cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strings on AdS2 and the high-energy limit of noncritical M-theory

Abstract. Noncritical M-theory in 2+1 dimensions has been defined as a double-scaling limit of a nonrelativistic Fermi liquid on a flat two-dimensional plane. Here we study this noncritical M-theory in the limit of high energies, analogous to the alpha' --> infinity limit of string theory. In the related case of two-dimensional Type 0A strings, it has been argued that the conformal alpha' --> infinity limit leads to AdS_2 with a propagating fermion whose mass is set by the value of the RR flux. Here we provide evidence that in the high-energy limit, the natural ground state of noncritical M-theory similarly describes the AdS_2 x S1 spacetime, with a massless propagating fermion. We argue that the spacetime effective theory in this background is captured by a topological higher-spin extension of conformal Chern-Simons gravity in 2+1 dimensions, consistently coupled to a massless Dirac field. Intriguingly, the two-dimensional plane populated by the original nonrelativistic fermions is essentially the twistor space associated with the symmetry group of the AdS_2 x S1 spacetime; thus, at least in the high-energy limit, noncritical M-theory can be nonperturbatively described as a"Fermi liquid on twistor space.''
Electrolytic Extraction of Beryllium

Beryllium possesses certain unique mechanical and physical properties which make it a special engineering material and an important alloy addition. However, its low density, high reactivity and high melting point along with its occurrence in the form of a very stable beryl ore—containing only about five percent beryllium—make its extraction difficult. The electrowinning of beryllium from molten beryllium and sodium chloride salt-mix is a low temperature commercial process. Conversion of beryl ore into beryllia precedes the fused salt electrolysis and several purification techniques are followed to produce high purity beryllium metal. This paper reviews the existing major industrial processes for beryllium production. A modified beryllium chloride-beryllium fluoride fused salt electrolysis is suggested on similar principles but with added advantage of a semi-continuous high efficiency process. The electrode reactions for this salt system have been analysed on the basis of reaction rate theory and the influ...
Sequential gas‐solid reactions

A model is developed describing consecutive gas-solid reactions occurring in porous media. The model calls for independently measurable parameters and predicts two maxima in the reaction rate at intermediate conversions. The low temperature (350°C) reduction of hematite to iron in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere was used to test the model. The experimental data confirmed the expected rate maxima. The conversion predictions are very close to the data for conversions below 30%, but are systematically somewhat lower than the experimental values for higher levels of conversion. An explanation for the discrepancy is offered in terms of the description of the pore structure.
Has Leviathan Been Bound? A Theory of Imperfectly Constrained Government with Evidence from the States

This paper develops a formal theory that combines power-maximizing "Leviathan" political parties with well-defined imperfections in the political process. The model implies that both parties tend to make government larger as their likelihood of electoral victory increases. Empirical tests on state-level data confirm this prediction. Racing the Leviathan hypothesis against alternative theories of party motivation indicates that both the Leviathan and the "contrasting ideologies" views have some degree of validity. The "Leviathan" motive of politicians to maximize their power is a central assumption of the public choice approach to political economy.' This approach has been strongly attacked for underestimating the importance of competitive checks on politicians; Wittman (1989, 1995) in particular broadly argues that electoral competition is an effective solution to whatever principalagent problem might exist between politicians and voters. Yet recent research in political economy (Dixit and Londregan 1995, 1996, 1998; Grossman and Helpman 1996) casts renewed doubt on the efficiency of political markets. Formal models incorporating imperfections in the electoral process show that politicians have the latitude to deviate somewhat from citizen interests. Although politicians face constraints, they retain some measure of monopoly power, a conclusion consistent with the public choice literature. The main difference between recent political economy and the public choice tradition arises from their assumptions about politicians' objective functions. The public choice approach tends to view all political parties as power maximizers, whereas others see parties as either vote
Nanometer-scale size dependent imaging of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capped and uncapped gold nanoparticles by apertureless near-field optical microscopy

Apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (ANSOM) is used to image optical near-field light scattering from uncapped gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles capped with the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The measurements investigate the gold-particle size-dependent signals and the modification of those signals by the spacer layer of commonly used CTAB in the visible at λ = 633 nm. Imaging of capped nanoparticles by apertureless near-field microscopy opens the possibility to predict quantitative layer thicknesses of capping agents on the surface of nanoparticles, as well as the effect of capping layers on the optical scattering properties of nanoparticles.
Colonization and the Rule of Law: Comparing the Effectiveness of Common Law and Civil Law Countries

The rule of law is one of the most important components of any explanation of cross-national differences in economic well-being. But what leads to better rule of law in a country? Using an institutional approach this paper probes the effect of legal systems in influencing the rule of law. There has long been speculation that the countries adopting English common law are better at providing legal dispute resolution than those adopting the continental forms of civil law. That speculative assessment is found to be true only in those countries that have been colonized, further analysis demonstrates that it is the effectiveness of the protection of property rights in common law systems rather than the institutions themselves that influence rule of law statistics. The paper calls for a more refined examination of legal systems which takes into consideration whether law is organically developed or transplanted.
The rapidity of price adjustments to information

Abstract This analysis suggests a relationship between the rapidity of price adjustments to information and the accuracy or reliability of the information, as it is perceived by investors. To understand this relationship, we construct a competitive two-person trading game in which investors use an equilibrium strategy to determine their level of investment in information processing. Then, we relate this equilibrium level to the rapidity of price adjustments. The relationship is subtle, however, and in different circumstances the rapidity of price adjustments may increase or decrease as the level of accuracy or reliability of the information changes. In a final section, we argue that aspects of our analysis may be useful for providing a positive theory for the rapidity of price adjustments in a securities market.
Potential Interaction of Pendimethalin and Systemic Insecticides for Thrips Control in Cotton

Pendimethalin (N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine) can be preemergence (PRE) applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) up to 2 d after planting (DAP). Delayed application in combination with excessive moisture (rainfall or irrigation) can result in seedling injury. The systemic insecticides aldicarb [(2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propanal O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime] and imidacloprid [(EZ)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] are used at planting for thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) control. Experiments were conducted in Georgia to determine if pendimethalin injury to cotton would reduce insecticide efficacy and thus lead to increased thrips injury and subsequent reduced cotton growth or delayed maturity. Treatments included three insecticide treatments; none, imidadoprid at 0.044 kg ha -1 a.i., and aldicarb 15G at 0.8 kg ha -1 a.i., in combination with five herbicide applications; none and pendimethalin at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ha -1 a.i. applied either PRE or 2 DAP. Variables measured included thrips infestation, stand count, leaf area, root length, stem length, dry weights, nodes above white flower, first position boll retention, and seed cotton yield. Results indicate significant differences in early season cotton growth relative to herbicidal injury and lack of insectiddal thrips control. However, there was no significant insecticide × herbicide interactions, indicating no apparent loss of insecticide efficacy after pendimethalin injury.
Multimodal Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia

Cesarean deliveries can be associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Appropriate management of pain is important because it results in better patient satisfaction, earlier mobilization, and improved maternal-infant bonding. There are many individual options for treatment of pain; however, multimodal analgesic therapy has become the mainstay of treatment. In this article, the epidemiology of postcesarean delivery pain, pain mechanisms, and the multiple options available to providers for treatment of postoperative pain are discussed.
Harmonic generation as a probe of dissipation at a moving contact line.

We use the pressure generated by a small-amplitude oscillatory flow to probe the dynamics of moving contact lines. By measuring the Fourier amplitude at harmonics of the applied frequency as a function of the steady-state velocity, we are able to determine the velocity dependence of the excess dissipation caused by the moving contact line. We find that the pressure drop associated with this dissipation scales as a power of the contact-line velocity V as ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathrm{cap}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{V}}^{\mathit{x}}$, with x=0.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. We discuss these results in terms of recent theoretical models.
VI. Atmospheric friction on even surfaces

(1904). VI. Atmospheric friction on even surfaces. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 8, No. 43, pp. 58-67.
Assessing the potential of change in institutions.

The present article discusses the importance of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of key institutional personnel prior to attempting program innovations. The importance of such individuals in “making” or “breaking” effective programs is emphasized, and various key hospital staff members are described. A simple evaluation process is discussed with the purpose of better anticipating problem areas in program development. It was concluded that in some cases, project implementations should not be attempted when assessed personnel problems appear capable of seriously limiting the effectiveness of a program.
Topographic effects in rapidly-rotating fluids: flow over a transverse ridge

A simple model of the Antarctic Ocean has been built in order to study the dynamical effects of transverse ridges on the circumpolar oceanic flow. By covering a wide range of model shapes and sizes and by varying the rotation rates of both the fluid container and the plate that drives the interior flow, we have uncovered certain dimensionless parameters that appear to govern the basic flow patterns and volume flux. The effect of combining several topographic features is also explored in a preliminary experiment.
Serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) among selected populations of children and adults in California.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial applications and consumer products. Their persistent nature and potential health impacts are of concern. Given the high cost of collecting serum samples, this study is to understand whether we can quantify PFC serum concentrations using factors extracted from questionnaire responses and indirect measurements, and whether a single serum measurement can be used to classify an individual′s exposure over a one-year period. The study population included three demographic groups: young children (2–8 years old) (N=67), parents of young children ( 55 years old) (N=59). PFC serum concentrations, house dust concentrations, and questionnaires were collected. The geometric mean of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was highest for the older adults. In contrast, the geometric mean of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was highest for children. Serum concentrations of the parent and the child from the same family were moderately correlated (Spearman correlation (r)=0.26–0.79, p<0.05), indicating common sources within a family. For adults, age, having occupational exposure or having used fire extinguisher, frequencies of consuming butter/margarine, pork, canned meat entrees, tuna and white fish, freshwater fish, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of individual PFCs. For children, residential dust concentrations, frequency of wearing waterproof clothes, frequency of having canned fish, hotdogs, chicken nuggets, French fries, and chips, and whether they ate microwave popcorn were significant positive predictors of individual PFC serum concentrations. In addition, the serum concentrations collected in a subset of young children (N=20) and the parents (N=42) one year later were strongly correlated (r=0.68–0.98, p<0.001) with the levels measured at the first visits, but showed a decreasing trend. Children had moderate correlation (r=0.43) between serum and dust concentrations of PFOS, indicating indoor sources contribute to exposure. In conclusion, besides food intake, occupational exposure, consumer product use, and exposure to residential dust contribute to PFC exposure. The downward temporal trend of serum concentrations reflects the reduction of PFCs use in recent years while the year-to-year correlation indicates that a single serum measurement could be an estimate of exposure relative to the population for a one-year period in epidemiology studies.
Virtual classrooms and interactive remote instruction

SUMMARY Through the integration of high speed computer networks and interactive multimedia workstations, the IRI (Interactive Remote Instruction) system creates a geographically dispersed virtual classroom. Each student participates in a lesson using a personal workstation which can be used to view multimedia lectures, to make presentations, to take notes in a multimedia notebook and to interact via audio/video and shared computer tools. We compare this approach with other modes of instruction and describe lessons learned from the instructor, student and technical perspectives.
Sequential multivessel coronary angioplasty assessed by thallium-201 tomography.

In 11 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, SPECT thallium-201 imaging was performed prior to and within 3 days after each of two sequential percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties on separate days designed to achieve total revascularization. Thallium-201 SPECT was analyzed quantitatively, and an ischemic score for the vascular bed(s) supplied by the dilated vessel(s) was derived. For the vessels dilated during the first procedure the mean diameter stenosis was 80 {plus minus} 8%, reduced to 27 {plus minus} 9%. For the second procedure mean stenosis was reduced from 67 {plus minus} 10% to 26 {plus minus} 6%. For the two procedures, the mean thallium scores decreased from 298 {plus minus} 225 to 115 {plus minus} 130 (P less than .001) and from 135 {plus minus} 129 to 46 {plus minus} 60 (P less than .001), respectively. Of 10 patients with abnormal thallium-201 SPECT prior to angioplasty, nine improved after the first procedure, and seven improved further following the second procedure. Thus, utilizing staged angioplasty with a strategy of dilating the most severe lesion first, thallium-201 SPECT documented progressive improvement in myocardial perfusion.
SIRT5 Deacetylates Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 and Regulates the Urea Cycle

Sirtuins are NAD-dependent protein deacetylases that connect metabolism and aging. In mammals, there are seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7), three of which are associated with mitochondria. Here, we show that SIRT5 localizes in the mitochondrial matrix and interacts with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), an enzyme, catalyzing the initial step of the urea cycle for ammonia detoxification and disposal. SIRT5 deacetylates CPS1 and upregulates its activity. During fasting, NAD in liver mitochondria increases, thereby triggering SIRT5 deacetylation of CPS1 and adaptation to the increase in amino acid catabolism. Indeed, SIRT5 KO mice fail to upregulate CPS1 activity and show elevated blood ammonia during fasting. Similar effects occur during long-term calorie restriction or a high protein diet. These findings demonstrate SIRT5 plays a pivotal role in ammonia detoxification and disposal by activating CPS1.
Synthesis of a reaction intermediate analogue of biotin-dependent carboxylases via a selective derivatization of biotin.

An efficient and practical synthesis of 1, a unique reaction intermediate analogue of biotin-dependent carboxylases, is described. The synthesis features a selective acylation of the 1‘-N of biotin. Target 1 inhibits the activity of the biotin carboxylase component of acetyl CoA carboxylase. It is the first known biotin-derived inhibitor of biotin carboxylase and should promote new kinetic and structural studies of the biotin-dependent carboxylases.
Economic Structure and Economic Development

WHAT A COUNTRY can produce in any given period of time depends upon three variables: the technology available to its inhabitants,' the institutional framework of the country,2 and the structural (quantitative) relationship3 that exists among that country's population, resources,4 and technology. By modifying any one of these variables, the other two remaining constant or moving in the same direction (both cases are possible), the national product of a society can be increased (or decreased if the movements are in the opposite direction). If, for example, we remove part of the population of an over-populated country,5 we have, in fact, removed a structural weakness of that country and made it possible for the remaining population to use better techniques which were available but which could not have been used as long as the removed population stayed there; i.e., the small peasants of Southern Italy, and those of Northern Italy for that matter, were and are aware of the existence of tractors, mechanical devices and
Beliefs About Hypnosis: Popular Beliefs, Misconceptions, and the Importance of Experience

Contemporary views and opinions about hypnosis were sampled with a modified version of McConkey's Opinions About Hypnosis (OAH) scale. The OAH was administered at 2 different times, 1 month apart, to 276 undergraduate students. Approximately half of the participants completed the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A, between the survey sessions. Results indicated that the experience of being hypnotized modified a majority of the opinions sampled, with participants expressing less stereotypic views about hypnosis after being hypnotized. Expressed opinions and beliefs about hypnosis failed to meaningfully correlate with hypnotizability scores.
Preparation and Infrared Properties of Aluminum Oxide Films

A method for the preparation and mounting of thin aluminum oxide films from ordinary household aluminum foil is described. Free films covering a circular area of 3.3 cm2 and as thin as 250 A were mounted on glass rings. Infrared reflectance and transmission measurements show that there is absorption beyond 11 microns for even the thinnest films.
Induction of Smectic Layering in Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Immiscible Components. 5. Laterally Attached Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Poly(norbornene)s and Their Low Molar Mass Model Compounds with Short Fluorocarbon Segments

5-[[[2‘,5‘-Bis[(4‘ ‘-n-((perfluoroalkyl)alkoxy)benzoyl)oxy]benzyl]oxy]carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes with short fluorocarbon segments were polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization in THF at room temperature using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2Ph)(OtBu)2 as the initiator. Although hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon segments as short as three methylenic units each induce smectic layering in the corresponding 2,5-bis{[4‘-(n-(perfluoroalkyl)alkoxy)benzoyl]oxy}toluene model compounds, the polymers require at least eight and three, or five and four methylenic units in the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon segments, respectively, to organize into smectic layers; polymers with shorter hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon segments are nematic.
Coordinating Care — A Perilous Journey through the Health Care System

Patients with chronic illness often receive care from multiple providers in multiple settings and require coordination of their complex care. This report assesses the quality of the coordination of care, describes barriers to coordinated care, and discusses some solutions to improve care coordination in the United States.
Reproduction and Food Habits of Merriam's Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys merriami

Collections of Merriam's kangaroo rat ( Dipodomys merriami ) were made from a creosote bush community near Las Vegas, Nevada, during the period 30 May 1962 to 31 January 1965. All months of the year were represented and 985 specimens were examined. The reproductive condition of all specimens was determined. Some males were in reproductive condition, as evidenced by scrotal testes or abdominal testes 5 millimeters long or longer, during all months of the year. Approximately 50 per cent or more males were in reproductive condition during the period February through September. Some females were reproductively active in the period January through August. Visible embryos, recent placental scars, lactation, and swollen vulva were the criteria for determining reproductively active females. Two or more litters may not be uncommon. The stomachs of 740 kangaroo rats were examined and food items were separated into categories of seeds, greens, and insects. The diet is primarily made up of seeds. Greens were an important source of food in the period February through May and again in August. Greens made up more than 30 percent by volume of the stomach contents during these months. We suggest that greens are utilized primarily as a source of water during the period of reproduction.
A Critical Role for the Protein Apoptosis Repressor With Caspase Recruitment Domain in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

Background—Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal syndrome associated with the pathogenic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and the emergence of apoptosis-resistant cells. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is an inhibitor of multiple forms of cell death known to be abundantly expressed in striated muscle. We show for the first time that ARC is expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary vasculature and is markedly upregulated in several experimental models of PH. In this study, we test the hypothesis that ARC expression is essential for the development of chronic hypoxia-induced PH. Methods and Results—Experiments in which cells or mice were rendered ARC-deficient revealed that ARC not only protected pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from hypoxia-induced death, but also facilitated growth factor-induced proliferation and hypertrophy and hypoxia-induced downregulation of selective voltage-gated potassium channels, the latter a hallmark of the syndrome in h...
The Psychologist as Health Care Clinician

Clearly, the health care field is turf dominated by the physician, and working in that field means involvement with physicians. As we will explore below, physician-psychologist contact in the health care field has been characterized—especially of late—by some friction. Accommodating to and constructively dealing with interprofessional role strain will be facilitated by knowing something of the history of medical/psychological involvement and something about the contemporary forces at work at that interface.
A typology-based approach to adopting effective management styles for enterprise systems

Enterprise systems can be categorized into certain forms based on their characteristics and in response to the business environment. Such classification results in development of various typologies for systems, each addressing certain analytical requirements. Categorizing systems based on their flexibility is an example of such typologies. While several typologies of systems have been developed, more research on choosing effective styles of management, based on the right degree of freedom and level of control for each category, is required. In this paper, we describe the spectrum of existing managerial approaches. Since understanding available methodologies of systems classification helps decision-makers in selecting more appropriate management styles for different systems, we analyze the flexibility-based typology of systems and map its categories with the described styles of management. This typology-based approach for adopting management styles can increase the effectiveness of management practices while decreasing the complexity of decision-making in today's dynamic environment.
Diffusion of color in the simple exclusion process

We prove a diffusion scaling limit for the macroscopic densities of colored particles performing the simply excluded random walk, and relate this to the limiting behavior of a test particle in equilibrium.
For the People and by the People: A New Proposal for Defining Industry Standards in Computer Software

My note, titled For the People and by the People: A New Proposal for Defining Industry Standards in Computer Software, focuses on the increasingly contentious world of standard setting organizations (SSOs) in the software and hardware industries, where industry leaders and upstarts alike jostle for acceptance of their products while (at least perfunctory) working together in these groups to adopt the best technologies. Obviously, this dichotomy between commercial and societal concerns sometimes act at odds with each other, leading to cries of patent misuse, anti-trust violations, and various other abuses. All the while, government SSOs such as the NIST tend to remain on the sidelines, waiting for the market participants to remedy internal squabbles and accepting the end result. My paper proposes a more proactive approach by the federal government and, in particular, its own SSOs to spur on standards' adoption in America. Through governmental support and moderation, both large and small companies will be able to take part in a far more democratic and true standards adoption process, be able to voice concerns and seek protection from abuses long before they enter the courtroom, and in effect standardize the standardization process.
Xrootd Monitoring for the CMS Experiment

During spring and summer of 2011, CMS deployed Xrootd-based access for all US T1 and T2 sites. This allows for remote access to all experiment data on disk in the US. It is used for user analysis, visualization, running of jobs at computing sites when data is not available at local sites, and as a fail-over mechanism for data access in jobs. Monitoring of this Xrootd infrastructure is implemented on three levels. Basic service and data availability checks are performed by Nagios probes. The second level uses Xrootd's "summary data" stream; this data is aggregated from all sites and fed into a MonALISA service providing visualization and storage. The third level uses Xrootd's "detailed monitoring" stream, which includes detailed information about users, opened files and individual data transfers. A custom application was developed to process this information. It currently provides a real-time view of the system usage and can store data into ROOT files for detailed analysis. Detailed monitoring allows us to determine dataset popularity and to detect abuses of the system, including sub-optimal usage of the Xrootd protocol and the ROOT prefetching mechanism.
Association of Parental Heart Failure with Risk of Heart Failure in Offspring

Background The association between heart failure in parents and the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the risk of heart failure in their offspring has not been investigated in a community-based setting. Methods We examined the cross-sectional association of heart failure in parents with the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as well as left ventricular mass, internal dimensions, and wall thickness, in 1497 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study (mean age, 57 years; 819 women) who underwent routine echocardiography. We also investigated prospectively whether heart failure in parents increased the risk of heart failure in 2214 offspring (mean age, 44 years; 1150 women). Results As compared with the 1039 participants whose parents did not have heart failure, the 458 participants in the cross-sectional cohort who had at least one parent with heart failure were more likely to have increased left ventricular mass (17.0 percent vs. 26.9 percent), left ventricular internal dimensions (18.6 percent vs. 23.4 percent), and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (3.1 percent vs. 5.7 percent); the multivariable- adjusted odds ratios were 1.35 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.84), 1.29 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.72), and 2.37 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.22 to 4.61), respectively. In the longitudinal cohort, heart failure developed in 90 offspring during follow-up (mean length of follow-up, 20 years). The age- and sex adjusted 10-year incidence rates of heart failure were 2.72 percent among offspring with a parent with heart failure, as compared with 1.62 percent among those without a parent with heart failure. This increase in risk persisted after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.60). Conclusions Heart failure in parents is associated with an increased prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction cross-sectionally and an elevated risk of heart failure longitudinally. Our data emphasize the contribution of familial factors to the heart failure burden in the community.
Treatment of American dermal leishmaniasis with cycloguanil pamoate

Abstract Cycloguanil pamoate repository was given intragluteally to 50 patients with dermal and mucocutaneous infections of Leishmania braziliensis . In 41 patients there was clinical and parasitological cure with one injection of the drug; 3 others were cured by 2 injections. The cure rate was therefore 88% with cycloguanil pamoate alone. 5 patients received antimony treatment after failing to respond to cycloguanil pamoate alone. One patient with mucocutaneous manifestations continued to be positive for L-D bodies throughout the study. Systemic and other reactions to the drug were minimal and did not preclude its use.
Brillouin scattering studies of polymeric nanostructures

For a range of applications, polymers are now being patterned into nanometer-sized features. In these applications, the robust mechanical properties of the nanostructures are critical for performance and stability. Brillouin light scattering is presented as a nondestructive, noncontact tool used to quantify the elastic constants in such nanostructures. We demonstrate this through a series of thin films and parallel ridges and spacings (gratings) with ridge widths ranging from 180 to 80 nm. For the set of films and structures presented here, the room-temperature elastic moduli did not change with decreasing film thickness or grating ridge width, and this implied that one-dimensional and two-dimensional confinement-induced changes of the mechanical properties were not significant down to feature sizes of 80 nm. Additionally, Brillouin spectra of submicrometer gratings revealed new modes not present in the spectra of thin films. The origin of these new modes remains unclear. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1106–1113, 2004
Predicate migration: optimizing queries with expensive predicates

The traditional focus of relational query optimization schemes has been on the choice of join methods and join orders. Restrictions have typically been handled in query optimizers by “predicate pushdown” rules, which apply restrictions in some random order before as many joins as possible. These rules work under the assumption that restriction is essentially a zero-time operation. However, today's extensible and object-oriented database systems allow users to define time-consuming functions, which may be used in a query's restriction and join predicates. Furthermore, SQL has long supported subquery predicates, which may be arbitrarily time-consuming to check. Thus restrictions should not be considered zero-time operations, and the model of query optimization must be enhanced.In this paper we develop a theory for moving expensive predicates in a query plan so that the total cost of the plan — including the costs of both joins and restrictions — is minimal. We present an algorithm to implement the theory, as well as results of our implementation in POSTGRES. Our experience with the newly enhanced POSTGRES query optimizer demonstrates that correctly optimizing queries with expensive predicates often produces plans that are orders of magnitude faster than plans generated by a traditional query optimizer. The additional complexity of considering expensive predicates during optimization is found to be manageably small.
Pyoderma Fistulans Sinifica (Fox Den Disease): A Distinctive Soft-Tissue Infection

Pyoderma fistulans sinifica (PFS, also referred to as fox den disease because its multiple fistulae and sinuses resemble the structure of a fox den) is a distinct chronic infectious disease in which epithelialized tracts form within the subdermal fatty tissue. PFS, which has not been previously described in the English-language literature, must be differentiated from hidradenitis suppurativa, pilonidal sinus, and perianal fistula. The fistulous tracts of PFS are always lined by stratified squamous-cell epithelium but, unlike those of hidradenitis, reach deep into the subcutaneous fat, run epifascially for long distances, and have no relation to skin appendices. We report on 10 men (mean age +/- SD, 36 +/- 5 years) with PFS (mean duration +/- SD, 11 +/- 7 years). Bacterial cultures of affected tissue from these patients yielded a total of 14 facultative and 31 obligate anaerobic species. Treatment consisted of wide en-bloc excision down to the fascia, including all fistulae. Antibiotic therapy temporarily reduced purulent discharge but did not eradicate the infection. Two patients who underwent fistulotomy without wide en-bloc excision developed recurrences.
Differences in Views of Family Life According to Age, Gender, and Parental Marital Status

A sample (N = 706) of children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults were surveyed with regard to their views of family. Young adults endorsed more nontraditional views than children and older adults and were more likely than other age groups to indicate that there is no best family type. Children and older adults were more likely than adolescents and young adults to endorse married or living together parents as the best family type. Women and respondents who had experienced parental divorce endorsed traditional views of family less strongly, but women also endorsed stronger expectations for their own family formation. Findings support the possibility of both developmental and sociocontextual influences on attitudes toward family life.
Guest Editors Introduction: Special Issue on Scientific Cloud Computing

The papers in this special section contribute important advances towards leveraging clouds for scientific applications. The contributions focus on a broad range of topics, including: performance modeling and optimization, data management, resource allocation and scheduling, elasticity, reconfiguration, cost prediction and optimization. Most papers revolve around general techniques and approaches that are agnostic of the applications, while two contributions demonstrate how domain specific scientific applications can be migrated to the cloud.
Consumers' Dynamic Switching Decisions in the Cellular Service Industry

This paper develops an empirical framework to analyze consumer's dynamic switching decision in the cellular service industry. It first incorporates the sequential problem of quantity, plan and firm subscription choice in the presence of switching costs into a dynamic structural model, which allows for fully heterogeneous consumers and multiple switching possibilities across networks. The model is estimated using the data set on the number of switching consumers and the evolution of observed plan/firm characteristics over time. Based on the BLP-style estimation methods, we combine a nested technique that uses parametric assumptions with the structural estimation algorithm. The magnitude of switching costs is estimated and it turns out that switching costs vary across networks. A dynamic model with restricted number of switching is likely to underestimate the switching costs. Lower switching costs encourage consumers to switch relatively early. Change in the variety of optional plans and plan characteristics also play a great role in the consumers' switching decision.
Modeling Privacy Aware Health Information Exchange Systems

Healthcare delivery requires the coordination of activities across many diﬀerent service providers and organizations and generally requires the secure exchange of health information across organizations. Privacy and care management policies at the federal, state, and institutional level lead to a confusing array of potentially contradictory or subjective policy interpretations. Enforcement of these policies is equally problematic. In this paper we present a novel approach that may simplify policy creation, interpretation, and implementation in health information systems. Our approach uses the tools of Model Integrated Computing and Logic Programming to alliteratively reduce the gap between functional system requirements and the privacy policies that are mandated by the Government and the Institution. This approach will provide both insight and explanatory power that may lead to simpler and more consistent policies across jurisdictions. The automatic generation of executable code from the system suggests a scalable approach to policy enforcement.
Lidocaine as a topical anesthetic for bladder biopsies.

Abstract The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the position of the Army or the Department of Defense. The use of lidocaine as a topical anesthetic in bladder biopsies is described. Lidocaine was used in 7 patients undergoing random bladder biopsies and serum lidocaine levels were measured 7 to 10 minutes after instillation. Adequate pain control was noted in each patient with negligible serum lidocaine levels even in the face of denuded bladder mucosa.
Plato Avant la Lettre: Authenticity in Plato's Epistles

Plato's Epistles are among the most disputed texts of antiquity. Were they written by Plato? Some of them? all? none? Answers have varied wildly: at times all thirteen have been declared forgeries, alien to the thought and character of the Plato we know from the dialogues; at other times, the whole set has been accepted as a genuine, if unexpected, revelation of the life and preoccupations of Plato as a man. Since this debate has so far proved intractable, I would like to take a different approach to the question. The Epistles themselves raise obsessively the question of authenticity. If, laying aside all issues of provenance for the time being, we read the thirteen letters as a corpus (whether by Plato or someone else), what emerges from this philosophical ‘text’ is the impossibility of an authentic written philosophy and of an authoritative self-present philosopher.
The Role of Paleoecology in Restoration and Resource Management—The Past As a Guide to Future Decision-Making: Review and Example from the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, U.S.A

Resource managers around the world are challenged to develop feasible plans for sustainable conservation and/or restoration of the lands, waters, and wildlife they administer – a challenge made greater by anticipated climate change and associated effects over the next century. Increasingly, paleoecologic and geologic archives are being used to extend the period of record of observed data and provide information on centennial to millennial scale responses to long-term drivers of ecosystem change. The development of paleoecology from an emerging field investigating past environments to a highly relevant applied science is reviewed and general examples of the application of paleoecologic research to resource management questions in diverse habitats and regions are provided. Specific examples of the application of paleoecologic research to the restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida (U.S.A) are presented. Conducting valuable scientific research that would benefit resource management decisions, however, is not enough. Scientists and resource managers need to be engaged in collaborative discussions from the beginning of the research process in order to ensure that management questions are being addressed and that the science reaches the people who will benefit from the information. Paleoecology and related disciplines provide an understanding of how ecosystems and individual species function and change over time in response to both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Information on pre-anthropogenic baseline conditions is provided by paleoecologic research, but it is the detection of long-term trends and cycles that allow resource managers to set realistic goals and targets by moving away from the fixed-point baseline concept to one of dynamic landscapes that anticipates and incorporates an expectation of change into decision-making.
The Impact of Adding “Active” White Space to a Logo Design on the Clarity of Brand Communication and Evaluation: A Structured Abstract

Advertising research suggests that the use of white space increases readability, engages attention, reduces clutter, adds depth, and enhances the focal message delivery (Ambler and Hollier 2004; Pracejus et al. 2006; Olsen et al. 2012). Research on logo design also places a great emphasis on design simplicity, as a minimal design elucidates a more clear or vivid brand meaning, and facilitates easier recognition and recall (Janiszewski and Meyvis 2001; Pimentel and Heckler 2003). The current research attempts to bring these two research streams together in exploring the effects of adding white space to nonverbal logo designs on brand perceptions.
Mild Telomere Dysfunction as a Force for Altering the Adaptive Potential of Subtelomeric Genes

Subtelomeric regions have several unusual characteristics, including complex repetitive structures, increased rates of evolution, and enrichment for genes involved in niche adaptation. The adaptive telomere failure hypothesis suggests that certain environmental stresses can induce a low level of telomere failure, potentially leading to elevated subtelomeric recombination that could result in adaptive mutational changes within subtelomeric genes. Here, we tested a key prediction of the adaptive telomere failure hypothesis-that telomere dysfunction mild enough to have little or no overall effect on cell fitness could still lead to substantial increases in the mutation rates of subtelomeric genes. Our results show that a mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis with stably short telomeres produced a large increase in the frequency of mutations affecting the native subtelomeric β-galactosidase (LAC4) gene. All lac4 mutants examined from strains with severe telomere dysfunction underwent terminal deletion/duplication events consistent with being due to break-induced replication. In contrast, although cells with mild telomere dysfunction also exhibited similar terminal deletion and duplication events, up to 50% of lac4 mutants from this background unexpectedly contained base changes within the LAC4 coding region. This mutational bias for producing base changes demonstrates that mild telomere dysfunction can be well suited as a force for altering the adaptive potential of subtelomeric genes.
Mixing Studies in Patients With Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time or Prothrombin Time

BACKGROUND:Patients presenting for surgery may have isolated or combined prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and/or prothrombin time (PT). In patients not receiving anticoagulants or with no identifiable cause for abnormal clot formation, a mixing study is performed. The index of
Liquid–liquid phase separation in artificial cells

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology is a recently appreciated means of intracellular compartmentalization. Because the mechanisms driving phase separations are grounded in physical interactions, they can be recreated within less complex systems consisting of only a few simple components, to serve as artificial microcompartments. Within these simple systems, the effect of compartmentalization and microenvironments upon biological reactions and processes can be studied. This review will explore several approaches to incorporating LLPS as artificial cytoplasms and in artificial cells, including both segregative and associative phase separation.
Race, Ethnicity, and Trial Avoidance: A Multilevel Analysis:

Minority criminal defendants are more likely than White defendants to exercise their right to trial, which is concerning given that research also consistently finds trial sentences to be harsher th...
Real-time 3D scene reconstruction and localization with surface optimization

A real-time 3D scene reconstruction and localization system with surface optimization is proposed. The dense 3D point cloud model is created by utilizing rotation and orientation invariant feature matching along with loop-closure detection algorithm on RGB-D images in a mobile robot. The high resolution and smooth mesh model is implemented on a GPU based computer through wireless communication.
The carriage house and stables in South African domestic architecture

This study encompasses a neglected area of domestic architecture. It shows how important the carriage house and stables were in contemporary architectural theory and, by means of a number of actual South African suburban examples how this theory was put into practice. Similarities and differences are also noted while the conclusion attempts to establish the lowest rung on the local social ladder that such an important adjunct to domestic architecture could be expected to be found.