cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pressure and Temperature Adaptation of Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenases of Shallowand Deep-Living Marine Invertebrates: Evidence for High Body Temperatures in Hydrothermal Vent Animals

Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure were measured on cytosolic malate dehydrogenases (cMDHs) from muscle tissue of a variety of shallow- and deep-living benthic marine invertebrates, including seven species endemic to the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant ( K m ) of coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH), used to index temperature and pressure effects, was conserved within a narrow range (approximately 15–25 μmoll −1 ) at physiological temperatures and pressures for all species. However, at elevated pressures, the K m of NADH rose sharply for cMDHs of shallow species (depths of occurrence >Approximately 500 m), but not for the cMDHs of deep-sea species. Cytosolic MDHs of invertebrates from the deep-sea hydrothermal vents generally were not perturbed by elevated temperatures (15–25°C) at in situ pressures, but cMDHs of cold-adapted deep-sea species were. At a single measurement temperature, the K m of NADH for cMDHs from invertebrates from habitats with well-characterized temperatures was inversely related to maximal sustained body temperature. This correlation was used to predict the maximal sustained body temperatures of vent invertebrates for which maximal habitat and body temperatures are difficult to estimate. Species occurring on the ‘smoker chimneys’, which emit waters with temperatures up to 380°C, are predicted to have sustained body temperatures that are approximately 20–25°C higher than vent species living in cooler vent microhabitats. We conclude that, just as adaptation of enzymes to elevated pressures is important in establishing species’ depth distribution patterns, adaptation of pressure-adapted enzymes to temperature is critical in enabling certain vent species to exploit warm-water microhabitats in the vent environment.
Normal Forms for Coupled Takens-Bogdanov Systems

The set of systems of differential equations that are in normal form with respect to a particular linear part has the structure of a module of equivariants, and is best described by giving a Stanle...
Semiclassical Model for the Dephasing of a Two-Electron Spin Qubit Coupled to a Coherently Evolving Nuclear Spin Bath

We study electron spin decoherence in a two-electron double quantum dot due to the hyperfine interaction, under spin-echo conditions as studied in recent experiments. We develop a semiclassical model for the interaction between the electron and nuclear spins, in which the time-dependent Overhauser fields induced by the nuclear spins are treated as classical vector variables. Comparison of the model with experimentally obtained echo signals allows us to quantify the contributions to the nuclear spin evolution of various processes such as coherent Larmor precession and spin diffusion.
New approaches for predicting T cell–mediated drug reactions: A role for inducible and potentially preventable autoimmunity

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are commonplace and occur when a drug binds to its intended pharmacologic target (type A ADR) or an unintended target (type B ADR). Immunologically mediated type B ADRs, such as drug hypersensitivity syndrome, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, can be severe and result in a diverse set of clinical manifestations that include fever and rash, as well as multiple organ failure (liver, kidney, lungs, and/or heart) in the case of drug hypersensitivity syndrome. There is increasing evidence that specific HLA alleles influence the risk of drug reactions. Several features of T cell–mediated ADRs are strikingly similar to those displayed by patients with autoimmune diseases like type I diabetes, such as strong HLA association, organ-specific adaptive immune responses, viral involvement, and activation of innate immunity. There is a need to better predict patient populations at risk for immunologically mediated type B ADRs. Because methods to predict type 1 diabetes by using genetic and immunologic biomarkers have been developed to a high level of accuracy (predicting 100% of subjects likely to progress), new research strategies based on these methods might also improve the ability to predict drug hypersensitivity.
Determination of the Success of the Integration of a Business of Healthcare Module into the Medical School Curriculum

Purpose: Assessment of the knowledge of health care economics of four consecutive classes of second year medical students before and after an 8 hour module on the business of health care was performed. Methods: Through pre and post-tests, four consecutive classes of second year medical students were assessed as to their knowledge of basic principles of the business of health care before and after an 8 hour lecture module given over a 2 week period in the middle of their academic year. Student evaluations of the module were collected at the end of the course in each of the four years of the study. Results: Although the students came from diverse educational backgrounds and had many different life experiences before entering medical school, few students in any of the four consecutive classes could pass a basic examination of these principles. At the completion of the 2 week module, nearly all of the students passed this test, suggesting that the concentrated lecture format successfully addressed the material. Student evaluations of the course were positive and indicated that delivery of the material in a concentrated lecture format was effective. Conclusions: Second year medical students of diverse backgrounds have little working knowledge of the US health care system. An 8 hour concentrated lecture course can be effective in teaching basic principles. Continued review and application of these principles throughout the clinical years of training in an on-line and interactive session format is discussed by the authors. Further studies assessing optimal teaching methods need to be performed.
On the construction of real number trellis codes

This paper studies the optimization of real number trellis codes without using the decomposition into a binary convolutional encoder and a mapper that transforms binary codewords into modulated signals. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to find the best labeling of a geometrically uniform trellis code on the real field. >
VALUE OF AND SATISFACTION WITH FOOD SAFETY TRAINING IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST

Foodservice managers from Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana were surveyed regarding their satisfaction with current food safety training programs and the value they placed on food safety training, in general. Further, these managers were asked if they would provide higher pay for those trained in food safety. Finally, managers were asked to assess the value of food safety training programs by indicating how important certain public issues were to their business. Approximately 75% of respondents had some type of food safety training in place and 67% were satisfied with the training received. Approximately 72% of managers said they would be more likely to hire food safety trained workers, and, of those, 50% would be willing to pay a higher wage to those trained. Customer satisfaction and image were the most important issues to the surveyed businesses.
Evaporative weathering of petroleum residues: The age of pelagic tar

Abstract The rate of evaporative weathering of a component of crude oil residue is assumed to be proportional to its equilibrium vapor pressure and to the amount remaining in the sample. This model is tested using literature data on normal paraffin profiles of crude oil weathered artificially and gas chromatographic data on crude oil residues weathered on rocky shores. Semiquantitative agreement over the time range from 1 to 400 days is demonstrated. Application of the model to gas chromatograms of pelagic tar lumps collected at Station S near Bermuda in 1972 implies that most of these lumps were formed by fragmentation of much larger and older masses, some within less than one day of the time they were collected. The weathering of pelagic tar thus involves a great deal more physical fragmentation than was previously supposed.
Dante's Provençal Gallery

IN chapter two of the second book of his De Vulgari Eloquentia Dante defines the "capital matters that ought to be treated supremely" by poets; they are three: "safety, love, and virtue," which are spelled out in specific language as "prowess in arms, the fire of love, and the direction of the will." He adds that "the illustrious writers have written poetry in the vulgar tongue on these subjects exclusively, namely Bertran de Born on Arms, Arnaut Daniel on Love, Giraut de Borneil on Righteousness, Cino of Pistoja on Love, his friend on Righteousness ... I do not find however that any Italian has as yet written poetry on the subject of arms."' The passage well exemplifies Dante's fondness for categories and where possible, symmetry: three subjects, three poets (at least when a gallery is complete as the Provengal is and the Italian not yet). Knowing Dante's attachment to his authorities and his cult of three, one could almost predict that if he were to write a great poem it would have three divisions and each would contain a representative of the "vulgar" tongue which had been such an inspiration to him and other writers in his own vernacular. And so, in fact, it comes out; of all Dante's triads the Provengal poets are most obviously and architectonically disposed, one for each cantica, each one clearly identified and prominently placed, varying only, I would say, in their degree of integration with their milieu. But before venturing any further statement on the group as a whole, I would like to pass the chosen troubadours in review. Bertran de Born's dramatic and macabre appearance in the bolgia of the sowers of discord (Inferno XXVIII, 112 ff.) will not easily be forgotten. He appears carrying his own severed head in his hand "a guisa di lanterna." Approaching Dante, he raises his arm "con tutta la testa," a gesture of "spaventosa naturalezza";2 the movement of the line, as Crescini remarks,3 underlines the painful effort required. Frightful the scene is, to be sure, although the grotesque here all but verges on the comic. Where Dante got the notion of the portable head scholars have been unable to find out with any certainty; the roots are probably in folklore and myth and most American readers of my generation at least are prepared for the weird spectacle by the stratagem of Brom Van Brunt, in the "Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Washington Irving, as has been pointed out by various critics,4 owed much to German folklore; probably even before Orpheus' head rolled down the Hebrus pathetically calling on Eurydice as memorialized in the Georgics, the sight that terrified Ichabod Crane was familiar to our fanciful ancestors. Joyce's Virag illustrates that the image continues to have an appeal. Cases have been cited from the old literatures, Indian,
CHAMP—character manipulation procedures

A new programming language facility for symbol manipulation is described. String procedures may be declared and called in a standard ALGOL context. ALGOL procedures can in turn be called by string procedures so that numeric and symbolic processes may conveniently be programmed together. Concatenation and a variant of SNOBOL's pattern matching make up a set of primitive commands. These are assembled together into conditional expressions which are to be used to provide alternative computational patterns. Arrays of strings are processed using quantifiers. The class of things which may be assigned to an identifier can be restricted by a procedure expressed in the notation. The language facilities have been implemented in the ALGOL compiler for the Burroughs B5500.
Are Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using mental health services? New data from a national random-sample survey.

Many studies of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with mental disorders document low rates of service use. However, most studies look at use in the first year after returning from a deployment. Do rates of use rise as time since deployment increases? In the National Post-Deployment Adjustment Survey, the median time since deployment was four years, and two-thirds of veterans with probable PTSD or major depression reported past-year use of mental health services. The finding of these notably higher rates is “a valuable message to communicate to veterans,” the authors conclude, and may reduce some veterans’ ambivalence about seeking treatment.
Therapist Barriers to the Dissemination of Exposure Therapy

Although exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been recommended as the first line of treatment for anxiety disorders, it is rarely implemented by clinicians in practice. In part, issues with dissemination of this treatment can explain this occurrence; however, even clinicians who have received training in exposure-based CBT are not using it in practice. This chapter examines the therapist barriers to dissemination of exposure-based therapy and discusses approaches to overcome them.
An effective field theory calculation of the ϱ parameter

Abstract The effective field theory formalism is reviewed. A general algorithm for constructing an effective lagrangian involving only light particles out of a renormalizable theory of light and heavy particles is stated. Strong interaction corrections are easily integrated into the formalism. As an example of its use, corrections Δϱ to the weak interactions ϱ parameter due to heavy particles are studied and the Einhorn-Jones-Veltman conjecture on the positivity of Δϱ is revisited.
The Potential of Captive Medical Liability Insurance Carriers and Damage Caps for Real Malpractice Reform

Medical malpractice continues to be a contentious health policy issue particularly from the perspective of physicians and patients. The medical malpractice insurance market as a whole has changed considerably since the mid-1970s, with widely fluctuating premium prices and crises in the availability and affordability of medical malpractice insurance. More recently, hospitals and physicians have increasingly chosen to self-insure through a variety of vehicles including captive insurance companies. This Article suggests that two existing strategies can be intentionally designed and coordinated to facilitate the fair and expeditious resolution of medical malpractice claims. Specifically, captive insurance companies operating in states with damage caps can work more effectively with healthcare providers to resolve identified malpractice claims, and they can identify and compensate medical injury where claims are not pressed. This knowledge establishes space for the providers and the captive insurers to settle claims expeditiously and fairly. The space also enables the providers and the captive insurers to go further and express apologies to patients who have been injured in the care process. However, the National Practitioner Data Bank under the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 poses challenges for physicians in participating in captives. This article explores how captives can be structured and barriers addressed to mitigate the problems for physicians and to improve the management of medical error for all stakeholders.
Serologic profile of alphamethyldopa-induced hemolytic anemia: correlation between cell-bound IgM and hemolysis

Erythrocyte-bound immunoglobulins have been characterized by a PVP- potentiated antiglobulin test in 11 patients who had developed antibodies after treatment with alpha-methyldopa. Serologic profiles were recognized that could distinguish between the hemolyzing and nonhemolyzing patients: IgM antibodies together with the first component of complement (C1q) were demonstrated on erythrocytes of all eight hemolyzing patients. By contrast, these immunoproteins were absent from the cells of nonhemolyzing patients and became undetectable when the hemolyzing patients recovered. IgG and its subclasses were variably present on erythrocytes of all patients regardless of hemolytic activity. Eluates prepared from erythrocytes of the hemolyzing patients were shown to contain both IgG and IgM, and fixes C1q, C3, and C4. Eluates from the nonhemolyzing patients contained only IgG. The IgM antibodies differed from the commonly occurring cold agglutinins in that they were warm-reactive and were mainly concentrated on the patients' cells rather than being free in the serum. Because of their nonagglutinating property, it is suggested that they are monomeric IgM. It is concluded that the high affinity, warm- reactive IgM and not the IgG antibodies are primarily responsible for clinically manifest anemia in patients receiving alphamethyldopa and that the hemolytic activity is probably mediated by the classic pathway of complement activation.
The Action Research Program: Experiential Learning in Systems-Based Practice for First-Year Medical Students

ABSTRACTProblem: Systems-based practice focuses on the organization, financing, and delivery of medical services. The American Association of Medical Colleges has recommended that systems-based practice be incorporated into medical schools’ curricula. However, experiential learning in systems-based practice, including practical strategies to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical care, is often absent from or inconsistently included in medical education. Intervention: A multidisciplinary clinician and nonclinician faculty team partnered with a cardiology outpatient clinic to design a 9-month clerkship for 1st-year medical students focused on systems-based practice, delivery of clinical care, and strategies to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical operations. The clerkship was called the Action Research Program. In 2013–2014, 8 trainees participated in educational seminars, research activities, and 9-week clinic rotations. A qualitative process and outcome evaluation drew on interviews wit...
Ammonia transport in a mathematical model of rat proximal tubule.

Pathways for ammonia transport have been incorporated within a model of rat proximal tubule [A. M. Weinstein. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 32): F784-F798, 1992]. The luminal membrane includes a Na+/NH4+ exchanger, while at the peritubular membrane there is uptake of NH4+ on the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase); both luminal and peritubular cell membranes contain conductive pathways for NH4+. The model equations have been expanded to include cellular ammoniagenesis. The principal focus of this study is the interplay of forces that can raise proximal tubule fluid total ammonia concentration 10-fold higher than in arterial plasma. Analysis of a cellular model reveals that luminal membrane Na+/NH4+ exchange, cellular production of ammonia, and peritubular membrane NH4+ uptake (via Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase or via K+ channel) all act in parallel to drive ammonia secretion. This derives from the cellular interconversion of NH4+ and NH3 and the free permeation of NH3 across cell membranes. It implies that inhibition of the luminal membrane transporter does not block the contribution of peritubular uptake to the overall active transport of ammonia. Conversely, when inhibition of the luminal membrane Na+/NH4+ entry (i.e., Na+/H+ inhibition) depresses transcellular Na+ flux, then the decrease of NH4+ flux through the peritubular Na+ pump enhances the apparent importance of the luminal membrane pathway. This analysis is confirmed in the numerical calculations and is a departure from the Ussing paradigm of series membrane Na+ transport. Although active secretion of ammonia by this tubule is substantial, the relative contribution of luminal Na+/NH4+ exchange and of peritubular uptake via the Na+ pump remains uncertain. The determination of peritubular capillary NH4+ concentration will be crucial to resolving this uncertainty, with lower concentration (i.e., closer to systemic arterial ammonia) obligating greater luminal membrane Na+/NH4+ exchange.
Impaired self-agency in functional movement disorders A resting-state fMRI study

Objective To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying impaired self-agency in patients with functional movement disorders using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). Methods We obtained resting-state fMRI on 35 patients with clinically definite functional movement disorders and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Between-group differences in functional connectivity from the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), a region previously demonstrated to play a critical role in self-agency by comparing internal predictions of movement with actual external events, were assessed using t tests. All participants were screened for psychiatric diagnoses using a structured clinical interview and completed the Beck Depression Inventory and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Compared to the healthy controls, patients with functional movement disorders showed decreased functional connectivity between the right TPJ and the right sensorimotor cortex, cerebellar vermis, bilateral supplementary motor area, and right insula. These findings were independent of depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma scores included in our assessment as covariates. Conclusions The decreased functional connectivity between the right TPJ and bilateral sensorimotor regions observed in patients with functional movement disorders supports a model whereby impaired motor feed-forward together with altered sensory feedback from sensorimotor regions and areas of sensorimotor integration to the right TPJ contributes to patients' impaired sense of self-agency.
Cries of pain: The word “capitalism”

Throughout nineteenth-century Europe, industrialization and urbanization occurred rapidly and in tandem with wrenching socio-political transformation. Within several generations the continent experienced the disappearance of cottage craft industries and explosive demographic growth. Peasants fled their overcrowded farming villages for the shanty towns and tenements of big cities that were bursting at the seams but offered employment in factories, workshops, and retail stores. In the nineteenth century, that could seem a mixed blessing because of the lack of sanitation, the ubiquity of vermin, and the pollution: the inhabitants of Hamburg, Germany, saw “everything as if through a veil, for the smoke from a thousand chimneys spread over everything like a drifting mist.” To go from being a mainly farming society to a mainly industrial and urban one was a jarring shift in the extreme. Polarities of wealth were severe in the new metropolises, and, for many societies undergoing industrialization for the first time, for at least a generation the wages and living standard of workers were as likely to decline as improve. This is the general context in which the word “capitalism” emerged. Unlike the word “capital,” which dates to ancient Rome, and “capitalist,” which was coined in mid-seventeenth-century Holland and Germany, “capitalism” is of relatively recent vintage. Before the mid-nineteenth century it appeared scattershot in the European and American press. Its consistent usage commenced in 1850, beginning with this passage by French socialist Louis Blanc in the ninth edition of his book The Organization of Labor : “What I would call capitalism … [is] the appropriation of capital by the few, to the exclusion of the many.” “Capitalism,” he continues, is “the mortal enemy” of those who would make capital – “the hen that lays the golden egg” – accessible to the masses. Later that same year, the anarchist-socialist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon mentioned the word in his personal correspondence, and in 1857 it made its appearance in one of his pamphlets. It makes sense that the word would have arisen in France in that time period: “socialism,” “communism,” and “liberalism” were coined there earlier in the century; adding “ism” to French words had become a natural linguistic reflex in the highly politicized atmosphere of class tensions and ideological conflict following the revolutions of 1789, 1830, and now 1848.
Responses to Single Light Pulses. Part I: Nocturnal Rodents

The responses of an oscillatory system to single perturbations can often guide one to a deeper understanding of the system’s dynamics. Such experimentation has been emphasized in several studies of the circadian wake-sleep rhythm. The issue examined in this chapter, as well as the next, is the extent to which Coupled Stochastic Systems can accomodate the data obtained from treatment of nocturnal rodents, and of diurnal birds, with single light pulses.
The Limits of Physical Equivalence in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory

AbstractSome physicists and philosophers argue that unitarily inequivalent representations (UIRs) in quantum field theory (QFT) are mathematical surplus structure. Support for that view, sometimes ...
Perceived norms and alcohol use among first-year college student-athletes' different types of friends

ABSTRACTObjective: To describe first-year college student-athletes' friendship contexts and test whether their perceptions of alcohol use and approval by different types of friends are associated with their own alcohol use. Participants: First-year student-athletes (N = 2,622) from 47 colleges and universities participating in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports during February–March 2013. Methods: Student-athletes completed online surveys during the baseline assessment of an alcohol and other drug prevention program evaluation. Analyses tested whether perceptions of friends' alcohol use (descriptive norms) and perceptions of friends' approval of alcohol use (injunctive norms) predicted their alcohol use. Results: Both use and approval perceptions by upperclassmen, same-team, and most influential friends significantly predicted alcohol use. By contrast, only perceived use by first-year, nonteam, and less influential friends significantly predicted alcohol use. Conclusions: Athletics dep...
Clinical Decision Support at the Point-of-Order Entry: An Education Simulation Pilot with Medical Students.

Rationale and Objectives We have been called to reform radiology undergraduate medical education (UME) curricula. Clinically available clinical decision support provides an opportunity to improve education regarding appropriate imaging utilization, patient safety, and cost-effective care. Material and Methods We created an education simulation portal utilizing integrated clinical decision support. The portal was then piloted with 34 volunteer medical students at our institution in a blended learning environment. A program assessment was performed utilizing the results from a qualitative survey, pre-test, and post-test. Results The large majority of medical students felt this supplemental education resource should be included in our UME curriculum (85.29%). All students perceived value in the education simulation portal. The students performed significantly better on the post-test in multiple categories (overall P Conclusions Based on our program assessment from this pilot program, we believe this innovative educational resource has significant potential to fill curricular gaps in radiology UME curricula. This platform is scalable and can be further customized to fill needs across the continuum of medical education.
Knee orthosis with variable stiffness and damping that simulates hemiparetic gait

Individuals with unilateral stroke have neuromuscular weakness or paralysis on one side of the body caused by some muscles disengaging and others overexciting. Hyperextension of the knee joint and complete lack of plantar flexion of the ankle joint are common symptoms of stroke. This paper focuses on the creation and implementation of a small, lightweight, and adjustable orthotic device to be positioned around the knee of an able-bodied person to simulate hemiparetic gait. Force and range of motion data from able-bodied subjects fitted with the orthosis, inducing hemiparetic gait, was collected using the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation ENvironment (CAREN) system. The four parameters that the design focused on are damping, catch, hysteresis, and stiffness. The main goal of the project was to discern whether this device could be utilized as a viable research instrument to simulate hemiparetic gait. It was hypothesized that the device has the potential to be utilized in the future as a rehabilitation device for people with stroke since it has been designed to induce larger knee flexion as an after effect. A comparison between how the dominant leg was affected by the orthosis and how the non-dominant leg was affected was investigated as well. The results show that the device affected the velocities, knee angles, and force profiles of the subject's gait.
Cathode priming of magnetrons for rapid startup and mode-locking

Experiments and simulations have demonstrated a new technique for priming and mode-locking magnetrons by defining the spatial regions of electron emission of a cathode. For an N-cavity magnetron, pi-mode priming is accomplished by fabricating cathodes with N/2-azimuthal strips of electron emission to pre-bunch and maintain the desired number of electron spokes.
Gata4 potentiates second heart field proliferation and Hedgehog signaling for cardiac septation

GATA4, an essential cardiogenic transcription factor, provides a model for dominant transcription factor mutations in human disease. Dominant GATA4 mutations cause congenital heart disease (CHD), specifically atrial and atrioventricular septal defects (ASDs and AVSDs). We found that second heart field (SHF)-specific Gata4 heterozygote embryos recapitulated the AVSDs observed in germline Gata4 heterozygote embryos. A proliferation defect of SHF atrial septum progenitors and hypoplasia of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion, rather than anlage of the atrioventricular septum, were observed in this model. Knockdown of the cell-cycle repressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) restored cell-cycle progression and rescued the AVSDs. Gata4 mutants also demonstrated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling defects. Gata4 acts directly upstream of Hh components: Gata4 activated a cis-regulatory element at Gli1 in vitro and occupied the element in vivo. Remarkably, SHF-specific constitutive Hh signaling activation rescued AVSDs in Gata4 SHF-specific heterozygous knockout embryos. Pten expression was unchanged in Smoothened mutants, and Hh pathway genes were unchanged in Pten mutants, suggesting pathway independence. Thus, both the cell-cycle and Hh-signaling defects caused by dominant Gata4 mutations were required for CHD pathogenesis, suggesting a combinatorial model of disease causation by transcription factor haploinsufficiency.
Preliminary report on the effect of pituitary autotransplantation on the pars intermedia of the seawater goby, Gillichthys mirabilis

Estudou-se com a microscopia eletronica os efeitos do autotransplante da parte intermedia da pituitaria do cadoz de agua salgada, Gullichthys mirabilis. No peixe sem transplante, a parte intermedia possui dois tipos de celulas secretoras: hematoxilina de Pb-positiva (PbH+) e hametoxilina de chumbo negativa (PbH-), diretamente inervadas pelo axonios neurossecretores (tipo A e B) originarios do hipotalamo.
Epistemological Interference and the Trope of the Veteran

A literarily constructed trope of the veteran attributes experiential knowledge and authority to veteran-writers and immeasurably complicates their sense of audience and appropriate evidence, resulting in an epistemological dilemma for many that can lead to frustration, anger, silence, and even self-stereotyping speech that surrenders individuality for the easy eloquence that subservience to the trope enables.
BMP3 is hypermethylated and may function as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma

4282 Cholangiocarcinomas (CC) are malignant tumors of the bile duct that are subcategorized as intrahepatic (ICC) or extrahepatic (ECC). Down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes may occur early in oncogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms. Markers for early detection of CC are needed. Bone morphogenic protein 3 (BMP3), a member of the BMP protein family that inhibits osteogenic processes, was selected from candidate genes in a pre-study screen. AIM: To evaluate BMP3 as a marker for the early detection of CC. METHODS: First, five malignant CC cell lines and one immortalized normal cholangiocyte cell line were analyzed for BMP3 promoter hypermethylation using methylation specific PCR (MSP). Second, 38 CC tissues (28 ICC & 10 ECC) and matched benign biliary epithelium were tested for BMP3 promoter hypermethylation using MSP. Third, two cell lines, one from an ICC (KMC) and the other from an ECC (Mz-ChA-1), were examined for hypermethylation of BMP3 CpG islands using bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). Fourth, the same two cell lines were treated with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine and then examined for BMP3 expression by real-time PCR. RESULTS: All 5 CC cell lines showed hypermethylation of BMP3, which was absent in the normal cholangiocyte cell line. Hypermethylation of BMP3 was found in 12 (32%) of the 28 ICC tumors and 4 (40%) of the 10 ECC tumors. All benign samples were negative. Of the 12 ICC patients, 7 were females while 5 were males. Of the 4 ECC patients, 3 were males while only 1 was a female. Tumor grades of these patients from both categories of CC ranged from 2 to 4. Twenty four CpG islands in a region around the translation start site of the BMP3 gene were examined by BGS in KMC and Mz-ChA-1 cell lines. We found that KMC had 86% CpG methylation in this region while Mz-ChA-1 showed 94% of CpG methylation in the same region. Finally, treatment with 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine restored BMP3 gene expression in both cell lines. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, BMP3 is specifically hypermethylated in CC cell lines and primary tumors and represents a candidate marker for early detection of this cancer. Furthermore, BMP3 is down-regulated by hypermethylation in CC and may function as a tumor suppressor gene. (Supported by a grant from the Charles Oswald Foundation).
Survive the droughts, I wish you well: Principles and cases of liquidity risk management

Short-term, liquid assets are highly valued by lenders, but pose liquidity risk management challenges to borrowers. Basic principles to meet those challenges are to conduct liquidity stress scenario analysis; to form business plans for each stress scenario; to hold enough capital to sustain the planned, post-shock balance sheet; and to hold a large enough liquidity reserve to survive the transition from the pre- to the post-shock balance sheet. Historical failures, like Northern Rock, Bear Stearns, and MF Global have a lot to teach about implementing these principles. While regulatory frameworks constrain liquidity positions, they are no substitute for firm-specific liquidity risk management.
Materials for liquid RF electronics: Long term operation of gallium liquid metal alloys in reconfigurable RF applciations

Room temperature liquid electronics offers the potential of rewiring and reconfiguring functionality in real-time. One of the most promising materials recently explored for these components is gallium liquid metal alloys (GaLMAs) because of their non-toxic and self-healing properties. Unfortunately the reactive nature of the surface, with both oxygen to form a thin viscoelastic skin and alloy formation with solid metal electrodes, results in the need for better control over these interfaces. This control needs to be achieved while maintaining appropriate RF properties and reliability of the fluidic electronic components. In this work, we provide a new material set to control the interface of GaLMAs and characterize the effects on RF performance.
Delayed‐type hypersensitivity to vaccine aluminum adjuvant causing subcutaneous leg mass and urticaria in a child

A 3-year-old girl presented with a 7-month history of a waxing and waning left thigh mass associated with pruritus and erythema at the site of two previous DTaP-HepB-IPV vaccinations. Patch testing was positive to aluminum chloride, supporting a diagnosis of vaccine granuloma secondary to aluminum allergy; her symptoms had been well controlled with antihistamines and topical steroids. Injection site granulomas are a benign but potentially bothersome reaction to aluminum-containing immunizations that can be supportively managed, and we encourage strict adherence to the recommended vaccine schedule in this setting. Patch testing is a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic tool for patients presenting with this clinical finding, and dermatologist awareness can prevent unnecessary medical examination and provide reassurance.
Freeze-thaw effects on fatigue LIFE of hot mix asphalt and creep stiffness of asphalt binder

Abstract Freeze-Thaw (FT) tests are generally done on unbound materials. Very few studies are conducted on the FT effects on asphalt materials. This study investigated the effects of FT on asphalt concrete (AC) and binder samples in the laboratory. AC tested by beam fatigue test and indirect tensile strength test, whereas binder tested using bending beam rheometer. All the samples were subjected to 5, 10, 15, and 20 cycles of freezing and thawing in laboratory environment conditioning chamber. The FT conditioning decreases the fatigue life of the pavement by 30.7, 33.3, 46.7 and 37.23% for 5, 10, 15, and 20 FT cycles respectively. FT causes damage to the binder, which can be seen in the reduction of stiffness with increasing FT. The reduction in stiffness for 5, 10, 15, and 20 FT cycles is 7.1, 31.5, 38.9 and 41.1% respectively. Reduction of asphalt creep stiffness with an increase in FT cycles was found to be higher compared to the flexural strength of the asphalt concrete beam.
Algorithms for Arithmetic Circuits.

Given a multivariate polynomial f(X) ∈ F[X] as an arithmetic circuit we would like to efficiently determine: 1. Identity Testing. Is f(X) identically zero? 2. Degree Computation. Is the degree of the polynomial f(X) at most a given integer d . 3. Polynomial Equivalence. Upto an invertible linear transformation of its variables, is f(X) equal to a given polynomial g(X). The algorithmic complexity of these problems is studied. Some new algorithms are provided here while some known ones are simplified. For the first problem, a deterministic algorithm is presented for the special case where the input circuit is a ”sum of powers of sums of univariate polynomials” . For the second problem, a coRP-algorithm is presented. Finally, randomized polynomial-time algorithms are presented for certain special cases of the third problem.
Ion Channel Protein Superfamily

Electrical signals control contraction of muscle, secretion of hormones, sensation of the environment, processing of information in the brain, and output from the brain to peripheral tissues. In excitable cells, electrical signals have an important influence on intracellular metabolism and signal transduction, gene expression, and protein synthesis, targeting, and degradation. Electrical signals are conducted by members of the ion channel protein superfamily, a set of more than 140 structurally related pore-forming proteins in eight distinct families. In addition, members of this protein superfamily are crucial in maintaining ion homeostasis are participate in calcium signaling in nonexcitable cells.
Transvaginal fast-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy

Photoacoustic endoscopy offers in vivo examination of the visceral tissue using endogenous contrast, but its typical B-scan rate is ∼10 Hz, restricted by the speed of the scanning unit and the laser pulse repetition rate. Here, we present a transvaginal fast-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscope with a 250-Hz B-scan rate over a 3-mm scanning range. Using this modality, we not only illustrated the morphological differences of vasculatures among the human ectocervix, uterine body, and sublingual mucosa but also showed the longitudinal and cross-sectional differences of cervical vasculatures in pregnant women. This technology is promising for screening the visceral pathological changes associated with angiogenesis.
Microsurgical Strategies for the Treatment of Compression Neuropathies Secondary to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia: From Simple Decompression to Sling Transposition.

Background Vertebrobasilar artery dolichoectasia may result in neural element compression anywhere along its course within the cervical region, the craniocervical junction or in the posterior fossa. The clinical syndromes most often observed include cranial neuropathy, bulbar dysfunction, myelopathy and cervical radiculopathy. When indicated, the operative techniques utilized to address vertebrobasilar artery dolichoectasia must be individually tailored, can be technically challenging, and have been rarely expounded. Objective To share selected cases that demonstrate the variety of pathological states caused by vertebrobasilar artery dolichoectasia as well as our experience in managing this condition. Methods Here we review examples of pathological impingement of neural elements compressed by ectasia within the vertebrobasilar arterial system throughout its anatomic course. The surgical techniques we have employed to alleviate the compression, including simple decompression as well as sling-assisted arterial transposition, are described. The evolution and refinement of our transposition technique are detailed. Results A wide range of pathological conditions may result from compression of neural structures throughout the course of the vertebrobasilar system. Compression of cervical nerve roots, the spinal cord, brainstem, and cranial nerves can be seen. Microsurgical management may be indicated in selected cases with gratifying results. Conclusion Pathological compression of neural structures throughout the course of the vertebrobasilar system should be recognized. When indicated, microsurgical decompression must be tailored to the individual symptomology and the unique anatomic relationship in each case with the potential to prevent neurological worsening and, in many cases, improve functional outcome.
Ethical Implications of the General Data Protection Directive for Virtual Personal Marketing Assistants

Virtual private shopping assistants (VPSAs) made possible by recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to help users find the best deals online, possibly also acting on behalf of the user after gaining the user’s trust. To achieve such functionality in enhancing the user experience, VPSAs will have to collect and manage highly personal data about the users. We review possible architectures for VPSAs, privacy implications and ethical considerations, especially in view of the European Union’s General Data Protection Directive (GDPR). There is a concern that compliance with GDPR will limit the data companies can collect, thus interfering with marketing activities. Because VPSAs are owned by users and are expected to keep the user’s data private, they might be the technological solution to reducing the GDPR compliance burden for online sellers, while providing some or more of the marketing information sellers traditionally developed.
Impact of an oral health education intervention among a group of patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa).

It is recognized that eating disorders are serious psychosocial illnesses that affect many adolescents and adults. A pre and post survey study was developed to assess demographics, oral health knowledge and self-image of patients with eating disorders participating in a hospital-based eating disorder clinic using an original oral health education program. The program’s aim is to change the self-image and oral health practices of patients with anorexia-binge eating/purging (AN-BP) and bulimia nervosa (BN) disorders. A pre-survey was completed by each study participant prior to attending the three educational sessions over a six-week period. A post survey questionnaire was completed after participation in all the educational presentations. Forty-six patients attended all three educational sessions and completed the pre and post-questionnaires. Most patients knew in advance that AN-BP and BN behavior can cause erosion of the teeth but only 30% knew the most likely location for the erosion to occur. But, following completion of the educational interventions, 73% answered the location correctly. Patients who reported going to the dentist regularly were significantly more likely to respond that their teeth/mouth had a positive effect on how they looked to themselves and to others, their general health, and their general happiness. Positive responses to the effect of the teeth/mouth on kissing and romantic relationships were also significantly higher for those who go to the dentist regularly compared to those who do not. There is a need to further understand AN-BP and BP patients’ oral health knowledge and self-image perceptions as it relates to their smile (teeth, mouth) to assist in developing a standardized oral health program for eating disorder centers to implement into their daily curricula. A dental team member in an interdisciplinary eating disorder treatment team is important. Including an oral health education program improves patients’ oral hygiene and oral health knowledge, as well as provides a supportive environment to empower the patients to take control of their overall oral health. This study was retrospectively registered on April 18, 2019 in ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03921632 .
Genomic analyses of population structure reveal metabolism as a primary driver of local adaptation in Daphnia pulex

ABSTRACT Elucidating population structure is important for understanding evolutionary features of an organism. In the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, an emerging model system in evolutionary genomics, previous studies using a small number of molecular markers indicated that genetic differentiation among populations is high. However, the dispersal ability of D. pulex is potentially high, and evolutionary forces shaping genetic differentiation among populations are not understood well. In this study, we carried out genomic analyses using high-throughput sequencing to investigate the population structure of D. pulex. We analyzed 10 temporary-pond populations widely distributed across the midwestern United States, with each sample consisting of 71 to 93 sexually reproducing individuals. The populations are generally in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and have relatively large effective sizes. The genetic differentiation among the populations is moderate and positively correlated with geographic distance. To find outlier regions showing significantly high or low genetic differentiation, we carried out a sliding-window analysis of the differentiation estimates using the bootstrap. Genes with significantly high genetic differentiation show striking enrichment of gene ontology terms involved in food digestion, suggesting that differences in food quality and/or quantity among populations play a primary role in driving local adaptation of D. pulex.
In situ particle advection via parallelizing over particles

We extend the method for particle advection that parallelizes over particles to work in an in situ setting. We then compare our method with the typical method for in situ, parallelizing over data. Our experiments consist of parallelism at 512 cores, a data set with 67 million cells, and ten billion total advection steps. Our findings show that parallelizing over particles can be more than ten times faster for some workloads, for reasonable memory cost. Overall, the significance of these findings is to demonstrate that moving data can be worthwhile in some in situ settings.