cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Copper King Mining Company: A Case Study In Using Loans And Equity To Finance A Start-Up

The proposed Copper King mine in south central Utah was expected to produce millions of dollars in copper, gold and silver. A nearby struggling town and thousands of speculators and large banks seized upon this promise. They all were willing to invest in developing the mine. Copper King tried a wide variety of financing approaches, one at a time, over a several year period during which a significant amount of funds were raised. The financing options employed allow a study of the technical financing requirements of each of the options (hard money loans, waterfall loans, private equity and public equity). Copper King Mining Company is a lesson in the difficulties of financing a start-up. Important theoretical concepts include the problem of banks dealing with asymmetric information and moral hazard, along with the tools they use to mitigate that risk. Asset valuation and the price of risk are also important lessons in this case. This case is most appropriate for classes in corporate finance, money and banking, investing and entrepreneurship.
Microbial Processes in Porous Media

Microorganisms obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of electron donors with the reduction of electron acceptors for energy and cell synthesis. In porous media, such as soils and aquifers, microbes mediate a vast array of transformations, resulting in both beneficial and detrimental changes in water quality. These reactions can be modelled with Monod Kinetics, if provision is made for transport limitations due to sorption and the presence of biofilms. Important considerations for in-situ bioremediation include bioavailability of growth factors and target contaminants, reaction stoichiometry and kinetics, and the pathways of biotransformation.
A chronological guide to embossed Lipton Tea tins

Embossed Lipton Tea tin cans are a ubiquitous form of material culture found on archaeological sites internationally wherever Lipton Tea was sold (the present author is based in Alaska). Many of the tins dating from the first half of the 20th century once exhibited paper labels, which almost never survive archaeologically. I instead purchased tins with paper labels, which provide chronological information, on the internet. These, along with dated magazine and newspaper advertisements spanning from the late 19th to mid 20th centuries, allowed for the development of a scheme to date different embossed Lipton Tea tins through time.
From Alan Turing to modern AI: practical solutions and an implicit epistemic stance

It has been just over 100 years since the birth of Alan Turing and more than 65 years since he published in Mind his seminal paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence (Turing in Computing machinery and intelligence. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1950). In the Mind paper, Turing asked a number of questions, including whether computers could ever be said to have the power of "thinking" ("I propose to consider the question, Can computers think?" ...Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind, 1950). Turing also set up a number of criteria--including his imitation game--under which a human could judge whether a computer could be said to be "intelligent". Turing's paper, as well as his important mathematical and computational insights of the 1930s and 1940s led to his popular acclaim as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence". In the years since his paper was published, however, no computational system has fully satisfied Turing's challenge. In this paper we focus on a different question, ignored in, but inspired by Turing's work: How might the Artificial Intelligence practitioner implement "intelligence" on a computational device? Over the past 60 years, although the AI community has not produced a general-purpose computational intelligence, it has constructed a large number of important artifacts, as well as taken several philosophical stances able to shed light on the nature and implementation of intelligence. This paper contends that the construction of any human artifact includes an implicit epistemic stance. In AI this stance is found in commitments to particular knowledge representations and search strategies that lead to a product's successes as well as its limitations. Finally, we suggest that computational and human intelligence are two different natural kinds, in the philosophical sense, and elaborate on this point in the conclusion.
Design and Implementation of Academy and Department Scientific Research Achievements Information Database

Using the method of information system and information management,based on the fact of academy and department Scientific research achievements management,with recently popular technology of database management,academy and department scientific research achievements information database was designed,which offered a series of solution about designs of database,the system function,and the structure of system network,and realized scientific research management running on the network,digital storage and scientific standardized management,based on local area network.
An Analysis on Several Problems in Document Writing

Document is an important means of official business handling, whose political, legal and practical features strictly control the document writing. The frequent problems in the document writing are: lack of acknowledgement of it's essence; choosing unsuitable type of writing; inaccurate note of title, which seriously affect the quality of document and the authoritativeness and solemn of document at the time of executing administrative management.
A mixed methods exploration of how university students with physical disabilities perceive physical activity and the influence of perceptions on physical activity levels

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate university students with physical disabilities’ (SWD) perceptions of physical activity (PA) and how these perceptions may influence activity levels. Methods: Using reliable and validated surveys with in-depth interviews, researchers examined the perspectives of 13 undergraduate SWD regarding PA in the context of their university environment. Four quantitative surveys were used to understand participants’ health practices (SRAHP), exercise self-efficacy (EXSE), barriers to PA (BARSE), and outcome expectations for PA (MOEES). To gather richer, exploratory data, interviews were focused on answering how do SWD perceive and define PA, and what factors influence their PA participation? Correlational analysis and independent t-tests were used to examine survey outcomes. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and line-by-line coding strategies. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed correlations between all MOEES surveys, as well as the EXSE...
Expression of subunits of the metalloendopeptidase meprin in renal cortex in experimental hydronephrosis

Meprin A is a metalloendopeptidase in the proximal tubular epithelium of rodents that is capable of hydrolyzing a great variety of peptides and proteins. The aim of the present investigation was to...
Analysis of Immune Signatures in Longitudinal Tumor Samples Yields Insight into Biomarkers of Response and Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

Immune checkpoint blockade represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy, however responses are not universal. Genomic and immune features in pre-treatment tumor biopsies have been reported to correlate with response in patients with melanoma and other cancers, but robust biomarkers have not been identified. We studied a cohort of metastatic melanoma patients initially treated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockade (n=53) followed by programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade at progression (n=46), and analyzed immune signatures in longitudinal tissue samples collected at multiple time points during therapy. In these studies, we demonstrate that adaptive immune signatures in tumor biopsy samples obtained early during the course of treatment are highly predictive of response to immune checkpoint blockade, and also demonstrate differential effects on the tumor microenvironment induced by CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. Importantly, potential mechanisms of therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade were also identified. Significance: These studies demonstrate that adaptive immune signatures in early on-treatment tumor biopsies are predictive of response to checkpoint blockade, and yield insight into mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. These concepts have far-reaching implications in this age of precision medicine, and should be explored in immune checkpoint blockade treatment across cancer types.
The Role of Jews in the Transatlantic Slave Trade (1993)

Hostility to Jews has a long history in the West. They have been used to signify the antithetical, unassimilable, threatening, other, the malevolent outsider responsible as a people for killing the God/Saviour, for undermining the belief in one true faith and for exercising enormous and mysterious power over rulers, peoples and economic activity.
Observer Design for Parameter Varying Differentiable Nonlinear Systems, With Application to Slip Angle Estimation

This technical note develops observer design techniques in a unified framework for both time invariant and parameter varying Lipschitz nonlinear systems that are differentiable w.r.t. state variables. First, a new sufficient condition for asymptotic convergence is developed for Arcak's two-DOF nonlinear observer for time-invariant nonlinear systems. In addition to ensuring asymptotic convergence, extension of this observer design technique to optimization of a $L_{2}$ performance criterion is presented, which improves disturbance rejection performance of the observer. Next, augmentation of this technique to parameter varying nonlinear (PVNL) systems is developed. Different from methods suggested in the LPV literature, a simple but non-conservative finite dimensional relaxation method for quadratic parameter dependent LMIs is presented. These results constitute perhaps the first systematic observer design methodology in literature for PVNL systems. Finally, the performance of the developed observers is evaluated for estimation of slip angle using the commercial vehicle dynamics software CARSIM. Unlike previous results which use a LTI or a time invariant nonlinear model for observer design, this technical note presents a PVNL observer guaranteed to work with continuously varying velocity of the vehicle.
[Stimulation of the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors during simulated reperfusion after myocardial acidosis. The evidence for an arrhythmogenic role of the Na+/H+ exchanger]

Myocardial ischemia is associated with an intracellular acidosis recovering after reperfusion. Alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation (alpha 1) exacerbates ischemic injury and triggers ventricular arrhythmias during the reperfusion phase. We have tested the hypothesis that the arrhythmogenic effect of alpha 1 is due to a cytosolic alkalinization secondary to proteinkinase C (PKC)-dependent activation of the sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger. In addition, the effect of the 2 distinct receptor subtypes, alpha 1A and alpha 1B, has also been evaluated. We used single, enzymatically dissociated, adult rat ventricular myocytes. Cells were loaded with the ester derivative of the Ca2+ probe, indo-1 or with the intracellular pH probe SNARF-1. Fluorescence was monitored simultaneously with contractility and was taken as an index of intracellular [Ca2+] or as pHi value. Cells on a stage of an inverted microscope were superfused with a bicarbonate buffer continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 (pH = 7.37; Ca2+ 1.5 mM) and electrically stimulated at 0.5 Hz, at 25 degrees C. Alpha 1 (phenylephrine 50 microM + nadolol 1 microM) increased twitch amplitude and pHi (delta pHi = 0.05 +/- 0.01; pHi in control = 7.24 +/- 0.06, n = 10; p < 0.05). This effect was abolished by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine (5 nM), by overnight (12-24 hours) exposure to 0.2 microM phorbol esters and by the perfusion with 10 microM ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), a Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor. During 15 min of hypercarbic acidosis, achieved by switching to a buffer equilibrated with 85% O2 and 15% CO2 (pH = 7.01), alpha 1 had a more pronounced effect on pHi (delta pHi = 0.11 +/- 0.02; pHi in control = 7.02 +/- 0.04, n = 10; p < 0.05). During the 10 min following the removal of acidosis, alpha 1 induced aftercontractions in 75% (n = 20) versus only 25% (n = 8) of the cells in the absence of phenylephrine (p < 0.05). Superfusion with 10 microM EIPA (n = 6) abolished the occurrence of aftercontractions. Selective alpha 1A-adrenergic receptors stimulation (alpha 1 + 2 microM CEC, which inactivates alpha 1B receptors) further increased them (92%, n = 12) whereas selective alpha 1B-adrenergic receptors stimulation (alpha 1 + 2 microM WB-4101, a alpha 1A receptors antagonist) greatly reduced the occurrence of aftercontractions (11%, n = 18). These results show that the PKC-mediated activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger is the mechanism for the arrhythmias induced by alpha 1 during simulated reperfusion after a period of acidosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Applications of Monte Carlo/Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Finance: Option Pricing

The pricing of options is a very important problem encountered in financial markets today. The famous Black-Scholes model provides explicit closed form solutions for the values of certain (European style) call and put options. But for many other options, either there are no closed form solutions, or if such closed form solutions exist, the formulas exhibiting them are complicated and difficult to evaluate accurately by conventional methods. In this case, Monte Carlo methods may prove to be valuable.
Vaginal Tissue Extraction Made Easy.

Abstract Study Objective To demonstrate a new technique to improve vaginal morcellation. Design This video demonstrates a step-by-step process for morcellation through the vagina in a contained environment (Canadian Task Force Classification III). Setting When performing laparoscopic hysterectomy, difficulty arises when the tissue being extracted is larger than the incision made. To avoid extending an abdominal incision, the colpotomy tends to be the favorable location for removal. The difficulty with vaginal morcellation lies in retraction and keeping the specimen at the colpotomy site. Intervention This 42-year-old gravida 0 female with abnormal uterine bleeding with leiomyoma had completed child-bearing and desired a hysterectomy. She had a 17-week sized uterus with enlarged bulky myomas. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed using three 5-mm ports. After the hysterectomy completed, the specimen was placed in a bag for removal. Morcellation was performed, and the specimen was removed. This video demonstrates a simple technique for containing the specimen using a bag, an Alexis ring, and a stapler, and then removing it vaginally. This approach provides vaginal protection and retraction in a contained system. It also eliminates the need to close the abdominal fascia. Conclusion Morcellation performed through the vagina can be quick and easy using the technique shown in this video. Not only does the technique provide vaginal protection and retraction, but it also contains the specimen to prevent its loss during the morcellation process and to avoid the spread of any unforeseen malignancy. By eliminating the need to close the abdominal fascia, surgical time is reduced, and concerns about hernia formation from extended incisions are allayed.
A Review of Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Large Animal Models and the Frontier in Humans.

Objective To review the literature of spinal cord injury and stem cell therapy for large animal models and incorporate those results into an understanding of stem cell therapy for human cord injury. Methods Review of the literature. Results Eleven canine studies were identified and 3 sub-human primate studies were identified showing variable results. Conclusions Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic option for patients with spinal cord injury; however, the technology has many un-answered questions and further research is needed.
Cannabidiol Treatment for Refractory Seizures in Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Abstract Background Sturge-Weber syndrome results in leptomeningeal vascular malformations, medically refractory epilepsy, stroke(s), and cognitive impairments. Cannabidiol, a cannabinoid without psychoactive properties, has been demonstrated in preclinical models to possibly have anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and neuroprotective actions. Methods Five subjects with Sturge-Weber syndrome brain involvement and treatment-resistant epilepsy were enrolled. Motor seizure frequency, quality of life, and adverse events were recorded from the eighth week of the pretreatment period, eight weeks after starting maintenance dose (week 14), and the most recent visit. Results Four subjects had data through week 14, one of whom initially withdrew for lack of efficacy but because of other benefits re-enrolled with a lower dose. Two subjects at week 14 and three subjects with bilateral brain involvement had at the last visit a greater than 50% seizure reduction, reported an improved quality of life, and remained on cannabidiol 63-80 weeks after starting the drug. Three subjects reported mild side effects considered related to cannabidiol. Conclusion This study suggests that cannabidiol may be well tolerated as adjunctive medication for seizure management and provides initial data supporting further study of cannabidiol in individuals with Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Numerical simulations for a two-scale model in a porous medium

This paper deals with the numerical simulations of a system of diffusion-reaction equations in the context of a porous medium. We start by giving a microscopic model and then the upscaled version (i.e., homogenized or continuum model) of it from the previous works of the author. Since with the help of homogenization we obtain the macroscopic description of amodel that is microscopically heterogeneous, via these numerical simulations, we show that this macroscopic description approximates the microscopicmodel, which contains the heterogeneities and oscillating terms at the pore scale such as diffusion coefficients.
MRI of Cartilage: Pathological Findings

The most important clinical indications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are assessment of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA), chronic or acute osteochondral injury including sports injuries, osteochondritis dissecans, chondromalacia patellae, and inflammatory arthropathies (in particular before invasive therapy). In addition dedicated cartilage imaging is required after invasive cartilage repair procedures or conservative therapies, including pharmacological therapies, to monitor treatment effect. MR studies are required to tailor therapies and in the future new quantitative techniques may have significance in indicating treatment as well as monitoring therapy similar to bone mineral density currently used in the setting of osteoporosis.
EHR-based phenotyping

Display Omitted An EHR-based batch-phenotyping framework based on ensemble learning is proposed.The method aims to reduce the overhead of feature engineering and data annotation.Abstract feature representations are derived via stacking architectures.Disease cohort definitions can be learned from within the abstract feature space.A sparse annotated sample is only required for the model training and evaluation. In data-driven phenotyping, a core computational task is to identify medical concepts and their variations from sources of electronic health records (EHR) to stratify phenotypic cohorts. A conventional analytic framework for phenotyping largely uses a manual knowledge engineering approach or a supervised learning approach where clinical cases are represented by variables encompassing diagnoses, medicinal treatments and laboratory tests, among others. In such a framework, tasks associated with feature engineering and data annotation remain a tedious and expensive exercise, resulting in poor scalability. In addition, certain clinical conditions, such as those that are rare and acute in nature, may never accumulate sufficient data over time, which poses a challenge to establishing accurate and informative statistical models. In this paper, we use infectious diseases as the domain of study to demonstrate a hierarchical learning method based on ensemble learning that attempts to address these issues through feature abstraction. We use a sparse annotation set to train and evaluate many phenotypes at once, which we call bulk learning. In this batch-phenotyping framework, disease cohort definitions can be learned from within the abstract feature space established by using multiple diseases as a substrate and diagnostic codes as surrogates. In particular, using surrogate labels for model training renders possible its subsequent evaluation using only a sparse annotated sample. Moreover, statistical models can be trained and evaluated, using the same sparse annotation, from within the abstract feature space of low dimensionality that encapsulates the shared clinical traits of these target diseases, collectively referred to as the bulk learning set.
Effect of Papain on the Interaction Between Human Monocytes, Erythrocytes, and IgG

The mechanism by which papain detaches IgG-sensitized erythrocytes from the monocyte surface has been explored in an in vitro assay for the monocyte IgG receptor using red cells quantitatively sensitized with IgG anti-Rh D immunoglobulin. Papain treatment of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes diminished the ability of these cells to bind to the monocyte surface; however, treatment of erythrocytes with papain prior to sensitization with IgG did not inhibit binding, and at papain concentrations is greater than or equal to 38 mug/ml binding was enhanced. IgG receptor activity was not diminished by prior treatment of monolayer cells with papain and was enhanced with high concentrations of papain. These studies suggest that papain detaches erythrocytes from the monocyte surface by virtue of its proteolytic effect on IgG and not by an effect of papain on the D antigen of red cells or the IgG receptor on monocytes.
Transthoracic Esophagectomy Approach by Thoracoscopy: 3 or 2 Stage?

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths [1]. The incidence of esophageal cancer has been increasing dramatically over the last few decades, and esophageal cancer affects more than 450,000 people world-wide. Although squamous cell carcinoma predominates worldwide, in the western world this pronounced rise has been due to an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus [2]. The number of new cases in the United States in 2016 is estimated to be 16,910 [3]. Esophagectomy is an important, potentially curative treatment for localized esophageal cancer, however it is a complex operation and the morbidity and mortality are significant.
WAS CONDORCET A STOIC? ROUSSEAU, UNIVERSAL EDUCATION AND RATIONAL AUTONOMY IN THE FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT

This article considers the philosophical foundations of the French Enlightenment through a close study of the Stoic influences on the Marquis de Condorcet's education philosophy. The article argues that although Condorcet did not acknowledge any direct Stoic influence, his philosophy of education nevertheless should be understood in the eclectic idiom of eighteenth-century Stoic discourse. Furthermore, Condorcet's Stoicism was entirely compatible with Rousseau's Stoicism to the degree that one could call Condorcet a Rousseauean at least in matters of education theory—even though Condorcet, a protege of Voltaire, is usually presented as a critic of Rousseau. Finally, the article suggests that the notion of liberty that Condorcet seeks to make flourish through his national education plan is in line with the Stoic ideal of rational autonomy, despite Condorcet's insistence that the modern idea of liberty (that is, his own idea) is fundamentally different from the ancient idea.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a large apical ventricular aneurysm and mural thrombus.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness in the absence of any other identifiable cause of thickness. It predisposes the patient to increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to fatal arrhythmias. Approximately 2% of the HCM patients have left ventricular apical aneurysm. CMR imaging is better in identifying this apical aneurysm as compared to echocardiogram. This apical aneurysm, which can be akinetic or dyskinetic, increases the risk of disease-related adverse events as compared to general HCM. These adverse disease-related events include SCD, thromboembolism, and symptoms of heart failure. We report a rare case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in association with Williams- Beuren Syndrome. On CMR imaging, patient was found to have a large apical aneurysm and mid- ventricular obstruction with underlying thrombus. He was started on oral anticoagulation, and ICD was recommended.
Clonal Hematopoiesis after Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Successful intensive induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in at least a 2 to 4 log10 reduction in the 1 trillion malignant cells that are present at diagnosis, often with...
MECHANISMS OF OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE; LESIONS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT

Free radicals produce a number of lesions in DNA such as base lesions, sugar lesions, single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, abasic sites and DNA-protein cross-links by a variety of mechanisms. Hydroxyl radical, hydrated electron and H atom react with the heterocyclic bases in DNA by addition. In oxygenated systems, adduct radicals of pyrimidines are converted into corresponding peroxyl radicals with oxygen. Hydroxyl radical reacts with purines at diffusion-controlled rates by addition to C4-, C5- and C8-positions. A fraction of hydroxyl radicals reacts with the sugar moiety in DNA by abstraction of H atoms from all five carbon atoms, producing sugar radicals. Further reactions of DNA radicals result in formation of numerous products. The types and yields of DNA modifications profoundly depend on the free radical-generating system, experimental conditions, and the presence or absence of oxygen. In chromatin, DNA-protein cross-links are formed by combination of two radicals, or by radical addition reactions. A number of analytical techniques have been used to identify and quantify a variety of products of DNA. Many pyrimidine and purine lesions have been identified and quantified in cells and tissues. Evidence indicates that most products arise as a result of reactions of hydroxyl radical with DNA constituents in cells. A number of DNA lesions possess premutagenic properties. The biological consequences of DNA modifications in cells are largely unknown and await further exploration.
Incidence of severe pain in newly diagnosed ambulatory patients with stage IV cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pain is common among cancer patients.OBJECTIVE: To characterize the incidence of severe pain among newly diagnosed patients with stage IV cancer in ambulatory care.METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 505 ambulatory oncology patients with newly diagnosed stage IV solid tumours at a comprehensive cancer centre (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA) was followed from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2006. Pain intensity scores were extracted from electronic medical records. The incidence of severe pain was calculated using the maximum monthly pain scores reported at outpatient visits.RESULTS: Of the 505 patients included in the present study, 340 (67.3%) were pain-free at the initial visit, 90 (17.8%) experienced mild pain, 48 (9.5%) experienced moderate pain and 27 (5.4%) experienced severe pain. At least one episode of severe pain within one year of diagnosis was reported by 29.1% of patients. Patients with head and neck, gastrointestinal and thoracic malignancies were more likely to experience severe pain compared with patients with other types of cancer (52.6%, 33.9% and 30.5%, respectively). In the multivariable model, patients whose primary language was not English (OR 2.90 [95% CI 1.08 to 7.80]), patients who reported severe pain at the initial visit (OR 9.30 [95% CI 3.72 to 23.23]) and patients with head and neck (OR 10.17 [95% CI 2.87 to 36.00]) or gastrointestinal (OR 4.05 [95% CI 1.23 to 13.35]) cancers were more likely to report severe pain in the following year.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of severe pain was high in ambulatory patients with newly diagnosed stage IV cancer.
A Modular Robust Binary Tree

This paper presents a new robust binary tree designed using the theory of robust data structures. A basic module composed of three elements is replicated as necessary to form the robust tree, allowing a tree to be built up in a modular fashion while preserving its robust characteristics. The proposed structure is shown to be able to detect 2 errors (2-detectable) or correct 1 error (1-correctable) in any module of the tree under a generic fault model. The advantages of the tree when compared with other proposed trees presented in the literature are presented. Results of fault/error injection experiments on an implementation of the proposed structure in C++, including error coverage and performance overhead, are also provided.
NeuFlex Silastic implant in metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty

Die NeuFlex-Prothese ist wie die Swanson- Prothese ein Silikonspacerimplantat fur die Arthroplastik des metakarpophalangealen (MCP) Gelenks bei rheumatischer oder degenerativer Destruktion. Das Prothesendesign unterscheidet sich im Wesentlichen durch eine Vorbiegung des Scharniers um 30° gegenuber den Schaftachsen und palmar liegendem Bewegungszentrum, wodurch die Belastung auf das Scharnier um 35% reduziert werden kann. Die Swanson-Prothese ist gerade und hat das Drehzentrum dorsal. Vorteil des geanderten Designs soll ein vergroserter Bewegungsumfang im MCP-Gelenk mit besserer Greiffunktion sein. Ergebnisse von Simulator- und Labortests werden dargestellt und interpretiert.
Activity of a Chick Collagen Gene in Heterologous and Homologous Cell-Free Extracts

The collagens are a family of proteins found in most animal tissues, where they play various important structural roles as extracellular matrix constituents. Type I collagen, which consists of one α2 and two αl polypeptide chains, is a prevalent protein in bone, tendon, and skin (Ramachandran and Reddi, 1976) and is enriched in cultured chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). We have used CEF in culture as a model system to study the regulation of type I collagen synthesis. The gene coding for α2 (type I) collagen, isolated in a series of overlapping genomic clones, is approximately 38 kilobases long (Ohkubo et al., 1980; Vogeli et al., 1981; Wozney et al., 1981). Figure 1 shows that the coding information in this gene is subdivided into more than 50 exons. The transcription start site at the extreme 5′ end of the α2 collagen gene has been located (Vogeli et al., 1981) and subcloned into the plasmid pBR322 (see Section 2). Residing upstream of the start site (+ 1) are a TATA box (− 33), a CAT box (− 84), and three inverted repeat sequences that have the potential to form hairpin-loop structures (Fig. 2). The sequences involved in the formation of these three dyads of symmetry overlap and are thus mutually exclusive. Depending on which structure is formed, the CAT box is localized in different regions of the hairpin (Fig. 2, A–C). These sequences may prove to have regulatory significance.
When Sports Challenge Authority: A Case Study of Gatekeeping During the 2017 Chinese Ping-Pong Boycott

At the World Tour Platinum China Open in 2017, 3 leading Chinese table tennis players and two coaches withdrew from the Games to protest the sudden removal of Head Coach Liu Guoliang, triggering unprecedented public uproar online. Applying gatekeeping theory, this study explored how mainland Chinese media controlled information flow during the crisis. A thematic analysis uncovered 3 primary gatekeeping behaviors: repetition, selection, and manipulation. Findings suggest that the party-state, not media institutions, was the dominant gatekeeper in mainland China. The Chinese media system and sports system were both subject to strict government control during a crisis that challenged authority.
ADIPONECTIN, LEFT ATRIAL REMODELING, AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Data on the association of adipokines and atrial fibrillation (AF) is not consistent in the literature. This study aimed at exploring the association of adiponectin with incident AF as well as left atrial (LA) structure and function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). MESA enrolled
Sorption measurements performed under site-specific conditions — maxey flats, Kentucky, and west valley, new york, disposal sites

Abstract Sorption coefficients have been determined using site-specific sediments and trench waters, collected from the Maxey Flats, Kentucky, and West Valley, New York, low-level radioactive waste disposal sites. Experimental apparatus and procedures are described to preserve the anoxic character of the liquid phases during experiments. Experiments using anoxic and oxidized trench waters were performed as functions of solution pH, soil/solution ratio, water and soil composition. The lowest sorption was observed with the combination of anoxic waters and untreated soil—the combination most closely resembling the immediate trench environment. For best results in predictive applications, sorption data should be determined under conditions which simulate those in the field as closely as possible. The total radionuclide retention capacity of reducing geochemical environments is the sum of sorption processes on solid phases, as well as precicipation, and coprecipitation reactions involving iron mineral phases (sulfides and oxyhydroxides).
Botulinum toxin A versus electrogalvanic stimulation for levator ani syndrome: is one a more effective therapy?

Levator ani syndrome (LAS) is a functional disorder that can be a challenge to treat. LAS that is refractory to medical management may be treated with electrogalvanic stimulation (EGS) or Botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes associated with both EGS and BTX in patients with medically refectory LAS to determine if either demonstrate a long-term benefit or whether one treatment is better than the other. A retrospective study was performed on consecutive patients with LAS treated with BTX or EGS at our institute. Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The study time frame was 6 years. One hundred and twenty patients [80 females, mean age 52 years (range 21–84, SD 15.8)] were treated for medically refractory LAS: 102 with BTX and 18 with EGS. With EGS, 28.6% of patients reported a complete response, 14.3% reported a partial response and 57.1% reported no response to treatment. With BTX, 35.5% of patients reported a complete response, 19.7% reported a partial response and 44.7% reported no response to treatment. There was no difference between BTX and EGS with regard to treatment response. Patients who had BTX were more likely to report a short-term benefit in treatment when compared to those patients who had EGS (p = 0.002). This difference between reported outcome to BTX and EGS treatments did not sustain in the long term (p = 0.2). Both BTX and EGS are to some extent effective at resolving symptoms of LAS. In the short term, BTX appears to be more effective. Neither treatment sustains its benefit in the long term.
Chapter 5 – Practice of Objective Texture Measurement

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the major commercially available texture measuring instruments. Hand-operated testers are derived from the improved type of pressure tester. These are frequently called “pressure testers” but a better description would be to class them as “puncture testers.” The chapter lists the specifications of these puncture testers and presents some of the instruments. All these instruments use a spring to measure applied force with an indicator to show the maximum test force. This class of instrument is widely used to measure the firmness of fruits and some vegetables. The Bloom Gelometer is a puncture test designed to measure the strength of gelatins and gelatin jellies. It consists of a hopper full of lead shot that flows through a tube onto a pan, thus providing the force necessary to make a plunger penetrate into a standard jelly. This chapter reviews the early history of gelatin gel testing and discusses the necessity for frequent maintenance of alignment and adjustment of the Bloom Gelometer. All the universal testing machines are equipped to perform tensile tests. They provide a wide range of grips to hold different kinds of foods.
Mögliche Industrialisierungsansätze für Kundenservice-Center

Die deutsche Versicherungswirtschaft ist im Umbruch. Die Finanzkrise druckt auf die Gewinne, Auflagen des Gesetzgebers erschweren das Geschaft, in einigen Sparten toben erbitterte Preiskampfe, die Erwartungen der Shareholder und Versicherungsvermittler steigen, die Kundenerwartungen und -bedurfnisse verandern sich. Hinzu kommt, dass trotz des geringen Vertrauens der Deutschen in auslandische Versicherer immer mehr auslandische Anbieter mit attraktiven Angeboten auf den deutschen Markt drangen. Die Versicherer mussen sich dementsprechend unterschiedlichen Anspruchsgruppen stellen. Neben den Endkunden sind insbesondere die Versicherungsvermittler von Bedeutung.
Website Survey Method for Assessing Higher Education Employee Health and Safety Programs.

OBJECTIVE: The higher education industry in the US is large (almost 4 million employees and 19 million students) with diverse hazards. METHODS: We apply a novel health services research approach to systematically assess a sample of 55 institutional websites. The accessibility, content, and coverage of occupational health/safety program information were systematically coded for several domains (e.g., OSHA-related, specific hazards, clinical, person-oriented, COVID-19, and coverage). RESULTS: Information was more available for programs related to OSHA mandates (e.g., chemical hygiene) and specific hazards than for person-oriented programs (e.g., counseling). Larger institutions provide better information and more comprehensive programs than smaller institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Higher education institutions warrant increasing attention to occupational health and safety, particularly as COVID-19 increased attention to workplace health issues.
Deceased-Donor Kidney Biopsy Scoring Systems for Predicting Future Graft Function: A Comparative Study.

Abstract Background Deceased-donor kidney quality pretransplantation is considered critical for future graft function. Assessment of donor kidney quality considers clinical and histologic variables. Several models that incorporate a variety of these factors have been proposed to predict long-term graft survival. Methods We compared the performance metrics of 4 scoring systems models---the Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index, Banff, Remuzzi, and Leuven---for predicting renal allograft survival. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 173 renal allografts that underwent preoperative baseline biopsy. Donor demographics and donor baseline histopathology data were collected and correlated with graft survival posttransplant. Results Among the 4 scoring systems, none were significantly associated with posttransplant graft survival or early graft function. The Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index scoring system had better predictive capacity in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; however, the utility as a predictor of graft survival was only slightly better than chance. Baseline histologic features were individually analyzed, and it was found that none were associated with graft survival in this cohort. Among donor demographics, none were significantly associated with graft survival. Conclusions In our study none of the 4 previously proposed predictive models were associated with graft survival after transplantation. Further studies are needed to define new models with stronger predictive value for graft outcome that could help minimize organ discards.
Simulation in Defense and Combat Medicine

The principles that governs military medical simulation training is reflected by the military maxim, “Fight like you train and train like you fight.” Preparing the deploying military medical personnel (MMP) for operational and battlefield conditions is one of the most difficult challenges facing the military simulation community. The injury patterns seen in war and the skills required for combat medicine are rarely encountered or rehearsed under civilian medical practice. To achieve this mandate, the United States military has long employed simulation training exercises for combat training, pre-deployment personnel readiness, and deliberate practice of team-based operations [1–4]. This chapter describes how the military employs simulation training to address these unique training needs, and the impact simulation training has had on the success of its medical units on the battlefield.
Negation in Dedekind Orderings and the Logic of Reciprocity

This chapter uses the method of Koslow (A structuralist theory of logic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) to analyze the properties of negation in a class of orderings first characterized by Dedekind (Uber Zerlegungen von Zahlen durch ihre grosten gemeinsamen Thaler. In Fest-Schrift der herzoglichen Technischen Hochschule Carolo-Wilhelmina dargeboten den naturwissenschaftlichen Teilnehmern an der 69. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte, ed. Heinrich Beckurts, 1–40, 1897. Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. Reprinted in Robert Fricke, Emmy Noerther, and Oysten Ore (eds.). Gesammelte Mathematische Werke, vol. II, 103–147. Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn, 1931) and to answer an open question about the upper bound on the number of logically distinct combinations of negation operators in non-classical orderings in general. It then applies some of the results to a reanalysis of the logic of reciprocity in Langendoen (Linguistic Inquiry 9: 177–197, 1978).
Patient perceptions of palliative care in the process of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

e24082Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is associated with significant short- and long-term sequelae that affect patients’ overall quality of life (QoL) and their...
Identifying On-road Scenarios Predictive of ADHD usingDriving Simulator Time Series Data.

In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm called Iterative Section Reduction (ISR) to automatically identify sub-intervals of spatiotemporal time series that are predictive of a target classification task. Specifically, using data collected from a driving simulator study, we identify which spatial regions (dubbed "sections") along the simulated routes tend to manifest driving behaviors that are predictive of the presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Identifying these sections is important for two main reasons: (1) to improve predictive accuracy of the trained models by filtering out non-predictive time series sub-intervals, and (2) to gain insights into which on-road scenarios (dubbed events) elicit distinctly different driving behaviors from patients undergoing treatment for ADHD versus those that are not. Our experimental results show both improved performance over prior efforts (+10% accuracy) and good alignment between the predictive sections identified and scripted on-road events in the simulator (negotiating turns and curves).
The “Neonate-to-Infant Gap” as a Challenge in Weight-Entry Error Detection

Accurate weights are essential to safe medication doses, especially in infants. In situations where substantial time passes between measurements, normal infants’ weights can change dramatically and appear at first to be erroneous. Algorithms designed to detect weight errors may give false-positive alerts in these cases, thus reducing the effectiveness of this kind of decision support. We noticed a high rate of false positives in our regression-based error detection algorithm due to …
Properties of satellite tobacco mosaic virus phenotypes expressed in the presence and absence of helper virus

In this study, we assembled an Agrobacterium-based transient expression system for the ectopic expression of Satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) (+) or (-) transcripts and their biological activity was confirmed when Nicotiana benthamiana plants were co-expressed with helper Tobacco mosaic virus replicase. Characterization of STMV in the presence and absence of its HV revealed: (i) HV-dependent expression of STMV (+) in N. benthamiana, but not in N. tabacum, generated a replication-deficient but translation and encapsidation competent variant lacking the highly conserved 3' 150 nucleotides (nt) (STMVΔ150); (ii) mutational analysis demonstrated that a conserved 3' stem-loop structure in wild type and STMVΔ150 located between nt 874 and 897 is essential for translation of CP; (iii) helper virus-independent expression of CP from wt STMV was competent for the assembly of empty aberrant virion-like particles; whereas, CP translated from STMVΔ150 resulted in disorganized CP aggregates suggesting a role for the 3'tRNA-like structure in STMV assembly.
National information infrastrucwe (NII) at Supercomputing '93

We anticipate that NI1 will actually encompass many different kinds of institutions and enterprises. The kinds of players may be technology providers (hardware or software), carriers (telcos), service providers (libraries, etc.), regulators, or users. The spectrum of possible NI1 functions includes digital libraries, education, health services, and enterprise integration. The participating institutions comprise federal, state. and local governments, educational systems, GOCO labtories, commercial enterprises, regulated utilities, and individual citizens. The level of NI1 technology will be both high and low. Some aspects of NI1 are actively being implemented today, and other will not commence for several years. The relevant issues span a gamut as broad as any public policy arena: politics, commercial profitability, laws and regulations, national well-being, sociology, and technology. This panel discussion juxtaposes individuals responsible for driving radically different kinds of NII-like activities. The intent is to explore the many aspects of NI1 by contrasting their perspectives.