cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbial Mercury Transformation in Anoxic Freshwater Sediments under Iron-Reducing and Other Electron-Accepting Conditions

Potential rates of microbial methylation of inorganic mercury (added as HgCl2) and degradation of methyl mercury (MeHg) (added as CH3HgCl) were investigated in anoxic sediments from the Mobile Alabama River Basin (MARB) dominated by different terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs). Potential rates of methylation were comparable under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions but suppressed under iron-reducing conditions, in slurries of freshwater wetland sediment. In contrast, MeHg degradation rates were similar under all three TEAPs. Microbial Hg methylation and MeHg degradation were also investigated in surface sediment from three riverine sites, two of which had iron reduction and one sulfate reduction, as the dominant TEAP (as determined by 14C-acetate metabolism and other biogeochemical measurements). Methylation was active in sulfate-reducing sediments of a tributary creek and suppressed in iron-reducing, sandy sediments from the open river, whereas MeHg degradation was active at all three...
Phase transformations and tensile properties of Ti-10V-2Fe-3AI

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of the metastableα-Ti alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al has been studied using light and electron metallography, analytical electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A survey of the effects of microstructure on tensile properties of the alloy also has been conducted. It has been found that the alloy contains inclusions which are rich in Ti, S, Si, and P. The alloy has been shown to form ω-phase both athermally and isothermally. The isothermal ω can have either an ellipsoidal or a cuboidal morphology. The reasons for this are enumerated. The formation of α-phase has been studied, and three distinct modes of formation are described. A stress induced orthorhombic martensite also has been observed. The effect of this stress induced product on tensile behavior is discussed. The relative roles of inclusions and α-phase precipitates in the tensile fracture also have been examined.
Position-sensitive X-ray detector

Abstract We have constructed a single anode wire position sensitive gas proportional detector with a fwhm of 80 μm for a highly collimated monochromatic beam of 8 keV photons over a useful range of 38 mm, operated with 600 Torr Xe/CH4. The transfer function of the detector has been measured and explained by the theoretical charge distribution induced on the cathode.
Media Construction of White-Collar Violence Revisited: An Examination of Two Nightclub Tragedies

Wright, Cullen, and Blankenship (1995) examined print media constructions of a chicken-processing plant fire that killed scores of workers. They found that newspaper coverage of the fire was reluctant to describe the event as corporate violence. We examine the generalizability of Wright et al.'s study by conducting a content analysis of newspaper coverage of two events at nightclubs in Chicago, Illinois, and Warwick, Rhode Island, that left numerous people dead and injured. We found that although newspapers did discuss the extent of personal harm caused by the disasters and the potential criminal sanctions that could be imposed, they seldom made any specific claims as to the cause of the events (i.e., whether they were due to an accident, negligence, or criminal behavior). Contrasting findings between our study and Wright et al.'s suggests that more research should be done if we are to understand media constructions of corporate and white-collar violence.
Nonlinear Control of Semi-Active MacPherson Suspension System

This paper presents the control design and analysis of a non-linear model of a MacPherson suspension system equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper. The model suspension considered incorporates the kinematics of the suspension linkages. An output feedback controller is developed using an ℒ2-gain analysis based on the concept of energy dissipation. The controller is effectively a smooth saturated PID. The performance of the closed-loop system is compared with a purely passive MacPherson suspension system and a semi-active damper, whose damping coefficient is tunned by a Skyhook-Acceleration Driven Damping (SH-ADD) method. Simulation results show that the developed controller outperforms the passive case at both the rattle space, tire hop frequencies and the SH-ADD at tire hop frequency while showing a close performance to the SH-ADD at the rattle space frequency. Time domain simulation results confirmed that the control strategy satisfies the dissipative constraint.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Thermal decomposition of iron(III) oxalates

Abstract The thermal decomposition of iron(III) oxalates to iron(II) and CO2 has been studied and a mechanism of the decomposition of iron(III) monoxalate in aqueous solution has been suggested. The monoxalate complex has been shown to decompose at 75°C by a hydrogen ion dependent mechanism. Furthermore, FeC2O4+ forms a labile polymeric species when its concentration exceeds 10−2 M. The polymeric species is probably a trimer and is relatively inert to thermal decomposition. The trisoxalato iron(III) complex, in contrast to FeC2O4+, does not undergo measurable thermal decomposition at 75°C, regardless of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: effects of chronic treatment on ethanol-reinforced behavior in mice

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that aspects of ethanol drinking are mediated, at least in part, by serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmitter systems. Ethanol-preferring animals show decreases in serotonin function and receptor densities. In addition, serotonin uptake inhibitors have been shown to decrease ethanol consumption in animal models and in humans. However, the time course of these effects and their duration remain undetermined. In the present studies, C57BL/6J male mice were treated with one of three selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine. All three drugs produced initial decreases in operant lever pressing behavior for ethanol followed by a return to baseline on subsequent days. Immediately following 14 days of this initial treatment, subsequent treatment with higher SSRI doses was ineffective in decreasing ethanol-reinforced behavior. However, after a several week “washout period,” SSRI pretreatment again produced an initial decrease in responding for ethanol, again followed by a return to baseline. Thus, suppression of ethanol drinking may be related to immediate changes in 5-HT function following treatment with SSRIs, and tolerance to this effect appears to develop rapidly.
Seeking Gifts of Rare Materials: Things to Consider

ABSTRACT Rare materials collected by individuals, in the past and in our own time, when given to research libraries become important public assets that, as cultural heritage collections, lend distinction to the institutions that receive them and benefit education and scholarship enormously. What motivates collectors to become donors is complex. Institutions seeking such gifts must consider a number of issues and activities when embarking on (or maintaining) an active program seeking gifts-in-kind, including the librarian's personality, development models, institutional realities, challenges (negotiating, tax issues, deeds of gift), headaches (difficult donors, deposits, saying “No”), fulfilling obligations, and de-accessioning gifts.
On the kinetics of a Frank-Read source

Abstract Quasistatic nucleation and expansion of successive dislocation loops at a single Frank-Read source have been modeled mathematically in order to examine the effects of loop interactions. The expanding dislocation loops are driven by an applied stress; their motion is resisted by viscous drag forces and by interaction forces resulting from the elastic stress fields of the dislocations. A simple model of the double mill is employed in which the dislocation line geometry is prescribed. For wide ranges of the parameters involved the interaction between expanding loops is negligible. Thus the rate of generation of dislocation line length is determined primarily by the time required for nucleation of a single loop.
Horizontal Eye Movements from Abducens Nerve Stimulation in the Cat

Pulse trains with sinusoidally modulated pulse frequencies (50 to 150 pps) were used to stimulate the abducens nerve of the anesthetized cat. Eye movements, the measured output of the system, were observed to follow the sinusoidal modulating waveform over the modulation frequency range of 0.5 to 25 Hz. The gain and phase characteristics of such eye movements indicated the presence of a first-order system at the end of the oculomotor pathway. A delay between stimulation and eye movement of approximately 12 ms was indicated by the frequency response as well as by the step response of the system.
The reaction π−p → pπ+π−π− at 13 and 20 GeV/c

Abstract Data from the reaction π−p → pπ+π−π− at 13 and 20 GeV/c are analyzed and compared with the predictions of the Wolf calculation of the one-pion-exchange model (OPEM). We observe strong production of the N∗++(1236) isobar and ϱo meson as well as some fo meson production. In the pπ− system, there is evidence of the N∗o(1236) and the N∗o(1688) isobars and indications of N∗o(1518) and Roper resonance production. The pπ+π− system also exhibits enhancements in the vicinity of 1.5 and 1.7 GeV. There is a strong, unstructured A-enhancement in the 3π mass spectrum which decays preferentially through the πϱ channel. A prominent peak in the region of the π(1640) is also seen in this spectrum. The OPEM is able to reproduce many of the salient features of the data with the notable exception of the 3π enhancements in the A and π(1640) regions.
Anonymous Life: Romanticism and Dispossession William Blake on Self and Soul

Anonymous Life: Romanticism and Dispossession, by Jacques Khalip, Stanford, Stanford UP, 2009, xii + 235 pp. William Blake on Self and Soul, by Laura Quinney, Cambridge, Harvard UP, 2009, xvii + 19...
Gazing: an approach to the problem of definition and lemma use

A major outstanding problem in automated theorem proving research is determining the appropriate use of definitions and previously proved theorems within a proof. Presenting the theorem prover with only the formulae that are necessary for the proof might be viewed as ‘cheating’ and requires that the user prove the theorem ahead of time. In real world applications of theorem proving, this is almost certain to be infeasible. On the other hand providing the prover with all formulae that might be relevant rapidly swamps the prover with unnecessary information. A technique for the selective retrieval of formulae based on features of those formulae and the conjecture at hand is required to solve this problem. In this paper I describe an abstraction-based technique which addresses this problem. Implicit hypotheses such as definitions, axioms and previously proved theorems are stored in a database which may be accessed by a heuristic rule of inference calledgazing. Before accessing this database the gazing rule plans the use of these formulae in a hierarchy of abstraction spaces. When the planning phase is complete, the system can use the indicated formulae with some confidence that they are relevant to the proof. Since the technique is abstraction-based, no guarantee that the plant will be eventually applicable or successful can be made. However, because the plans are built by considering increasing amounts of detail, the number of ways in which the application of a plan can fail is limited. Plan failures may be ‘patched’ in a uniform way.
Flow in nonuniform small blood vessels.

Abstract This paper presents a detailed picture of the distributions of velocity, pressure, and shear stress acting on the endothelial wall due to a local constriction or enlargement in a small blood vessel. Theoretical solution of hemodynamic equations shows that the shear stress is significantly increased by local constriction. At higher velocities of flow, eddies are found on the downstream side of the constriction. At lower velocities these eddies disappear. The pressure is reduced at the constricted section. The effect of local enlargement is generally opposite to but much smaller than that of local constriction. The Reynolds number is a controlling parameter of the flow. The maximum shear stress and the additional pressure drop due to local constrictions of various shapes are presented as functions of the Reynolds number.
Qualifications English Departments Prefer for New Teachers of Business and Technical Writing: Is it Time to Reassess our Degree Programs?:

Based on a survey of English departments, this article, after predicting a con tinuing strong demand for teachers of business and technical writing in English departments, presents and analyzes the...
Balancing auditability and privacy in vehicular networks

We investigate how to obtain a balance between privacy and audit requirements in vehicular networks. Challenging the current trend of relying on asymmetric primitives within VANETs, our investigation is a feasibility study of the use of symmetric primitives, resulting in some efficiency improvements of potential value. More specifically, we develop a realistic trust model, and an architecture that supports our solution. In order to ascertain that most users will not find it meaningful to disconnect or disable transponders, we design our solution with several types of user incentives as part of the structure. Examples of resulting features include anonymous toll collection; improved emergency response; and personalized and route-dependent traffic information.
Computers and Literary Scholarship

The use of computers in literary scholarship is by now so well entrenched and documented that concordance-making has become routine and less-explored areas are being increasingly entered. This article will examine seven of these areas, as well as a few related studies. These must, of necessity, be defined arbitrarily. Two recent dissertations, for example, offer suggestions of interest to the scholar/teacher. Hubert Austin's study (1970) of computer needs for undergraduate and graduate students at Ball State University recommends that students learn at least two computer languages, FORTRAN and one other. A language named COURSEWRITER, which is for computer-assisted learning, is available to Ball State students. Marina Axeen's dissertation at Illinois (1968) describes her work in an experimental comparison of computer-based instruction and conventional lecture methods to undergraduate students who were taking a course in introduction to library methods. Her study concludes that students learn approximately the same amount either way, but that the time of the instructor is saved in computer-based instruction, once the initial programming is finished. Some aids to research for the literary scholar, both in methodology and in tools, are described in a variety of trade and professional publications. An article by John M. Carroll and Robert Roeloffs in American Documentation points out some of the inadequacies of KWIC (Key-Word-In-Context), especially in its capabilities for permanent storage and retrieval systems. Their very technical analysis of how to set up a good system is based on work done for the Ph.D. at NYU. Their criticisms of KWIC are valid, as Richard Venezky's work with BIBCON concordance system has shown. According to a story in Computerworld, student reporters at the University of Bridgeport can now type in key words or descriptions, which define the news stories sought. Thus, student reporters are helped to think in relationships between the story being written and past stories on the topic. The system of retrieval, conceived by Dr. Howard Boone Jacobson, chairman of the Journalism department, directs student reporters to the precise issues, stored on microfilm. Another article in Computerworld describes how QOBOL, a source language, reduces typical COBOL statements into short mnemonics. QOBOL also provides a series of macro instructions for common procedures, which the user can supplement with his own macro instructions. A potentially useful method for setting up personal libraries from one's own records is set forth in Theodor B. Yerke's article in Datamation. Although the work was done for scientists, literary scholars with great technical expertise might find value in Yerke's work. Of the entire group of "related studies," the most useful to the literary scholar will be Jean E. Sammet's "Roster of
Image edge enhancement and segmentation via randomized shortest paths

This paper describes a new method for image edge enhancement and boundary segmentation. Like many interactive graph-based segmentation methods, users are asked to provide some foreground (or object) and background seeds. A set of randomly generated points representing the foreground are paired with another set of random points representing the background. The corresponding shortest paths of all such pairs are found and accumulated. These paths tend to go through the boundaries of the object of interest. Therefore, the accumulated paths can enhance the object edges, from which the final segmentation is obtained. Several experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The phosphorylation of myelin proteins.

Abbreviations I. Overview 2. General introduction 2.1. Myelin 2.2. Myelination 2.3. Myelin basic protein 2.4. Protein phosphorylation 3. Protein kinases that act on myelin basic protein 3.1. Cyclic AMP-dependent kinase 3.2. Calcium-dependent kinases 3.3. Other kinases 4. Phosphoprotein phosphatases that act on myelin basic protein 5. Phosphorylation of myelin basic protein/n vitro 5.1. In vitro methods in the study of myelin basic protein phosphorylation 5.1.1. Myelin preparations 5.1.2. Incubation of optic nerve 5.1.3. Cell cultures 5.2. Covalent attachment of polyphosphoinositides to myelin basic protein 5.3. Phosphoramide bonds in myelin basic protein 6. Phosphorylation of myelin basic protein/n vivo 7. Phosphorylation of other myelin proteins 7.1. Myelin basic protein-related polypeptides 7.2. 2',Y-Cyciic nucieotide Y-phosphohydrolase 7.3. P0 7.4. Myelin-associated glycoprotein 8. General discussion 8.1. Myelin basic protein phosphorylation in the oligodendrocyte 8.2. Myelin basic protein phosphorylation in the myelin sheath 8.3. Regulation of myelin basic protein phosphorylation Acknowledgements References 241 241 242 242 242 242 245 245 245 245 248 248 248 248 248 249 249 249 250 250 251 251 251 252 252 252 252 254 254 255 255
Love, Sex, and Masculinity in Sociocultural Context HIV Concerns and Condom Use among African American Men in Heterosexual Relationships

African American men in heterosexual relationships are virtually invisible in the theoretical and empirical psychological HIV/AIDS literature. This article posits that two theoretical frameworks—masculinity ideologies (MI) and sociocultural context—are important for comprehending Black men’s condom use. Qualitative methods, although relatively rare in U.S. psychology, are critical to understanding the context of lived experience, particularly with under researched populations and topics. This study involved semi structured interviews with lower-middle-income African American men (N = 13) between the ages of twenty-four and fifty in emotionally and sexually intimate heterosexual relationships. Data were analyzed via three techniques derived from grounded theory analysis. Analyses revealed that although many (n = 9) articulated traditional MI (e.g., sexual permissiveness) that have implications for HIV risk, eleven participants also expressed unconventional MI (e.g., being as or more emotionally invested th...
The inclusion of collisional effects in the splitting scheme

Abstract An algorithm is given for the numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation for a one-dimensional unmagnetized plasma with immobile ions, in which collisional effects are described by the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model. The algorithm is a straightforward generalization of the splitting scheme, which solves the one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson system. The accuracy of the splitting scheme to second order in Δt is preserved.
Mental health care for adults with suicide ideation.

Abstract Objective To estimate mental health and substance abuse services use for adults with and without suicide ideation. Method 2000–2001 follow-up of respondents to a nationally representative survey. Measures include self-reports of suicide ideation, specialty and primary care mental health services use, past year counseling, psychotropic medications and perceived need. Results The percentage of respondents who reported suicide ideation was 3.6%; 74% of them had a probable psychiatric disorder for which effective treatments exist. Nearly half of those with suicide ideation did not perceive a need for care, including some who received care. Of those with suicide ideation and a probable disorder, almost 40% received no treatment. Of those with suicide ideation who perceived a need for alcohol, drug or mental health (ADM) care, almost 40% received no care or inadequate care. In a multivariate model, having a probable psychiatric disorder, perceived need and being white were associated with increased likelihood of treatment use, among persons with suicide ideation. Conclusions Many adults with suicide ideation do not perceive a need for care or receive treatment in the same year. Even among those perceiving a need for care, many experience difficulties in obtaining it. It is critical to understand barriers to treatments for this high-risk group.
Fear of pain in the context of intensive pain rehabilitation among children and adolescents with neuropathic pain: associations with treatment response.

Abstract Recent research has implicated pain-related fear in relation to functional outcomes in children with chronic pain. The current study examined fear of pain, disability, and depression within the context of an intensive pain rehabilitation program. One hundred forty-five children and adolescents who participated in an intensive interdisciplinary pediatric pain rehabilitation day program were assessed in this study. Patients completed measures of pain intensity, pain-related fears, functional disability, and depressive symptoms at admission, discharge, and on average, 2 months postdischarge. After controlling for pain intensity, pain-related fear was significantly related to disability and depressive symptoms at all time points. As predicted, a decline in pain-related fear was significantly associated with a decrease in disability and depressive symptoms. Interestingly, high levels of pain-related fears at admission predicted less reduction in functional disability and depression at discharge, suggesting that high levels of pain-related fear may be a risk factor in relation to treatment outcomes. Overall, results indicate that the relationship between fear of pain and changes in disability and depressive symptoms are closely linked, with fear of pain playing an important role in treatment. Perspective This paper presents results underscoring the importance of pain-related fear in relation to treatment response for children and adolescents with chronic pain. These findings support the need to develop and implement interventions that target reductions in pain-related fear.
Transient administration of estradiol-17β establishes an autoregulatory loop permanently inducing estrogen receptor mRNA

Abstract A single transient dose of estradiol-17 beta is sufficient to elicit the permanent induction of hepatic estrogen receptor mRNA, which is induced 18-fold (from 0.13 to 2.4 molecules per cell) and then remains fully induced for at least 125 days. In primary liver cultures, extremely low concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, which are below the Kd of the Xenopus laevis estrogen receptor, maintain persistent induction of estrogen receptor mRNA but not of estrogen-inducible vitellogenin mRNA. These data and the ability of the antiestrogen, hydroxytamoxifen, to reverse persistent induction of estrogen receptor mRNA, support a model in which transient doses of estradiol-17 beta induce the estrogen receptor and thereby establish an autoregulatory loop. The low levels of estradiol-17 beta normally circulating in male X. laevis and the elevated level of receptor provide sufficient hormone-receptor complex to permanently maintain the induced level of expression of the estrogen receptor gene. The permanent induction of the estrogen receptor may be the regulatory switch that results in the persistent expression of a recently identified class of proteins that exhibit long-term responses to estrogen.
Tehama-Colusa Serpentinite Mélange: A Remnant of Franciscan Jurassic Oceanic Lithosphere, Northern California

The Coast Range ultramafic belt that borders the Sacramento Valley is largely a serpentinitematrix melange, called the Tehama-Colusa serpentinite melange (TCSM) after the counties it spans. It is b...
Interaction of androgen-binding cytosol proteins of rat prostate

Abstract Interaction of [3H]-androgen-bound 4S prostate cytosol protein fraction with 8S cytosol protein fraction at 0° resulted in transfer of [3H]-androgen-4S cytosol protein to the 8S cytosol fraction. This transfer was enhanced by elevated incubation temperature (37°). DNA-cellulose chromatography of the interaction product revealed that it contained a specific prostate DNA-binding [3H]-androgen-3S protein complex which has been previously shown (Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 65 (1975) 1327–1333) to translocate its bound androgens to prostate nucleus and to stimulate transcription in vitro.
Analysis of acylcarnitines as their N-demethylated ester derivatives by gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract A novel approach to the analysis of acylcarnitines has been developed. It involves a direct esterification using propyl chloroformate in aqueous propanol followed by ion-pair extraction with potassium iodide into chloroform and subsequent on-column N-demethylation of the resulting acylcarnitine propyl ester iodides. The products, acyl N -demethylcarnitine propyl esters, are volatile and are easily analyzed by gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry. For medium-chain-length (C 4 C 12 ) acylcarnitine standards, detection limits are demonstrated to be well below 1 ng starting material using selected ion monitoring. Well-separated gas chromatographic peaks and structure-specific mass spectra are obtained with samples of synthetic and biological origin. Seven acylcarnitines have been characterized in the urine of a patient suffering from medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
The development of a posttraumatic stress disorder brain collection.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric condition that causes significant functional impairment and emotional distress that negatively impacts the individual affected and society as a whole. Individuals with PTSD have been shown to have higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, exhibiting increased incidence of other anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders. They are also at increased risk for suicide and often become disabled. Society as a whole is then impacted by the financial burden and increased need for psychiatric treatment generated by individuals with PTSD (Kessler, 2000). Existing standards for treatments for PTSD, as with many psychiatric disorders, include psychotropic medications, individual therapies, and group therapies. Due to the lack of specificity of medications and the high psychiatric and substance use comorbidity in PTSD, existing treatments frequently fall short in alleviating and targeting many of the chronic symptoms of the illness. A number of neuroimaging studies have identified structural and functional changes in the brain associated with PTSD (Nutt & Malizia, 2004). While imaging findings are useful in identifying brain regions involved in PTSD, postmortem brain studies can complement these imaging findings by allowing for the investigation of these regions at the cellular, synaptic, and neuronal level. Even though the very definition of PTSD necessitates exposure to a traumatic event (APA, 1994), this does not preclude the possibility of a genetic predisposition. In fact, the recent discovery of a susceptibility gene for depression (5–HTT), moderated by life stress, is an excellent prototype of the model of a gene–environment interaction leading to a psychiatric disorder (Caspi et al., 2003). Results of family and twin studies indicate a genetic contribution to the etiology of PTSD (Connor & Davidson, 1997; Stein et al., 2002; True et al., 1993). While the specific genes involved in PTSD remain largely unknown, genetic studies have been undertaken to further examine this mechanism (Radant et al., 2001). As candidate genes are identified for psychiatric disorders such as PTSD, postmortem brain tissue will provide the opportunity to determine how these genetic contributions impact gene expression and protein levels. Studies of postmortem human brain tissue are essential Psychiatry 67(4) Winter 2004 416
Left upper lobectomy after coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Objective Left upper pulmonary lobectomy or segmentectomy after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) risks injury to the grafts. We reviewed our experience. Methods This is a retrospective review of a prospective database from 1 surgeon, of patients who underwent left upper lobectomy after having previous CABG. Results Between June 1998 and June 2014, a total of 2207 patients underwent lobectomy by 1 surgeon; 458 (21%) had a left upper lobectomy, and 28 (6.1%) had had a previous CABG. Twenty-seven patients (96.4%) had a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) used for the bypass. Twenty-six patients (96.2%) had significant adhesions between their lung and the bypass grafts. Of patients who had a LIMA graft, 25 (92.6%) had the left upper lobe completely dissected free from their grafts, whereas 2 patients (7.1%) had a sliver of their lung left on the grafts. No patient had a postoperative myocardial infarction, and 30-day and 90-day survival rates were both 100%. All patients had a curative resection, and all had complete thoracic lymphadenectomy. Conclusions Left upper lobectomy after CABG, in patients with previous CABG and LIMA grafting, is safe. Usually the entire lung can be safely mobilized off the bypass grafts; if needed, a small sliver of lung can be left on the grafts. A curative resection is possible with minimal perioperative cardiac morbidity, and excellent 30- and 90-day mortality.
Formulating and Evaluating Tou Rism Policy Using Importance-Performance Analysis:

The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of Importance-Perform ance Analysis (IPA) technique in the formulation and evaluation of tourism policy. The authors discuss the use of thi...
A piggybacking approach to reduce overhead in sensor network gossiping

Many wireless sensor network protocols are employing gossip-based message dissemination, where nodes probabilistically forward messages, to reduce message overhead. We are concerned with emerging systems in stationary sensor networks that are multiple-source with each message targeted at every recipient, such as query and code propagation. Default gossip-based approaches tend to treat each stream of messages from different senders independently of the others, overloading each node with message overhead summed from all streams. We apply intelligent scheduling strategies for gossip forwarding, effectively piggybacking streams atop one another, to address this significant message overhead. Our problem formulation introduces a new concept called the "semblance graph" used to schedule gossiping based on streams' gossip periods. Two new heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve the semblance graph problem. The performance of these two heuristics is on average within 3.5% of the optimal solution. Simulations show that the piggybacking strategy reduces the message, bandwidth, and energy overhead while still maintaining the original scalability, reliability and latency of the canonical gossip.
Disentangling Choice of Law for Torts and Contracts

In a federal system with state lines that are easily crossed physically and electronically, legal disputes often raise choice-of-law issues. Common among those disputes are torts and contracts cases. The courts have taken a variety of approaches to these cases, leading to inconsistent results that depend largely on which forum the plaintiff selects. Judicial fairness and economy dictate, or should dictate, that the choice-of-law issues be resolvable consistently and without unnecessarily tying up the courts or imposing large litigation costs, if it can be done in a principled manner. This article shows how it could be done.
Real-time three-dimensional visualization of standard light microscope image sequences for microassembly

In this paper we present a novel method to visualize a sequence of standard light microscope images in 3D for teleoperated microassembly. This method increases the depth of field of the microscope images over 60 times. A volume rendering approach is used to construct the images by making use of the functionality built into current 3D graphics hardware. Through the use of this hardware, the views can be constructed at interactive rates. Two views can be constructed simultaneously to construct stereo pairs for a 3D display. This method greatly assists the operator of a microassembly system by providing the same type of visual feedback that is available during macroassembly
Computerized Tomographic Evaluation of Symphyseal Donor Sites Used in the Reconstruction of the Posterior Maxilla: A Case Report of 2 Patients

Abstract Autogenous bone grafts are commonly used for reconstruction of the deficient maxillary alveolar ridge. Mandibular ramus, symphysis, extraction sites, and retromolar sites are the most common sources for harvesting autogenous bone grafts from intraoral regions. Several authors have used computerized tomography (CT) to evaluate the dimensional change of bone graft, but there are limited reports evaluating donor sites for autogenous bone. In this report, 2 patients were treated with autogenous bone graft from the mandibular symphysis. Postoperative CT scans were used to evaluate the radiographic change in the symphyseal area. The patients treated with autogenous bone showed uneventful healing at the donor and recipient sites and good acceptance of the procedure. At the final evaluation, CT analysis demonstrated a persisting radiolucency in the donor area, even though the defect size was reduced. Further evaluation may be needed to evaluate the progress of remineralization and long-term results.
A system for floorplanning with hierarchical placement and wiring

Hierarchical physical design is essential for large VLSI chips. This paper describes a new efficient floorplanning system designed to work within a hierarchical design environment; it supports either 'strict' or 'pseudo'-hierarchy, and multiple design styles. The authors have demonstrated that their mix of interactive and automatic floorplanning tools allows users to significantly improve the control of timing and wirability on VLSI designs. >
Mental, Physical, and Behavioral Outcomes Associated With Perceived Work Stress in Police Officers:

This study estimates the effects of perceived work stress in police officers and determines the impact of coping on both perceived work stress and health. Officers from a large, urban police department (N = 1,072) completed detailed questionnaires. Exposure to critical incidents, workplace discrimination, lack of cooperation among coworkers, and job dissatisfaction correlated significantly with perceived work stress. Work stress was significantly associated with adverse outcomes, including depression and intimate partner abuse. Officers who relied on negative or avoidant coping mechanisms reported both higher levels of perceived work stress and adverse health outcomes. Results have implications for improving stress-reducing efforts among police officers. Interventions that address modifiable stressors and promote effective coping and resiliency will probably be most beneficial in minimizing police stress and associated outcomes.
Reflection and transmission of guided electromagnetic waves at an air-chiral interface and at a chiral slab in a parallel-plate waveguide

Recently, the concept of chirowaveguides, which exhibit some novel and interesting properties due to electromagnetic chirality, was introduced and studied elsewhere. In this paper, the authors analyze theoretically another problem associated with chirowaveguides, namely, the problem of reflection and transmission of guided waves at an air-chiral interface and at a chiral slab located transversely in a parallel-plate waveguide. The notable features and the role of chirality of the medium on the reflected and transmitted guided waves are discussed, and physical insights into these results are provided. It is found that since the guided modes inside the chiral region of the waveguide are hybrid, in order to satisfy the boundary conditions at interfaces, the reflected and transmitted guided modes in the air regions of the waveguides need to be of TE and TM modes. The motivation behind this study is the potential applications of this problem to the design of novel measurement techniques for determining material parameters of chiral composites. >
A novel method for multi-objective design and optimization of three phase induction machines

A fast and efficient multi-objective optimization design method is developed for induction machines, which requires much fewer design iterations than the traditional design methods. In this new method the number of prime variables that define the optimization is reduced to only six. A canonical Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method with penalty function for design constraints is developed to find the optimal solution for a user defined objective function. After several trial solutions with the PSO, the optimal regions for both the design variables and the performance indexes can be estimated. The results will provide useful information for both a drive system designer and a machine designer at an early stage of the design process. A comparison study of PSO and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is also performed in this paper and the comparison shows that PSO is more successful in finding the global optima and also has better computational efficiency than GA.
Modeling the Nonlinear Dynamic Interactions of Afferent Pathways in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus

The dentate gyrus is the first region of the hippocampus that receives and integrates sensory information (e.g., visual, auditory, and olfactory) via the perforant path, which is composed of two distinct neuronal pathways: the Lateral Perforant Path (LPP) and the Medial Perforant Path (MPP). This paper examines the nonlinear dynamic interactions among arbitrary stimulation patterns at these two afferent pathways and their combined effect on the resulting response of the granule cells at the dentate gyrus. We employ non-parametric Poisson–Volterra models that serve as canonical quantitative descriptors of the nonlinear dynamic transformations of the neuronal signals propagating through these two neuronal pathways. These Poisson–Volterra models are estimated in the so-called “reduced form” with experimental data from in vitro hippocampal slices and provide excellent predictions of the electrophysiological activity of the granule cells in response to arbitrary stimulation patterns. The data are acquired through a custom-made multi-electrode-array system, which stimulated simultaneously the two pathways with random impulse trains and recorded the neuronal postsynaptic activity at the granule cell layer. The results of this study show that significant nonlinear interactions exist between the LPP and the MPP that may be critical for the integration of sensory information performed by the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
Sickle cell disease and complex congenital cardiac surgery: a case report and review of the pathophysiology and perioperative management

Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are hemoglobinopathies rarely encountered in the United States. Compounded with congenital heart disease, patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart surgery represent the proverbial "needle in the haystack". As such, there is some trepidation on the part of clinicians when these patients present for complex cardiac surgery. SCD is an autosomal, recessive condition that results from a single nucleotide polymorphism in the β-globin gene. Hemoglobin SS molecules (HgbSS) with this point mutation can polymerize under the right conditions, stiffening the erythrocyte membrane and distorting the cellular structure to the characteristic sickle shape. This shape change alters cellular transit through the microvasculature. As a result, circumstances such as hypoxia, hypothermia, acidosis or diminished blood flow can lead to aggregation, vascular occlusion and thrombosis. Chronically, SCD can give rise to multiorgan damage secondary to hemolysis and vascular obstruction. This review and case study details an 11-year-old African-American male with known SCD who presented to the cardiothoracic surgical service with congenital heart disease consisting of an anomalous, intramural right coronary artery arising from the left coronary sinus for surgical consultation and subsequent surgical correction. This case report will include a review of the pathophysiology and current literature regarding preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of SCD patients.
Topology optimization of thermally actuated compliant mechanisms considering time-transient effect

Thermal transducers, which can be regarded as thermally actuated compliant mechanisms, have found a wide range of applications, due to easy accessibility of heat source, and due to their good controllability and reliability. During the past decade topology optimization techniques have been developed as efficient tools to design distributed compliant mechanisms and accepted by engineers. In this research, based on topology optimization, time-transient effect of heat transfer is proposed to produce the localized thermal actuation, using only simple forms of boundary heating. Non-uniform temperature distribution can be achieved by controlling the heating time before steady state is reached. Two numerical examples are presented. The resulting technique can be applied to design a novel type of integral attachment mechanisms, which benefits the design for disassembly.
Singing to the Jinas: Jain Laywomen, Mandal Singing, and the Negotiations of Jain Devotion

While Western Jain scholarship has focused on those texts and practices favoring male participation, the Jain community itself relies heavily on lay women's participation for religious education, the performance of key rituals, and the locus of religious knowledge. In this fieldwork-based study, Whitney Kelting attempts to reconcile these women's understanding of Jainism with the religion as presented in the existing scholarship. Jain women, she shows, both accept and rewrite the idealized roles received from religious texts, practices, and social expectation, according to which female religiosity is a symbol of Jain perfection. Jain women's worship shows us a Jainism focused more on devotion than on philosophy. With rituals structured around singing hymns, Jain women negotiate hybrid theologies that sometimes conflict with normative Jainism. Singing to the Jinas describes these women's interpretations of their religion, not as folklore or popular religion, but as a theology that recreates Jainism in a form which honors their own participation.
Combining Instrument and Performance Models for High-Quality Music Synthesis

Convincing synthesis of wind instruments requires more than the reproduction of individual tones. Since the player exerts continuous control over amplitude, frequency, and other parameters, it is not adequate to store simple templates for individual tones and string them together to make phrases. Transitions are important, and the details of a tone are affected by context. To address these problems, we present an approach to music synthesis that relies on a performance model to generate musical control signals and an instrument model to generate appropriate time-varying spectra. This approach is carefully designed to facilitate model construction from recorded examples of acoustic performances. We report on our experience developing a system to synthesize trumpet performances from a symbolic score input.
Cell size control is sirtuin(ly) exciting

Mol Syst Biol. 9: 706 In the classic essay ‘On longevity and shortness of life’ Aristotle speculated on the causes of the length or brevity of lifespan. More than 23 centuries ago, he postulated that three factors have major effects on longevity: metabolic rate, reproductive rate, and size. Remarkably, these observations still hold true. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms that are responsible for these functions remain unresolved. In a recent article published in Molecular Systems Biology , Moretto et al (2013) used a novel pharmacological and systematic approach to deduce that the yeast sirtuin Sir2 has an integral role in cell size homeostasis. While the role of Sir2 in the regulation of the replicative lifespan of yeast has been firmly established, the proposition by Moretto et al (2013) that Sir2 integrates metabolic signals to modulate both cell size and lifespan is exceptionally provocative. Cell size homeostasis is a fundamental process that is integrally involved in the regulation of both function and fitness. The biochemical pathways that coordinate cell growth with proliferation to maintain size homeostasis are still being rigorously investigated. Two genome‐wide systematic genetic screens for small ( whi ) or large‐cell size mutants identified hundreds of genes involved in cell size control (Jorgensen et al , 2002; Zhang et al , 2002). Intriguingly, a recent study by Hoose et al (2012) revealed that the link between cell size and proliferation potential is more complex than previously anticipated. Building upon previous observations, Moretto et al (2013) confirmed that …
“Everyday Racism” in a Culture of Political Avoidance: Civil Society, Speech, and Taboo

This ethnographic study brings together theories of civil society and race scholarship, to ask how people talk about race in conversations that are not exclusively devoted to talking about race. In theory, civic participation in voluntary associations expands citizens' horizons; but in practice, thoughtful conversation about race can be impossible in public. In showing this process, the two U.S. civic groups studied here become springboards for refining theories of civic culture and ideology. Recent race scholarship examines racial discourse as a language that structures thought; few have asked how the very act of speaking about race can mean something in itself. The whites in these two groups were “doing things with words” together, using references to race as “moves in games.” Avoidance of public speech was not just a result of participants' way of “ thinking through race,” not primarily the symptom of a bond of shared, secret racism. It was a bond of interactional norms, that revealed members' understanding of the very meaning of public speech itself, showing what they assumed the nature of the civic forum itself was. Paradoxically, in the two voluntary associations, members who could voice anti-racist sentiments in private, “backstage” settings could not do so in more public, “frontstage” settings. The very act of speaking carried meaning itself; theorizing this meaning-making can help us understand civic life and the reproduction of racism in it.