cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water Aeration in Wastewater Treatment

The primary objective of this paper is to examine ways to increase the efficiency of water aeration process. This objective was completed through the use of a propeller and fan blade designs. Both Standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE) and power reclamation were analyzed. Results of SOTE analysis indicated a decrease in efficiency, when compared to the standard model air diffuser. While the propeller design was able to successfully breakup the forming bubble column, the system reduced the circulatory currents that create mixing within the experimental tank. Results indicate a small SOTE drop, throughout the system. Power reclamation was able to yield, at a peak depth of 25cm (10 in) below the top water surface, 0.8W, with input energy of approximately 45 W resulting in reclamation of 1.8% of the power put into the system. This data was retrieved at a volumetric flow rate of 9.4 × 10−4 m3/s (2 CFM) with a pressure of 55kPa (8psi).Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Fauna of Staphylininae in Dominican Amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

ABSTRACT The fauna of staphylinine rove beetles (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) in early Miocene (Burdigalian) amber of the Dominican Republic is described and figured. In total, seven species are recognized representing two tribes, four subtribes, and five genera. The following taxa are described as new species: Heterothops cornelli, Heterothops infernalis, Holisus funeratus, Philonthus hades, Philonthus rhadamanthus, Quedius electrodominicanus, and Neoxantholinus apolithomenus . A brief summary of Dominican and Mexican amber Staphylinoidea is provided and comments included on the biogeography of ancient Hispaniola.
Brief announcement: on the expected overpayment of VCG mechanisms in large networks

The VCG mechanism for buying a path from s to t in a network with selfish edges, selects the lowest-cost path (LCP) and pays each edge e on the path the edge’s cost plus a bonus equal to the increase in cost of the lowest-cost path from s to t if edge e were omitted from the graph G, that is payment(e, s, t) = cost(e)+LCP (G− e, s, t)− LCP (G, s, t). These payments are unacceptably high in some graphs containing two node-disjoint paths, and there are few positive results which prove small upper bounds on the expected payments in large and more realistic networks [4, 1]. In this paper, we give an improvement on the VCG overpayment bound of Mihail, Papadimitriou and Saberi [4] for random graphs. As a corollary, we show that the overpayment is not necessarily correlated with the competitiveness of a graph (measured, for example, by the number of node-disjoint paths between a source-destination pair [1]), and it is not necessarily correlated with the size of the graph, contrary to the conjecture in Mihail et al. [4] that the overpayment in random graphs Gn,p is Θ(1/np). Our results show that the overpayment is low when there are two almost equally short paths between the source and destination; the presence of more edges or more competition does not necessarily reduce it and may even hurt it.
Loss of Immunological Reactivity of an Alpha-2 Globulin after Prolonged Freezing of Serum

MOST investigators who preserve sera for future analysis take it for granted that the serum proteins are stable at temperatures around −20° C. Some evidence supports this assumption: the titres of certain antibodies or of rheumatoid factor, for example, remain unaltered after even several years in a deep freeze. This communication shows that most human sera, from both healthy and sick people, contain an α-2 globulin which loses its antigenic (precipitin) characteristics after prolonged storage at −20° C.
Community Design and How Much We Drive

The preponderance of evidence suggests that denser and more connected communities with a higher degree of mixed land uses results in fewer vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). However, there is less agreement as the size of the effect. Also, there is no clear understanding as to the aspects of community design that are most important in contributing to lower VKT. One reason why there is some confusion on this point is that past studies have not always made a clear distinction between different community and street network design characteristics such as density, connectivity, and configuration. In this research, care was taken to fully characterize the different features of the street network including a street pattern classification system that works at the neighborhood level but also focuses on the citywide street network as a separate entity. We employ a spatial kriging analysis of NHTS data in combination with a generalized linear regression model in order to examine the extent to which community design and land use influence VKT in 24 California cities of populations from 30,000 to just over 100,000. Our results suggest that people living in denser street network designs tended to drive less. Connectivity, however, played an adverse role in performance.
Ligand-independent signaling functions for the B lymphocyte antigen receptor and their role in positive selection during B lymphopoiesis.

Signal transduction through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is determined by a balance of positive and negative regulators. This balance is shifted by aggregation that results from binding to extracellular ligand. Aggregation of the BCR is necessary for eliciting negative selection or activation by BCR-expressing B cells. However, ligand-independent signaling through intermediate and mature forms of the BCR has been postulated to regulate B cell development and peripheral homeostasis. To address the importance of ligand-independent BCR signaling functions and their regulation during B cell development, we have designed a model that allows us to isolate the basal signaling functions of immunoglobulin (Ig)α/Igβ-containing BCR complexes from those that are dependent upon ligand-mediated aggregation. In vivo, we find that basal signaling is sufficient to facilitate pro-B → pre-B cell transition and to generate immature/mature peripheral B cells. The ability to generate basal signals and to drive developmental progression were both dependent on plasma membrane association of Igα/Igβ complexes and intact immunoregulatory tyrosine activation motifs (ITAM), thereby establishing a correlation between these processes. We believe that these studies are the first to directly demonstrate biologically relevant basal signaling through the BCR where the ability to interact with both conventional as well as nonconventional extracellular ligands is eliminated.
Structural Characterization of Semiconductor Heterostructures by Atomic Resolution Z-Contrast Imaging at 300Kv

By applying the technique of Z-contrast imaging to the study of a GaAs/AlGaAs multilayer using a newly developed 300kV scanning transmission electron microscope, we show that it is possible to directly observe the interlocking group III and group V sub-lattices on a column-by-column level. In addition to the direct observation of structural polarity in the [110] orientation, we show that, by using a maximum entropy approach to image processing, the experimentally acquired data can provide direct information on interface structures at atomic resolution.
Effects of a Foster Parent Training Program on Young Children's Attachment Behaviors: Preliminary Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Young children who enter foster care experience disruptions in care and maltreatment at a point when maintaining attachment relationships is a key, biologically based task. In previous research, we have found that young children experience challenges as they form attachments with new caregivers. They tend to push their new caregivers away, even though such children are especially in need of nurturing care. Further, many caregivers do not respond in nurturing ways when their children are distressed, which we have found is problematic for young children in foster care. We developed an intervention that is designed to help caregivers provide nurturance even when children do not elicit it, and even when it does not come naturally to them. This paper presents preliminary findings of the effectiveness of this intervention on children’s attachment behaviors. Forty-six children were randomly assigned to either the experimental intervention or to an educational intervention. For three consecutive days, attachment behaviors were reported across three distress-eliciting situations. Children whose parents had received the experimental intervention showed significantly less avoidance than children whose parents had received the educational intervention. These preliminary results suggest that the intervention is successful in helping children develop trusting relationships with new caregivers.
Venereal transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus by Culex quinquefasciatus males (Diptera: Culicidae).

Uninfected, virgin, colonized Culex quinquefasciatus Say females became infected when caged with males that had been infected with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus by inoculation. When these females were assayed 7 or 28 d after first exposure to infected males, 23% and 25%, respectively, were infected with SLE virus. Fifty-eight percent ( n = 83) of the inseminated females were infected with SLE virus, whereas only 23% ( n = 23) of virgin females were infected. These data show that at least some of the horizontal transmission demonstrated was by a venereal route. This study indicates that if Cx. quinquefasciatus males were infected vertically with SLE virus in nature, they could infect their female mates horizontally.
Dual-mode high-speed low-energy binary addition

Sparse tree adders are a common choice for the implementation of high performance binary addition. However, for constant supply voltage they have constant energy consumption regardless of the operating frequency. This paper presents a dual-mode sparse tree adder that offers a low-speed low-energy mode. This is achieved by disabling the prefix tree in the low-speed mode. Simulation results using extracted mask layouts show a reduction in energy consumption in the low-speed mode by a factor of 3.6 in static CMOS and a factor of 2.3 in domino logic.
Trends in the Length of the Southern Ocean Sea Ice Season, 1979-1999

Satellite data can be used to observe the sea ice distribution around the continent of Antarctica on a daily basis and hence to determine how many days a year have sea ice at each location. This has been done for each of the 21 years 1979-1999. Mapping the trends in these data over the 21-year period reveals a detailed pattern of changes in the length of the sea ice season around Antarctica. Most of the Ross Sea ice cover has undergone a lengthening of the sea ice season, whereas most of the Amundsen Sea ice cover and almost the entire Bellingshausen Sea ice cover have undergone a shortening of the sea ice season. Results around the rest of the continent, including in the Weddell Sea, are more mixed, but overall, more of the Southern Ocean experienced a lengthening of the sea ice season than a shortening. For instance, the area experiencing a lengthening of the sea ice season by at least 1 day per year is 5.8 x 10(exp 6) sq km, whereas the area experiencing a shortening of the sea ice season by at least 1 day per year is less than half that, at 2.8 x 10(exp 6) sq km. This contrasts sharply with what is happened over the same period in the Arctic, where, overall, there has been some depletion of the ice cover, including shortened sea ice seasons and decreased ice extents.
An Acquisition and Distribution System for Situational Awareness

In times of disaster acquiring aerial images is challenging. Runways may be crippled thus denying conventional aircraft in the area from taking off. Also the time required to schedule a satellite fly-by may delay first response efforts. Man backpackable aerial robots can be carried close to the disaster site and flown to capture aerial images. This paper integrates mechatronics, intelligent sensing, and mechanism synthesis in a teleoperable kite-mounted camera. Rapidly deployable, transportable by foot, easy to fly and affordable, our system can quickly acquire, process and distribute aerial images. Images mosaicing edge detection, 3D reconstruction and geo-referencing resulting from images acquired by our aerial platform are also presented.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Das Recovery-Konzept

Psychische Krankheiten sind heilbar - Die Anhanger des Recovery-Konzeptes gehen davon aus, dass psychische Erkrankungen heilbar sind. Daher beschaftigt dieser Begriff seit einiger Zeit die deutsche psychiatrische Fachoffentlichkeit und folgt damit einer internationalen Entwicklung. Doch: Was verbirgt sich hinter „Recovery“?
Nonrandom cell-cycle timing of a somatic chromosomal translocation: The t(X;17) of alveolar soft-part sarcoma occurs in G2

The cell-cycle timing of somatic chromosomal translocations in cancer remains poorly understood but may be relevant to their etiology and the mechanism of their formation. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft-tissue tumor of uncertain lineage that provides an opportunity to address this question. The great majority of ASPSs have relatively simple near-diploid karyotypes characterized by an unbalanced der(17)t(X;17)(p11.2;q25), resulting in nonreciprocal fusion of TFE3 with ASPSCR1 (a.k.a. ASPL), with consequent net gain of Xp11.2-->pter and loss of 17q25-->qter. The presence of a normal X along with the der(17)t(X;17) in ASPSs that occur in men has been well described in previous cytogenetic reports and is most readily explained by a translocation in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. To establish whether formation in G2 is a general feature of the t(X;17), we examined polymorphic loci in Xp11.2-->qter in ASPS from 9 women, including 7 with an unbalanced t(X;17). Our analysis showed that all 7 displayed retention of heterozygosity at all informative markers on Xp11.2-->qter, supporting preferential formation of the t(X;17) in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Given that the two derivative chromosomes of a translocation in G2 would be expected to segregate together half the time, the predominance of an unbalanced der(17)t(X;17) also raises the possibility of a selective advantage in ASPS cells for gain of Xp11.2-->pter or loss of 17q25.3-->qter or retention of an active copy of TFE3.
SPECTROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF ALL‐TRANS RETINAL AND ITS SCHIFF BASES IN VARIOUS MEDIA. THE ROLE OF CONFORMATIONAL PERTURBATION

Resumen Se ha encontrado que la n-all-trans-retinilideno-n-butilamina tiene propiedades espectroscopicas, absorcion y emision similares a las de la meta rodopsina I que as un intermediario en la fotolisis del pigmento visual rodopsina. La sensibilidad se presenta solamente cuando el compuesto modelo es adsorbido en silica gel o cuando se lo disuelve en metanol a 77°K. Se describen evidencias espectroscopicas a baja temperature lo cual indica que prelumi o lumirodopsina son artefactos que probablemente no juegan un rol importante en la respuesta visual.
Providing More Home-Delivered Meals Is One Way To Keep Older Adults With Low Care Needs Out Of Nursing Homes

Programs that help older adults live independently in the community can also deliver net savings to states on the costs of long-term supports and services. We estimate that if all states had increased by 1 percent the number of adults age sixty-five or older who received home-delivered meals in 2009 under Title III of the Older Americans Act, total annual savings to states’ Medicaid programs could have exceeded $109 million. The projected savings primarily reflect decreased Medicaid spending for an estimated 1,722 older adults with low care needs who would no longer require nursing home care—instead, they could remain at home, sustained by home-delivered meals. Twenty-six states could have realized net savings in 2009 from the expansion of their home-delivered meals programs, while twenty-two states would have incurred net costs. Programs such as home-delivered meals have the potential to provide substantial savings to some states’ Medicaid programs.
An electron-positron beam-plasma experiment.

Advances in positron trapping techniques have made it possible to perform the first electron-positron plasma experiments in a laboratory. An electron-positron beam-plasma system is studied by transmitting a low-energy electron beam through positron plasmas stored in cylindrical and quadrupole Penning traps. In the cylindrical trap, positron heating consistent with a two-stream instability is observed. In the quadrupole trap, a transit-time instability is excited, leading to a large amplitude oscillation of the positron plasma and ejection of positrons from the well.
The design of a ferrofluid magnetic pipette

An electromagnetic pipette using a ferrofluid was designed to sample liquid volumes smaller than 0.2 /spl mu/l. Submicroliter sample sizes are desirable for reducing the amount of costly reagents and reducing sample requirement for large-scale analysis. The pipette consists of four electromagnets arranged such that air-gaps are aligned to accommodate a tube. A light-hydrocarbon-based ferrofluid is contained in the tube and acts as a plunger. The position of the ferrofluid in the tube was controlled to within 0.2 mm by combining adjacent air-gap magnetic fields. The position of the ferrofluid as a function of time and magnetic pressure as a function of position was measured in one electromagnet air-gap from the device. Maximum pressure measured was 770 Pa which corresponds to a maximum velocity of 0.9 cm/s. The assembled pipette weighs approximately 25 g, and it measures 4 cm long, 1 cm wide, and 3 cm high.
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: a retrospective look at a ten-year interval

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remain a lethal entity despite early recognition, prompt intervention, and technological advances in critical care. Elective resection of AAAs offers the best survival. Two distinct experiences, 1977 to 1980 (Group I) and 1989 to 1990 (Group II), were retrospectively reviewed. Major postoperative complications were renal and respiratory failure in both time periods. Acute renal failure was seen in 38% of patients in both groups. Respiratory failure was seen in 29% of patients in Group I and 48% of patients in Group II. Overall mortality was 44% in Group I and 48% in Group II. Hemodynamic instability upon presentation continues to be an ominous prognostic indicator (54% mortality in Group I and 80% mortality in Group II)
Macrophage-Expressed Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Increases Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice

Objective— Transgenic mice expressing human group IIA secretory phospholipase A 2 (group IIA sPLA 2 ) spontaneously develop atherosclerotic lesions. The mechanism for this proatherogenic effect is likely multifactorial, because HDL-cholesterol is significantly lower and LDL/VLDL cholesterol is slightly higher in transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic littermates. In the present study, we show for the first time that elicited peritoneal macrophages from transgenic mice express human group IIA sPLA 2 . This study tested whether macrophage-expressed sPLA 2 contributes to atherogenesis. Methods and Results— Bone marrow cells from either sPLA 2 transgenic mice or control C57BL/6 mice were transplanted into LDL receptor–deficient mice. After hematopoietic engraftment, animals were fed a diet enriched with saturated fat and cholesterol for 12 weeks. Despite a lack of effect on serum lipoprotein concentrations, the presence of bone marrow–derived cells expressing human group IIA sPLA 2 resulted in a significant increase in the extent of atherosclerosis in the aortic arch (12.8±1.4% versus 7.4±0.9%; P 2 versus 0.2±0.04 mm 2 ; P Conclusions— Group IIA sPLA 2 can contribute to atherosclerotic lesion development through a mechanism that is independent of systemic lipoprotein metabolism.
Cerebral Substrates of Musical Imagery

Musical imagery refers to the experience of "replaying" music by imagining it inside the head. Whereas visual imagery has been extensively studied, few people have investigated imagery in the auditory domain. This article reviews a program of research that has tried to characterize auditory imagery for music using both behavioral and cognitive neuroscientific tools. I begin by describing some of my behavioral studies of the mental analogues of musical tempo, pitch, and temporal extent. I then describe four studies using three techniques that examine the correspondence of brain involvement in actually perceiving vs. imagining familiar music. These involve one lesion study with epilepsy surgery patients, two positron emission tomography (PET) studies, and one study using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The studies converge on the importance of the right temporal neocortex and other right-hemisphere structures in the processing of both perceived and imagined nonverbal music. Perceiving and imagining songs that have words also involve structures in the left hemisphere. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is activated during musical imagery; it may mediate rehearsal that involves motor programs, such as imagined humming. Future studies are suggested that would involve imagery of sounds that cannot be produced by the vocal tract to clarify the role of the SMA in auditory imagery.
Analysis of high-level waste for tetraphenylborate using HPLC

One waste remediation process used at the Savannah River Site was the in-tank precipitation of the beta-emitting 137Cs from high-level waste (HLW) using sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) followed by processing the resulting decontaminated filtrate into grout at the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). A simple method was developed for the monitoring of tetraphenylborate (TPB) in high-level waste (HLW) containing up to 0.38 Ci/gal of 137Cs. Separation was achieved by extraction of the high sodium-bearing waste with acetonitrile followed by analysis using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The sample preparation method allowed for the handling of an organic extraction layer that had 94% less acitivity than the HLW sample. The subsequent HPLC analysis of the extraction layer determined the TPB concentration in HLW waste to 0.8 mg/l with a %rsd of 8.
Persistent functional vomiting

Two cases of persistent, spontaneous, effortless, involuntary vomiting are presented as ex- amples of functional vomiting. Their diagnosis is discussed and a suggestion is made for categorizing functional vomiting as either self-induced or psychogenic vomiting. Psychogenic vomiting would be considered rumination when there is reswallowing of vomited material or as a conversion disorder. This classification if adopted would help to define these syndromes and allow for testing of observations regarding associated psychiatric disorders, impairment in other functions, and prognosis. © 1992 by john Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Market Design: Understanding Markets Well Enough to Fix Them When They’re Broken

In the past fifteen years, the emerging field of Market Design has solved important practical problems, and clarified both what we know and what we don’t yet know about how markets work. The challenge is to understand complex markets well enough to fix them when they’re broken, and implement new markets and market-like mechanisms when needed.Among markets that economists have helped design are multi-unit auctions for complementary goods such as spectrum licenses; computerized clearinghouses such as the National Resident Matching Program, through which most American doctors get their first jobs; decentralized labor markets such as those for more advanced medical positions and for academic positions; school choice systems; and kidney exchange, which allows patients with incompatible living donors to exchange donor kidneys with other incompatible patient-donor pairs.These markets differ from markets for simple commodities, in which, once prices have been established, everyone can choose whatever they can afford. Most of these markets are matching markets, in which you can’t just choose what you want, you also have to be chosen. One of the scientific challenges is to learn more about the workings of complex matching markets, such as labor markets for professionals, college admissions, and marriage.
Distinct Populations of Innate CD8+ T Cells Revealed in a CXCR3 Reporter Mouse

CXCR3, expressed mainly on activated T and NK cells, is implicated in a host of immunological conditions and can contribute either to disease resolution or pathology. We report the generation and characterization of a novel CXCR3 internal ribosome entry site bicistronic enhanced GFP reporter (CIBER) mouse in which enhanced GFP expression correlates with surface levels of CXCR3. Using CIBER mice, we identified two distinct populations of innate CD8+ T cells based on constitutive expression of CXCR3. We demonstrate that CXCR3+ innate CD8+ T cells preferentially express higher levels of Ly6C and CD122, but lower levels of CCR9 compared with CXCR3− innate CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that CXCR3+ innate CD8+ T cells express higher transcript levels of antiapoptotic but lower levels of proapoptotic factors, respond more robustly to IL-2 and IL-15, and produce significantly more IFN-γ and granzyme B. Interestingly, CXCR3+ innate CD8+ T cells do not respond to IL-12 or IL-18 alone, but produce significant amounts of IFN-γ on stimulation with a combination of these cytokines. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CXCR3+ and CXCR3− innate CD8+ T cells are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These newly generated CIBER mice provide a novel tool for studying the role of CXCR3 and CXCR3-expressing cells in vivo.
Effect of Type of Carbohydrate on Amino Acid Accumulation and Utilization by Tetrahymena

Both concentration and pattern of free amino acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis, as well as utilization, synthesis, and excretion of amino acids, were affected by type of carbohydrate in growth media. With glucose, cell pool concentrations were higher than with dextrin, and alanine and glycine together accounted for an average of 45% of the total pool. These two amino acids accumulated in similar proportions when their synthesis from essential amino acids was a prerequisite, as when they were provided by growth media, but they constituted only 15 to 18% of the free amino acids in cells from media with dextrin. Alanine, glycine, and glutamic acid were excreted into the medium regardless of whether they were provided by starting media; hence, they appear to be end products of the required metabolism of some of the essential amino acids. Both accumulation and excretion of the above non-essential amino acids were nearly twice as extensive in media providing glucose as the only carbohydrate as when the carbohydrate supplied was dextrin or dextrin plus glucose. Thus, the observed differences are not attributable to differences in osmolarity of monosaccharide and polysaccharide media. Free amino acid differences do not appear to be the immediate cause of the different growth-stimulating properties of such carbohydrates.
Parametric Rainfall Retrieval Algorithms for Passive Microwave Radiometers

Abstract A methodology is described to construct fully parametric rainfall retrieval algorithms for a variety of passive microwave sensors that exist today and are planned for the future. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is used to retrieve nonraining geophysical parameters. The method then blends these background geophysical parameters with three-dimensional precipitation fields obtained by matching the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) reflectivity profiles with cloud-resolving model simulations to produce a consistent three-dimensional atmospheric description. Based upon this common description, radiative transfer simulations corresponding to specific microwave sensors are then employed to compute radiances from clear and rainy scenes, as might be seen by any specified microwave radiometer. Last, a Bayesian retrieval methodology is used in conjunction with this database to derive the most likely surface rainfall as well as its vertical structure. By avoiding any depende...
Protohistoric Pawnee Lithic Economy

Etude de l'impact de l'apparition des outils de metal dans les habitudes d'outillage lithique des Pawnee
Needlepunched Composite Structures

This article describes the formation of preforms using needlepunching technology, which is a mechanical bonding technique, and the prior processes (carding, carding and crosslapping, and air lay) that may be used to form fiberwebs. The impact of processing variables and needle parameters on the needled preform properties, which influence the final composite performance, is reviewed. Methods of resin infusion that are required to convert needled preforms to final composites are given along with their features. Finally, applications of needlepunched composites are provided with their constituent and competitive approaches. Keywords: fiberweb; needlepunching; preform; composite; resin treatment
Introductory overview: Hydrate knowledge development

An overview is provided for the remainder of the volume. After an initial motivation section with hydrate applications, the hydrate structures are exposed, by considering two formation heuristics. Second, the history of hydrate knowledge both within and without the pipeline is outlined, and examples are given of technology transfer between the two arenas. The hydrate experimental physics and chemistry are then presented on three levels: micro-, meso-, and macroscopic. Finally it is suggested that the state-of-the-art of hydrate thermodynamics is satisfactory for most engineering applications, because the prediction accuracy is close to the experimental accuracy. Hydrate kinetics, on the other hand, is presented as a major physico-chemical challenge for the future.
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Diabrotica virgifera Adults

Twenty-nine insecticidal compounds were assayed for their toxicity to the western corn rootworm, D. virgifera LeConte. The toxicants included 13 carbamates, 13 organophosphates, and 3 chlorinated hydrocarbons. LD50 values in µg/g are presented for all the compounds tested for the years 1963–68. Seven of the 10 most toxic insecticides were carbamates, and 3 were organophosphates.
C14-Labeled Streptococcal Hyaluronic Acid in the Guinea Pig.∗:

SummaryStreptococcal hyaluronic acid was biosynthetically labeled with C14 from acetate-1-C14. Approximately 75% of the label was in the acetyl of N-acetyl glucosamine. After intravenous injection, C14-labeled streptococcal hyaluronic acid was rapidly cleared from the plasma. Electrophoresis disclosed some binding of hyaluronic acid to plasma proteins. The maximal rate of respiratory C14O2 loss and urinary excretion of hyaluronic acid did not occur until the 2nd and 3rd hour following intravenous injection. Only traces of intravenously injected hyaluronic acid appeared in the synovial space, skin or vitreous humor.
Current Trends in Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine

The procurement, processing, and provision of blood components continues to evolve and improve. New technologies and procedures for providing more efficient and effective testing are being implemented. Innovative practices and processes are being applied to the preparation and transfusion of blood components resulting in safer transfusion practice. Current management practice emphasizes the provision of better products and service in a more costeffective environment.
Arterielle Gefäßdiagnostik beim diabetischen Fußsyndrom

Die Arbeit soll die Wertigkeit verschiedener Untersuchungsmethoden der arteriellen Gefasdiagnostik beim diabetischen Fussyndrom (DFS) aufzeigen. Verfahren zur ausschlieslichen Darstellung der Mikrozirkulation wurden ausgenommen. Durch die Kombination verschiedener Methoden konnen deren Limitationen ausgeglichen und die Genauigkeit erhoht werden. Von praktischer Bedeutung sind Messungen der Knochel- und Zehenarteriendrucke, die Oszillographie und die transkutane Messung des Sauerstoffpartialdruckes (TcPO2). Die Bildgebung muss die Arterien bis zum Arcus plantaris erfassen. Die selektive Angiographie (DSA) ist noch die Referenzmethode, nichtinvasive Untersuchungsmethoden (z. B. die Magnetresonanzangiographie) konnen die DSA im Falle von Limitationen und Kontraindikationen ersetzen oder erganzen. Eine adaquate Gefasdiagnostik ist bei der Behandlung des DFS absolut erforderlich.
Evaluation Method and Index System for Operation of Online Monitoring Device for Dissolved Gas in Transformer Oil

In order to effectively distinguish operational level of monitoring device for dissolved gas in oil of various manufacturers,operation evaluation indexes for monitoring device including device online rate,percents of pass for error and trend were proposed.Hierachy analysis method was used for confirming weight of various indexes and realize comprehensive evaluation on device performance. This evaluation method was used for evaluating 30 operating monitoring devices of 3 manufactures and results were coincident with conditions of practical application and operational maintenance of devices of various manufacturers which indicated that this evaluation method and index system could relatively completely and objectively reflect operational level of products of various manufacturers.
Investigation of job stressors and burnout among nurses in a children's hospital

Objectives To investigate the nurses' job stressors,levels of burnout and the relationship between them in a children's hospital.Methods By convenience sampling method,758 pediatric nurses were investigated with the Nurses' Job Stressors Scale and Job Burnout Scale.Results The work stress of nurses in children's hospitals were mainly from workload,time allocation,profession,work,and patient care.The score of burnout among nurses in children's hospitals was significantly higher than those in general hospitals(P0.01).Regression analysis showed that job stressors is an important factor of job burnout.Conclusion Hospitals and nursing managers should take effective measures according to the relation between job stressors and burnout,to enhance nurses' physical and psychological health.
Mutational analysis of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (APOBEC1). structure-function relationships of RNA editing and dimerization.

Abstract APOBEC1 is the catalytic subunit of an enzyme complex that mediates apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA editing. It dimerizes in vitro and requires complementation factor(s) for its editing activity. We have performed a systematic analysis of the structure–functional relationship of APOBEC1 by targeted mutagenesis of various sequence motifs within the protein. Using in vitro RNA editing assay, we found that basic amino acid clusters at the amino-terminal region R15R16R17 and R33K34, are essential for apoB mRNA editing. Mutation of R15R16R17 to K15K16K17 and mutation of R33K34 simultaneously to A33A34 almost completely abolished in vitro editing activity. The carboxy-terminal region of APOBEC1 contains a leucine-rich motif. Deletion analysis of this region indicates that residues 181 to 210 are important for in vitro apoB mRNA editing. Single amino acid substitutions demonstrate that L182, I185, and L189 are important residues required for normal editing function. Furthermore, the double mutant P190A/P191A also lost >90% of editing activity which suggests that a β turn in this region of the molecule may be essential for proper functioning of APOBEC1. It was suggested that dimerization of APOBEC1 creates an active structure for deamination of apoB mRNA. When we examined the dimerization potential of truncated APOBEC1s using both amino and carboxy termini deletion mutants, we found that amino-terminal deletions up to residue A117 did not impair dimerization activity whereas carboxy-terminal deletions showed diminished dimerization. The systematic and extensive mutagenesis experiments in this study provide information on the role of various sequence motifs identified in APOBEC1 in enzyme catalysis and dimerization.—Teng, B-B., S. Ochsner, Q. Zhang, K. V. Soman, P. P. Lau, and L. Chan. Mutational analysis of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (APOBEC1): structure–function relationships of RNA editing and dimerization. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 623–635.
Benign Breast Tumors

The topic of benign breast diseases covers a wide variety of conditions, both common and unusual, that may require additional workup, excision, or surveillance. In addition, some benign conditions may confer an increased risk for future disease, and this risk should be explained to the patient during treatment for these entities. This section attempts to provide a basic understanding of some of the most frequently encountered benign breast conditions as well as some rare types, including current recommendations for workup, management, differential diagnoses, and future surveillance. The specific conditions that are explored in this chapter include fibroadenomas, intraductal papillomas, lipomas, hamartomas, radial scars, and gynecomastia in males.
Conclusion: Ghosts and History

As a genre, modern ghost stories are concerned with historical trauma, its remembrance and its lingering consequences. In these stories, the ghost is something that returns from the past, something that irrupts into the present, disrupting both the present’s presumed separateness from the past, as well as its stable inheritance of that past. There are two paradigmatic historical traumas that the modern ghost story responds to. The first is the transition from feudalism to capitalism, and the consequent shift in power from the aristocracy to the bourgeoisie. And the second is in effect a repetition of the first, as under imperialism different parts of the world experience the violent transition to modernity. Though the first transition, if it has a historical moment at all, happened some two hundred years earlier than the modern ghost story achieves its stable form, belatedness is consistently one of the characteristics of the modern ghost story. And regardless of whether that is an accurate or helpful model for understanding social change in the 19th century, it is overwhelmingly the narrative that ghost stories tell, and these are the terms in which they tell it.
COURT-APPOINTED EXPERTS: COURT-APPOINTED EXPERTS: AN OVERVIEW

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of court-appointed experts. Trial judges have both implicit and explicit power to appoint experts in a variety of roles to assist the court in complex cases. Rule 706 of the Federal Rules of Evidence provides a framework for the appointment and compensation of an expert who may be called to testify at trial. In addition, the court has the ability to select an expert to aid in pretrial, and settlement proceedings by preparing reports, or clarifying the litigant's controversies. Although trial judges have used experts in a wide range of cases, and under several formats, court-appointed experts have not received universal approval. Some judges and attorneys oppose a shift from an adversary to a more inquisitorial mode of presentation of evidence, a loss of lawyer control in the selection of experts, and the enhanced position of one expert as the source of evidence for the trier of fact. There are also substantial practical problems associated with the resources necessary to select, use, and pay a court-appointed expert.
6 – Design and materials in baseball

Abstract Baseball has long been considered as one of America’s favorite pastimes and is also played around the world. The basic equipment (i.e., the bat, glove, and ball) has principally not changed since the early 19th century; however, the “tools of the game” have evolved as players have recognized changes that could improve their performance for fielding and batting and as engineers and scientists have developed an understanding of the physics of the game and introduced advances in material performance for the equipment. Baseballs used currently are wound in a similar manner as they have been for the past century. The baseball bat started as a stick in the sandlot and has evolved from different solid woods to the current selection of ash and maple woods, fiber-reinforced composites, aluminum, and combinations of two or more of these material choices. The equipment used in the game has expanded beyond the bat, ball, and glove to include equipment that provides for the protection of the players. This chapter discusses the current construction, design, and understanding of the equipment used in the game of baseball along with a historical basis for how the equipment has evolved to its current state as well as potential future directions.
Prehospital care of neurologic emergencies

Prehospital care of neurologic emergencies / , Prehospital care of neurologic emergencies / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
VHP-Female full-body human CAD model for cross-platform FEM simulations — Recent development and validations

Simulation of the electromagnetic response of the human body relies heavily upon efficient computational models or phantoms. The first objective of this paper is to present an improved platform-independent full-body electromagnetic computational model (computational phantom), the Visible Human Project® (VHP)-Female v. 3.1 and to describe its distinct features and enhancements compared to VHP-Female v. 2.0. The second objective is to report phantom simulation for electric stimulation studies using the commercial FEM electromagnetic solver ANSYS MAXWELL.
Exploring the Design Space for Energy-Harvesting Situated Displays

We explore the design space of energy-neutral situated displays, which give physical presence to digital information. We investigate three central dimensions: energy sources, display technologies, and wireless communications. Based on the power implications from our analysis, we present a thin, wireless, photovoltaic-powered display that is quick and easy to deploy and capable of indefinite operation in indoor lighting conditions. The display uses a low-resolution e-paper architecture, which is 35 times more energy-efficient than smaller-sized high-resolution displays. We present a detailed analysis on power consumption, photovoltaic energy harvesting performance, and a detailed comparison to other display-driving architectures. Depending on the ambient lighting, the display can trigger an update every 1 -- 25 minutes and communicate to a PC or smartphone via Bluetooth Low-Energy.
Sensorless adaptive control of resonant snubber inverter for photovoltaic applications

This paper proposes a new adaptive control technique of the auxiliary branch of the resonant snubber inverter for photovoltaic (PV) applications. By varying the turn-on time of the auxiliary branch based on the load current, the auxiliary resonant current is reduced without the need for any additional components, decreasing the circulating losses and improving system efficiency. An analysis of the resonant snubber inverter operation is discussed. Different control strategies of the auxiliary branch are compared. A 600 W prototype is built to verify operation of the adaptive control technique and to measure the performance improvements. The measured peak and weighted California Energy Commission (CEC) efficiencies are 98.16% and 97.56%, respectively.
Open Repair of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: Is the Incidence of Clinically Significant Wound Complications Overestimated?:

Background:Conflicting evidence exists regarding the optimal management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Operative repair is thought to afford patients a lower risk of rerupture, albeit at a higher overall risk of wound complications.Methods:A retrospective chart review of 369 consecutive patients undergoing open repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures performed by a single foot and ankle fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon was undertaken. Healing was classified as no complications, complications without prolonging treatment, complications requiring prolonged local treatment, and complications requiring operative intervention. A statistical analysis comparing the rates of complications in this cohort to that reported in the literature was conducted.Results:There were a total of 33 (8.94%) wound complications. Compared to the rates reported in the literature, no significant difference was detected (P = .3943; CI 6.24-12.33). However, when the complications not requiring additional treatment or prolong...
BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF CYCLODIENES AND THEIR PHOTOISOMERS AND HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE IN MAMMALS AND FISH

ABSTRACT Biotransformations of isomeric cyclodienes; cis -chlordane, cis -photochlordane; heptachlor, photoheptachlor; dieldrin, photodieldrin, endrin, and of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in mammals and fish are reviewed and salient metabolic pathways are outlined. There are differences in the degree of susceptibility of the isomers to biotransformations, e.g. (i) cis -photo-chlordane, photodieldrin, and photoisodrin are metabolized more efficiently than cis -chlordane, diel drin, and isodrin/endrin; (ii) endrin is metabolized more readily than dieldrin in these vertebrates. There are qualitative and quantitative differences among these vertebrates, both inter-species, and intra-species (sex, age), in the metabolism of the same chemical. Fish, as compared with mammals, are very slow in metabolizing these chemicals. An important aspect of these biotransformations is that these species can transform most of these toxicants to even more toxic and lipophilic products, e.g., Heptachlor to heptachlor epoxide, chlordane to oxychlordane, dieldrin and photodieldrin to ketodieldrin, and endrin to 12-ketoendrin and 12-hydroxyendrins. “Because of the common occurrence of these cyclodienes in human fat and environment and because non-human primates retain these insecticides longer than other mammals, these cyclodienes and their toxic metabolites may have more serious effects on human health and environment.” Since fish excrete these chemicals and their lipophilic metabolites more slowly than mammals they may serve as a repository of these extremely toxic and persistent lipophilic chemicals and their metabolites. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is rapidly metabolized by rats, man, and fish. The products extracted from urine (where almost all of the recoverable administered radioactivity is found) and fish excreta and fish do not show any hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The products appear polyhydroxy and their conjugates along with unextractables.
Admixture and Ancestry Inference from Ancient and Modern Samples through Measures of Population Genetic Drift

Methods that leverage the information about population history contained within the increasingly abundant genetic sequences of extant and extinct hominid populations are diverse in form and versatile in application. Here, we review key methods recently developed to detect and quantify admixture and ancestry in modern human populations. We begin with an overview of the f- and D-statistics, covering their conceptual principles and important applications, as well as any extensions developed for them. We then cover a combination of more recent and more complex methods for admixture and ancestry inference, discussing tests for direct ancestry between two populations, quantification of admixture in large data sets, and determination of admixture dates. These methods have revolutionized our understanding of human population history and highlight its complexity. Therefore, we emphasize that current methods may not capture this population history in its entirety but nonetheless provide a reasonable picture that is supported by data from multiple methods and from the historical record.