cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simulation test of the effectiveness of several methods for error-checking non-invasive genetic data

Non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) is becoming a popular tool for population estimation. However, multiple NGS studies have demonstrated that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping errors can bias demographic estimates. These errors can be detected by comprehensive data filters such as the multiple-tubes approach, but this approach is expensive and time consuming as it requires three to eight PCR replicates per locus. Thus, researchers have attempted to correct PCR errors in NGS datasets using non-comprehensive error checking methods, but these approaches have not been evaluated for reliability. We simulated NGS studies with and without PCR error and ‘filtered’ datasets using non-comprehensive approaches derived from published studies and calculated mark–recapture estimates using CAPTURE. In the absence of data-filtering, simulated error resulted in serious inflations in CAPTURE estimates; some estimates exceeded N by[ges ]200%. When data filters were used, CAPTURE estimate reliability varied with per-locus error (Eμ). At Eμ=0.01, CAPTURE estimates from filtered data displayed <5% deviance from error-free estimates. When Eμ was 0.05 or 0.09, some CAPTURE estimates from filtered data displayed biases in excess of 10%. Biases were positive at high sampling intensities; negative biases were observed at low sampling intensities. We caution researchers against using non-comprehensive data filters in NGS studies, unless they can achieve baseline per-locus error rates below 0.05 and, ideally, near 0.01. However, we suggest that data filters can be combined with careful technique and thoughtful NGS study design to yield accurate demographic information.
Packet-dispersion techniques and a capacity-estimation methodology

The packet-pair technique aims to estimate the capacity of a path (bottleneck bandwidth) from the dispersion of two equal-sized probing packets sent back to back. It has been also argued that the dispersion of longer packet bursts (packet trains) can estimate the available bandwidth of a path. This paper examines such packet-pair and packet-train dispersion techniques in depth. We first demonstrate that, in general, packet-pair bandwidth measurements follow a multimodal distribution and explain the causes of multiple local modes. The path capacity is a local mode, often different than the global mode of this distribution. We illustrate the effects of network load, cross-traffic packet-size variability, and probing packet size on the bandwidth distribution of packet pairs. We then switch to the dispersion of long packet trains. The mean of the packet-train dispersion distribution corresponds to a bandwidth metric that we refer to as average dispersion rate (ADR). We show that the ADR is a lower bound of the capacity and an upper bound of the available bandwidth of a path. Putting all of the pieces together, we present a capacity-estimation methodology that has been implemented in a tool called pathrate. We report on our experiences with pathrate after having measured hundreds of Internet paths over the last three years.
The stability of coping strategies in older adults with osteoarthritis and the ability of these strategies to predict changes in depression, disability, and pain.

Objectives: Given the chronically painful, incurable nature of osteoarthritis, effective cognitive and behavioral coping strategies may be critical for older adults with the disease. Little is known about how and why coping changes over time, nor about stability of coping strategies in persons with osteoarthritis. The aims of this work were to examine the structure of coping in older adults with osteoarthritis, the association of coping strategies with well-being, the stability of coping over time, and its association with changes in well-being over the same period.Method: In a cross-sectional study, 199 older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee were assessed at baseline and two-years’ follow-up. Items from two coping scales were factor analyzed, and Pearson's correlations and paired-samples t-tests assessed relative and absolute stability of the resultant coping strategies. CFA assessed the stability of the factor structure itself. Ordinary least-squares regression analyses examined the impact of chan...
Restricted subset selection procedures for simulation

This paper develops two procedures for screening a set of normal populations with unknown moments in order that the final subset of selected populations satisfies the following requirements involving the user specified parameters P*, δ, and m: With probability at least P*, the selected subset will contain a population whose mean lies less than the distance δ from the largest mean. Although the size of the selected subset is random, at most m populations will finally be chosen, where m is usually taken small enough to reserve adequate resources for a more intensive follow-up study. The exact procedure VE is a two-stage random sampling scheme that is designed to compare transient or steady-state simulation models based on independent replications of each model. The heuristic procedure VS is a modification of VE that is designed to compare steady-state simulation models based on a single prolonged run of each model. A complete justification is given for VE together with tables of the constants required by bo...
Can I Get a Witness? Thoughts on Witnessing Executions

What should witnesses to executions see if they are to bear witness to the death penalty? At what point has a witness seen an execution in full, and by that seeing, held officials accountable for a punishment carried out in the name of the larger society? We identify the key elements of an execution and discuss ways to provide execution witnesses with a reasonably full appreciation of this profound exercise in state power.
A new graph approach to minimizing processor fragmentation in hypercube multiprocessors

The authors propose a new approach for subcube and noncubic processor allocations for hypercube multiprocessors. The main idea is to represent available processors in the system by means of a prime cube graph (PC-graph). The PC-graph maintains the inter-relationships between free subcubes and hence reduces both internal and external processor fragmentations. Their simulation results show that the PC-graph approach outperforms the existing allocation strategies by 25% to 50% under certain load conditions. >
Protein acylation in the inhibition of insulin secretion by norepinephrine, somatostatin, galanin, and PGE2.

The major physiological inhibitors of insulin secretion, norepinephrine, somatostatin, galanin, and prostaglandin E2, act via specific receptors that activate pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G prot...
Die σ2π4‐Dreifachbindung zwischen Molybdän‐ und Wolframatomen ‐ eine anorganische funktionelle Gruppe

In den vergangenen Jahren sind immer mehr Analogien zwischen der Organischen und der Anorganischen Chemie aufgedeckt worden. Als prominentestes Beispiel sei die Isolobal-Beziehung genannt. Viele Reaktionen belegen, das Metall-Metall-Doppel- und -Dreifachbindungen ein Reaktivitatsmuster zeigen, das an das von Alkenen bzw. Alkinen erinnert. Bei Verbindungen mit einer σ2π4-Dreifachbindung zwischen Molybdan- und Wolframatomen kann die M-M-Bindungsordnung durch reduktive Eliminierungen und oxidative Additionen von drei auf vier erhoht bzw. von drei auf zwei und eins erniedrigt werden. Komplexe mit MM-Bindungen konnen auch zum Aufbau von Clustern dienen oder als Katalysatoren verwendet werden. Dieser Fortschrittsbericht deckt Zusammenhange zwischen Struktur - elektronischer wie sterischer - und Reaktivitat in einer Weise auf, wie sie fur die moderne Anorganische Chemie charakteristisch ist.
Meeting the Critical Need for Trauma Education in Social Work: A Problem-Based Learning Approach

There is a growing imperative to prepare MSW social work students for trauma-informed evidence-based practice. Given strong recommendations and promising developments within social work education and practice in this regard, a clinical elective for the advanced-year MSW student that combines the guiding principles of trauma theory and problem-based learning was created. This article describes the course objectives, structure, and format and reports on an evaluation based on 7 (total) offerings of the course by 4 different schools of social work. The course methodology was found to be effective in all schools in significantly increasing students’ self-confidence in working with traumatized children, adolescents, and their families. Implications for social work education are discussed.
Las fallas en la Ingeniería de Requisitos

Recientemente, la Ingenieria de Requisitos ha cobrado una importancia cada vez mayor en la academia y en la industria, debido a que se espera que los productos software de este siglo proporcionen funciones cada vez mas centradas en el usuario y de mayor calidad y seguridad. Por lo tanto, es importante comprender las situaciones en las que la practica actual de la Ingenieria de Requisitos –IR– no funciona adecuadamente. Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigacion acerca de las practicas de IR. Se realizo a traves de encuesta web y se focalizo en las tecnicas de elicitacion de requisitos y en las tecnicas de representacion de requisitos que los encuestados utilizan. A pesar de que los resultados son el reporte acerca del estado del arte de la Ingenieria de Requisitos para la poblacion que respondio la encuesta, es probable que tambien refleje el estado del arte de la IR en todo el mundo.
Theoretical Baseflow Curves

Baseflow curves are obtained by solving a nonlinear partial differential equation of groundwater flow for different boundary conditions. A theoretical basis is provided for differentiating between these curves for shallow and deep aquifers. Various linearized solutions and their limitations and errors are elucidated. Mathematical expressions are derived for the effects of evapotranspiration and leakage loss in substantially reducing the baseflow and rendering the stream influent or dry. Upward leakage from an underlying artesian aquifer casuses the baseflow to be more sustained and reduces its recession rate. Aquifer recharge of duration T , simulated by a sine function, leads to a baseflow hydrograph which peaks at 0.75 T and becomes parallel to the no-recharge curve after about 1.5 T .
A Cultural History of People with Disabilities

When student affairs professionals talk about diversity or culture, we tend to think about people of color, the Queer community, socioeconomic class, religion, or region. Student affairs professionals, however, are often not consciously aware of people with disabilities. During an experience in the Office of Students with Disabilities Services at the University of Vermont in 2006, I was exposed to another cultural group: people with disabilities. I intend to raise awareness of this group’s history and culture. I will then explore what disability is, the history of this population, the obstacles facing this marginalized group, and why people with disabilities are rarely acknowledged in society and higher education. I will conclude with tangible examples of this issue being addressed at certain institutions.
Venetoclax Adds a New Arrow Targeting Relapsed CLL to the Quiver.

Inhibitors of B cell receptor signaling substantially changed the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia as the first targeted agents to enter routine clinical practice. A recent paper by Roberts and colleagues describes an additional therapeutic target by reporting encouraging clinical results with venetoclax, an inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2.
Does Governance Matter? The Case of Business Improvement Districts and the Urban Resurgence

This Essay, written for a conference entitled “Business Improvement Districts and the Evolution of Urban Governance,” examines the relationship between innovations in urban governance and the recent urban resurgence. Whether business improvement districts (BIDs) have played a role in that resurgence is part of a larger inquiry about the causes of local economic growth and decline. This Essay begins by providing some background to the debate about BIDs, suggesting that BIDs have played a less significant role in urban governance than either proponents or detractors have sometimes asserted. It then makes some tentative efforts to describe the connections between BIDs and the urban resurgence in places like Philadelphia, arguing that those connections are not particularly robust. Finally, the Essay suggests caution when attempting to draw causal connections between governance and economic outcomes. It is not at all certain that good governance matters to local economic growth. Other factors may be more significant. If that is so, then the current competitive model of city growth and decline that seems to dominate thinking about urban law and policy is far too simplistic.
Correlating Fast Fluence to dpa in Atypical Locations

Damage to a nuclear reactor's materials by high-energy neutrons causes changes in the ductility and fracture toughness of the materials. The reactor vessel and its associated piping's ability to withstand stress without brittle fracture are paramount to safety. Theoretically, the material damage is directly related to the displacements per atom (dpa) via the residual defects from induced displacements. However in practice, the material damage is based on a correlation to the high-energy (E>1.0MeV) neutronfluence. While the correlated approach is applicable when the material in question has experienced the same neutron spectrum as test specimens which were the basis of the correlation, this approach is not generically acceptable. Using Monte Carlo and discrete ordinates transport codes, the energy dependent neutronflux is determined throughout the reactor structures and the reactor vessel. Results from the models provide the dpa response in addition to the high- energy neutron flux. Ratios of dpa to fast fluence are calculated throughout the models. The comparisons show a constant ratio in the areas of historical concern and thus the validity of the correlated approach to these areas. In regions above and below the fuel however, the flux spectrum has changed significantly. The correlated relationship of material damage to fluence is not valid in these regions without adjustment. An adjustment mechanism is proposed. 1. Background
Clean Air Policy and Alternative Fuels: Do We Get What We Pay for?

The Clean Air Act has set ambient air quality standards for the United States. Areas that violate these standards (usually large urban centers) are required to use cleaner- burning automotive fuels (oxygenated fuels) during the winter months in some cases, and year-round (reformulated gasoline) in the worst cases. However, cleaning-up our aggregate automobile emissions can be done through many different methods. Using both cross-section and panel data from the California emissions testing program this paper investigates the environmental benefits gained by the use of oxygenated automotive fuels (oxyfuels). It estimates the actual emissions abatement due to the fuel, controlling for the characteristics of the car and driver. The results suggest the emissions gains are probably lower than previously thought (with respect to carbon monoxide emissions) due to the differential impact of the fuel on different model years. Cars built since 1987 appear to have no emissions gains as a result of using oxyfuels. These results lend support for the investigation of other, more cost-effective solutions to lowering automotive pollution.
Pressure Dependence and Branching Ratios in the Decomposition of 1-Pentyl Radicals: Shock Tube Experiments and Master Equation Modeling

The decomposition and intramolecular H-transfer isomerization reactions of the 1-pentyl radical have been studied at temperatures of 880 to 1055 K and pressures of 80 to 680 kPa using the single pulse shock tube technique and additionally investigated with quantum chemical methods. The 1-pentyl radical was generated by shock heating dilute mixtures of 1-iodopentane and the stable products of its decomposition have been observed by postshock gas chromatographic analysis. Ethene and propene are the main olefin products and account for >97% of the carbon balance from 1-pentyl. Also produced are very small amounts of (E)-2-pentene, (Z)-2-pentene, and 1-butene. The ethene/propene product ratio is pressure dependent and varies from about 3 to 5 over the range of temperatures and pressures studied. Formation of ethene and propene can be related to the concentrations of 1-pentyl and 2-pentyl radicals in the system and the relative rates of five-center intramolecular H-transfer reactions and β C–C bond scissions. ...
Investigation Of Public Psychological Crisis Intervention Status And Requirements Its After Public Emergencies Occurring In Anhui Province

Objective To understand the public psychological crisis intervention status and its requirements when public emergencies occurred in some areas in Anhui province,and provide a scientific reference for the formulation of intervention strategies.Methods The random cluster sampling was used,and 1652 persons in Hefei and Fuyang were randomly selected and investigated using questionnaire.Results Only 7.4% of subjects had a better understanding of psychological crisis intervention on public emergencies.47.3% of them had any help after public emergencies.Among those objects who had received psychological help,37.0% thought the intervention effect is well.When suffering public emergencies,46.4% hoped that professional counsellors could provide psychological help,49.3% were likely to learn how to deal with psychological reaction,67.4% liked to obtain knowledge and skills on psychological respects through TV programmes,and 45.0% liked the psychological publicity in form of book or journals.Conclusion At present,the work of the public psychological crisis intervention after public emergencies is not enough in depth.The residents hope to obtain the concerned skills and knowledge about psychological crisis intervention through professionals,books and journals,TV,and so on.
Controlling Blattella germanica with Metarhizium anisopliae

In recent years,with the rapid growth of cockroach resistance and enhancement of peoples' environment awareness,government departments pay more attention to scientific utilization of chemical pesticides and how to reduce injury of pesticide residues. Metarhizium anisopliae attracts more attention because of its good characteristics including target specificity,safety,environmental friendness and not easy to produce drug resistance. This paper discusses main influencing factors of infectivity of Metarhizium anisopliae to Blattella germanica,synergetic effect of Metarhizium anisopliae and some drugs,formulations study and popularization and application of Metarhizium anisopliae in pests control,in order to provide scientific basis for application of Metarhizium anisopliae in Blattella germanica control and research on non-pollution control technology in pests.
Thickness of Breast Screening in a Hospital Room the Calculation and Evaluation

[Objective]To find out the required thickness of shielding of a galactophore screening room through calculation,so as to evaluate the thickness suitability of room shielding design.[Methods]According to the basic principles of radiation protection and radiation health-related regulations and standards,the thickness of shielding material required was calculated on the thickness of the secondary radiation barrier room formula.[Results]The calculated thickness(the thickness required) of the galactophore screening room was very thin,which was much thinner than the thickness of the shielding design.[Conclusion]The thickness of walls and ceiling of galactophore screening room should be reduced to the minimum thickness required in construction,protective doors can be changed to ant-theft door in accordance with the standard,so as to meet the requirements of radiation protection.
APPLICATION OF MASS FLOWMETER ON OIL FIELD WELL METERING

The architecture and the basic measuring principle of the mass flowmeter were introduced. The selection of the oil well metering scheme, the design of the mass flowmeter and its selected types were described in this paper. This paper emphasized on the application of the mass flowmeter in the oil field of Great Nile Petroleum Operation Cooperation in Sudan, the appli- cation problems were analyzed and the relative solutions were given out.
Grant writing tips for translational research.

All investigators face the same challenge-the highly competitive nature of the grant review process. Innovation alone is not enough to ensure grant-supported funding. Applied clinical research requires a diverse, collaborative team of investigators with specialized skills, a supportive clinical research environment, and access to clinical material. Additionally, the lack of animal models for many diseases and ethical limitations prevent direct mechanistic experiments that are possible using in vitro systems or animal models. Therefore, specific granting mechanisms and program initiatives target translational research studies. This chapter provides grant writing tips and lists resources that may prove helpful for new investigators seeking research funding in support of translational research, biobanking, and research utilizing molecular biomarkers.
Solid-Phase Synthesis Utilizing Azido-α-Amino Acids: Reduction of Azido-Protected Proline

During an evaluation of azido-α-amino acids and their utility in solid-phase peptide chemistry, the octapeptide angiotensin II and a tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog have been prepared using Meldal’s procedure [1]. A necessary novel step was the reduction of the azido moiety of L-proline, a secondary amine constrained by a ring, to the corresponding free amine for coupling and peptide elongation. In this step a solution of tin(II)chloride (SnCl2), thiophenol (PhSH) and triethylamine (TEA) [2] in dimethylformamide (DMF) was added at ambient temperature to the azido-L-proline-peptide-resin to afford the desired free amino group (Figure 1) and make the use of azido- α-amino acids more general for solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Two regions of seafloor deformation generated the tsunami for the 13 November 2016, Kaikoura, New Zealand earthquake

The 13 November 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand, M_w 7.8 earthquake ruptured multiple crustal faults in the transpressional Marlborough and North Canterbury tectonic domains of northeastern South Island. The Hikurangi trench and underthrust Pacific slab terminate in the region south of Kaikoura, as the subdution zone transitions to the Alpine fault strike-slip regime. It is difficult to establish whether any coseismic slip occurred on the megathrust from on-land observations. The rupture generated a tsunami well recorded at tide gauges along the eastern coasts and in Chatham Islands, including a ~4 m crest-to-trough signal at Kaikoura where coastal uplift was about 1 m, and at multiple gauges in Wellington Harbor. Iterative modeling of teleseismic body waves and the regional water-level recordings establishes that two regions of seafloor motion produced the tsunami, including an M_w ~7.6 rupture on the megathrust below Kaikoura and comparable size transpressional crustal faulting extending offshore near Cook Strait.
The Tragedy of the Risk-Perception Commons: Culture Conflict, Rationality Conflict, and Climate Change

The conventional explanation for controversy over climate change emphasizes impediments to public understanding: Limited popular knowledge of science, the inability of ordinary citizens to assess technical information, and the resulting widespread use of unreliable cognitive heuristics to assess risk. A large survey of U.S. adults (N = 1540) found little support for this account. On the whole, the most scientifically literate and numerate subjects were slightly less likely, not more, to see climate change as a serious threat than the least scientifically literate and numerate ones. More importantly, greater scientific literacy and numeracy were associated with greater cultural polarization: Respondents predisposed by their values to dismiss climate change evidence became more dismissive, and those predisposed by their values to credit such evidence more concerned, as science literacy and numeracy increased. We suggest that this evidence reflects a conflict between two levels of rationality: The individual level, which is characterized by citizens’ effective use of their knowledge and reasoning capacities to form risk perceptions that express their cultural commitments; and the collective level, which is characterized by citizens’ failure to converge on the best available scientific evidence on how to promote their common welfare. Dispelling this, “tragedy of the risk-perception commons,” we argue, should be understood as the central aim of the science of science communication.
Differential Programming Needs of College Students Preferring Web-Based Versus In-Person Physical Activity Programs

ABSTRACTCollege students report several barriers to exercise, highlighting a need for university-based programs that address these challenges. In contrast to in-person interventions, several web-based programs have been developed to enhance program engagement by increasing ease of access and lowering the necessary level of commitment to participate. Unfortunately, web-based programs continue to struggle with engagement and less-than-ideal outcomes. One explanation for this discrepancy is that different intervention modalities may attract students with distinctive activity patterns, motivators, barriers, and program needs. However, no studies have formally evaluated intervention modality preference (e.g., web-based or in-person) among college students. The current study sought to examine the relationship between intervention modality preference and physical activity programming needs. Undergraduate students (n = 157) enrolled in psychology courses at an urban university were asked to complete an online sur...
Radiological Aspects of BWR Systems

The other major LWR design currently in widespread use throughout the world is the boiling water reactor (BWR). The distinguishing design feature of the BWR is that water is allowed to boil in the reactor vessel in contrast to the PWR design described in Chap. 2, in which water in the primary system is maintained under high pressure to preclude boiling. Many of the BWR units currently in operation are of the General Electric (GE) design. The first GE unit to enter commercial operation was the Humboldt Bay plant near Eureka, California. The Humboldt Bay plant has subsequently been decommissioned. In addition to GE, ASEA-Atom (Sweden), Toshiba and Hitachi (Japan), among others, are other suppliers of BWR-designed reactor types.
Examining heat treatment for stabilization of the lipidome.

Aim: To confidently determine lipid-based biomarkers, it is important to minimize variation introduced during preanalytical steps. We evaluated reducing variation associated with lipid measurements in invertebrate sentinel species using a state-of-the-art heat treatment technique.Materials and Methods: Earthworms (Eisenia fetida), house crickets (Acheta domestica) and ghost shrimp (Palaemonetes paludosus) were euthanized either by flash freezing or heat treatment. For both experiments, samples were either immediately extracted after removal from -80°C storage or incubated on ice for one hour prior to sample weighing and extraction. Lipidomics was performed on resulting extracts using liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. LipidMatch and LipidSearch were used for lipid identification. Results: Lipid enzymatic products (e.g., phosphatidylmethanols, diglycerides, lysoglycerophospholipids and ether-linked/oxidized lysoglycerophospholipids), were in higher concentrations in flash-froze...
Pervasive Targeting of Nascent Transcripts by Hfq.

Summary Hfq is an RNA chaperone and an important post-transcriptional regulator in bacteria. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), we show that Hfq associates with hundreds of different regions of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. These associations are abolished when transcription is inhibited, indicating that they reflect Hfq binding to transcripts during their synthesis. Analogous ChIP-seq analyses with the post-transcriptional regulator Crc reveal that it associates with many of the same nascent transcripts as Hfq, an activity we show is Hfq dependent. Our findings indicate that Hfq binds many transcripts co-transcriptionally in P. aeruginosa, often in concert with Crc, and uncover direct regulatory targets of these proteins. They also highlight a general approach for studying the interactions of RNA-binding proteins with nascent transcripts in bacteria. The binding of post-transcriptional regulators to nascent mRNAs may represent a prevalent means of controlling translation in bacteria where transcription and translation are coupled.
THE NATURE OF 3He CONFINEMENT IN TRANSITION METAL HYDRIDES

ABSTRACT Although helium is insoluble in metals, large amounts of 3He are known to remain trapped in metal tritides after being introduced into the lattice by radioactive decay of tritium. The mode of confinement is found concentration (age) dependent in that at critical helium-to-metal ratios, abrupt changes in the rate of gas evolution from the hydride occur. This situation presents both practical and fundamental problems relating to the nature of metal hydrides and their stability, even with rather severe internal damage. A large collection of data relating to helium evolution from transition metal tritides, which were collected over a long period of time, now exists. From these data, a general physical picture of tritide aging can be inferred. More recent studies of 3He and 3H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the hydride systems TiHx and ScHx have been carried out. Results from this work provide a somewhat detailed microscopic picture of hydride behavior with large amounts of helium trapped in the lattice.
Longitudinal Beam Dynamics

In previous chapters we have concentrated the discussion on the interaction of transverse electrical and magnetic fields with charged particles and have derived appropriate formalisms to apply this interaction to the design of beam transport systems. The characteristics of these transverse fields is that they allow to guide charged particles along a prescribed path but do not contribute directly to the energy of the particles through acceleration. For particle acceleration we must generate fields with nonvanishing force components in the direction of the desired acceleration.
Forest Abiotic Agent Stress: Symptomatic Foliar Damage Directly Caused by Air Contaminants

Under conditions of sufficient dose, air pollutants directly cause visible injury to forest trees. The accumulation of particulate contaminants on leaf surfaces or the continued uptake of gaseous pollutants through leaf stomata will eventually result in cell and tissue damage that will be manifest in foliar symptoms obvious to the trained, but unaided eye. This direct induction of disease in trees by air pollutants is the most dramatic and obvious individual tree response of all Class II interactions. It is the only Class II interaction that can be detected in the field by casual observation. Unlike altered reproductive strategy, nutrient cycling, tree metabolism, or insect and disease relationships; the degree of foliar symptoms induced by air pollutants can be relatively easily observed, inventoried, and quantified. In the presence of a sufficient dose, tree damage may be of sufficient severity to cause mortality. Tree death directly induced by ambient air pollution exposure is considered a Class III interaction and is treated in Chapter 17.
How is it determined that the true is not the same as the false

The question that I discuss in this paper is whether Frege has a criterion of identity for the objects the True and the False that he introduces as denotation of sentences. My answer is that he does not, either in general or within the system of Basic Laws.
Alternative to What? Agroecology, Food Sovereignty, and Cuba's Agricultural Revolution:

In Cuba, the transition from industrial agriculture towards agroecology since the Special Period of the early 1990s has provided both an incredible example for alternative, sustainable food systems...
Neoliberalism, the Global Capitalist Crisis, and the Occupy Wall Street Movement

This chapter provides an explanation for the rise and fall of the Occupy Wall Street movement, a social movement “from bellow” that dared to “dream dangerously” in the wake of the most devastating economic crisis the United States had experienced since the Great Depression. Scholars and analysts have documented extensively the structural underpinnings of the Great Recession in the United States (December 2007 to June 2009 [official timeline]) and the 2008 financial collapse as consequences of neoliberal political economic policies that have led to some of the most dramatic increases in economic, political, and social inequality since the 1930s. The Occupy Wall Street movement was an outcome of the contradictions of contemporary capitalism and capitalist crisis in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This chapter is a narrative reconstruction of Occupy Wall Street’s online discourse that stems from an inquiry into the origins and development of the Occupy Wall Street movement that emerged in 2011. It is a product of a research project that I undertook as the Occupy movement evolved into a full-blown political response to the prevailing neoliberal capitalist order.
Code-switching in the narratives of dual-language Latino preschoolers

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of code-switching in the narratives of dual-language Latino preschoolers, specifically by examining its incidence, types, functions, and grammaticality. Previous work has investigated code-switching in younger children and in older children and adults, but relatively little work has investigated code-switching during the preschool years, an important time for dual-language development. This study tracked the code-switching of 39 Latino DLL preschoolers over three time points: the end of each of their two preschool years, and the beginning of their kindergarten year. At each time point, children shared a wordless picture book narrative. Code-switching in their narratives was coded for incidence, type, function, and grammaticality. Results showed that the number of children who code-switched was relatively small and stable over time, and that most code-switches occurred from Spanish to English. One-word switches, mostly nouns, were the predominant type of code-switching across years. Children used code-switching to serve a variety of functions, and almost all switches adhered to grammatical rules. Results suggest that the preschool age is an important developmental period for code-switching, in which children’s code-switches are simultaneously reflective of those of younger children and associated with more complexity in function and grammaticality.
What Is Dumping Syndrome? How Do I Diagnose and Treat Dumping Syndrome?

Dumping syndrome refers to a constellation of symptoms that occurs when food reaches the small bowel too rapidly. Symptoms are triggered by meals, and there are both early symptoms as well as late findings. In the acute care setting, diagnosis is based on symptoms in relationship to oral intake. Definitive diagnosis is made with a modified oral glucose tolerance test that can be done as an outpatient. The initial dumping syndrome management relies on dietary modifications. After dietary modifications, medications such as somatostatin analogs (e.g. octreotide) are the next step which delay gastric emptying and small bowel transit time, as well as inhibit gastric hormones and insulin secretion.
Understanding the elements of a digital library project plan: part 2

Purpose – In part one of this article, the project plan aspects related to purpose, goals, and objectives as well as scope and risk assessment were explored. In this second part, the aim is to investigate the second two aspects: project products and deliverables and assumptions and constraints that will affect the project.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology of this article is based on a review of the literature as well as best practice in the field.Findings – Project products and deliverables must be accurately defined and described to ensure a successful project plan. Additionally, an often overlooked aspect of project management is defining the assumptions and constraints (both internal and external) that will affect the environment of the project implementation.Originality/value – Project managers who follow the recommendations and practices outlined in this article will help ensure the ultimate success of their project plans.
Expansile Traumatic Neuroma of the Intratemporal Facial Nerve.

Objectives To present a rare case of traumatic facial neuroma involving the geniculate ganglion and review relevant literature. Patient Thirty-year-old man. Intervention Microsurgical resection via combined mastoid-middle fossa approach with great auricular nerve interpositional graft. Main Outcome Measures Patient demographics and pre- and postoperative facial nerve function. Results A 30-year-old man with a reported history of prior Bell's palsy developed progressive complete (House–Brackmann VI) right facial paralysis following blunt trauma. Imaging was strongly suggestive of a geniculate ganglion hemangioma. As the patient had no spontaneous improvement in his poor facial function over the course of 9 months, he underwent resection of the facial nerve lesion with great auricular nerve graft interposition via a combined mastoid-middle fossa approach. Histopathology demonstrated disorganized fascicles, with axonal clustering reminiscent of sprouting/regeneration following trauma. No cellular proliferation or vascular malformation was present. Conclusion Traumatic facial nerve neuromas can occur following temporal bone trauma and can closely mimic primary facial nerve tumors. Akin to the management of geniculate ganglion hemangioma and schwannoma, preoperative facial function largely dictates if and when surgery should be pursued.
Sparse Stochastic Inference for Latent Dirichlet allocation

We present a hybrid algorithm for Bayesian topic models that combines the efficiency of sparse Gibbs sampling with the scalability of online stochastic inference. We used our algorithm to analyze a corpus of 1.2 million books (33 billion words) with thousands of topics. Our approach reduces the bias of variational inference and generalizes to many Bayesian hidden-variable models.
Mal protein stabilizes luminal membrane PLC-β3 and negatively regulates ENaC in mouse cortical collecting duct cells.

Abnormally high epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron and collecting duct leads to hypertension. Myelin and lymphocyte (Mal) is a lipid raft-associated ...
Microvascular decompression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and multiple sclerosis: results and analysis of possible prognostic factors.

We evaluated the results of microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and multiple sclerosis (MS) and we studied the role of several clinical and surgical factors as possible prognosticators of good outcome. To do this we performed, to our knowledge, the first literature review with a pooled analysis of data. A PubMed search of literature was conducted using the following terms: “microvascular decompression”, “trigeminal neuralgia” and “multiple sclerosis”. We screened 64 articles. Of them, 7 studies were eligible for this review. As outcome indicators we used the acute pain relief (APR) and the recurrence of pain. An APR was obtained in 71.42% and a recurrence of pain was reported in 26.00% of cases, respectively. At univariate analysis, younger age at surgery (p = 0.0419) and performing MVD as the first treatment (p = 0.0384) were associated to a higher probability of APR. The evidence of an MRI brainstem lesion related to the TN (p = 0.0482) was associated to a lower probability to obtain an APR after MVD. None of the evaluated factors affect the probability of recurrence of pain. At multivariate analysis the evidence of a brainstem MRI lesion related to the TN emerged as a negative prognosticator of APR (p = 0.0169). Our literature pooled analysis showed that MVD is effective in treating patients with MS-related TN. The evidence on MRI of a demyelinating plaque related to the TN is associated with a worse response to MVD. These data could suggest that MVD would be indicated mainly in patients without brainstem MRI lesions.
Embracing others with “sympathetic understanding” and “affectionate interpretation:” Creating a relational care-centered public administration

This paper’s purpose is to share theoretical and practical guidance with public administration scholars, teachers, and practitioners interested in fostering empathy and compassion in the public are...
Chapter 57 – Encephalomyelopathies

Autoimmune disorders affecting the CNS may result in diverse syndromes including encephalitis, myelitis, stiff person syndrome, acquired neuromyotonia, psychosis, and memory loss. Systemic autoimmune disorders, notably systemic lupus erythematosus, affect the CNS by causing infarction or hemorrhage, by causing CNS inflammation, by effects of T cell activities, or by their association with specific CNS autoimmune disorders exemplified by patients with Sjogren’s syndrome and coexisting neuromyelitis optica. In some systemic disorders, such as sarcoidosis or Behcet’s disease, the underlying pathogenesis of both the disease itself and its CNS manifestations is unclear. Specific autoimmune disorders of the CNS may be divided into those where antibody-mediated responses are likely and those where T cell mechanisms are more likely. These former include neuromyelitis optica (due to AQP4 antibodies), where the autoantigen is a water channel at the surface of the blood–brain barrier and complement fixation is important. Other CNS autoantibodies target the NMDA receptor, the AMPA receptor, the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex, or a growing list of synaptic proteins. In these disorders a reversible effect of the antibodies on the target protein is likely, and patients’ symptoms may resemble those associated with pharmacologic or genetic abrogation of the function of the target protein. Many patients respond to immunotherapy or therapy of associated tumors, when present. In contrast to the autoantibody-mediated disorders, there is a group of disorders characterized by responses to intracellular (mostly nuclear) “onconeuronal” antigens with a poorer prognosis and a stronger cancer association. In these disorders antibody responses are often incidental and pathogenesis may depend on a T cell response directed to neuronal autoantigens.
Investigating Ballistic Impact Damage in Lightweight Ceramic Armor Materials Using Advanced Computed Tomography

Ballistic impact damage in lightweight, brittle armor ceramics consists of multiple, distributed, and frequently interconnected, cracks of varying sizes ranging from microns to millimeters. Three-dimensional (3-D) postmortem assessment of this type of damage in armor ceramic targets is a highly desirable yet difficult task. However, recent developments with the extensive application of the nondestructive technique of x-ray computed tomography, XCT, have offered a potential solution to this problem. Previously, only select areas of damage have been captured on two-dimensional (2-D) images from cross-sectioned and polished ceramic target samples. In this presentation, the authors give an overview of their research results utilizing XCT techniques to nondestructively reveal the internal meso-scale damage morphology within armor ceramic targets of TiC, TiB2, and SiC. These results demonstrate the innovative and powerful nature of this method in the 2-D and 3-D visualization of internal physical damage. The damage examined occurred in situ during high velocity ballistic impact of these ceramics in confined or encapsulated assemblies. Post-impact samples, which are not severely overmatched by the threat, retain sufficient intact ceramic to allow for such damage assessment by XCT characterization.
Strongly (η,ω)$(\eta ,\omega )$-convex functions with nonnegative modulus

We introduce a new class of functions called strongly $(\eta,\omega)$-convex functions. This class of functions generalizes some recently introduced notions of convexity, namely, the η-convex functions and strongly η-convex functions. We also establish inequalities of the Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer’s type, which generalize results of Delavar and Dragomir (Math. Inequal. Appl. 20(1):203–216, 2017) and Awan et al. (Filomat 31(18):5783–5790, 2017). In addition, we obtain some new results for this class of functions. Finally, we apply our results to the k-Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operators to obtain more results in this direction.
Professor Beware: Liberating Faculty Voices of Color Working in Predominantly White Institutions and Geographic Settings:

Predominantly White institutions (PWIs) have prioritized the recruitment of underrepresented faculty of color. For these faculty, initial excitement about a new position may give way to concerns ab...
Persistence of Late Gadolinium Enhancement on Follow-Up CMR Imaging in Children with Acute Myocarditis

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard non-invasive test for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on CMR imaging signifies myocardial fibrosis or scar but information on long-term follow-up in pediatric patients is limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the persistence of LGE in follow-up CMR imaging and highlight the need for serially following LGE after acute myocarditis in children. A retrospective review of the CMR images in pediatric patients less than 18 years of age at Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital was performed from October 31, 2010, to December 31, 2017. The ages of the patients included in the study ranged from 10 to 17 years. Out of 34 subjects, 12 subjects had a follow-up CMR imaging after the initial CMR imaging. Cardiac enzymes and inflammatory markers were elevated in all patients on initial presentation with normalization seen for all patients on follow-up testing. Baseline CMR imaging demonstrated depressed function in 50% of patients (6/12) with recovery of biventricular function seen in all except for one patient. LGE was detected in 10 out of 12 patients on baseline CMR and persisted in all on follow--up CMR imaging. Two patients did not have LGE at baseline CMR and had no evidence of LGE at follow-up CMR. Despite resolution of acute myocardial inflammation, LGE persisted in all of our study subjects. There is neither an agreement on time interval to perform follow-up CMR, nor on duration of follow-up. We recommend large-scale prospective CMR study for long-term follow-up evaluation of children after acute myocarditis.