformity, but controversy over the benefits of pedicle screw–only constructs remains, and the longer-term impact of pedicle screw fixation as compared with hybrid constructs is unclear. In this study, a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was conducted to determine the longer-term impact of pedicle screw fixation as compared with hybrid constructs in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed a multicenter database of pediatric patients (ages ≤ 18) from 1995 to 2006 and identified 127 patients with Lenke Type 1–4 AIS curves with a minimum 5 years of follow-up. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on whether they had undergone pedicle screw fixation or fixation with hybrid constructs. Results The mean main thoracic curvature of 56.1° ± 13.0°, which corrected to 14.9° ± 9.3°, translated into a mean correction of 73% (p < 0.01). The cu...
From Print versus Manuscript to Sociable Authorship and Mixed Media: A Review of Trends in the Scholarship of Early Modern Publication

This review essay outlines current scholarship in literary sociability and social authorship, tracing the development of these trends from earlier scholarly treatments of print culture and manuscript culture during the early modern period. To contextualize this development, it surveys recent scholarship in manuscript studies and the history of the book that takes up the hypothesis that early modern print culture displaced the medieval oral and manuscript culture that preceded it. This hypothesis has been both explored and challenged by such scholars as Elizabeth Eisenstein, Peter Beal, D. F. McKenzie, Arthur Marotti, Harold Love, Margaret Ezell, and David McKitterick. Newer scholarship on early modern sociability by such historians as Peter Clarke, Anna Bryson, and Susan Whyman has been instrumental in shifting literary historical discussion away from the print versus manuscript culture hypothesis to one where print and manuscript represent only two of several media choices available to early modern authors. Following this shift from a focus on media to social conditions of authorship and reading, recent scholarship has explored the role culture plays in shaping media and genre choice in the early modern period.
Metabolic basis for the differential susceptibility of Gram-positive pathogens to fatty acid synthesis inhibitors

The rationale for the pursuit of bacterial type 2 fatty acid synthesis (FASII) as a target for antibacterial drug discovery in Gram-positive organisms is being debated vigorously based on their ability to incorporate extracellular fatty acids. The regulation of FASII by extracellular fatty acids was examined in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, representing two important groups of pathogens. Both bacteria use the same enzymatic tool kit for the conversion of extracellular fatty acids to acyl-acyl carrier protein, elongation, and incorporation into phospholipids. Exogenous fatty acids completely replace the endogenous fatty acids in S. pneumoniae but support only 50% of phospholipid synthesis in S. aureus. Fatty acids overcame FASII inhibition in S. pneumoniae but not in S. aureus. Extracellular fatty acids strongly suppress malonyl-CoA levels in S. pneumoniae but not in S. aureus, showing a feedback regulatory system in S. pneumoniae that is absent in S. aureus. Fatty acids overcame either a biochemical or a genetic block at acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in S. aureus, confirming that regulation at the ACC step is the key difference between these two species. Bacteria that possess a stringent biochemical feedback inhibition of ACC and malonyl-CoA formation triggered by environmental fatty acids are able to circumvent FASII inhibition. However, if exogenous fatty acids do not suppress malonyl-CoA formation, FASII inhibitors remain effective in the presence of fatty acid supplements.
Fluorescence enhancement of warfarin induced by interaction with β-cyclodextrin

Warfarin is the most common agent used for control and prevention of venous as well as arterial thromboembolism (blood clots). In aqueous media, warfarin forms inclusion complexes with a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, alpha, beta, gamma-cyclodextrins (CD). The formation of these complexes results in enhancement of the fluorescence of warfarin. Such spectroscopic changes offer a venue for the development of bioanalytical methodologies for warfarin quantification in biological liquids. We characterized the photophysical properties of warfarin in solvents with varying polarity and viscosity. The fluorescence quantum yield of warfarin correlated: (1) strongly with the solvent viscosity (R = 0.979) and (2) weakly with the solvent polarity (R = 0.118). These findings indicate that it is the change of the viscosity, rather than polarity, of the microenvironment that causes the fluorescence enhancement of warfarin upon binding to beta-CD. Utilizing the observed fluorescence enhancement in fluorescence titration measurements, the binding constants of warfarin to beta-CD were obtained (2.6 x 10(2) M(-1)-3.7 x 10(2) M(-1)). Using multivariable linear analysis, we extracted the stoichiometry of warfarin-beta-CD interaction (1:1).
The multifunctional protein OBF1 is phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract We have purified a DNA replication enhancer-binding protein, OBF1, from yeast cells grown in a medium containing 32P-labeled orthophosphate. The purified 32P-labeled protein comigrated on polyacrylamide gels with OBF1 bands identified by immunoblotting with anti-OBF1 antibodies. Furthermore, trypsin treatment of the 32P-labeled OBF1 revealed several phosphorylated peptides, suggesting that OBF1 is multiply phosphorylated in vivo. Incubation of phosphorylated peptides with calf intestinal phosphatase liberated the radiolabel as free phosphate, indicating a phosphoester linkage. Acid hydrolysis of the tryptic peptides revealed 32P-label label comigrating with phosphoserine; some of it, however, was also identified as phosphothreonine. Using anti-OBF1 antibodies, we cloned the OBF1 gene from a lambda gt11 yeast expression library. The DNA sequence of the isolated gene and its over-expression in yeast indicated that OBF1 is identical to ABF-1 and BAF1 proteins, believed to have a role in transcriptional repression and activation. Therefore, we suggest that OBF1 is a multifunctional protein, acting in transcription and replication, and that these activities are regulated by phosphorylation.
Vehicle electrification: on the "green" road to destination sustainability.

Abstract Energy security is a significant concern to the travel and tourism industry, this especially being the case in the United States (US). In response, one of the largest destinations in the country has spearheaded two initiatives supporting changes in travel patterns. This regional spotlight commences with an overview of US environment and energy security concerns. It then reviews government-based policies supporting green practices before showcasing Drive Electric Orlando and Green Destination Orlando as exemplar initiatives promoting destination sustainability at the local level. The spotlight paper concludes by highlighting the efforts of the transportation sector in contributing to destination-wide sustainability.
Biocatalysis in natural products chemistry

Abstract The properties of enzymes and microbial cells as biocatalysts useful in natural products chemistry are discussed from the perspective of the chemical transformations they catalyse. Attention is focused on numerous reactions of value to natural products chemists, including the acyloin condensation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, regio- and enantioselective ester hydrolyses, oxidations of aromatic and non-aromatic substrates, oxidoreduction and O - and N -dealkylations. Compounds considered in this review include amino acids, alkaloids, antibiotics, coumarins, naphthoquinones, quassinoids, rotenoids and mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenoid substrates. The value of biocatalysis compared with traditional chemical catalysis is considered within the broad framework of natural products chemistry, and the potential for using immobilized enzyme and cell technology is presented.
Hypothalamic opioid peptide regulation of catecholamine secretion.

Abstract We compared the plasma catecholamine responses to intracisternal β-endorphin with those to two mu receptor agonists. Morphine was less potent and [D-Ala 2 , Mephe 4 , Gly 5 -ol]enkephalin (DAGO) was more potent in stimulating catecholamine secretion. Since the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contains a high level of opioid binding sites and is important for sympathoadrenal regulation, we examined the effects on catecholamine secretion of DAGO infusion into the PVN. DAGO infused into the PVN produced dose-related increases in plasma catecholamine concentrations, with an effective dose as low as 10pmol. This DAGO effect was blocked by the prior systemic administration of naloxone, and DAGO was ineffective when infused into frontoparietal cortex. Thus, endogenous opioid peptides appear to increase central sympathetic outflow and catecholamine secretion by stimulating mu receptors in the PVN.
Family Impact Analysis and Social Work: It’s Time to Reconsider our Policy Analysis Strategy

FIA is an assessment strategy based on the family impact lens. The family impact lens examines the impact of policy on family well-being, ways that families could be supported to fulfill functions that achieve the goals of public policy, and makes an effort to determine whether families should be included in the administration of policy benefits or goals (Bogenschneider et al. 2012b). Assessment of policies is based off five principles with subcomponent questions to guide analysis: family responsibility, family stability, family relationships, family diversity, and family engagement (Bogenschneider et al. 2012a). Multiple arguments can be made towards the need for FIA and this information will be woven into the context of this editorial. However, I would like to highlight two primary reasons. First, there is a strong need and a growing trend of evidence-based policymaking (Huston 2008). Second, economic issues often take center stage in making policy but little or no attention may be paid to the actual impact of policies on families. Policymakers are quick to consult with economic researchers for intended or unintended consequences, but perhaps, social work researchers and practitioners should be consulted with to the same degree to determine how families might be impacted by changes in policy (Bogenschneider et al. 2012a).
Dental laboratory work authorization forms: a national survey of regulatory agency requirements.

This study reports a survey of the dental licensing agencies in the 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico concerning agency legislation and nomenclature of dental laboratory work orders. Differences in both legislation and nomenclature were found. Dental laboratory work authorization was the title most frequently used by the agencies. Nearly all agencies require a work order written by a licensed dentist to accompany all materials transmitted to a dental laboratory. This along with other sources of information may help to increase uniformity in the content of laboratory work authorization forms, thereby improving quality control in dental restorations made in commercial laboratories.