cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Message from Co-Editor-in-Chief

It is with great pleasure that I write to welcome you to the newly invigorated International Journal of Angiology. The journal now has a new Publisher and an enhanced Editorial Board. It has fully entered the electronic era for submission and access. Past, present, and future articles published in the journal are now cited and available on PubMed. This will encourage both young and established authors to submit their work for consideration for publication. I personally amhonored to take on the role of Co-Editor-inChief beside the distinguished Dr. John Chang. We will strive for early feedback decisions on submitted abstracts as an additional “draw” for authors with work to be submitted. This journal has traditions that keep it interesting and special, and thesewill continue. Amongmy favorite features is the opportunity to read in the journal about a wide range of topics not covered in single-specialty journals. Specifically, I enjoy being able to read about vascular surgery, cardiac surgery, cardiac and blood vessel pathology and physiology, and interventional techniques. I especially enjoy the fact that papers published in the journal often represent early, exciting, and groundbreaking work in the germinal stages. One finds both clinical and basic science represented in the journal. I also appreciated the opportunity to learn from the superb review articles by specialists in the affiliated disciplines. From the outset, before it was fashionable, Dr. Chang and the other founders of the International Journal of Angiology recognized the inherently multidisciplinary nature of blood vessel disease and treatment and the benefits of collaboration between related specialties. This early recognition has certainly been vindicated in the current era of close collaboration between related specialties. This multidisciplinary approach forms the very core of the International Journal of Angiology. Welcome to the newly revised journal. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I do. John A. Elefteriades, M.D., F.I.C.A.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Transcripts and Pathways in Blood One Week and Six Months Following Implant of Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Introduction Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are an established therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure. The short- and long-term impact of these devices on peripheral blood gene expression has not been characterized, and may provide insight into the molecular pathways mediated in response to left ventricular remodeling and an improvement in overall systemic circulation. We performed RNA sequencing to identify genes and pathways influenced by these devices.
Concerning Rashevsky's theory of the “Gestalt”

In experiments of Kluver on monkeys and of Hertz on bees, observed reactions indicate the presence of a neural mechanism which serves to order geometric figures in a linear sequence, so that any given figure occupies a definite place in a one-dimensional array. In a theoretical mechanism described by Rashevsky, presentation of a visual stimulus-figure results in an excitation at a given center whose intensity is a function upon the curve is examined in some special cases, and the mode of variation is further described qualitatively.
Cellular 5′-3′ mRNA Exonuclease Xrn1 Controls Double-Stranded RNA Accumulation and Anti-Viral Responses

By accelerating global mRNA decay, many viruses impair host protein synthesis, limiting host defenses and stimulating virus mRNA translation. Vaccinia virus (VacV) encodes two decapping enzymes (D9, D10) that remove protective 5' caps on mRNAs, presumably generating substrates for degradation by the host exonuclease Xrn1. Surprisingly, we find VacV infection of Xrn1-depleted cells inhibits protein synthesis, compromising virus growth. These effects are aggravated by D9 deficiency and dependent upon a virus transcription factor required for intermediate and late mRNA biogenesis. Considerable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulation in Xrn1-depleted cells is accompanied by activation of host dsRNA-responsive defenses controlled by PKR and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), which respectively inactivate the translation initiation factor eIF2 and stimulate RNA cleavage by RNase L. This proceeds despite VacV-encoded PKR and RNase L antagonists being present. Moreover, Xrn1 depletion sensitizes uninfected cells to dsRNA treatment. Thus, Xrn1 is a cellular factor regulating dsRNA accumulation and dsRNA-responsive innate immune effectors.
Methods for the analysis and preparation of adenosylmethionine and adenosylhomocysteine.

Abstract Methods were described for the quantitative separation of adenosylmethionine and adenosylhomocysteine with Dowex 50-Na+ or Dowex 1-HCO3−. Procedures were developed for the preparation of adenosyl-methionine and adenosylhomocysteine of high purity and for the estimation of the concentration of these compounds in perchloric acid extracts of cells.
Percutaneous creation of acute type-B aortic dissection: an experimental model for endoluminal therapy.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of a percutaneously created type-B aortic dissection as an experimental model for percutaneous therapy. This model was used to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of single-balloon fenestration of the intimal flap. Materials and Methods Acute type-B dissections were created in descending aortae of 15 swine via a femoral ( n = 6) or carotid ( n = 9) approach. The initial subintimal tear was made with use of a Colapinto needle. The dissections were extended to a predefined position in the aorta. The proximal and distal tears were balloon dilated. The mural flap was balloon fenestrated in six animals, just above the celiac artery. Aortograms were obtained to establish the presence and extent of the dissection. Manometry was performed in both lumina to evaluate the hemodynamics of the dissected aorta and the effects of balloon fenestration in this model. Pathologic specimens were also examined. Results Creation of dissection was successful in 11 of 15 animals, with six developing true lumen narrowing (group A). The other five animals (group B) had flow in both lumina without evidence of true lumen narrowing. After the creation of a single-balloon fenestration in the group A swine, the arteriograms revealed no evidence of blood admixture between the true and false lumina, and there was no change in the intravascular pressures. Examination of the explanted aortae showed a more extensive circumferential dissection in group A animals as compared with group B. Conclusion The percutaneously created acute type-B aortic dissection is a feasible model for experimentation. The hemodynamics of the aorta did not change after single-balloon fenestration in this model.
Collaborative Learning and Dialogue: Democratic Learning in Adult Education

Building on the framework of Peters and Armstrong’s (1998) three Types of Teaching/Learning, this article explores the use of dialogue to foster a collaborative and democratic learning experience. There are three conditions under which dialogue can be facilitated as a part of the collaborative learning experience: (a) intent, (b) a dialogical space, and (c) a shared sense of the other. Each of these conditions is examined in detail, and examples from the authors practice as adult educators illustrate the application of these ideals. When trying to present a coherent discourse on intangible concepts, we are often constrained by the imperfect nature of our language. In this paper we struggle through this limitation to describe two important and growing concepts in the field of adult education, dialogue and collaboration. Instead of discussing the concepts in the abstract, thus falling into the aforementioned language trap, we try to root this discussion in the concrete experience of the adult education classroom. What follows is a description of collaboration and dialogue as we attempt to implement it in our respective learning environments. This is not an empirical examination of these concepts, but a discussion of them grounded in our experience and presented with the hope that other adult educators may be stimulated by our experiences to reflect on their own pedagogy as it relates to collaborative learning and democratic dialogue. People speak regularly, but rarely do they engage in dialogue. Most people are far more experienced with other forms of discourse such as discussion, debate, lecture, oration, and, what is generally termed, conversation. However, while individuals may learn by engaging in these various modes of discourse, dialogue is the approach best suited to collaborative and democratic learning. In this article, we discuss how dialogue comprises a central element in achieving collaborative and democratic learning objectives. We begin by distinguishing dialogue from other forms of discourse commonly used in various teaching approaches. We then consider how educators might facilitate dialogue in collaborative learning situations by sharing our classroom experiences and practices.
Structure of the ceramide octadekahexoside isolated from gastric mucosa

Abstract A fucose-containingceramide octadekahexoside exhibiting blood-group (A+H) activity has been isolated from hog gastric mucosa. Based on the results of partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and permethylation analysis, we propose that the carbohydrate chain of this fucolipid contains four branches. Two of the branches are terminated by βGall→4βGlcNAc, one by αFucl→2βGall→ 3 4 βGlcNAc and one by αGalNAcl→3(αFucl→2)βGall→ 3 4 βGlcNAc .
A Comparison of Four Scales for Anxiety, Depression, and Neuroticism.

Examined the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), AND THE Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) for specificity and validity as measures of anxiety and depression. It was hypothesized that if the BDI and SDS were specific to symptoms of depression, they would show high correlations with each other, low correlations with the TMAS, and intermediate correlations with the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI-N). The four instruments were administered to 170 undergraduate students, and correlations and qualitative content analyses showed that the BDI, SDS and TMAS were intercorrelated significantly with the EPI-N scale and that item content overlapped heavily among the tests. The results suggest all four tests tap an emotionality factor of stability-instability.
INITIAL CURRENT STUDIES IN LAKE MICHIGAN

Initial current studies in Lake Michigan indicate that the circulation of the southern basin varies according to the general wind field over the lake. Studies from May to July 1962 show a counterclockwise circulation, whereas studies from December 1962 to April 1963 show a clockwise circulation. Previous studies have implied that the general circulation of southern Lake Michigan was counterclockwise. Winter studies, including periods under an ice cover, indicate that northwest winds during the fall and winter period are responsible for a clockwise circulation during this period of the year. A new mooring system for current meters is also proposed.
Unravelling the mechanisms of durable control of HIV-1

Untreated HIV-1 infection typically progresses to AIDS within 10 years, but less than 1% of infected individuals remain healthy and have normal CD4(+) T cell counts and undetectable viral loads; some individuals have remained this way for 35 years and counting. Through a combination of large population studies of cohorts of these 'HIV-1 controllers' and detailed studies of individual patients, a heterogeneous picture has emerged regarding the basis for this remarkable resistance to AIDS progression. In this Review, we highlight the host genetic factors, the viral genetic factors and the immunological factors that are associated with the controller phenotype, we discuss emerging methodological approaches that could facilitate a better understanding of spontaneous HIV-1 immune control in the future, and we delineate implications for a 'functional cure' of HIV-1 infection.
Nationwide Increase in Hospitalizations and Hepatitis C Among Inpatients With Cirrhosis and Sequelae of Portal Hypertension

Background & Aims: Advanced liver disease and complications of portal hypertension are common indications for hospitalization. Our objectives were to characterize longitudinal trends in incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with complications of portal hypertension using a nationally representative data set. Methods: Admissions for complications of portal hypertension (hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, or variceal bleed) were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2003 using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification procedural codes were used to identify liver transplantation and portosystemic shunt procedures. National estimates for incidence of hospitalization over time, in-hospital mortality, and hospital charges accounted for survey design. Results: Hospitalization rates increased significantly by 5% annually between 1998 and 2003, particularly in the Northeast and the South. The prevalence of hepatitis C–related advanced liver disease among these hospitalized patients increased from 12.9% to 23.7%, and in those with HCV and concurrent alcohol-related disease the rate increased from 5.6% to 11.2%. US population–based in-hospital mortality increased modestly from 1.9 to 2.1 per 100,000 ( P P Conclusions: A significant increase in the incidence of hospitalization for complicated portal hypertension between 1998 and 2003 and a growing burden of hepatitis C–related disease have profound economic impact and underscore the need for interventions to prevent progression to advanced liver disease.
Neutral and anionic transition metal complexes supported by decafluorodiphenylamido ligands: X-ray crystal structures of {Na(THF)2}{Ti[N(C6F5)2]4}, {K(η6-C6H5Me)2}{ZrCl2[N(C6F5)2]3}, K{VCl[N(C6F5)2]3}, Fe[N(C6F5)2]2(THF)2 and Co[N(C6F5)2]2(py)2

Abstract Reaction of MN(C6F5)2 (M=Na, K) with transition metal halides results in the formation of transition metal complexes incorporating decafluorodiphenylamido ligands. TiCl3(THF)3 reacts with 3 equiv. NaN(C6F5)2 to yield the ‘metallate’ complex {Na(THF)2}{Ti[N(C6F5)2]4} (1). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal a tetrahedral titanium center complexed by four decafluorodiphenylamido ligands; while two THF ligands and four fluorine atoms coordinate the sodium cation. ZrCl4 reacts with 3 equiv. KN(C6F5)2 to give {K(η6-C7H8)2}{ZrCl2[N(C6F5)2]3} (2). The 19F NMR spectrum of 2 reveals phenyl resonances in a 2:1 ratio, consistent with a trigonal bipyramidal structure being maintained in solution. The crystal structure of 2 reveals a pseudo-octahedral structure, with the sixth-coordination site being completed by a weak ZrF interaction with a pentafluorophenyl group of an amido ligand. The potassium counterion interacts in an η6 fashion with two toluene rings in addition to a fluorine atom arising from one of the pentafluorophenyl groups. The reaction of VCl3 with 3 equiv. KN(C6F5)2 generates the ‘metallate’ complex K{VCl[N(C6F5)2]3} (3); the solid state structure of 3 reveals a distorted trigonal bipyramid with the coordination sphere being completed by a weak V–F interaction with the ortho-fluorine of one of the fluorophenyl amido ligands. Exposure of FeCl3 to 3 equiv. KN(C6F5)2 results in reduction of the metal center and the formation of the Fe(II) species Fe[N(C6F5)2]2(THF)2 (4). Compound 4 is tetrahedral in the solid state with none of the weak MF contacts observed for 1, 2, 3 and 5. CoI2 reacts with 2 equiv. NaN(C6F5)2 in the presence of pyridine to produce the expected product Co[N(C6F5)2]2(py)2 (5); X-ray crystallography reveals a five-coordinate species in the solid state which is additionally stabilized by a weak CoF interaction.
Dynamics of a Single-File Pore: Non-Fickian Behavior

The dynamics of an infinite one-dimensional system of hard rods is generalized to include the effects of a random background. Each rod follows a trajectory which is described by a generalized random function and when two rods collide they interchange velocities (and trajectories). An exact solution is obtained for the distribution ${f}_{s}(x,v,\frac{t}{{v}^{\ensuremath{'}}})$ which is the probability of finding a particle at $x$ with velocity $v$ at time $t$ that was at $x=0$ with velocity ${v}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ at $t=0$. The most interesting result is that in the long-time limit $p(x,t)$, which is the probability of finding a particle at $x$ at time $t$ that was at $x=0$ at $t=0$, is of the form ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4}}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{{x}^{2}}{{t}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$. Thus, the spatial distribution does not become Gaussian and Fick's law is not valid. It is suggested that this qualitative behavior might be expected whenever single-file effects become important and that it is not dependent on the details of the one-dimensional hard-rod collisions which have been used in the derivation.
The Road to Root Cause: Shop-Floor Problem-Solving at Three Auto Assembly Plants

This paper uses case studies of shop-floor problem-solving at three automotive assembly plants to examine organizational influences on process quality improvement. Three complex quality problems-water leaks, paint defects, and electrical defects-were chosen because they are universally found in assembly plants, have multiple sources, and can only be resolved with high levels of interaction and coordination among individuals in multiple departments or functional groups. The case studies focus particularly on the early stages of the problem-solving process-problem definition, problem analysis, and the generation of solutions-emphasizing how each plant tries to identify the "root cause" of defects. The paper then explores consistencies and contrasts within and across the three cases to analyze the factors underlying effective shop-floor problem-solving. Central to this analysis is the idea that successful process quality improvement depends heavily on how the organization influences the cognitive processes of its members. Problem-solving processes benefit from rich data that capture multiple perspectives on a problem, problem categories that are "fuzzy", and organizational structures that facilitate the development of a common language for discussing problems. Also, when problems are framed as opportunities for learning, the combination of positive attributions that boost motivation and the suppression of threat effects can improve the effectiveness of improvement activities. Finally, when process standardization is understood as marking the beginning and not the end of further improvement efforts, the normal inertial tendencies of organizations with respect to adaptive learning can be partially overcome.
Sucrose-dependent accumulation of oral streptococci and their adhesion-defective mutants on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite

The adhesion and accumulation of oral streptococci on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite was examined in strains representing species that appear in initial plaque (Streptococcus sanguise FC1 and Streptococcus oralis C5) and in more mature plaque (Streptococcus gordonii G9B). Washed cells of strains FC1 and C5 did not attach better to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite than did strain G9B, suggesting that the degree of initial adhesiveness does not alone account for the temporal appearance of these bacteria in dental plaque. Growing cells of each strain were also examined for their ability to accumulate on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. The addition of sucrose to the medium promoted the accumulation of strain G9B more than it promoted the accumulation of strains FC1 and C5. Sucrose also enhanced the accumulation of adhesion-defective mutants of each strain to levels similar to those of the respective parent strains. These results suggest that sucrose-dependent accumulation may facilitate the colonization of the tooth surface by these species of oral streptococci when adhesion is limited by reduced bacterial adhesiveness or limited pellicle-binding sites.
The Quadratic Invariances of a Generalized Network

The Manley-Rowe relation, as applied in the small signal linearized approximation, may be stated as a quadratic form that is invariant under the operation of the system. It is, however, only one of the set of such forms that is invariant through a given type of system. It is shown that the existence of quadratic invariances is a consequence of the eigenvalues of the system operator being either of unit magnitude or else grouped in pairs such that one is the conjugate reciprocal of the other. If this condition applies, then there exists at least n such linearly independent forms, where n is the number of degrees of freedom of the system. Each form then specifies a quantity that is conserved by the system. Methods of determining the quadratic invariant forms from the matrix operation of the system are developed. Application is made to certain simple two-port networks to illustrate the analysis and the significance of the resulting invariances. Parametric circuits are also studied. The Manley-Rowe relation is found, as expected. Other relations, applicable to subclasses of such networks are also found. Finally, application is made to a lossy parametric shunt element, such as an imperfect nonlinear capacity. The quadratic invariances for such a device, for the two-frequency case, are derived.
Impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on relationships between temperature and the Arctic Oscillation in the USA in winter

Associated synoptic patterns of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) significantly impact relationships between surface air temperature (SAT) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) across the United States in winter. Using historical data (1900 to 2002) and composite analyses, this study demonstrates that without the influence of the PDO, winter SATs are most significantly altered during various phases of the AO throughout the Ohio Valley region and in the South. More specifically, extreme phases of the PDO significantly alter SAT responses to positive phases of the AO west of the Cascades, in the Ohio Valley region, and along the northeast coast of the US. SAT regimes related to negative phases of the AO are significantly modified by the different phases of the PDO across the northern Great Plains, and throughout the West. When the AO and PDO are both negative, winters are typically significantly cooler throughout the upper Midwest, the Great Plains and in the Northwest, in comparison to winters when PDO has been neutral. When the 2 indices are out of phase, winters are cooler (warmer) than during neutral PDO years west of the Cascades and warmer (cooler) east of the mountain range during the AO+/PDO– (AO–/PDO+) conditions. Extreme phases of the PDO modify the north–south structure of the mean sea level pressure (SLP) field over the Northern Hemisphere, these changes being consistent with the modifications observed in the SAT patterns across the study area.
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Three-Particle Systems

A brief review of the Bakamjian–Thomas method for constructing Poincare invariant models of few-particle systems is presented. An application of the method to a simple model of the coupled N – πN – ππN system is outlined. This three-particle model contains vertex interactions as well as renormalization contributions.
Molecular and anionic polymer and oligomer systems with microdecoupled conductivities

We describe two different approaches to the problem of decoupling ions in polymer electrolytes from the chain segmental motions in order to obtain high conductivities even close to the glass transition temperature. In one of the two, the ions are also decoupled from each other so that single ion conducting materials can be obtained. The first method involves the use of polymeric anions while the second uses side-chain secondary relaxation as the principle behind the fast motion. Neither principle is new but the performance seems to be quite good in the cases described.
Smart infrastructure and sustainability the challenge of modeling the human element

The world we share is experiencing formidable stresses and changes along multiple dimensions. Coping with these changes while ensuring the well-being of current and future generations is the grand sustainability challenge of our times. Smart infrastructures form the essential bedrock for building sustainability solutions; however, a due consideration of human behavior in their use, operation, and evaluation is crucial in achieving the desired outcomes. In this paper, we discuss the ongoing global changes and the role of smart infrastructures. We also illustrate the need of and challenges in modeling the human element in order to realize the potential of smart infrastructures.
Novel mesoscale defect structure on NiO(1 0 0) surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Abstract Cleaved NiO(1 0 0) surfaces were imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine defect concentrations and morphology. Random 〈0 1 0〉 and 〈0 0 1〉 oriented steps, which have been previously characterized, were the most common defect observed on the cleaved surface and formed with step heights in multiples of 2.1 A, the Ni–O nearest-neighbor distance, and terrace widths in the range of 25–100 nm. In addition, the surface showed novel mesoscale (∼0.5–2 μm) square pyramidal defects with the pyramid base oriented along 〈1 0 0〉 symmetry related directions. Upon etching, the pyramidal defects converted to more stable cubic pits, consistent with (1 0 0) symmetry related walls. The square pyramidal pits tended to cluster or to form along step edges, where the weakened structure is more susceptible to surface deformations. Also, a small concentration of square pyramidal pits, oriented with the base of the pyramid along 〈0 1 1〉, was observed on the cleaved NiO surfaces. For comparison purposes, chemical mechanical polished (CMP) NiO(1 0 0) substrates were imaged with AFM. Defect concentrations were of comparable levels to the cleaved surface, but showed a different distribution of defect types. Long-ranged stepped defects were much less common on CMP substrates, and the predominant defects observed were cubic pits with sidewalls steeper than could be accurately measured by the AFM tip. These defects were similar in size and structure to those observed on cleaved NiO(1 0 0) surfaces that had been acid etched, although pit clustering was more pronounced for the CMP surfaces.
Preliminary study of the lipides of Rhodotorula gracilis

Abstract 1. 1. The average total lipide content of nine air-dried samples of Rhodotorula gracilis was 31.23% of the dry weight. 2. 2. The average amount of phospholipide was 1.2% of the dry weight and 3.8% of the total lipides. The phospholipides contained 1.1% N and 3.3% P with a molar ratio of 1.22. 3. 3. The acetone-soluble (which includes the “ether-soluble”) comprised the major part of the total lipides, averaging 88%, the remainder consisting of phospholipides, waxy material, and “firmly bound” lipide. 4. 4. Choline, serine, and glycerophosphoric acid (87.6% alpha) were obtained from the phospholipides. No ethanolamine or sphingosine and no inositol or sugar-containing phospholipides were found. 5. 5. The nonsaponifiable material averaged 2.7% of the dry weight of the yeast and 8.6% of the total lipides. Ergosterol and two other unidentified sterols were isolated. The crude sterol preparation averaged 0.42% of the dry weight of the yeast and 1.35% of the total lipide content. 6. 6. An insoluble polysaccharide was obtained from the methanol extract which yielded only glucose on hydrolysis.
Reduction of fretting corrosion of Ti‐6Al‐4V by various surface treatments

Titanium and titanium-6% aluminum-4% vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) are known to be biocompatible and corrosion resistant. However, there have been numerous reports of elevated tissue levels of titanium due to passive dissolution, wear, or fretting corrosion of implants. Studies were undertaken to determine whether the fretting corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V could be reduced by surface treatment of one or both surfaces in a fretting situation. Three different surface treatments were studied: ion implantation, physical vapor deposition nitriding, and plasma ion nitriding. The specimens used were screws fretting against the countersinks of a two-hole plate. Fretting corrosion was assessed by weight loss, by chemical analysis of test solutions, and by scanning electron microscopy. Surface treatment of one component, the screws, resulted in reduction in the release of titanium to only 18-32% of that seen with the untreated controls. Weight loss of the untreated plates fretted against physical vapor deposition nitrided screws and plasma ion nitrided screws was reduced to 31 and 38% of the control, respectively. The weight loss of plasma nitrided screws was only 30% that of the control. Nitriding of both plates and screws resulted in a further decrease in plate weight loss and metal release. Plasma ion nitriding of both components had the most significant effect, with the weight loss and titanium release being only 11 and 2% of the control values, respectively.
Periventricular white matter changes and oropharyngeal swallowing in normal individuals

Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed patchy periventricular white matter lesions or “unidentified bright objects” (UBOs) in otherwise neurologically intact individuals. Quantitative videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluations and cranial MRI examinations were studied in 49 neurologically normal volunteers (ages 43 to 79 years). Total swallowing duration (TSD) and its subcomponents of oral transit duration (OTD), stage transition duration (STD), and pharyngeal response duration were measured for liquid and semisolid swallows. MRIs were graded from 0, or no UBOs, to 3, or multiple and confluent lesions. The effect of the presence of UBOs on swallowing durational measures and risk factors was analyzed with age differences accounted for statistically (AN-COVA). TSD and OTD for semisolids were significantly differentiated by MRI score (P<0.009 andP<0.047, respectively). That is, a demonstrable effect was found for an increased number of UBOs on duration of oropharyngeal swallowing in normal individuals.
The proton magnetic resonance spectra of H2CC13H2 and H2CCHD

Abstract We have obtained and analyzed the proton magnetic resonance spectrum of H 2 CC 13 H 2 in natural abundance (low-field half of C 13 H 2 doublet only) and that of H 2 CCHD. The latter was treated as an ABCX system, complete matrix elements for which are given. These analyses permitted a determination of the magnitude of all the HH coupling constants in ethylene as well as the C 13 H coupling. In addition the deuterium isotope effect on the shifts in ethylene- d 1 has been studied and compared with that observed in other molecules.
DRAFT: A dynamically reconfigurable processor for integer arithmetic

A special computer for high-precision arithmetic features an ALU that is dynamically reconfigurable under program control. The 256-bit ALU consists of 8 32-Mt slices each of which has its own ALU operation code in each microinstruction. The slices can remain logically separated from each other, or he dynamically connected to either or both of their neighbors under control of a segment control code that is part of each microinstruction. The micro-assembly language designed for the machine includes special features to assist in the control of the segmentation, data addressing, and control sequencing. Estimations of the times required to execute arithmetic operations on the machine show that it will be exceptionally fast for problems in computational number theory and factoring of integers.
Comparison of soluble and immobilized acetate for removing Pb from contaminated soil.

Abstract Five lead (Pb) contaminated soils were used in a laboratory and modeling study to examine the effects of soluble and immobilized acetate on Pb removal from a contaminated soil as a function of pH. Soluble acetate was added as sodium acetate; immobilized acetate was added in the form of a cation exchange resin. For comparative purposes, Pb adsorption with no acetate also was measured as a function of pH. A surface complexation modeling framework was used to interpret experimental data. Experimental results showed the cation exchange resin was much more effective than soluble acetate in removing Pb from soils due to a strong affinity of the resin for Pb. In addition, concentrations of soluble Pb in resin/soil slurry were very low, minimizing the pollution threat if discharged. As deduced from modeling studies, soluble acetate performed poorly compared to the resin, in part, due to adsorption of the soluble PbAc + complex. The effectiveness of both soluble and immobilized acetate was diminished below pH 4 as a result of competition by H + for acetate. Modeling results based on resin affinity for Pb compare well with experimental data for resin/soil mixtures, suggesting that Pb partitioning in resin/soil mixtures may be predicted reasonably well if soil/Pb and resin/Pb partitioning are known. Thus, the modeling approach may be used as a screening tool to determine the performance of alternative resins.
Numerical experience with a superfast real Toeplitz solver

Abstract We briefly describe the generalized Schur algorithm for the superfast solution of positive definite Toeplitz systems of equations and its relationship with Schur's algorithm and the Szego recursions. We then present some experimental results obtained with our FORTRAN implementation of this superfast Toeplitz solver. The algorithm displays favorable behavior in that the growth rates of the resulting residuals and errors are comparable with those of the Szego recursions.
Polarization decay of an ethylene glycol polarized proton target in an intense proton beam

Abstract The first measurement of the decay of the polarization of an ethylene glycol target irradiated in an intense proton beam are examined as a function of the incident flux. Fits to the data using four functional forms are discussed. Using the form P = P0 exp (−ψ/ψ0), we determine the characteristic flux ψ0, to be (2.00±0.18)× 1014 protons/cm2. Dataon the decay of the relaxation time are also included.
Abstract 3501: Binary control of CAR-CTL by transgenic IL-7 and IL-7R expression

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL While adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) engrafted with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has produced objective clinical responses in vivo, the infused cells usually fail to persist long-term, limiting benefit. We have recently demonstrated that CTL persistence can be improved by engineering cells to express the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7R) which is physiologically absent on CTLs. However, this approach requires access to clinical grade cytokine and biodistribution to T lymphocytes at tumor sites may be insufficient. To circumvent these problems we have prepared two CTL products: one expressing a tumor-specific CAR in combination with IL-7R (product #1), and the second engineered to co-express the same CAR and produce IL-7 cytokine (product #2). In this way, both products have anti-tumor activity mediated through the CAR, while cytokine produced from CTL#2 should support the survival and persistence of the IL-7R-expressing CTL#1. A binary system such as this should be intrinsically safer than incorporating a positive feedback loop of both cytokine and receptor in a single cell. As a proof of this principle, we used the SFG-CAR that targets the ≤ light chain expressed on B cell malignancies: SFG-CAR/IL-7R-GFP(#1) and SFG-CAR/IL-7cyto-mOrange(#2). EBV-CTLs from 3 donors were transduced with each vector. FACS analysis of transgene expression indicated that all were expressed at approximately equivalent levels: CTL#1 (CAR, IL-7Rα, and GFP; 58%±15, 53%±18, 57.8%±12) and CTL#2 (CAR and mOrange; 54%±18 and 52%±20). The modified CTL were functional, and cells transduced with either vector were able to kill the α+ B cell tumors Daudi as evaluated by Cr51 assay (72%±13 and 69%±25, respectively) at an R:S of 40:1. Preliminary data indicates that CTLs#1 were able to proliferate in response to exogenous IL-7 administration, and IL-7 cytokine production from CTLs#2 was directly proportional to the antigenic stimulation provided to the cells. In addition, when CTLs#1 and #2 were cultured together we observed that CTLs#2 were capable of promoting the expansion of their CTL counterpart in a more efficient way than that compared to exogenous administration of IL-7 or IL-2. These results indicate that binary control of CAR modified CTLs is possible through transgenic expression of IL-7R and IL-7 cytokine in two different CTL populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3501. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3501
Design of tri-band branch-line couplers using novel tri-band transmission lines

A novel design of tri-band branch-line couplers using tri-band transmission lines is presented in this paper. The proposed tri-band transmission line employs a Pi-type line with open- and short-ended stubs. The line with Pi-type structure is applied to realize the dual-band operation at the first two frequencies (f2/f1). To achieve the third operating frequency ratio (f3), the open- and short-ended stubs are tapped at the center of the Pi-type lines. An ABCD-matrix is employed to derive the design formulas for the proposed tri-band transmission line. To verify this design concept, a planar tri-band coupler operating at 1/2.5/4.5 GHz is designed and fabricated. The simulation and measurement results show good agreement with the design theory.
A tethered balloon air sampling system for determining the vertical distribution of atmospheric tracers

Abstract A lightweight, constant–flow air sampling pump has been adapted for attaching to a balloon tether line for the vertical sampling of atmospheric perfluorocarbon tracers. Constant flow was maintained up to an altitude of 6,250 m. The pump design, construction, and sampling technique are described. Typical vertical concentration results obtained during a perfluorocarbon tracer release experiment are presented.
Effects of fisheye on visualizing connections between nodes

It is important for analysts to realize the connection between two distant nodes in a graph, which is not readily supported by existing space-filling techniques. We developed an experimental prototype, FocusTree, which displays graphs in two view modes: fisheye or tree. In fisheye view, selected nodes and the nodes connecting them remained full-sized while the other nodes were reduced in size. In tree view, all nodes remained the same size, regardless of selection state. We conducted a study to compare the speed of participants using the fisheye view to the tree view when determining the number of links between two nodes. There were two states for the degree of separation in the tasks: simple (four links) and complex (eight links). Results showed a main effect for view type with fisheye view being significantly faster than tree view for determining the connection between two nodes.
Interstitial cystitis following colocystoplasty

Abstract A case of interstitial cystitis occurring in a patient following colocystoplasty for intractable symptomatology resultant from interstitial cystitis is presented. The recurrence of the inflammatory disease in the transposed colonic patch does not appear to be immunologically mediated in this patient.
Theory of mutations. I. Wave mechanical model for replication independent mutations

A model is formulated to provide possible mechanisms for the transversion mutations observed to occur in metabolically inert virus particles at 0 C and 20 C. [J. W. Drake. Proc. Nat. Acad Sci E. S. 55, 738(1966)]. The transversions are accounted for in terms of relative hydrogen-bonding stabilities between possible base pairs. The model implies that the replication product of a template base is primarily deter-mined by the proton electron configuration of the hydrogen-bonding positions associated with the base. According to the model, the observed mutations are a consequence of proton rearrangements which occur primarily by a tunneling mechanism. Other mechanisms are less compatible with the data.
The Mother-Child Paradigm and Its Relevance to the Workplace

In response to Frederick’s exhortation to thoroughly examine the interaction of natural and cultural values, this article considers the mother-child paradigm proposed by Virginia Held and its potential for application to business ethics. The application of the model is done in two parts: the recognition of the centrality of the mothering person and child to our social well-being, and an application of the lessons learned from parenting to our civic roles and work environments.
Value, obligation and the asymmetry question.

Is there a prima facie obligation to produce additional individuals whose lives would be worth living? In his paper ‘Is it Good to Make Happy People?’, Stuart Rachels argues not only that there is, but, also, that precisely as much weight should be assigned to the quality of life that would be enjoyed by such potential persons, if they were to be actualized, as to the quality of life enjoyed by actually existing persons. In response, I shall argue, first, that Rachels’ view is exposed to very serious objections, and secondly, that his arguments in support of his position involve a crucial assumption, which cannot be sustained, concerning the relation between, on the one hand, propositions about good-making and bad-making properties, and, on the other, propositions about right-making and wrong-making ones. I shall then argue that there is a very plausible position concerning the conditions under which an action can be morally wrong which entails the following asymmetry: there is a prima facie obligation not to bring into existence individuals whose lives are not worth living, but there is no corresponding obligation to create additional individuals whose lives would be worth living.
PTCH (patched) and XPA genes in radiation-induced basal cell carcinomas

Abstract A study of X-irradiated tinea capitis patients has identified a small subgroup (about 1.5%) of people at high risk for developing multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Among 1680 Caucasians who received about 3 Gy of low voltage X-ray, the incidence of BCCs, 35 years after exposure, was 0.10 tumors per person. A random distribution indicates that no one should have developed three or more BCCs and yet 25 with three or more were observed. Among three selected from the latter group, one presented with five previously unreported BCCs; one presented with four; and one presented with one. Varied patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were found in the BCCs from all three patients in the region of the PTCH and xeroderma pigmentosum A (XPA) genes in chromosome region 9q22.3–31. The subject with five BCCs reported that 25 BCCs had previously been removed. Amplification primers for XPA were picked from intronic sequences and positive SSCP results were followed-up by sequencing the identified regions to establish the exact nature of the mutation. A large number of negative SSCP results were sequenced, but no mutations undetected by SSCP were found. Normal blood DNA of the subject with five BCCs showed a 14 base deletion in exon 6 of the XPA gene, strongly suggesting XPA heterozygosity. Biopsy samples of the BCCs showed the same 14 base deletion in all five BCCs. Allelic identification verified that the normal XPA allele was missing in two of two BCCs selected for testing. These data imply that a mutational inactivation of one XPA allele increased the susceptibility to BCC induction by ionizing radiation, possibly because the normal XPA allele was lost in the same deletional event that produced LOH in the PTCH region. These findings support the idea that the lost event associated with LOH at 9q22.3 frequently (5/5) includes both the PTCH and XPA loci. Frequently, an XPA allele located within about 3 megabases distal to PTCH is lost along with the PTCH gene. Overall, these results suggest how inactivation of the XPA gene may play an important role in susceptibility to BCC induction by increasing the UV-induced mutational rate of PTCH or other cancer-relevant genes (work supported by NIEHS, NCI, and EPA).
Chronic REM-sleep deprivation of rats elevates metabolic rate and increases UCP1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue

A cluster of unique pathologies progressively develops during chronic total- or rapid eye movement-sleep deprivation (REM-SD) of rats. Two prominent and readily observed symptoms are hyperphagia an...
Fine-scale remotely-sensed cover mapping of coastal dune and salt marsh ecosystems at Cape Cod National Seashore using Random Forests

Abstract Remote-sensing based cover mapping has a long history of use in natural resource management for a wide-range of applications. In order to be effectively employed, remote-sensing based cover maps must be accurate and meet the spatial scale inherent to the phenomena of interest. In this study, we employed the Random Forests algorithm in a supervised classification approach to construct a fine-scale (i.e., 1.0 meter pixel resolution) remote-sensing based cover map of coastal dune and salt marsh ecosystems at Cape Cod National Seashore, USA. We achieved high overall classification accuracies (i.e., 75.1% and 86.8% correct classification rate for the dune and salt marsh study areas, respectively) with a large proportion of the misclassified holdout validation assessment points being errors of commission between overlapping and/or ecologically similar cover classes. In addition, we were able to considerably reduce the predictor variable set by using a forward selection variable reduction method while achieving modestly higher classification accuracies compared to the global model. Our results suggest that coastal dune and salt marsh ecosystems can be mapped at a fine spatial resolution with reasonably high classification accuracy using a supervised Random Forests-based approach such as ours.
Dynamic multidimensional imaging of the human left atrial appendage.

Aims The human left atrial appendage (LAA) is a region of increasing interest as a target for intervention. We sought to improve insight into the anatomy of this region using computed tomography (CT). Methods and results Multidimensional cardiac reconstruction (whole heart and isolated left atrium) from CT images was performed in each of three groups: (i) patients without atrial fibrillation (AF, n ¼ 10); (ii) patients with intermittent (paroxysmal) AF (n ¼ 25); (iii) patients with continuous (persistent) AF (n ¼ 10). Indices included LAA morphology, anatomical relationships, dimensions, angulation, and motility. There was substantial interindividual variation in each index. LAA morphologic differences were associated with variations in anatomical relationships. LAA dimensions in AF patients exceeded those in patients without AF, but angulation and motility were similar. The LAA could be subdivided into proximal and distal portions, each of which had distinct morphology and anatomical relationships. Dimensions in men tended to exceed those in women. Conclusion Regardless of AF history, there is broad variation in LAA morphology, anatomical relationships, dimensions, angulation, and motility. These observations may have importance for the development of technologies for therapy delivery in this region.