cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ECG INTERPRETATION FOR SUSPECTED PACEMAKER SYNDROME

Ventriculo-atrial (VA) conduction can occur with ventricular pacing. This can lead to pacemaker (PM) syndrome which occurs because of AV dyssynchrony. In this setting, echo beats can manifest that make electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation difficult. A 71 year old man presented with dyspnea. He
A Proximity-Based Generative Model for Online Social Network Topologies

Online social networks (OSN) are an increasingly powerful force for information diffusion and opinion sharing in society. Thus, understanding and modeling their structure and behavior is critical. Researchers need vast databases of self-contained, appropriately-sized OSN topologies in order to test and train new algorithms and models to solve problems related to these platforms. In this paper, we present a flexible, robust, and novel model for generating synthetic networks which closely resemble real OSN network systems (e.g., Facebook and Twitter) that include community structures. We also present an automated parameter tuner which can match the model’s output to a given OSN topology. The model can then be used as a data factory to generate testbeds of synthetic topologies which closely resemble the given sample. We compare our model, tuned to match two large real-world OSN network samples, with the Barabasi-Albert model and the Lancichinetti-Fortunato-Radicchi benchmark used as baselines. We find that output of our proposed generative model more closely matches the target topologies, than either model, on a variety of important metrics — including clustering coefficient, modularity, assortativity, and average path length. Our model also organically generates robust, realistic communities, with non-trivial inter- and intra-community structure.
Transport of Neutrally Buoyant and Dense Variably Sized Colloids in a Two-Dimensional Fracture with Anisotropic Aperture

The transport of monodisperse as well as polydisperse colloid suspensions in a two-dimensional, water saturated fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture is investigated with a particle tracking model. Both neutrally buoyant and dense colloid suspensions are considered. Although flow and transport in fractured subsurface formations have been studied extensively by numerous investigators, the transport of dense, polydisperse colloid suspensions in a fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture has not been previously explored. Simulated snapshots and breakthrough curves of ensemble averages of several realizations of a log-normally distributed aperture field show that polydisperse colloids exhibit greater spreading than monodisperse colloids, and dense colloids show greater retardation than neutrally buoyant colloids. Moreover, it is demonstrated that aperture anisotropy oriented along the flow direction substantially increases colloid spreading; whereas, aperture anisotropy oriented transverse to the flow direction retards colloid movement.
Chapter 8 – Permeability

This chapter presents the representative values of the permeability of intact rocks and rock masses and describes the various methods for estimating the permeability of intact rocks, discontinuities, and rock masses. The effect of different factors such as stress, temperature and scale on rock permeability, and the anisotropy of rock permeability are also discussed in this chapter.
Purkinje system hyperexcitability and ventricular arrhythmia risk in type 3 long QT syndrome

Background Gain-of-function variants in the SCN5A-encoded Nav1.5 sodium channel cause type 3 long QT syndrome (LQT3) and multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contractions. Although the Purkinje system is uniquely sensitive to the action potential–prolonging effects of LQT3-causative variants, the existence of additional Purkinje phenotype(s) in LQT3 is unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of frequent fascicular/Purkinje-related premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and short-coupled ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), suggestive of Purkinje system hyperexcitability (PSH), in a single-center LQT3 cohort. Methods A retrospective analysis of 177 SCN5A-positive patients was performed to identify individuals with a LQT3 phenotype. Available electrocardiographic, electrophysiology study, device, and genetic data from 91 individuals with LQT3 were reviewed for evidence of presumed fascicular PVCs and short-coupled VAs. The relationship between PSH and ventricular fibrillation events was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results Overall, 30 of 91 patients with LQT3 (33%) exhibited evidence of presumed PSH (fascicular PVCs 30 of 30 [100%]; short-coupled VAs 17 of 30 [56%]). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses demonstrated an increased risk of ventricular fibrillation events in individuals with LQT3 and PSH (log-rank, P Conclusion This study demonstrates that a discernible Purkinje phenotype is present in one-third of LQT3 cases and increases the risk of potentially lethal VAs. Further study is needed to determine whether a distinct cellular electrophysiology phenotype underlies this phenomenon.
Emergence of Spacetime: From Entanglement toEinstein

Here I develop the connection between thermodynamics, entanglement, and gravity. I begin by showing that the classical null energy condition (NEC) can arise as a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics applied to local holographic screens. This is accomplished by essentially reversing the steps of Hawking's area theorem, leading to the Ricci convergence condition as an input, from which an application of Einstein's equations yields the NEC. Using the same argument, I show logarithmic quantum corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula do not alter the form of the Ricci convergence condition, but obscure its connection to the NEC. Then, by attributing thermodynamics to the stretched horizon of future lightcones – a timelike hypersurface generated by a collection of radially accelerating observers with constant and uniform proper acceleration – I derive Einstein's equations from the Clausius relation. Based on this derivation I uncover a local first law of gravity, connecting gravitational entropy to matter energy and work. I then provide an entanglement interpretation of stretched lightcone thermodynamics by extending the entanglement equilibrium proposal. Specifically I show that the condition of fixed volume can be understood as subtracting the irreversible contribution to the thermodynamic entropy. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, I then provide a microscopic explanation of the 'thermodynamic volume' – the conjugate variable to the pressure in extended black hole thermodynamics – and reveal the super-entropicity of three-dimensional AdS black holes is due to the gravitational entropy overcounting the number of available dual CFT states. Finally, I conclude by providing a recent generlization of the extended first law of entanglement, and study its non-trivial 2+1- and 1+1-dimensional limits. This thesis is self-contained and pedagogical by including useful background content relevant to emergent gravity.
Right bundle branch block ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy more commonly originates from the right ventricle: Criteria for identifying chamber of origin.

Background Right bundle branch block (RBBB) ventricular tachycardia (VT) morphology is a criterion for left ventricular (LV) involvement in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and chamber of origin of RBBB VT in patients with ARVC and VT. Methods We studied 110 consecutive patients with VT who met the diagnostic International Task Force criteria for ARVC and underwent VT mapping/ablation. Patients with ≥1 RBBB VT were identified. Right ventricular (RV) origin of the RBBB VT was determined based on standard mapping criteria and elimination with ablation. Results Nineteen patients (17%) had 26 RBBB VTs. Eleven of these 19 patients (58%) had 16 RBBB VTs from the RV, and 9 patients (47%) had 10 RBBB VTs originating from the LV, with 1 patient demonstrating both. RBBB VT from RV most commonly (13/16 RBBB VTs) had an early precordial QRS transition (V2 or V3), with superiorly and typically leftward directed frontal plane axis, consistent with exit from dilated RV adjacent to inferior LV septum, whereas all 10 VTs from LV had RBBB morphology with positive R waves to V5 or V6 and rightward axis in 6 VTs characteristic of basal lateral origin. Conclusion In patients with ARVC and VT presenting for VT ablation, RBBB VT occurs in 17% of cases, with most RBBB VTs (62%) originating from the RV and not indicative of LV origin. Precordial R-wave transition and frontal plane axis can be used to identify the anticipated chamber of origin of RBBB VT.
Venoms of New World Vinesnakes (Oxybelis aeneus and O. fulgidus)

Species of Oxybelis are extremely elongate arboreal snakes that are broadly distributed in the Americas, from extreme southeastern Arizona (USA) to central South America. Primarily feeding on lizards and birds, Oxybelis venoms are poorly known in general, but a prominent taxon-specific three-finger toxin (fulgimotoxin) was isolated from and is a prominent component of O. fulgidus venom; a homolog is also present in O. aeneus venom. As part of ongoing characterization of venoms from rear-fanged snakes, we describe here the composition of two broadly distributed species, O. aeneus and O. fulgidus. Venom proteomes were of very low complexity, and four protein families (LAAO, PIII SVMP, CRiSP and 3FTx) account for more than 90% of total protein composition. Venoms from both species are moderately toxic to mice and to Hemidactylus geckos, but they are nearly an order of magnitude more toxic to Anolis lizards (a native prey species). These results reflect a trend in colubrid venom composition that is becoming increasingly more common: the presence of taxon-specific toxins, specifically three-finger toxins, preferentially targeting lizards and/or birds.
Bayesian Estimation for Gaussian Graphical Models: Structure Learning, Predictability, and Network Comparisons.

Gaussian graphical models (GGM; “networks”) allow for estimating conditional dependence structures that are encoded by partial correlations. This is accomplished by identifying non-zero relations i...
Self-Assembled Nanodielectrics for Solution-Processed Top-Gate Amorphous IGZO Thin-Film Transistors.

Metal oxide semiconductors, such as amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO), have made impressive strides as alternatives to amorphous silicon for electronics applications. However, to achieve...
Reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards is associated with risk for conversion and negative symptom severity in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms are unclear in the CHR population. Methods The current study evaluated whether CHR participants demonstrated deficits in the willingness to expend effort for rewards and whether these impairments are associated with negative symptoms and greater risk for conversion. Participants included 44 CHR participants and 32 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT). Results Compared to CN, CHR participants displayed reduced likelihood of exerting high effort for high probability and magnitude rewards. Among CHR participants, reduced effort expenditure was associated with greater negative symptom severity and greater probability of conversion to a psychotic disorder on a cross-sectional risk calculator. Conclusions Findings suggest that effort-cost computation is a marker of illness liability and a transphasic mechanism underlying negative symptoms in the SZ spectrum.
Sound Propagation and Anisotropy in Liquid 3He A

Various orientations of the energy gap of superfluid 3He A may be examined by varying the angle between the applied magnetic field and the direction of sound propagation. Strong evidence of anisotropy has been obtained from both velocity and attenuation measurements.
Modeling the effects of climate change on water, sediment, and nutrient yields from the Maumee River watershed

Abstract Study region Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Western Basin (WB) of Lake Erie have been linked to nonpoint pollution from agricultural watersheds. The Maumee River watershed is the largest in the Great Lakes region and delivers the biggest sediment and nutrient load to Lake Erie. Study focus Climate change could alter the magnitude and timing of sediment and nutrient delivery to Lake Erie's WB. Data from four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models were inputted into a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model of the Maumee River watershed to determine the effects of climate change on watershed yields. Tillage practices were also altered within the model to test the effectiveness of conservation practices under climate change scenarios. New hydrological insights for the region Moderate climate change scenarios reduced annual flow (up to −24%) and sediment (up to −26%) yields, while a more extreme scenario showed smaller flow reductions (up to −10%) and an increase in sediment (up to +11%). No-till practices had a negligible effect on flow but produced 16% lower average sediment loads than scenarios using current watershed conditions. At high implementation rates, no-till practices could offset any future increases in annual sediment loads, but they may have varied seasonal success. Regardless of future climate change intensity, increased remediation efforts will likely be necessary to significantly reduce HABs in Lake Erie's WB.
Paget's disease of prolonged chronicity. Report of a case.

Abstract A male patient had advanced polyostotic Paget's disease for about 35 years, of which 28 years were spent in the chronic wards of a large city hospital. Chronic osteomyelitis of both jaws complicated oral surgical procedures on numerous occasions. Construction of dentures proved impossible because of the constantly changing structure of the edentulous ridges. The patient survived without dentures for a protracted period of time, with no ill effects to his gastrointestinal system, as evidenced by autopsy reports.
Muscarinic receptor activation of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. Relationship to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and diacylglycerol metabolism.

Abstract We examined the relationship between phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolysis, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and diacylglycerol (DAG) formation in response to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) stimulation in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. Carbachol increases the release of [3H]choline and [3H]phosphorylcholine ([3H]Pchol) from cells containing [3H]choline-labeled PC. The production of Pchol is rapid and transient, while choline production continues for at least 30 min. mAChR-stimulated release of Pchol is reduced in cells that have been depleted of intracellular Ca2+ stores by ionomycin pretreatment, whereas choline release is unaffected by this pretreatment. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increases the release of choline, but not Pchol, from 1321N1 cells, and down-regulation of protein kinase C blocks the ability of carbachol to stimulate choline production. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca2+ mobilization is involved in mAChR-mediated hydrolysis of PC by a phospholipase C, whereas protein kinase C activation is required for mAChR-stimulated hydrolysis of PC by a phospholipase D. Both carbachol and PMA rapidly increase the formation of [3H]phosphatidic acid ([3H]PA) in cells containing [3H]myristate-labeled PC. [3H]Diacylglycerol ([3H]DAG) levels increase more slowly, suggesting that the predominant pathway for PC hydrolysis is via phospholipase D. When cells are labeled with [3H]myristate and [14C]arachidonate such that there is a much greater 3H/14C ratio in PC compared with the phosphoinositides, the 3H/14C ratio in DAG and PA increases with PMA treatment but decreases in response to carbachol. By analyzing the increase in 3H versus 14C in DAG, we estimate that the DAG that is formed in response to PMA arises largely from PC. Muscarinic receptor activation also causes formation of DAG from PC, but approximately 20% of carbachol-stimulated DAG appears to arise from hydrolysis of the phosphoinositides.
Carbonyl abstraction reactions of Cp*Mo(PMe3)3H with CO2, (CH2O)n, HCO2H, and MeOH: the synthesis of Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)H and the catalytic decarboxylation of formic acid

Abstract Cp*Mo(PMe3)3H undergoes carbonyl abstraction reactions with a variety of reagents, including CO2, (CH2O)n, HCO2H, and MeOH to yield Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)H. The reaction between Cp*Mo(PMe3)3H and HCO2H has been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, which indicates that the initial interaction involves protonation of the molybdenum center to give [Cp*Mo(PMe3)3H2][HCO2]; upon heating to 80 °C, however, [Cp*Mo(PMe3)3H2][HCO2] is converted to the carbonyl complex Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)H. In the presence of excess HCO2H, Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)H reacts further to yield Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)(η1-O2CH); the latter complex undergoes decarboxylation at 80 °C and regenerates Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)H. Thus, Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)H serves as a catalyst for the decomposition of HCO2H to CO2 and H2. Although the formate complex Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)(η1-O2CH) has not been isolated, the molecular structure of the acetate derivative Cp*Mo(PMe3)2(CO)(η1-O2CMe) has been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Female Immigrant Workers and the Law: Limits and Opportunities

This paper explains the reasons that traditional United States labor and employment laws are incapable of effectively addressing the types of workplace problems confronting female immigrant workers. It critiques the protections supposedly offered by the free market, labor standards, antidiscrimination laws and collective bargaining. It argues that statutory exclusion, immigration issues, nonrecognition of injury, and cultural limitations thwart the effectiveness of traditional approaches. It then describes a variety of initiatives and approaches being taken at the domestic and international level that more effectively address these problems. These initiatives include the use of the Thirteenth Amendment and antitrafficking legislation, as well as submissions filed under the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation and other international treaties. This paper will appear as a chapter in the forthcoming book, The Sex of Class: Women Transforming American Labor, edited by Dorothy Sue Cobble, and published by Cornell University Press.
The presence of LAG-3 in nonhuman primates undergoing an active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (HEM4P.252)

Th1 T cells are essential in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infections. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) regulates this response through the diminishment of effector T cells and the impairment of monocyte differentiation. We hypothesize that LAG-3 up-regulation within Mtb infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) will suppress the Th1 portion of the host immune response resulting in conditions that favor the pathogen and create active tuberculosis (TB) within the host. Here we are studying LAG-3 expression in rhesus macaques infected with aerosolized Mtb . We have chosen the macaque model due to their similarities to humans in the spectrum of TB disease, as well as the architecture of Mtb induced lung granulomas. Previous studies have implied that LAG-3 may have a role in the activation of Mtb infections. There is increasing evidence that up-regulation of LAG-3 occurs in the lungs of animals experiencing TB activation. Further investigation of the lung tissue of these infected animals with fluorescent immunohistochemistry visualized with confocal microscopy has illustrated LAG-3 to be largely present within the outer periphery of the lung. Cells expressing LAG-3 have shown to include T cells and NK cells, with large numbers of these cells appearing in close vicinity to certain populations of antigen presenting cells. These results show that in animals undergoing TB activation, LAG-3 has potential to play an immunomodulatory role in this process.
High accuracy earth rotation and atmospheric angular momentum

Recent advances in the measurement and interpretation of Earth rotation and polar motion are highlighted here, focusing on short period fluctuations and their relation with changes in the global atmospheric angular momentum (AAM). Particular emphasis and attention are placed on data acquired during the MERIT campaign (September 1983 — October 1984). The modern space geodetic techniques have achieved unprecented accuracy and precision; intercomparisons of the recent MERIT results indicate that Earth orientation is currently determined with an accuracy of ~ 5 cm. High-quality estimates of the atmospheric excitation of Earth rotation and polar motion are provided by the routine analysis of global weather data for operational weather forecasting. Fluctuations in Earth rotation over the time scale of a year or less are dominated by atmospheric effects; the agreement between changes in length of day (LOD) and AAM estimates is striking. In contrast, comparisons between geodetic and meteorological estimates of the excitation of the polar motion are as yet not as satisfactory, indicating the presence of challenging “Vinsolved problems.” The presence of rapid high frequency fluctuations in the polar motion excitation pressure term is noted, these are marginally detectable by the modern geodetic techniques.
Contact angles for evaporating liquids predicted and compared with existing experiments

The stationary meniscus of an evaporating, perfectly wetting system exhibits an apparent contact angle Θ which vanishes with the applied temperature difference ΔT, and is maintained for ΔT > 0 by a small-scale flow driven by evaporation. Existing theory predicts Θ and the heat flow q∗ from the contact region as the solution of a free-boundary problem. Though that theory admits the possibility that Θ and q∗ are determined at the same scale, we show that, in practice, a separation of scales gives the theory an inner and outer structure; Θ is determined within an inner region contributing a negligible fraction of the total evaporation, but q∗ is determined at larger scales by conduction across an outer liquid wedge subtending an angle Θ. The existence of a contact angle can thus be assumed for computing the heat flow; the problems for Θ and q∗ decouple. We analyse the inner problem to derive a formula for Θ as a function of ΔT and material properties; the formula agrees closely with numerical solutions of the existing theory. Though microphysics must be included in the model of the inner region to resolve a singularity in the hydrodynamic equations, Θ is insensitive to microphysical detail because the singularity is weak. Our analysis shows that Θ is determined chiefly by the capillary number Ca = μlVl/σ based on surface tension σ, liquid viscosity μl and a velocity scale Vl set by evaporation kinetics. To illustrate this result of our asymptotic analysis, we show that computed angles lie close to the curve Θ = 2.2Ca1/4; a small scatter of ±15% about that curve is the only hint that Θ depends on microphysics. To test our scaling relation, we use film profiles measured by Kim (1994) to determine experimental values of Θ and Ca; these are the first such values to be published for the evaporating meniscus. Agreement between theory and experiment is adequate; the difference is less than ±40% for 9 of 15 points, while the scatter within experimental values is ±25%.
Impact of situational constraints on subjective and objective criteria of managerial job performance

Laboratory research has consistently indicated that situational constraints may have a substantial impact on performance criteria. However, little research has attempted to study situational constraints in organizational field settings, and no field research to date has examined their influence upon objective performance criteria. The effects of situational constraints on supervisory appraisals, self-ratings, and objective performance criteria were investigated for a sample of 438 branch managers from a large finance company. A Hotelling T2 statistic indicated significant effects for situational constraints on the performance criteria of the study. Conventional t tests revealed significant differences between groups of managers from high- and low-constraint settings on supervisory appraisal ratings, self-appraisals, and one objective measure of performance (i.e., past due control). The study's contributions to the literature on the relationship between situational constraints and performance are discussed.
The Elmo family forms an ancient group of actin-regulating proteins

The Elmo protein family members are important mediators of small G protein activity, regulating actin-mediated processes such as chemotaxis and engulfment. Until recently,1 Elmo function has not been explored in professional phagocytes such as Dictyostelium discoideum. We discuss the significance of this family with respect to pathways that regulate Rac signaling, we present a comparison of Elmo proteins between representative taxa, and discuss our findings on ElmoA, one of six Elmo proteins found in D. discoideum.
Buoyancy-induced flow adjacent to a horizontal surface submerged in porous medium saturated with cold water

Abstract Transport calculations are given for laminar boundary-layer, buoyancy-induced flow adjacent to heated or cooled horizontal surfaces submerged in a porous medium saturated with cold water wherein a density extremum may arise. The results demonstrate for the first time the existence of ‘inner region of normal velocity component reversal’. This is also shown to arise for all natural convection flows adjacent to horizontal surfaces. It is noted that the Prandtl number Pr = v α 1 does not appear as an additional parameter in this formulation. A temperature parameter R expresses the relation between imposed temperatures t0 and t∞ and the extremum temperature tm. Calculations are made for both the isothermal and uniform flux surface conditions, over a wide range of R, including buoyancy force reversal conditions. For an isothermal surface, the transport results for 0 ⩽ R ⩽ 0.08 and 0.288 ⩽ R ⩽ 0.5 include buoyancy force reversal regions. The characteristics of these two subregions are found to be different. Detailed tabulations of transport parameters are included for both the isothermal and uniform flux surface conditions. These new results are compared with those resulting from the conventional Boussinesq buoyancy force approximation.
Malarial Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase SUBSTRATE AND INHIBITOR SPECIFICITY

The malarial parasite relies onde novo pyrimidine biosynthesis to maintain its pyrimidine pools, and unlike the human host cell it is unable to scavenge preformed pyrimidines. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the oxidation of dihydroorotate (DHO) to produce orotate, a key step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. The enzyme is located in the outer membrane of the mitochondria of the malarial parasite. To characterize the biochemical properties of the malarial enzyme, an N-terminally truncated version of P. falciparum DHODH has been expressed as a soluble, active enzyme in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme binds 0.9 molar equivalents of the cofactor FMN and it has a pH maximum of 8.0 (k cat 8 s−1, K m app DHO (40–80 μm)). The substrate specificity of the ubiquinone cofactor ( CoQn) that is required for the oxidation of FMN in the second step of the reaction was also determined. The isoprenoid (n) length of CoQn was a determinant of reaction efficiency; CoQ4, CoQ6 and decylubiquinone ( CoQD) were efficiently utilized in the reaction, however cofactors lacking an isoprenoid tail (CoQ0 and vitamin K3) showed decreased catalytic efficiency resulting from a 4 to 7-fold increase in K m app . Five potent inhibitors of mammalian DHODH, Redoxal , dichloroallyl lawsone ( DCL ), and three analogs of A77 1726 were tested as inhibitors of the malarial enzyme. All five compounds were poor inhibitors of the malarial enzyme, with IC50's ranging from 0.1–1.0 mm. The IC50 values for inhibition of the malarial enzyme are 102-104-fold higher than the values reported for the mammalian enzyme, demonstrating that inhibitor binding to DHODH is species specific. These studies provide direct evidence that the malarial DHODH active site is different from the host enzyme, and that it is an attractive target for the development of new anti-malarial agents.
C-myc amplification in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of its occurrence and prognostic relevance

C-myc amplification in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of its occurrence and prognostic relevance
Anti-DNA antibodies form immune deposits at distinct glomerular and vascular sites.

To investigate the capacity of lupus autoAb to produce glomerular immune deposits (ID) and nephritis, 24 murine monoclonal (m) anti-DNA antibodies (Ab), derived from either MRL-lpr/lpr, SNF1 or NZB lupus-prone mice and selected based on properties shared with nephritogenic Ig, were administered i.p. (as hybridomas) and i.v. (as purified Ig) to normal mice; at least four mice/mAb were evaluated. Three general patterns of immune deposit formation (IDF) were observed: extracellular ID within glomeruli (+/- blood vessels, N = 8); intranuclear ID (N = 5); or minimal or no ID (N = 11). The four MRL m anti-DNA Ab that produced significant extracellular ID demonstrated different disease profiles including: (a) mesangial and subendothelial ID with anti-basement membrane staining, associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis, PMN infiltration, and proteinuria; (b) diffuse fine granular mesangial and extraglomerular vascular ID, associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis and proteinuria; (c) dense intramembranous ID and intraluminal ID, associated with capillary wall thickening, mesangial interposition and expansion, aneurysmal dilatation and intraluminal occlusion of glomerular capillary loops, and heavy proteinuria; and (d) mesangial and extraglomerular vascular ID, associated with mild segmental mesangial expansion, without proteinuria. These MRL mAb were derived from four different mice, and they had variable pIs and isotypes. They all cross reacted with multiple autoantigens (autoAg), however, their autoAg binding profiles were distinguishable. Among the SNF1 derived mAb, four produced histologically and clinically indistinguishable disease characterized by diffuse mesangial and capillary wall ID, associated with cellular proliferation/infiltration and proteinuria. Three of the four mAb were derived from the same mouse and were clonally related; they were: IgG2b with SWR allotype, relatively cationic, highly cross reactive with similar Ag binding patterns, idiotypically related and encoded by identical VH and nearly identical VL sequences. We conclude that both the capacity of lupus autoAb to form ID and the location of IDF are dependent on properties unique to individual Ig. The results also indicate that the Ag binding region of the autoAb is influential in this process, and they suggest that multiple Ab-Ag interactions contribute to IDF in individuals with lupus nephritis. Furthermore, these observations raise the possibility that the pathologic and clinical abnormalities resulting from these interactions are influenced by the location of IDF, and that the dominant interaction, in a given individual, may be highly influential in the phenotypic expression of nephritis.
Pairs of matrices which do not admit a complementary triangular form

Abstract We characterize certain pairs of square complex valued matrices which do not admit a complementary triangular form.
Otitis media in premature infants

The prevalence of otitis media in premature infants of 1,001 to 1,500 grams birth weight was investigated by examining 49 petrous temporal bones, including the ear drum, from 28 unselected cases. Microscopic examination of histologic sections revealed pus in the cavities of the middle ear from 19 of the 28 cases. The high prevalence of otitis media in this group of premature infants suggests that infection may play an important role in premature morbidity and mortality.
The Challenge of Laser Guide Stars for Astronomy

This paper will review the principals of laser beacon adaptive optics for astronomy, the current state of the art and the requirements of laser systems for the next generation of optical telescopes.
Prose and cons: Use of poetry in existential-humanistic therapy for prisoners

The existential-humanistic perspective can be applied in therapeutic work done within the prison population. The author uses poetry as an effective tool to inspire deeper inner awareness of the prisoner's opportunity to find greater meaning through their experience of incarceration. This exploration and the sharing of their thoughts in the group setting provide a powerful tool to combat the circle of recidivism.
On the generation of surface waves by shear flows

A mechanism for the generation of surface waves by a parallel shear flow U(y) is developed on the basis of the inviscid Orr-Sommerfeld equation. It is found that the rate at which energy is transferred to a wave of speed c is proportional to the profile curvature -U"(y) at that elevation where U = c. The result is applied to the generation of deep-water gravity waves by wind. An approximate solution to the boundary value problem is developed for a logarithmic profile and the corresponding spectral distribution of the energy transfer coefficient calculated as a function of wave speed. The minimum wind speed for the initiation of gravity waves against laminar dissipation in water having negligible mean motion is found to be roughly 100cm/sec. A spectral mean value of the sheltering coefficient, as defined by Munk, is found to be in order-of-magnitude agreement with total wave drag measurements of Van Dorn. It is concluded that the model yields results in qualitative agreement with observation, but truly quantitative comparisons would require a more accurate solution of the boundary value problem and more precise data on wind profiles than are presently available. The results also may have application to the flutter of membranes and panels.
Preparative-scale high-performance liquid chromatography of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid esters derived from fish oil.

Abstract Marine triglyceride-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters were separated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography on a 25-μm octadecyl stationary phase using a ternary isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-water (466:233:300, v/v/v). The highest purity first-run fractions obtained were ethyl esters of the major marine polyunsaturates eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3, 97.7%) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3, 93.7%), and the minor polyunsaturate octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4ω3, 98.1%).
Diversity, Privilege, and Us: Collaborative Curriculum Transformation Among Educational Leadership Faculty

In this article we describe an educational leadership faculty’s collective efforts to improve its curriculum by examining meanings, implications, and challenges of sociocultural identity differences for its graduate programs in educational leadership. We employed a case study method to examine the process and interim effects of faculty engagement in a diversity across the curriculum project. This study was completed after the second academic year of a multiyear process. The analysis and interpretation of data revealed themes of identity privilege, silence relative to privilege, and organizational and curricular change. Implications and resulting recommendations derive from an analysis of the enabling and inhibiting factors involved in this curricular change process.1
A Suboptimal N-Step-Ahead Cautious Controller for Adaptive Control Applications

// there is little a priori knowledge of the plant parameters, the performance of certainty equivalence based adaptive control­ lers during the transient period, before the parameter estimates have converged, is usually less than adequate. This paper intro­ duces a new suboptimal loss function with an N-step-ahead prediction horizon, similar in principle to standard predictive control loss functions, for adaptive control applications. How­ ever, the new loss function is modified so that the resulting control law possesses caution in the sense that the uncertainty in the parameter estimates is taken into account automatically. As such, the cautious controller achieves more robust perfor­ mance than the corresponding certainty equivalence controller during the transient period when there is large uncertainty in the parameter estimates. The new cautious controller has a closed-form solution that involves only slightly more computa­ tional expense than the corresponding certainty equivalence predictive controller.
DND-CAT's new triple area detector system for simultaneous data collection at multiple length scales

The DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) built and currently manages sector 5 at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. One of the principal techniques supported by DND-CAT is Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS), with an emphasis on simultaneous data collection over a wide azimuthal and reciprocal space range using a custom SAXS/WAXS detector system. A new triple detector system is now in development, and we describe the key parameters and characteristics of the new instrument, which will be faster, more flexible, more robust, and will improve q-space resolution in a critical reciprocal space regime between the traditional WAXS and SAXS ranges.
P2Cast: peer-to-peer patching for video on demand service

Providing video on demand (VoD) service over the Internet in a scalable way is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose P2Cast--an architecture that uses a peer-to-peer approach to cooperatively stream video using patching techniques, while only relying on unicast connections among peers. We address the following two key technical issues in P2Cast: (1) constructing an application overlay appropriate for streaming; and (2) providing continuous stream playback (without glitches) in the face of disruption from an early departing client. Our simulation experiments show that P2Cast can serve many more clients than traditional client-server unicast service, and that it generally out-performs multicast-based patching if clients can cache more than 10% of a stream's initial portion. We handle disruptions by delaying the start of playback and applying the shifted forwarding technique. The threshold in P2Cast, i.e., the length of time during which arriving clients form a single session, can serve as a "knob" to adjust the balance between the scalability and the clients' viewing quality.
EVOLUTION OF THE FUCACEAE (PHAEOPHYCEAE) INFERRED FROM nrDNA‐ITS

Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were obtained from 16 species representing all six genera of Fucaceae (Ascophyllum, Fucus, Hesperophycus, Pelvetia, Pelvetiopsis, and Xiphophora) plus one outgroup (Hormosira). Parsimony analysis indicated that the family Fucaceae is monophyletic and that the northern hemisphere taxa are highly divergent from the only southern hemisphere genus, Xiphophora. The genus Pelvetia is not monophyletic because the European P. canaliculata is more closely related to Fucus, Hesperophycus, and Pelvetiopsis than to other Pelvetia species. We establish Silvetia, gen. nov. and transfer the 3 Pacific species of Pelvetia to the new genus. Fucus is monophyletic and not ancestral in the Fucaceae. The ITS sequences identified two strongly supported lineages within Fucus, one with F. serratus sister to the clade containing F. gardneri, F. distichus, and F. evanescens and a second including F. vesiculosus, F. spiralis, F. ceranoides, and F. virsoides. The ITS was not useful for resolving relationships within each of these clusters and between populations of F. vesiculosus. Within-individual variation in ITS sequences is high in Fucus, a derived genus, compared to Ascophyllum, a more ancestral genus. Mapping of the two characters that form the basis of Powell’s model for speciation in the Fucaceae showed that 1) number of eggs per oogonium has not followed a gradual reduction and that 2) monoecy/dioecy has changed several times during evolution of this family.
Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England

Amanda Vickery, Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England (2009), 368 (Yale University Press, $45.00, paperback $28.00). At Home with the Georgians (BBC documentary series, three parts, 2011...
Hard diffraction at CDF

Recently published and new preliminary results from the analyses of diffractive events selected with a central or a forward rapidity gap are summarized. New measurements of the ratio of dijet production in single diffractive and non-diffractive events obtained from the Roman Pot data are discussed.
Built-in active sensing diagnostic system for civil infrastructure systems

A reliable, robust monitoring system can improve the maintenance of and provide safety protection for civil structures and therefore prolong their service lives. A built-in, active sensing diagnostic technique for civil structures has been under investigation. In this technique, piezoelectric materials are used as sensors/actuators to receive and generate signals. The transducers are embedded in reinforced concrete (RC) beams and are designed to detect damage, particularly debonding damage between the reinforcing bars and concrete. This paper presents preliminary results from a feasibility study of the technology. Laboratory experiments performed on RC beams, with piezo-electric sensors and actuators mounted on reinforced steel bars, have clearly demonstrated that the proposed technique could detect debonding damage. Analytical work, using a special purpose finite-element software, PZFlex, was also conducted to interpret the relationship between the measured data and actual debonding damage. Effectiveness of the proposed technique for detecting debonding damage in civil structures has been demonstrated.
Absence of REM Rebound after Barbiturate Withdrawal

Administration of three different barbiturates reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Drug withdrawal led to a return to baseline REM] values without significant overshoot. Similar results are observed with administration of benzodiazepines in pharmacologically equivalent dosages; therefore, a distinction between these two drug classes on the basis of withdrawal effects on the sleep electroencephalogram appears unwarranted. Further investigation is required determine why high REM levels are sometimes associated with the withdrawal of sedative-hypnotic agents.
A Quest for Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Cell Cycle Regulator, P27

Hearing loss is primarily caused by alteration of inner ear hair cells (HC). Humans and other mammals cannot spontaneously regenerate damaged hair cells. However, chicken, fish and amphibians have the ability to regenerate the damaged sensory HCs and recover their hearing.In mice, HC and SC progenitors exit the cell cycle between embryonic days 12 and 14 and do not proliferate thereafter. This stage of development correlates very well with the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor, p27Kip1 (p27), in the organ of Corti, suggesting that p27 plays a role in terminal differentiation in this tissue. This hypothesis is supported by studies in which inactivation of p27 in mouse postnatal SCs or HCs has led to cell proliferation and HC regeneration, revealing the potential of p27 small molecule inhibitors (therapeutic drugs) for regeneration of functional HCs in mammalian vertebrates.Protein p27 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that inhibits the enzymatic catalytic activity of nuclear Cdk2/cyclin E (and A) complexes, blocking progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle and accounting for the ability of p27 to enforce cell cycle arrest.We hypothesize that small molecules which bind specifically and tightly to p27 will compete for its binding and thus activate Cdk/cyclin complexes. Such small molecules have potential as transient inhibitors of p27-mediated cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation, and may serve to initiate HC regeneration in the hearing system. We are using fragment-based drug discovery methods, utilizing NMR spectroscopy as the primary screening technique. After the validation of initial fragment hits we used cheminformatics analysis to identify 2nd generation inhibitors. We seek to demonstrate that p27, a prototype IDP, is a “druggable” target and that its function can be modulated by small molecules in vivo.
A Comparative Analysis of Restaurant Websites and Hospitality School Restaurant Websites

Abstract This is a comparative analysis of industry restaurant websites and academic restaurant websites. The sites were evaluated with over 400 individual criteria in seven major categories including: technical specifications, technology used, site attractiveness, ease of navigation, ease of contact, marketing effectiveness, and legal compliance. This study highlights the areas where the sites are performing well, and those areas in need of improvement. By creating an index it is possible to compare industry and academic sites and create a “best practices” standard for comparison.
Numerical noise reduction via diffraction for surface profiling interferometry

Phase profiles obtained by phase shifting interferometry often include undesirable concentric ripple-noises, like "bull's-eye patterns" which are caused by scattering from defects on surfaces of optical elements in interferometers. We propose a numerical technique for reducing these bull's-eye noises via numerical diffraction. This technique is applicable to phase data obtained from all types of interferometer, since it only needs the phase data itself. We experimentally demonstrate that this technique is effective in elimination of bull's-eye noises from interferometer data. This technique is applicable to the data obtained from digital holography as well.
Comparative analysis of automotive paints by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and nonparametric permutation tests

Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been investigated for the discrimination of automobile paint samples. Paint samples from automobiles of different makes, models, and years were collected and separated into sets based on the color, presence or absence of effect pigments and the number of paint layers. Twelve LIBS spectra were obtained for each paint sample, each an average of a five single shot “drill down” spectra from consecutive laser ablations in the same spot on the sample. Analyses by a nonparametric permutation test and a parametric Wald test were performed to determine the extent of discrimination within each set of paint samples. The discrimination power and Type I error were assessed for each data analysis method. Conversion of the spectral intensity to a log-scale (base 10) resulted in a higher overall discrimination power while observing the same significance level. Working on the log-scale, the nonparametric permutation tests gave an overall 89.83% discrimination power with a size of Type I error being 4.44% at the nominal significance level of 5%. White paint samples, as a group, were the most difficult to differentiate with the power being only 86.56% followed by 95.83% for black paint samples. Parametric analysis of the data set produced lower discrimination (85.17%) with 3.33% Type I errors, which is not recommended for both theoretical and practical considerations. The nonparametric testing method is applicable across many analytical comparisons, with the specific application described here being the pairwise comparison of automotive paint samples.
Body weight and height data in electronic medical records of children.

Objective. Data entry errors may occur in body weights and heights assessed during routine medical care. These errors may affect data quality markedly and create a large number of biologically impl...