cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probable Burial Diagenetic and Provenance Effects on Dakota Group Clay Mineralogy, Denver Basin

ABSTRACT Illite-smectites in cored Dakota Group (Cretaceous) shales and bentonites of the northern Denver Basin, identified using a modification of Reynolds' and Hower's (1970) X-ray diffraction criteria, show decreasing sample-sample expandability ranges, lower modal expandability, and a change from random to ordered mixed-layering with increasing burial depths and temperatures. These are results characteristic of burial diagenesis as described by Perry and Hower (1970). Ordered illite-smectites from low-temperature wells and much of the kaolinite (± chlorite, vermiculite) and discrete illite from all wells are interpreted as detrital. Episodic but frequent admixture of highly-expandable bentonitic illite-smectite with detrital clays is reflected by fluctuating expandabilities within individual cores and the lack of samples containing both highly-expandable illite-smectite and high proportions of other clay minerals. Differential diagenesis and/or differential sedimentation rates do not satisfactorily account for lower modal expandabilities and increased proportions of ordered illite-smectite observed in shales from "D" and "J" sand-stones compared with those from "Huntsman" and Skull Creek shales of equivalent temperatures. Instead, they are attributed to provenance differences which gave lower-expandability illite-smectites--and a "head start" on diagenetic trends--to sand-associated shales. Eastern and western provenances identified from heavy mineral studies (e.g., MacKenzie and Poole, 1962) for "D" and "J" sands were not matched by similar clay mineral provenances affecting shales. However, decreasing proportions of kaolinite (± chlorite, vermiculite) encountered from northeastern to southeastern "D" locales are interpreted as the results of differing sources.
Spectral line-by-line pulse shaping of enhanced number of frequency comb lines using a 2-D VIPA grating pulse shaper

We demonstrate line-by-line pulse shaping of enhanced number of frequency comb lines (~500, limited by the number of lines available from source) having a repetition rate of 10 GHz using a 2-D VIPA grating pulse shaper.
Drosophila Brainbow: a recombinase-based fluorescence labeling technique to subdivide neural expression patterns

We developed a multicolor neuron labeling technique in Drosophila melanogaster that combines the power to specifically target different neural populations with the label diversity provided by stochastic color choice. This adaptation of vertebrate Brainbow uses recombination to select one of three epitope-tagged proteins detectable by immunofluorescence. Two copies of this construct yield six bright, separable colors. We used Drosophila Brainbow to study the innervation patterns of multiple antennal lobe projection neuron lineages in the same preparation and to observe the relative trajectories of individual aminergic neurons. Nerve bundles, and even individual neurites hundreds of micrometers long, can be followed with definitive color labeling. We traced motor neurons in the subesophageal ganglion and correlated them to neuromuscular junctions to identify their specific proboscis muscle targets. The ability to independently visualize multiple lineage or neuron projections in the same preparation greatly advances the goal of mapping how neurons connect into circuits.
Echolocation behavior of Brazilian free-tailed bats during dense emergence flights

Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) emerge from cave roosts in dense columns in which adjacent bats are separated by only small distances. We describe and quantify variation in the structure of echolocation calls produced by these emerging bats and determine if call structure changes in relation to the rate of emergence measured using thermal infrared imaging. We recorded emergence calls at 2 roosts, 1 housing approximately 200,000 bats and the other approximately 17,000 bats. We found that Brazilian free-tailed bats emit distinct frequency-modulated (FMstart) and constant frequency (CFstart) calls during emergence that are significantly different from echolocation calls they emit while foraging. We propose that these calls provide different information for orientation within the emergence column. CFstart calls are very similar to social calls used by Brazilian free-tailed bats, suggesting 2 potential functions for this call type. The structure of both the FMstart and CFstart calls were not related to the number of bats emerging from a roost, although significant structural differences existed between sites. The differences between sites could be associated with the spacing of bats during emergence, because bats appeared to form tighter columns at the larger roost colony compared to the smaller colony. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-302.1.
Representing female desire within a labial framework of sexuality.

Sexual experiences, rather than being neutral, are specifically male or female. Yet at present no conceptual framework exists for representing female sexual desire. This has resulted in frequent mi...
Postscripts and Prospects

Before commenting on the preceding papers specifically, I would like to define my own frame of reference. I am concerned about the impact of the changing age distribution of the American labor force on identifiable groups of human beings. These groups are, first, the workers themselves. We can anticipate — indeed, we can observe — conflicts between younger and older workers. We need to concern ourselves with the effects of forced retirement. The paper by Andrisani and Daymont reminds us that it is too early to exert major efforts on behalf of the elderly employee. Right now we have an up-surge in the so-called “prime age” category of workers, and this may have undesirable consequences for both the very young and the older persons in the work force. But we must also be concerned with planning for two decades hence, when the elderly will begin to comprise a major percentage of the work force.
The Morphology of Interfacial Gratings at the Al2O3-Ni Interface

Kinetic studies of the decay of sinusoids on solid surfaces can be used for measuring thermodynamic parameters and to separate the contribution from surface and volume diffusion processes1, 2, 3. The time dependence of the amplitude of a sinusoidal grating is given according to Mullins4 when both surface and volume diffusional processes are operative as A (t) = AO exp [−(Cω3 + Bω4)t], where t is time, ω is the frequency of the sinusoid, and AO is the amplitude at t=0. B and C are constants containing the material parameters: $$ B = \frac{{n\left( {{{\gamma }_{0}} + {{\gamma }_{0}}} \right){{D}_{s}}{{\Omega }^{2}}}}{{kT}},C = \frac{{c\left( {{{\gamma }_{0}} + {{\gamma }_{0}}} \right){{D}_{v}}{{\Omega }^{2}}}}{{kT}} $$ where n and c are concentrations, γ0 is the surface tension, γ0 ″ is the second derivative, Ds is the surface diffusion coefficient, Dv is the volume diffusion coeffieient, Ω is the volume of the diffusing species, and kT has the usual meaning.
The Constitutional Lynchpin of Liberty in an Age of New Federalism: Replacing Substantive Due Process with the Right to Travel

The Constitutional Lynchpin of Liberty in an Age of New Federalism: Replacing Substantive Due Process with the Right to Travel argues that the federalism revolution waged by the Rehnquist Court may point the way to a more constitutionally sound approach to protecting individual liberty than the substantive due process approach used in the Court's right of privacy decisions. The Framers saw federalism as a primary means by which the Constitution would protect individual liberty. During the 1930s, however, the Court essentially disregarded federalism principles so as to uphold the New Deal agenda. In the wake of this judicial indifference to federalism arose the Court's use of substantive due process as a way of protecting certain individual rights and liberties. But this substantive due process approach has incurred intense criticism ever since its debut in Griswold v. Connecticut. The article asserts that an alternative approach to protecting individual liberty has been revealed in the Court's federalism revolution. It argues that through a focus on the right to travel, courts may be able to achieve the liberty-protecting features of federalism envisioned by the Framers. Thus, the right to travel could become the catch-all protection of individual liberty that substantive due process has been for the past four decades.
Diurnal Variations in Convective Activity and Precipitation During Phases II and III of GATE

Abstract Harmonic analysis is used to determine the phase and normalized amplitude of the diurnal variations in convective activity and precipitation during phases II and III of GATE. Satellite results are based on the percent coverage of squares, 3° of latitude and longitude in dimensions, by convective clouds, as estimated subjectively from SMS-1 infrared images. Rainfall results are based on hourly precipitation records for 33 land stations and hourly or 3-hourly rainfall amounts from 13 ships in the A/B-scale networks. The rainfall data for the land stations were combined into four geographically distinct groups and the ship data into a single group before making the harmonic analyses. The long-term representativeness of the results for the land areas is judged by comparing them with the results obtained from analysis of data presented by Burpee (1976) on the frequencies of occurrence of thunder, moderate to heavy precipitation and light precipitation during the period June-September 1966–69. The main...
Layered hydrogels accelerate iPSC-derived neuronal maturation and reveal migration defects caused by MeCP2 dysfunction

Probing a wide range of cellular phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders using patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) can be facilitated by 3D assays, as 2D systems cannot entirely recapitulate the arrangement of cells in the brain. Here, we developed a previously unidentified 3D migration and differentiation assay in layered hydrogels to examine how these processes are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Rett syndrome. Our soft 3D system mimics the brain environment and accelerates maturation of neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NPCs, yielding electrophysiologically active neurons within just 3 wk. Using this platform, we revealed a genotype-specific effect of methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) dysfunction on iPSC-derived neuronal migration and maturation (reduced neurite outgrowth and fewer synapses) in 3D layered hydrogels. Thus, this 3D system expands the range of neural phenotypes that can be studied in vitro to include those influenced by physical and mechanical stimuli or requiring specific arrangements of multiple cell types.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the New Clathrates K8Cd4Ge42, Rb8Cd4Ge42, and Cs8Cd4Ge42

This paper presents results from our exploratory work in the systems K-Cd-Ge, Rb-Cd-Ge, and Cs-Cd-Ge, which yielded the novel type-I clathrates with refined compositions K8Cd3.77(7)Ge42.23, Rb8Cd3.65(7)Ge42.35, and Cs7.80(1)Cd3.65(6)Ge42.35. The three compounds represent rare examples of clathrates of germanium with the alkali metals, where a d10 element substitutes a group 14 element. The three structures, established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, indicate that the framework-building Ge atoms are randomly substituted by Cd atoms on only one of the three possible crystallographic sites. This and several other details of the crystal chemistry are elaborated.
A Hyperglycemic Agent in the Serum of Ddt-Prostrate American Cockroaches, Periplaneta americana,

Serum from DDT-prostrate American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Orthoptera: Blattidae), injected into previously untreated cockroaches caused an increase in trehalose content. This effect was not observed with scrum from DDE-treated cockroaches. The hyperglycemic activity is present in serum mainly from the prostrate stages of DDT poisoning. The agent is stable to heating and is stable at room temperature for as long as 4 hours. The active fractions from molecular sieve chromatography are distinct from the bulk of the serum protein. The physiological significance of this agent is discussed.
A Digital Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Hyperchaos and DCT Theory

Based on the hyperchaos and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm, and combined with the Arnold scrambling method, a novel digital image watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper. The method adopts double encryption strategy, which makes use of Arnold method to weaken the correlation among the pixes of the watermark and adopts srossler system to generate the hyperchaotic key sequence to undertake the second encryption for strengthening the security of the watermarking. At the same time, according to the characteristics of human vision system (HVS), the original image is splitted into blocks, and the watermarking encrypted is embedded and extracted with different strength, the improved imbedding and extraction scheme is presented. The experiment results show that the scheme improves the invisibility and robustness, and possesses strong anti-attack capability.
Investigation and Anaysis on Food Poisoning Caused by Salmonella Contaminated Cold Dish

[Objective] To investigate the cause of a food poisoning case timely, provide experience for prevention and control of similar public health emergencies.[Methods]According to the epidemiological method, the samples of questionable food and contamination were collected on field and examined by relevant detection methods.[Results]This food poisoning case was characterized by a rapid onset, a short incubation period, a rapid rise and drop curve without tailing. All patients had similar clinical symptoms: all 28 patients suffered from abdominal pain and diarrhea; 53.6% of the patients got nausea and vomiting, and 82.1% of the patients had a fever. The attack rate reached 32.2%. The hygiene condition of the cold dish room was poor, kitchenware for prepared-food was contaminated severely with Coliform bacteria, and Salmonella was detected on kitchen knives, chopping boards and containers for prepared-food. All the patients had consumed the same cold dish which was detected Salmonella. After antibiotics treatment, all patients were recovered without complication and death.[Conclusion]Based on the epidemiological investigation, laboratory detection and clinical diagnosis, this outbreak was confirmed as food poisoning caused by Salmonella contaminated cold dish.
Instantaneous multihop connectivity of one-dimensional vehicular ad hoc networks with general distributions of communication nodes

Abstract Connected and automated vehicle technologies hold great promises for improving the safety, efficiency, and environmental impacts of the transportation sector. In this study we are concerned with multihop connectivity of instantaneous vehicular one-dimensional ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles along a communication path in a road network with given either vehicle locations or traffic densities, market penetration rates, and transmission ranges. We first define a new random variable for the location of the end node of a communication chain, which is a discrete random variable with given vehicle locations and a mixed random variable with given traffic densities. Then recursive, iterative, or differential equation models of instantaneous multihop connectivity between two communication nodes are derived from the relationships between end node probability mass or density function and connectivity. Assuming a simple communication model, the new models are applicable for general distribution patterns of vehicles and communication nodes, including non-evenly placed vehicles and nonhomogeneous Poisson distributions of nodes. With given vehicle locations, the computational cost for this new model is linear to the number of vehicles; with given traffic densities, we derive a new closed-form connectivity model for homogeneous Poisson distributions of communication nodes and an approximate closed-form model when distribution patterns of communication nodes are given by spatial renewal processes. We then apply the models to evaluate impacts on connectivity of traffic patterns, including shock waves, and road-side stations. The connectivity model could be helpful for designing routing protocols in VANETs and developing their applications in transportation systems.
Atomic resolution experimental phase information reveals extensive disorder and bound 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol in Ca(2+)-calmodulin.

Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary calcium signaling protein in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied using various biophysical techniques. Prior crystal structures have noted the presence of ambiguous electron density in both hydrophobic binding pockets of Ca(2+)-CaM, but no assignment of these features has been made. In addition, Ca(2+)-CaM samples many conformational substates in the crystal and accurately modeling the full range of this functionally important disorder is challenging. In order to characterize these features in a minimally biased manner, a 1.0 A resolution single-wavelength anomalous diffraction data set was measured for selenomethionine-substituted Ca(2+)-CaM. Density-modified electron-density maps enabled the accurate assignment of Ca(2+)-CaM main-chain and side-chain disorder. These experimental maps also substantiate complex disorder models that were automatically built using low-contour features of model-phased electron density. Furthermore, experimental electron-density maps reveal that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) is present in the C-terminal domain, mediates a lattice contact between N-terminal domains and may occupy the N-terminal binding pocket. The majority of the crystal structures of target-free Ca(2+)-CaM have been derived from crystals grown using MPD as a precipitant, and thus MPD is likely to be bound in functionally critical regions of Ca(2+)-CaM in most of these structures. The adventitious binding of MPD helps to explain differences between the Ca(2+)-CaM crystal and solution structures and is likely to favor more open conformations of the EF-hands in the crystal.
Photonics for Next-Generation Data Centers

Data centers are driving the development of next-generation optics with higher performance at lower cost. To meet future system demands, large-scale electronic and photonic integration platforms must be developed to enable power-efficient interconnects and switching fabrics. Article not available.
Response by Sharkey et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Giant J Waves and ST-Segment Elevation Associated With Acute Gastric Distension".

In his letter, Dr Littmann notes similarities in ECG findings between our case report1 and those previously reported in critically ill patients without acute myocardial infarction and labeled as the “spiked helmet” sign.2,3 The spike represents the QRS complex, and the helmet represents an upward deflection of the ECG baseline beginning before and ending after the QRS complex. Dr Littmann has postulated the upward ECG shift …
Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Monitoring Over Open-Air Paths

We use a dual frequency comb system to measure the city enhancement of CO2 and CH4 over Boulder, CO. We then use a simple box model to estimate the city emissions of CO2.
Justification by faith in Phil 3,9. A Literary and Theological Analysis

Przedmiot studium stanowi wypowiedź apostola Pawla z Flp 3, 9. Tekst rzuca wazne Światlo, obok Ga i Rz, na Pawlowe rozumienie usprawiedliwienia z wiary w Jezusa Chrystusa. Omawiani autorzy dostrzegają dwa zasadnicze problemy: 1) jak rozumiec „moją sprawiedli-wośc” w pierwszej cześci wypowiedzi, 2) ktore z czlonow kazdej z dwoch przeciwstawnych cześci stanowią jądro wypowiedzi i odpowiadają sobie wzajemnie. W wyniku przeprowadzonego studium doszliśmy do wniosku, ze trudno jest mowic o wyzbyciu sie przez Pawla spra-wiedliwości z Prawa dla sprawiedliwości z wiary. Obie pochodzą od Boga i sie dopelniają. Wyrazenie w 3, 9a: „ta z Prawa” nie jest rownoznaczne sprawiedliwości z Prawa i nalezy je rozumiec jako bledną interpretacje tej drugiej. Ta bledna interpretacja sprawiedliwości z Prawa: - to sprawiedliwośc, o ktorej Pawel mowi, ze nie jest jego („nie mając mojej sprawiedli¬wości”). Flp 3, 9 jest świadectwem rozwoju Pawiowej świadomości: kiedyś blednie pokladal calą nadzieje na usprawiedliwienie w sprawiedliwości z Prawa, teraz poklada ją w wierze w Chrystusa, ale nadal praktykuje pierwszą (Boze przykazania), znając juz jej wlaściwe przeznaczenie w zamyśle Boga.
Hematogenous Dissemination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Endometriosis

Endometriosis is ectopic growth of endometrial tissue traditionally thought to arise through retrograde menstruation. We aimed to determine if cells derived from endometriosis could enter vascular circulation and lead to hematogenous dissemination. Experimental endometriosis was established by transplanting endometrial tissue from DsRed+ mice into the peritoneal cavity of DsRed- mice. Using flow cytometry, we identified DsRed+ cells in blood of animals with endometriosis. The circulating donor cells expressed CXCR4 and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biomarkers, but not hematopoietic stem cell markers. Nearly all the circulating endometrial stem cells originated from endometriosis rather than from the uterus. Cells expressing DsRed, CXCR4, and MSCs markers were identified in the peritoneal wall and surrounding vessels of recipient mice, contributing to both endometriosis and angiogenesis. Cells originating in endometriosis lesions migrated and implanted in lung tissue and displayed makers of differentiation, indicating retained multipotency. In vitro these cells demonstrated multipotency and were able to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Endometriosis lesions also expressed high levels of CXCL12, the CXCR4 receptor ligand. Serum CXCL12 levels were greater than in sham control mice. In humans with endometriosis, serum CXCL12 levels were significantly higher than controls, suggesting that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is operational in women with spontaneous endometriosis as well. Stem cells, rather than differentiated cells from endometriosis, enter the circulation in response to CXCL12. We identify an endometriosis-derived stem cell population, a potential mechanism of dissemination of this disease and a potential target for treatment of endometriosis. Stem Cells 2018;36:881-890.
Travel and Movement Reflections: Where We’ve Come

In this chapter, we pause to take stock of where we have come in our journey. We also rejoin our traveler mentioned at the outset and revisit their situation, now with an even greater awareness of the complex world they are facing. This brief pause, and moment of reflection, prepares us for the final leg of our journey, in which we return, with renewed rhythm and flow, to our field of clinical psychology.
The effect of antigen on antibodies: recent studies.

In 1972–1973 I reviewed what was known about the effect of antigen on the properties of antibodies (Metzger, 1974). Several possibilities which had been suggested by various investigators were considered. According to the allosteric model, antigen by virtue of its chemical structure induces conformational changes distal to the combining site. These changes would in turn lead to changes in the molecule (receptor) which was activated by the antigen-antibody complex. According to the distortive model, the topological distribution of antigenic determinants leads to a distortion of a semirigid antibody molecule, resulting in effects similar to those postulated for the allosteric model. Finally a simple associative model of antigen action was considered. Here polymerization of the antibody by a multideterminant antigen would be the critical and perhaps sufficient role played by antigen. I concluded that “... the weight of evidence speaks against both the allosteric and distortive models for antigen action. We are left with the associative model. I know of no data that are inconsistent with this model ... and there is much evidence in favor of it.”
The MYC protein activates transcription of the alpha-prothymosin gene.

Abstract The proto-oncogene MYC encodes a nuclear protein whose biochemical and physiological functions remain uncertain. We used an estrogen-regulated version of the MYC protein to explore these functions. Activation of MYC in quiescent rat and mouse fibroblasts elicited re-entry into and progression through the cell cycle, bypassing early events that would follow stimulation of the cells with serum. Activation of MYC led to a rapid increase in transcription of the alpha-prothymosin gene, even in the absence of protein synthesis. We conclude that the product of MYC acts directly on transcription, in accord with inferences based on the structure of the MYC protein. The function of alpha-prothymosin is not known, but our results suggest that the protein may play a role in the proliferation of mammalian cells.
A New Understanding of Far-Field Potentials and their use in Clinical Diagnosis

Far-field potentials are "stationary" potentials detected by referential montages that do not substantially change in amplitude or latency over relatively large areas of recording locations. Much elucidative work regarding the origin and source of biophysiologic far-field potentials has occurred over the last decade. Emphasis has shifted from stationary synaptic nuclei generators to origins occurring from the interaction of an advancing action potential volley’s electrophysical interaction with the surrounding volume conductor. This interaction can be conceptualized by a relatively simple double dipole model of a propagating action potential with excellent agreement with experimental findings. A review of far-field potential research to date has clarified possible mechanisms that produce such potential, but significant advances in their clinical use have yet to be demonstrated.
Kinetic studies of methane steam reforming on ceria-supported Pd

Steady-state, steam-reforming rates for methane were measured on model and high-surface-area, ceria-supported Pd catalysts and compared to rates on Pd/silica between 600 and 825 K. Specific rates on Pd/ceria were higher than those on Pd/silica by a factor of 10 5 and were higher even than rates reported in the literature for Ni catalysts. Model catalysts prepared with Pt or Rh on ceria also showed very high rates, essentially identical to rates for Pd/ceria. However, catalysts prepared by addition of Pd to ceria which had been calcined to high temperatures (>1175 K) before the addition of Pd were not active. Based on these results, we suggest that steam reforming on ceria-supported catalysts occurs through a bifunctional mechanism in which oxygen from ceria reacts with dissociated methane on the precious metal. High-temperature calcination of ceria significantly changes its reducibility, so that the reaction is not enhanced.
From Atomic Diffusion to Step Dynamics

The equilibrium structure [1-6] and dynamics [7-17] of steps and step trains are now routinely probed and modelled with atomic precision. The dynamics of steps is often mediated by atomic diffusion, either along the step edge or across the terraces which lie between steps. Step motion in turn can lead to the relaxation of larger-scale non-equilibrium surface structures, such as gratings, STM tips, quantum dots and interconnect structures(many of the articles in this proceeding describe step mediated relaxation of non-equilibrium surface structures). Traditionally, the relaxation of these structures is treated using linear relaxation theory [18-20]. However as realised even in those early seminal papers, the linear theory usually needs significant modification below roughening [21-30] where steps are well defined. Actually, when the steps are well defined, their (capillary) fluctuations are usually treated linearly, and the nonlinear evolution is though the center-of-mass motion of the steps. A nice review of the capillary theory for the dynamics of step fluctuations, including comparison with experiment, is given by Einstein and Khare in this proceedings. Here we present a complimentary formalism based on atomic diffusion, and we show explicitly the atomic diffusion processes which lead to the various limiting behaviors treated by previous workers [8-16]. Our method naturally relates the continuum sticking coefficients to the lattice ones, which are in turn related to step-edge energy parameters. We also show when “non-universal” behavior can occur, and provide a formalism which describes the crossover between the various limits discussed by Pimpinelli et al. [13]. Usually, experimentalists quantify step fluctuations by averaging the data to find the correlation function G(t) = 0.5 , where h(x,t) specifies the step position at time t and the average is over many sample points, x. G(t) measures how far a position on a step wanders with time. If that position were completely free to wander, it would obey a diffusive law G(t) ~ t. However, its motion is restricted by the fact that it is connected to the other parts of the step. For that reason G(t) is sub-diffusive. The detailed law which G(t) obeys is dependent on the atomic processes which mediate step motion. For example, if the step edge is able to freely exchange
Engaging the Impulsive Patient in Psychotherapy

Although the scope of analytic psychotherapy has broadened over the past twenty years to include patients with impulsive disorders, this enlarged treatment focus has occurred without a technical or theoretical framework to guide innovative techniques. The concept of impulsivity as a character trait and/or symptom is broad and includes a range of disorders. While it is important to make distinctions among the different types of clinical disorders, I shall use in this paper a more general definition of impulsivity, namely: those behaviors which occur under emotional stress and result in a negative impact upon the individual or those around him. In chronically impulsive individuals, however, certain behavioral patterns can become autonomous, distinct from the emotional pressures that were their point of origin. In such patients, impulsive behavior may continue to occupy their lives to such an extent that both the development and consequent substitution of sublimating activities is obviated.
Roads and Military Provisioning During the French and Indian War (1754–1763): The Faunal Remains of Fort Shirley, PA in Context

Early British generals faced serious challenges in delivering and storing sufficient provisions for 18 th century British soldiers and colonial militia. This analysis investigates the influence of developed road systems that facilitated delivery of provisions and resulted in distinctive dietary patterning. The comparison of faunal data from forts located on major road systems with frontier garrisons and associated Native American villages like Fort Shirley and Aughwick Old Town, a short-lived (1754–1756) French and Indian War frontier fortification in central Pennsylvania, indicates a significantly reduced reliance on domestic livestock at these more inaccessible locations. These results suggest that road infrastructure heavily influenced military provisioning, encouraged adaptation to frontier living through reliance on wild game, and resulted in varied dietary practices at military installations in eastern North America.
Feminist Continua in Peace and Conflict Studies

This chapter defines and then engages a feminist lens to explore gender within peace and conflict studies. The heuristic of a continuum, a series of elements that share a basic character, is used to critique the use of dichotomies such as male/female, peace/war, strong/weak, active/passive, and public/private. Looking at these concepts as continua rather than in binary form allows for more critical understanding of the complexities of peace and violence, power and participation, and challenges the hierarchy implicit in these dichotomies.
Impact of frit dispersion on gradient performance in high-throughput liquid chromatography.

Abstract The impact of porous frits (2.1 mm i.d. × 1 mm thick, 0.2 μm porosity, 20% void, 0.69 μL) in short 0.5–5 cm long × 2.1 mm i.d. columns packed with sub-2 μm superficially porous particles on gradient performance was investigated using a low dispersive i-class ACQUITY UPLC system (25 cm × 75 μm outlet tube + 250 nL optical cell). In order to maximize data accuracy, the sample dispersion through a single frit was measured from four independent methods: (1) plate height subtraction, (2) peak capacity versus efficiency plot, (3) flow reversal, and (4) direct measurement. Frit dispersion increases non-linearly with increasing flow rate. The corresponding volume variances of small molecules were measured at 0.16 ± 0.04, 0.24 ± 0.05, and 0.31 ± 0.06 μL2 at flow rates of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mL/min, respectively. These observed variances are lower than and consistent with the maximum volume variance of 0 . 692 ∼ 0.5 μL2 expected for a mixer-like behavior. The peak capacity of short columns were then calculated for mixtures of peptides using a general model of gradient elution by considering (or not) the actual analyte dispersion taking place in the outlet frit, in the post-column connecting tube, and in the detection cell. The results show that the sole presence of the outlet frit is responsible for about 50% loss in peak capacity (relative to the expected gradient performance in absence of frit and post-column tube) for a 1 cm long column operated under standard gradient steepness. The actual structure and volume of column frits needs adjustment if one wants to take full advantage of the true performance of short high-throughput columns packed with sub-2 μm particles.
A Two-DOF Bipedal Robot Utilizing the Reuleaux Triangle Drive Mechanism

This paper presents the design, modeling, analysis, and experimental results of a bipedal robotic system that utilizes two interconnected single degree-of-freedom leg mechanisms to produce stable forward locomotion and steering. The legs are composed of double four-bar mechanism connected in series that maintain a parallel orientation of a flat foot, relative to the biped body, that is actuated via a Reuleaux triangle cam-follower system to produce a desirable foot trajectory. The mechanical design of the leg mechanism is presented followed by kinematic analysis of the cam-follower system to select the optimal foot trajectory and synthesize the mechanism dimensions and produce a desired step height and step length. The concept of leg sequencing is then presented to maintain a constant body height above the ground and a constant forward walking velocity. Experimental results using an integrated prototype indicate that the proposed biped robot is capable of maintaining quasi-static stability during locomotion, maintaining a constant robot body height, maintaining a constant body orientation, move forward with a constant maximum velocity of 27.4 cm/s, and steer.
DCNN Augmentation via Synthetic Data from Variational Autoencoders and Generative Adversarial Networks

Deep convolutional neural networks have recently demonstrated incredible capabilities in areas such as image classification and object detection, but they require large datasets of quality pre-labeled data to achieve high levels of performance. Almost all data is not properly labeled when it is captured, and the process of manually labeling large enough datasets for effective learning is impractical in many real-world applications. New studies have shown that synthetic data, generated from a simulated environment, can be effective training data for DCNNs. However, synthetic data is only as effective as the simulation from which it is gathered, and there is often a significant trade-off between designing a simulation that properly models real-world conditions and simply gathering better real-world data. Using generative network architectures, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), it is possible to produce new synthetic samples based on the features of real-world data. This data can be used to augment small datasets to increase DCNN performance, similar to traditional augmentation methods such as scaling, translation, rotation, and adding noise. In this paper, we compare the advantages of synthetic data from GANs and VAEs to traditional data augmentation techniques. Initial results are promising, indicating that using synthetic data for augmentation can improve the accuracy of DCNN classifiers.
Related Work on Geometry of Non-Convex Programs

Over the past few years, there have been increasing interest in understanding the geometry of non-convex programs that naturally arise from machine learning problems. It is particularly interesting to study additional properties of the considered non-convex objective such that popular optimization methods (such as gradient descent) escape saddle points and converge to a local minimum. The strict saddle property (Definition 5.6) is one such property, which was also shown to hold in a broad range of applications.
Secret key distillation over a pure loss quantum wiretap channel under restricted eavesdropping

Quantum cryptography provides absolute security against an all-powerful eavesdropper (Eve). However, in practice Eve’s resources may be restricted to a limited aperture size so that she cannot collect all paraxial light without alerting the communicating parties (Alice and Bob). In this paper we study a quantum wiretap channel in which the connection from Alice to Eve is lossy, so that some of the transmitted quantum information is inaccessible to both Bob and Eve. For a pureloss channel under such restricted eavesdropping, we show that the key rates achievable with a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, heterodyne detection, and public classical communication assistance—given by the Hashing inequality—can exceed the secret key distillation capacity of the channel against an omnipotent eavesdropper. We report upper bounds on the key rates under the restricted eavesdropping model based on the relative entropy of entanglement, which closely match the achievable rates. For the pure-loss channel under restricted eavesdropping, we compare the secret-key rates of continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) based on Gaussian-modulated coherent states and heterodyne detection with the discrete variable (DV) decoystate BB84 QKD protocol based on polarization qubits encoded in weak coherent laser pulses.
Ipse Dixit at the I.C.J.

In July 2004, the International Court of Justice provided an advisory opinion to the U.N. General Assembly regarding the legality of the barrier under construction by Israel in the West Bank. In finding that the construction of the barrier was unlawful, the Court stated that Israel could not justify the barrier as a matter of self-defense under Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, because the terrorist attacks being made upon Israel could not be imputed to a foreign state. While the Security Council had viewed the attacks of September 11, 2001 upon the United States as triggering a right of self-defense even without imputation of those attacks to a state, the Court distinguished that precedent on grounds that the threat to Israel originates within territory under Israeli occupation. Consequently, the Court concluded that Article 51 had no relevance to Israel's situation. The position taken by the Court with respect to the Article 51 is startling in its brevity and, upon analysis, very unsatisfactory. At best, the position represents imprecise drafting, and thus calls into question whether the advisory opinion process necessarily helps the Court to develop its jurisprudence and to contribute to the progress of international law. At worst, the position conflicts with the language of the UN Charter, its travaux preparatoires, the practice of states and international organizations, and common sense. In addition to the lack of cogent analytical reasoning, the Court's unwillingness to pursue a serious inquiry into the facts underlying Israel's legal position highlights a disquieting aspect of the Court's institutional capabilities: an apparent inability to grapple with complex fact patterns associated with armed conflict. Overall, the Court's peremptory style in addressing the jus ad bellum reflects an unfortunate ipse dixit approach to judicial reasoning; the Court apparently expects others to accept an important interpretation of the law and facts simply because the Court says it is so.
Healthy Living: Tips for Staying Regular

Constipation means having a bowel movement fewer than three times a week. Stools are usually hard and can be painful to pass. Constipation is common among older adults. This 1-page fact sheet was written by Linda B. Bobroff and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy072
Chapter 10: Skating with Style; Rolling with Reflection and Resistance in Roller Derby Uniforms and Fashion

Throughout the history of roller derby, from the late 1930s through its modern incarnation, women skaters have both resisted and reflected norms of femininity. The chapter undertakes an analysis of how the outfits and style of women roller derby participants mimicked feminine trends, resisted common feminine stereotypes, reflected versions of athletic feminism, and challenged audience and media reactions.
Rethinking brain-wide interactions through multi-region 'network of networks' models

The neural control of behavior is distributed across many functionally and anatomically distinct brain regions even in small nervous systems. While classical neuroscience models treated these regions as a set of hierarchically isolated nodes, the brain comprises a recurrently interconnected network in which each region is intimately modulated by many others. Uncovering these interactions is now possible through experimental techniques that access large neural populations from many brain regions simultaneously. Harnessing these large-scale datasets, however, requires new theoretical approaches. Here, we review recent work to understand brain-wide interactions using multi-region 'network of networks' models and discuss how they can guide future experiments. We also emphasize the importance of multi-region recordings, and posit that studying individual components in isolation will be insufficient to understand the neural basis of behavior.
Two quantum logics of indeterminacy

We implement a recent characterization of metaphysical indeterminacy in the context of orthodox quantum theory, developing the syntax and semantics of two propositional logics equipped with determinacy and indeterminacy operators. These logics, which extend a novel semantics for standard quantum logic that accounts for Hilbert spaces with superselection sectors, preserve different desirable features of quantum logic and logics of indeterminacy. In addition to comparing the relative advantages of the two, we also explain how each logic answers Williamson’s challenge to any substantive account of (in)determinacy: For any proposition p, what could the difference between “p” and “it’s determinate that p” ever amount to?
Intramedullary Nailing Versus Plate Fixation for Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The two techniques most utilized in the surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures are open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and intramedullary nailing (IMN). Although there have been multiple comparative clinical studies comparing outcomes for these two treatments, studies have not suggested one approach to be superior to the other. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the treatment of humeral shaft fractures with either ORIF or intramedullary nail.Methods: We conducted this meta-analysis utilizing stricter inclusion and broader exclusion criteria to examine these two common approaches. We examined those articles which have compared first-time, closed fractures of the humeral diaphysis in adults in fracture patterns that could be treated equivalently by intramedullary nail or plate fixation. The primary outcome of interest was nonunion, and studies that did not report nonunion rates were excluded.Results: There were a total of 1,926 abstracts reviewed and a total of three articles were included in the final analysis after screening. There was no significant difference in the incidence of nonunion between plating (2/111, 1.8%) and nailing (4/104, 3.9%) (p>0.05). The mean difference in average time to union for plated fractures and nailed fractures was 1.11 weeks (95% CI 0.82 to 1.40) which was statistically significant (p 0.05).Conclusions: The results of this analysis demonstrate an increased risk of iatrogenic radial nerve injury, and a significantly shorter time to union when treating humeral shaft fractures with plating as compared to intramedullary nailing. There was no difference in the rates of nonunion or delayed union. Based on the evidence, both plating and nailing can achieve a similar treatment effect on humeral shaft fractures.
Assessing the Functionality of RNA Interference (RNAi) in the Phloem-feeding Maize pest Dalbulus maidis

Dalbulus maidis [(DeLong & Wolcott), corn leafhopper], a phloem-feeding insect, is the most efficient vector of maize stunting pathogens (Spiroplasma kunkelii, Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, and Maize rayado fino virus) in the Americas. Studies involving gene editing in insects are rapidly providing information that can potentially be used for insect vector and plant disease control. RNA interference (RNAi), a sequence-specific gene silencing method, is one of the most widely used molecular tools in functional genomics studies. RNAi uses exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to prevent the production of proteins by inhibiting the expression of their corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA). In this study, we measured the efficacy of gene silencing, and its effects on D. maidis mortality as proof of concept that RNAi is a viable tool for use in genetic pest control of phloem-feeding insects. Oral delivery of dsRNA using an artificial diet was used to silence two key insect genes, vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B, and subunit D (V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D). Our results showed reduced gene expression of V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D after ingestion of dsRNA, and significantly higher mortality, and wing deformation, associated with reduced gene expression, compared to control insects that were not orally fed dsRNA. These results reveal RNAi as a viable tool for use in genetic pest control of phloem-feeding insects, and a way for further functional genomic studies, such as identification of potential target genes for either population suppression or population replacement of this vector of maize diseases.
The influence of medical diseases on obstetric and fetal mortality

Abstract This report represents a critical study of 9,696 consecutive uterine pregnancies. We have divided these cases into three groups for comparison. The first group consists of women not afflicted with medical or surgical diseases. The second group is composed of patients suffering with medical diseases. These medical diseases we have classified according to the classification proposed by Adair and Stieglitz in their recent book on Obstetric Medicine . The third group represents individuals affected with surgical complications. These complications will be presented by Dr. Fred O. Priest.