cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fossil communities of the upper Trenton Group (Ordovician) of New York State

During the late Trentonian the New York State region experienced gentle crustal subsidence which preceded the onset of the Hudson Valley phase of the Taconic Orogeny. The lower and middle Steuben Limestone represents several shallow-water facies: a protected shoal, a wave dissipation zone and a shallow shelf. Overlying strata of the upper Steuben and the Hillier limestones represent progressively deeper water facies. After a short period of uplift, which produced a minor unconformity, black shales began to bury the Trenton carbonate platform. Three fossil communities are found in the upper Trenton Group. Each had been present on the Trenton bank since it first formed. The Liospira Community existed on the shallow protected shoal facies of the Steuben Limestone. Its assemblages are dominated by brachiopods, gastropods, bryozoans, and crinoids. The Encrinurus Community was found in the wave dissipation zone and on the shelf facies. This diverse community was dominated by brachiopods, bryozoans, and crinoids. The Trematis Community is found in the deeper shelf deposits of the Hillier Limestone. It was a very heterogeneous community with brachiopods, crinoids, gastropods, trilobites, and conodonts all represented. These communities have now been traced through a minimum of eight million years of their history and it is now possible to evaluate their patterns of community evolution. At the species level these communities were quite changeable. Between 45% and 55% of the species which were present in the lower Trenton Group were replaced by the late Trentonian. Despite this changeover, the communities maintained a remarkably familiar look because there was great stability at higher taxonomic levels and the same proportions of brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, etc., were maintained throughout the Trentonian. Community trophic group structure also seems to have been quite stable throughout the Trentonian. If these patterns are representative, then these invertebrate communities appear to be genuinely stable entities. Evolution changes the cast of characters but the play is the same!
Sm-Nd Dating

The Sm-Nd system is useful for determining crystallization ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It has proven especially valuable for dating mafic and ultramafic rocks that are, in general, difficult to date using other methods. The principles of Sm-Nd dating are identical to those of Rb-Sr dating, which have been discussed in detail elsewhere (e.g. Lanphere et al. 1963; Faure 1977). The underlying assumption is that at some time Tx in the past, all the minerals in a rock have identical values of the ratio 143Nd/144Nd, but have different ratios of 147Sm/144Nd. This starting point is shown in Fig. 2.1 by the open circles representing minerals A, B, and C. The open circle labelled “TR” represents the whole rock, which is just the sum of the minerals, and thus must also have the same 143Nd/144Nd. As time progresses 147Sm atoms decay to 143Nd atoms, so 147Sm/144Nd decreases and 143Nd/144Nd increases. The positions of the minerals and rock on this diagram move along the arrows shown, which have a slope of -1.
Evaluating Electronic Resources Checklist

Lawyers are spending more time on the Internet sorting through the mass of material available to them, trying to decide what information is relevant, useful, and reliable. The author offers the following checklist as a uniform evaluation process to help readers decide when to trust electronic information.
A Discussion of the Correlation of Critical Conditions for Bare Homogeneous Reactors

An investigation was conducted to determine whether simple parameters could be found which could correlate the critical conditions for bare homogeneous reactors. In connection with this, a study was made of the results of an 18- group analysis which covered a group of reactors using Be, BeO, C, D/sub 2/O, Li/ sup 7/H, and H/sub 2/O as moderators, over a wide range of moderator-to-uranium (U-235) mole ratios. The correlation was applied to the results of several criticality experiments. (B.O.G.)
High-mobility group box protein 1 promotes the survival of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by inducing autophagy

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are immune-suppressive cells that are elevated in most individuals with cancer, where their accumulation and suppressive activity are driven by inflammation. As myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression, we are determining how their viability is regulated. Previous studies have established that the damage-associated molecular pattern molecule high-mobility group box protein 1 drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation and suppressive potency and is ubiquitously present in the tumor microenvironment. As high-mobility group box protein 1 also facilitates tumor cell survival by inducing autophagy, we sought to determine if high-mobility group box protein 1 regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell survival through induction of autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy increased the quantity of apoptotic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, demonstrating that autophagy extends the survival and increases the viability of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Inhibition of high-mobility group box protein 1 similarly increased the level of apoptotic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell autophagy, demonstrating that in addition to inducing the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, high-mobility group box protein 1 sustains myeloid-derived suppressor cell viability. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells have a default autophagic phenotype, and tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells are more autophagic, consistent with the concept that inflammatory and hypoxic conditions within the microenvironment of solid tumors contribute to tumor progression by enhancing immune-suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that in addition to previously recognized protumor effects, high-mobility group box protein 1 contributes to tumor progression by increasing myeloid-derived suppressor cell viability by driving them into a proautophagic state.
Aircraft control surface failure detection and isolation using the OSGLR test

The performance of the orthogonal series generalized likelihood ratio (OSGLR) test in detecting and isolating commercial aircraft control surface and actuator failures is evaluated. A modification to incorporate age-weighting which significantly reduces the sensitivity of the algorithm to modeling errors is presented. The steady-state implementation of the algorithm based on a single linear model valid for a cruise flight condition is tested using a nonlinear aircraft simulation. A number of off-nominal no-failure flight conditions including maneuvers, nonzero flap deflections, different turbulence levels and steady winds were tested. Based on the no-failure decision functions produced by off-nominal flight conditions, the failure detection and isolation performance at the nominal flight condition was determined. The extension of the algorithm to a wider flight envelope by scheduling on dynamic pressure and flap deflection is examined. Based on this testing, the OSGLR algorithm should be capable of detecting control surface failures that would affect the safe operation of a commercial aircraft. Isolation may be difficult if there are several surfaces which produce similar effects on the aircraft. Extending the algorithm over the entire operating envelope of a commercial aircraft appears feasible.
The cultivation of pathogenic fungi on a molybdenum medium.

1. None of the pathogenic fungi cultured on the molybdenum medium could be confused with C. albicans.2. The selective and differential properties of the medium make it highly specific for the ident...
Biology Trumps Management: Feedbacks and Constraints of Life-History Traits

The geologic record suggests a diverse array of reef-building corals will survive increasing CO2, but the relative prevalence of different types will shift and the reefs will become degraded and eroded. Although many corals may not go extinct, if pH decreases effectively, reef ecosystem services will deteriorate because bioerosion will accelerate and, for some coral species, net skeletal construction will require more energy when the aragonite saturation state decreases. A similar pattern of many genera of reef-building scleractinian corals surviving, but with relatively little reef accretion, was seen through the roughly 140 million years from the Late Jurassic to the late Paleogene when the calcite seas (Mg/Ca mole ratio <2) and pH <7.8 were unfavorable for aragonitic reef accretion. The geologic record suggests that the corals most vulnerable to extinction were the fast-growing branching species because the traits that provide fast growth have tradeoffs with traits that provide tolerance of stressful environments. Iteroparous animals such as corals are adapted for survival under stressful conditions at the expense of fecundity. Surveys have recorded widespread decreases in living coral cover, but the less visible decrease in fecundity from stress may be more insidious to population recovery. Reduced fecundity and less dense population distribution can act synergistically to produce Allee effects in sessile animals such as corals. Natural coral-reef ecosystems give the appearance of inverted trophic pyramids, but when fished down by about 80 %, recovery has usually not happened, possibly because the larger individuals in the populations were a major source of fecundity. Although biomass of eukaryotes appear to be in inverted trophic pyramids, the turnover and energy is in the form of standard pyramids and although large individuals in the upper trophic levels are especially sensitive to exploitation, subsistence economies can be maintained by harvesting the medium-sized individuals. Large individuals matter more than population biomass because of the distinct roles of large individuals in ecological processes maintaining coral-reef ecosystems and the relatively large reproductive potential of big fishes. The functional traits of both the coral-reef ecosystem and its component animals provide a greater potential for exploitation by globalization in a service-based economy than with an extractive economy, as exemplified by Palau.
Promoting Cardiovascular Health in Men

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States (USA) and the leading cause of mortality in men, killing 307,384 men in 2010. Although the age-adjusted heart disease death rate decreased 30 % from 257.6 to 179.1 deaths per 100,000 population between 2000 and 2010, heart disease still accounts for approximately 1 in 4 deaths among males [1]. Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality for men across most racial/ethnic groups in the USA, including African Americans, American Indians or Alaska Natives, Hispanics, and whites. For Asian American or Pacific Islander men, heart disease is second only to cancer as the leading cause of mortality [2]. About 8.5 % of all white men, 7.9 % of black men, and 6.3 % of Mexican American men have coronary heart disease. Half of the men who die suddenly of coronary heart disease have no previous symptoms. It is thought that between 70 % and 89 % of sudden cardiac events occur in men [3]. High blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and smoking are key risk factors for heart disease. About half of Americans (49 %) have at least one of these three risk factors [4].
“Keeping Each Patient Safe”:Quality Safety Teaching/Learning Packets

Article-at-a-Glance Background University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) McKeesport developed a tool, the UPMC McKeesport Quality Safety Teaching/Learning Packet, to provide physicians, nurses, and therapists with a common language to address complex safety issues. Teaching/learning packets were developed to "keep each patient safe": by calling for help early; from falls and confusion; and from hospital-acquired infections (http://McKeesport.upmc.com/KeepingPatientsSafe.htm). Teaching/Learning Packets In July 2002, the concept of calling for help early became a requirement at UPMC McKeesport. The code team was to be called for any significant change in status and for traditional code arrests. In 2004, a teaching/learning packet addressed the concepts of fall risk and acute (delirium) and chronic (dementia) confusion. Strategies were implemented to reduce the rate of falls through risk screening and interventions for falls and delirium. In April 2004, a teaching/learning packet was introduced to reduce hospital-acquired infections, and professionals were positioned to better address isolation, hand hygiene, central-line–associated bacteremia, Clostridium difficile , and appropriate antibiotic usage. Summary and Conclusions Three quality safety teaching/learning packets, which provided the professionals in the organization with the common language (culture) to advance patient safety, accomplished rapid change and were well accepted by staff and physicians.
Synchronic and Diachronic Luck

In the present paper I argue that luck attributions are structured by points of view. In particular, whether one is prepared to say that an event or a person is lucky is partly determined by one’s temporal perspective. If an event is seen in isolation, at a moment in time, it might not be a matter of luck at all, but when the same event is considered as an element in a temporal series, then it becomes either lucky or unlucky. Since neither temporal point of view enjoys any kind of logical priority or metaphysical privilege, it is not possible to make consistent assignments of luck without first assuming a synchronic or a diachronic point of view. Since no extant theory of luck acknowledges or incorporates such points of view, all fall short of adequacy. This failure matters broadly in philosophy, because understanding luck underwrites a number of philosophical projects.
Density of Pectoral Antwrens (Herpsilochmus pectoralis) (Family: Thamnophilidae) in northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT We estimated the population density of Pectoral Antwrens (Herpsilochmus pectoralis) at the EMPARN (Rio Grande do Norte State Agriculture Research Company) Experimental Station, Brazil. During data collection, four transects ranging between 550 and 720 m were surveyed twice a week from February to August 2013. A total of 59.7 km were surveyed, where 77 sightings were made. We observed 1.3 individuals/km, and we estimated density to be 85 individuals/km2. The density obtained for Pectoral Antwrens is compatible with that observed for the species in other studies and comparable to that found for other Thamnophilidae. The data generated in this study serve for future estimates of species conservation status.
Using Single Nucleotide Variations in Single-Cell RNA-Seq to Identify Tumor Subpopulations and Genotype-phenotype Linkage

Despite its popularity, characterization of subpopulations with transcript abundance is subject to significant amount of noise. We propose to use effective and expressed nucleotide variations (eeSNVs) from scRNA-seq as alternative features for tumor subpopulation identification. We developed a linear modeling framework SSrGE to link eeSNVs associated with gene expression. In all the cancer datasets tested, eeSNVs achieve better accuracies and visualization than gene expression for identifying subpopulations. Previously validated cancer relevant genes are also highly ranked, confirming the significance of the method. In summary, SNV features from scRNA-seq data have merits for both subpopulation identification and linkage of genotype-phenotype relationship. The method is available at https://github.com/lanagarmire/SSrGE.
CERTS microgrids with photovoltaic microsources and feeder flow control

A promising approach is proposed for extending the appealing features of the CERTS microgrid concept beyond its robust plug-and-play and autonomous control characteristics to include the integration of photovoltaic (PV) microsources with reduced volatility at the grid interface. The steady-state and transient characteristics of a proposed CERTS PV microgrid that incorporates a droop-controlled PV inverter source and a feeder flow-controlled microsource are explored under a variety of demanding conditions including time-variant changes in irradiance, microgrid islanding, and load change events. The proposed configuration exhibits well-behaved transient responses for a variety of events, as well as the ability to maximize the harvest of PV energy during all modes of operation. Simulations and experimental results from a CERTS microgrid testbed are provided to validate the proposed approach.
The Pulse-to-Cycle Fraction as a Determinant of Critical Flicker Fusion in the Pigeon

Critical flicker fusion frequencies were determined as a function of pulse-to-cycle fraction for four white Carneaux pigeons. The Estes-Skinner conditioned-suppression paradigm was used to assess the thresholds. Five pulse-to-cycle fractions (.10, .25, .50, .75, .90) were studied at each of five stimulus intensities extending over a range of 6 log units (30,300 to .0303 millilamberts). All animals showed a uniform relationship between the different pulse-to-cycle fractions. At high brightness levels, the shortest pulses produced the highest thresholds. As pulse-to-cycle fraction was increased at this intensity, critical frequencies were reduced almost linearly. When brightness was successively reduced the same relationship between PCF values was observed, but the differences became progressively smaller and disappeared entirely at the lowest brightness level investigated (.0303 millilamberts). Inter and intra-subject variability were well within the limits typically found in human psychophysical studies of flicker, attesting to the efficacy of the conditioned suppression paradigm as a procedure for threshold assessment.
Analog and Time Division Multiple Access Wireless Communications

This chapter focuses on the analogy and time division multiple access wireless communication. It has helped to fetch out the history of wireless communication from its past. The background of the wireless communication is described step-by-step. This includes a description of early digital innovations, frequency reuse enabled by low cost microprocessors and RF synthesizers as well the digital signal processor (DSP). Further, using digital voice compression technology, known as vocoders, the required data rate can be decreased. The original goal of second-generation digital systems was a large increase in capacity compared with analog mobile phone systems based upon FM technology.
Growth strategies and threshold responses to water deficit modulate effects of warming on tree seedlings from forest to alpine

Predictions of upslope range shifts for tree species with warming are based on assumptions of moisture stress at lower elevation limits and low‐temperature stress at high‐elevation limits. However, recent studies have shown that warming can reduce tree seedling establishment across the entire gradient from subalpine forest to alpine via moisture limitation. Warming effects also vary with species, potentially resulting in community shifts in high‐elevation forests. We examined the growth and physiology underlying effects of warming on seedling demographic patterns. We evaluated dry mass (DM), root length, allocation above‐ and below‐ground, and relative growth rate (RGR) of whole seedlings, and their ability to avoid or endure water stress via water‐use efficiency and resisting turgor loss, for Pinus flexilis, Picea engelmannii and Pinus contorta seeded below, at and above tree line in experimentally warmed, watered and control plots in the Rocky Mountains, USA. We expected that growth and allocation responses to warming would relate to moisture status and that variation in drought tolerance traits would explain species differences in survival rates. Across treatments and elevations, seedlings of all species had weak turgor‐loss resistance, and growth was marginal with negative RGR in the first growth phase (−0.01 to −0.04 g g⁻¹ day⁻¹). Growth was correlated with soil moisture, particularly in the relatively small‐seeded P. contorta and P. engelmannii. Pinus flexilis, known to have the highest survivorship, attained the greatest DM and longest root but was also the slowest growing and most water‐use efficient. This was likely due to its greater reliance on seed reserves. Seedlings developed 15% less total DM, 25% less root DM and 11% shorter roots in heated compared with unheated plots. Higher temperatures slightly increased DM, root length and RGR where soils were wettest, but more strongly decreased these variables under drier conditions. Synthesis. The surprising heat inhibition of tree seedling establishment at the cold edge of forests appears to have a physiological basis: newly germinated seedlings have poor moisture stress tolerance, which appears related to marginal initial growth and heavy reliance on seed reserves. Variation in these attributes among tree species at tree line helps explain their different climate responses.
Overview of the Woodcock-Johnson IV: Organization, Content, and Psychometric Properties

This chapter included an overview of the organization, content, and psychometric properties of the Woodcock-Johnson IV (WJ IV). We reviewed the CHC (Cattell–Horn–Carroll) theory and theoretical underpinnings of the WJ IV. The description of WJ IV tests and composition of WJ IV clusters was also presented.
A risk-based decision making tree for managing fractured abutment and prosthetic screws: A systematic review

Abstract Statement of problem In implant dentistry, a variety of techniques are used to manage fractured abutment and prosthetic screws. All of them pose various degrees of difficulty to both the clinician and patient and risk involving damage to the implants and prostheses. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to classify and organize the various reported techniques for managing fractured abutment and or prosthetic screws into a risk-based, decision making tree that could be used to guide the clinician through this difficult and time-consuming clinical procedure. Material and methods A systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles published before June 2016 was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Studies published in English that described a clinical technique to retrieve or manage a fractured abutment or prosthetic screws were included. Techniques were classified according to risk of irreversible damage to the implant. Low-risk techniques were defined as those involving the use of basic hand instruments and instrument modification; moderate-risk techniques were defined as those involving the use of screw retrieval kits, rotary instruments, and screw modification; and high-risk techniques were defined as those involving modification of the implant. Published techniques were then organized into a decision-making tree. Results A total of 35 articles were included. The reported techniques ranged from straightforward instrumentation and instrument modification to screw or implant modifications. Seven techniques were considered low risk, 17 moderate risk, and 11 high risk. Conclusions The proposed risk-based decision tree is a useful tool in helping clinicians choose the most appropriate strategy or sequence of strategies that offers maximum benefit to the patient while minimizing associated risks.
Modeling of Dark Count Rate of InGaAs/InP Single Photon Avalanche Photodiode Gated with Soliton Signal

Dark count rate (DCR) of InGaAs/InP SPAD is modeled using soliton gating signal and compared to experimental counts of sinusoidal gating. Simulation results show that soliton has fewer effects of excess voltage on DCR.
Technology Readiness Levels Improving R&D Management: A Grounded Theory Analysis

The strategic management of an organization is well understood and there are several different frameworks and methodologies available to develop and implement strategies that will put the organization on the right track and make it more competitive. Nevertheless, the ability to manage technology and to assess and choose the right technologies to be used and to be invested in is not that well understood and developed. The technology readiness is important to be measured and managed, so that organizations have the chance to make better decisions on which technologies to rely on and when. Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) is a method developed by NASA nearly 40 years ago and it has been proven to help organizations to manage their technologies. The aim of this paper is to understand, in more details, how TRL can help organizations and what are the potential implications of using it to the betterment of R&D management. Interviews were conducted with technology managers and researchers. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data, and the results indicate that TRLs can improve R&D management. Some hypotheses were formulated and should be confirmed or refuted by future research.
Whither the Middle Class? Financialization, Labor Institutions, and the Gap between Top- and Middle-Income Earners in Advanced Industrial Societies

Recent research shows that financial activities expand the wage gap between affluent and middle-class workers in advanced industrial societies. Furthermore, a well-established literature indicates that differences in labor institutions may be responsible for cross-national variations of income inequality in developed countries. Surprisingly, there is no empirical research examining whether the positive association between financialization and income inequality is conditioned by differences in wage coordination. We contribute to this comparative income inequality literature by testing the claim that wage-setting institutions suppress the inequality-widening effects of finance in advanced industrial societies. To test this contention, we compile an unbalanced panel dataset of 20 developed economies during the years 1988 to 2009. According to our results, financial activities are a robust positive predictor of 90–50 inequality. More importantly, the interaction of financialization and wage coordination returns significant negative associations with the dependent variable. These results are found to be consistent across different estimation techniques and numerous regression parameters.
An analysis of editorial board members’ publication output in agricultural economics and policy journals

This article explores the extent to which editorial board members (EBMs) of agricultural economics journals publish their research in their own journals. Journals were selected from the Journal Citation Report® from the category Agricultural Economics and Policy. Only research articles published between 2012 and 2016 were included in our analysis. We focused on the indicators concerning the share of board members publishing in their own journals, the share of articles authored by board members and on the share of board members’ articles published in their own journals and the citation response of their articles. The share of articles authored by editorial board members (7.7%) conforms to results in other branches. The share of articles that EBMs publish in their own journal, the share of non-publishing EBMs and the share of EBMs’ articles that remained uncited are strongly but inversely correlated with journals’ bibliometric characteristics. Most journals show a non-zero share of the EBMs, which publish solely in their own journal (up to 27%).
Evaluation of anticoagulation use and subsequent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation after empiric surgical left atrial appendage closure: A retrospective case-control study

Background Surgical exclusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) can be performed at the time of cardiac operation as a potential modality to decrease cardioembolic risk attributable to atrial fibrillation (AF), but it remains unclear if this decreases stroke incidence. Furthermore, it is not known whether LAA exclusion impacts the decision to discontinue anticoagulation impacting subsequent stroke risk. Hypothesis LAA exclusion does not significantly alter subsequent anticoagulation use or stroke incidence. Methods We studied 124 patients from Olmsted County with prior history of AF who underwent cardiac surgery at our institution between 1993 and 2015. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of LAA exclusion and matched (1:1) according to 16 pretreatment variables using propensity scores obtained from a logistic regression model. Outcome data collected through chart review for survival, stroke, and the presence and duration of anticoagulation were compared between groups. Results The proportion of patients receiving anticoagulation at discharge and at 5 years was not significantly different between patients who underwent LAA exclusion and those who did not; 90% vs 81%, P = 0.156, 48% vs 49%, P = 0.722, respectively. On Kaplan-Meier analysis there were no significant differences in time free from stroke between cases and controls. Patients discharged on oral anticoagulation (OAC) had significantly lower risk of stroke (HR = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06-0.59, P = 0.004), independent of whether LAA closure was used. Conclusion LAA exclusion did not appear to reduce early or late stroke. Only OAC was associated with a reduction in stroke risk, underscoring the need for continued anticoagulation in high-risk patients.
Principal Component Analysis and Extensions

This chapter introduces principal component analysis (PCA), a technique for dimension reduction in multivariate datasets. At its core there is a matrix decomposition technique called singular value decomposition, which is introduced at the beginning of this chapter. This is followed by PCA model formulation, computation, and an application. Relationships with exploratory factor analysis are discussed as well. Subsequently, some PCA variants such as robust and sparse PCA are briefly discussed. The final two sections introduce two extensions of PCA. The first one is three-way PCA for three-way input data structures. The second one is called independent component analysis and illustrated using electroencephalography (EEG) data.
Charles E. Winquist

Charles Winquist, more than anyone else, embodied what might be termed the “Syracuse school” of theology and was deeply influential upon his students there. Although Winquist was disconnected to the church, his work in theology remained close to the church and in his writing he explored the intersection of radical theology and postmodern theory, particularly on the concept of “desire.” This chapter introduces him to a novice reader.
Frontline narratives on sustainable development challenges/opportunities in the ‘illegal’ gold mining region of Madre de Dios, Peru: Informing an integrative collaborative response

Abstract Gold-mining regions like Madre de Dios, Peru, present considerable sustainable development challenges, with opportunities obscured. ‘Illegal’ artisanal miners embody vulnerability: they go un-recognized as stakeholders in formal policy processes, yet hold a major stake in their outcomes. Narratives on development challenges and opportunities from those on the frontline are invaluable for understanding complex socio-ecological issues and crafting responses. Notwithstanding challenges, local people have remarkably constructive visions for a sustainable future. Using a socio-technical transitions conceptual frame and an integrative collaborative practical frame, narrative data and field observations were used to answer: 1) What are the existing relationships amongst actors, and how do these illustrate stakeholder diversity and socio-ecological complexity conundrums? 2) What structural and practical deficiencies in the existing system do narratives reveal, and – pointedly - what visions do local people have for development? 3) What kind of integrative collaborative sustainable development process is called for in this context, and what capacities need building? Local actors – including ‘illegal’ miners – express the need to: constructively engage with diverse actors; integrate knowledge types; develop long-, medium-, and short-term goals; carefully consider spatial scale; and increase socio-technical capacity. Findings offer insights for re-conceptualizing artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) formalization processes.
FROM THE CLASSROOM TO THE BOARDROOM: CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMS THAT INTEGRATE THEORY AND PRACTICE ONSITE WITH BUSINESS EXECUTIVES

Building upon existing experiential learning processes, this paper presents an extended experimental learning framework for creating Corporate Engagement Programs (CEPs). The research answers the AACSB call for “engagement programs” which leverage passive and active pedagogies to connect in-class-lessons to engagement activities with corporate executives, helping bridge the gap between skills of marketing graduates and expectations of hiring managers. We present two CEPs using a seven-phase framework. Mixed-methods results suggest the programs successfully link in-class lessons to professional applications across five focal (SMART) objectives. Challenges, benefits, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications

Abstract The study of the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetics and genomics has been an integral part of the field since the 1990s, when Congress established a program to promote research related to these issues as part of the Human Genome Project. Known generally as Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI), this research seeks to identify, understand, and make recommendations regarding the challenges posed by genetic information, technologies, and practices for individuals, families, and communities. Increasingly, clinicians are finding themselves in the position of having to navigate ELSI issues as a result of the expanding universe of genetic tests that have been developed for clinical use. Today, genetic tests can be used not only to diagnose health conditions but also to identify carrier status, characterize genetic risk, and guide treatment decisions. This chapter addresses ELSI issues associated with the clinical use of genetic tests that clinicians are most likely to confront in practice. These include issues related to deciding what type of test to order, obtaining the patient’s informed and voluntary consent to conduct testing, and facilitating communication of the results to the patient and, with the patient’s consent, to the patient’s at-risk relatives.
SOLAR SYSTEM/SUN, ATMOSPHERES, EVOLUTION OF ATMOSPHERES | Meteors

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 3, pp 1279–1285, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysms in Children

Abstract Pediatric aortic pseudoaneurysms are rare and can result in life-threatening sequelae. We describe 2 cases of exclusion of descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm by different approaches...
Abstract 14427: Differences in Molecular Phenotype in Mouse and Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Suggest Need for Precision Medicine Approach to Treatment Based on Human Studies

Background: Mouse studies at early stage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) indicate allele-specific differences in cardiac gene expression and mitochondrial function. But data at established dis...
Do as I Say, Not as I Do? Examining Possible Individual-Level Moderators in the Relationship Between Criminal Attitudes and Offending:

Several criminological theories and numerous research studies suggest that criminal attitudes are related to delinquency and criminal behavior. In contrast, there is also an emerging body of litera...
Operando XAFS on Hydrated Calcium Vanadium Bronze Cathode for Aqueous Zn-ion Storage.

Multivalent ion storage and aqueous electrochemical systems continue to build interest for energy application. The Zn-ion system with 2 electron transfer and an ideal metal anode is a strong candidate but is still at the early stage of development. Using both in situ near-edge (XANES) and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, EXAFS, a nanostructured cathode material, Cax V2 O5 -H2 O (CVO), was probed at the V-K absorption edge. This operando study reveals the local electronic and geometric structure changes for CVO during galvanostatic cycling as the active material in an aqueous Zn-ion cell. The XANES data provides a fine resolution to track the evolution of the vanadium oxidative state and near-neighbor coordination sphere showing subtle shifts and delocalized charge. The Zn-ion influence on the V-K absorption edge is visualized using a difference technique called Δμ. Coupled with theoretical calculations and modelling, the extended region extracted local bonding information further confirms excellent electronic and structural reversibility of this vanadium oxide bronze in an aqueous Zn-ion electrochemical cell.
Dosimetric Comparison Between 3-Dimensional Conformal and Robotic SBRT Treatment Plans for Accelerated Partial Breast Radiotherapy.

Accelerated partial breast irradiation is an attractive alternative to conventional whole breast radiotherapy for selected patients. Recently, CyberKnife has emerged as a possible alternative to conventional techniques for accelerated partial breast irradiation. In this retrospective study, we present a dosimetric comparison between 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans and CyberKnife plans using circular (Iris) and multi-leaf collimators. Nine patients who had undergone breast-conserving surgery followed by whole breast radiation were included in this retrospective study. The CyberKnife planning target volume (PTV) was defined as the lumpectomy cavity + 10 mm + 2 mm with prescription dose of 30 Gy in 5 fractions. Two sets of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans were created, one used the same definitions as described for CyberKnife and the second used the RTOG-0413 definition of the PTV: lumpectomy cavity + 15 mm + 10 mm with prescription dose of 38.5 Gy in 10 fractions. Using both PTV definit...
Using SMART for Customized Monitoring of Windows Services

We focus on examining and working with an important category of computer software called Services, which are provided as a part of newer Microsoft Windows operating systems. A typical Windows user transparently utilizes many of these services but is frequently unaware of their existence. Since some services have the potential to create significant problems when they are executing, it is important for a system administrator to identify which services are running on the network, the types of processing done by each service, and any interrelationships among the various services. This information can then be used to improve the overall integrity of both the individual computer where a questionable service is running and in aggregate an entire network of computers. NCSA has developed an application called SMART (Services Monitoring And Reporting Tool) that can be used to identify and display all services currently running in the network. A commercial program called Hyena remotely monitors the services on all computers attached to the network and exports this information to SMART. SMART produces various outputs that the system administrator can analyze and then determine appropriate actions to take. In particular, SMART provides a color coordinated user interface to quickly identify and classify both potentially hazardous services and also unknown services.
Tuft calcium spikes in accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells

The mammalian accessory olfactory system is critical for the detection and identification of pheromones and the representation of complex stimuli including sex, genetic relatedness, and individual identity. Mitral cells, the principal cells of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), receive monosynaptic input from the sensory periphery and already show highly specific response properties, firing selectively for combinations of genetic markers and gender-specific cues. Vomeronasal sensory neuron axons form synapses onto distal tuft-like branches of mitral cell primary dendrites. We have studied dendritic excitability and synaptic integration in AOB mitral cell dendrites, and we show that dendrites of accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells support action potential propagation and can fire regenerative spike-like events that are likely to contribute to the integration of inputs to these cells. These tuft spikes may be important for the specificity of AOB mitral cell responses.
Synthesis and toxicity evaluation of aflatoxin P1

Abstract Conversion of aflatoxin B1 to its demethylated derivative, aflatoxin P1, has been achieved by treatment of the parent substance with lithium t -butylmercaptide in hexamethyl phosphoramide for 2 hours at 75°C. A preliminary toxicologic evaluation in newborn mice showed aflatoxin P1 to cause some mortality at 150 mg/kg, whereas aflatoxin B1 had an LD5 0 of 9.5 mg/kg under comparable conditions.
The very beginning of plastic deformation during sliding contact on amorphous carbon coatings

Various thin amorphous carbon coatings (5-12 nm) as well as silicon oxide surfaces were scratched by means of a diamond tipped cantilever, simulating a hard scratching particle with a radius of 80-100 nm. Using advanced image processing, ultra-shallow scratches with depths of only 1-2 A can be visualized and analysed, even on surfaces with RMS roughness values up to 10 A. This enables us to evaluate the conditions in terms of local pressure and speed under which plastic deformation initially takes place. Different deformation mechanisms could be deduced for different types of surfaces. Repeated measurements suggest a local compression of the amorphous low-density structures underneath the tip. Using a simple force balance model, it can be estimated that in the initial phase of plastic deformation, the lateral force acting on the tip is dominated by the friction force and not yet by a ploughing term. This sub-nanometre scratching technique has been developed for the mechanical characterization and optimization of ultra-thin amorphous carbon coatings used as protective layers in hard disk drives.
How Well Do You Know Your Students

There is a growing awareness among educators and educational psychologists that learning is strongly influenced by individual attributes. There is also a strong belief that assessing students’ needs is essential for developing and delivering a learner-centered curriculum. Dawna Markova (1992) wrote: ““Our students' educational needs are continuously changing, but our methods of meeting those needs have not been. We have basically been doing what we've always done and getting what we've always gotten”” (30). She argued that it is not the lack of ability but the lack of willingness to persevere in working hard that prevents many students from succeeding. This unwillingness stems from the fact that teachers have failed to use students' strengths in helping them overcome their weaknesses. We have failed to provide them with learning opportunities and activities that could help them leverage their native intelligence and their natural curiosity, wonder, compassion, and responsiveness. We have been teaching them the way we were taught and not the way we wanted to be taught. Building on an argument by Dr. W. Edwards Deming, a pioneer of quality-management principles, Markova (1992) has explained that people are born with intrinsic motivation, natural curiosity, capacity for invention, self-dignity, love of experimentation, sense of wonder, sense of connection, and joy in learning. Therefore, what we need to be doing is subtracting most of …
Pulmonary abnormalities in a patient with chronic heart disease

D r Bat ten: The posteroanter ior chest radiograph shows evidence of an old left thoracotomy, as indicated by medial displacement of the left fifth rib as it runs below the pacemaker (Fig 1A) for a closed mitral valvotomy. Sternal sutures indicate a later median sternotomy (for mitral valve replacement with a Bjork-Shiley valve, which was visible on a lateral chest radiograph). There is a permanent endocardial pacemaker. The heart is large, with left atrial enlargement. On the lateral chest radiograph, subtle calcification is visible in the wall of the left atrium. The pulmonary arteries are enlarged. There are multiple small opacities throughout both lungs, some of which are particularly dense and irregular (Fig 1B, 1 C). There is right pleural thickening. The postsurgical changes suggest that this patient has long-standing mitral valve disease (initially mitral stenosis treated with a closed valvotomy). At a later date he underwent a mitral valve replacement. Well-defined, multiple small opacities throughout both lungs could be caused by a number of conditions including metastasesl tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis , fungal disease (such as histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis), varicella pneumonia, and hemosiderosis. This patient had no relevant industrial exposure, with the except ion of pneumoconiosis . Multiple opacities in both lungs, which appear more opaque than soft tissue, in the presence of chronic mitral valve disease suggests that this represents hemosiderosis and pulmonary ossification. Discussan t ' s diagnosis." Chronic mitral valve disease leading to chronic pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary ossification and pulmonary hemosiderosis.
Genetic variation in the temperature dependence of liver microsomal cyp2e1 activity, within and between species of the viviparous fish Poeciliopsis

The temperature dependence of liver microsomal CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1) activity was examined in selected genotypes of the viviparous fish Poeciliopsis. Activity of this enzyme, as a function of incubation temperature, was determined by measuring 6-OH-chlorzoxazone formation from chlorzoxazone, a specific CYP2E1 substrate. Chlorzoxazone-6-hydroxylase activity was examined among five species of Poeciliopsis, as well as among nine genotypes within a species, P. monacha. Among Poeciliopsis genotypes, P. monacha contained the greatest activity, 9.5 [+-] 1.5 U with a temperature optimum (T[sub O]) of 25 C. The lowest activity was in P. occidentalis, 0.65 [+-] 0.11 U, with a T[sub O] of 27 t 28 C; P. prolifica, P. fasciata, P. lucida, and P. viriosa had intermediate levels of activities, 1.1 to 5.5 U, and T[sub O] from 25 to 31 C. To determine if metabolic differences exist within species, enzyme activity was examined from nine genotypes of P. monacha by comparing expression among P. monacha-lucida hybrids. These hybrids were given identical paternal genomes of lucida but retained the original maternal Monacha genomes sampled from wild gene pools. The greatest activity was found in genotype T70-3 P. Cw, 3.6 [+-] 0.1 U, at a T[sub O] of 29 C, and themore » lowest was in genotype SV73-7s, 0.40 [+-] 0.12 U, at a T[sub O] of 27 C. The other naturally occurring genotypes, M65-24, M65-26, SV73-7v, as well as the laboratory-produced synthetic hybrids, Syn4 and Syn5, had intermediate activities, 0.73 [+-] 0.38 to 2.1 [+-] 0.69 U, and T[sub O] of 25 to 27 C. No hybrid had activity levels as high as the maternal parent, P. monacha, and only one had a T[sub O] as low as either parent. Apparently the genes involved in xenobiotic activity vary widely among the closely related species of Poeciliopsis but also within species, suggesting that these phenotypes can be acted upon by natural selection.« less