cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biaxial stress behavior of graphite and Kevlar 49 fiber/epoxy composites and hybrids

An experimental investigation was conducted to characterize mechanical behavior of fiber/epoxy composite material under biaxial stress loading. Test specimens were of two types, tubes and domed-end cylindrical pressure vessels, with filament wound [±a,90] helical/hoop construction. Fiber/epoxy laminates using AS4 graphite fiber, Kevlar 49 fiber, and intraply hybrids combining these fibers were tested. The tubular specimens were subjected to internal pressure with superimposed axial load to determine in-plane mechanical properties. The vessels were tested under internal pressure to correlate the tube data and then burst tested to establish ultimate material strengths. Room temperature creep and recovery tests were included to demonstrate timedependent behavior.
Alcoholism, Anxiety and Depression

Summary This paper discusses diagnostic and treatment approaches for dealing with patients who present with two or more psychiatric disorders. We emphasize the relationship between depressive and anxiety syndromes on one hand, and alcohol abuse on the other. Some reasons for diagnostic confusion are noted, such as the need to distinguish between drinking and alcoholism, sadness and depression, and anxiety feelings and major anxiety disorders. Because symptoms of sadness or anxiety and excessive drinking frequently overlap, a working hierarchy must be established–the approach suggested here is the determination of the primary disorder based on the chronology of development of symptoms. The authors point out some clinical guidelines for use in evaluating patients with primary alcohol abuse and secondary anxiety or depression. Using the data from the literature as well as clinical experience, it is concluded that alcoholism, major affective disorder and major anxiety disorder are distinct illnesses with different prognoses and treatments. Some implications for clinical practice are discussed.
The Properties of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPMEG

We previously cloned a cDNA encoding a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) containing sequence homology to protein 4.1, designated PTPMEG. Recombinant protein and amino- and carboxyl-terminal peptides were used to obtain polyclonal antibodies against PTPMEG to identify endogenous PTPMEG in A172 cells and to show that the enzyme is primarily localized to the membrane and cytoskeletal fractions of these cells. We prepared recombinant protein in Sf9 and COS-7 cells to further characterize it. The protein was phosphorylated in both cell types on serine and threonine residues. The multiple sites of phosphorylation were all within the intermediate domain of the protein between amino acids 386 and 503. This region also contains two PEST sequences and two proline-rich motifs that may confer binding to Src homology 3 domains. The recombinant protein was cleaved by trypsin and calpain in this region and thereby activated 4-8-fold as assayed using Raytide as substrate. We immunoprecipitated the protein from human platelets with both amino- and carboxyl-terminal antipeptide antibodies to assess the state of the enzyme in these cells. The full-length molecule was found in extracts from unstimulated platelets, whereas extracts from both calcium ionophore- and thrombin-treated platelets contained proteolyzed and activated forms of the enzyme, indicating that proteolysis by calpain is evoked in response to thrombin. Prior incubation of platelets with calpeptin, an inhibitor of calpain, blocked the agonist-induced proteolysis.
Theory and applications of body-surface Laplacian ECG mapping

This article reviews the theoretical basis of body-surface Laplacian ECG mapping and presents the author's recent research activities. These involve applying digital signal-processing techniques to achieve enhanced spatial resolution.
The glycosyltransferase involved in thurandacin biosynthesis catalyzes both O- and S-glycosylation

The S-glycosyltransferase SunS is a recently discovered enzyme that selectively catalyzes the conjugation of carbohydrates to the cysteine thiol of proteins. This study reports the discovery of a second S-glycosyltransferase, ThuS, and shows that ThuS catalyzes both S-glycosylation of the thiol of cysteine and O-glycosylation of the hydroxyl group of serine in peptide substrates. ThuS-catalyzed S-glycosylation is more efficient than O-glycosylation, and the enzyme demonstrates high tolerance with respect to both nucleotide sugars and peptide substrates. The biosynthesis of the putative products of the thuS gene cluster was reconstituted in vitro, and the resulting S-glycosylated peptides thurandacin A and B exhibit highly selective antimicrobial activity toward Bacillus thuringiensis.
Functionally Distinct Nucleic Acid Binding Sites for a Group I Intron Encoded RNA Maturase/DNA Homing Endonuclease

Abstract A large number of group I introns encode a family of homologous proteins that either promote intron splicing (maturases) or are site-specific DNA endonucleases that function in intron mobility (a process called “homing”). Genetic studies have shown that some of these proteins have both activities, yet how a single protein carries out both functions remains obscure. The similarity between respective DNA-binding sites and the RNA structure near the 5′ and 3′ splice sites has fueled speculation that such proteins may use analogous interactions to perform both functions. The Aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial COB group I intron encodes a bi-functional protein, I- Ani I, that has both RNA maturase and site-specific DNA endonuclease activities in vitro . Here, we show that I- Ani I shows distinctive features of the endonuclease family to which it belongs, including highly specific, tight binding and sequential DNA strand cleavage. Competition experiments demonstrate that I- Ani I binds the COB intron RNA even in saturating concentrations of its DNA target site substrate, suggesting that the protein has a separate binding site for RNA. In addition, we provide evidence that two different DNA-binding site mutants of I- Ani I have little effect on the protein's RNA maturation activity. Since RNA splicing is likely a secondary adaptation of the protein, these observations support a model in which homing endonucleases may have developed maturase function by utilizing a hitherto “non-functional” protein surface.
MORE EVIDENCE FOR CONIFER DIVERSITY IN THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF NORTH CAROLINA

An ovulate strobilus from the Upper Triassic Deep River Basin, North Carolina, has helically arranged, loosely aggregated, elongated, spatulate bracts with axillary ovule-bearing appendages with about 8-10 ovules attached in two lateral rows, with outwardly directed micropyles. The axillary ovuliferous appendage is homologous with the voltzialean fertile dwarf shoot, but probably not directly evolved from it. More credible is a suggested origin from a completely fertile axillary appendage such as that of the Lower Permian Trichopitys. The occurrence of this cone, Metridiostrobus palissyaeoides, gen. and sp. nov., along with Compsostrobus neotericus and Voltzia andrewsii, reflects considerable diversity among conifer ovulate cones during the Upper Triassic. LARGELY as the result of the comprehensive and authoritative works by Florin (1944a, b), it is generally agreed that the basic unit of a conifer ovulate cone is a modified, ovule-bearing, dwarf shoot that is subtended by a bract. Configurations of the axillary ovuliferous scale are varied throughout the division Coniferophyta, ranging from a radial, leaf- and ovulebearing shoot (e.g., Lebachia piniformis) to a
The development of a cellular manufacturing system for automotive parts

The similarity of coefficient method, simulation modeling, and computer-aided layout design are employed to develop, implement, and evaluate a cellular manufacturing system for the production of automotive parts for car seats.
Neurotoxicity of radiological contrast agents

The most important complications of intravascular administration of contrast agents include idiosyncratic (anaphylactoid) reactions, shock, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute renal failure, and neurotoxic effects. The incidence of serious neurotoxic effects is low. Entry of contrast agents into the central nervous system normally is limited but may be increased by osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier with cerebral arteriography or arch aortography. Most neurotoxic effects are thought to represent direct effects of the contrast agent on brain or spinal cord. Adverse effects with arteriography include seizures, transient cortical blindness, brain edema, and spinal cord injury. Most cases of focal brain deficit (other than cortical blindness) are attributed to embolism secondary to the catheter. Seizures may occur with intravenous administration, especially in patients with brain tumors or other processes disrupting the blood-brain barrier. The most important adverse effects observed with myelographic agents include acute and chronic meningeal reactions with iophendylate, and seizures and transient encephalopathy with metrizamide.
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUINE ABORTION VIRUS NUCLEIC ACID.

Abstract Physicochemical studies have been carried out on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of equine abortion virus. The buoyant density was 1.716 g/ml and the melting temperature was 51.4°C, both equivalent to a guanine plus cytosine content of 57 mole per cent. The DNA, extracted and purified with a minimum of degradation, gave sedimentation coefficients of 49–52 S under the conditions employed by Rubenstein et al. (1961). The estimated molecular weight based on the sedimentation relationship reported by these authors ranged from 83.6 to 93.8 million. Molecular weights for these same preparations determined by band-width measurements were not in agreement until the DNA had been chromatographed on a methylated-albumin column. A sample of DNA treated in this manner had a molecular weight of 93.8 × 10 6 determined from its S value and 92 × 10 6 from band-width measurements. The molecular weight for this same material based on the length of the DNA molecule, determined by electron microscopy, was 92.2 × 10 6 daltons.
Vacancy pairs in sodalite

Abstract Sensitized sodalite is thought to contain paired anion and cation vacancies in the interstices of the alumino-silicate framework. Using an extension of the Born model to describe the potential in an interstice, the equilibrium configuration of a vacancy pair is calculated and the similarity between the anion site in the alkali halides and sodalite is discussed. The vacancy pair is shown to possess an electric dipole moment; hence it should exhibit dielectric loss.
How One Program at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Establishes its Scientific Priorities

The scientific priorities of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) are delineated in the NHLBI Strategic Plan, which was released in March 2007 ([1][1]). The plan lays out a broad agenda for government-funded biomedical research and training in cardiovascular disease, lung and blood
Calls for Reform to the U.S. Hospice System

The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical perspective of the hospice system within the U.S. In addition, this paper discusses current trends within the U.S. hospice system and provides a platform for discussion about the future of the system in terms of policy standards. The more than 30 year history of hospice in the U.S. has experienced many changes. Originally organized as nonprofit entities, hospices became Medicare funded in the 1980’s and has seen substantial growth in the number of for-profit entities. Hospice has moved from being seen as a “place to go die” to being viewed as a viable option for long-term care near the end of life. Changes in the hospice payment system from a per diem reimbursement system and calls for quality measures are at the forefront of the current system and the major issues that the system faces in the future.
Stable isotopic compositions of sulfur in PIRLA sediment cores

Stable isotopic compositions of total sedimentary sulfur were determined for cores from eight of the PIRLA study lakes. Preindustrial sulfur deposited prior to 1800 had roughly constant isotopic compositions within a 1–2‰ range in each core. In more recent sediments, large 5–10‰ decreases in 34S content occurred and likely resulted from the addition of anthropogenic sulfur. These isotopic changes began at the same time that lead concentrations increased in sediments, suggesting a close linkage between lead and sulfur deposition in the mid and late 1800s.
A simultaneous equations model of migration and economic change in nonmetropolitan areas.

A simultaneous equations model of migration and economic growth in nonmetropolitan regions of the United States is estimated using data for 1960-1970. The dependent variables considered include in-migration out-migration growth in employment and growth in income. The findings indicate that there is a definite link between the patterns of economic and demographic change in nonmetropolitan areas but that it differs in important respects from that which has been observed in metropolitan areas. (ANNOTATION)
Registration of ‘Faller’ Spring Wheat

Faller' (Reg. No. CV-1026, PI 648350) hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES). Faller was derived from the ND2857/ND2814 cross made at NDSU in fall 1997. ND2857 (ND2709/ND688) is a hard red spring experimental line with good resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (telomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch)) originating from ND2709, a line known to possess the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus derived from 'Sumai3' (PI 481542). Sumai3, a spring wheat from China, is arguably the most widely used source of resistance to FHB in the world. Both ND2709 and ND688 are HRSW experimental lines developed by the NDSU breeding program. ND2814 ('Kitt' (PI 518818)/'Amidon' (PI 527682)/3/'Grandin' (PI 531005)/'Stoa S' (PI 520297)) is an HRSW line developed by the NDSU HRSW breeding program. Kitt is an HRSW cultivar released in 1975 by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS, while Amidon, Grandin, and Stoa are HRSW cultivars released by NDAES in 1988, 1989, 1984, respectively. Faller was produced from a bulk of one purifi ed F 4:5 plot selected in 2001 at Christchurch, New Zealand. Faller was released because it combines very high yield with good end-use quality and resistance to FHB and leaf diseases.
Uptake of shallow groundwater by cotton: growth stage, groundwater salinity effects in column lysimeters

Abstract A 3-year column lysimeter experiment was conducted with cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to determine the influence of shallow groundwater salinity on groundwater uptake. Nonsaline (0.3 dS m −1 ) irrigation water was applied at 7-day intervals throughout the growing season, with the cotton allowed to use stored soil water and groundwater as root water uptake permitted. Groundwater salinities ranging from 0.3 dS m −1 electrical conductivity (EC w ) to 30.8 dS m −1 were evaluated. Water for leaching was applied following harvest each year in amounts adequate to produce a nonsaline soil profile at the beginning of each year. Equations were developed to describe relationships between day of year, growth stage or growing degree days and shallow groundwater uptake. Groundwater contributed about 30 to 42% of seasonal total evapotranspiration (ET) in treatments with groundwater salinity ≤ 20 dS m −1 but declined to 12 to 19% of total ET at higher salinity levels.
Developmental Evolution: How Beetles Evolved Their Shields

Beetle forewings are modified into hardened structures called elytra. A recent study indicates that the evolution of elytra involved co-opting genes for exoskeleton formation into the wing development gene network of beetles on at least three separate occasions.
Housing wealth, financial wealth, and consumption: New evidence from micro data

Abstract Fluctuations in the stock market and in house values over the course of recent years have led to renewed macroeconomic policy debate as regards the effects of financial and housing wealth in the determination of consumer spending. This research assembles a unique matched sample of household data from the Survey of Consumer Finance and the Consumer Expenditure Survey to estimate the consumption effects of financial and housing wealth. The micro-data permit numerous innovations in the assessment of wealth effects, including an analysis of the impact of wealth on both durable and non-durable consumption and a comparison of wealth effects as derive from gross versus after-debt measures of financial and housing wealth. Further, the research seeks to assess robustness of those estimates to deviations from trend and volatility in financial and housing wealth and among credit constrained and non-credit constrained households. Overall, research findings indicate relatively large housing wealth effects. Among homeowners, the housing wealth elasticities are estimated in the range of .06 over the 1989–2001 period. In marked contrast, the estimated elasticities of consumption spending with respect to financial wealth are smaller in magnitude and are in the range of .02. Further, the estimated wealth elasticities appear robust to deviations from trend and volatility in the wealth measures. Research findings support the hypothesized behavioral distinction in household consumption spending across durable versus non-durable categories. Consumption propensities also diverge sharply across the credit constrained and non-credit constrained households. Finally, there is little difference in wealth elasticities derived from measures of home equity versus house values. Research findings suggest the possibility of sizable reverse wealth effects. For example, a 10 percent decline in housing wealth from 2005 levels translates into a 1 percentage point decline in real GDP growth, a sizable reduction relative to the approximate 4 percent real GDP growth evidenced in prior years. Results of the analysis point to the sizable economy-wide risks associated with the recent retrenchment in house values.
Demand competition and investment heterogeneity in industries based on systemic technologies: evidence from the US long-distance telecommunications services industry, 1984–1996

Industries based on systemic technologies are often characterized by a dynamically evolving market structure. The market structure that provides the context for firms’ investment choices itself evolves due to the feedback effect of firms’ investments. In such cases, analyses of investment-performance relationship, purporting to explain sustainable competitive advantages, should ideally account for the endogeneity of the determinants of market structure—technology, demand, and policy—and firms’ investment choices. This paper focuses on the endogeneity of the demand-side determinants of market structure and firms’ demand-side investments under the assumed conditions of constant technology and policy environment. In doing so it contradicts the extant depiction of the evolution of industrial market structure in the above context as primarily caused by the evolution of underlying technological system in response to firms’ endogenous technological investments that generate sustainable competitive advantage for the dominant firms. A dynamic evolutionary model of demand competition captures the competition in the downstream market for basic industry product and its complements in an industry based on systemic technology during its post-interoperability stage. A natural experiment drawn from the US Long-distance telecommunications services industry during 1984–1996 allows testing the hypotheses drawn from the above model in a panel data setting.
A framework for incorporating dyads in models of HIV-prevention

Although HIV is contracted by individuals, it is typically transmitted in dyads. Most efforts to promote safer sex practices, however, focus exclusively on individuals. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework that specifies how models of dyadic processes and relationships can inform models of HIV-prevention. At the center of the framework is the proposition that safer sex between two people requires a dyadic capacity for successful coordination. According to this framework, relational, individual, and structural variables that affect the enactment of safer sex do so through their direct and indirect effects on that dyadic capacity. This dyadic perspective does not require an ongoing relationship between two individuals; rather, it offers a way of distinguishing between dyads along a continuum from anonymous strangers (with minimal coordination of behavior) to long-term partners (with much greater coordination). Acknowledging the dyadic context of HIV-prevention offers new targets for interventions and suggests new approaches to tailoring interventions to specific populations.
Variation in types of service use and expenditures for individuals with developmental disabilities.

Abstract Background This study examined the types of services and expenditures for 8 service categories provided by regional centers to 138,336 individuals with developmental disabilities living at home and in the community in California in 2004-2005. Methods Logistic regressions of secondary data were used to predict the types of services received, and ordinary least squares regressions were used to predict types of service expenditures. Results Higher client needs generally were associated with higher odds of receiving services and with expenditures, although the types of services varied by client need. Controlling for client needs and other factors, males were more likely to receive out-of-home services. Individuals aged 3-21 years were generally less likely to receive many services but were more likely to receive in-home and out-of-home respite services than were those over age 62. All racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive support and out-of-home services than were whites and had lower expenditures, although these varied by the types of services. The supply of nursing homes, community care facilities, area population characteristics, and regional centers also predicted variations in service use and expenditure patterns. Conclusion Studies of the underlying reasons for the variations are needed to ensure equity in access to all types of services and expenditures.
Cardiac function and behavioral reactivity during infancy

Longitudinal cardiac data from the end of the fetal period to 21 months of age were examined for change and stability over age and relations to the temperamental characteristics of high and low reactivity at 4 months of age and fear to the unfamiliar in the second year. Heart period and power in the cardiac spectra changed dramatically over the first 2 years, and individual differences were not preserved until 9-14 months of age. Sleep heart period at 2 weeks of age and low frequency power at 2 months of age were better predictors of the temperamental categories than later measures of the same variables, suggesting that cardiac function early in life may be an especially sensitive index of temperamental qualities.
Cell surface proteins and malignant transformation.

Abstract Many of the altered properties of malignant cells are thought to involve alterations in cell surface functions. In order to understand these alterations it is necessary to know more about the molecular structure of the surface. Methods for analyzing surface proteins are discussed and their application to normal and transformed tissue culture cells are reviewed. A number of surface proteins are observed to be altered by transformation. Most of the alterations are reductions in amounts of particular species, although a few proteins do increase. Evidence concerning the reasons for these alterations and the possible functions of some of the molecules is reviewed. Working hypotheses arising from these data are presented and prospects for understanding the physiological changes in terms of molecular effects are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the idea that surface molecules are associated in specific-non-covalent complexes which are important for their functions.
Race, Class, and Gender in an Urban School a Case Study:

Pupils from a multiracial, multicultural community were relatively knowledgeable and accepting of differences. The school did little to increase either.
Do body size and diet breadth affect partitioning of species diversity? A test with forest Lepidoptera

Two of the major themes resulting from recent macroecological research are the central roles that body size and niche breadth may play as determinants of species geographical distribution. Unanswered questions, however, linger regarding how similarities in body size or niche breadth affect the allocation of α- and β-diversity across spatial scales. Using data on moth diversity in the eastern deciduous forest of North America, we tested the predictions that smaller-bodied and diet-restricted species would have lower levels of α-diversity within forest stands and greater β-diversity at higher sampling scales compared to larger or more generalist species. Moths were sampled using a nested sampling design consisting of three hierarchical levels: 20 forest stands, 5 sites and 3 ecoregions. Body size for 492 species was estimated as mean forewing length, and diet breadth was assessed from the published literature. Moth species were then classified according to body size (small or large) or diet breadth (generalist or restricted), and partitioning was conducted on each group. Diversity partitions for large- and small-bodied species yielded similar patterns. When observed diversity components differed from those derived from our null model, a consistent pattern was observed: α-diversity was greater than expected, β-diversity among forest stands was less than expected, and β-diversity among sites and ecoregions was higher than expected. In contrast, diet-restricted moths contributed significantly less to stand-level α-diversity than generalist feeders. Furthermore, specialists contributed to a greater proportion of β-diversity across scales compared to generalist moths. Because absolute measures of β-diversity among stands were greater for generalists than for restricted feeders, we suggest that regional β-diversity of forest moths may be influenced by several possible factors: intraspecific aggregation of diet-restricted species, local fluctuations in population size of eruptive generalists and small geographical distributions of generalist moths than predicted by the geographical extent of putative host plant.
Aristotle and modern biology.

Science had its origin, if not in opposition to Aristotle, at least in opposition to Aristotelianism. But science in its most authoritative form was what came to be called physics, not biology. Faced with the recent crisis in biology, in which the life sciences have been threatened with reduction to microversions of themselves and ultimately to chemistry and physics, one wonders if the besieged biologists, or at any rate their philosophical defenders, might not after all learn something to their advantage by reflecting on the one great philosopher who was also a great biologist. And we can learn from Aristotle; not, however, in a simple or straightforward fashion. There is no use just contrasting, as some have been tempted to do, Democritean with Aristotelian science and putting physicists in the former class, biologists in the latter. Even if we reject Simpson’s alleged reaffirmation of Roger Bacon and stoutly deny that ‘the study of Aristotle increases ignorance’,1 we must nevertheless admit that in some important respects biology, like all modern science, really is, and must be, un-Aristotelian. This thesis could be defended in a number of ways; let me select four.2
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF ANESTHESIA MONITORS

This essay argues that optimal utilization of anesthesia monitors requires careful technology assessment. This careful assessment is important because monitors may produce spurious or uninterpretable values, or they may damage patients. In addition, resources should be spent only for truly beneficial devices. The types of evidence that this essay describes for use in technology assessment include questions concerning data reliability, data interpretability, and data outcome. Considerable evidence bearing on technology assessment has already been amassed. I propose synthesizing this evidence by meta-analysis. Additional primary studies of technology assessment are also needed.
ETIOLOGY OF SEPSIS IN A PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY CLINIC

In a review of pediatric oncology records from 1972-1976, 27 patients (pts.) with 42 distinct episodes of sepsis (S) were identified (23 leukemia-lymphoma patients (LLP) with 31 episodes, 2 tumor (T) patients with 5 episodes and 2 aplastic anemia (AA) pts. with 6 episodes). Gram negative (GN) organisms (excluding Hemophilus sp.) accounted for 18 episodes, 17 in neutropenic (NP) (<500 granulocytes) pts.: 11 E. coli, 2 P. aeruginosa, 3 Klebsiella-Enterobacter sp. and 2 Bacteroides sp. Four NP LLP with E. coli S. survived. Three pts. had H. influenzae type B and survived; all were in relapse or had disseminated disease but were not NP. Gram positive organisms accounted for 19 episodes: 2 S. viridans with 2 survivors, 5 S. aureus (SA) (all NP) with 4 survivors and 12 S. pneumoniae (P) with 12 survivors. Granulocyte infusions did not appear to influence survival. LLP in relapse and T pts. with disseminated disease had a greater incidence of GN or SA S. E. coli S. in these pts. had the highest mortality (6/11). S. pneumoniae was the only etiologic agent responsible for S. in pts. In remission, all of whom were not NP (7/12) whereas 5/12 episodes of P S occurred in NP pts. in relapse. In this series, P was the most common etiologic agent in S in pediatric oncology pts. and had a uniformly favorable outcome.
Morphisms, tensor products and σ-effect algebras

Abstract This paper first considers morphisms, bimorphisms, and tensor products of effect algebras. Various tensor products of specific types of effect algebras are computed. We then investigate σ-effect algebras, σ-morphisms, σ-bimorphisms, σ-tensor products and compute some specific σ-tensor products. Effective mappings on σ-effect algebras are introduced and studied. A class of mappings on a Hilbert space called quadratic state-forms is presented. A one-to-one correspondence between quadratic state-forms and σ-morphisms from a σ-effect algebra to a Hilbert space effect algebra is given.
Photoluminescence of Zinc Oxide Nanowires: The Effect of Surface Band Bending

The photoluminescence of zinc oxide nanowires was investigated via the thermal annealing treatment in oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor conditions. Dramatic changes in the relative intensity of the ultraviolet and the green visible luminescence were observed following different annealing treatments. The changes in photoluminescence bear little correlation to the changes in the oxygen-to-zinc ratios that were revealed using Raman scattering and other characterization techniques. The chemisorption of oxygen and the subsequent surface band bending, instead of the oxygen vacancy concentration, are shown to be the mechanism that determines the observed changes in photoluminescence.
Rupture of the ascending aorta caused by blunt trauma

Abstract Background . Rupture of the ascending aorta caused by blunt trauma rarely has been diagnosed and treated. As a result, the clinical manifestations and management of this injury have not been clearly defined. Methods . We describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of 3 consecutive patients with ascending aortic rupture treated during the last 3 years. We also review the cases with this injury reported in the English-language literature until 1996. Results . The predominant clinical manifestations of all patients, including reviewed case reports, were those of other organ injuries, and 5 had signs of aortic regurgitation and 1 of cardiac tamponade. The mediastinal silhouette was normal in 6 and widened in 14 patients, 1 of whom had also rupture of the subclavian artery. The aortic tears were managed with primary repair or with graft interposition and the valve injury with replacement or repair. Three of 20 patients died, for an overall mortality of 15%. Conclusions . Ascending aortic rupture should be considered in any patient with severe blunt trauma who has widened mediastinum or cardiac tamponade, as well as in patients with associated major thoracic injuries. Absence of a widened mediastinal silhouette does not exclude the diagnosis. The repair is relatively straightforward, but survival depends primarily on the severity of associated injuries.
LONG TERM BRAIN INJURY IN THE NEONATAL RAT IS REDUCED BY NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION INDUCED AFTER A HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC INSULT. |[dagger]| 1751

Brain swelling is an early indicator of post ischemic cerebrovascular injury in the neonatal rat. We found that swelling measured at 42h post insult, can be reduced by L- nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) injected s.c. at the onset of recovery. L-NAME reduces nitric oxide (NO) production by inhibiting all isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Objective: To determine if nonspecific inhibition of NOS with L-NAME, or selective inhibition of the inducible NOS isoform with Aminoguanidine, could reduce post ischemic brain atrophy in 7 day old (P7) rats. Method: We produced a hypoxic-ischemic insult to the right cerebral hemisphere of 58 P7 rats by permanent right common carotid artery ligation and exposure to 8% oxygen for 2.25h at 36.8 C The rats then recovered in room air with their dams for 14 days. T reatment was given at the onset of recovery: 13 rats received L-NAME(5mg/kg s.c.); 15 rats D-NAME (the inactive isomer of L-NAME, 5mg/kg s.c): 15 control rats got Saline and 15 rats received Aminoguanidine 100mg/kg s.c. Only the Aminogaunidine treatment was repeated at 15h, 24h, 39h and 48h of recovery. At 14 days of recovery the brains were removed and immersion fixed. From a 2mm thick coronal section through the damaged region, the area of the damaged R vs L hemisphere was expressed as% R hemisphere preservation (the higher the% the less atrophic was the R hemisphere). Results (Mean±SD): Saline group, 70.8±18.7%; D-NAME group, 68.0±15.0%; Aminoguanidine group, 73.4±20.9%: L-NAME group 89.7±10.9%(p20.01 vs other groups). Conclusion: A single treatment of L-NAME(5mg/kg s.c) administered at the start of recovery significantly reduced long term hypoxicischemic brain injury by about 67%. In contrast, multiple doses of the inducible NOS inhibitor Aminoguanidine, failed to reduce atrophy.
Restrictive covenants in professional employment contracts.

For a court to sustain a restrictive covenant with anticompetition as its major thrust does violence to our individual rights. There is no duty for a former employee not to compete as an incident of employment. Employers who seek to enforce restrictive covenants to protect their practice areas are asking the court to place on one side of the scales of justice the birthright of a newcomer to engage in the competitive marketplace and to place on the other side the right of the established group to have a public market area reserved exclusively for their benefit by prior claim. The court is being asked to take valuable legal rights to pursue competitive opportunities from one person or business and give them to the other person or business. In a legal sense, this is not easy to justify. Without something specific and private to protect other than public competitive opportunities, a restrictive covenant may violate public policy by casting a chilling effect on competition, may be abusive to constitutional equ...
A centennial: George W. Beadle, 1903-1989.

GEORGE BEADLE was a quadruple-threat man—scientist, teacher, administrator, and public citizen. He excelled in each. Furthermore, he did what very few geneticists did in his time: he studied three different organisms and made outstanding discoveries in every case. He followed his interests and
Black soldiers in a white military: Political change in South Africa

(1981). Black soldiers in a white military: Political change in South Africa. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 296-305.
Rationale and procedures for nesting semi-structured interviews in surveys or censuses

Demographers who use survey data and census data from health and demographic surveillance areas can gain substantially from expanding their repertoire of methods to make use of qualitative methods. Similarly, those who conduct and analyse data primarily from semi-structured interviews or focus groups can benefit from information provided by survey research. This paper presents a systematic mixed-methods model—data-linked nested studies—for sampling respondents for semi-structured interviews from survey or census lists. The paper outlines how to conduct these types of study, and their technical and analytical advantages. It highlights the benefits of building on a strong foundation, the ability to compare samples, and the expansion of the range of evidence for, or against, the validity of the substantive findings. Case studies from two data-linked nested projects—in Malawi and South Africa—are used to describe in detail the nested-study approach.
Pancreatic reg I binds MKP-1 and regulates cyclin D in pancreatic-derived cells.

Background The pancreatic regenerating (reg I) gene and its protein product are derived from acinar cells and are mitogenic to β- and ductal cells. We studied the mechanism of this mitogenic response. Materials and methods ARIP (rat ductal) and RIN 1046–38 (rat β-) cell lines were exposed to exogenous reg I in culture or transfected with a reg I expression vector. Mitogenesis was assessed by MTS assay (CellTiter 96; Promega, Inc., Madison, WI), and cellular mRNA was subjected to gene microarray analysis to determine signal transduction pathways. Yeast two-hybrid technology was then used to determine intracellular binding of reg I protein. Results Cells exposed to exogenous reg I showed a mitogenic response; cells transfected with reg I expression vector showed inhibited growth. Microarray analysis of the former showed induction of cyclin pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1); cyclins were inhibited in the latter. Northern analysis confirmed gene induction of cyclin D1 and MKP-1; JNK was phosphorylated prior to expression of both. Yeast two-hybrid analysis confirmed a protein–protein interaction with MKP-1; this was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Conclusions Pancreatic-derived cells exposed to reg I grow by activation of signal transduction pathways involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases and cyclins, with concomitant induction of MKP-1. However, high intracellular levels of reg I lead to decreased growth, likely via a binding to and inactivation of MKP-1. Inhibition of cell growth, and possible induction of apoptosis, may lead to differentiation of these cells to other cell types.
Defined medium supporting development of cleansed Plasmodium berghei ookinetes in Anopheles stephensi

Abstract Hamsters blood infected with Plasmodium berghei was cultured in vitro for the development of ookinetes. The ookinetes were separated from blood components, suspended in various defined media and fed to Anopheles stephensi through a membrane. The development of the oocysts and infective sporozoites was recorded. Mosquitoes infected with ookinetes suspended i L15 formulated into L15-B, L15-D (a medium specially modified for this purpose), IPL-41 or 199 media with no proteins added, developed at least as many oocysts as the control mosquitoes fed ookinetes suspended in blood. Ookinetes suspended in the L15-B medium yielded more oocysts than after feeding ookinetes suspended in L15-B with 5% casein. Sporozoites from mosquitoes maintained on blood, L15-B, L15-D, or L15-B with 5% casein were shown to be infective to hamsters. Mosquitoes fed ookinetes suspended in sucrose solutions showed very few oocysts, but the yield was increased when a blood meal was given 2–4 days after the infective meal. Some of the oocysts which had developed from the ookinetes suspended in artificial media were found to have degenerated. The described system could be potentially useful for a study of the interaction between the vector physiology and the parasite. The possible use of the system to learn which media should be developed in the future for in vitro cultivation of oocysts is discussed.
Works from Le Louarn and Pascal missing from abdominoplasty articles.

Dear Sir: It was disappointing to read in Aesthetic Surgery Journal (vol 30, no. 3, May/June 2010) three articles1,2,3 regarding seroma following abdominoplasty with no mention of the great works of Le Louarn and …
Ionophore A23187 promotes osteoclast formation in bone organ culture.

Morphologic effects of the ionophore A23187 were compared with those of PTH and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on fetal rat limb bone cultures. All three treatments resulted in loss of bone and the appearance of multinucleate osteoclasts. Only PTH caused proliferation of fibroblast-like cells within the marrow cavity. Cleanly dissected (“stripped”) bones were unresponsive to A23187 and exhibited many dead and dying cells after 48 h in culture with this agent; in contrast, stripped bones were responsive to PTH. All three treatments showed a similar time course of appearance of osteoclasts. The results indicate that all three agents promote osteoclast formation. There are several possible explanations for the differential effects of A23187 and PTH in stripped bones, including the possibility that the cells of the periosteum are required for the action of A23187 but not of PTH.
An ultrastructural assessment of mitochondrial in the gastric parietal cell with the high iron diamine methods.

The ultrastructural densification of mitochondria by the high iron diamine (HID) method has been investigated by staining gastric parietal cells with each component of the HID reagent, alone or in combination, or with an otherwise modified HID solution. The effect of certain chemical treatments prior to staining has also been assessed. These tests provided evidence for at east three cytochemically distinguishable constituents in the mitochondrial matrix. In addition, the results from these tests and observations obtained with a newly introduced diaminobenzidine (DAB)-FeCl3 staining reagent indicated that the probable mode of action of the HID method in imparting density to mitochondrial matrix entails combination between a complex of iron with polymerized or aggregatedm- andp-diamine and some matrix constituent. Assessment of the cytochemical staining in varied fixation condition revealed that the lucent population of mitochondria recently described in HID-stained parietal cells reflects a failure to stain with the method because of inadequate fixation.
An Introduction to the Ideology of the Baroque in Spain

(1946). An Introduction to the Ideology of the Baroque in Spain. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 82-107.
Enzymatic degradation of chlorophyll a by marine phytoplankton in vitro

Abstract The enzymatic degradation of chlorophyll a and the formation of chlorophyllide a, phaeophytin a, and phaeophorbide a were detected in vitro in several species of marine phytoplankton. Loss of phytol and Mg2+ were found to be catalysed by chlorophyllase and a magnesium-releasing enzyme, respectively. The activities of the two enzymes could be distinguished from each other by inhibiting with Mg2+ and/or p-chloromercurobenzoate. Both enzymes are activated by cell disintegration. Degradation products were not detected spectrophotometrically in vivo. Additionally, in some species, chlorophyll a was degraded to products which do not absorb visible light.
HYDRATION OF WHOLE SOYBEANS AFFECTS SOLIDS LOSSES AND COOKING QUALITY

Air-dried soybeans absorb water rapidly for the first 2 hr followed by a slower rate of uptake. The beans take up an equal weight of water (100% hydration) after approximately 2.5 hr at 37°C to 5.5 hr at 20°C and reach complete hydration (140% hydration) after 6 hr at 37°C and 16 hr at 20°C. Soluble solids are leached out of the beans at a fairly steady rate throughout the hydration, and the amount is greater with higher temperatures. Temperature is the most important factor in determining the rate of water absorption and of solids losses. Of the total solids lost, 7–16% is protein. The proportion of protein loss increases as the soaking time and temperature increase. About 30–50% of soluble sugars, including fructose, sucrose, raffinose and stachyose, are removed from the beans after overnight soaking at 25°C. On the other hand, the amounts of trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin found in the soybean soak are relatively small as compared to that present in the air-dried beans. Hydrating soybeans to 100% prior to cooking reduces the cooking time, increases the tenderness and weight of the cooked beans, and improves their appearance. Complete hydration results in no further improvement in cooking rate or cooking quality of the beans.
Potential role of the src gene product in inhibition of gap-junctional communication in NIH/3T3 cells

Abstract The effects of the src gene on the activity of protein kinase C and intercellular communication have been studied in transformed NIH/3T3 clones isolated from soft agar following transfection with the plasmid carrying the v-src gene (psrc-11). Six transformed clones that were studied contained newly incorporated v-src genes in the genome, had an increased amount of pp60src, and showed enhanced activities of protein kinase C. Intercellular communication, studied by observing with autoradiography the transfer of [3H]uridine nucleotide from prelabeled donor cells to recipient cells in contact, was found to be reduced in transformed clones as compared to parental NIH/3T3 cells. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was also found to increase protein kinase C activity and to reduce intercellular communication in normal NIH/3T3 cells. These results suggest that the v-src gene product, in a manner similar to some of the powerful tumor promoters, may directly or indirectly affect cell-cell communication.
Multimodality Imaging of Pancreatic Arteriovenous Malformation

Arteriovenous malformation of the pancreas (PAVM) is a very rare entity, although it may be increasingly diagnosed with the expanding use of cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen. PAVM is characterized by a network of tangled vasculature within and surrounding all or part of the pancreas, resulting in the shunting of the arteries of the pancreas directly into the portal venous system. Here, we present a patient with chronic abdominal pain and pancreatitis found to have PAVM, based on the findings of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and angiography. Differential considerations are discussed. Although PAVM is uncommon, it should be considered in the differential of patients with recurrent abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding.