cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is recitation an effective tool for adult learners

a b s t r a c t The effects of recitation on subsequent recall were examined in 4 experiments modeled after those of Gates (1917). Participants underwent a study phase, a recitation phase, and a test phase. During the recitation phase participants were to attempt to recall the previously studied material and then to restudy it when they could not recall any new information. They were encouraged to switch between recalling and restudying. The proportion of the total acquisition time that was spent in recitation was varied. Unlike the classic findings reported by Gates (1917) in schoolchildren, there was no consistent evidence that recitation enhanced learning in these adult learners.
Energetics of early development in the viviparous yellowtail rockfish

Total mean gestation period of all female yellowtail rockfish Sebastes flavidus, from fertilization to parturition, was 29.2 days. Hatching occurred 23 days after fertilization, followed by 6 days of larval incubation. Eggs varied in dry mass and energy content with lipid concentrations contributing the greatest amount of energy per egg. The endogenous energy of the yolk and oil globule declined throughout gestation resulting in limited yolk and oil reserves at parturition.
Laser Physics for Materials Scientists: A Primer

Laser processing of materials has achieved significant successes in pulsed laser deposition, micro- and nanostructuring and surface modification and analysis. However, materials scientists often do not think about the physics of those lasers, which determines their properties and therefore also the way in which these lasers can be employed in laser processing. This chapter discusses the essential theory of laser gain, oscillation and amplification, and provides examples drawn from lasers now frequently used in materials processing. The implications for the design of new lasers and new materials-processing strategies are considered, using the example of a picosecond laser system for polymer processing.
Are chemokines the third major system in the brain

Chemokines are a family of small proteins involved in cellular migration and intercellular communication. Although the chemokines and their receptors are located throughout the brain, they are not distributed uniformly. Among the chemokines and their receptors that are arrayed disproportionately in glia and neurons are monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1, interferon-gamma-inducible-protein-10/CXCL10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha/CCL3, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted/CCL5. In the brain, they are found in the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, limbic system, hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, and cerebellum. The uneven distribution suggests that there may be functional roles for the chemokine "system," comprised of chemokine ligands and their receptors. In addition to anatomical, immunohistochemical, and in vitro studies establishing the expression of the chemokine ligands and receptors, there is an increasing body of research that suggests that the chemokine system plays a crucial role in brain development and function. Our data indicate that the chemokine system can alter the actions of neuronally active pharmacological agents including the opioids and cannabinoids. Combined with evidence that the chemokine system in the brain interacts with neurotransmitter systems, we propose the following hypothesis: The endogenous chemokine system in the brain acts in concert with the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems to govern brain function. The chemokine system can thus be thought of as the third major transmitter system in the brain.
Effects of lateral velocity heterogeneity under the Nevada Test Site on short-period P wave amplitudes and travel times

Short-period teleseismicP waves from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) show systematic variations in amplitudes and travel times, with low amplitudes corresponding to fast travel times, suggesting elastic focussing-defocussing effects. Also, the azimuthal amplitude and travel time patterns for events at the Pahute Mesa subsite are systematically different from those at the Yucca Flat subsite, indicating the presence of a near-source component in both the amplitude and travel-time variations. This component is isolated by removing the mean station pattern for all of NTS from the observations. A very-near-source component in the Pahute Mesa observations is also isolated by removing subsite station means from the measurements, whereas the Yucca Flat observations exhibited no coherent very-near-source component. These anomalies are back-projected through laterally homogeneous structure to form thin lens models at various depths. Travel-time delays are predicted from the amplitude variations using the equation for wavefront curvature. The long-wavelength components of the predicted and observed time delays correlate well, at depths of 25 km for the very-near-source component under Pahute Mesa and 160 km for the regional component under NTS. The time delay surfaces predicted by the amplitudes at these depths are mapped into warped velocity discontinuities suitable for the calculation of synthetic seismograms using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral formulation. Both the intersite (near-source) and intrasite (very-near-source) differences in amplitudes are qualitatively predicted very well, although the range of variation is somewhat underpredicted. This deficiency is likely due to the destructive interference of anomalies inherent in back-projection to a single layer.
RSD: A Metric for Achieving Range-Free Localization beyond Connectivity

Wireless sensor networks have been considered as a promising tool for many location-dependent applications. In such deployments, the requirement of low system cost prohibits many range-based methods for sensor node localization; on the other hand, range-free approaches depending only on radio connectivity may underutilize the proximity information embedded in neighborhood sensing. In response to these limitations, this paper introduces a proximity metric called RSD to capture the distance relationships among 1-hop neighboring nodes in a range-free manner. With little overhead, RSD can be conveniently applied as a transparent supporting layer for state-of-the-art connectivity-based localization solutions to achieve better accuracy. We implemented RSD with three well-known algorithms and evaluated using two outdoor test beds: an 850-foot-long linear network with 54 MICAz motes, and a regular 2D network covering an area of 10,000 square feet with 49 motes. Results show that our design helps eliminate estimation ambiguity with a subhop resolution, and reduces localization errors by as much as 35 percent. In addition, simulations confirm its effectiveness for large-scale networks and reveal an interesting feature of robustness under unevenly distributed radio path loss.
OLDER WOMEN AND DRIVING CESSATION

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived-experience of driving cessation for older women. A qualitative, collective case study method was used. From in-depth interviews of former drivers, three categories of themes emerged: driving history, the process of stopping driving, and the experience of being a non-driver. Overall, the women had felt comfortable and skilled behind the wheel and they missed driving. Adaptation came easiest to those who planned ahead for driving cessation and made the decision voluntarily. Remaining independent and mobile were important considerations in the decision to stop driving. Many of the women regularly use formal transit services although riding with friends provides a social context. Family is not the preferred choice for transportation except in an emergency or for basic care. Social workers must acknowledge the importance women place on their independence when helping them work through issues of driving cessation.
Market Syndicalism and Market Imbalances

The endogenous relationship between income-per-worker (Y) and product price (E’) under labor management or, more broadly, market syndicalism, causes P to play a critical role in clearing product and labor markets. The level of P that clears the product market, however, may differ from the level of P required for the labor market to clear. Since only one value of P can prevail at a time, clearing of the product market does not ensure clearing of the labor market, and vice versa. The analysis of divergent equilibria is extended to include government. Tax/subsidy instruments can be used to achieve general equilibrium in a syndicalist economy, but resulting fiscal imbalances may require additional forms of intervention.
Inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 high temperature polymer at 316 °C

The strain rate (time)-dependent mechanical behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a thermoset polymer, was investigated at 316 °C. In order to investigate the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15, experimental program was designed to explore the effect of prior strain rate on monotonic loading and unloading, and relaxation behaviors. In addition, the recovery of strain at zero stress and the creep behavior following strain controlled loading were examined. The material exhibits positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading and unloading. Early failures occur in the inelastic regime. The recovery of strain and creep response are profoundly influenced by prior strain rate. The material does not exhibit strain rate history effect. The prior strain rate also has a strong influence on the relaxation behavior.
Multiwave Establishment Surveys of Police Organizations

This article discusses the use of multiwave establishment surveys of American police organizations. It presents a definition and brief history of this set of methodologies, then discusses some of t...
Algorithm-Based Fault Tolerance for Fail-Stop Failures

Fail-stop failures in distributed environments are often tolerated by checkpointing or message logging. In this paper, we show that fail-stop process failures in ScaLAPACK matrix-matrix multiplication kennel can be tolerated without checkpointing or message logging. It has been proved in previous algorithm-based fault tolerance that, for matrix-matrix multiplication, the checksum relationship in the input checksum matrices is preserved at the end of the computation no mater which algorithm is chosen. From this checksum relationship in the final computation results, processor miscalculations can be detected, located, and corrected at the end of the computation. However, whether this checksum relationship can be maintained in the middle of the computation or not remains open. In this paper, we first demonstrate that, for many matrix matrix multiplication algorithms, the checksum relationship in the input checksum matrices is not maintained in the middle of the computation. We then prove that, however, for the outer product version algorithm, the checksum relationship in the input checksum matrices can be maintained in the middle of the computation. Based on this checksum relationship maintained in the middle of the computation, we demonstrate that fail-stop process failures (which are often tolerated by checkpointing or message logging) in ScaLAPACK matrix-matrix multiplication can be tolerated without checkpointing or message logging.
Automated left ventricle boundary delineation

Automated left ventricle (LV) boundary delineation from left ventriculograms has been studied for decades. Unfortunately, no methods in terms of the accuracy about volume and ejection fraction have ever been reported. A new knowledge based multi-stage method to automatically delineate the LV boundary at end diastole and end systole is discussed in this paper: It has a mean absolute boundary error of about 2 mm and an associated ejection fraction error of about 6%. The method makes extensive use of knowledge about LV shape and movement. The processing includes a multi-image pixel region classification, a shape regression and a rejection classification. The method was trained and tested on a database of 375 studies whose ED and ES boundary have been manually traced as the ground truth. The cross-validated results presented in this paper shows that the accuracy is close to and slightly above inter-observer variability.
Performance analysis of a large interconnected network by decomposition techniques

A study that models the possible configurations of a proposed packet-transport-equipment (PTE)-based university campus network is reported. The function of these PTEs is to receive/forward data packets from/to remote LANs or workstations. The objective is to determine whether the traffic capacity of the proposed network can handle the projected university workload, how different applications impact network load, and where the potential system bottlenecks are. The modeling approach taken treats the interconnected LANs as a hierarchy with the fiber (backbone) ring as the apex. Both analytical and simulation models are developed, with simulation being preferred as the workloads approach saturation conditions. >
Writing apprehension and occupational choice

Writing apprehension, the apprehension an individual has about the active encoding of written messages, was hypothesized to affect both the desirability and choice of occupations. High writing apprehensives found occupations with low writing requirements significantly more desirable than occupations with high writing demands. A trend, in the opposite direction, for low apprehensive subjects was also observed. Occupational choices of high writing apprehensives were significantly lower in perceived communication requirements than those selected by low writing apprehensives.
Growing Up in the Society of Pediatric Psychology: Reflections of an Early Career Psychologist

D, Pain TreatmentService, Boston Children’s Hospital 21 Autumn St. Boston, MA 02215, USA.E-mail: Laura.Simons@childrens.harvard.eduReceived September 29, 2012; revisions received October 30, 2012; accepted November 6, 2012As an eager undergraduate from Ohio University searchingfor the perfect clinical psychology graduate program, I hadtwo primary criteria: (1) a pediatric psychology focus and(2) one that is located south of the Mason-Dixon Line.I grew up in Ohio and envisioned graduate schools as anopportunity to not only pursue my passion to work withchildren in the medical setting but also to enjoy a warmerclimate. Although I gained valued experience as an under-graduate researcher on my honor’s thesis working in ahealth psychology laboratory with Chris France, P
Role of prostaglandins in exercise-induced core temperature elevation in female Sprague-Dawley rats

Female Sprague-Dawley rats (12:12-h photoperiod; body temperature, BT, measured with biotelemetry) with access to running wheels for 6 wk have an elevated BT (compared with rats with no access to exercise wheels, i.e, sedentary) both during the period of voluntary exercise (nighttime) (0.5 degree C, P = 0.0001) and the nonexercise period (daytime) (0.3 degree C, P = 0.002). To determine whether prostaglandin (PG) E was responsible for any portion of this daytime rise in BT, we injected a dose of sodium salicylate (300 mg/kg), which was shown to produce complete antipyresis in rats injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into exercised and sedentary rats 4 h after the onset of the lights-on period. The injections of sodium salicylate led to a fall in body temperature in both the exercised and sedentary rats of similar amounts (-0.88 degree C vs. -0.61 degree C at 2 h postinjection, P = 0.59). We conclude that the increase in daytime BT of exercised female rats is not mediated by prostaglandins.
BIGNONIA CRUCIGERA: A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY*

Summary A lectotype is chosen for Bignonia crucigera L. which proves to be synonymous with Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Baill. The new combination Pithecoctenium crucigerumn (L.) A. Gentry is proposed for this wellknown neotropical species. Linnaeus' Bignonia crucigera, long a source of taxonomic confusion, has been ignored by recent workers in the family. It has not been lectotypified nor has its correct identity been established. This note traces the convoluted history of Bignonia crucigera and proposes a lectotype for it. Bignonia crucigera proves synonymous with Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Baill. necessitating a new combination in that genus. Preliminary to lectotypification of Bignonia crucigera L. it is helpful to consider the history of its usage. This history provides an instructive example of the difficulties sometimes encountered by early botanists in interpretation of each other's species. Four species in as many genera have been identified with B. crucigera. These include the species now known as Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Baill., Bignonia capreolata L., Tanaecium crucigerum Seem., and (probably) Cydista diversifolia (H.B.K.) Miers.
Current Environmental Threats to Animal Health and Productivity

Livestock can be exposed to literally thousands of environmental contaminants. Fortunately, most do not cause significant livestock morbidity or mortality and relatively few present significant residue concerns in animal products intended for human consumption. Some environmental contaminants, however, present livestock health or residue concerns. The significance of specific environmental contaminants on livestock health and productivity can change with time and unforeseen threats can emerge as new chemicals or technologies are introduced or new knowledge about health effects of established chemicals emerges.
ARM?? Microcontroller Development Kits

This chapter provides general information on software development tools and platforms used for TivaTM TM4C123GXL evaluation board. Many commercial development tools, including the integrated development environment (IDE), debug adapters, compilers, loaders, and runners, are available for the ARM® Cortex®-M4 microcontrollers. The entire development system for ARM® microcontroller can be composed of the following components or tools: development kits or suites, debug adaptor and drivers, specified microcontroller unit (MCU)-related firmware, program examples and development or evaluation boards. The Keil® microcontroller development kit (MDK) is the most comprehensive software development environment for ARM®-based microcontrollers. MDK Version 5 is now split into the MDK core and software packs which make new device support and middleware updates independent from the toolchain. Texas Instruments TivaWareTM software for C Series is an extensive suite of software tools designed to simplify and speed development of TivaTM C Series-based MCU applications.
Image Noise Models

Publisher Summary Noise occurs in images for many reasons. Probably the most frequently occurring noise is additive Gaussian noise. It is widely used to model thermal noise and, under some often reasonable conditions, is the limiting behavior of other noises, e.g., photon counting noise and film grain noise. Gaussian noise is a part of almost any signal. For example, the familiar white noise on a weak television station is well modeled as Gaussian. Since image sensors must count photons—especially in low-light situations—and the number of photons counted is a random quantity, images often have photon counting noise. The grain noise in photographic films is sometimes modeled as Gaussian and sometimes as Poisson. Many images are corrupted by salt and pepper noise, as if someone had sprinkled black and white dots on the image. Other noises include quantization noise and speckle in coherent light situations.
A parallel peptide indexer and decoy generator for crux tide using OpenMP

Target-Decoy database is a common dependable strategy used in Peptide-Spectrum-Matching (PSM) for quality assessment. In this, a set of decoy labeled peptides are injected to the database and indexed along with real peptides. Crux Tide is a fast search engine that supports indexing peptides' database and decoys generation. In Tide, indexing FASTA files and generating decoys is a computationally expensive process. In this paper we first analyze the serial Tide indexer and decoy generator algorithm and, then describe a parallel shared memory solution. Our proposed technique utilizes a clever hashing technique to localize the process, and breaks up the processing dependency among threads. The developed parallel versions are able to reduce the computational complexity by approximately 50% and 25% of the sequential time using 4 and 8 threads, respectively. Moreover, our proposed solution could provide high-performance techniques of peptides' databases partitioning where each parallel unit could search and rank locally and independently.
Generating Control Strategies for Resolution-Based Theorem Provers by Means of Fuzzy Triangle Products and Relational Closures

Resolution theorem prover systems form an important category of logical architectures in the field of Automated Reasoning [1]. In this paper we outline a method for control of inferential strategies of resolution based architectures which employs the triangle fuzzy relational products [2] and fast fuzzy relational algorithms [3]. The method for speeding up the logical inference is tested in conjunction with the theorem provers called ITP and OTTER. ITP (a newer variant of which is called OTTER) has been one of the most important systems in the field [4], developed by Aragonne Laboratory. The ITP was distributed over 200 sites, and used extensively by other workers as publications in the Journal of Automated Reasoning indicate.
Transcriptional mechanisms regulating gene expression and determining cell fates in plant development

Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control transcriptional regulators, target genes, and their interactions provide new insights into general development processes throughout the life cycle of the plant. Although different molecular mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development have been identified, detailed transcriptional mechanisms that control gene expression, modulate developmental programmes, and determine cell fates in plant development are not fully understood. To increase our understanding on transcriptional mechanisms regulating diverse processes in plant development, we have reviewed the regulation of transcription during the process of development including transcriptional mechanisms regulating root, stem, leaf, flower, seed, embryo, endosperm, ovule, fruit, and chloroplast development. We have summarized the interaction, expression, transport, signaling events of transcriptional regulators and their targets in a number of model plants and highlighted the involvement of hormones and microRNAs in plant development. Understanding the precise transcriptional mechanisms regulating gene expression in plant development will be valuable for plant molecular breeding.
Perception differences between buyer and supplier: the effect of agent negotiation styles

This study investigates the effects of individual negotiation styles on a buyer’s stated behaviour and a supplier’s anticipation of the buyer’s behaviours with regard to opportunism and compliance in a multi-echelon production network under different firm-level governance mechanisms. We design a between-subjects matched-scenario experiment to collect data from both sides of a buyer‒supplier dyad. We find that agent negotiation styles do exert influences on opportunism but not compliance. Specifically, we find that the effects of firm-level governing mechanisms dominate the effects of individual negotiation styles with regard to compliance, while individual negotiation styles have influence beyond firm-level governing mechanisms with regard to opportunism. Theoretical contributions of our findings to the current literature and managerial implications to practice are discussed.
Application of compressive seismic imaging at Lookout Field, Alaska

Abstract In 2015, a new seismic data set was acquired over the Lookout Field in Alaska in anticipation of development. The survey was acquired using principles of compressive seismic imaging (CSI). This was the first implementation of this technology on land for ConocoPhillips and was a test of its robustness in Arctic conditions. Although there were challenges specific to CSI in acquisition and processing, the test was a success. Since then, CSI design has been used for multiple surveys. The Lookout survey had general imaging objectives for the overburden and reservoir zone, including increased horizontal and vertical resolution, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and amplitude preservation. There were also specific objectives of a more accurate structural image beneath the Fish Creek Slumps, fault identification in the reservoir, and visibility of reservoir edges. Comparisons of the Lookout 2015 CSI data to the existing exploration-quality legacy data show an overall improved image and that the 2015 survey w...
Morphology and Physiology

An extensive treatment of morphology and physiology was published by Bowley and Taylor (1984). The present treatment will not attempt to duplicate the earlier treatment, but will use it as a framework for presenting the literature published since about 1984.
Substrate-induced strain and charge doping in CVD-grown monolayer MoS2

Due to its electronic-grade quality and potential for scalability, two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely explored for electronic/optoelectronic applications. As 2D MoS2 can be considered a 100% surface, its unique intrinsic properties are inevitably altered by the substrate upon which it is grown. However, systematic studies of substrate-layer interactions in CVD-grown MoS2 are lacking. In this study, we have analyzed built-in strain and charge doping using Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy in 2D MoS2 grown by CVD on four unique substrates: SiO2/Si, sapphire, Muscovite mica, and hexagonal boron nitride. We observed decreasing strain and charge doping in grown MoS2 as the substrates become less rough and more chemically inert. The possible origin of strain was investigated through atomic force microscopy roughness measurements of the as-grown layer and substrate. Our results provide direction for device optimization through careful selection of the ...
Design of Experiments—Factorial Designs

Designs are often described by the number of factors. Chapter 6, “One-Way Analysis of Variance”, discusses designs with one factor. Chapter 12, “Two-Way Analysis of Variance”, discusses designs with two factors. More generally, we speak of “three-way” or “higher-way” designs and talk about main effects (one factor), two-way interactions (two factors), three-way interactions, four-way interactions, and so forth. Factors can have crossed or nested relationships. A factor can be fixed or random. When interaction is significant, its nature must be carefully investigated. If higher-order interactions, meaning those involving more than two factors, can be assumed to be negligible, it is often possible to design experiments that require observations on only a fraction of all possible treatment combinations.
Combining Model Checking and Deduction

There are two basic approaches to automated verification. In model checking, the system is viewed as a graph representing possible execution steps. Properties are established by exploring or traversing the graph structure. In deduction, both the system and its putative properties are represented by formulas in a logic, and the resulting proof obligations are discharged by decision procedures or by automated or semi-automated proof construction. Model checking sacrifices expressivity for greater automation, and with deduction it is vice versa. Newer techniques combine deductive and model-checking approaches to achieve greater scale, expressivity, and automation. We examine the logical foundations of the two approaches and explore their similarities, differences, and complementarities. The presentation is directed at students and researchers who are interested in understanding the research challenges at the intersection of deduction and model checking.
Answer Set Planning in Single- and Multi-agent Environments

We present the main ideas of answer set planning in both single- and multi-agent environments. Specifically, we describe a systematic translation of a dynamic domain—given as set of statements in an action language such as $$\mathcal{B}$$ —into a logic program which can be used for planning and other reasoning tasks (e.g., diagnosis) given the dynamic domain. We illustrate the issues of answer set planning in different settings and their solutions using a well-known problem domain, the Kiva robot system.
Bidirectional Same-Gender and Sexual Minority Intimate Partner Violence

Abstract While research repeatedly finds that intimate partner violence (IPV) rates are elevated in same-gender relationships (SG-IPV) and in the relationships of sexual minorities (SM-IPV), it is ...
Considering the Roles of Structure in Problem Solving by Computer

This chapter presents a tiered view of the roles of structure in genetic programming. This view can be used to frame theory on how some problems are more difficult than others for genetic programming to solve. This chapter subsequently summarizes my group’s current theoretical work at the University of Michigan and extends the implications of that work to real-world problem solving.
Trauma, Sepsis, and Immune Defects

Traumatic injury and burns remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and despite modern techniques of resuscitation and intensive care and an ever increasing number of powerful and effective antibiotics nearly 80% of deaths that occur in trauma and burn patients more than 7 days after injury are caused by sepsis [1]. During the past 10 years the longstanding clinical assumption that host defenses against invading microorganisms were impaired following severe injury has become grounded in fact through the study of injured patients and appropriate animal models. Abnormalities in both specific and nonspecific mechanisms of defense against microorganisms have been described by a number of laboratories, including our own. Nonspecific mechanisms include function of polymorphonuclear [2–4] and mononuclear phagocytes [5–6], natural killer cells [7–9], and products of complement activation [10–13]. Specific defense mechanisms include antibody formation by B lymphocytes [14–16], direct microbial killing by T lymphocytes, and T lymphocyte activation of mononuclear phagocytes [17–19].
Prevalence of Self-Reported Hypertension in Deaf Adults Who Use American Sign Language.

Background In the United States, roughly one-third of adults have hypertension; another third have prehypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users is unknown. We address this gap through a descriptive study for the prevalence of hypertension in the American Deaf community and discuss future directions to address this issue. Methods Self-reported data for 1,388 ASL using deaf adults were compared with a secondary data of 2,830 English-speaking hearing adults. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the prevalence of hypertension in the deaf community. Age-weighted analysis was used to compare unmodifiable risk factors and hypertension rate between deaf and hearing adults. Results Deaf and hearing samples' hypertension rates for gender and age were similar. Significant group differences between deaf and hearing samples emerged across race. Compared with the hearing controls, our deaf sample demonstrated a significantly decreased risk for hypertension with a prevalence of 37% (compared with 45% in the hearing sample). Conclusions Although the hypertension rate for gender and age was similar across deaf and hearing samples, between-group disparities exist for race. The lower rate of hypertension in our deaf sample is likely a consequence of underdiagnoses due to lower health literacy and poor patient-physician communication. Furthermore, deaf black Americans' lower rates compared with hearing black Americans may be due to poor patient-physician communication, not having regular providers or social stressors. It is recommended that modifiable risk factors and social determinants be investigated to determine their effect on hypertension within the deaf community.
Laparoscopic Peritoneal Dialysis Surgery is Safe and Effective in Patients with Prior Abdominal Surgery

Background Despite the lower cost, improved early survival, and preservation of the remaining kidney function, peritoneal dialysis is used by only 8.8% of the dialysis population in the USA. Intraabdominal adhesions reported in 70–90% of patients with prior abdominal surgery (PAS) reduce the peritoneal surface area and may increase the intraoperative and postoperative morbidity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis (LPD) catheter placement in patients with and without PAS. Methods Patients who had LPD catheters placed between January 2014 and August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the revision-free catheter survival (RFCS) and revision-assisted catheter survival (RACS) between the 2 groups. Results One hundred forty-two patients had had LPD catheter placed during the study time, 82 (58%) with PAS. Lysis of adhesions (LOA) was required in 26 patients (28%) with PAS. Demographics and comorbidities were similar, but more women had PAS (65% vs. 35%, P Conclusions LPD and LOA can be performed safely in patients with multiple PAS. When possible, LPD catheters should be part of the vascular surgery training armamentarium and offered to patients with PAS.
Policy changes in safety enforcement for underground coal mines show mine-size-dependent effects

Abstract The objective of this study is to understand the changes in the safety measures of U.S. underground coal mines across different mine-size categories during the period 2005–2014. Empirical data were collected from the MSHA Address/Employment and Accident/Injury files, for the period 2005–2014. The differences in the means of two normalized safety measures, Non-fatal Days Lost Incident Rate (NFDLIR) and Severity Measure/100(SM/100) as well as the changes in their trends, were examined across five mine-size categories, Very Large, Large, Medium, Small, and Very Small, over the periods 2005–2009 and 2010–2014, before and after the institution of Mine Safety and Health Administration’s (MSHA’s) Impact Inspection program. Both NFDLIRs and SM/100s of the Very Large, Large, Medium, and Small mines were found to be significantly lower in the second period compared to the first period which can be attributed to MSHA’s Impact Inspection program in 2010. No significant differences were found in the NDLFIRs and SMs of Very Small mines from the first period to the second period. A drastic decrease of more than 50% in the SM/100 mean of Small mines in the second period was observed which can be attributed to the closure of several small mines during that period.
Mini Screw: the development of a high-CFM compact compressor for LGWP A1 low pressure refrigerant

Addressing global warming concerns is one of the largest challenges facing the HVAC industry currently. Although A2L refrigerants are important options to consider for certain sizes of HVAC units, there remain many systems that require A1 category refrigerants. Among the several available refrigerants, we looked at DR-12 as one of the attractive refrigerants. Along with it being in the A1 category, its very low GWP value (32) and high cycle performance make it an excellent long-term solution if successfully applied. A significant challenge to overcome with this refrigerant is its low density. DR-12 will require almost 7 times the volumetric flow for the same cooling capacity compared to R410A. The current scroll or rotary technologies are not realistic to be applied in such a low density refrigerant system. The development of a new compact large CFM compressor is key to realize the scope of the project successfully. The authors have explored various types of compression mechanisms and identified screw as one of the most suited technologies for this refrigerant. In order to obtain such large volume flow (19.8L/s, 42CFM), a unique screw rotor design and a high speed PM motor were employed. Innovative bearing design and new compressor layout also enabled the compressor to be compact (c145mm) and cost effective. A prototype compressor was built and tested. This concept delivered 17.6kW (5 ton) capacity at 11,000rpm and 4.4kW (1.25 ton) at 2,500rpm, meeting its target requirements. This paper will introduce details of the compressor concept, along with the test results from a physical prototype.
Utility Scale Interface for Renewables and Storage Using a Power Electronic Transformer with Back-to-Back MMCs: A Novel Proposal and Control Scheme for Virtual Inertia

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into the grid has brought upon the need for synthetic inertia. This is to be meted out by the corresponding power electronic interfaces integrating these Distributed Energy Sources into the grid. In particular, a novel interface scheme using back-to-back MMCs to integrate wind turbines to the collection grid at voltages of 34.5kV has been shown to possess substantial potential for virtual inertia. The large stored potential energy in the virtual dc link between the MMCs is used to emulate the characteristics of a synchronous generator in case of step load changes. Inertial parameters of the back-to-back MMC has been derived enabling comparison with a synchronous generator connected to the grid. A control scheme to provide additional power to emulate the inertial characteristics of a synchronous generator has been developed. The corresponding over-ratings of currents and voltages to support this function have been quantitatively described. Frequency response characteristics due to step load changes in a weak grid has been considerably improved with the proposed interface scheme as verified by simulation results.
Discovery and evaluation of inhibitor of LARP6 as specific antifibrotic compound.

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive production of type I collagen. Biosynthesis of type I collagen in fibrosis is augmented by binding of protein LARP6 to the 5′ stem-loop structure (5′SL), which is found exclusively in type I collagen mRNAs. A high throughput screen was performed to discover inhibitors of LARP6 binding to 5′SL, as potential antifibrotic drugs. The screen yielded one compound (C9) which was able to dissociate LARP6 from 5′ SL RNA in vitro and to inactivate the binding of endogenous LARP6 in cells. Treatment of hepatic stellate cells (liver cells responsible for fibrosis) with nM concentrations of C9 reduced secretion of type I collagen. In precision cut liver slices, as an ex vivo model of hepatic fibrosis, C9 attenuated the profibrotic response at 1 μM. In prophylactic and therapeutic animal models of hepatic fibrosis C9 prevented development of fibrosis or hindered the progression of ongoing fibrosis when administered at 1 mg/kg. Toxicogenetics analysis revealed that only 42 liver genes changed expression after administration of C9 for 4 weeks, suggesting minimal off target effects. Based on these results, C9 represents the first LARP6 inhibitor with significant antifibrotic activity.
Hydroxyurea Use for Sickle Cell Disease Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children

BACKGROUND: Recent publications should have resulted in increased hydroxyurea usage in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that hydroxyurea use in children with SCD increased over time and was associated with decreased acute care visits. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of the Truven Health Analytics–IBM Watson Health MarketScan Medicaid database from 2009 to 2015. The multistate, population-based cohort included children 1 to 19 years old with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or 10th Revision diagnosis of SCD between 2009 and 2015. Changes in hydroxyurea were measured across study years. The primary outcome was the receipt of hydroxyurea, identified through filled prescription claims. Acute care visits (emergency department visits and hospitalizations) were extracted from billing data. RESULTS: A mean of 5138 children each year were included. Hydroxyurea use increased from 14.3% in 2009 to 28.2% in 2015 (P CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant increase in hydroxyurea use in children with SCD between 2009 and 2015. However, in 2015, only ∼1 in 4 children with SCD received hydroxyurea at least once. Increases in hydroxyurea were not associated with consistently decreased acute care visits in this population-based study of children insured by Medicaid.
The effects of local cooling rates on perfusion of sacral skin under externally applied pressure in people with spinal cord injury: an exploratory study.

Experimental before–after design. The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of local cooling rates on perfusion of sacral skin under externally applied pressure in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research laboratory. Seventeen participants, including seven wheelchair users with SCI and ten able-bodied (AB) controls. Each participant underwent seven protocols, including pressure (60 mmHg) with local cooling (∆t = −10 °C) for 20 min at three cooling rates (−0.5, −4, −10 °C/min), pressure with local cooling for 40 min, pressure with local heating (∆t = +10 °C), local cooling without pressure, and pressure without temperature changes. Each protocol included a 10-min baseline, a 20-min (or 40-min) loading period and a 20-min recovery. A compound sensor head consisting of laser Doppler and heating and cooling probes was used to measure sacral skin blood flow and temperature in the prone position. Blood flow responses were characterized by peak blood flow, recovery time, and total blood flow in the recovery period. The results demonstrated that the cooling rate at −10 °C/min resulted in smaller skin blood flow response compared with −0.5 °C/min (p < 0.05) but were not significantly different to the cooling rate at −4 °C/min. There was a significant difference in the recovery time between the 20-min cooling compared with the 40-min cooling for the SCI group (p < 0.05). Our findings provide initial evidence that local cooling rates affect skin blood flow responses under externally applied pressure in people with SCI.
A Black-Box Reduction in Mechanism Design with Private Cost of Capital

We consider a setting in which potential buyers of an indivisible item have private and heterogeneous valuation and cost of capital. The valuation and cost of capital can be correlated with each other, but they are independent across buyers. In such a setting, a buyer's utility for the item is his valuation minus his investment cost where the investment cost is the payment for the item adjusted by the cost of capital. The cost of capital allows us to model financially constrained buyers who either borrow capital to make an investment or allocate capital across multiple projects (items). We derive the revenue- and welfare-maximizing auctions under this setting by providing a reduction from a two-dimensional mechanism design problem to a single-dimensional mechanism design problem with quasilinear buyers. We show that our reduction can be extended to multi-unit environments with demand and capacity constraints as well as general matroid environments. Our work thus presents an alternative view on modeling financial constraints. Costs of capital serve as a proxy for enforcing budget constraints "softly,'' which unlike hard budget constraints, lead to tractable mechanism design problems.
A link between metabolic energetics and pancreatic cancer mechanosensing

Extracellular-matrix remodelling contributes to tumour progression, results in intratumoural fibrosis and promotes metastatic behaviour. A new study by Papalazarou et al. now reveals that a pathway involved in ATP supply, the creatine phosphagen system, is a mechanosensitive target during pancreatic cancer invasion.
Interprofessional Practice and Education Through 100 Years of Families in Society

This article explores 100 years of interprofessional practice and education (IPE) through the archives of Families and Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services. A journal-specific archi...
Examining the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Addiction Scale and its short version for use with emerging adults in the U.S

Abstract The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) were originally developed and validated for use with South Korean adults and adolescents respectively. Despite being frequently used in U.S. adult populations, neither scale has been validated for this purpose. This study seeks to validate both the SAS and SAS-SV for use with U.S. emerging adults. College students ranging in age from 18 to 24 (Mage = 19.2, SD ​= 1.2, 67.3% female, N ​= ​150) completed the SAS, a modified Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI), and a questionnaire adapted from proposed diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction. Results indicate high internal consistency and concurrent validity of the SAS (Cronbach’s alpha ​= ​0.93) and SAS-SV (Cronbach’s alpha ​= ​0.84). The six-factor structure of the SAS was not well-replicated and the reliability of the other potential factor structures that emerged appear questionable, suggesting that interpretation in U.S. samples may be better suited at the full scale rather than subscale level. The SAS-SV demonstrated near-equivalent predictive validity and comparable concurrent validity as compared to the SAS, suggesting that the SAS-SV offers a viable and convenient alternative to the SAS.
Practicing Oral History to Improve Public Policies and Programs

In her book Practicing Oral History to Improve Public Policies and Programs, Marella Hoffman argues that oral history is an invaluable tool because conducting interviews of the people whom policy a...
Organizational characteristics and perceptions of clinical event notification services in healthcare settings: a study of health information exchange

Objective Event notification systems are an approach to health information exchange (HIE) that notifies end-users of patient interactions with the healthcare system through real-time automated alerts. We examined associations between organizational capabilities and perceptions of event notification system use. Materials and Methods We surveyed representatives (n = 196) from healthcare organizations (n = 96) that subscribed to 1 of 3 Health Information Organizations' event notification services in New York City (response rate = 27%). The survey was conducted in Fall 2017 and Winter 2018. Surveys measured respondent characteristics, perceived organizational capabilities, event notification use, care coordination, and care quality. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify relevant independent and dependent variables. We examined the relationship between organizational capabilities, care coordination, and care quality using multilevel linear regression models with random effects. Results Respondents indicated that the majority of their organizations provided follow-up care for emergency department visits (66%) and hospital admissions (73%). Perceptions of care coordination were an estimated 57.5% (β = 0.575; P < 0.001) higher among respondents who reported event notifications fit within their organization's existing workflows. Perceptions of care quality were 46.5% (β = 0.465; P < 0.001) higher among respondents who indicated event notifications fit within existing workflows and 23.8% (β = 0.238; P < 0.01) higher where respondents reported having supportive policies and procedures for timely response and coordination of event notifications. Discussion and Conclusion Healthcare organizations with specific workflow processes and positive perceptions of fit are more likely to use event notification services to improve care coordination and care quality. In addition, event notification capacity and patient consent procedures influence how end-users perceive event notification services.