cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alterations in activity following alcohol administration during the third trimester equivalent in P and NP rats

There is considerable variation in the consequences of alcohol abuse during pregnancy on infant outcome. Although it is clear that a number of factors contribute to this variability, one hypothesis that has received recent attention is the role of genetic differences in response to alcohol. This study examined activity levels in the alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats following neonatal alcohol exposure. Although these lines were selectively bred for differences in voluntary alcohol consumption, they also differ in their sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol. The P and NP offspring were artificially reared and administered ethanol (either 6 or 4 g/kg/day) from postnatal day 4 (PN 4) until PN 10 via intragastric cannula. An artificially reared isocaloric maltose group and a normally reared control group were also included. From PN 18 to PN 21, subjects were tested daily for 30 min in an automated activity monitor. Exposure to either the 4 or 6 g/kg dose of ethanol resulted in overactivity in P rats. However, only the 6 g/kg dose group displayed overactivity among the NP offspring. Furthermore, the level of overactivity displayed by the alcohol-exposed P rats was significantly greater than that displayed by the alcohol-exposed NP rats. These data suggest that genetic differences in response to alcohol may be a predictor for the behavioral teratogenic effects of alcohol.
Orbital enlargement secondary to chronic foreign body

Orbital enlargement secondary to a chronic intraorbital foreign body is rare. However, a case where this did occur is presented and a possible mechanism for the phenomenon discussed.
Molecular targeting with recombinant cytotoxins of interleukin-13 receptor α2-expressing glioma

A restricted receptor for interleukin 13 (IL-13R alpha2) is over-expressed in high-grade astrocytoma (HGA), but not in normal organs. In order to design and examine new anti-HGA therapies, which are molecularly directed against IL-13R alpha2, we established an IL-13R alpha2-expressing syngeneic immunocompetent murine model of HGA. The model was obtained by transfecting G-26 murine glioma cells with IL-13R alpha2. G-26-IL-13R alpha2(+) cells, but not mock-transfected cells, became susceptible to IL-13 mutant-based cytotoxic proteins that kill human HGA cells. G-26-IL-13R alpha2(+) cells maintained their tumorigenicity in immunocompetent C57BL/J6 mice and preserved their expression of IL-13R alpha2 in vivo. These characteristics of the G-26-IL-13R alpha2(+) tumors allowed us to test molecularly defined anti-glioma passive immunotherapy. A targeted recombinant chimera cytotoxin composed of multiply mutated IL-13 (IL-13.E13Y/R66D/S69D) and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), PE1E, IL-13.E13Y/R66D/S69D-PE1E, was used in anti-tumor experiments. G-26-IL-13R alpha2(+) cells were killed by IL-13.E13Y/R66D/S69D-PE1E in an IL-4-independent fashion. To test the cytotoxin in vivo, G-26-IL-13R alpha2(+) tumors were established in C57BL/J6 mice and when the tumors reached a size of at least 50 mm3, the mice were treated with IL-13.E13Y/R66D/S69D-PE1E. In the mice treated with the targeted fusion cytotoxin, the tumors regressed and 80% of the animals were cured. This study documents the establishment of an IL-13R alpha2-positive model of HGA in immunocompetent rodents. Furthermore, the effectiveness and safety of the targeted IL-13-based cytotoxin against IL-13R alpha2-expressing tumors in a more clinically relevant in vivo HGA model is promising with regard to the future clinical utility of the cytotoxin.
Residues of 2,4,5-T in the american coot (Fulcia americana).

Since 1970 there has been a renewed interest in research dealing with (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), following reports indicating that 2,4,5-T was teratogenic to mice (COURTNEY et al. 1970~ WILSON 1972). Fears of environmental contamination and the potential hazards that these residues might present to humans arose as a result of a report by MACLEAD (1973) 0 His report indicated that the incidence of birth defects in the Vietnamese population followed massive use of agent orange I as a defoliant by the military forces. COURTNEY and MOORE (1971) confirmed that the teratogenic effects shown by mice used in laboratory experiments was largely due to TCDD which occurs as a by-product in the manufacture of 2,4,5-T. SHAPLEY (1973) reported TCDD in Vietnamese fish and 3 reports (YOUNG 1974, BARTLESON et al. 1974; YOUNG et al, 1976) showed residues of TCDD at parts per trillion (ppt) levels in rodents, birds, fish and insects collected on military test sites treated with thousands of kg of agent orange over a period of 8 years.
Purification and partial characterization of “Barlett” pear fruit polygalacturonase inhibitors☆

Abstract Inhibitors of fungal polygalacturonase were purified from extracts of “Barlett” pear fruits. A protocol involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing resolved the inhibitory activity primarily into two major protein species. Each inhibitor has a molecular weight of 91 000 daltons and is composed of two identical subunits. Inhibitory activity is lost if the protein is heated to above 60°C. Kinetic studies suggest that the inhibition caused by these proteins is competitive.
Cannabinoid-Induced Alterations in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

A specific receptor for cannabinoids has been characterized at the pharmacological, molecular, and neuroanatomical level. However, less is known of the functional localization in the brain for the behavioral and physiological actions of these drugs. We have examined the effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its active metabolite 11-OH-THC on regional cerebral blood flow in the rat in order to determine functional CNS sites of action for the cannabinoids. Conscious rats were injected i.v. with one of four doses of THC (0.5, 1, 4, 16 mg/kg). 11-OH-THC (4 mg/kg), or vehicle 30 min prior to sacrifice. Regional cerebral blood flow was determined autoradiographically using the freely diffusible tracer method of Sakaruda et al. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were observed in 16 of the 37 areas measured. Decreases in regional cerebral blood flow following THC were seen in such areas as the CA1 region of the hippocampus, frontal and medial prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens, and the claustrum. Thresholds for these effects ranged from 0.5 to 16 mg/kg. Areas unaffected by THC include the medial septum, ventral tegmental area, caudate, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex, and cerebellum. These data indicate that THC and its active metabolite, 11-OH-THC, cause a heterogeneous alteration in the activity of specific CNS sites, many of which are involved in the characteristic behavioral actions of THC.
Effect of mercuric and silver ions on cesium sulfate equilibrium buoyant densities of synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides

Abstract The effect of Hg2+ and Ag+ on the buoyant density (ϱ) of four synthetic DNA polymers, poly[d(A-T)]; poly(dA) · poly(dT); poly[d(G-C)]; and poly(dG) · poly(dC), was investigated. The buoyant density of poly[d(A-T)] in Cs2SO4 increased dramatically after complexing with Hg2+, but little change in the buoyant density of other polymers resulted except at very high molar ratios of Hg 2+ DNA -P (rf) Hg2+ raised the thermal transition temperature (Tm) of alternating polymers and lowered the Tm of homopolymers. Measurements in the preparative ultracentrifuge indicated that lowered Tm correlated with Hg2+-induced strand separation of one homopolymer [poly(dA) · poly(dT)], but strand separation was not observed with another homopolymer [poly(dG) · poly(dC)] complexed with Hg2+. When Ag+ was mixed with the polymers, the buoyant density of poly(dG) · poly(dC) increased most markedly. A substantial increase in the buoyant density of poly[d(A-T)] and a small increase in the buoyant density of poly[d(G-C)] were also observed. The Tm changes induced by Ag+ were not related in any obvious way to buoyant density changes. These findings indicate that nucleotide sequence as well as overall base composition is of importance in understanding the buoyant density changes induced by metal ions. Although these data do not allow construction of a detailed molecular model of polymer-metal ion interactions, they may be used to explain much of the behavior of naturally occurring DNA sequences, such as heterochromatic satellite sequences and 5 S and rRNA sequences, in Hg2+/Cs2SO4 and Ag+/Cs2SO4 gradients.
Non-odontogenic β-hemolytic necrotizing fasciitis of the face

Abstract A case report of a severe, rapidly aggressive necrotizing fasciitis of the facial tissues demonstrates the need to consider anatomic, systemic, and bacterial factors in evaluating this disease. Early diagnosis is critical for optimum management. Surgical debridement is the cornerstone of treatment and must be complemented with aggressive supportive therapy and antibiotics. 1–7,22,24 In this instance of non-odontogenic β-hemolytic necrotizing fasciitis of the face, aggressive care resulted in management of the disease process to a point where the patient's perioral wounds stabilized and were not of immediate significance to her death.
Noninvasive assessment of valvular heart disease: surgery without catheterization.

Abstract Forty-one patients underwent valve surgery at our institution based solely on clinical, M-mode echocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and external pulse recording findings without preoperative cardiac catheterization. Patients with clinical evidence of coronary artery disease were excluded from the study. Preoperatively, 83% of the patients were New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. In all patients, the noninvasive evaluation was considered sufficiently diagnostic of the nature and severity of valvular heart disease to allow surgery without preoperative catheterization. In 23 of 41 cases (group 1), cardiac catheterization was not performed due to the patients' unstable hemodynamic condition at the time surgery was being considered. In the remaining 18 patients (group 2), the probability of obtaining data at catheterization that would significantly affect management decisions was thought to be low, thus not justifying the cost and potential morbidity of this procedure. In all cases, the noninvasive diagnosis was corroborated at operation; there were no unexpected findings nor deaths related to incomplete or incorrect diagnoses. Over a followup period of 4.5 ± 1.4 years, no patient experienced signs or symptoms of ischemic heart disease. In selected patients without anginal chest pain syndromes, appropriate and successful valve surgery may be performed on the basis of combined clinical and noninvasive evaluation without the need for cardiac catheterization.
A targeted web crawling for building malicious javascript collection

Malicious javascript frequently serves as a starting point of web-based attacks, in particular cross-site scripting. Thus detecting malicious javascript before execution can protect users from attacks such as malware infection, drive-by downloads, and even from participating in denial-of-service attacks as part of botnet sometimes. A large collection of malicious javascript would help with detector development, but by the time crawler arrives at blacklisted domains attackers and malicious scripts are often long gone. We have used classifiers to direct a web crawler better towards more likely locations of malicious scripts, and show how this targeted web crawler performs compared to crawler seed with blacklisted-domains.
Frequency doubling in an organic waveguide

Abstract Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in an organic thin film waveguide has been observed for the first time. A polycrystalline thin film of para-chlorophenylurea has been deposited on glass and the refractive index of the film measured at several wavelength between 450 and 880 nm. A TM ω 0 → TM 2ω 2 upconversion process has been observed for fundamental wavelength in the vicinity of 0.88 μm.
Team building by disclosure of internal frames of reference

This article discusses a new team building intervention based on the theory that disclosure of internal frames of reference improves group members' working relationships with one another. The author designed this intervention using alignment theory and conducted a study of its effects. The sample consisted of 17 intact work teams of 4-S persons each, 13 of which comprised MBA students and 4 of which comprised management teams in business. Each team was randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: the alignment theory-based intervention, a conventional team-building intervention, and a control condition (no intervention). Using the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, the author conducted measurements before, immediately after, and two months after interventions were conducted. The research results showed that teams participating in the new intervention experienced substantial improvements immediately following the intervention andfurther improvements two months later, and in every case th...
Software implementation of floating-point arithmetic on a reduced-instruction-set

Current single chip implementations of reduced-instruction-set processors do not support hardware floating-point operations. Instead, floating-point operations have to be provided either by a coprocessor or by software. This paper discusses issues arising from a software implementation of floating-point arithmetic for the MIPS processor, an experimental VLSI architecture. Measurements indicate that an acceptable level of performance is achieved, but this approach is no substitute for a hardware accelerator if higher-precision results are required. This paper includes instruction profiles for the basic floating-point operations and evaluates the usefulness of some aspects of the instruction set.
Sexual rehabilitation after treatment for prostate cancer

Although there is little evidence that sexual behavior causes prostate cancer, men with prostate cancer often have sexual dysfunction before the cancer diagnosis is made. Each treatment for prostate cancer increases the prevalence of sexual problems. After nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, the chance of recovering erections is better for men who are younger and in whom both neurovascular bundles can be spared. Definitions of "potency" after nerve-sparing surgery have not specified the rigidity of the erections achieved. Thus, some men classified as "potent" may wish additional sexual rehabilitation. The chance that definitive radiation therapy will cause erectile dysfunction probably has been overestimated. The prevalence rate may be closer to 25% of men with new problems compared with the 50% often cited in the literature. Men are more at risk to have erection problems after radiation therapy if the quality of erections before treatment was borderline. Hormonal therapy has an impact on the central mechanisms mediating sexual desire and arousability. Therefore, with most treatment methods, only approximately 20% of men remain sexually functional. Newer antiandrogenic drugs interfere less with sexual function, but their long-term ability to control prostate cancer is still under investigation. Sexual rehabilitation should be addressed by the primary care team. Sexual partners should be included in brief sexual counseling, even when a mechanical treatment for erectile dysfunction is prescribed.
Effect of dietary cortisol on resistance of channel catfish to infection by Ichthyopthirius multifiliis and channel catfish virus disease

Many diseases of fish are more likely to occur after a period of stress. A number of physiological changes occur in fish during stress including the secretion of cortisol. Cortisol has several effects including the induction of gluconeogenesis and immunosuppression. The latter activity of cortisol is thought to be the reason stress is often followed by a disease outbreak. These experiments were done to determine the role of cortisol, in the absence of stress, in affecting the susceptibility of channel catfish to Ichthyopthirius multifiliis (ich) and channel catfish virus (CCV). Cortisol mixed in the food resulted in reduced liver size and abolished the increase of plasma cortisol usually induced by confinement stress. Dietary cortisol provided at 200-mg/kg feed increased the susceptibility of channel catfish to infection in an immersion challenge with ich theronts. The severity of infection in fish provided cortisol at 100-mg/kg feed was not different than controls. Dietary cortisol at either 100 or 200 mg/kg did not affect mortality due to CCV exposure. These data suggest that increased cortisol suppressed the protective mechanism against ich but not against CCV.
Venlafaxine monotherapy in bipolar type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy

Amsterdam JD, Wang G, Shults J. Venlafaxine monotherapy in bipolar type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. Objective: We examine the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine monotherapy in bipolar type II (BP II) patients with major depressive episode (MDE) who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. We hypothesized that venlafaxine would be superior to lithium with a low hypomanic conversion rate. Method: Seventeen patients who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy were crossed to venlafaxine monotherapy for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was within-subject change in total Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) score over time. Secondary outcomes included the change in Young Mania Rating (YMRS) and clinical global impressions severity (CGI/S) and change (CGI/C) scores. Results: Venlafaxine produced significantly greater reductions in HAM-D (P < 0.0005), CGI/S (P < 0.0005), and CGI/C (P < 0.0005) scores vs. prior lithium. There was no difference in mean YMRS scores between treatment conditions (P = 0.179). Conclusion: Venlafaxine monotherapy may be a safe and effective monotherapy of BP II MDE with a low hypomanic conversion rate in lithium non-responders.
The Candida albicans mating type like locus [MTL] is not involved in chlamydospore formation

Candida albicans produces chlamydospores, which can be used as a diagnostic tool for species identification. It has been suggested that these chlamydospores are degenerate spores. If so, then their production might be linked to the mating loci, and clinical strains that are homozygous for the C. albicans mating locus MTL may be altered in chlamydospore formation, which could cause problems in diagnostics and species identification. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid cells, the heterodimeric transcriptional repressor formed by the products of the mating genes MATa1 and MATα2 is an important regulator of sporulation. It was therefore of interest to determine if the disruptions of the MATa1 and MATα2 homologs in C. albicans, MTLa1 and MTLα2, result in inhibition of chlamydospore formation. Laboratory strains containing disruptions of either the entire MTL locus or specific genes within the locus were assayed for their ability to form chlamydospores. Clinical strains that are homozygous for one of the two MT...
Corrections to kerma factor measurements made by integral techniques

Abstract Integral determinations of fast neutron kerma factors with low pressure proportional counters usually assume that either neutron interactions with the counting gas do not significantly contribute to the total energy deposited by charged particles in the gas or else that the wall and gas kerma are identical. This condition can be achieved for hydrogenous or graphite walled instruments. For elements with small kerma factors such as Mg, Al, Si, or Fe where the wall and gas kerma are not similar, direct neutron interactions with the gas may contribute a significant fraction of the gas dose. This effect was investigated by bombarding propane-based and argon-carbon dioxide filled Mg and Fe walled 1.27 cm diameter spherical proportional counters at several pressures with 14.8 MeV neutrons. The gas contribution does not affect the results for Mg, but changes the energy deposition spectrum for Fe and must be taken into account in determining the kerma factor.
Long-term increases in excitability of facial motoneurons and other neurons in and near the facial nuclei after presentations of stimuli leading to acquisition of a pavlovian conditioned facial movement

Abstract Levels of neuronal excitability to injected current were measured intracellularly in facial motoneurons and other neurons in and near the facial nuclei of three groups of awake cats: (1) a “Conditioned” group consisting of animals that had previously received sufficient numbers of paired presentations of click CSs and glabella tap USs to produce eyeblink CRs; (2) a “US-only” group that had received presentations of the USs only; and (3) a “Naive” group that had received neither of these stimuli. Thresholds of intracellularly applied, depolarizing pulse currents required to elicit repeatable spike activity were significantly lower in the “Conditioned” and “US-only” groups than in the “Naive” group. The increased levels of neuronal excitability were correlated with increases in neuronal input resistance. Levels of neuronal excitability remained elevated when measured more than a month after presentations of both CSs and USs, whereas the increases in neuronal excitability decayed within a few weeks in animals given USs only. The increases in neuronal excitability and input resistance following repetitive presentations of glabella tap USs alone appeared to support a latent facilitation of motor performance reflected by an absence of a blink CR to click CS after such presentations but an increased rate of acquisition of subsequent eyeblink conditioning using paired click CS and tap US. The rate of eyeblink conditioning was found to be accelerated in a group of cats given repetitive presentations of tap USs seven days prior to conditioning with paired CSs and USs, compared to a group that was not given USs or CSs before similar conditioning. These findings provide direct, in vivo evidence that increases in the excitability and input resistance of neurons in and near the facial nucleus can occur in cats following presentations of the stimuli used for conditioning.
Effect of early postoperative nutritional support on skin wound and colon anastomosis healing

Improved healing occurs in nutritionally depleted rats given early postoperative compared with delayed feeding. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that delay in postoperative feeding of rats normally nourished at the time of operation would also be detrimental to wound healing. Fully nourished rats weighing 288 to 342 g were divided into three groups (10 rats per group). All rats had central vein catheters inserted, celiotomy with division and reanastomsis of the colon and dorsal skin incisions, under ip pentobarbital anesthesia. With no oral intake allowed postoperatively, group 1 rats were maintained in iv 5% Dextrose electrolytes and vitamins (5% DSV); group 2 was given the 5% D/SV until the third postoperative day when they were placed on TPN (4.5% amino acids 15% Dextrose, 10% Intralipids); and group 3 was given TPN from the first postoperative day. Rats were sacrificed 6 days postoperatively and final weight, skin wound breaking strength (WBS) and colon anastomosis bursting pressure (CBP) were measured. Findings were % weight change -27.8 +/- 1.5 for Group 1, -12.6 +/- 1.0 for Group 2, and -6.9 +/- 8 for group 3 (p less than 0.0001). Wound measurements for STS on fresh specimens were 88.6 +/- 10.0 g for group 1, 89.1 +/- 8.4 g for group 2, and 87.1 +/- 11.1 g for group 3. WBS for formalin-fixed specimens were 313.5 +/- 29.7 g for group 1, 323.4 +/- 38.4 g for group 2, and 382 +/- 25.2 g for group 3 (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
State-Sponsored Insurance of Bank Deposits in the United States, 1907–1929

Before the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in 1933, several states established deposit guarantee funds. The key factor influencing the adoption of deposit insurance by a state was the structure of its banking industry. In states where small unit banks were dominant, there was strong support for guarantee funds to protect deposits; in other states there was more interest in branch banking. The failure to design the guarantee funds in accordance with sound principles of insurance brought about their demise and led to increased branch banking. C ONGRESS and the state legislatures responded to the panic of 1907 with legislation aimed at strengthening the nation's banking system. Although most of the attention given to banking reform in this period has been focused on the Federal Reserve Act, state provision of deposit insurance deserves greater consideration. This legislation influenced the development of banking within the states adopting it, and the debate over the guarantee of deposits defined more sharply the points of conflict between the different schools of banking reform. Although federal and state banking reforms took different directions, there was a certain similarity in their overall purpose. Neither tried to reverse the effects of past legislation that had promoted the growth of thousands of unit banks. Their legislation instead attempted to correct the banking system's malfunctioning while preserving the structure of the banking industry. The Federal Reserve Act sought to accomplish this by the provision of discounting facilities sufficient to prevent another liquidity crisis. Since the control of the monetary base was a prerogative of the federal government, states could not follow suit. One alternative for them was deposit insurance. States could remove the motive behind panics by guaranteeing depositors recovery of their assets. The public, alert to the potential benefits of deposit insurance, switched their deposits from uninsured national banks to insured state banks. Insurance of deposits thus increased the attractiveness of possessing a state bank charter and led to an expansion of the state banking systems at the expense of the National Banking System and later the Federal Reserve System. Eight statesOklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Washington-sought these advantages after the panic of
ROCK1 deficiency enhances protective effects of antioxidants against apoptosis and cell detachment.

We have recently reported that the homologous Rho kinases, ROCK1 and ROCK2, play different roles in regulating stress-induced stress fiber disassembly and cell detachment, and the ROCK1 deficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) has remarkable anti-apoptotic, anti-detachment and pro-survival effects against doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug. This study investigated the roles of ROCK isoforms in doxorubicin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which is believed to be the major mechanism underlying its cytotoxicity to normal cells, and especially to cardiomyocytes. Different antioxidants have been shown to provide a protective role reported in numerous experimental studies, but clinical trials of antioxidant therapy showed insufficient benefit against the cardiac side effect. We found that both ROCK1−/− and ROCK2−/− MEFs exhibited reduced ROS production in response to doxorubicin treatment. Interestingly, only ROCK1 deficiency, but not ROCK2 deficiency, significantly enhanced the protective effects of antioxidants against doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. First, ROCK1 deficiency and N-acetylcysteine (an anti-oxidant) treatment synergistically reduced ROS levels, caspase activation and cell detachment. In addition, the reduction of ROS generation in ROCK1−/− MEFs in response to doxorubicin treatment was in part through inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity. Furthermore, ROCK1 deficiency enhanced the inhibitory effects of diphenyleneiodonium (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) on ROS generation and caspase 3 activation induced by doxorubicin. Finally, ROCK1 deficiency had greater protective effects than antioxidant treatment, especially on reducing actin cytoskeleton remodeling. ROCK1 deficiency not only reduced actomyosin contraction but also preserved central stress fiber stability, whereas antioxidant treatment only reduced actomyosin contraction without preserving central stress fibers. These results reveal a novel strategy to enhance the protective effect of antioxidant therapy by targeting the ROCK1 pathway to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton and boost the inhibitory effects on ROS production, apoptosis and cell detachment.
Transluminal ligation of bleeding angiodysplasia of the small bowel without need for surgical resection

The use of intraoperative endoscopy to localize a site of recurrent intestinal bleeding is reported wherein, once identified, the lesion was managed surgically without an enterostomy but with transluminal suture ligation. This technique is particularly attractive for use in debilitated or elderly patients and those with advanced decompensated liver disease complicated by portal hypertension.
Dominance of long-lived excitations in the antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain NENP.

We have measured the dynamic spin correlation function for the quasi-one-dimensional S=1 antiferromagnet NENP by inelastic magnetic neutron scattering. Long-lived excitations (\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau}g10) exist for 0.3\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\le}q\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\pi}, and within error exhuast the total moment sum rule. The dispersion relation retains the fundamental periodicity of the spin chain, explicitly demonstrating the absence of broken translational symmetry in the ground state. The instantaneous spin correlation function follows a square-root Lorentzian for q\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{\pi} but deviates substantially from this form for q\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}0.8\ensuremath{\pi}.
Detection and ultrastructural localization of human smooth muscle myosin-like molecules in human non-muscle cells by specific antibodies.

Abstract Spectrin, a protein complex which is peripherally attached to the cytoplasmic surface of the human erythrocyte membrane, cannot be detected (by complement fixation with anti-spectrin antibodies) in homogenates of several different human non-muscle cells studied. On the other hand, a protein antigenically identical or similar to human smooth muscle myosin was detected (by complement fixation with antibodies to uterine smooth muscle myosin) in these cells. In the case of human fibroblast line WI38, this smooth muscle myosin like component was shown (by ferritin-antibody experiments in electron microscopy) to be at least partly associated with cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane of the cell. It is proposed that the spectrin complex of the erythrocyte membrane and the smooth muscle myosin-like component of the fibroblast membrane play similar roles in regulating the translational mobilities of integral proteins in their respective membranes.
Managing “Spoiled” National Identity: War, Tourism, and Memory in Croatia

Approaching the public representation of a “difficult past” as a macro-level impression management dilemma, this article addresses how states manage reputation-damaging elements of their histories on global stages. Through an empirical case study, I examine how the Croatian government has represented the country to international audiences via tourism after the wars of Yugoslav secession. Challenging assumptions that contentious historical moments will be commemorated, I find that the state has managed Croatia's “difficult” recent past through covering and cultural reframing rather than public acknowledgment. The country has omitted the war from representations of national history and repositioned Croatia as identical in history and culture to its Western European neighbors. I draw from Goffman's work on stigma to explain the Croatian case and to develop a broader theoretical framework for understanding the conditions under which public recognition of reputation-damaging events is likely not to occur. I co...
Correlations for transverse motion of liquid drops on fibers

Abstract The movement of drops on fibers is encountered in many processes such as coalescence filtration, de-misters, protective garments such as rain coats, and in applications of liquid coatings onto fabrics. The motions of drops on fibers are not easily predicted and few correlations are available. The orientation of the fiber relative to air flow significantly affects the rate of movement of drops on fibers. In this paper an empirical correlation is developed to calculate the average drag coefficient for drops detaching from a fiber due to gas flow perpendicular to the fiber axis. A second correlation is developed to predict the fractional number of drops that move in the transverse air flow.
The relative demand for inputs: a decomposition analysis of US agriculatural production

(1988). The relative demand for inputs: a decomposition analysis of US agriculatural production. Applied Economics: Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 665-678.
Understanding support for innovation in a large‐scale change effort: The manager‐as‐instructor approach

A large-scale organizational innovation, a cascaded training delivery strategy, at a Fortune 10 automotive manufacturer was studied to evaluate its overall impact and to determine possible predictors of support for the innovation. Findings from this innovation study inform a model of innovation implementation and suggest guidelines for using mangagers as instructors.
Native shrub reestablishment in exotic annual grasslands: Do ecosystem processes recover?

The impacts of exotic plant species on ecosystem processes are well established, motivating numerous efforts to facilitate native-species recovery. Nonetheless, how the return of native species influences ecosystem processes and how these changes feed back to influence the recovery process are poorly understood. We examined these questions in exotic annual grasslands on Santa Cruz Island, California, USA, where the removal of nonnative herbivores has led to the recovery of the native shrubs Artemisia californica and Eriogonum arborescens. To examine the influence of shrub colonization on nutrient cycling, and the mechanisms by which these changes arise, we measured available nitrogen and phosphorus, and quantified nitrogen mineralization and litterfall rates under shrubs and grasses in the field and in experimental monoculture plots. Both native shrubs altered nitrogen cycling as they colonized the grassland, but they did so in opposite directions. Eriogonum depressed nitrogen pools and mineralization rates via large inputs of nitrogen-poor litter. In contrast Artemisia increased nitrogen and phosphorus pools and nitrogen mineralization rates. Last, to determine if shrub effects on soils favor shrubs or grasses, we conducted a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment in the field. Only the exotic grass was significantly limited by nitrogen. Thus the depressed nitrogen availability associated with Eriogonum colonization is more harmful to exotic grasses than to the native shrub. By contrast, the elevated nitrogen associated with recovering Artemisia favors grasses over the shrub, possibly hindering recovery of the native. Mechanistic studies of the ecosystem impacts of native-plant recovery are useful for managers wishing to predict which native species return ecosystem function, and whether such changes feed back to influence native recovery.
Utilization of enzyme markers to determine the location of plasma membrane from Pisum epicotyls on sucrose gradients.

Using linear sucrose gradients, particulates derived from pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) epicotyls have been fractionated and examined for marker enzyme activity. The coincidence of three reputed plasma-membrane markers [cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), K+-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase, and glucan synthetase] at the same position on sucrose density gradients, in combination with electron microscopic evidence reported by G. Shore and G. Maclachlan (J. Cell Biol. 64, 557–571; 1975), indicates that plasma membrane of pea epicotyl has a buoyant density of about 1.13 g/cm3. This density disagrees with those usually reported for plant plasma membranes and also with recent reports for Pisum. It is, however, shown to be distinct from the equilibrium densities of enzymic markers for particulate components derived from Pisum endoplasmic reticulum (1.10–1.11 g/cm3), Golgi (1.12 g/cm3) and mitochondria (1.18 g/cm3). Furthermore, other recent literature indicates that the 1.13 g/cm3 buoyant density may be characteristic of the plasma membrane of many members of the Leguminosae. Our data indicate that the conditions of differential centrifugation (time, centrifugal force), coupled with the amount of protein utilized, affect the resolution and interpretation of profiles of marker enzymes on sucrose gradients (e.g. glucan synthetase and K+-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase were sometimes found to be associated not only with particles of 1.13 g/cm3 density, but with particles of higher densities as well). Particulate cellulase was found to be associated only with particles with equilibrium densities of about 1.13 g/cm3. Cellulase thus proved to be the most useful marker for establishing a differential centrifugation regime which would permit examination of the 1.13 g/cm3 particulate components with minimal contamination by particles of higher densities.
Nitrogen and oxygen mixture adsorption on carbon nanotube bundles from molecular simulation.

The adsorption of a nitrogen and oxygen mixture (air) on two types of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles at both sub- and supercritical temperatures is studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo ...
Tumor-initiating activity of the 9,10-dihydrodiol- and 9,10-dihydrodiol-7,8-epoxide of 3-methylcholanthrene in SENCAR mice

Abstract The skin tumor-initiating activities of several bay-region metabolites of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) were determined in SENCAR mice. 3-MCA- anti -9,10-diol-7,8-epoxide possessed weak tumor-initiating activity when tested at 100 and 200 nmol/mouse doses (0.27 and 0.67 papillomas per mouse after 18 weeks of promotion with 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)). 3-MCA- trans -9,10-diol at initiating doses of 50 and 100 nmol/mouse was as active as 3-MCA. 3-MCA- trans -9,10-diol was also tested for mutagenic activity toward V79 cells in cell-mediated assays and found to be ∼ 2-times more potent than 3-MCA. The data suggest that 3-MCA- trans -9,10-diol is a proximate carcinogen for mouse skin.
Energetics of Honeybee Swarm Thermoregulation

Honeybee swarms regulate their core temperature at a high set point (near 36 degrees C) and the mantle at a low set point (near 15 degrees C). The temperature gradient from core to mantle permits considerable energy economy, and it is abolished only shortly before swarm takeoff.
Standing crop of foraminifera in sublittoral epiphytic communities of a Long Island salt marsh

During the summers of 1966 and 1967, 12 field trips were made to stations in North Sea Harbor, Southampton, Long Island (USA). From representative locations, 228 small samples of larger algae and their epiphytes (∼0.2 g dry weight) were taken aseptically. Enteromorpha intestinalis, the most widely distributed aquatic plant, was the most frequently collected. The large standing crop of Zostera marina and Zanichellia palustris was also sampled. Foraminifera were most abundant in epiphytic communities of Enteromorpha in early summer and later spread to Zostera, Zanichellia, Ulva, Polysiphonia, and Ceramium. Foraminifera were rarely found in epiphytic communities of Fucus or Codium. By summers' end Enteromorpha rarely had a standing crop of foraminifera. One of the most abundant foraminiferan species, Protelphidium tisburyensis, was found most frequently on Enteromorpha; Quinqueloculina spp occurring on Enteromorpha, less frequently. Ammonia beccarri and Elphidium spp were abundant in the environment, and showed little substrate preference. Patches of decaying Enteromorpha had the greatest standing crop of foraminifera and low species diversity index (0.581). Young green patches had a much higher species diversity index (0.94). Indices for Zostera, Zanichellia, Polysiphonia, Fucus, Ulva and Codium were, respectively, 0.82, 0.99, 0.86, 0.70, 0.77, and 0.196. No correlation was found between epiphytic community weight and total number of foraminifera recovered. The standing crop of epiphytes/g substrate dry weight was lower at some field stations; possibly explained by stronger current. Of the total samples, 50.4% were positive, with an average of 18 foraminifera/sample, or 40 foraminifera/g substrate plant and epiphytes. Twenty six samples were classified as bloom with 50 or more forams (57 to 425)/sample. Species diversity indices for these blooms ranged from 0.38 to 1.12. Ammonia beccarii was the dominant form in 18 blooms, Allogromia laticollaris and Protelphidium tisburyensis in 3; Elphidium incertum, Quinqueloculina seminulum and Trochammina inflata in 1 each.
Calibration of an optical tweezer microrheometer by sequential impulse response

We report a robust method for calibrating optical tweezers in any viscoelastic medium. This approach uses two coupled measurements—one from a static experiment in which a trapped particle diffuses passively within the tweezer's harmonic potential and another from a dynamic experiment in which the trap is jumped discontinuously to a new position while the particle undergoes transient relaxation back into the minimum of the optical potential. Together, these are sufficient to determine the stiffness of the trap in a material of unknown rheology. The method is tested in a Newtonian fluid and compares favorably with other means of calibration. The calibration is also per- formed in a non-Newtonian fluid of which standard optical tweezer calibration methods may struggle to characterize. The correctly calibrated optical tweezer microrheometer measures the rheology of polymer solutions in agreement with macrorheological measurements.
A case for the study of software management within a broad information technology curriculum

This paper proposes the study of Software Management (SM) within a broader educational area of IT. SM focuses on building governance and technical support infrastructures rather than development of technical artifacts. In this article we compare curricular recommendations for each discipline and use these to illustrate SM's unique role.
Contribution of metabolic carbon to mollusc and barnacle shell carbonate

Carbon in marine calcareous tests is not necessarily derived only from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIG) in ambient sea water; metabolic carbon can also be incorporated into carbonate tests, as shown by experiments using 14C-labelled food during the incubation of sea urchin embryos and coral1,2. 14C-rich organic matter (relative to seawater DIC) from terrestrial vegetation as well as marine organic matter (reflecting seawater DIC) is used as food by marine organisms in near-shore environments. This use provides the basis for a natural experiment on the systematics of metabolic carbon incorporation into carbonate tests. Here we have combined 14C/12C and 13C/12C ratio measurements on both the calcareous and the organic parts of marine organisms and on DIC, plankton and other carbon-bearing materials collected in and around New Haven Harbor (Connecticut, USA) in Long Island Sound, where the various sources of carbon can be identified, and we deduce that a large percentage of the carbon in calcareous tests is metabolic carbon. Thus, it is at best difficult to use the δ13C values of ancient biogenic carbonate from molluscs to predict the ancient δ13C values of seawater DIC
Brain metabolic effects of Neotrofin in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Neotrofin™, a reported inducer of CNS neurotrophic factor synthesis and release, with memory-enhancing activity and demonstrated restoration of age-induced memory deficits in animals, was tested in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Nineteen subjects were treated with 1 week of low-dose (150 mg per day) and 1 week of high-dose (500 or 1000 mg per day) Neotrofin. Cognitive composite scores demonstrated improvement in memory (F=9.6, P=0.0004), executive functioning (P=0.004), and attention (P=0.004). PET scanning was obtained before, after low, and after high dosing. The brain areas most affected were the cerebellum, and sensory and prefrontal cortices, where increases in GMR (Glucose Metabolic Rate) were observed. Increases and decreases were observed in the posterior superior temporal (BA 22), parahippocampal, inferior temporal (BA 37, 20), and fusiform gyri as well as the superior parietal lobule and postcentral gyrus. There were strong hemispheric differences, producing opposite metabolic effects in homologous brain regions. Subcortically, the posterior thalamic region, meso-pontine tegmentum, and tectum had increases in GMR on the left side. At the low dose, GMR was generally increased, but to a lesser degree. The brain areas subserving memory, attention and executive functions were significantly altered in GMR by Neotrofin; however, the directions of these changes were complex. There were significant correlations between improvement in memory and executive function in brain areas involved in circuits subserving these functions. Thus, Neotrofin appears to induce metabolic changes in brain regions involved in circuits underlying memory, attention, and executive functioning.
Effects of Total Replacement of Atrial Myosin Light Chain-2 With the Ventricular Isoform in Atrial Myocytes of Transgenic Mice

Background —In contrast to their well-known and critical role in excitation-contraction coupling of vascular smooth muscle, the effects of the myosin light chains on cardiomyocyte mechanics are poorly understood. Accordingly, we designed the present experiment to define the cardiac chamber–specific functional effects of the ventricular isoform of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC2v). Methods and Results —Postnatal transgenic cardiac-specific overexpression of MLC2v was achieved by use of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Enzymatically disaggregated atrial and ventricular mouse myocytes were field-stimulated at multiple frequencies, and mechanical properties and calcium kinetics were studied by use of video edge detection and FURA 2-AM, respectively. MLC2v overexpression resulted in complete replacement of the atrial with the ventricular isoform of the regulatory myosin light chain at the steady-state mRNA and protein levels in the atria of transgenic mice. Mechanical properties of transgenic atrial myocytes were enhanced to the level of ventricular myocytes of control animals in association with modest decreases in the amplitude of the calcium transient. Conclusions —MLC2v modulates chamber-specific contractility by enhanced calcium sensitivity and/or improved cross-bridge cycling of the thin and thick filaments of the cardiomyocyte.
Temperature dependence of the ultraviolet absorption cross section of CF3I

Abstract The ultraviolet absorption cross section of CF3I has been measured in the gas phase over the wavelength range 160–240 nm for temperatures 240, 295 and 355 K and over the wavelength range 240–350 nm for temperatures ranging from 218 to 333 K. Two intense and sharp absorption bands centered at about 160 and 171 nm and a broad and relatively strong band centered at about 267.5 nm were observed. The absorption band centered at 171 nm shows significant vibrational structure. The cross sections, at absorption peaks, between 160 and 175 nm, increased by increasing temperature. At the near-UV maximum of 267.5 nm, the absorption increased with decreasing temperature, but decreased at the lowest temperature. At wavelengths greater than about 280 nm, the absorption cross section decreased with temperature. The absorption cross sections were found to all fit a triple Gaussian expression for λ > 250 nm.