cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variable host phenology does not pose a barrier to invasive weevils in a northern hardwood forest

1 A suite of invasive weevils has established in hardwood forests of the North American Great Lakes Region. We quantified patterns of host availability and the capacity of adults to succeed in a system with high host variability both within and between seasons in Michigan, U.S.A. 2 We quantified phenological development of foliage on three host species [sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall; ironwood, Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch; and raspberry, Rubus spp.]. We estimated adult abundance using emergence traps and sweep net sampling over 3 years, and compared field host associations with laboratory choice assays. 3 Host plant phenology varied among species, between years, and in their interactions. The four most common weevils, Phyllobius oblongus (L.), Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller), Barypeithes pellucidus (Boheman) and Sciaphilus asperatus (Bonsdorff), emerged in early to mid-June, in approximately that order. After emergence, each species showed evidence of host preference based on their abundances on foliage. Overall, P. oblongus and B. pellucidus were most prevalent on sugar maple, P. sericeus was most prevalent on ironwood, and S. asperatus was relatively evenly distributed. Laboratory choice tests with P. oblongus and P. sericeus confirmed these preferences. 4 These four invasive species comprised over 99% of all 12 845 weevils obtained, suggesting displacement of native species. The optimal sampling methods varied among weevil species. 5 These invasive weevils contend with the highly variable conditions of their environment, and also potential phenological asynchrony, via relatively late emergence, even at the cost of lower host quality. Annual variation is greater for numbers of adults than larvae, suggesting that mortality of late instars or pupae is particularly important.
Understanding Employee Delight and Voice From the Internal Marketing Perspective

This study examines the relationship between internal marketing (employee delight and voice) and employee behavior from a marketing perspective. The response rate of the completed 335 surveys was 45%. Structural equation modeling was used in order to examine the proposed model. Results indicate that internal marketing practices are positively related to employee job satisfaction, employee job satisfaction was negatively related to employee turnover intention, and employee job satisfaction was positively related to employee commitment to customer service. Implications for the industry and future research are offered.
Comparison of visual sensitivity for suppression of pineal melatonin and circadian phase-shifting in the golden hamster

Visual sensitivity for light suppression of pineal melatonin was measured in golden hamsters using 300 s stimuli of monochromatic light (503 nm) in constant darkness. Increasing stimulus irradiance caused a monotonic decrease in pineal-melatonin content. Irradiance greater than3.5 × 1010 photons cm−2·s−1 caused significant reductions of melatonin in the hamster pineal. Saturation of the response occurred above 1011 photons cm−2·s−1 and melatonin levels were suppressed to approximately 7% of levels measured in unstimulated animals. Using a 4-parameter Naka-Rushton function to fit the data, the half-saturation constant for suppression of pineal melatonin was1.3 × 1010 photons cm−2· s−1. The sensitivity of the photic-entrainment pathway for circadian rhythms has also been measured in the hamster usingidentical stimulus parameters. Light suppression of pineal melatonin was 25 times (1.4 log units) more sensitive to irradiance than the phase-shifting response measured for the circadian rhythm of running-wheel activity (comparing the half-saturation constants for the two responses). Both of these responses, however, are much less sensitive to light than other visual responses measured behaviorally in the golden hamster.
Biomonitoring of Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides: McKelvey et al. Respond.

In their letter, Ross and Ginevan criticize the conclusion of our recent article on pesticide biomonitoring in New York City (NYC), in which we stated that Estimates of exposure to pyrethroids and dimethyl organophosphates were higher in NYC than in the United States overall, underscoring the importance of considering pest and pesticide burdens in cities when formulating pesticide regulations. (McKelvey et al. 2013) However, in our article, we raised similar concerns as Ross and Ginevan—namely, the possibility that the exposures we measured could have been exposures to the metabolites themselves or to compounds that originated in food (either as the parent compound or the metabolite). We discussed the reduced likelihood that the dimethyl metabolites originated from structural pest control, based on limited use of these products for indoor pest control in NYC at the time. We also noted the possibility of exposure through use of flea and tick control products on pets or for outdoor garden care. Tetrachlorvinphos is a common ingredient in flea and tick products and a credible source of exposure in New York City, where pets tend to stay indoors and living spaces are smaller. We call attention to recent concern over indoor use of dichlorvos, a dimethyl organophoshate ingredient of insecticidal pest strips, which could have also been a source of exposure (Tsai et al. 2014). Our interpretation of elevated levels of urinary dimethyl phosphates in NYC adults was consistent with the recommendation of Krieger et al. (2012), cited by Ross and Ginevan in their letter, that use of dialkylphosphate compounds as biomarkers of exposure to organophosphates be limited to identifying potentially exposed groups or changing use patterns. We followed this recommendation in reporting evidence for increased exposure to dimethyl organophosphate products at the high end of the distribution in the general NYC adult population. More importantly, pyrethroids are now the largest share of structural pesticide applications in NYC (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2014). The 95th percentiles of urinary pyrethroid metabolites we measured in NYC adults were higher than those in the general U.S. population. Exposure may be greater in NYC because of more applications, drift between housing units in multiunit dwellings, or other factors related to the built environment. The registration and regulation of pesticides do not adequately account for such phenomena. More regulatory oversight of pesticide use in densely populated areas such as NYC is a logical response.
The configuration of polysomes in solution

Abstract Sedimentation coefficients of polysomes containing from 1 to 12 ribosomes have been calculated and compared with experimental data obtained by other workers. Helical polysome models, in which the helix pitch is the same as the center-to-center nearest neighbor ribosome distance, give configurations which are too compact. Random coil polysome models, generated by complete enumeration or by Monte Carlo computer techniques on tetrahedral and five-choice cubic lattices and in free space, taking excluded volume effects into accounts, give configurations which are too extended. Satisfactory agreement with experiment may be obtained by increasing the helix pitch or by invoking small attractive interactions, of magnitude a few tenths of a kcal/mole, between ribosomes in random configurations. Although neither possibility can be definitely excluded, it is argued that the configuration of polysomes in solution is largely random. The effect of messenger RNA “tails” on the sedimentation of small polysomes is also discussed.
Variability of recent ground surface temperature changes in the Albuquerque basin, central New Mexico

[1] Subsurface temperature measurements have been taken at four sites over a large area within the Albuquerque basin, central New Mexico. These data were taken in the unsaturated zone in order to avoid potential water movement in the saturated zone, so that a better estimate of surface temperature change might be realized. The data imply surface temperature change is not constant across the area. Unexpectedly, large upward water flow is suggested at one site having a very unique hydrogeologic environment. Different amounts of surface warming, likely caused by land cover change and encroaching urbanization, are estimated at two other sites. Data from a fourth site do not indicate a statistically significant surface temperature change, although the effects of urbanization and possibly increased evaporation in the past several years add ambiguity to the interpretation. These four sites indicate the potential variability of phenomena affecting subsurface temperatures in the Albuquerque basin.
What is mahogany? The importance of a taxonomic framework for conservation: Is there a future for mahogany?Edited by Andrew MacLellan

Taxonomy is an integral part of conservation and management because it allows managers to define taxa that can be managed to conserve the range of diversity in an ecosystem. This however, depends upon that classification being an accurate description of the taxon, and its interspecific relationships. Misidentification, or an inaccurate, or inadequate classification may lead to the loss of diversity through inadequate protection.Swieteniais a genus of the Meliaceae comprising three species:S. humilis, S. macrophyllaandS. mahagoni. The biological boundaries between these species are not clear-cut, and many biological processes within and among these taxa are poorly understood. The following areas are identified as research priorities to resolve the relationships among the three species ofSwietenia: hybrid zones, cytology and distribution of morphological variation. Preliminary data testingS. macrophyllafor DNA markers that allow identification independent of phenotype are presented here. This is the first reported analysis of cpDNA in the genusSwietenia. It is shown that while there is substantial genetic variation in the genome as a whole, variation in the chloroplast genome is low.
Density and Volume Fraction of Supercritical CO2 in Pores of Native and Oxidized Aerogels

The density and volume fraction of an adsorbed phase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in aerogels was investigated using a formalism based on independent measurements of neutron transmission and small-angle neutron scattering from fluid-saturated absorbers (Rother et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 15736 (2007)). The range of excess fluid pressures (0 < P < 8 MPa) and temperatures (T = 35°C and 80°C) corresponded to the supercritical regime above the critical temperature TC = 31.1°C and critical density ρC = 0.468 g · cm−3 of the bulk fluid. The results demonstrate that a porous aerogel matrix works to create an adsorbed phase with liquid-like fluid densities reaching ~1.1 g · cm−3 and ~0.8 g · cm−3 at T = 35°C and 80°C, respectively. Thus, despite the fact that the density and volume fraction of the adsorbed fluid both decrease with temperature, the dense adsorbed phase is still present in the aerogel at temperatures far exceeding the TC. Heat treatment (“oxidation”) of the aerogel at 500°C for 2 h, which removes a significant fraction of the alkyl groups from the aerogel surface, has little effect on the adsorption properties. The observed reduction of the density and volume fraction of the adsorbed CO2 with temperature and its minor dependence on the surface modification are consistent with predictions of the pore-filling model.
The kinetics of enzyme inactivation

The course of hydrolysis of β-glycerophosphate catalyzed by a group of different enzyme extracts, both with and without the addition of Mg, with and without preincubation of the enzyme, has been studied and the results discussed on the basis of a mathematical analysis. In all the extracts, it appears that two distinct and independently acting constituent enzymes—or perhaps “principles” of the same enzyme—are present, one acting much more rapidly but also more rapidly inactivated than the other. Storage in the refrigerator changes markedly the behavior of both constituents, though in different ways. There is evidence that in some cases an enzyme is limited in its hydrolytic “capacity” in the sense that after an enzyme molecule has decomposed a definite number of substrate molecules, it thereafter becomes entirely passive. Further, there is evidence, in the case of one extract, that the roles of catalytically more and less active constituents in the absence of Mg are reversed in its presence. Finally, a damped periodicity is found which indicates the presence of two factors of an unknown sort which influence and are influenced by the inactivation of the enzyme.
Selection and fusion of auxotrophic protoplasts of Candida albicans.

Auxotrophic mutants of C. albicans obtained by the method described by Henson and McClary (1979) were conditioned in a tris buffered EDTA-dithiothreitol solution then converted to protoplasts by suspension in osmotically stabilized buffer containing β-glucuronidase. Complementary protoplasts were mixed in an osmotically stabilized polyethylene glycol solution and at appropriate times were plated respectively in osmotically stabilized minimal and complete agar media. From colony counts resulting from growth on the respective media, the proportion of fused complementary protoplasts (prototrophic colonies) to the total viable number of colony forming units was determined. Stability tests of selected colonies from the minimal and complete agar revealed multiple revertants, but the numbers declined to low frequencies upon repeated selective plating and isolation. Acridine orange staining of cultures thus stabilized revealed various sizes of cells with their numbers of nuclei (DNA-staining regions) varying from one to five, such that it was not determined whether the prototrophic cultures were monokaryons, heterokaryons or a mixture of the two.
Production Characteristics, Water Quality, and Costs of Producing Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus at Different Stocking Densities in Single‐batch Production

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus farming is the largest component of aquaculture in the USA. Culture technologies have evolved over time, and little recent work has been conducted on the effects of stocking density on production characteristics and water quality. Twelve 0.1-ha ponds were stocked with 13- to 15-cm fingerlings (16 g) at either 8600, 17,300, 26,000, or 34,600 fish/ha in single-batch culture with three replicates per treatment. Fish were fed daily to apparent satiation with a 32% floating commercial catfish feed. Nitrite-N, nitrate-N, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Secchi disk visibility, chlorophyll a, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were monitored. Ponds were harvested after a 201-d culture period (March 26, 2003 to October 13, 2003). Net yield increased significantly (P 0.57 kg) decreased with increasing stocking density. Survival was not significantly different among densities. Mean and maximum daily feeding rates increased with density, but feed conversion ratios did not differ significantly among treatments (overall average of 1.42), despite the fact that at the higher stocking densities, the feeding rates sometimes exceeded 112 kg/ha per d (100 lb/ac per d). Morning DO concentrations fell below 3 mg/L only once in a 34,600 fish/ha pond. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, COD, nitrite-N, and TAN increased nominally with increasing feed quantities but did not reach levels considered problematic even at the highest stocking densities. Breakeven prices were lowest for the highest stocking density even after accounting for the additional time and growth required for submarketable fish to reach market size. While total costs were higher for the higher density treatments, the relatively higher yields more than compensated for higher costs.
Review of short-wave infrared spectroscopy and imaging methods for biological tissue characterization

We present a review of short-wave infrared (SWIR, defined here as ∼1000 to 2000 nm) spectroscopy and imaging techniques for biological tissue optical property characterization. Studies indicate notable SWIR absorption features of tissue constituents including water (near 1150, 1450, and 1900 nm), lipids (near 1040, 1200, 1400, and 1700 nm), and collagen (near 1200 and 1500 nm) that are much more prominent than corresponding features observed in the visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR, defined here as ∼400 to 1000 nm). Furthermore, the wavelength dependence of the scattering coefficient has been observed to follow a power-law decay from the VIS-NIR to the SWIR region. Thus, the magnitude of tissue scattering is lower at SWIR wavelengths than that observed at VIS or NIR wavelengths, potentially enabling increased penetration depth of incident light at SWIR wavelengths that are not highly absorbed by the aforementioned chromophores. These aspects of SWIR suggest that the tissue spectroscopy and imaging in this range of wavelengths have the potential to provide enhanced sensitivity (relative to VIS-NIR measurements) to chromophores such as water and lipids, thereby helping to characterize changes in the concentrations of these chromophores due to conditions such as atherosclerotic plaque, breast cancer, and burns.
Mechanism of the tumor suppressive effect of MnSOD overexpression

The mitochondrial antioxidant protein manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been shown to be a new type of tumor suppressor protein. Overexpression of MnSOD protein inhibits growth in a wide variety of cancer types. This review examines the molecular mechanism of the tumor suppressive effect of MnSOD. Three species have been proposed to cause the tumor suppressive effect: superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. At the present time, the evidence appears strongest that hydrogen peroxide is the effector molecule since both catalase and glutathione peroxidase has been shown to modulate the effect. Surprisingly, in different cancer cell lines, overexpression of GPx has been found to both decrease and increase the growth inhibitory effect of MnSOD overexpression. Knowledge of which molecule causes the tumor suppressive effect of MnSOD and the mechanism of action will likely lead to new therapies for the treatment of cancer.
Tissue source dictates lineage outcome of human fetal CD34 CD38 cells

Abstract Objective The translocation from fetal liver hematopoiesis to secondary organs occurs during the second trimester of human gestation. It has been hypothesized that stem cells migrate and acquire lineage potential based on cues specific to the adopted microenvironment. We evaluated primitive hematopoietic cell populations in the fetal human to determine if lineage restriction precedes or follows translocation to sites of hematopoietic activity including thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and liver. Methods Sets of hematopoietic tissues from individual second-trimester human abortuses were used to compare and quantitate the lineage outcome of immunophenotypically primitive cells from each of the hematopoietic organs using ex vivo myeloid and lymphoid differentiation systems. Results Despite uniformity in immunophenotype, functional capabilities were highly restricted by the tissue of origin and alteration in the ex vivo differentiation context did not lead to a change in differentiation outcome. Conclusion Translocation of primitive cells from fetal liver to tissues of mature hematopoietic activity is associated with tissue-specific, quantitative changes in differentiation potential that are unresponsive to alternative differentiation environments. These data suggest that multipotentiality is lost prior to or upon stem-cell migration in the developing human. It is not persistent with residence in a secondary hematopoietic organ.
Effects of interferon-γ on the activation of human T lymphocytes

The role of interferon (IFN)-gamma in the activation of human T cells was investigated. Addition of IFN-gamma to mixed-lymphocyte cultures (MLC) augmented both the proliferation and the development of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. IFN-gamma also augmented the early expression on CD8+ but not CD4+ lymphocytes of IL-2 receptor alpha chain (Tac antigen) and Class II major histocompatibility antigen (HLA-DR). This effect synergized with that caused by interleukin 2 and was not observed with IFN-alpha. The addition of neutralizing antibody against IFN-gamma to MLC suppressed the development of cytotoxicity and proliferation and the expression of activation antigens on CD8+ cells. In experiments in which highly purified CD8+ T cells were activated with cell-free stimuli, IFN-gamma slightly but significantly augmented proliferation, antibody to IFN-gamma suppressed proliferation, and excess IFN-gamma reversed this suppression. It is concluded that (i) IFN-gamma augmented activation of T cells in human MLC, (ii) IFN-gamma exerted effects directly on T cells, and (iii) IFN-gamma preferentially augmented CD8+ cell activation.
Photoperiod effects on hypothalamic serotonergic activity in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Abstract 1. 1. The nature of hypothalamic serotonergic activity in goldfish exposed to various photo-period regimes was examined for day -night differences. 2. 2. Fish maintained throughout the course of these experiments on a short photoperiod (8L/16D, 20°C) showed no day-night differences in hypothalamic serotonin content or in serotonergic activity. 3. 3. Fish transferred from the short photoperiod to a long photoperiod (16L/8D, 20°C) developed day-night differences in hypothalamic serotonin content within 72 h, while day night differences in hypothalamic serotonergic activity were observed after 2 weeks. 4. 4. Data presented suggest that hypothalamic serotonergic mechanisms play a role in mediating the effects of photoperiod on physiological processes in goldfish.
Aspects of four-jet production in polarized proton-proton collisions.

We examine the intrinsic spin dependence of the dominant {ital gg}{r_arrow}{ital gggg} subprocess contribution to four-jet production in polarized proton-proton collisions using helicity amplitude techniques. We find that the partonic level, longitudinal spin-spin asymmetry {ital {cflx a}}{sub {ital L}{ital L}} is intrinsically large in the kinematic regions probed in experiments detecting four isolated jets. Such events may provide another qualitative or semiquantitative test of the spin structure of QCD in planned polarized {ital pp} collisions at BNL RHIC.
Large Farms, Local Politics, and the International Arena: The Irish Tax Dispute of 1979

Irish farmers have traditionally supported the two major political parties in part in order to influence governments who made national farm policy. Ireland's entry into the European Economic Community in 1973 shifted the locus of agricultural policy-making to the continent and changed the ability of Irish politicians to control the provision of goods and services to their constituents. The "large farmers" of County Meath were quick to see that their economic livelihoods demanded a redefinition of their political roles. The national tax dispute of 1979 established a pattern in Irish politics in which Irish commercial fanners have eschewed many of their former political roles and have joined ranks within the increasingly powerful national farmers' organization, the Irish Farmers' Association, in order to affect national and international agricultural and tax policy decisions. This Irish case is an example of an international phenomenon, namely, the erosion of the material bases of a decreasing population of...
Cross-linking and proteolysis in Ca2(+)-treated lens homogenates.

Abstract It was previously shown (Lorand et al. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 1525) that treatment of lens homogenate with Ca 2+ produces two sets of changes which are catalyzed by intrinsic enzymes of the lens and which can be readily seen by alterations in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of proteins. With the aid of differential inhibitors of the two reactions (e.g., dansylcadaverine and leupeptin) it was possible to distinguish the transglutaminase-dependent cross-linking of proteins from the proteolytic degradative phenomena. We have now shown that the proteins which are affected by the two processes can be compartmentalized differentially by centrifuging the lens homogenate after exposure to Ca 2+ . The dimeric and oligomeric β-crystallin products of transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking are most clearly visible in the soluble supernatant, whereas the proteolytically susceptible proteins - possibly structural in nature, including vimentin - are predominantly present in the pellet. We have found a compound, 2-[3-(diallylamino)propionyl]benzothiophene, which, by virtue of acting as a noncompetitive inhibitor of transglutaminase as well as of calpains I and II, effectively blocked both the cross-linking seen in the supernatant and the proteolysis seen in the pellet fraction, though perhaps with somewhat different sensitivities.
Computed tomography appearance of golden's “S” sign

The computed tomography version of Golden's "S" sign is strongly suggestive of a centrally obstructing carcinoma. Although more easily seen in the right lung, the "S" sign can be detected in any lobe on computed tomography. The computed tomography appearance of Golden's "S" sign is described and illustrated.
Demixing of Oxides under a Temperature Gradient

The microscopic mechanism of a demixing of binary oxide solid solution in an oxidizing atmosphere under a temperature gradient is investigated by the path probability method of irreversibly statistical mechanics. The problem is reduced to a steady-state metal ion transport under the coexistence of an oxygen partial pressure gradient and a temperature gradient. Calculations are performed under two different conditions: (i) demixing in a steady-state diffusion process under the two driving forces and (ii) a redistribution of constituent metal ions in a closed system under a given temperature gradient (Soret effect). The results can be interpreted as the superposition of the contributions of two driving forces plus a cross term which tends to zero as the driving forces become small. The difference between these two cases is discussed in detail and some controversies in the past work with respect to the difference are pointed out.
Producer Services Research in U.S. Regional Studies

Fifteen years of academic concern about the extent, causes, and implications of the explosion of service activities as a proportion of regional and national employment and income have verified the increased proportion of employment in these activities, their tendencies toward concentration, their structural role in local economies, their potential to form part of a region's economic base, and their importance in assisting other activities in the regional economy. There has been some progress in modeling the locational needs of intermediate or producer services. Beyond this progress, however, lies much uncharted territory. This paper makes recommendations for the direction of basic research and of policy-oriented work.
Electronic states of oxalic acid and dimethyloxalate. Luminescence studies

A short-lived phosphorescence is observed from oxalic acid, dimethyloxalate ester, and covalent oxalate salts such as those of zinc and cadmium. The phosphorescence is attributed to the transition 13Au → 11Ag(π∗ → n) of the C2htrans-planar oxalate moiety or to the transition 23A → 11A(C2) with which it correlates when the molecule is not planar. The phosphorescence of gllassy solutions refers to emissive relaxation of an excited oxalate entity which is believed to be nonplanar. The phosphorescence of crystalline oxalate entities originates largely from defect centers which might retain planar oxalate geometries. The intersystem (S1 aw T1) crossing event in crystalline dimethyl-oxalate exhibits a striking vibronic effect which is based on coupling of bg modes for which ν ≈ 400 cm−1.
New methods for the study of the carbon monoxide compounds of respiratory enzymes.

Abstract Several highly refined physical methods have been described for the study of the CO compounds of the respiratory pigments of living cell suspensions. These methods reveal significant differences in the respiratory enzymes of different bacterial cells and our results suggest that Staphylococcus albus contains a new respiratory enzyme that has a prosthetic group closely related to the protohemin enzymes and that this respiratory pigment should be classified as a completely new type of respiratory enzyme.
Coping skills training: Potential for prevention of fears and anxieties

Coping skills procedures, techniques which teach the individual an active skill for dealing with a variety of anxiety-provoking situations, may be an effective method of preventing fears and anxiety reactions. Outcome data in general indicate the effectiveness of such procedures in the treatment of fears. An examination of the epidemiological data on fears and anxieties and the characteristics of coping skills training in relation to some basic requirements for prevention programs indicates the preventive potential of coping skills procedures.
Spontaneous Ulcerative Keratitis in Immunocompromised Patients

We studied the occurrence of ulcerative keratitis in five eyes of four patients who were examined at the University of Maryland Hospital ophthalmology clinic over a 12-month period. All were young women who were intravenous drug abusers, with no known pre-disposing factors for ulcerative keratitis. Two patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), one was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive, and the fourth refused HIV testing. One had a corneoscleral limbus to corneoscleral limbus keratitis; three had inferiorly located corneal ulcers (bilateral in one patient with AIDS). Corneal cultures disclosed Capnocytophaga species in the corneoscleral limbus to corneoscleral limbus keratitis. The remaining ulcers were polymicrobial; cultures of three grew Candida albicans , cultures of two grew alpha-hemolytic streptococci, cultures of two grew Staphylococcus aureus , and culture of one grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment with topical fortified antibiotics and antifungal agents resulted in complete healing in all four inferiorly located ulcers. The corneal ulcer became perforated and the eye was eviscerated. Histopathologic analysis of the eviscerated specimen disclosed acute keratitis with necrosis and no microorganisms.
Human-Inspired Multi-Contact Locomotion with AMBER2

This paper presents a methodology for translating a key feature encoded in human locomotion --- multi-contact behavior --- to a physical 2D bipedal robot, AMBER2, by leveraging novel controller design, optimization methods, and software structures for the translation to hardware. This paper begins with the analysis of human locomotion data and uses it to motivate the construction of a hybrid system model representing a multi-contact robotic walking gait. By again looking to human data for inspiration, human-inspired controllers are developed and used in the formulation of an optimization problem that yields stable human-like multi-domain walking in simulation. These formal results are translated to hardware implementation via a novel dynamic trajectory generation strategy. Finally, the specific software structures utilized to translate these trajectories to hardware are presented. The end result is experimentally realized stable robotic walking with remarkably human-like multi-contact foot behaviors.
The division between onsets and rimes in English syllables

Abstract Linguistic and psycholinguistic evidence suggests that the English syllable has two main parts—an onset (initial consonant or cluster) and a rime (vowel and any following consonants). For example, subjects learn manipulations that respect the unity of onsets and rimes more easily than manipulations that do not. The present results showed that these findings held for real words as well as for nonwords and for three-consonant onsets as well as for one- and two-consonant onsets. The strength of the onset/rime division did not vary with the phonetic category of the prevocalic consonant. Finally, although college students learned a word game involving the analysis of syllables more quickly than did 8-year-olds, the two groups showed similar effects of syllable structure.
Approximate Realization of Fractional-Order 2-D IIR Frequency-Planar Filters

Starting with the established concepts of multi-dimensional network resonance, practical-bounded-input-bounded-output (BIBO) stability of multi-dimensional discrete systems, and the integer order approximation of fractional order filters, a new method for the realization of integer-order approximations of 2-D fractional-order systems having frequency-planar beam shaped passbands is proposed. The method results in 2-D infinite impulse response (IIR) filters having nonseparable denominators in their transfer-functions while having guaranteed practical-BIBO stability for zero initial conditions in the corresponding discrete system. The resulting integer-order filters are shown to approximate 2-D fractional order frequency-planar beam shapes in both magnitude and phase leading to a new theoretical tool for use in the emerging area of multi-dimensional fractional-order circuits and systems. Although examples are provided for frequency-planar filters in two dimensions, the proposed methods are equally applicable to other types of transfer-functions having prototypes based on resistively-terminated passive networks defined over any integer number of dimensions.
The Meaning of Rorschach Inkblots, Responses and Determinants as Perceived by Children

Abstract Fifteen semantic-differential scales were applied to the Rorschach inkblots, to nine common Rorschach responses representing various Rorschach determinants, and to two determinants not embodied in responses. Ss consisted of third, sixth, and ninth grade public school children separated by sex within each group. Children significantly differentiated the inkblots on the semantic scales, with older children differentiating the blots more sharply. Girls differentiated the blots at an earlier age than did boys. Individual cards differed widely in regard to their strongest connotations. Children significantly differentiated the majority of responses and determinants on the semantic scales for all age groups. The connotations of the cards, responses and determinants tended to be consistent with commonly held Rorschach interpretations. In general, the findings for children were consistent with the results previously reported for adults. The connotations of chromatic inkblots were found to differ signific...
External Mass Continuation and Commutation Relations in π − π Scattering

Single-variable, subtracted dispersion relations in the external mass and energy are used to calculate the difference between the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ amplitude evaluated at physical threshold and at the unphysical zero point which occurs in the application of current-algebra techniques. All differences are relatively small. For one of the amplitudes this is in disagreement with the result obtained using expansion techniques. Further, the pseudoscalar density commutator, which lies outside the ${\mathrm{SU}}_{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{SU}}_{3}$ algebra, is evaluated from a model using only conventional fields. The resulting current-algebra relations differ from those given by the quark model. However, the scattering lengths obtained, ${a}_{0}=+0.18$ and ${a}_{2}=\ensuremath{-}0.04$, are consistent with those obtained by Weinberg using expansion techniques together with the quark model. This appears to be nontrivial, since our mass extrapolation and quark-model commutation relations for the pseudoscalar density give a different result, ${a}_{0}=+0.05$, ${a}_{2}=\ensuremath{-}0.09$. The $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ sum rule involving an unsubtracted dispersion relation is evaluated. The $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson gives the dominant contribution, in contrast to the subtracted dispersion integrals where it gives only minor contributions. Crossing symmetry implies large background contributions from the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ in the crossed channel and when these are taken into account, the sum rule is approximately satisfied with our scattering lengths.
Differential effects of advancing age on neurotransmitter cell loss in the substantia nigra and striatum of C57BL/6N mice

The present study was carried out to examine the extrapyramidal motor system of C57BL/6N mice for age-related cell loss in cholinergic neurons of the striatum (ST) and dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). Immunocytochemistry using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or choline acetyltransferase (CAT) were used to identify DA or cholinergic neurons of the SN and ST in 6 age groups of young (3 months), middle (6, 10, 20 months) and old (25, 30 months) aged mice. We found that while there was a small decline (11%) in the total number of DA neurons of the SN with age, this decrease did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, the total number of cholinergic neurons of the ST significantly decreased between 25 and 30 months of age with the largest cell loss (38%) found in the rostral ST. In addition, the loss of cholinergic neurons in 30-month-old mice was paralleled by a decline in the mean cross-sectional area of the cell soma and nucleus of remaining cholinergic neurons. These data suggest that advancing age has a differential effect on neurotransmitter neurons of the SN and ST and supports the notion that cell loss is not an inevitable characteristic of senescence but is brain region- and cell type-specific. In addition, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that the proliferation of striatal dendrites described previously in aged C57BL/6N mice may result, in part, from a compensatory growth of these processes secondary to age-related cell loss of striatal neurons.
Personality traits and medical outcome of cardiac illness.

Abstract Objective Our goal was to examine the empirical literature on the effect of personality traits on the medical outcome of cardiac illness. Method Pub Med and Psychological Abstracts were searched for the years 1990 to September 2009 using the terms personality, personality traits, personality disorder, health, recovery from illness, cardiac illness and surgical recovery. Articles were then selected that were prospective, had a peer review published measure of personality, a standardized measure of outcome of physical illness and at least one year follow up. Results Seven articles were identified that met our criteria. All seven had a significant finding that personality traits predicted medical outcomes. Of these seven articles six had similar enough measures of personality to be included in a meta analysis. (All used Type D personality.) Meta analysis found an odds ratio of 3.76 for Type D personality traits predicting poorer medical outcome. This indicated that patients with Type D personality had a 276% increase in the odds of a poor medical outcome compared to patients without Type D personality. Conclusions These findings indicate that personality traits are a strong predictor of medical outcome of cardiac disease.
The histories of Kawasaki disease

Abstract This paper describes the historical evolution of the Kawasaki disease (KD) from a pediatric vasculitis to a clinical syndrome with a putative infectious cause. The KD clinical criteria were developed before the general acceptance of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) as sequelae. Later, the pediatric vasculitis labeled in 1963 as infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN) would be viewed as the fatal end of a KD spectrum. Research efforts that focus on identifying the KD etiologic agent(s) may be hampered by the fact that a significant number of children develop CAA without meeting the KD criteria and are therefore excluded from research protocols. In what follows, we suggest that the reluctance to adopt a broader view of the spectrum of KD results more from historical circumstance than from scientific findings.
A nonasymptotic triple deck model for supersonic boundary-layer interaction

This investigation presents an approximate nonasymptotic theory for the Lighthill-Stewartson triple-deck model of supersonic laminar boundary-layer interaction. The emphasis of the present study is on supersonic flows in the Reynolds number range 10 4 <Re< 106, where the viscous sublayer is of comparable thickness to the inviscid interaction layer. The two principal simplifications of the lowest-order asymptotic theory, the neglect of the stream-tube divergence in the inviscid interaction layer, and compressibility effects in the sublayer, are examined in detail. Novel features of the theoretical development are the momentum integral treatment of the viscous sublayer and the separation pressure criterion used to determine its effective edge. Numerical solutions are presented for shock and wedge induced separation phenomena for Mach numbers in the range Z^A/oo^lO. The theoretically predicted interaction pressure field is in good agreement with experimental measurement. One of the interesting new results is the gradual shift from the triple-deck to the single-layer description, since the Mach number increases as predicted by the recent asymptotic analysis of Brown, Stewartson, and Williams (see Ref. 7) for hypersonic interactions. The existence of supercritical -subcritical jumps observed in single-layer integral theories for highly cooled wall flows is also examined. Present results indicate that these jumps do not occur if the wall compatibility conditions derived from the boundary-layer equations are satisfied, and the integral averaging is performed across the sublayer alone.
Journal Prestige in Public Administration A Research Note

This article compares journal prestige in 1975 and 1978 in the field of public administration. Information from two surveys of the membership of the American Society for Public Administration formed the data base for the study. Two dimensions of the concept of prestige have been analyzed: intensity and extensity. The intensity rating measured the strength of feeling toward a particular journal, while the extensity rating measured the breadth of recognition for a journal. The results of these surveys revealed differences between academic and practitioner perceptions of public administration and related journals which may indicate some trends for the field.
Value-Added Products From FGD Sulfite-Rich Scrubber Materials

Massive quantities of sulfite-rich flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber materials are produced every year in the USA. In fact, at present, the production of wet sulfite-rich scrubber cake outstrips the production of wet sulfate-rich scrubber cake by about 6 million tons per year. However, most of the utilization focus has centered on FGD gypsum. Therefore, we have recently initiated research on developing new strategies for the economical, but environmentally-sound, utilization of sulfite-rich scrubber material. In this exploratory project (Phase I), we attempted to ascertain whether it is feasible to develop reconstituted wood replacement products from sulfite-rich scrubber material. In pursuit of this goal, we characterized two different wet sulfite-rich scrubber materials, obtained from two power plants burning Midwestern coal, for their suitability for the development of value-added products. The overall strategy adopted was to fabricate composites where the largest ingredient was scrubber material with additional crop materials as additives. Our results suggested that it may be feasible to develop composites with flexural strength as high as 40 MPa (5800 psi) without the addition of external polymers. We also attempted to develop load-bearing composites from scrubber material, natural fibers, and phenolic polymer. The polymer-to-solid ratio was limited to {le} 0.4. Themore » formulated composites showed flexural strengths as high as 73 MPa (10,585 psi). We plan to harness the research outcomes from Phase I to develop parameters required to upscale our value-added products in Phase II.« less
Miniature Excess Enthalpy Combustor for Microscale Power Generation

The availability of electrical power for autonomous systems is a critical issue facing the modern military. Miniature power generators that burn hydrocarbon fuel have the potential to be more compact and longer lived than chemical batteries as a portable power source. The goal of this program was to investigate the feasibility of a miniature excess enthalpy combustor for use in microscale electrical power generators. Preliminary test results were used to fix the scale of the prototype combustion system. MEMS fabrication techniques were used to construct miniature manifolds that could not be produced using conventional machining techniques. A prototype, miniature excess enthalpy combustor with a combustion chamber volume of 27mm was fabricated and tested. The flame has been shown to quench when the propane flow rate is reduced below 0.18g/hr, which corresponds to approximately 2.5W assuming complete combustion. The measured exhaust gas temperature at the exit of the combustion chamber was 17% higher when the exhaust gas heat was recuperated than when it was not. A flame could be established inside the combustor for equivalence ratios in the range of approximately 0.9 < (j) < 1.1, and, to the accuracy of the measurements, this range was not affected by the heat recovery.
Elderly migration: household versus individual approaches.

This paper employs a household approach to elderly migration analyses and compares it with the traditional individual approach. The first part of the paper develops some concepts about household mobility and relates them to individual mobility. It then compares the two mobility measurements in a case study using the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the 1990 [U.S.] Census. The results show that the mean household size for the elderly moving together tends to be smaller than that for elderly stayers. It also demonstrates the utility of the household approach on profiling elderly movers living arrangement choices. The second part of the paper calibrates a set of discrete choice models based on the household and individual approaches. (EXCERPT)
Rooting phylogenies using gene duplications: An empirical example from the bees (Apoidea)

The placement of the root node in a phylogeny is fundamental to characterizing evolutionary relationships. The root node of bee phylogeny remains unclear despite considerable previous attention. In order to test alternative hypotheses for the location of the root node in bees, we used the F1 and F2 paralogs of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1a) to compare the tree topologies that result when using outgroup versus paralogous rooting. Fifty-two taxa representing each of the seven bee families were sequenced for both copies of EF-1a. Two datasets were analyzed. In the first (the ‘‘concatenated’’ dataset), the F1 and F2 copies for each species were concatenated and the tree was rooted using appropriate outgroups (sphecid and crabronid wasps). In the second dataset (the ‘‘duplicated’’ dataset), the F1 and F2 copies were aligned to each another and each copy for all taxa were treated as separate terminals. In this dataset, the root was placed between the F1 and F2 copies (e.g., paralog rooting). Bayesian analyses demonstrate that the outgroup rooting approach outperforms paralog rooting, recovering deeper clades and showing stronger support for groups well established by both morphological and other molecular data. Sequence characteristics of the two copies were compared at the amino acid level, but little evidence was found to suggest that one copy is more functionally conserved. Although neither approach yields an unambiguous root to the tree, both approaches strongly indicate that the root of bee phylogeny does not fall near Colletidae, as has been previously proposed. We discuss paralog rooting as a general strategy and why this approach performs relatively poorly with our particular dataset.