cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excitation of the Venus night airglow

The strongest spectral features in the Venus night airglow between 3000 and 8000 angstroms are identified as the Herzberg. II (c(1)Sigma(-)(u) - X(3)Sigma(-)(a)) bands of molecular oxygen. These bands have been produced in a laboratory afterglow by the recombination of oxygen atoms in the presence of carbon dioxide molecules. It is hypothesized that the same mechanism produces this emission in the upper atmosphere of Venus.
Human Endometrial Cells in Primary Tissue Culture: Modulation of the Progesterone Receptor Level by Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Vitro*

Primary cultures of human endometrial cells were prepared from surgical biopsy specimens (premenopausal) and used to examine the direct regulatory effects of estrogen on the progesterone receptor (PR) level in vitro. Cells were grown as monolayer cultures in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% steroid-depleted serum from castrate adrenalectomized calves. Maximal stimulation of the PR level was obtained after a 3- to 4-day incubation with 10 nM estradiol. A dose-dependent increase in PR was produced by estradiol, with half-maximal stimulation at 1 nM added hormone and optimal increases (up to 7-fold) at 10 nM. The PR had a Kd of 2.5 ± 0.4 × 10−10 M, as determined by Scatchard analysis using17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna- 4,9-diene-3,20-dione ([3H]R5020), and sedimentedpredominantly as a 7S species on low salt sucrose density gradients. Estrogen stimulation increased the number of progestin-binding sites without altering the receptor affinity. A variety of estrogens, including the synthetic zearalanol ...
Studying comparative capitalisms by going left and by going deeper

The article charts the continuing attempt to breathe fresh life into the original Hall and Soskice distinction between liberal market economies (LMEs) and coordinated market economies (CMEs). It su...
Body size as a factor determining dominance in staged agonistic encounters between male brown anoles (Anolis sagrei)

Abstract The results of staged agonistic encounters between males indicate that body size is an important determinant of dominance in male brown anoles (Anolis sagrei). Larger males defended their perch sites more successfully than did smaller males, perched higher than smaller males, and were most often the first male to enter the other male's territory. Larger males also exhibited more challenge displays than did smaller males. Head-nods, a display given by subordinate individuals, were observed only in smaller males.
NLRC4 Inflammasome-Mediated Production of IL-1β Modulates Mucosal Immunity in the Lung against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection

Bacterial flagellin is critical to mediate NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation. However, Shigella flexneri, a nonflagellated bacterium, and a flagellin (fliC) knockout strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to activate NLRC4 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, the flagellin-deficient fliC strain of P. aeruginosa was used in a mouse model of peritonitis to show the requirement of NLRC4. In a model of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection, flagellin was shown to be essential for the induction of NLRC4-dependent caspase-1 activation. Moreover, in all P. aeruginosa studies, IL-1β production was attenuated in NLRC4−/− mice; however, the role of IL-1β in NLRC4-mediated innate immunity in the lungs against a nonflagellated bacterium was not explored. In this article, we report that NLRC4 is important for host survival and bacterial clearance, as well as neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the lungs following Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. NLRC4 is essential for K. pneumoniae-induced production of IL-1β, IL-17A, and neutrophil chemoattractants (keratinocyte cell-derived chemokines, MIP-2, and LPS-induced CXC chemokines) in the lungs. NLRC4 signaling in hematopoietic cells contributes to K. pneumoniae-induced lung inflammation. Furthermore, exogenous IL-1β, but not IL-18 or IL-17A, partially rescued survival, neutrophil accumulation, and cytokine/chemokine expression in the lungs of NLRC4−/− mice following infectious challenge. Furthermore, IL-1R1−/− mice displayed a decrease in neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs postinfection. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the role of NLRC4 in host defense against K. pneumoniae infection.
Bilateral enhancing thalamic lesions in a 10 year old boy: case report

A young boy presented with monoparesis of the left arm. MRI disclosed bilateral enhancing thalamic lesions. Biopsy results and subsequent clinical history were most compatible with postinfectious or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. This represents one of the first cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis affecting the thalami, established by biopsy. This uncommon disease entity is reviewed and how it may affect the deep grey matter is described.
Are Scores on Conventional Attitude Scales Confounded with other Measures of Attitude Strength? Findings from the General Social Survey:

This research investigated the relations of five strength-related attitude dimensions and scores on a conventional attitude scale that measured attitude toward the traditional female role. The respondents were 837 women who participated in the 1983 General Social Survey. The strength-related dimensions, which resembled attitude properties that have been used as moderators of the attitude-behavior relationship, included attitude importance, adequacy of attitude-relevant information, attitude certainty, degree of concern with the attitude issue, and frequency of thinking about the attitude topic. An analysis of variance showed that for all of the strength-related properties except firmness, the mean attitude scale scores for the different levels of strength varied significantly when the dimensions were used as independent variables. Moreover, there were directional differences in which the mean scale scores were generally greater for the higher levels of strength than for the lower levels. These results con...
CPW-fed compact meandered annular ring slot antenna

A meandered annular ring slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide feed line with a tuning stub for miniaturization of a conventional annular ring slot antenna has been presented and experimentally studied. The experimental results show that the size can be significantly reduced by introducing meandered slots to the conventional annular ring slot and that the resonant frequency can be adjusted without change in total area size.
Effects of Milk-Clotting Enzymes on Physical Properties of Mozzarella Cheese

Abstract Direct acid Mozzarella cheese was made in 6-L vats using calf chymosin, bovine pepsin, porcine pepsin, or Mucor miehei protease. Four cheeses were made with each enzyme. Stretch, melt, cook color (reflectance colorimeter), moisture, and pH were measured at 1, 7, 14, and 28 d. Correlation coefficients among these parameters were calculated, and the effects of choice of enzyme and storage time at 4°C on these parameters were evaluated by analysis of variance. Cook color was not affected by enzyme type and changed only slightly during storage. Melt was affected by choice of enzyme and increased significantly with time. During the 28-d ripening period, the melt of cheese made with calf chymosin increased the most. The smallest increase in melt was in cheese made with porcine pepsin. Stretch was significantly affected by enzyme and by storage time. Stretch decreased rapidly in all cheeses between d 1 and 7 and stabilized during the next 21 d. Cheese made with porcine pepsin had the greatest stretch, and cheese made with calf chymosin had the least stretch, between d 7 and 28. Melt increased, and stretch decreased, during storage of all cheeses. The type of milk-clotting enzyme used played a significant role in determining physical properties of direct acid Mozzarella cheese.
Longitudinal analysis of health outcomes after exposure to toxics, Willits California, 1991–2012: application of the cohort-period (cross-sequential) design

Background: About 1963, a factory in Willits, Mendocino County (County), California added chrome plating to the manufacture of steel products. After years of residents reporting high illness rates, the State undertook a series of investigations. They found exposures had been high and warranted further research into possible health effects. Applying the seldom-used cross-sequential design, we tested if Willits had an excess rate of adverse health conditions, compared to people of the same sex and cohort living in the rest of county (ROC). This is the first report on long-term health outcomes for Willits. Methods: Hospital discharge data for 1991–2012 were searched to find admissions for people born between 1940 and 1989 who ever gave the County as their residence. Diagnoses and procedures were classified to Level 1 (body systems) of the Multi-level Clinical Classification Software (CCS). We analyzed 796,917 diagnoses and 289,980 procedures found on 117,799 admissions of 43,234 patients who lived in the County at some time between 1991 and 2012. Of these, 7,564 lived in Willits. We summarized data to the person-level then the group level over cohort-period (cross-sequential) to control the age by time relationship, then calculated incidence rates, relative risk, and excess case statistics, each with confidence limits. A secondary analysis focused on whether Willits differed markedly from the rest of County (ROC). Specifically, other than the presence of the Plant, did Willits differ so much that those differences could plausibly explain outcome differences? Results: Illness was excessive in the exposed group (Willits) compared to the unexposed (ROC). Overall number of excess cases attributable to living in Willits was estimated: Men, 301 (95% confidence limit (CL) 200–398), women: 696 (CL 569–820). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the strength of the cross-sequential design. Willits and ROC had comparable disadvantages relative to the State. Yet, when stratified by cohort, Willits had more illness per population. Little is known about the health effect of chemicals used at Willits on a non-occupationally exposed population. We recommend a follow-up study to evaluate the long-term health of people who lived in Willits during childhood and the reproductive age.
Healing the healer: A tool to encourage student reflection towards health

Background: Research has demonstrated that students’ health falters while in medical school with healthy behaviors continuing to deteriorate during residency. Medical education can be focused towar...
Diversity-Carbon Flux Relationships in a Northwest Forest

While aboveground biomass and forest productivity can vary over abiotic gradients (e.g., temperature and moisture gradients), biotic factors such as biodiversity and tree species stand dominance can also strongly influence biomass accumulation. In this study we use a permanent plot network to assess variability in aboveground carbon (C) flux in forest tree annual aboveground biomass increment (ABI), tree aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP tree ), and net soil CO 2 efflux in relation to diversity of coniferous, deciduous, and a nitrogen (N)-fixing tree species (Alnus rubra). Four major findings arose: (1) overstory species richness and indices of diversity explained between one third and half of all variation in measured aboveground C flux, and diversity indices were the most robust models predicting measured aboveground C flux; (2) trends suggested decreases in annual tree biomass increment C with increasing stand dominance for four of the five most abundant tree species; (3) the presence of an N-fixing tree species (A. rubra) was not related to changes in aboveground C flux, was negatively related to soil CO 2 efflux, and showed only a weak negative relationship with aboveground C pools; and (4) stands with higher overstory richness and diversity typically had higher soil CO 2 efflux. Interestingly, presence of the N-fixing species was not correlated with soil inorganic N pools, and inorganic N pools were not correlated with any C flux or pool measure. We also did not detect any strong patterns between forest tree diversity and C pools, suggesting potential balancing of increased C flux both into and out of diverse forest stands. These
Real-Time Detection of HIV-2 by Reverse Transcription–Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Currently, there are no FDA-approved nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the detection or confirmation of HIV-2 infection. Here, we describe the development of a real-time assay for the detection of HIV-2 DNA and RNA using reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and the ESEQuant tube scanner, a portable isothermal amplification/detection device.
Dynamic simulation and stability control of three-phase power distribution system with distributed generators

This paper presents three-phase dynamic simulation of power distribution system with distribution generators (DG) using Matlab/Simulink. Gas turbine and diesel engine synchronous generators are used to represent the DGs. The thyristor-controlled braking resistor (TCBR) is used to damp the oscillation while the power distribution system is subjected to a disturbance. The IEEE 13 node power distribution system with two DGs is simulated to illustrate the three-phase dynamic characteristics and the effectiveness of TCBR to damp the low frequency interconnection oscillation and prevent transient instability.
The modeling and simulation of a network controller based on router queue-size predictions

While the current routing and congestion control algorithms in use today are often adequate for networks with relatively static topology and relatively lax quality of service (QoS) requirements, these algorithms may not be sufficient for military networks where a strict level of QoS is required in order to achieve mission objectives. Current technology limits a network’s ability to adapt to changes and interactions, and this often results in sub-optimal performance. This article develops a network controller that uses outbound router queue size predictions to optimize computer networks. These queue size predictions are made possible through the use of Kalman filters to detect network congestion. The premise is that intelligent agents can use such predictions to form context-aware, cognitive processes to managing network communication. The system shows great promise when modeled and simulated using the NS2 network simulation platform.
Deep molecular divergence in the absence of morphological and ecological change in the Californian coastal dune endemic trapdoor spider Aptostichus simus

Aptostichus simus is a trapdoor spider endemic to the coastal dunes of central and southern California and, on morphological grounds, is recognized as a single species. Mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA sequences demonstrate that most populations are fixed for the same haplotype and that the population haplotypes from San Diego County, Los Angeles County, Santa Rosa Island, and Monterey County are extremely divergent (6 ‐12%), with estimated separation times ranging from 2 to 6 million years. A statistical cluster analysis of morphological features demonstrates that this genetic divergence is not reflected in anatomical features that might signify ecological differentiation among these lineages. The species status of these divergent populations of A. simus depends upon the species concept utilized. If a time-limited genealogical perspective is employed, A. simus would be separated at the base into two genetically distinct species. This study suggests that species concepts based on morphological distinctiveness, in spider groups with limited dispersal capabilities, probably underestimate true evolutionary diversity.
CyanoLyase: a database of phycobilin lyase sequences, motifs and functions

CyanoLyase (http://cyanolyase.genouest.org/) is a manually curated sequence and motif database of phycobilin lyases and related proteins. These enzymes catalyze the covalent ligation of chromophores (phycobilins) to specific binding sites of phycobiliproteins (PBPs). The latter constitute the building bricks of phycobilisomes, the major light-harvesting systems of cyanobacteria and red algae. Phycobilin lyases sequences are poorly annotated in public databases. Sequences included in CyanoLyase were retrieved from all available genomes of these organisms and a few others by similarity searches using biochemically characterized enzyme sequences and then classified into 3 clans and 32 families. Amino acid motifs were computed for each family using Protomata learner. CyanoLyase also includes BLAST and a novel pattern matching tool (Protomatch) that allow users to rapidly retrieve and annotate lyases from any new genome. In addition, it provides phylogenetic analyses of all phycobilin lyases families, describes their function, their presence/absence in all genomes of the database (phyletic profiles) and predicts the chromophorylation of PBPs in each strain. The site also includes a thorough bibliography about phycobilin lyases and genomes included in the database. This resource should be useful to scientists and companies interested in natural or artificial PBPs, which have a number of biotechnological applications, notably as fluorescent markers.
Image Analysis Techniques to Accompany a new In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System

We have built a high resolution towed digital imaging system (ISIIS) capable of imaging water volumes sufficient to accurately quantify even rare plankton (e.g. larval fish) in situ. This imaging system produces very high resolution imagery at very high data rates necessitating automated image analysis. As we are interested in the identification and quantification of a large number of organisms, some of which are relatively similar to each other, we are developing an automated system for detection and recognition of organisms of interest using computer vision tools. Our method aims at (i) the detection of multiple regions (organisms) of interest automatically, while filtering out noise and out-of-focus organisms, and (ii) the classification of the detected organisms into pre-defined categories using shape and texture information. For the organisms detection, we use a probabilistic scheme based on image statistics to locate the regions of interest and -based on size and shape constraints - we filter out the noise, i.e., regions that are detected but do not correspond to organisms. For the classification of the detected organisms, we use the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for matching between the detected regions and the organism images in our database ("dictionary").
Using transactions in distributed applications

An extended example is presented to illustrate the use of atomic transactions in implementing distributed programs. It is shown that transactions can be used to control concurrency and recover from failures, making it relatively easy to write programs that access and modify distributed and even replicated data. Type-specific concurrency control techniques, which use the specifications of the data types in a system to enhance concurrency while still preserving the modular structure of the system are described. Examples that provide several illustrations of the utility of transactions in distributed applications are given. The serializability and recoverability properties of transactions simplify reasoning about programs by allowing the programmer to think of each transaction as occurring indivisibly: interleavings of the steps of concurrent transactions can be ignored, as can partial executions of transactions. >
Neuro-Orthopedic Manifestations of the Omphalocele Exstrophy Imperforate Anus Spinal Defects Complex

Purpose: The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects complex is a severe multisystem congenital defect. To comprehensively care for these patients one must appreciate the neurological and orthopedic impact on the overall health of the child.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 73 children with omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects who were treated at our institution, identifying neurological and orthopedic anomalies, ambulatory ability and voiding status.Results: No neurological data were available on 5 patients. Of the remaining 68 patients 9 had no spinal anomaly, 57 had spina bifida, 1 had hemivertebrae and 1 had coccygeal hypoplasia. We further classified the 47 spina bifida cases as spina bifida occulta in 6, meningocele/lipomeningocele in 12, myelomeningocele/lipomyelomeningocele in 24 and sacral agenesis in 6. Of the patients with spina bifida 35 had cord tethering. Commonly identified orthopedic anomalies were vertebral malformatio...
SEED BANK-VEGETATION RELATIONSHIPS IN HERBACEOUS CAROLINA BAYS: RESPONSES TO CLIMATIC VARIABILITY

Vegetation in intermittently flooded wetlands is strongly affected by the influence of hydrologic condition on species establishment and survival. The vegetation of four herbaceous depression meadow Carolina bay wetlands on the Upper Coastal Plain in the southeastern USA was sampled while systems were flooded in 1999 and again in 2002, near the end of a multi-year drought during which all bays were dry. The seed banks of these bays were sampled in the spring of 2000 and their relationship to the extant vegetation at both ends of the hydrologic spectrum examined. All bays lost previously abundant perennial aquatic species during the drought, and grasses, especially a rhizomatous perennial, Panicum hemitomon, expanded. While approximately half the species in the vegetation were also found in the seed bank, more than 60% of species in the seed bank were never detected in the vegetation. Also, widespread species in the vegetation, especially grasses and aquatic herbs, were rare or absent in the seed bank. The results of the study were consistent with a cyclic model of herbaceous Carolina bay vegetation dynamics in which aquatic and grass species dominate in turn as climate oscillates between wet and dry periods. Further, it appears that, in herbaceous Carolina bays, a handful of dominant aquatic and grass species in the vegetation may influence composition more strongly than widespread recruitment from the seed bank as hydrologic condition fluctuates.
Sawtooth fetal heart rate pattern due to in utero fetal central nervous system injury.

Case reports We present 3 cases of documented central nervous system (CNS) injury with a characteristic fetal heart rate (FHR) sawtooth-like pattern. In the first case, there was category I fetal heart tracing during labor, which was followed by a sudden onset of fetal tachycardia, unstable and indeterminate baseline, and episodes of a sawtooth FHR pattern (Figure 1). The Apgar scores after a vaginal delivery were 9/9 at 1 and 5 minutes. The magnetic resonance imaging of the neonate, which was performed 48 hours postpartum because of facial twitches, showed infarction of the left cerebral hemisphere because of a middle cerebral artery occlusion/thrombosis; the approximate timing of the fetal stroke coincided with the abrupt onset of the aforementioned FHR changes in labor (Figure 2). In the second case, the patient was admitted with indeterminate FHR baseline and sawtooth FHR pattern (Figure 3). Emergent cesarean delivery was performed and the Apgar scores were 0/3/3 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes; the umbilical artery cord pH was 6.87, partial pressure of CO2 was 186, and base excess was e27.7. Immediately after birth the electroencephalogram was abnormal, and the infant received brain cooling but unfortunately died. In the third case, late FHR decelerations, indeterminate baseline, and periods of sawtooth FHR pattern were noted during the second stage of labor because of excessive uterine activity (Figure 4). The Apgar scores were 3/6 at 1 and 5 minutes, the cord pH was 6.90, partial pressure of CO2 was 73 and base excess was e19.5. A cranial ultrasound of the neonate revealed grade II intraventricular hemorrhage.
A Parallel Goal-oriented Adaptive Finite Element Method For 2D Marine EM

We present a parallel goal-oriented adaptive finite element algorithm that can be used to rapidly compute highly accurate solutions for 2.5D controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) and 2D magnetotelluric (MT) modeling problems. The use of an unstructured triangular modeling grid allows for efficient use of mesh nodes for discretizing arbitrarily complex domains. A goal-oriented error estimator based on the dual residual weighting method computed through hierarchical bases provides robust error estimation that is used to guide an iterative adaptive mesh refinement process. Our formulation of the error estimator considers the relative error in the strike aligned fields and their spatial gradients, and therefore results in a more efficient use of mesh nodes than previous error estimators based on absolute field errors. This algorithm has been parallelized over frequencies, transmitters, receivers and wavenumbers, enabling it to achieve accurate solutions in run-times of seconds to tens of seconds for realistic models and data parameters when run on cluster computers of up to a thousand processors. Application of this new algorithm to a complex model that includes strong seafloor topography variations and multiple thin stacked reservoirs demonstrates the performance and scalability on a large cluster computer.
Patterns and Correlates of Drug Use Among Urban High School Students.

A drug-use survey was administered in a large metropolitan, middle class high school to test two hypotheses: a. drug users can be divided according to the types of drugs used (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana vs. opiates, LSD, amphetamines, etc.); and, b. respondents' drug use is significantly related to their peers drug use. Both hypotheses were supported. Reports of personal drug use were factor analyzed dividing drug use into two categories. Intercorrelations of students' own drug use with reported parental, sibling, and peer drug use all revealed significant relationships. Peer drug use correlated the highest, followed by sibling and parental drug use. A number of implications of these results for the organization of high school drug programs and for counseling drug users were discussed.
When all is lost: thrash metal, dystopia, and ecopedagogy

Thrash metal songs have confronted listeners with socio-political problems since the genre emerged in the 1980s. Its abrasive tone and dystopian language implicitly and explicitly attacks norms, religion, the economic and political status quo, and social injustice. In addition to these anthropocentric concerns lives a powerful critique of our problematic contemporary relationship with the more-than-human community. This paper examines implicit and explicit environmental ethical statements in 18 thrash songs released between 1987 and 2013 written by 12 bands. It shows a consistent ecologically dystopian position and critical ethical stance ripe for ecopedagogical and ethics education purposes. Following that, the article explores more specific environmental ethical issues and presents approaches to incorporating them into curricula with possible bridges to other musical genres. It concludes with a call for a deeper critical ethical conversation in the age of ecocide.
Abstract 421: Epidermal growth factor-like repeats of tenascin C alter melanoma cell migration both directly and through alteration of the ECM

In melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, invasion through the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a harbinger of dissemination and mortality. Highly upregulated in both primary invasive and metastatic melanoma is tenascin C (TNC), a hexameric ECM protein with a multidomain structure composed of the globular N-terminal domain, 14.5 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, fibronectin-III like repeats and the C-terminal globular fibrinogen-like domain. Our group previously showed that the EGF-like repeats of TNC are able to bind the EGF receptor (EGFR) with μM affinity and preferentially activate the motogenic signaling cascades. Both normal melanocytes and melanoma cells migrate faster on surfaces coated with TNC. Therefore, we hypothesize that the increased levels of TNC in melanomas promote tumor cell migration and invasion heralding dissemination through enhanced EGFR signaling. We expressed EGF-like repeats of TNC (TNC-EGFL) in melanoma cell lines already expressing endogenous TNC and observed change in the cell morphology, and more importantly a prominent anti-adhesive phenotype. TNC-EGFL expressing cells attached with a four-hour lag compared to parental cell lines and detached to a greater extent in inverted centrifugation adhesion assays. This was not due to decreased viability of TNC-EGFL expressing cells as determined by dye exclusion assay. As this phenotype could not be reverted by adding anti-EGFR antibody, we speculate that EGFR signaling might be intracellular. In two-dimensional migration assays, TNC-EGFL expressing cells closed a gap more slowly, possibly due to inability to properly attach during migration, emphasizing the need of concerted action of different TNC domains in regulating migration. On the other hand, quantitative PCR array analysis of a panel of ECM and adhesion molecules revealed changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, specifically MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14, and increase in TGF β1 expression, proteins associated with melanoma invasiveness and vasculogenic mimicry. These results imply that TNC-EGFL repeats are involved in melanoma invasion both by directly influencing cell migration and indirectly by altering the tumor microenvironment and may have implications for development of anti tumor therapies directed at the extracellular matrix. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-421
Epidemiological analysis on measles in Xinzhou city during 2004-2007

Objective To know the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xinzhou city during 2004-2007.Methods By descriptive analysis methods,the measles data from NNDRS of Xinzhou city were analyzed.Results The measles incidence is around 5 case per 100 000 from 2004 to 2007.Some regions are stable on high incidence of measles.The seasonal distribution with most cases occurred in 4-5 months and age distribution of cases mainly occurred arranges from 1 to 15.Conclusion It is recommended that strengthen improve and maintain high level of MV routine immunization coverage rate,so as to prevent measles prevalence or resurgence.At the same time,measles surveillance should be strengthened.
A Model for Implementing an Evidence-Based Practice in Student Fieldwork Placements: Barriers and Facilitators to the Use of “SBIRT”

ABSTRACTThis article reports on focus group data analysis that was used to understand initial, largely positive outcomes from a university-based initiative to disseminate and implement an evidence-based practice (EBP)—Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Substance Use (SBIRT)—into student fieldwork placements, which are usual care social work settings. Focus groups were conducted with three groups of stakeholders involved in the ongoing project: social work department faculty (n = 10), bachelor- and master-level social work students (n = 8), and social work fieldwork instructors (n = 6). Dimensional analysis of the focus group data yielded results indicating that dissemination and implementation of SBIRT was influenced by agency- and school-level factors and perceived fit between the EBP and individual professional identity, intrapersonal characteristics, and timing. The resulting model, developed through the focus group analysis, is offered and shows how these factors interacted a...
Latino and Asian Infant Adoption: From Mongrels to Honorary White or White?

Early American twentieth century societal concerns about Latino and Asian immigrants focused on race mixing and the "mongrelization" of the U.S. More recently, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva has argued that shifting definitions of race are occurring within the U.S., resulting in the latinamericanization of society. Measures of social intimacy examined to support this argument have typically disregarded private infant adoption. This article examines the discursive practices of private adoption agencies with respect to Latino and Asians. It looks as well, at the current adoptive parent demand as another indicator of our changing racial structure. The question raised is whether adoption of Latino and Asian children represents what Robert Suro calls the new mestizaje or simply the assimilation of children as (honorary) members of the dominant society?
Effect of length, diameter, intraoral location on implant stability.

Objectives To quantitatively compare stability of dental implants with varying lengths, diameters, and intraoral locations. Study Design Retrospectively, 200 consecutive NobelReplace Tapered Groovy implants of varying lengths and diameters were evaluated via implant stability quotient readings at placement (T1) and follow-up (T2). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and simple linear regression tests. Results Intraoral location was statistically significant at T1 and T2. Although implant diameter was not statistically significant, implant length resulted in T1 ( P = .08) and T2 ( P = .09), which may have a clinically relevant effect on implant stability. An overall implant survival rate of 98% was achieved. Gender and age did not seem to affect implant stability quotient values at placement, follow-up, or implant survival. Conclusions Intraoral location is an important factor in implant stability, with implants placed in the mandible being more stable than implants placed in the maxilla both at T1 and T2. Length may have a clinically relevant effect on implant stability.
Hereditary Matter: The Chromosome

Increases in depth and breadth of knowledge have resulted from the observation of effects or behavior, at one level, to a search for causes at another. Through breeding experiments using whole organisms, it has been possible to develop laws of inheritance. The causes for these laws must be looked for in the physical makeup of the organism itself, in its cells and molecules. In other words we must shift our level of inquiry from the organism to the cell and its components.
Gender and Forced Migration

This section presents a sociological rendering and portrait of West African refugee immigrants who have fled their war torn countries to seek safety in the United States. It describes the social and political factors that converged to shatter the lives of these women and their families. Structured to give voices to the contents and realities that these women had to contend with, the analysis portrays a people who emerged from the ravages of war to reconstruct a new life for themselves. The research follows the women as they strive to become incorporated and integrated in the affairs of their host societies and to forge inclusiveness. Having experienced extreme marginality and violence, the process whereby the women begin to reshape their lives offers a sociological glimpse into the cultural mechanisms that are actively at work to redefine or bring a new social order to the lives of the displaced and uprooted women. Again, the analysis employs the use of extensive narratives to tease out the new hopes and aspirations that are formed among the women upon their arrival in the United States and how they strategize to confront new problems and challenges presented by a new environment. As these women confront the uncertainties of not knowing what will happen to them from one day to another, the women (in their collective struggles to become), speak to the resiliency of the human spirit to overcome hardships and at the same time develop a sense of altruism to place and center the needs of relatives at home who have to struggle on a daily basis to face abject and grinding poverty.
Space Exploration Illuminates the Next Frontier for Teams Research

Effective teamwork is beneficial for organizations on Earth, but is a sine qua non for teams venturing into outer space. The prospect of sending a team to Mars by the year 2030 invites organization...
Evaluation of Recovery Media for Heated Clostridium sporogenes Spores

The efficiency of four culture media for recovery of heat-activated and heated Clostridium sporogenes spores was studied. Yeast extract agar gave the highest spore recovery. The effect of the method of preparing the yeast extract agar on the recovery of heated spores was also evaluated. The results indicate that (a) a significantly lower spore recovery was obtained when the dextrose was omitted completely or when added to the medium before autoclaving, and (b) no significant difference in spore recovery was found between yeast extract agar freshly made or prepared and stored at 4 C up to 11 days before use.
Confrontations Between Theists and Atheists

The commentary focuses on Gould’s idea of NOMA, according to which science and theology are two Non-Overlapping Magisteria. The term “non-overlapping” is appropriate because methods of validation of claims in these two fields of intellectual investigation. are different, not because the areas of investigation should be different. The author was once an active atheist, in Poland; now he is a practicing theist, belonging to a Reform synagogue in the United States. He thinks that Gould’s idea, if universally accepted, could help to reduce intensity of dangerous doctrinal confrontations between theists and atheists, and between different groups of theists. The commentary ends by a quote from a statement about desirable collaboration between religion and science, made by Pope John Paul.
Inferring a role for methylation of intergenic DNA in the regulation of genes aberrantly expressed in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

AbstractA complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of pre-B ALL is lacking. In this study, we integrated DNA methylation data and gene expression data to elucidate the impact of aberrant intergenic DNA methylation on gene expression in pre-B ALL. We found a subset of differentially methylated intergenic loci that were associated with altered gene expression in pre-B ALL patients. Notably, 84% of these regions were also bound by transcription factors (TF) known to play roles in differentiation and B-cell development in a lymphoblastoid cell line. Further, an overall downregulation of eRNA transcripts was observed in pre-B ALL patients and these transcripts were associated with the downregulation of putative target genes involved in B-cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The identification of novel putative regulatory regions highlights the significance of intergenic DNA sequences and may contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of pr...
Ethnicity as a confounding factor for the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the UK

In May 2004, eight new member states (A8) joined the European Union (EU), broadening the free movement of people to include more of Eastern Europe.1 The 2011 census for Southampton city reported a 212% rise in numbers of residents from EU accession countries since 2001. Of 11 370 immigrants, 8391 were Polish-born, making up 3.5% of total city residents. The Polish-born population of the UK increased from 75 000 in 2003 to an estimated 831 000 in 2015. Poland has overtaken India and is the single largest foreign national group resident in the UK …
Jurisprudence at Davidson College Before the Civil War

“Jurisprudence at Davidson College Before the Civil War” is an intensive exploration of the ideas about jurisprudence that were in circulation at Davidson College from its founding in 1838 until the Civil War. This article analyzes addresses to the two literary societies, addresses to alumni, and graduation speeches by alumni, attorneys, judges, politicians, and ministers in order to reconstruct antebellum law and political theory at Davidson College. This article employs the important methodology of examining college oratory in order to understand the cultural context of legal and political ideas across North Carolina. This article also finds that these ideas were predominantly those of the Whig Party; there was a focus on education, duty, morality, and internal improvements, as well as use of the legal system to create a well-ordered community. Together the speakers at Davidson College sought a prosperous Union and thus rejected ideas of nullification and secession. Whereas many other southern Whig colleges were often proponents of slavery and of secession, Davidson College reflected the more moderate legal and political philosophy of the North Carolina Whigs. In turn, an understanding of the ideas in circulation at a prestigious academic institution such as Davidson College allows for more complete analysis of contemporaneous decisions of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Such cultural context provides a fresh lens through which this article examines antebellum legal decisions in North Carolina involving property rights, slavery, and morality.
The Effect of Financial Compensation on Willingness to Supply a Child's Blood Sample: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Medical researchers frequently need to collect blood samples from study participants. The determination of whether and how much compensation to provide to the participants is challenging. Institutional review boards typically allow researchers to provide a compensation that reimburses participants for their time and effort but is not so large as to be coercive. Using a randomized controlled trial, we estimate parents’ responsiveness to financial compensation in terms of their willingness to provide their child’s blood sample. We find that an additional dollar of compensation raises the willingness to provide a child’s blood sample by about 0.5 percentage point at a base of 65%. This corresponds to an elasticity of .33. Using the findings, we provide general guidance on how compensation can be structured to strike a balance between appropriate compensation for participation and coercion.
Learning by Fixing and Designing Problems: A Reconstruction Kit for Debugging E-Textiles

In this paper, we present the development of a "reconstruction kit" for e-textiles, which transforms fixed-state construction kits---maker tools and technologies that focus on the creation of semi-permanent projects---into flex-state construction kits that allow for endless deconstruction and reconstruction. The kit uses modular pieces that allow students to both solve and create troubleshooting and debugging challenges, which we call "DebugIts." We tested our prototype in an after-school workshop with ten high school students, and report on how they interacted with the kit, as well as what they learned through the DebugIt activities. In the discussion, we delve into the affordances and challenges of using these kits as both learning and assessment tools. We also discuss how our pilot and prototype can inform the design of reconstruction kits in other areas of making.1
Diameter bounds and recursive properties of Full-Flag Johnson graphs

Abstract The Johnson graphs J ( n , k ) are a well-known family of combinatorial graphs whose applications and generalizations have been studied extensively in the literature. In this paper, we present a new variant of the family of Johnson graphs, the Full-Flag Johnson graphs, and discuss their combinatorial properties. We show that the Full-Flag Johnson graphs are Cayley graphs on S n generated by certain well-known classes of permutations and that they are in fact generalizations of permutahedra. We prove a tight Θ ( n 2 ∕ k 2 ) bound for the diameter of the Full-Flag Johnson graph FJ ( n , k ) and establish recursive relations between FJ ( n , k ) and the lower-order Full-Flag Johnson graphs FJ ( n − 1 , k ) and FJ ( n − 1 , k − 1 ) . We apply this recursive structure to partially compute the spectrum of permutahedra.
On the Origin of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis

Isoprenoids and their derivatives represent the largest group of organic compounds in nature and are distributed universally in the three domains of life. Isoprenoids are biosynthesized from isoprenyl diphosphate units, generated by two distinctive biosynthetic pathways: mevalonate pathway and methylerthritol 4-phosphate pathway. Archaea and eukaryotes exclusively have the former pathway, while most bacteria have the latter. Some bacteria, however, are known to possess the mevalonate pathway genes. Understanding the evolutionary history of these two isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways in each domain of life is critical since isoprenoids are so interweaved in the architecture of life that they would have had indispensable roles in the early evolution of life. Our study provides a detailed phylogenetic analysis of enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway and sheds new light on its evolutionary history. The results suggest that a potential mevalonate pathway is present in the recently discovered superphylum Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), and further suggest a strong evolutionary relationship exists between archaea and CPR. Interestingly, CPR harbors the characteristics of both the bacterial-type and archaeal-type mevalonate pathways and may retain signatures regarding the ancestral isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in the last universal common ancestor. Our study supports the ancient origin of the mevalonate pathway in the three domains of life as previously inferred, but concludes that the evolution of the mevalonate pathway was more complex.
Application of Tissue Culture Propagation to Woody Plants

During the past decade, commercial production of woody plants by tissue culture techniques has progressed from a future possibility to a rapidly expanding reality. The magnitude of this change is truly remarkable, both in terms of the number of plants produced and the number of species and cultivars now in production. Much of this expansion is now well documented in either the scientific or popular literature but must be obtained from other sources such as nursery catalogs and personal contacts.
Radio Arrays — mm to Meters

There are now approximately two dozen operating interferometers in astronomy, with more under construction or in planning. The wide distribution of interferometer arrays, and their acceptance as essential tools in astronomy are a result of the remarkable flexibility and imaging capabilities of modern arrays. Much of the success of these arrays’ is due to advances in data processing and imaging brought about by innovative and powerful algorithms.
A possible role of arachidonic acid in human neutrophil aggregation and degranulation.

Abstract Chemotactic factors stimulate neutrophils to aggregate and, in the presence of cytochalasin B, to degranulate. Recently, the authors found that arachidonic acid also stimulates human neutrophils to aggregate but does not stimulate cytochalasin-B-treated or untreated cells to degranulate. In this report the authors examined the effect of three blockers of arachidonic acid metabolism on these cellular responses. It was found that the arachidonic acid analog 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid and indomethacin, but not aspirin, inhibited no only the arachidonic-acid-induced aggregation response but also the degranulation responses evoked by C5a or a synthetic oligopeptide chemotactic factor. These results suggest that arachidonic acid may be a precursor of bioactive metabolites that stimulate the aggregation and foster the degranulation responses of neutrophils. Thus, these metabolites may be mediators of neutrophil function. Agents that block their formation may thereby inhibit aggregation and degranulation.