cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconciliation or Reconstruction? Further Thoughts on Political Forgiveness

Over the past decade a substantial literature has emerged on the concept of political forgiveness and the process of restorative justice. This article argues that importing an idea of forgiveness into political affairs is a mistake. It is not necessary for the promotion of peace and security, and it is has been construed in a way that leans heavily toward Christian conceptions of forgiveness, as is evident in the influence of Desmond Tutu. The article also examines the influence of Hegelian recognition theory in current discussions of the political benefits of forgiveness, and reviews the case of postwar German-Jewish relations, which conformed more closely to traditional Jewish thinking on forgiveness than to the Christian-Hegelian (multicultural) model.
What does “Political” Mean to You?

How do regular people define the term “political”? This original study gives Americans and Canadians an opportunity to express their interpretations of the concept. It identifies a great deal of inter-personal variation in terms of how many and what kinds of topics people perceive as the stuff of politics. And this variation comes in predictable patterns: the findings reveal correlations between socio-political attributes (such as gender, nationality and ideology) and the boundaries people draw around the political domain. The study also provides insight into the ways people distinguish the political from the non-political in their minds. And importantly, individuals’ interpretations of the term “politics” relate systematically to other measures of self-reported political behavior including political interest and frequency of political discussion. These results can be used to refine survey analysis and to broaden knowledge of day-to-day citizen politics.
Abstract 3253: Genetic loci that contribute to aristolochic acid nephropathy and associated upper urothelial cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Aristolochic acids (AA) are nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids found in all Aristolochia species which have been used historically as herbal remedies throughout the world. AA are the suspected causative agent for aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN), and so-called Chinese Herb Nephropathy (CHN). Hallmarks of these disease entities are proximal tubule damage and interstitial fibrosis leading to end stage renal disease. At least half of all patients also develop cancers of the upper urothelial tract (UUC). Aristolochic acid-DNA adducts generate signature A:T->T:A transversions in TP53. Such mutations are rare in sporadic urothelial cancers but predominate in UUC from patients with BEN/AAN/CHN. We have developed a mouse model for AAN that has enabled us to screen for quantitative trait loci (QTL) that increase the susceptibility to AA in mice. Two hundred F2 mice obtained by breeding C57Bl/6J (an AAN-resistant strain) and DBA/2J (an AAN-sensitive strain) were treated with a single dose of AA. Four days later urine was analyzed for markers of kidney function. Mice were then euthanized and tissues were collected for histology and DNA was isolated for analysis of AA-DNA adducts and genotyping. Four QTL were identified; a major QTL, Aanq1(Chr4, 46-71MB), a pair of interacting QTL, Aanq2(Chr3, 116-128MB), and Aanq3 (Chr9, 113-122MB), and a minor QTL that acts additively with Aanq1, Aanq4(Chr6, 124-135MB). Further analyses of the QTL regions and their human orthologs will be presented. The project described was supported by Award Number P01ES004068 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3253.
Bond-selected bimolecular reactivity and phase space structure of intramolecular excited states

Abstract Recent observations of bimolecular reactivity of H + HOD enhanced by laser excitation of an OH local mode of HOD are discussed from the point of views of intramolecular phase space structure. Enhanced reactivity via excitation of local mode states of isotopically substituted ozone is considered. Next, modulation of abstraction rates in reactions of H with substituted methanes is considered in relation to the stability type of the CH stretch mode, using a phase catastrophe map analysis of experimental Fermi resonance spectra. It is conjectured that in general, reactivity is enhanced by intramolecular excitation which deposits energy in a nascent stage of the reaction path. A reaction is expected to be enhanced by excitation of an intramolecular state whose dynamics “mesh” well with the reaction coordinate. Experimental tests are suggested.
Pricing and capacity decisions for a service facility: stability and multiple local optima

We consider a model for optimal pricing and capacity for a service facility. The problem is formulated as one of optimal design of a single-server queueing system, in which the design variables are the service rate and the arrival rate equivalently, the price charged for admission. The model is a variant of one introduced by Dewan and Mendelson. We allow for an upper bound on the arrival rate and consider slightly more general user value functions. We show that an optimal solution may not lie in the interior of the feasible region and thus may not be characterized by the first-order differential conditions. Moreover, the first-order conditions typically have several solutions, some of which may be relative minima and produce a negative value of the objective function customer value minus the sum of expected delay cost and capacity cost per unit time. We also examine the stability of the equilibrium arrival rate and the convergence of a dynamic adaptive algorithm for finding the optimal service rate, in the context of a model in which the distribution of customers' value of service is uniform. We show that the equilibrium arrival rate is stable if and only if the service rate is above a threshold value, which depends on the price charged for admission and the parameters of the uniform distribution of value of service. The dynamic, adaptive algorithm always converges to a relative maximum of the objective function if the service rate can be adjusted every time the arrival rate changes. Otherwise, the algorithm will start to diverge if and when the service rate ever falls below the threshold value associated with stability of the equilibrium arrival rate.
Effect of Protein and Amino Acid Status on Lipogenesis by Turkey Poults

Abstract Feeding trials were conducted with Large White turkey poults to determine the role of dietary protein, sulfur amino acid (SAA), and lysine levels on growth and in vitro lipogenesis by turkey poults. A basal, 23% protein diet was formulated to contain 75% of the National Research Council (NRC) requirement for both SAA (8.0 g/kg) and lysine (12.9 g/kg). Lysine hydrochloride and L-methionine were added to the basal diet. A 30% protein diet was formulated to contain 100% of the requirement for SAA and lysine and served as the dietary control treatment. Twenty-three percent protein diets supplemented to contain the required levels of SAA (10.5 g/kg) and lysine (17.0 g/kg) supported growth and feed consumption equal to that attached with the control diet. Glutamic-aspartic amino transferase (GAT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) activities were decreased (P Lysine added to 23% protein diets increased (P
The influence of edge on small mammals: evidence from Brazilian Atlantic forest fragments

Small mammal diversity was examined in relation to distance from the forest/farmland edge in two fragments of Brazilian Atlantic forest in Sergipe, Brazil. Tolerance to and use of the edge and surrounding matrix of agricultural land by nine species of small mammals, as well as microclimatic conditions and vegetation structure were measured along 12 transects placed both inside the forest and in the surrounding matrix. As distance from edge increased into the forest, both the number of species and species diversity significantly increased, air temperature significantly decreased and relative humidity significantly increased. During the study, no small mammals were captured outside of the forest in the surrounding farmland. Of the 671 total captures, only 43 occurred along the edge, and 39 of the 43 were captures of only two species. This influence that edge may have on some small mammals may be a key to discerning a species' probability of survival in small fragments with hard edges.
Anaesthetic considerations in bronchial adenoma.

The patient with bronchial adenoma can present a puzzling diagnostic dilemma as well as challenging problems in anaesthetic management. Several aspects are reviewed in this report. Diagnostically these include chest roentgenographic findings and unique pulmonary function tests. Problems in anaesthetic management include possible development of acute carcinoid syndrome, as this tumour is usually of the carcinoid variety. In addition, the tumour may act as a ball valve, causing uneven ventilation of affected lung with expiratory air trapping. Several factors may necessitate prolonged bronchial blockage during anaesthesia. These include a friable mass which may bleed profusely upon manipulation, infected and atelectatic parenchymal tissue beyond the obstruction, copious volumes of purulent secretions, and one lung ventilation during resection.
ELEVATED SERUM CA 125 SECONDARY TO TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS

A 33-year-old African-American woman presented with a 10-day history of abdominal pain, fever to 104 degrees F, and ascites. Her PPD converted to positive. A serum CA 125 level was 708 U/ml before therapy. Tuberculous peritonitis was diagnosed via peritoneal biopsy. The CA 125 level was used to follow response to treatment and was undetectable after 12 weeks of antituberculous treatment. This tumor marker may be used to follow disease activity in non-neoplastic ascitic states.
Efficiencies in microcomputer simulation experiments

Abstract Simulation experiments that once required the capabilities of a mainframe computer are now commonly being carried out on microcomputers instead, due to the increased capability and availability of microcomputing technology over the past two decades. Efficiencies in the simulation design and pseudorandom number generation can significantly reduce computation time required, and on the smaller machines are perhaps more justifiable than on the more powerful computers. This paper reviews various approaches to reducing simulation computations without sacrificing accuracy of resulting estimates. Numerical comparisons of computation speeds are given.
Afterword to moral economies, state spaces, and categorical violence

This Afterword is a discussion of commentary and criticism of my books, The Moral Economy of the Peasant (1976), Weapons of the Weak (1985), Domination and the Arts of Resistance (1990), and Seeing Like a State (1998). I examine the relation of moral economies to globalization, and hegemony to power and resistance, in agrarian societies and in contemporary U.S. politics. I debate contemporary neoliberal projects of governance in extractive, enclave economies and in current development practices in Indonesia. I question the use and misuse of high modernism as a term in my work. I discuss neoliberal internationalism and the immanent project of “harmonizing” institutional orders throughout poor countries.
Condensation of Anyons in Frustrated Quantum Magnets

We derive the exact ground space of a family of spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chains with uniaxial exchange anisotropy ($XXZ$) and interactions between nearest and next-nearest-neighbor spins. The Hamiltonian family, ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{eff}}(Q)$, is parametrized by a single variable $Q$. By using a generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation that maps spins into anyons, we show that the exact ground states of ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{eff}}(Q)$ correspond to a condensation of anyons with a statistical phase $\ensuremath{\phi}=\ensuremath{-}4Q$. We also provide matrix-product state representations of some ground states that allow for the efficient computation of spin-spin correlation functions.
Forecasting development of elemental technologies and effect of R&D investments for polymer electrolyte fuel cells in Japan

A survey of fuel cell experts in Japan is used to estimate the time required to develop major elemental technologies required for stationary and automotive applications of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The elemental technologies covered include electrolyte membranes, electrode catalysts, fuel reforming and hydrogen storage, to be applied in next-generation PEFC systems whose operating temperature is 120°C or higher. The survey also asks experts to gauge the effect of R&D investment on the time required to develop a technology. Results are analyzed statistically to quantitatively compare success probabilities, time periods and the potential for R&D investment to reduce development time. The estimated net time period needed to reach performance and cost targets for both stationary and automotive PEFC systems averaged around 17 years. In general, the technology for electrolyte membranes is likely to be the most time consuming for R&D, thus accelerating its progress is effective for shortening the total R&D period.
Theories of moral development

(1986). Theories of Moral Development. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 57, No. 5, pp. 554-556.
Adults' responsiveness to children's facial expressions.

Abstract We investigated the effect of young children’s (hereafter children’s) facial expressions on adult responsiveness. In Study 1, 131 undergraduate students from a midsized university in the midwestern United States rated children’s images and videos with smiling, crying, or neutral expressions on cuteness, likelihood to adopt, and participants’ experienced distress. Looking times at images and videos along with perception of cuteness, likelihood to adopt, and experienced distress using 10-point Likert scales were measured. Videos of smiling children were rated as cuter and more likely to be adopted and were viewed for longer times compared with videos of crying children, which evoked more distress. In Study 2, we recorded responses from 101 of the same participants in an online survey measuring gender role identity, empathy, and perspective taking. Higher levels of femininity (as measured by Bem’s Sex Role Inventory) predicted higher “likely to adopt” ratings for crying images. These findings indicate that adult perception of children and motivation to nurture are affected by both children’s facial expressions and adult characteristics and build on existing literature to demonstrate that children may use expressions to manipulate the motivations of even non-kin adults to direct attention toward and perhaps nurture young children.
A modified technique for permeability studies in the superfused hamster cheek pouch

We report here a modification of the superfused hamster cheek model for use in vascular permeability studies. Radio-iodine labeled serum albumin (I-125 RISA) is injected prior to the superfusion period. Plasma content is calculated on a microliter/100 mg wet weight basis and compared to the contralateral (non-superfused) cheek pouch. Water content is calculated on a percentage basis and compared in the same manner. Results demonstrate that superfusion causes an increase in permeability of protein and water. Plasma content is reduced by catalase, indomethacin or FPL 55712 pretreatment, suggesting that free-radicals, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are released during superfusion. Water content increase is refractory to pretreatment. The advantages of this system and its application are discussed.
Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood X. Killer whale (Orcinus orca linnaeus) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)

Abstract Respiratory characteristics of blood from two adult killer and two adult beluga whales were studied. Both of these are dolphins; killer whales attain weights up to 7000 kg and belugas up to 700 kg. Oxygen dissociation curves of the blood were constructed at 37 °C and corrected to a plasma pH of 7.40. Beluga whale blood had a significantly higher (P O .01) oxygen capacity than killer whale blood (25.8 ± O .6 vs 21.8 ± O .5 vol%). The mean P 50 values were 25.2 ± O .5 and 24.4 ± O .1 mm Hg, respectively, for killer and beluga whale blood and these are significantly different (P O .05). The Bohr factor for killer whale blood (− O .602 ± O .148 Δ log P O 2 / Δ pH) was not significantly different than that for beluga whale blood (− O .782 ± O .073), but the Haldane effect for killer whale blood (7.0 vol%) was smaller than for beluga whale blood (9.4 vol%). The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in killer whale blood was significantly higher (P O .01) than in beluga whale blood(15.12 μ mol/g Hb vs 11.49 ± O .63 μ mol/g Hb). Starch gel electrophoresis showed that killer whale hemoglibin has two major components and beluga whale hemoglobin has only one major component. The fast-moving component of killer whale hemoglobin and the single major component of beluga whale hemoglobin migrate at the same rate as human A hemoglobin. A relationship between body weight and blood oxygen affinity, which is seen in land mammals, is not apparent in the published data for aquatic mammals.
L-163,491 is a partial angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat

Responses to the nonpeptide angiotensin II agonist 5, 7-Dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-[[2'-([butyloxycarbonyl) aminosulfonyl]-5'-(3-methyoxybenzyl)-[1, 1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (L-163,491) were investigated and compared with responses to angiotensin II, angiotensin IV and norepinephrine in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat under constant-flow conditions. Injections of L-163,491 into the hindquarter perfusion circuit caused dose-related increases in hindquarters perfusion pressure. In relative terms, angiotensin II was more potent than norepinephrine, which was more potent than angiotensin IV and L-163,491 in increasing hindlimb vascular resistance. The slope of the dose-response curve for L-163,491 was flat, while the apparent affinity of the compound for angiotensin AT(1) receptors was slightly greater than angiotensin IV. Responses to L-163,491 were inhibited by the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist DuP 532 (2-propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl-1-[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)bipheny l-4-yl)me thyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid) and were not altered by the angiotensin AT(2) receptor antagonist PD123,319 (S(+)-1-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl]methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl+ ++) -4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid ditribluoroacetate). However, the increase in hindlimb perfusion pressure in response to angiotensin II and angiotensin IV was significantly decreased following injection of L-163,491. These data suggest that the nonpeptide angiotensin analog L-163,491 has partial agonist activity, which is dependent on the stimulation of angiotensin AT(1) receptors in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat.
Enhanced mental rotation ability in time-space synesthesia

Time-space synesthesia is a variant of sequence–space synesthesia and involves the involuntary association of months of the year with 2D and 3D spatial forms, such as arcs, circles, and ellipses. Previous studies have revealed conflicting results regarding the association between time-space synesthesia and enhanced spatial processing ability. Here, we tested 15 time-space synesthetes, and 15 non-synesthetic controls matched for age, education, and gender on standard tests of mental rotation ability, spatial working memory, and verbal working memory. Synesthetes performed better than controls on our test of mental rotation, but similarly to controls on tests of spatial and verbal working memory. Results support a dissociation between visuo-spatial imagery and spatial working memory capacity, and suggest time-space synesthesia is associated only with enhanced visuo-spatial imagery. These data are consistent with the time-space connectivity thesis that time-space synesthesia results from enhanced connectivity in the parietal lobe between regions supporting the representation of temporal sequences and those underlying visuo-spatial imagery.
Pathologic complete response may not represent the optimal surrogate for survival after preoperative therapy for esophageal cancer

Background We designed a phase II trial to examine the benefit of preoperative hyperfractionated radiation therapy (XRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC).
Acculturative stress, depression, and suicidal ideation among immigrant and second-generation Latino adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective (1) To determine the relationship between acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in a sample of immigrant and second-generation Latino-American adolescents, and (2) to determine the best predictors of acculturative stress and depressive symptoms. Method Subjects were 40 female and 30 male students from a bilingual program in a southern California high school. Measures used were the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics, the SAFE acculturative stress measure, the Family Assessment Device, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior, and an open-ended question measuring individual attitudes and expectations toward the future. A cross-sectional design was used. Results One fourth of the adolescents reported critical levels of depression and suicidal ideation, which were positively correlated with acculturative stress. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perceived family dysfunction and nonpositive "expectations for the future" were significant predictors of acculturative stress and depression. Conclusions Results suggest that some acculturating Latino adolescents experience high levels of acculturative stress. These adolescents are also "at risk" for experiencing critical levels of depression and suicidal ideation. Findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating the depressed and potentially suicidal acculturating adolescent within a cultural context.
Teaching procedural skills.

Procedures are an important component of the practice of medicine. Students and residents must be trained to perform procedures safely and well. Simultaneously, we must seek consensus on what procedures should be taught, and we must develop better, safer techniques to teach them. Finally, we must develop objective measures of initial and continuing competency for those who perform procedures. We must try to overcome the “turf” battles in this area and focus on what is best for patients, students, and residents.
Measuring the appetitive strength of ethanol: use of an extinction trial procedure

Abstract Assessing the motivational level related to gaining access to ethanol (appetitive strength) is critical in understanding the human behavioral processes described as “craving.” Use of an animal model that separates the behavior required to obtain the opportunity to consume ethanol from the actual consumption allows for independent measures of appetitive strength that are not intermixed with the effects of the consumed ethanol. In this model, two different methods have been applied to determine the appetitive strength: an across-sessions breakpoint procedure and single-session extinction trials. Although both methods provide an estimate of appetitive strength, the current studies were performed to provide some comparison between them. From the results and comparison with findings from prior studies, it was determined that the breakpoint procedure gave the most stable and potentially least influenced measure of appetitive strength. On the other hand, extinction trials in general provided a stable measure, somewhat different from breakpoint, that could be influenced by behavioral effects other than those related to ethanol consumption. Ethanol intakes were in a pharmacologically relevant range, averaging approximately 1.0 g/kg during 20 min of access to the solutions. Both the breakpoint and extinction measures provide additional evidence of a separation between the behavioral processes of ethanol seeking and ethanol drinking, as there was no relation between lever-press responding and ethanol intake. Thus, when choosing a method, it is possible to assess the appetitive strength of ethanol. However, care should be exercised to avoid misinterpretation of results.
J-dependence observed in 61,62Ni (p,d) reactions at 40 MeV☆

Abstract The angular distributions of several l =3 transitions observed in the 61,62 Ni(p,d) reactions demonstrate a very stable j -dependence over a range of intensities and excitations energy.
22-year-old woman with fever and jaundice after travel to Ghana.

A 22-year-old woman with no past medical problems was admitted with extreme fatigue, headache, fever, decreased appetite, and jaundice 2 days after returning from a 3-month mission trip to Ghana. She reported many insect bites in Africa and may have been bitten by a spider before becoming ill. She had sought no pretravel counseling before venturing to Ghana and was prescribed chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis when she arrived in Ghana. One month after being in Africa, she had intermittent fever, headache, and fatigue. Findings on evaluation in Ghana for malaria and typhoid were unremarkable. The patient was taking no other medications and had no relevant family history. She denied blood transfusions, injections, sexual exposures, animal exposure, alcohol use, illicit drug use, or contact with ill persons in Ghana. She drank bottled water and ate cooked food and freshly peeled fruit. In addition, she denied swimming in lakes or rivers while there. On admission, the patient appeared ill. She was normotensive (blood pressure, 114/69 mm Hg), tachycardic (heart rate, 125 beats/min), afebrile (temperature, 37.2ΥC), and tachypneic (respiratory rate, 20 breaths/min) with an oxygen saturation of 96%. She was noticeably jaundiced and somnolent. Hepatosplenomegaly was present on examination. Skin examination revealed two 1-cm black eschars on her left lateral thigh.
Downstream cooling effectiveness of massive upstream transpiration from a slender cone.

Radiation equilibrium temperature measured downstream of transpiration cooled gas flow near slender cone vertex in continuous flow hypersonic tunnel
A Cathode-Ray Oscillograph with Rotating-Drum Camera

THE equipment and methods to be described have been developed to meet a need for a simple and effective means of photographing recurring or non-recurring waves viewed on the screen of the cathode ray oscillograph. The recording camera is simple and easy to operate and very economical of film. The recording method also provides for photographing any number of voltage or current waves, and later comparing the phase angles of all the waves. This oscillograph is designed primarily for slow speed work, particularly on waves of 60 cycle fundamental frequency, and in this feature is entirely different from the high speed cathode ray oscillograph described by Kuehni and Ramo.1 The cathode ray tube used is a high vacuum, seven inch screen tube. The screen is of the “fast” type with a highly actinic spot of short persistence. A suitable enclosing sheet steel case and a separately boxed 3,000 volt d-c power supply unit were constructed. When the equipment is used for visual work, sweep voltage is applied to one pair of deflecting plates from an independent sweep circuit.
Conductive polymer-coated threads as electrical interconnects in e-textiles

An organic polymer electrical interconnect is demonstrated. The ionomer mixture poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS; 1:2.5, w:w) was cast onto silk fibers from a 50:50 (v:v) ethylene glycol solution by a dip-coating process. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results show that Young’s modulus and mechanical strength are maintained during the coating process from acidic solution (pH ∼1). DMA dynamic temperature scans reveal two new thermal transitions once PEDOT:PSS is applied to the silk fiber, and they are assigned to the glass transition temperature (59 °C) and melting point (146 °C) of the ionomer pair. Electrical conductivities of 8.5 S/cm were achieved with four cycles of the dip-coating process, only 10x less than Ag-coated thread control samples. SEM imaging of the PEDOT:PSS-coated fibers show slight texturing to the fibers due to the coating, as well as significant charging in the uncoated samples when compared to PEDOT:PSS-coated samples. The conductive fibers fabricated by this process were successfully applied as electrical interconnects in flexible, fully functional 555 timer circuits stitched into fabric substrates.
Hard-sphere solid - Pair distribution functions at high density.

High density form of molecular pair distribution function for rigid spheres system, using cell- cluster technique
Model prediction of hot spots formation in shallow adiabatic packed‐bed reactors

Transversal hot zones have been observed in many industrial and laboratory reactors. Yet, previous models which utilized rate expressions that depended only on the temperature and concentration of the limiting reactant failed to predict formation of stable hot zones. We previously proved that pseudohomogeneous models of a uniformly active shallow adiabatic packed-bed reactor cannot predict a bifurcation to stable hot zones when the transversal heat dispersion is larger than that of the species, and the reaction rate depends only on the temperature and concentration of the limiting reactant. We prove here that the same is true also for a two-phase model of a uniformly active shallow, adiabatic packed-bed reactor. It is shown that a shallow reactor model, which uses more detailed kinetic expression, may attain stable, transversal hot zones. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Novel preparation of hybrid polypropylene/silica nanocomposites in a slurry-phase polymerization reactor

Polypropylene (PP) composites containing nanosized (φ ∼ 10 nm) spherical silica particles were prepared in situ utilizing a 1-L slurry-phase polymerization reactor containing a MgCl2-supported Ziegler−Natta (fourth-generation) catalyst. Composites were prepared with variable filler sizes ranging from the nano- to microsize domain. The surface of the silica particles was modified with a silane coupling agent to prevent catalyst deactivation and to achieve better polymer/filler synergy by decreasing the hydrophobicity surrounding the bulk particle surface. The feasibility of the process was tested with low loading additions (∼3 wt % for each sample) of (nano)silica. The effect of the filler on the crystal structure and crystallite size of PP was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The reaction kinetics of the nanocomposite (∼10 nm) was studied and compared with samples containing larger microsized particles. It was demonstrated that the former did not decrease th...
Factors that influence mental health stigma among 8th grade adolescents

Unmet mental health need is a significant problem for adolescents. Although stigma is identified as a major barrier to the use of mental health services among youth, there is limited research on this topic. In-depth interviews (n=57) among a sample of 8th grade students in a suburban, mid-Atlantic community portray adolescent mental health attitudes and how these views are shaped. Satisfactory personal experiences with mental health services as well as accurate mental health knowledge contribute to positive mental health attitudes among teens. The anticipation of negative responses towards mental health care-seeking from family members, peers, and school staff are key factors in teens’ comfort and willingness to address mental health concerns. The research provides critical information on the factors that contribute to the development of stigma and emphasizes the need to address stigma in youth mental health education, programs, and treatment plans.
Role of electron-electron scattering on ultrafast probe phenomena of photoexcited carriers in GaAs

Using ensemble Monte Carlo methods, coupled with a molecular dynamics (MD) approach for the carrier-carrier interaction, we investigate the ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited carriers in GaAs. The interaction of various scattering mechanisms and the dynamic screening of hot carriers in semiconductors is studied. At a density for which the GaAs is degenerate (in equilibrium), scattering out of the excitation volume is dominated in the initial tens of femtoseconds by electron-electron scattering, and the scattering rate increases with increasing density. This rate increase agrees both in magnitude and in density dependence with some recent experiments. The presence of electron-electron scattering modifies both the population transition rates and carrier densities in the satellite valleys, primarily by reshaping the energy distribution of carriers in the central valley. Intervalley processes also play a role in the initial decay and the same processes play a modified role in the picosecond-scale luminescence decay. The intervalley transition rates must be estimated carefully because the f-L population shift contains a significant fraction of electrons that reach the L valleys by way of the X valleys. The exchange effect further modifies the satellite valley populations and intervalley transition rates. It also reduces the rate for electrons to scatter out of the excitation volume.
An Internet Based Framework for Micro Devices Assembly

This paper outlines the design of an Internet based collaborative framework to support the rapid assembly of micro devices. With the help of an agent programming language called 3APL, a distributed approach to achieving the life cycle of the various phases in the assembly of micro devices has been implemented. A discussion of the various agent resources created for a VE oriented approach is also provided in this paper.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
System Dynamic Model and Design of a Stirling Pump

This paper presents the design and dynamic modeling of a second generation prototype combined Stirling engine pump. The Stirling pump is intended to fill the technological gap of a compact high energy density power supply for untethered fluid power applications in the 50W to 500W range. Specifically, this prototype is intended as a compact and quiet, untethered, hydraulic power supply for an ankle foot orthosis testbed associated with the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power. The energy source for the unit is flexible and can include propane, butane, methane, natural gas, or other high energy density hydrocarbon source of heat. The target output pressure of 7 MPa (1000 psig) is obtained from a pumping stage that is driven by a sealed engine stage that utilizes high pressure helium as the working fluid. The separate pumping stage utilizes the differential pressure swing inside the engine section to pump hydraulic fluid to the desired output pressure. This paper presents the system dynamic model of the Stirling pump, and includes (1) heat transfer from the heat source to the working fluid in the hot space of the engine, (2) heat transfer from the working fluid in the cold space of the engine to the heat sink, (3) energetically derived pressure dynamics in the hot and cold spaces, (4) mass flow around the displacer piston in between the hot and cold sides, (5) work output to the pump driving section, (6) pumping piston inertial dynamics, (7) flow losses through the pump’s check valves, and (8) hydraulic power output. This dynamic model allows components of the Stirling pump to be sized. The paper includes results from the dynamic model.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Catholic Social Teachings: Toward a Meaningful Work

Meaningful work is both a moral issue and an economic one. Studies show that workers’ experience of meaninglessness in their jobs contributes to job dissatisfaction which has negative effects to business. If having a meaningful work is essential for the well-being of workers, providing them with one is an ethical requirement for business establishments. The essay aims to articulate an account of meaningful work in the Catholic social teachings (CST). CST rejects the subjectivist and relativist notion of work which affirms the absolute freedom of individuals to choose their commitment and goals, even if this includes experiencing satisfaction in dehumanizing work. First, the paper will present a summary account of some of the current views on meaningful work from the objective-normative approach. This will be followed by a systematic treatment of the meaning and value of work in the CST, the similarities and differences it has with alternative views, and its implications for the way we promote meaningful work. The paper will argue that by recognizing the subjective and objective dimensions of work and affirming that although the two are inseparable, the former takes priority over the latter; CST develops a holistic, comprehensive, and coherent account of meaningful work which overcomes some of the difficulties that are usually encountered in dealing with this issue from a purely objective approach.
Flowering and fruiting in ‘Patterson’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in response to postharvest application of gibberellic acid

Abstract In July or August of 1988 and 1989 which was approximately 2 or 6 weeks, respectively, after fruit harvest, cultivar ‘Patterson’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca) trees were sprayed with a single spray of either 10, 50 or 100 p.p.m. gibberellic acid (gibberellin A3, GA). GA sprays of 100 p.p.m. applied in early July reduced flower number per centimeter of limb length in the year following treatment. Flower number per centimeter of limb circumference was reduced by sprays of 50 and 100 p.p.m. GA applied in July. Fruit set was not affected by GA sprays. The yield and fruit number of hand thinned trees was equivalent to that found on trees treated with 50 and 100 p.p.m. GA sprays in July. Individual fruit weight (size) was increased by GA sprays of 50 and 100 p.p.m. in July compared to hand thinned trees. Fruit maturity was advanced when yields were reduced by GA sprays. In July, GA sprays of 10 p.p.m. resulted in increased individual fruit weight without reduced total yields per tree compared to non-thinned control trees. Results showed that the use of GA sprays the year before flowering (July) decreased flower numbers, eliminating the need for chemical or hand fruit thinning of ‘Patterson’ apricot.
Implementing Effective Local Management of Natural Resources: New Roles for NGOs in Africa

Sustainable development seems an elusive objective for Africa's rural peoples, yet there are unique opportunities for nongovernmental organizations in Africa to work toward that goal. NGOs can facilitate this effort by strengthening institutional capacities at the local level. Several factors, however, impede NGO effectiveness. Among them are 1) issues surrounding NGO needs for autonomy and Government needs for control; 2) problems in "scaling up" NGO efforts and creating the necessary micro-macro linkages; and 3) confusion over appropriate roles for NGOs.This paper considers these issues in the context of two cases of NGO activity, an organization in Zimbabwe called Environment and Development Activities-Zimbabwe (ENDA-Zimbabwe) and an approach to rural development in Kenya, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), which involves international and national NGOs as well as the Kenyan Government. The paper suggests that NGOs can be more effective if they move from a project orientation to an "enabling" orienta...
Whose property is it anyway? The social nature of economic actors and egalitarian remuneration ∗

This article formulates an egalitarian theory of property based on an ethic of remuneration for economic contributions. The principle of egalitarian remuneration is developed by revising basic notions of economic contributions. Economic contributions are found to be those activities that contribute to the value of commodities not just those that produce a product. Consumers, and not only producers, contribute to the creation of value, and these economic contributions make consumers eligible for remuneration. However, the concept of consumer contributions needs to be recast, for consumer contributions do not consist of neoclassical, individualistic actors maximizing subjective preferences. Rather, consumers economic contributions flow from their socially self-determined attributes as formed through relation to the system of economic actors. Indirect social contributions spread responsibility throughout the members of the system, affecting calculations of dueness. Other members indirect contributions are re...
Positive Selection for Single Amino Acid Change Promotes Substrate Discrimination of a Plant Volatile-Producing Enzyme

We used a combined evolutionary and experimental approach to better understand enzyme functional divergence within the SABATH gene family of methyltransferases (MTs). These enzymes catalyze the formation of a variety of secondary metabolites in plants, many of which are volatiles that contribute to floral scent and plant defense such as methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. A phylogenetic analysis of functionally characterized members of this family showed that salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) forms a monophyletic lineage of sequences found in several flowering plants. Most members of this lineage preferentially methylate salicylic acid (SA) as compared with the structurally similar substrate benzoic acid (BA). To investigate if positive selection promoted functional divergence of this lineage of enzymes, we performed a branch-sites test. This test showed statistically significant support (P 10-fold higher amount of methyl salicylate produced relative to methyl benzoate. The Met156His-mutant exhibited little differential preference for the 2 substrates because nearly equal amounts of methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate were produced. Evolution of the ability to discriminate between the 2 substrates by SAMT may be advantageous for efficient production of methyl salicylate, which is important for pollinator attraction as well as pathogen and herbivore defense. Because BA is a likely precursor for the biosynthesis of SA, SAMT might increase methyl salicylate levels directly by preferential methylation and indirectly by leaving more BA to be converted into SA.
Identification of proteins interacting with lactate dehydrogenase in claw muscle of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes

Biochemical adaptation of enzymes involves conservation of activity, stability and affinity across a wide range of intracellular and environmental conditions. Enzyme adaptation by alteration of primary structure is well known, but the roles of protein-protein interactions in enzyme adaptation are less well understood. Interspecific differences in thermal stability of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in porcelain crabs (genus Petrolisthes) are related to intrinsic differences among LDH molecules and by interactions with other stabilizing proteins. Here, we identified proteins that interact with LDH in porcelain crab claw muscle tissue using co-immunoprecipitation, and showed LDH exists in high molecular weight complexes using size exclusion chromatography and Western blot analyses. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were separated using 2D SDS PAGE and analyzed by LC/ESI using peptide MS/MS. Peptide MS/MS ions were compared to an EST database for Petrolisthes cinctipes to identify proteins. Identified proteins included cytoskeletal elements, glycolytic enzymes, a phosphagen kinase, and the respiratory protein hemocyanin. Our results support the hypothesis that LDH interacts with glycolytic enzymes in a metabolon structured by cytoskeletal elements that may also include the enzyme for transfer of the adenylate charge in glycolytically produced ATP. Those interactions may play specific roles in biochemical adaptation of glycolytic enzymes.
Evaluation of Low Levels of Salinity on Hematological Parameters and Health Status of Channel Catfish Reared in Multiple-Crop Ponds

Abstract A 1-year study was conducted from February 1999 to January 2000 to determine the effects of low levels of salinity on selected hematological parameters (total protein, hematocrit, leukocrit, and osmolality) and the health of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared in ponds managed under the multiple cropping production strategy. We stocked 2,000 catfish into 15 ponds (0.08 ha each) that we subdivided into five replicate ponds per each of three NaCl (salinity) treatments: freshwater conditions (nominal salinity = 0 g/L of water) or adjusted salinities of 1.5 or 3 g/L. Total protein, hematocrit, and plasma osmolality for fish reared at the NaCl-induced salinities were significantly higher than those for fish cultured in freshwater. Although the leukocrit of fish reared at a salinity of 3 g/L was significantly higher than that of fish reared in freshwater or at 1.5 g/L, all were within the normal ranges reported for channel catfish. Although two bacterial diseases known to routinely affect channe...
Bond strength of three cements determined by centrifugal testing

1. Each tooth preparation and crown should be used to test only one cement, since recementation will alter the bond strength associated with the second trial. 2. Recementation of a restoration should include a thorough cleaning of the preparation and the restoration. 3. Although zinc polycarboxylate cement possessed the highest bond strength, there were no statistically significant differences among the cements tested. 4. No correlation was found between bond strength and any individual property of compressive strength, tensile strength, or film thickness. 5. Values of ADA film thickness predicted the order of values of film thickness determined by a simulated clinical method.
Rare earth substitution in scheelite

Abstract Substitution of calcium in scheelite by lanthanum and samarium with or without sodium was studied in the temperature range between 600° and 1150°C using quenching techniques. In the systems CaWO 4 La 2 (WO 4 ) 3 and CaWO 4 Sm 2 (WO 4 ) 3 , complete series of solid solutions form above 1020°C, but in each system there is a phase boundary separating the tetragonal scheelite and the monoclinic defect scheelite, while in the systems CaWO 4 NaLa(WO 4 ) 2 and CaWO 4 NaSm(WO 4 ) 2 , immiscibility gaps disappear at 825°C, and they do not have any detected phase change in the solid solutions. In the ternary system CaWO 4 NaLa(WO 4 ) 2 La 2 (WO 4 ) 3 , at 750°C, a three-phase region consisting of tetragonal scheelite, tetragonal disordered scheelite, and monoclinic defect scheelite occupies the central portion of the phase diagram. At 900°C, scheelite with either disordered scheelite or defect scheelite is the major phase assemblage; and at 1025°C, there are only one-phase regions, the tetragonal solid solution transforming gradually to the monoclinic solid solution with increasing amount of La 2 (WO 4 ) 3 .
Fuel cells and fuel batteriesߞan engineering view

If fuel cells and fuel batteries attain their expected usefulness in the future, electrical and electronics engineers may some day be joined by a new kind of engineerߞthe electrochemical engineer. The fuel-cell problems this new engineer will have to face include those involving various types of fuels and their properties, efficiency, reliability, life, and operating temperatures. All of these properties are tied in with the important consideration of economics.