cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remember the Teutons: English coverage of Germany at the 2010 World Cup

As the German national team prepared for their Round of 16 match in Bloemfontein at the 2010 World Cup, observers noted a different ‘look’. In the words of one Times (London) reporter, ‘Joachim Low’s side, with their youth and ethnic diversity, are far from “typical Germans”’. This paper examines the reaction of the English ‘quality’ daily press to a less ‘homogenous’ German team at South Africa ’10. It argues that the changing cultural make-up of the Nationalmannschaft prompted journalists to revisit a narrative that traditionally emphasized power, efficiency and confidence. Whilst these cliches were not written out of the media discourse, they were complemented by a new emphasis on illumination and artistry.
Computational systems mechanobiology of wound healing

Abstract Achieving perfect skin regeneration after wounding remains challenging because of the lack of fundamental understanding of the harmonious interplay among different cell types, complex cell signaling networks and mechanical feedback loops evolving in space and time during healing. Here we show a novel computational framework to simulate the healing of wounds that brings together knowledge from continuum mechanics, growth and remodeling, and systems biology regulatory networks. At the tissue scale we consider a field of displacements that satisfies linear momentum balance, and continuous fields for cells and chemical signal concentrations which obey reaction–diffusion equations. At the cell scale a set of ordinary differential equations describe the dynamics of remodeling. Our major contribution is the modeling and simulation of the coupling of cellular and chemical fields to tissue-level mechanics via local changes in fiber alignment, dispersion, collagen content, permanent area change, elastic deformation, and active contraction. Numerically, the constitutive equations for remodeling are solved at the integration points while the displacements and biological fields are solved monolithically with a finite element formulation. The method presented here is at the junction of applied mechanics and systems biology, two exciting fields that continue to approach each other as we seek to unravel the basic principles of mechanical adaptation in living materials with the aid of computational simulations.
Transfusion of Cytomegalovirus: A Review of the Problem

It is clearly recognized that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a cause of postperfusion syndrome. Whether some of these infections are due to reactivation of latent virus or to primary infection is not clear. Thus, there is still some debate on whether blood transfusion is the exogenous source of CMV infection in certain cases, or whether it is the stimulus for reactivation of endogenous virus. Various methods of avoiding transfusion-associated CMV infection have been proposed. This review examines the rationale behind these methods in order to provide a realistic approach to the problem.
Extrarenal Effects of Diuretics

Publisher Summary The primary clinical use of diuretics is to augment the renal excretion of salt and water. This effect is mediated by the ability of these drugs to interfere with transport mechanisms located at various sites along the nephron that are involved in reabsorption of sodium chloride. Many of these same mechanisms are also found in cells and epithelial membranes throughout the body. In experimental studies, diuretics have been of great use in better defining the mechanisms of transport in these extrarenal epithelia. The ability of these drugs to alter epithelial transport in extrarenal tissue has proven to be of therapeutic benefit in certain disease states. At the same time, however, such interactions account for some of the side effects occasionally associated with the clinical use of these drugs. Rather than reviewing the large body of literature in which diuretics have simply been used as a tool to better define epithelial transport mechanisms, this chapter focuses on the extrarenal effects of diuretics, which help to explain their potential therapeutic benefit or, which explain their nonrenal side effects.
Charge Rectification at Molecular Nanocrystalline TiO2 Interfaces: Overlap Optimization To Promote Vectorial Electron Transfer

Three pyridinium molecules were synthesized and were anchored to the mesoporous TiO2 thin films that are commonly used in dye-sensitized solar cells. The first reduction potential of the pyridiniums spanned a 660 mV range and occurred commensurate with or after the direct reduction of TiO2. The interfacial redox chemistry was non-Nernstian and was modeled by the inclusion of ideality factors. The kinetics for TiO2 and pyridinium reduction were quantified spectroscopically after a potential step. The reduction rate of TiO2 and of the pyridiniums were within experimental error the same consistent with a band-filling or “cup of wine” model. In contrast, oxidation of the reduced pyridiniums was dependent on the pyridinium formal reduction potential: Those with the most positive formal reduction potential required the most time. The behavior is understood based on the overlap of the pyridinium redox states with the acceptor states in TiO2 and provides a means for optimization of vectorial electron transfer at ...
Attenuation of experimental autoimmune neuritis with locally administered lovastatin-encapsulating poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles.

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is an aggressive antibody- and T-cell-mediated variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a prominent and debilitating autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Despite advancements in clinical management, treatment of patients with AIDP/GBS and its chronic variant CIDP remains palliative and relies on the use of non-specific immunemodulating therapies. Our laboratory has previously reported that therapeutic administration of statins safely attenuates the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a well-characterized animal model of AIDP/GBS, by restricting the migration of autoreactive leukocytes across peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells that form the blood-nerve barrier. Despite these advancements, the clinical application of systemically administered statins for the management of inflammatory disorders remains controversial as a result of disappointingly inconclusive phase trials. Here, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were evaluated as an alternative strategy by which to locally administer statins for the management of EAN. When tested in vitro, lovastatin-encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles elicited a marked increase in RhoB mRNA content in peripheral nerve microvascular endoneurial endothelial cells, similar to cells treated with activated unencapsulated lovastatin. Unilateral peri-neural administration of lovastatin-encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles, but not empty nanoparticles, to naive Lewis rats similarly enhanced RhoB mRNA content in adjacent nerve and muscle tissue. When administered in this manner, serum levels of lovastatin were below the level of detection. Bilateral peri-neural administration of lovastatin-encapsulating PLGA nanoparticles to EAN-induced Lewis rats significantly attenuated EAN clinical severity while protecting against EAN-induced peripheral nerve morphological and functional deficits. This study provides the first proof-of-concept approach for the application of a nanoparticle-based local drug delivery platform for the management of inflammatory demyelinating diseases, including AIDP/GBS.
Preparation and Arc Melting of High Purity Iron

A method is described for purifying iron in batches of 150 lb or more. Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur are removed from flakes of electrolytic iron by treatment in wet and then dry hydrogen. A special consumable-electrode arc furnace is used to remove hydrogen and to melt the flakes into ingots.
Constrained Consumption and Investment

As we saw in Chapter 5, when a financial market is incomplete due to portfolio constraints, it may no longer be possible to construct a perfect hedge for contingent claims. This led to the introduction in that chapter of superreplicating portfolios and upper-hedging prices for contingent claims. This is a conservative approach to pricing, since it begins from the assumption that agents trade only if their probability of loss is zero.
Positive Ultrasound-guided Lymph Node Needle Biopsy in Breast Cancer may not Mandate Axillary Lymph Node Dissection.

The ACOSOG Z0011 (Z11) trial demonstrated that in patients with nonpalpable axillary lymph nodes (LN) and one to two positive sentinel LN (SLN), axillary LN dissection (ALND) is unnecessary.JAMA 305:569–575, [2011], Ann Surg 264:413–42, [2016] The Z11 trial did not require preoperative axillary ultrasound (axUS). In many centers, preoperative axUS is part of the standard workup of a newly diagnosed breast cancer patient, but in light of the Z11 results, its role is now questioned. We retrospectively analyzed newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at two institutions. Inclusion criteria were patients with (1) no palpable lymphadenopathy, (2) abnormal axUS, (3) axillary LN metastasis confirmed preoperatively by axUS-lymph node needle biopsy, (4) no neoadjuvant therapy, and (5) ALND. LN disease burden was dichotomized as N1 versus N2-3. We examined relationships between clinicopathologic factors, including axUS characteristics, and LN disease burden. Of 129 included cases, 67 had N1 disease (51.9%) and 62 had N2-3 disease (48.1%). Factors significantly associated with N1 disease were tumor size ≤2 cm (p = 0.012), nonlobular histology (p = 0.013), and one suspicious LN on axUS (p = 0.008). For patients with both tumor size on imaging ≤2 cm and one abnormal LN on axUS, only 27% had N2-3 disease (p = 0.007). More than half of patients without palpable adenopathy but with preoperative US-guided biopsy proven axillary LN metastases had N1 disease. For patients with both tumor size ≤2 cm and only 1 abnormal LN on axUS, 73% had N1 disease. This suggests that such patients, if they are otherwise analogous to Z11 patients, may undergo attempt at SLNB.
Behavioral Adaptations in Insects to Plant Allelochemicals

Insects which obtain their nutrition from plants encounter an arsenal of physical and chemical defenses protecting plant tissues (Levin, 1976; Rhoades and Cates, 1976; Wallace and Mansell, 1976; Rhoades, 1979; Rosenthal and Janzen, 1979; Futuyma, 1983). Plants deploy their chemical defenses in two ways (Levin, 1976). A base-line defense is maintained at all times to deter herbivory through direct toxicity or by reducing the digestibility of plant tissues. A second line of defense behaves facultatively: plants mobilize or produce allelochemicals de novo in response to tissue damage from herbivores (Rhoades, 1979, 1983; Ryan, 1983). In combination, the constitutive and inducible (facultative) defenses of a particular plant are comprised of a species-specific set of chemicals that deters all herbivores except those few with an appropriate suite of counter-adaptations (Ehrlich and Raven, 1965; Feeny, 1975, 1976; Rhoades and Cates, 1976; Rhoades, 1985).
Irinotecan therapy for small-cell lung cancer.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20% to 25% of all lung cancer cases and is associated with an especially poor prognosis, resulting in about 25% of all lung cancer deaths.[1-3] The disease is characterized by an aggressive clinical course with early dissemination of regional and distant metastasis. Tumors are initially chemosensitive but become drug-resistant during treatment.[4] About 30% to 40% of SCLC patients present with limited-stage disease confined to one hemithorax and regional lymph nodes without pericardial or pleural effusion.[1] The majority of patients are initially diagnosed with more advanced and less treatment-sensitive disease. The 5-year survival for limited-stage SCLC is about 20% to 25% and is negligible for patients with extensive
Influence of low-dose alcohol consumption on post-ischemic inflammation: Role of cystathionine γ-lyase

Abstract Low-dose alcohol consumption (LAC) has been shown to suppress post-ischemic inflammation and alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cystathionine γ-Lyase (CSE) is one of the enzymes that endogenously produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has an anti-inflammatory property at low concentration. We determined the potential role of CSE in the protective effect of LAC. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups, an ethanol group and a control group, and gavage fed with 0.7 g/kg/day ethanol or volume-matched water once a day for 8 weeks. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. CSE inhibitors were intraperitoneally given 30 min prior to the ischemia. Cerebral I/R injury, H2S production, adhesion molecules, IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), IL-1β, microglial activation, and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion. Eight-week ethanol feeding upregulated CSE in the cerebral cortex and reduced cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, ethanol increased post-ischemic H2S production and alleviated the post-ischemic inflammatory response (expression of adhesion molecules, IL-1RAcP, IL-1β, microglial activation, and neutrophil infiltration) in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex. Both inhibitors of CSE, DL-Propargylglycine (PAG) and β-cyano-L-alanine (BCA), abolished the protective effect of ethanol on cerebral I/R injury. In addition, PAG attenuated the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the post-ischemic inflammation. Thus, LAC may protect against cerebral I/R injury by suppressing post-ischemic inflammation via an upregulated CSE.
Examination of optimal embedded PVTs within the BVMT-R in an outpatient clinical sample

Objective: This study investigated whether indices within the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT-R) could function as embedded performance validity measures in an outpatient clinical sa...
Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE international workshop on System level interconnect prediction

On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to welcome you to the 12th ACM/IEEE International Workshop on System Level Interconnect Prediction (SLIP'10), held on Sunday June 13th 2010. This year SLIP is co-located with Design Automation Conference (DAC) at the Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, CA, USA. The SLIP workshop focuses on modeling and predicting the characteristics of interconnect systems together with their impact on system performance. After a rigorous review process, the program committee has selected eleven papers out of seventeen contributed papers (acceptance rate 64%) and an additional two invited papers for publication in the proceedings and oral presentations at the SLIP'10 workshop. The topics of selected papers cover: (i) new modeling and analysis techniques for networks on chips; (ii) interconnect modeling techniques for 3D integration; (iii) interconnect prediction techniques for emerging on-chip RF and transmission-line interconnects; and (iv) new ideas for classical interconnect estimation problems. In addition to the contributed papers, SLIP'10 features a keynote address by Shekhar Borkar, the director of the microprocessor technology laboratory at Intel Corporation. The keynote speech titled "Future of Interconnect Fabric -- A Contrarian View" will highlight the main interconnect challenges in future manycore processors. SLIP'10 also features two invited talks. The first talk by Professor Martin Wong from University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign gives an overview of advanced high-speed PCB routing techniques, and the second talk by Dr. Peter Suaris from TierLogic addresses interconnect challenges in 3D FPGAs. In addition, a special panel titled "10 Years Ago and 10 Years Ahead" moderated by Professor Andrew B. Kahng from University of California, San Diego, include the following panelists: Professor Dirk Stroobandt from Ghent University, Belgium, Dr. Patrick Groeneveld from Magma Corporation, and Dr. Lou Scheffer from Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA. The panel will reflect on SLIP research in the previous 10 years and predict its course over the next 10 years. Following SLIP'09 footsteps, we are having in SLIP'10 15 -- 20 minute discussion panels that follow every session. Each discussion panel is comprised of experts who will stimulate workshop discussions and will provide further remarks and insights into the presented papers. The panel will engage the attendees in discussions that evaluate the papers from the big perspective of the session scope. The discussion panels will also contemplate the open research problems and challenges that fit within the session topic.
Prototyping an Interactive Visualization of Dietary Supplement Knowledge Graph

Dietary supplements (DS) are widely consumed. However, most people have limited knowledge about the safety and efficacy of DS. Even though there exists the well-curated integrated DIetary Supplement Knowledge base (iDISK) with a formal knowledge representation, it lacks a user-friendly interface for general consumers to query and retrieve DS information relevant to their needs. Following user-centered design principles, we prototyped a web application, ALOHA (i.e., diet $\underline{\mathbf{A}}$ry supp$\underline{\mathbf{L}}$ement kn$\underline{\mathbf{O}}$wledge grap$\underline{\mathbf{H}}$visu$\underline{\mathbf{A}}$lization), with interactive graph-based visualization to facilitate consumers’ browsing of iDISK. We conducted a usability inspection and design session with a focus group and evaluated the usability of the prototype with a modified System Usability Scale (SUS). The SUS result was marginal $(63.75 \pm 7.2$ with 1 outlier removed). Nevertheless, all participants agreed that such an application is urgently needed to address the gaps in how DS information (and health information in general) are currently organized and consumed online. These feedbacks are valuable to inform the next iteration of ALOHA.
Neuropeptidergic Control of an Internal Brain State Produced by Prolonged Social Isolation Stress

Prolonged periods of social isolation can generate an internal state that exerts profound effects on the brain and behavior. However, the neurobiological underpinnings of protracted social isolation have been relatively understudied. Here, we review recent literature implicating peptide neuromodulators in the establishment and maintenance of such internal states. More specifically, we describe an evolutionarily conserved role for the neuropeptide tachykinin in the control of social isolation–induced aggression and review recent data that elucidate the manner by which Tac2 controls the widespread effects of social isolation on behavior in mice. Last, we discuss potential roles for additional neuromodulators in controlling social isolation and a more general role for Tac2 in the response to other forms of stress.
NMR spin diffusion measurements in disordered polymers: Insights and limitations

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin diffusion measurements have been widely used to estimate domain sizes in a variety of polymer materials. In cases where the domains are well-described as regular, repeating structures (e.g., lamellar, cylindrical channels, monodispersed spherical domains), the domain sizes estimated from NMR spin diffusion experiments agree with the characteristic length scales obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering and microscopy. In our laboratory, recent NMR spin diffusion experiments for hydrated sulfonated Diels Alder poly(phenylene) (SDAPP) polymer membranes have revealed that assuming a simple structural model can often misrepresent or overestimate the domain size in situations where more complex and disordered morphologies exist. Molecular dynamics simulations of the SDAPP membranes predict a complex heterogeneous hydrophilic domain structure that varies with the degree of sulfonation and hydration and is not readily represented by a simple repeating domain structure. This heterogeneous morphology results in NMR-measured domain sizes that disagree with length scales estimated from the ionomer peak in scattering experiments. Here we present numerical NMR spin diffusion simulations that show how structural disorder in the form of domain size distributions or domain clustering can significantly impact the spin diffusion analysis and estimated domain sizes. Simulations of NMR spin diffusion with differing domain size distributions and domain clustering are used to identify the impact of the heterogeneous domain structure and highlight the limitations of using NMR spin diffusion techniques for irregular structures.
Update on Benign and Inflammatory Skin Disease Secondary to Transplant Medication

Compared with the general population, Skin disorders occur at a greater frequency in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) largely due to immunosuppressant medications. Immunodeficiency leads to increased risk of a variety of infections, inflammatory disorders, and benign skin neoplasms. Aside from indirect side effects, many medications medications have direct effects on the skin structures as well. The presentation, evaluation, and management of benign and inflammatory disorders in SOTR will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the transplant immunosuppressive regimens as well as general and specific and their general as well as drug dermatologic consequences.
Adding Fractions Incorrectly

(a + c)/(b + d) is Mr. Dodge's mediant of a/b and c/d. My question is, Are there any instances in which rule (1) gives the correct answer? If so, can we characterize all such instances? These questions provide good in dependent-study problems for high school students. The answers to both questions are affirmative, and the mathematical details are provided below. First, as a recreational problem, students can seek instances by trial and error in which the rule holds. The teacher can whet
Simultaneous Identification and Control for Hybrid Energy Storage System Using Model Predictive Control and Active Signal Injection

A battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is overactuated in the sense that there are two power sources providing a single power output. This feature of HESS is exploited in this article to simultaneously achieve accurate identification of the battery states/parameters and high system efficiency. By actively injecting current signals, the state of charge and state of health, together with other battery parameters, can be identified sequentially. Sufficient richness in the input (i.e., battery current) is necessary to ensure identification accuracy. Since signal richness for identification can be in conflict with efficient operation, a novel model predictive control (MPC) strategy is used to simultaneously consider both objectives to determine the optimal power distribution between supercapacitor and battery. The tradeoff between identification accuracy and system efficiency is investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed MPC can significantly improve identification accuracy at the expense of a slight decrease in system efficiency when compared to the baseline MPC, which does not consider the signal richness. Therefore, it is validated that the proposed MPC can effectively achieve simultaneous identification and efficient operation.
Cyanobacterial Production of Biopharmaceutical and Biotherapeutic Proteins

Efforts to express human therapeutic proteins in photosynthetic organisms have been described in the literature. Regarding microalgae, most of the research entailed a heterologous transformation of the chloroplast, but transformant cells failed to accumulate the desired recombinant proteins in high quantity. The present work provides methods and DNA construct formulations for over-expressing in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, at the protein level, human-origin bio-pharmaceutical and bio-therapeutic proteins. Proof-of-concept evidence is provided for the design and reduction to practice of "fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors" for the generation of the bio-therapeutic protein interferon alpha-2 (IFN). IFN is a member of the Type I interferon cytokine family, well-known for its antiviral and anti-proliferative functions. Fusion construct formulations enabled accumulation of IFN up to 12% of total cellular protein in soluble form. In addition, the work reports on the isolation and purification of the fusion IFN protein and preliminary verification of its antiviral activity. Combining the expression and purification protocols developed here, it is possible to produce fairly large quantities of interferon in these photosynthetic microorganisms, generated from sunlight, CO2, and H2O.
High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma

Even though non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were traditionally divided into “low-grade” and “high-grade” lymphomas based on expected indolent and aggressive clinical behavior, respectively, “high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL)” is now a specifically defined category of lymphomas in the 2016 WHO classification. It consists of a group of mature but aggressive B-cell lymphomas that are biologically and clinically distinct and should be classified as a separate category other than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS) or Burkitt lymphoma (BL). This chapter reviews the two entities under this new category: high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, also called “double-hit” lymphoma (HGBL-DH), and high-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HGBL, NOS). We shall also discuss in details two other aggressive B-cell lymphomas which have overlapping morphological, immunophenotypic, or genetic features: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration. Morphological mimics such as blastoid or other “high-grade” transformations of low-grade B-cell lymphomas will be examined to emphasize their distinguishing features from high-grade B-cell lymphomas mentioned above. Variants and subtypes of DLBCL are discussed in Chap. 6.
Improved Scar Outcomes with Increased Daily Duration of Pressure Garment Therapy.

Objective: Despite the development of a number of treatment modalities, scarring remains common postburn injury. To reduce burn scarring, pressure garment therapy has been widely utilized but is co...
Venturing with Caution: Insights into the Investment Strategy of Venture Capital Firms

The literature on portfolio diversification in venture capital contrasts industry specialization as a strategy that helps venture capital firms leverage accumulated industry expertise to diversific...
A survey of cariology education in U.S. dental hygiene programs: The need for a core curriculum framework.

OBJECTIVE Dental hygienists play a key role in dental caries prevention and management. As the evidence of dental caries risk, prevention, and management becomes more complex, it is essential that dental hygiene (DH) programs have a strong cariology curriculum. This project aimed to assess current cariology content in U.S. DH programs, how content is taught, and interest in development/implementation of a common/core cariology curriculum framework. METHODS Directors of 336 U.S. DH programs were invited to participate in a voluntary online survey using Qualtrics. The survey consisted of 41 items including demographics, details about the program's cariology content, and how it was delivered, and items related to a core cariology curriculum. RESULTS The overall response rate used for analyses was 27.3%. Some findings include: 61.6% stated their program had a defined cariology curriculum, 35.2% did not have an individual cariology course, 61.5% had preclinical hands-on experiences in cariology, 79.7% are teaching management strategies related to salivary gland hypofunction, 68.3% are teaching use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and 64.2% felt cariology was adequately being taught. Only 17.7% are teaching the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) system. 87.3% indicated support for developing a core curriculum framework for teaching cariology in DH programs. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that, although DH programs reported that cariology concepts are being taught both didactically and clinically, discrepancies between concepts taught and the literature exist. Therefore, there is a need to create a more standardized curriculum framework for all U.S. DH programs.
Food Insecurity Among Single Parents and Seniors: a Case Study in an Urban Population in Canada

Single parents and seniors are believed to encounter more food insecurity due to a complex web of disadvantages and discrimination. We carried out a community-based cross-sectional survey of single parents and seniors in an urban population to explore the level of nutritional awareness, household meal practices, challenges, and their coping strategies. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Fifty single parents and forty-eight seniors were interviewed in the city of St. John’s, Canada. Findings indicate that single parents were more disadvantaged than seniors and more vulnerable to food insecurity. For seniors, in addition to poverty, existing physical disabilities and loneliness limit the use of public transportation to grocery stores and affect their ability/motivation to prepare balanced home-made meals. The jobs of single parents result in time constraints, which limit the attention they can give to the quality of their children’s diets and to accessing information about cheap yet healthy diet alternatives. We conclude by strongly advocating for improving the social safety net, particularly for single parents, for instance by promoting financial security, skill development, flexible working hours, and affordable childcare. Seniors need interaction with peers to encourage the eating of balanced meals, along with the increased promotion of healthy foods.
Simulating analogue holography in flexible Dirac metals

We explore an apparent holography-like relationship between the bulk and boundary properties of non-interacting massive Dirac fermions living on a flexible surface, such as a sheet of graphene. We demonstrate that the boundary correlations can mimic those normally found in the system of one-dimensional interacting fermions, a specific form of such phantom interaction being determined by the bulk geometry. This geometrical interpretation of the boundary interaction effects offers a new insight into the possible origin of the previously reported examples of the so-called generalized holographic correspondence and suggests potential ways of testing analogue holography in the experiment.
Marital Strain and Support and Subjective Well-Being in Later Life: Ascribing a Role to Childhood Adversity.

Objectives: We integrate the life course perspective with the stress-process model to offer a framework for how childhood conditions moderate the relationship between marital support/strain and sub...
Correlation of CsK2Sb Photocathode Lifetime With Antimony Thickness

CsK2Sb photocathodes with quantum efficiency on the order of 10% at 532 nm, and lifetime greater than 90 days at low voltage, were successfully manufactured via co-deposition of alkali species emanating from an effusion source. Photocathodes were characterized as a function of antimony layer thickness and alkali consumption, inside a vacuum chamber that was initially baked, but frequently vented without re-baking. Photocathode lifetime measured at low voltage is correlated with the antimony layer thickness. Photocathodes manufactured with comparatively thick antimony layers exhibited the best lifetime. We speculate that the antimony layer serves as a reservoir, or sponge, for the alkali.
Detection of Salmonella enterica somatic groups C1 and E1 by PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Objectives of this study were to develop a PCR-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) for identification of Salmonella enterica somatic groups C1 and E1 and to evaluate this procedure along with a PCR-ELISA procedure for S. enterica somatic groups B, C2, and D in a masked study. Primers were selected from the rfb gene cluster, which is responsible for biosynthesis of O antigens of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide. Previously serogrouped Salmonella isolates (n = 169) were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-ELISA procedure. DNA from all isolates was amplified using the PCR procedure for selected somatic groups and amplified products were visualized on agarose gels, as well as subjected to the ELISA procedure. The PCR-ELISA technique correctly identified 97% of somatic group C1 and 87% of somatic group E1. The sensitivity of this procedure to correctly identify S. enterica somatic group C1 was 97% and 88% for somatic group E1. The specificity was 98% for both somatic groups C1 and E1. The PCR-ELISA techniques correctly identified 93% of Salmonella isolates belonging to somatic groups B, C1, C2, D, and E1. The overall sensitivity of this procedure to correctly identify S. enterica somatic groups was 96% and the specificity was 98%. Ninety-one percent of somatic group D, 92% of somatic group B, and 97% of somatic group C2 were identified correctly with this procedure. Results of this study indicate that the PCR-ELISA procedure is a rapid and accurate method for serogrouping Salmonella isolates. Utilization of the PCR-ELISA procedure for Salmonella serogrouping would aide in identification, surveillance, prevention, and control of Salmonella.
Trade Liberalization, Stabilization, and Growth: Some Notes on the Mexican Experience

While inflation slowed sharply in Mexico during 1988, imports surged. Although the growth of domestic absorption could be attributed to a higher fiscal deficit, deriving from sharply higher domestic interest rates, this paper argues that the recovery of private investment was the main driving force, as the private sector saved most of its interest income on public debt. The paper also analyzes some of the costs and benefits associated with trade liberalization. While there is no evidence yet that trade liberalization contributed decisively to price stabilization, it may have played an important role in stimulating exports and investment.
Comments: Rational bubbles during Poland's hyperinflation: Implications and empirical evidence by M. Funke, S. Hall and M. Sola

A number of papers have tested for rational bubbles in the post-World War I hyperinflation in Germany. The present paper henceforth FHS does so in Poland around the time of the ‘big bang’. It finds some evidence that ‘the main determination of the hyperinflation was a rational bubble’ but cautiously notes that conventional structural models might also explain the hyperinflation. I salute their technically sophisticated investigation of this interesting question, but in the end find their evidence distinctly less suggestive of bubbles than do they. This evidence comes from a nice extension of techniques suggested by Diba and Grossman (1984) and Hamilton and Whiteman (1985), and applied to the German hyperinflation by Hamilton and Whiteman (1985). Using the Cagan model, that paper noted that in the absence of bubbles, prices will have the same order of integration as does money; if money is, say, Z(2) so that what is stationary is changes in the growth rate of money but not the growth rates themselves then prices should be Z(2) as well. But bubbles cause explosive growth, so no level of differencing will induce stationarity in a variable driven wholly or even in part by a bubble. Hamilton and Whiteman (1985) found that prices and money appeared to be Z(2) in the German hyperinflation, and concluded that bubbles probably were not present. Evans (1991) in turn pointed out that if (a) bubbles periodically grow and collapse, and (b) there are not a whole lot of observations during which the bubble was growing, the Hamilton and Whiteman (1985) test will likely fail to find bubbles. And tests are likely to find that prices and money are
Alternate row placement is ineffective for cultural control of Meloidogyne incognita in cotton.

The objective of this study was to determine if planting cotton into the space between the previous year's rows reduces crop loss due to Meloidogyne incognita compared to planting in the same row every year. Row placement had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on nematode population levels only on 8 July 2005. Plots receiving 1,3-dichloropropene plus aldicarb had lower nematode population levels than non-fumigated plots on 24 May and 8 July in 2005, but not in 2004. The effect of nematicide treatment on nematode populations was not affected by row placement. Row placement did not have a significant effect on root galling or yield in 2004 or 2005. Nematicide treatment decreased root galling in all years, and the decrease was not influenced by row placement. Yield was increased by nematicide application in 2004 and 2005, and the increase was not affected by row placement. Percentage yield loss was not affected by row placement. Changing the placement of rows reduced nematode population levels only on one sampling date in one year, but end-of-season root galling and lint yield were not affected by changing the placement of rows, nor was the effect of fumigation on yield influenced by row placement. Therefore, row placement is unlikely to contribute to M. incognita management in cotton.
In Vitro Characterization of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Extracellular Domain of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-characterized cell surface antigen expressed by virtually all prostate cancers (PCas). PSMA has been successfully targeted in vivo with (111)In-labeled 7E11 monoclonal antibody (mAb; ProstaScint; Cytogen, Princeton, NJ), which binds to an intracellular epitope of PSMA. This work reports the in vitro characterization of three recently developed mAbs that bind the extracellular domain of PSMA (PSMAext). Murine mAbs J415, J533, J591, and 7E11 were radiolabeled with 131I and evaluated in competitive and saturation binding studies with substrates derived from LNCaP cells. J415 and J591 were conjugated to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid labeled with (111)In. The uptake and cellular processing of these antibodies were evaluated in viable LNCaP cells. All four mAbs could be labeled with 131I up to a specific activity of 350 MBq/mg with no or little apparent loss of immunoreactivity. Competition assays revealed that J415 and J591 compete for binding to PSMAext antigen. J533 bound to a region close to the J591 binding epitope, but J533 did not interfere with J415 binding to PSMA. mAb 7E11 did not inhibit the binding of J415, J533, or J591 (or vice versa), consistent with earlier work that these latter mAbs bind PSMAext whereas 7E11 binds the intracellular domain of PSMA. Saturation binding studies demonstrated that J415 and J591 bound with a similar affinity (Kds 1.76 and 1.83 nM), whereas J533 had a lower affinity (Kd, 18 nM). In parallel studies, all four mAbs bound to a similar number of PSMA sites expressed by permeabilized cells (1,000,000-1,300,000 sites/cell). In parallel studies performed with viable LNCaP cells, J415, J533, and J591 bound to a similar number of PSMA sites (i.e., 600,000-800,000 sites/cell), whereas 7E11 bound only to a subpopulation of the available PSMA sites (95,000 sites/cell). This apparent binding of 7E11 to viable cells can be accounted for by a 5-7% subpopulation of permeabilized cells produced when the cells were trypsinized and suspended. Up to five DOTA chelates could be bound to either J415 or J591 without compromising immunoreactivity. A comparison of the cellular uptake and metabolic processing of the 131I- and (111)In-labeled antibodies showed a rapid elimination of 131I from the cell and a high retention of (111)In. All four mAbs recognized and bound to similar numbers of PSMAs expressed by ruptured LNCaP cells (i.e., the exposed intracellular and extracellular domains of PSMA). By comparison to J415 and J591, J533 had a lower binding affinity. Both J415 and J591 recognized and bound to the same high number of PSMAs expressed by intact LNCaP. By contrast, 7E11 bound to fewer sites expressed by intact LNCaP cells (i.e., the exposed extracellular domain of PSMA). Both J415 and J591 are promising mAbs for the targeting of viable PSMA-expressing tissue with diagnostic and therapeutic metallic radionuclides.
Educational Assessment of Students with Attention Deficit Disorder

This article describes the instruments and methods used to assess the primary characteristics that define attention deficit disorder (ADD) for the purpose of identification. Issues in the assessment of ADD for educational purposes include identifying co-occurring disabilities, defining the severity of ADD, and determining the pervasiveness and situational nature of the behavioral symptoms. The focus of the discussion is on what constitutes a comprehensive assessment of ADD for educational purposes and what additional work needs to be done in this area.
The cure of souls : science, values, and psychotherapy

Preface. Introduction. Psychotherapy as a Social Institution of the Modern Era. Psychotherapy and the Integration of Science and Values. Psychotherapy and Practical Knowledge. Psychotherapy and the Structure of Self-Understanding. Psychotherapy and Practical Knowledge. Psychotherapy and Contemporary Controversies. Notes. References. The Author. Index.
On rough and LT-fuzzy sets

A concept of LT-fuzzy sets was introduced by Rasiowa and Cat Ho (1992). LT-fuzzy sets are a modification of L-fuzzy sets introduced by Goguen (1967). We introduce here a notion of a generalized rough set and show that it can be considered as a particular case of a L-fuzzy set. We also generalize the notion of a rough equality of sets, introduced by Pawlak in 1985 to a notion of topological equality of sets and we prove that the LT-fuzzy sets provide a common characterization for all of the considered concepts.
The Economic Case Against Drug Prohibition

This paper discusses the costs and benefits of drug prohibition. It offers a detailed outline of the economic consequences of drug prohibition and a systematic analysis of the relevant empirical evidence. The bottom line is that a relatively free market in drugs is likely to be vastly superior to the current policy of prohibition.
Implications of the heart protection study for reducing coronary events in high-risk patients

The Heart Protection Study tested the effectiveness of 40 mg/d of simvastatin in preventing total mortality and cardiovascular mortality in 20,536 high-risk adults, of whom there were 13,386 with known coronary heart disease and 7150 with cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease and/or diabetes. The study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled design and a 5-year period of observation. Those with total serum cholesterol less than 135 mg/dL were excluded. The simvastatin-treated cohort experienced 13% fewer deaths from all causes due entirely to the 17% reduction in cardiovascular deaths. Myocardial infarctions were reduced by 38%, stroke by 25%, and all major cardiovascular endpoints by 24%. The benefits were statistically significant in women and men, in diabetic patients, in those over age 70 years, and in those with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol below 100 mg/dL at baseline.
On the role of microstructure in fatigue-crack growth of γ-based titanium aluminides

Room temperature fatigue-crack growth behavior is investigated in a wide range of γ-based titanium aluminide microstructures. The influence of microstructural variables such as lamellar colony size and volume fraction of equiaxed γ grains are systematically analyzed in terms of their effects on crack growth resistance. It is found that the coarse lamellar microstructures exhibit the best resistance to cyclic crack growth, while the duplex and single-phase γ microstructures exhibit the worst. Additionally, a wide range in fatigue-crack growth resistance is observed for the various lamellar microstructures investigated. These trends in material properties are explained in terms of extrinsic crack-tip shielding mechanisms, including crack closure and uncracked (shear) ligament bridging, the potency of which are functions of microstructure.
The Effects of Levetiracetam on Alcohol Consumption in Alcohol-Dependent Subjects: An Open Label Study

The aim of this open-label pilot study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel anticonvulsant agent, levetiracetam, for the treatment of alcohol dependence. A maximal dose of 2000 mg was administered daily for 10 weeks to alcohol dependent subjects (n = 20). Mean reported ethanol intake declined significantly from 5.3 to 1.7 standard drinks per day. Levetiracetam was well tolerated by most subjects.
Convolution theorems: partitioning the space of integral transforms

Investigating a number of different integral transforms uncovers distinct patterns in the type of scale-based convolution theorems afforded by each. It is shown that scaling convolutions behave in quite a similar fashion to translational convolution in the transform domain, such that the many diverse transforms have only a few different forms for convolution theorems. The hypothesis is put forth that the space of integral transforms is partitionable based on these forms.
Generalized long memory processes, failure of cointegration tests and exchange rate dynamics

This paper presents evidence that the equilibrium relationship in a system of nominal exchange rates is best described as a stationary GARMA process. The implementation of the GARMA methodology helps explain conflicting and puzzling results from the use of linear cointegration and fractional cointegration methods. Furthermore, we use Monte Carlo analysis to document problems with standard cointegration tests when the attraction process is distributed as a long memory GARMA process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining terabytes of submillimeter-resolution ECoG datasets for neurophysiologic biomarkers

Recent research in brain-machine interfaces and devices to treat neurological disease indicate that important network activity exists at temporal and spatial scales beyond the resolution of existing implantable devices. We present innovations in both hardware and software that allow sampling and interpretation of data from brain networks from hundreds or thousands of sensors at submillimeter resolution. These innovations consist of novel flexible, active electrode arrays and unsupervised algorithms for detecting and classifying neurophysiologic biomarkers, specifically high frequency oscillations. We propose these innovations as the foundation for a new generation of closed loop diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices, and brain-machine interfaces.
Correction and refinement of the genetic map of bacteriophage Mu.

Three hundred sixty-one amber mutations in essential genes of bacteriophage Mu have been assigned to 1 of 76 deletion groups on the basis of results of deletion mapping by marker rescue from 90 λpMu transducing phage. The original order of previously defined cistrons determined from prophage deletion mapping has been confirmed with the exception that cistron O has been deleted and cistron H has been found to map between cistrons E and F rather than between cistrons G and I. Mapping of mutations in the new cistrons T, U, V, W. and Y (Howe et al., 1979a, Virology 93, 303–319) has produced the following cistron order: ABClysDEHFGITJKLMYNPQVWRSU.
Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Zonisamide as Bulk Drug and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

This paper describes the validation of an Isocratic HPLC method for the assay of zonisamide as bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method employs a Waters X-Terra RP 18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate pH 3.0 in the ratio 18:82 (v/v) and UV detection at 240 nm. A linear response (r > 0.999) was observed in the range of 0.5–100 μg mL−1. The method shows good recoveries (average 98.9%) and the relative standard deviation intra and inter-day were found to be <0.5%. Validation parameters as specificity, robustness were also determined. The method can be used for quality control assay of zonisamide as bulk and in finished dosage forms and for stability studies as the method separates zonisamide from its degradation products and excipients.