cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ketorolac after colectomy for ulcerative colitis in children: An analysis of opioid utilization and postoperative complications.

Abstract Introduction Enhanced recovery protocols include multimodal perioperative pain control and frequently include use of NSAIDs. There is conflicting evidence that ketorolac use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may precipitate disease flares and postoperative complications. The outcomes of children who receive ketorolac in this setting are not well known. We sought to evaluate ketorolac utilization in children following colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Methods All patients undergoing colectomy for ulcerative colitis between 2007 and 2017 at a tertiary children's hospital were reviewed. We collected patient age, duration of symptoms, operative details, medication utilization, length of stay, and postoperative complications. We performed a cohort comparison of these variables across patients who did vs. did not receive postoperative ketorolac. Results Sixty children were identified with median age at diagnosis of 12.6 years (IQR: 9.9–14.5). At colectomy, patients had a median PUCAI score of 60 (45–70), ESR 34 mm/h (15–50), hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL (9.3–12.9), and albumin 3.1 g/dL (2.4–3.8). Postoperatively, 45% (n = 27) received ketorolac. Patients in both cohorts had a similar length of stay, duration of opioid exposure, total morphine equivalents utilized, readmission rate, and unexpected return to the operating room. There were no documented cases of postoperative bleeding, acute kidney injury, or disease related flares among children receiving ketorolac. Conclusions Administration of ketorolac after colectomy in IBD was not associated with an increase in any postoperative complications, though the study was underpowered to detect these differences. However, ketorolac administration did not lead to a decreased utilization of opioid analgesia. Further prospective research is necessary to understand whether ketorolac in this population is safe and offers benefit. Type of study Retrospective study. Level of evidence III
Men Do Not Rule the World of Tanks: Negating the Gender-Performance Gap in a Spatial-Action Game by Controlling for Time Played:

The present research addresses the stereotype that women and girls lack the ability to succeed compared to men and boys in video games. Previous lab-based research has found that playing spatial-ac...
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Specific Issues for Adolescents

Long-acting reversible contraceptives are the most effective methods to prevent pregnancy and also offer noncontraceptive benefits such as reducing menstrual blood flow and dysmenorrhea. The safety and efficacy of long-acting reversible contraception are well established for adolescents, but the rate of use remains low for this population. The pediatrician can play a key role in increasing access to long-acting reversible contraception for adolescents by providing accurate patient-centered contraception counseling and by understanding and addressing the barriers to use.
PIN-like ductal carcinoma of the prostate has frequent activating RAS/RAF mutations.

AIMS Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-like (PIN-like) ductal carcinoma is a rare tumour characterised by often cystically dilated glands architecturally resembling high-grade PIN, but lacking basal cells. These tumours are frequently accompanied by grade group 1 acinar cancer and behave relatively indolently. In contrast, conventional ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive variant comparable to grade group 4 acinar cancer. Here, we used targeted next-generation sequencing to molecularly profile PIN-like ductal carcinoma cases at radical prostatectomy. METHODS AND RESULTS Five PIN-like ductal carcinoma samples at radical prostatectomy with sufficient tumour tissue available were analysed for genomic alterations by targeted next-generation sequencing using the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) solid tumour panel. DNA was captured using SureSelect for 640 genes and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Three of five (60%) of the PIN-like ductal carcinomas showed activating mutations in the RAS/RAF pathways, which are extraordinarily rare in conventional primary prostate carcinoma (<3% of cases), including an activating hot-spot BRAF mutation (p.K601E), an activating hot-spot mutation in HRAS (p.Q61K) and an in-frame activating deletion in BRAF (p.T488_Q493delinsK). An additional two cases lacked BRAF or HRAS mutations, but harboured in-frame insertions of uncertain significance in MAP2K4 and MAP3K6. One case had sufficient acinar tumour for sequencing, and showed a similar molecular profile as the concurrent PIN-like ductal carcinoma, suggesting a clonal relationship between the two components. CONCLUSIONS PIN-like ductal carcinoma represents a molecularly unique tumour, enriched for potentially targetable oncogenic driver mutations in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. This molecular profile contrasts with that of conventional ductal adenocarcinoma, which is typically enriched for pathogenic mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathways.
Two KCNQ2 Encephalopathy Variants in the Calmodulin-Binding Helix A Exhibit Dominant-Negative Effects and Altered PIP2 Interaction

Heterozygous missense variants in KCNQ2, which encodes the potassium channel subunit Kv7.2, are among the most common genetic causes of severe neonatal-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Because about 20% of known severe Kv7.2 missense changes lie within the intracellular C-terminal region, improving understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms is important. We analyzed the basis for the severe phenotypes of Kv7.2 A337T and A337G, variants in the C-terminal's calmodulin (CaM)-binding Helix A. When expressed heterologously in mammalian cells, alone or in combination with wild type Kv7.2 or with wild type Kv7.2 and Kv7.3, both variants strongly suppressed channel currents. A337T channels expressed alone exhibited significantly reduced protein half-life and surface trafficking and co-immunoprecipitated less CaM. For both variants, increasing cellular phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by overexpression of PI(4)P5-kinase restored current densities. For both variants, the fraction of current suppressed by activation of M1 muscarinic receptors with 10 μM oxotremorine methiodide, which depletes PIP2, was less than for controls. During voltage-sensitive phosphatase-induced transient PIP2 depletion and resynthesize, potassium current inhibition and recovery kinetics were both markedly slowed. These results suggest that these variants may reduce currents by a mechanism not previously described: slowing of PIP2 migration between the bulk membrane and binding sites mediating channel electromechanical coupling. A novel Kv7.2/3-selective opener, SF0034, rescued current amplitudes. Our findings show that these two Helix A variants suppress channel current density strongly, consistent with their severe heterozygous phenotypes, implicate impairment of CaM and PIP2 regulation in KCNQ2 encephalopathy pathogenesis, and highlight the potential usefulness of selective Kv7 openers for this distinctive pathogenic mechanism and patient subgroup.
Characteristics and Specialist Linkage to Care of Patients Diagnosed With Chronic Hepatitis C Across Different Settings in an Urban Academic Hospital: Implications for Improving Diagnosis and Linkage to Care

Introduction Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health problem. Strategies to identify more HCV infections and improve linkage to care (LTC) are needed. We compared characteristics, treatment and LTC among chronic HCV patients in different health care settings. Methods Newly diagnosed HCV antibody positive (anti-HCV+) patients within settings of acute care, inpatient and outpatient in one health system were studied. Proportion of LTC and treatment were analyzed only for HCV RNA positive patients. Chi-square, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to compare the characteristics and outcomes in the three care settings. Patients in acute care settings were excluded from multivariate analyses due to low sample size. Results About 43, 368, and 1159 anti-HCV+ individuals were identified in acute care, inpatient, and outpatient, respectively. Proportion of RNA positivity in acute, inpatient, and outpatient were 47.8, 60.3 and 29.2%, respectively (p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, insurance type, race, and gender, outpatients had higher odds of LTC and of treatment (OR 4.7 [2.9, 7.6] and 4.5 [2.8, 7.3]). Conclusions Inpatients had lower proportion of LTC and treatment compared to outpatients. Use of LTC coordinators and the provision of integrated service for specialty care may improve outcomes.
A Low-Power Elliptic Curve Pairing Crypto-Processor for Secure Embedded Blockchain and Functional Encryption

Pairing-based cryptography (PBC), a variant of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), uses bilinear maps between elliptic curves and finite fields to enable several novel applications beyond traditional key exchange and signatures [1]. Fig. 1 shows two such applications – (a) signature aggregation, where arbitrarily large number of signatures are aggregated into one to resolve communication bottleneck in mesh networks such as blockchain [9], and (b) functional encryption, which allows computation on encrypted data with a function embedded in the decryption key [7]. In particular, pairing-based function-hiding inner product functional encryption [10] can be used for privacy-preserving data classification, thus enabling a new paradigm in the field of secure computation.
554-P: Diabetes Distress in Young Adults with Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: TODAY Study Results

Aims: Diabetes distress (DD) is associated with poor health outcomes. Little is known about level of DD in young adults (YAs) with youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) or individual factors associated with DD. Aims were to assess level of DD, and factors associated with high DD, in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY2) cohort. Methods: YAs completed the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms) and GAD7 (anxiety), at the end-of-study visit. Factors that may relate to DD were demographics (sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, income), medical history (HbA1c, BMI, complications), and social/economic factors (# persons in household, parent status, healthcare coverage, access to diabetes care provider). Univariate logistic regressions found factors associated with high DD. Multivariate regression controlled for sex, HbA1c, healthcare coverage, anxiety, depressive symptoms and retinopathy. Results: Of 457 YAs, mean age=26.7 yrs, 65% were female, 20% non-Hispanic white, 38% non-Hispanic Black, 20% Hispanic, 62% Conclusion: In young adults with youth-onset T2D, high DD was significantly more likely in females, and those with anxiety, high HbA1c, and without healthcare coverage. Disclosure P. M. Trief: None. M. S. Rayas: Research Support; Self; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. R. S. Weinstock: Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Medtronic, Tolerion, Inc. D. Uschner: None. M. Tung: None. L. Chao: None. R. M. Farrell: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Tandem Diabetes Care. J. Keady: None. S. A. Macleish: Advisory Panel; Self; Insulet Corporation. M. D. Marcus: Advisory Panel; Self; Weight Watchers International, Inc. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK61212, U01DK61230, U01DK61239, U01DK61242, U01DK61254)
Refugees/Displaced people in the workplace

According to the United Nations Refugee Agency there were 80 million forcibly displaced individuals worldwide as of the middle of the year 2020. Sharon L. Segrest ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-8565 Ph.D. in Management from Florida State University;Master of Business Administration from Meredith College;Bachelor of Science in Marketing from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Professor of Management in the Muma College of Business at the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL - USA;She was elected to serve on the board of directors of the Southern Management Association;She serves on the board of ReBootKamp, an immersive code bootcamp which helps train refugees and others in Jordan, Palestine, and Tunisia. Cristina M. Giannantonio ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-1892 Ph.D. in Human Resource Management from the University of Maryland;Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland;Bachelor of Science in Personnel and Labor Relations from the University of Maryland;Professor of Human Resource Management in the George L. Argyros School of Business and Economics at Chapman University, Orange, CA - USA;She is the co-author of Autism in the Workplace Creating Positive Outcomes for Generation A published in 2020 as part of the Palgrave Explorations in Workplace Stigma series;She is the series editor of Emerald Studies in Workplace Neurodiversity.
Hypersonic transition over a heated wall

We investigate the transition in Mach 6 boundary layers over a heated wall by magenta using the Mach 6 wind tunnel at Peking University and using visualization, focused laser differential interferometry, infrared imaging, and numerical simulation. The model's wall-temperature ratio Tw/T0 (where Tw and T0 are the wall and total temperature, respectively) can be controlled to vary from 0.66 to 1.77. The results show that increasing Tw/T0 initially delays but then promotes the transition to turbulence with the reversal point near Tw/T0≈1. In contrast with the cooled-wall condition ( Tw/T0 1). Ultrafast visualization and Lagrangian tracking indicate that wave packets play a dominant role in producing turbulence, which is similar to the soliton-like coherent structure detected in low-speed boundary layers.
Workplace Privacy and Monitoring: The Quest for Balanced Interests

This article describes some of the difficulties for employers and employees resulting from advancing technology. It briefly describes some of the technology available to employers with which to monitor employees. The article then provides an overview of the primary sources of law governing employer monitoring and employee privacy, such as the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, state statutes providing for notice of monitoring or protection of the integrity of personnel records or lawful off-duty activity, the tort of invasion on seclusion, and the Fourth Amendment. The article concludes by offering suggestions for attorneys who represent employers, employees, or unions and are interested in addressing these issues. Attorneys and their clients can advocate for federal or state legislation, address these issues in collective bargaining or through private policies, or become involved in educational efforts.
Determination of Microdomain Size in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Binary Mixtures by IR Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Quantitative determination of individual microdomain sizes Langmuir-Blodgett films of fatty acid binary mixtures has been accomplished by using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and the visualization of these domain structures has been accomplished by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Ordered bilayers of binary mixtures of long-chain fatty acids were transferred onto Ge attenuated total reflectance IR elements and examined by ATR-IR spectroscopy. Samples were composed of C18, C20 and C24 fatty acids mixed together with a (deuterated C18) fatty acid in various mole fractions. Analysis of the crystal-field splitting in the CH2 and CD2 scissoring vibrations allowed us to calculate the number of hydrocarbon chains in each domain. In addition, we have used AFM to demonstrate lateral phase segregation in these same binary fatty acid mixtures on both the macroscale and at molecular level. A mixture of rectangular and hexagonal packing was observed that directly correlated with the hydrocarbon organization predicted by the IR results. These results are the first reports of the use of IR spectroscopy and AFM imaging to identify microdomain phase segregation in these two-dimensional, ultrathin films of binary alkane mixtures.
Truncated backpropagation through time and Kalman filter training for neurocontrol

We have recently established the feasibility of training recurrent neural networks by parameter-based decoupled extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithms for control of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this paper we investigate the use of truncated backpropagation through time (BPTT) for approximating the required dynamic derivatives that are used by the DEKF training algorithm. The use of this approximation allows the gradient calculations and weight updates by the DEKF algorithm to be performed asynchronously with application of control signals, thereby leading to a scalable, real-time, online training algorithm. We demonstrate in simulation the effectiveness of the BPTT-based DEKF algorithm for the problem of automotive engine idle speed control. >
Towards an efficient verification approach on network configuration

This paper presents our new design and implementation of a configuration verification system called ConfVS. With the increasing complexity of network configuration, verifying network behavior has become a highly time-consuming and error-prone process. Much research effort has been made to tackle this challenge. In this paper, we propose a formalization scheme based on binary decision diagram to model the entire network behavior specified by diverse configuration requirements (e.g., security policies, routing policies, and address translation rules), and design a set of algorithms to efficiently verify the compliance of network behavior to the requirements. Our experiments show that ConfVS can validate thousands of network devices configured by millions rules with ten times improved efficiency when compared to several well-known existing solutions.
What makes us human: revisiting an age-old question in the genomic era

In 1970, Karl Pribram took on the immense challenge of asking the question, what makes us human? Nearly four decades later, the most significant finding has been the undeniable realization of how incredibly subtle and fine-scaled the unique biological features of our species must be. The recent explosion in the availability of large-scale sequence data, however, and the consequent emergence of comparative genomics, are rapidly transforming the study of human evolution. The field of comparative genomics is allowing us to reach unparalleled resolution, reframing our questions in reference to DNA sequence – the very unit that evolution operates on. But like any reductionist approach, it comes at a price. Comparative genomics may provide the necessary resolution for identifying rare DNA sequence differences in a vast sea of conservation, but ultimately we will have to face the challenge of figuring out how DNA sequence divergence translates into phenotypic divergence. Our goal here is to provide a brief outline of the major findings made in the study of human brain evolution since the Pribram lecture, focusing specifically on the field of comparative genomics. We then discuss the broader implications of these findings and the future challenges that are in store.
Data Mining and Data Warehousing in the Airline Industry

Organizations are constantly looking to enhance their decision-making activities in order to improve business processes and build a competitive advantage. Each day they collect and store large amounts of data that may be analyzed to reduce costs, increase revenues, improve efficiencies, and predict future trends and customer behaviors. Data mining, which is the automated extraction of predictive information from large databases, helps connect large volumes of this heterogeneous data and allows organizations to analyze it from multiple perspectives. Designed for query and analysis rather than transaction processing, a data warehouse is a relational database that centralizes data coming from multiple sources. It translates information into common models, names, and definitions while also providing a mean to make information available for decision making. Although data mining and data warehousing are powerful tools for organizations they can present several challenges. The airline industry collects and stores large amount of heterogeneous data from a wide variety of sources. Studying the successes and failures of this industry to conduct data mining and data warehousing activities as airlines struggle in an increasingly competitive environment can be beneficial to other economic sectors as well.
Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system

[1] Parameter estimation is a powerful way to calibrate models. While head data alone are often insufficient to estimate unique parameters due to model nonuniqueness, flow-and-heat-transport modeling can constrain estimation and allow simultaneous estimation of boundary fluxes and hydraulic conductivity. In this work, synthetic and field models that did not converge when head data were used did converge when head and temperature were used. Furthermore, frequency domain analyses of head and temperature data allowed selection of appropriate modeling timescales. Inflows in the Wilton, Wisconsin, wetlands could be estimated over periods such as a growing season and over periods of a few days when heads were nearly steady and groundwater temperature varied during the day. While this methodology is computationally more demanding than traditional head calibration, the results gained are unobtainable using the traditional approach. These results suggest that temperature can efficiently supplement head data in systems where accurate flux calibration targets are unavailable.
Untriggered Multichannel Oil Switching

Experiments on a fast risetime, self-breakdown, multichannel oil switch have given an average switch risetime (10–90%) of 5.7 nsec and an average of 12 arc channels per pulse. The apparatus consisted of a 140 kJ Marx generator which charged an intermediate energy store, an SF6 switch and a series inductor. The inductor was varied to change the rate of voltage rise on the Blumlein and knife edge switch. Data are presented on the simultaneity of breakdown of two switches, the dependence of switch risetime and number of arc channels on dV/dt, and on comparisons with empirical oil breakdown formulae.
Perceptions about professionally and non-professionally trained hypoglycemia detection dogs

Aims Patients with diabetes increasingly have questions about diabetes alert dogs. This study evaluated perceptions about dogs trained professionally or otherwise to detect glucose levels.
Development of conceptual frameworks for intelligent management of supply and demand in the labor market of information technology specialists

A comprehensive analysis of the labor market of IT specialists was performed, and conceptual frameworks of intelligent management of the latter were proposed. The concept of «intelligent management of supply and demand in the labor market of IT specialists», which lies in making the best management decisions on minimizing the imbalance between the supply and demand of IT specialists was introduced. The preconditions that underlie the research methodology of the labor market of IT specialists were determined, and the urgency of a systematic approach to individual labor market segments was substantiated. The basic structural components of a conceptual model of the intelligent management of matching supply and demand of IT specialists, determined by the demand for IT personnel through requirements for IT specialized vacancies, supply of IT specialists with a personalized intellectual capital, mechanisms and tools to assess the consistency degree of supply and demand vectors and support for the development processes of control actions for matching supply and demand of IT specialists in the labor market were highlighted. The composition was determined, and generalized model of the intelligent management system of the IT labor market was proposed, a general problem formulation of matching supply and demand of IT specialists was given. The classification of the indicators, features and factors that characterize the supply and demand of IT specialists, based on the author's interpretation of the intelligent human resource management in the IT sector, the specifics of the IT industry, task context and invariant for specialists with various training profiles was carried out. The information model of the dynamics of the aggregate supply in the market of IT specialists, reflecting the inflows and outflows, was proposed. The transactional model of the intelligent management system of the labor market, allowing to describe the interaction of demand and supply vectors of IT specialists in a given time interval and sources of resource flows was designed.
Anatomic ACL reconstruction: The final answer?

this procedure, it was evident that the patellar tendon graft if left attached to the tibia was too short to allow it to be placed in its anatomic insertion on the femur. A review of Scapinelli’s study of the knee vascular revealed that there was no contribution of blood supply to the patellar tendon from its tibial insertion thus one could osteotimize that portion of the tibial tubercle with the patellar tendon graft producing a bone–patellar tendon–bone-free graft which would allow the graft to be placed anatomically both on the tibia and the lateral femoral condyle [27]. We also noted that for anatomic tunnels, eccentric K-wire placement on both the tibia and femur was necessary to compensate for the oval entrance tunnels created by drilling at an angle [5]. Our mechanical testing, histology and revascular studies in Rhesus monkeys and dogs revealed that the patellar tendon grafts were completely revascularized at 8 weeks mainly by the endosteal vessels in the tunnels, that the grafts histologically at 1 year presented as normal ligamentous tissue and that the grafts regenerated over 80 % of their initial strength [4]. Amiel and others further documented the process of biochemical metamorphosis of the tendon graft to that of a ligament which they termed “ligamentization” [1, 20]. Our clinical 2–8-year follow-up study in humans for both acute and chronic ACL reconstructions revealed an over ninety percent good to excellent overall results [5, 6]. Our criteria were that the highest overall score was that of the lowest score in any category of subjective, objective and functional evaluation. This concept was then adopted by the IKDC committee. From the late 1970s to the late 1980s, the vast majority of the orthopedists in the world adopted this procedure. However, as my former history professor had taught me, “History is nothing more than taking two steps forward and then one step backwards”. In the 1990s, over fifty percent of orthopedists in the USA started performing the In the dark ages of knee instability, (1950–1970s), the majority of orthopedists thought that these were due to either medial or lateral rotatory instability and not due to injury to the anterior cruciate ligament injury and numerous procedures were developed to stabilize the knee. O’Donoghue [23], however, believed that the real culprit was a torn anterior cruciate ligament. Feagin and similarly Marshall later also came to the same conclusion and advocated direct repair of the ACL in acute cases [10, 19]. Our experience at the Naval Academy (1972–1974) with these various chronic reconstructive procedures as well as primary repair yielded very poor results. In 1975, Eriksson [9] presented the Ivar Palmar procedure for ACL reconstruction at the AAOS Winter Injury Course in Aspen, Colorado. After this presentation, it was my belief that this procedure could be far more successful than what was presently being performed. After performing
Elastic-plastic composites at finite strains

Abstract For elastic-plastic composites at finite strains and rotations. Hill’s self-consistent method is used to estimate the overall instantaneous elastic-plastic moduli. Results are applied to a porous metal whose matrix constitutive relations are characterized by a generalized J 2 plasticity model. As an illustration, uniaxial deformation of a porous elastic-plastic solid is considered, and conditions under which the overall uniform deformation becomes unstable by localized deformations, are examined.
Adenoviral transduction of enterocytes and M-cells using in vitro models based on Caco-2 cells: the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates both apical and basolateral transduction.

Understanding virus-cell interaction is a key to the design of successful gene delivery vectors. In the present study we investigated Ad5 transduction of enterocytes and M-cells utilizing differentiated Caco-2 cells and co-cultures of Caco-2 cells with lymphocytes. Transduction inhibition studies showed that CAR is the major receptor mediating apical and basolateral virus entry in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Integrins and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans do not appear to play a significant role. Immunofluorescence localized CAR to sites of cell-cell contact, with staining mostly observed on the cell perimeter. Staining was observed even in non-permeabilized monolayers, suggesting apical accessibility of the receptor. Co-cultures with mouse Peyer's patch lymphocytes or Raji B human lymphocytes were more susceptible to transduction than Caco-2 cells and the effects were dose-dependent. Similar to Caco-2 cells, CAR and not integrins mediated apical transduction. In conclusion, contrary to other epithelial cell lines, both apical and basolateral transduction of absorptive enterocytes and M-cells is mediated by binding to CAR. The co-culture system can be used to study the interactions between M-cells and gene delivery vectors.
Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents on off-service rotations: Surgery, part 1

This is the 34th article in a continuing series of objectives to direct emergency medicine resident experiences on off-service rotations. Abdominal and gastrointestinal complaints are common problems in the emergency department and often lead to consultation with a surgeon. Because an understanding of the principles of surgical diagnosis and treatment is an essential component of the practice of emergency medicine, residents rotating on surgical services require specific goals and objectives to emphasize early patient assessment, identification of the possible need for surgery, and a basic understanding of definitive management.
Appropriate summary KR for learning timing tasks under conditions of high and low contextual interference

Recall and retrieval processes of timing tasks were investigated in a multitask learning experiment using blocked (BL) and random (RA) practice schedules (Battig 1979). The extent to which summary knowledge of results (KR) interacts with order of presentation of practice tasks was the primary topic under investigation. It has been suggested that summary KR may enhance processing of task-relevant information (Schmidt 1991). The processing benefits of summary KR however may be dependent on the presentation order of practice tasks. Seventy-two females responded to the apparent motion of illuminated lights set at three speeds of 224, 313, and 492 cm/s during 90 acquisition, 30 no-KR retention and 20 transfer trials. Subjects' tasks was to push a ball hinged to a lever to coincide with the arrival of a light at a predetermined intercept point. Retrospective verbal reports were obtained immediately following transfer to ascertain the nature of subjects' processing activities. Error data were analyzed on four dependent variables. The most important finding was that longer summary KR lengths for RA subjects (KR10) were beneficial in acquisition and transfer. In contrast, BL subjects were more consistent in transfer if they received KR after each practice trial. A similar trend (p = 0.15) in retention was found in that BL subjects were more consistent as compared to RA, when they learned the tasks with 100% KR. Given the differential results of summary KR for BL and RA, the importance of considering the order of task presentation when investigating summary KR was supported.
Calculations of two-dimensional electric field and potential distributions around electrodes in conducting media.

Tumor cells can be killed by heating to 42.5°C. It is convenient to localize heating by passing electric current at 500 kHz through tissue between a pair of electrodes. It is desirable to determine, for a given electrode–tissue configuration, what the resulting field and, therefore, current distribution will be. A computer program FFEARS was used to calculate electric field and potential distributions in two dimensions for three simple cases.
An Exploratory Study of Subordinates' Perceptions of Supervisory Politics.

This study was designed to explore the relationships between subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' involvement in organizational politics and subordinates' perceptions of supervisory work facilitation, satisfaction with supervision, and openness in superior‐subordinate communication. Results suggest that subordinates who perceive their supervisors as highly involved in politics are less open in communication and less satisfied with their supervisors than subordinates who perceive their supervisors as moderately or minimally involved in politics.
V -Type Center Resonance of Neutron-Irradiated LiF at Room Temperature

A $V$-type center similar to one described by K\"anzig and co-workers has been found in LiF single crystals neutron-irradiated at room temperature. Analysis of the $s$ and $p$ admixture in the electron wave function, using the Hamiltonian of Woodruff and K\"anzig, is made from the angular dependence of the electron-spin resonance spectrum.
Physical activity and brain plasticity in late adulthood: a conceptual and comprehensive review

A growing body of evidence from neuroscience, epidemiology, and kinesiology suggests that physical activity is effective as both a prevention and treatment for cognitive problems throughout the lifespan. Given the expected increase in the proportion of older adults in most countries over the next 40 years, physical activity could be a low-cost and relatively accessible method for maintaining cognitive function throughout later life. Despite the emerging recognition of physical activity as a powerful method to enhance brain health, there is continued confusion from both the public and scientific communities about what the extant research has discovered about the potential for physical activity to improve neurocognitive health and which questions remain unanswered. In this review, we outline four overarching themes that provide a conceptual structure for understanding the questions that have been asked and have been addressed, as well as those that have yet to be answered. These themes are descriptive, mechanistic, applied, and moderating questions. We conclude from our review that descriptive questions have been the first and most thoroughly studied, but we have much yet to learn about the underlying mechanisms, application, and moderating factors that explain how and to what extent physical activity improves brain health.
Media Use, Gender, and African American College Attendance: The Cosby Effect

African American youth spend more time with media than other groups, thereby enhancing media contributions to their values and behavior. Most research focuses on negative effects of media consumption on Black viewers through racial stereotyping. We examined pro-social effects of Black media content positively depicting black colleges (HBCUs) on Black students' college choice. Through an empirical survey of 265 HBCU students we tested relationships between viewing Black media content and needs associated with college choice, demographics, and reliance on social networks.Stepwise regressions showed The Cosby Show and A Different World made significant contributions to females' HBCU choices. Feature films made significant contributions to males' choices. In college choice, males were more social network reliant, females were more media reliant. Results show need to consider pro social effects in media and race research, and examine impact of gender and digital viewing on media contributions to youths' values...
Matrix crack initiation in ceramic matrix composites Part II: Models and simulation results

Abstract In Part I of this work, matrix cracking in unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites was studied experimentally in the Nicalon/LAS, carbon/borosilicate and SiC/borosilicate systems. The objective was to study the inter-relationships between the matrix cracking mechanisms and influencing factors in the composite microstructure. In order to control some of the factors, the SiC/borosilicate system was processed in-house with the fiber content being made to vary from 0 to 50 vol%. Three-point-bend tests were conducted to induce matrix cracking. Several examination techniques were used to discern the details of the cracking processes at the microstructural scale, including tests conducted inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope. The experiment provided a considerable amount of matrix cracking data and confirmed that matrix cracking initiates in the matrix between fibers, which may or may not lead to the formation of the so-called fiber-bridged matrix cracks. The present paper is a continuation of Part I. Here, however, the matrix cracking problem is addressed from the modeling point of view. First, an in-depth review of the current matrix cracking models is given, with the emphasis being placed on the fundamental assumptions made in the cracking mechanisms, the microstructure, the cracking criteria and the key factors involved in the model formulation. Special attention is paid to the disposition of and the roles played by the fiber-matrix interface conditions. These current models are then applied to predict the matrix cracking initiation stresses in the composites tested in Part I. A comparison is made between the predicted and the experimental results.
Molecular characterization of three rabbit rotavirus strains

We report biochemical (RNA and protein patterns and gene-coding assignments) and serologic (serotype and subgroup) properties of three strains of rabbit rotaviruses--Ala C11 and R2. The RNA electropherotypes were a standard "short" pattern for R2, an unusual "short" pattern for Ala, and an unusual "long" pattern for C11. Serologic studies indicated that these viruses were all group A serotype 3 rotaviruses. In addition, the Ala and C11 viruses were found to possess subgroup I specificity, whereas the R2 virus possessed subgroup II specificity. In contrast to their distinctive RNA patterns, the polypeptide patterns of the rabbit viruses were similar to those of SA11. To identify cognate genes and determine gene-coding assignments for the rabbit rotaviruses, cDNA probes of individual SA11 genes were hybridized to rabbit rotaviral genomic RNA segments that had been separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to filters (Northern blots). The order of genome segments 7-11 for each of the rabbit rotaviruses was unique and differed from that of SA11 genes. These differences were possibly due to rearrangements of the RNA sequences within these individual genome segments. Sequence analysis of the individual RNA segments will confirm whether genome rearrangements are the molecular basis for these novel migration patterns.
Intraocular pressure following pancuronium

Intraocular pressure measurements were made in a test group of eight patients before and after the administration of pancuronium and tracheal intubation. Pressures were compared with those of a control group of six patients before and after the administration of succinylcholine, pretreated with d-tubocurarine, and followed by tracheal intubation.
Isolation of Trophoblast Basement Membrane from Full-Term Human Placenta

SummaryTerminal chorionic villi (CVI) were prepared from the rami chorii of the middle zone of the placenta, and were purified by forcing them through an 80-mesh followed by washing through a 325-mesh wire cloth. Trophoblast basement membrane (TBM) was obtained from CVI pellets by sonication in 1 M saline followed by extraction with 0.3 M acetic acid, and treatment with deoxyribo- and ribonuclease. The final preparation, on electron microscopy, was free of connective tissue contaminants and of plasma membranes.
High-frequency admittance of high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs)

Abstract By solving the wave equation of the high-electron-mobility-transistor by an approximation method, the input admittance Ygs = ggs + jωCgs of the device is evaluated. The input conductance ggs plays a role in the calculation of the minimum noise figure of the device at high frequencies.
The Revelation of Organizational Trauma

This article describes a process by which organizations and their units may experience trauma, which is revealed through dysfunctional patterns of individual, group, inter-group, and organizational behavior. I illustrate this process in the context of an action research project with a hospital’s surgical unit whose presenting symptoms involved the inability of staff members to work together effectively. The article concludes with a discussion of principles of movement that enable group and organization members to create patterns that get them unstuck in how they work and function.
Electromagnetic properties of the baryon decuplet in quenched and partially quenched chiral perturbation theory

We calculate the electromagnetic properties of the decuplet baryons in quenched and partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. We work at next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion, leading order in the heavy baryon expansion, and obtain expressions for the magnetic moments, charge radii, and electric quadrupole moments. The quenched calculation is shown to be pathological since only quenched chiral singularities are present at this order. We present the partially quenched results for both the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ and $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ flavor groups and use the isospin limit in the latter. These results are necessary for proper extrapolation of lattice calculations of decuplet electromagnetic properties.
The complex facts of taste

There is both empirical evidence that supports, and does not support, the four basic tastes, as well as the labeled-line and across-fiber pattern theories. All of these concepts have proven useful to researchers investigating taste coding, and should be appreciated for their heuristic value. Dismissal of any of them is neither supported by evidence nor productive.
Nucleation and growth of the superconducting phase in the presence of a current

We study the localized stationary solutions of the one-dimensional time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations in the presence of a current. These threshold perturbations separate undercritical perturbations which return to the normal phase from overcritical perturbations which lead to the superconducting phase. Careful numerical work in the small-current limit shows that the amplitude of these solutions is exponentially small in the current; we provide an approximate analysis which captures this behavior. As the current is increased toward the stall current ${J}^{*}$, the width of these solutions diverges, resulting in widely separated normal-superconducting interfaces. We map out numerically the dependence of ${J}^{*}$ on $u$ (a parameter characterizing the material) and use asymptotic analysis to derive the behaviors for large $u$ ${(J}^{*}\ensuremath{\sim}{u}^{\ensuremath{-}1/4})$ and small $u$ $(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{J}{J}_{c},$ the critical depairing current), which agree with the numerical work in these regimes. For currents other than ${J}^{*}$ the interface moves, and in this case we study the interface velocity as a function of $u$ and $J$. We find that the velocities are bounded both as $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{J}0$ and as $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{J}{J}_{c},$ contrary to previous claims.
Photoluminescence studies of exciton-ionized donor complexes in high pusity epitaxial GaAs

Abstract We report the first observation of three radiative transitions associated with excitons bound to three different residual ionized donors in high purity undoped vapor phase epitaxial (VPE) GaAs at liquid helium temperature. The values of the localization energies ( E l ) of excitons bounds to these ionized donors were measured. We also determine simultaneously, the ionization energies of these donors using excited state transitions of exciton-neutral donor complexes as reported earlier. The variation of the localization energy ( E l ) as a function of the donor binding energy ( E D ) is plotted and a linear dependence described by E l = − 2.22 + 0.72 E D is observed.
The Transformational Model of Linguistics and Its Implications for an Ethnology of Religion: A Case Study of Jainism

The transformational model of linguistics has proven illuminating in understanding certain aspects of language. With the hope that a comparable model of analysis for other cultural systems may also prove useful, I discuss in this paper a theoretical model for an ethnology of religion that is analogous to the transformational model of linguistics in its assumptions, goals, and structure. Such a theoretical model is applied to analyze a part of Jainism. [India, religion, Jainism, ethnoscience, transformational theory]
OULIPO VS Recombinant Poetics

This paper compares and contrasts approaches to combinatorics in OULIPO and Recombinant Poetics. OULIPO, also known as Ouvroir de Literature Potentielle, is a literary and artistic association founded in the 1960s whose combinatoric methods and experimental concepts continue to be generative and relevant to this day. Recombinant Poetics is a term that I coined in 1995 in order to define a particular approach to emergent meaning that is used in generative virtual environments and other computer-based combinatoric media forms. Combinatoric works enable the exploration of sets of media elements in different orders and combinations. The meaning of such work is derived through dynamic interaction. Another group exploring combinatorics uses digital audio techniques. The abbreviation “VS” (“versus”) is often used in techno-audio remix culture to designate the remix of one group's music by another, often having only an oblique relation to the original.
MAKEOVER TV: SELFHOOD, CITIZENSHIP, AND CELEBRITY By Brenda R. Weber. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2009. 344 pp. $23.95 paper/$84.95 cloth. TV TRANSFORMATIONS: REVEALING THE MAKEOVER SHOW Ed. Tania Lewis. New York: Routledge, 2009. 166 pp. $125.00 hardback.

Little more than a decade ago it would have been surprising to think that the television programming trend of “reality” shows could persist ten years hence as a significant—indeed dominant—TV genre...
Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Adults

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a hematologic disorder characterized by the destruction of antibody-coated platelets in the reticuloendothelial system. Whereas 70% to 80% of children experience the acute form of the disease and recover within a few weeks or months after diagnosis, most adults have persistent disease and will require therapy. Principles of management are largely predicated on the extent of thrombocytopenia and symptoms of disease. Minimizing the toxicity associated with treatment while achieving hemostatic platelet counts are essential goals of treatment. Although there are numerous therapeutic options, neither consensus among experts nor clear algorithms to treat this complex disease exist. This article will review appropriate treatment options available for adult patients with ITP prior to splenectomy, at splenectomy, and following splenectomy. In addition to conventional agents such as corticosteroids and intravenous immune globulin (IVIg), the role of newer therapies with diverse mechanisms of action, such as rituximab, anti-D, and thrombopoietin (TPO)-like agents, will be highlighted. When used as either monotherapy or in combination with conventional therapeutics, these treatments may offer a more tolerable side effect profile and improved clinical benefit compared to existing drugs.