cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and quantitation of bovine T cell antigen with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to identify and quantitate T cell antigen(s) in bovine thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells. The ELISA, employing non-ionic detergent-solubilized lymphocyte membranes as antigen, and goat anti-bovine thymocyte serum (GABTS) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin (PORAG) as direct and indirect reactants, respectively, showed that thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells separated by erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) rosetting technique had high concentrations of T cell antigen. In contrast, bone marrow cells and EAC-positive peripheral blood B cells had minimal T cell antigen. 92.0 +/- 3.5% of EAC-positive bovine lymphocytes were found to be B cells and 89.5 +/- 5.8% of EAC-negative lymphocytes T cells, as determined by SmIg and anti-T cell immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. In both IF and ELISA, pre-absorption of rabbit anti-goat IgG serum was needed to obviate cross-reactions with bovine B cells. A competitive ELISA developed for quantitating T cell antigens, showed that peripheral blood T cells contained only 46% of the antigen present in thymocytes.
LightVest: a wearable body position monitor using ambient and infrared light

This paper presents a low-cost, low-power, and computationally inexpensive approach for monitoring body positioning and pose using light. The experimental platform, the LightVest, which leverages broadband and infrared light sensor data for lightweight body position monitoring is described. The challenges of using light for on-body monitoring, by analyzing the impact of lighting conditions, backgrounds, and placement on the body are also presented. The approach is experimentally verified by determining the classification accuracy of eight common ballet arm positions, using the LightVest.
A pipelined analog-to-digital converter using incomplete-settling-without-slewing technique

A pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using an incomplete-settling-without-slewing technique is proposed and verified by SPICE simulations. Our analysis shows that operational amplifiers (opamps) in multi-bits stages can avoid slewing and linearly settle for whole period of amplification. If opamp does not experience slewing, the error caused by incomplete settling can be regarded as a constant gain error, which can be compensated by linear digital calibration scheme. This technique not only can reduce the power consumption of the opamp by relieving its bandwidth and gain requirements, but also can decrease the convergence time of digital calibration algorithms by employing a simple linear calibration scheme. The prototype 11-bit 200-MS/s ADC is designed in TSMC's 0.13um 1P8M process. First stage is designed with insufficient bandwidths and followed by a complete-settling stage and a 9-bit ideal ADC. The SPICE simulation results show the power consumption in the first two stages is 29mW and an effective-number-of-bits (ENOB) is improved from 5.73 bits to 10.83 bits by linear digital calibration within 40,000 iterations.
An ultrasonic motion detector, with data on stare, restriction of movement, and startle

The ultrasonic motion detector can measure activity in free-ranging Ss; it may be useful in studies of arousal. This device records counts of activity per unit of time. Sixty Ss were run in three experiments to evaluate the convenience and usefulness of the technique.
Finding and using journal-article components: Impacts of disaggregation on teaching and research practice

This article reports the results of a study into the use of discrete journal-article components, particularly tables and figures extracted from published scientific journal articles, and their application to teaching and research. Sixty participants were introduced to and asked to perform searches in a journal-article component prototype that presents individual tables and figures as the items returned in the search results set. Multiple methods, including questionnaires, observations, and structured diaries, were used to collect data. The results are analyzed in the context of previous studies on the use of scientific journal articles and in terms of research on scientists' use of specific journal-article components to find information, assess its relevance, read, interpret, and disaggregate the information found, and reaggregate components into new forms of information. Results indicate that scientists believe searching for journal-article components has value in terms of (a) higher precision result sets, (b) better match between the granularity of the prototype's index and the granularity of the information sought for particular tasks, and (c) fit between journal-article component searching and the established teaching and research practices of scientists. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of a methanofuran derivative found in cell extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri

Abstract Cell extracts prepared from cells of Methanosarcina barkeri grown on hydrogen and carbon dioxide, acetate, or methanol contain a coenzyme structurally related to methanofuran. This modified coenzyme was highly purified and its structure assigned as 4-[ N -(γ- l -glutamyl-γ- l -glutamyl-γ- l -glutamyl-γ- l -glutamyl)- p -(β-aminoethyl) phenoxymethyl]-2-(aminomethyl)furan. The key structural evidence was obtained by high-resolution fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the hydrolytic fragments of the coenzyme supported the assigned structure. We propose that this coenzyme be called methanofuran-b.
SCALAR VARIATION AND NODAL ACCESSIBILITY IN THE CHINESE RAILROAD NETWORK

The effect of varying the scalar value in a powered connectivity matrix upon the measurement of nodal accessibilities is illustrated by reference to the railroad network in China. The degree of influence is demonstrated by estimating the effect of scalar variation on a model which is designed to predict the relative accessibility of thirty-nine cities within the network.
Stable expression of fluorescently tagged proteins for studies of mitosis in mammalian cells

Stable expression of fluorescently tagged proteins for studies of mitosis in mammalian cells
Wormholes with a past

We discuss Minkowski space interpretations of euclidean solutions which provide semiclassical approximations to quantum processes. In particular, we consider wormhole and euclidean bounce solutions. We argue that the semiclassical description involves an instantaneous discontinuity in the Minkowski signature classical evolution and that the euclidean solutions provide final and initial value data on either side of this discontinuity. In the case of the de Sitter wormhole and bounce solutions, we resolve the problem of having a single maximal surface on the euclidean solution which must provide both past and future data across the Minkowski signature discontinuity.
Coherent Optical Pattern Recognition System For Optical Word Recognition On A Microfilm Data Base

The results are provided of the second phase of a program to determine the feasibility of fabrication of a coherent optical pattern recognition system to locate all pages in a microfilm data base on which a given key word occurs. Results obtained using an optical frequency plane correlator system with weighted matched spatial filter synthesis in a scaling correlator topology have been most promising. By proper matched spatial filter synthesis and system design, correlation degradations due to various expected differences between the input and reference functions in this optical word recognition system have been decreased to acceptable levels.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ecosystem modeling as a method for designing synthetic fluvial landscapes: a case study of the Salt River in Arizona

Abstract This paper focuses on a method for re-establishing the biological components of a river corridor landscape while accepting many parameters established by the needs of an urban population. The method uses ecosystem modeling to provide a framework for reclamation efforts by patterning a synthetic landscape after natural river corridor landscapes with similar climate, geomorphology and disturbance regimes. The objective is to establish a vital ecological system that can accommodate human activity in appropriate amounts and at proper locations. Application of technological and ecological knowledge make this possible. The Salt River corridor case study describes a method in which ecological and multiple-use objectives of an urban population are accommodated.
Blame for traits

Soulevant la question de la relation entre caractere et culpabilite dans le cadre de la philosophie morale, l'A. defend la these selon laquelle une personne peut etre condamnee pour ses traits de caractere. Distinguant les notions de responsabilite et punition, l'A. montre que sa theorie eclaire l'origine emotionnelle de la peur d'etre juge en tant qu'individu mauvais, d'une part, et releve de l'ethique du devoir et de la vertu, d'autre part.
Scale‐Number Differences of Central Stonerollers Incubated and Reared at Different Temperatures

Abstract Breeding and rearing experiments were conducted to determine whether or not temperature differentials during development affected the lateral-line scale number of the central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum. The progeny of four parental crosses were incubated and reared each at three temperatures (13.9 C, 17.7 C, and 24.3 C). Central stonerollers incubated and reared at the lowest temperature had significantly more scales in the lateral-line series than those of the same crosses incubated and reared at the highest temperature (mean = 47.6 and 44.7, respectively). Received May 22, 1982 Accepted March 3, 1983
OPAS: an office procedure automation system

This paper discusses an experimental system being developed to support office automation. The emphasis of the paper is on a technology that allows people to automate their office and business activities. Specifically, using forms as the interface, the authors propose a powerful data manipulation and restructuring facility that not only allows users to extract and manipulate data in the forms, but can be used to interface between new and existing applications as well. Since business and office procedures are not discrete activities, but a structured sequence of activities, a means to define and execute procedures is required. Such means is described in this paper along with its model and an example of its application.
Evaluation of Prognosis for Malignant Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor by Clinical Parameters and Immunohistochemical Staining

The aim of this study was to identify associated prognostic factors influencing the outcome of curative resection of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Diagnostic immunohistochemical staining with CD34, CD117, S-100, desmin, and muscle-specific actin was performed in 46 consecutive patients with previously diagnosed rectal leiomyosarcoma who underwent curative resection from 1979 to 1999. CD44, Bcl-2, P53, and Ki-67 staining were performed on tumors rediagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor for the prognostic evaluation. There were 42 (91.3 percent) patients with rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (18 females and 24 males; mean age, 58.4 years). Twenty-nine patients underwent radical surgical resections, such as abdominoperineal resection or low anterior resection, whereas the other 13 patients underwent wide local excision, such as transrectal excision or Kraske’s operation. Sixteen tumors were classified as high-grade gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and 26 as low-grade. No tumor had a positive P53 stain. Twenty-seven patients (64.3 percent) developed recurrence or metastasis postoperatively (median follow-up, 52 months). The one-year, two-year, and five-year disease-free survival rates were 90.2 percent, 76.7 percent, and 43.9 percent, respectively. Of these patients with recurrence, subsequent resections in 12 patients with local recurrence, transarterial tumor embolism or STI-571 chemotherapies in 3 patients with distant mestastases were performed. The one-year, two-year, and five-year overall survival rates were 97.4 percent, 94.3 percent, and 83.7 percent, respectively. Bcl-2 (P = 0.007) and histologic grade (P = 0.05) in disease-free survival analysis and age 5 cm (P = 0.02) in overall survival analysis were independent prognostic factors. The group with wide local excision had a higher local recurrence rate than that of the radical resection group (77 percent vs. 31 percent, P = 0.006), despite smaller tumors (4.5 vs. 7.2 cm, P = 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of distant metastasis between the two groups. Younger age ( 5 cm) were factors associated with significantly poorer prognoses for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Radical resection was superior to wide local excision in the prevention of local recurrence, but not that of distant metastases.
Inflammation in response to glucose ingestion is independent of excess abdominal adiposity in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Inflammation and excess abdominal adiposity (AA) are often present in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objective: We determined the effects of hyperglycemia on nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activation in mononuclear cells (MNC) of normal-weight women with PCOS with and without excess AA. Design: This was a prospective controlled study. Setting: The study was conducted at an academic medical center. Patients: Fifteen normal-weight, reproductive-age women with PCOS (seven normal AA, eight excess AA) and 16 body composition-matched controls (eight normal AA, eight excess AA) participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT). Activated NFκB and the protein content of p65 and inhibitory-κB were quantified from MNC, and TNFα and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in plasma obtained from blood drawn while fasting and 2 h after glucose ingestio...
A case study of a midtropospheric subsynoptic-scale cyclone that developed over the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf of Antarctica

Satellite imagery, synoptic-scale analyses and automatic weather station data were used to study a subsynoptic-scale cyclone that developed over the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf areas of Antarctica. A pre-existing subsynoptic-scale midtropospheric cyclone descended from southern Victoria Land into the semi-permanent baroclinic environment over the south-western corner of the Ross Sea. The subsynoptic-scale cyclone then developed into a frontal system travelling south-eastward over the Ross Ice Shelf and decayed five days later over Marie Byrd Land. It is concluded that stretching of the subsynoptic-scale low, while descending over 2000 m from the high plateau down to sea level, increased its cyclonic vorticity via conservation of potential vorticity. This, along with a cold katabatic outbreak into the northern part of the circulation, provided the mechanisms for its initial development. Subsequently, cold boundary-layer air over the Ross Ice Shelf spiralled into the subsynoptic-scale cyclone supporting its further development. An upper-level synoptic-scale cyclone that approached the area provided the upper-level support for its ESE displacement and development.
Detection of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid from German Shepherd dogs with degenerative myelopathy by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation

Background: Detection of intrathecal IgG synthesis is important in evaluating inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is currently the most sensitive method to demonstrate intrathecal IgG synthesis and may have diagnostic value for German Shepherd degenerative myelopathy (GSDM). Objective: The objective of this study was to adapt a modified IEF and immunofixation method for the detection of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from dogs with GSDM. Methods: Serum and lumbar CSF samples were collected from 6 German Shepherd dogs clinically diagnosed with GSDM. Samples were also collected from 6 clinically healthy dogs for comparison. The concentration of IgG was measured by quantitative ELISA and the concentration of total protein was measured by the Bradford protein assay. The presence of oligoclonal bands was evaluated by use of modified IEF followed by immunofixation. Results: The concentrations of total protein and IgG, and the IgG/total protein ratio in CSF samples, were not significantly different between GSDM patients and control dogs. Four GSDM patients had oligoclonal bands in their CSF based on IEF–immunofixation. No oligoclonal bands were found in CSF from control dogs. Conclusion: The results suggest that the detection of oligoclonal bands by IEF–immunofixation may have diagnostic value for GSDM, and support the idea that humoral immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of GSDM.
Completions of topological Abelianp-groups

In the study of an Abelian group a useful method is the consideration of its completions with respect to various topologies, e.g. the p-adic topology. Within a certain class of topologies, defined in terms of families of preradicals and including the p-adic topology, it is shown that even in the non-Hausdorff case Completions do exist (although the uniqueness is lost). It is shown that every Abelian p-group of countable length is embeddable as an isotype subgroup of a fully complete Abelian group of the same length. Examples of the non-uniqueness of completions are also given.
The MUSE experiment - Addressing the proton radius puzzle via elastic muon scattering

The proton radius puzzle is the difference between the proton radius as measured with electron scattering and in the excitation spectrum of atomic hydrogen, and that measured with muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. The MUSE experiment seeks to resolve this puzzle by simultaneously measuring elastic electron and muon scattering on the proton, in both charge states, thereby providing new information to the puzzle. MUSE addresses issues of two-photon effects, lepton universality and, possibly, new physics, while providing simultaneous form factor, and therefore radius, measurements with both muons and electrons.
CdSe/ZnS quantum dot intermittency in N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (TPD)

Abstract Fluorescence-intermittency statistics of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are measured for the first time in TPD. Comparison to blinking behavior in PMMA reveals significant differences in the statistics such that longer on and off durations are observed for quantum dots in TPD. Further, in both matrices the on- and off-duration probability density distributions deviate from power law behavior at longer durations. The observed trends are consistent with increased accessibility to charge-stabilizing states in PMMA relative to TPD as well as the presence of an extrinsic hole density in TPD.
Some issues in resolution of diagnostic tests using an imperfect gold standard

As a subject's true disease status is seldom known with certainty, it is necessary to compare the performance of new diagnostic tests with those of a currently accepted but imperfect 'gold standard'. Errors made by the gold standard mean that the sensitivity and specificity calculated for the new test are biased, and do not correctly estimate the new method's sensitivity and specificity. The traditional approach to this problem was 'discrepant resolution', in which the subjects for whom the two methods disagreed were subjected to a third 'resolver' test. Recent work has pointed out that this does not automatically solve the problem. A sounder approach goes beyond the discordant test results and tests at least some of the subjects with concordant results with the resolver also. This leaves some issues unresolved. One is the basic question of the direction of biases in various estimators. We point out that this question does not have a simple universal answer. Another issue, if one is to test a sample of the subjects with concordant results rather than all cases, is how to compute estimates and standard errors of the measures of test performance, notably sensitivity and specificity of the test method relative to the resolver. Expressions for these standard errors are given and illustrated with a numeric example. It is shown that using just a sample of subjects with concordant results may lead to great savings in assays. The design issue of how many concordant cells to test depends on the numbers of concordants and discordants. The formulae given show how to evaluate impact of different choices for these numbers and hence settle on a design that gives the required precision of estimates.
Abstract nonlinear prediction and operator martingales

Abstract In the first part of this paper, nonlinear prediction theory of vector valued random variables in Orlicz spaces is presented. The spaces need not be reflexive and the results of this part are essentially best possible for these spaces. The second part considers operator valued martingales in the strong operator topology and various convergence theorems are proved for them. Again the results are optimal for the Orlicz space situation. These are specialized to the scalar case showing that the well-known martingale convergence theorem can be obtained from the well-known Andersen-Jessen theorem. A few applications are also given. The same ideas and methods of computation unify the otherwise almost independent parts.
Factors Influencing Species Composition in Canopy Gaps: The Importance of Edge Proximity in Hueston Woods, Ohio

In this research, we attempt to quantify the factors structuring woody species composition within forest gaps in the interior of Hueston Woods Nature Preserve, Ohio. Our results indicate that composition is related not only to factors commonly cited in other studies, including disturbance history, topographic position, and environmental factors (e.g., gap age, soil pH, slope, and aspect), but also to the proximity of forest edge communities. Partitioning of species variation to environmental factors, spatial factors, and spatially structured environmental factors reinforces the importance of both environment and edge proximity in explaining gap composition. These findings underscore the need for a more complete understanding of the potential impacts of edge effects in fragmented landscapes.
Interpretation of the “obesity paradox”: A 30-year study in patients with cardiovascular disease ☆

Abstract Background Several epidemiological reports indicate that the body mass index (BMI) is inversely related with mortality, in spite of the notion that obesity is a recognized cardio-metabolic risk factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the independent impact of overweight and obesity on long-term mortality in a large cohort of patients with heart disease (HD). Methods The study included 10,446 patients hospitalized in the last three decades for ischemic (60%) or non-ischemic HD and followed-up for 10years. The relationship between BMI and total or cardiovascular mortality was analyzed in the whole cohort, and in age-stratified categories (≤65 and >65years). Considering that survival in HD patients has improved after the introduction of revascularization, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins, the relationship was re-examined separately in patients hospitalized before and after 1990. Results Diabetes, hyperuricemia, hypertension, glycaemia, and triglyceridemia increased across BMI groups. During follow-up (73±59months) there were 1707 all-cause deaths (47% cardiac). Any relationship between BMI and mortality was lost in the ≤65 age category and in patients hospitalized before 1990, but it persisted in old patients hospitalized after 1990. Most significant independent predictors of mortality in all groups were hyperuricemia, diabetes and impaired ejection fraction. Conclusions No independent relationship was found between BMI and mortality in subjects ≤65years of age. This neutral relationship seems to be partly counteracted by treatment, particularly in old patients. A different effect of obesity onset in old vs. young age cannot be ruled out.
He-Ne and cw CO2 laser long-path systems for gas detection.

This paper describes the design and testing of a laboratory prototype dual He-Ne laser system for the detection of methane leaks from underground pipelines and solid-waste landfill sites using differential absorption of radiation backscattered from topographic targets. A laboratory-prototype dual CW carbon dioxide laser system also using topographic backscatter is discussed, and measurement results for methanol are given. With both systems, it was observed that the time-varying differential absorption signal was useful in indicating the presence of a gas coming from a nearby source. Limitations to measurement sensitivity, especially the role of speckle and atmospheric turbulence, are described. The speckle results for hard targets are contrasted with those from atmospheric aerosols. The appendix gives appropriate laser lines and values of absorption coefficients for the hydrazine fuel gases.
Menstrual cycle phase and mood effects on perceptual asymmetry

Several studies have reported shifts in perceptual asymmetry during the menstrual cycle, but the potential confounding effect of mood changes has been largely ignored. In this study, 24 female subjects completed four visual laterality tasks and a mood questionnaire at three phases of the cycle. Results indicate no overall effect of cycle phase on any of the asymmetry or mood scores. However, results revealed significant associations between affect and perceptual asymmetry on a face perception task. Implications for mood effects on perceptual asymmetry and future research on cycle-related shifts in asymmetry are discussed.
Determination of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking pharmaceuticals in united states wastewater effluent

Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-Blockers) are frequently prescribed medications in the United States and have been identified in European municipal wastewater effluent, however no studies to date have investigated these compounds in United States wastewater effluent. Municipal wastewater effluent was collected from treatment facilities in Mississippi, Texas, and New York to investigate the occurrence of metoprolol, nadolol, and propranolol. Propranolol was identified in all wastewater samples analyzed (n=34) at concentrations ⩽1.9 μg/l. Metoprolol and nadolol were identified in ⩾71% of the samples with concentrations of metoprolol ⩽1.2 μg/l and nadolol ⩽0.36 μg/l. Time course studies at both Mississippi plants and the Texas plant indicate that concentrations of propranolol, metoprolol, and nadolol remain relatively constant at each sampling period. This study indicates that β-Blockers are present in United States wastewater effluent in the ng/l to μg/l range.
Semiquantal theory of heavy-particle excitation, deexcitation, and ionization by neutral atoms. I - Slow and intermediate energy collisions

Abstract A theory is presented for the rates of excitation, deexcitation, and ionization arising from the impact of two heavy particles at thermal energies. The rates for the forward and backward transitions are shown to satisfy the principle of detailed balance. Calculations are performed for the n → n + 1, n + 2, and n + 3 transitions of atomic hydrogen, initially in quantum level n (10–150), induced by collision with hydrogen and helium atoms. Ionization rates from these levels are also given. The excitation rates are compared with those calculated from the approximate theory of Bates and Khare.
Cyclic Annealing During Metalorganic Vapor-Phase Epitaxial Growth of (211)B CdTe on (211) Si Substrates

High-quality (211)B CdTe buffer layers on Si substrates are required to enable Hg1–xCdxTe growth and device fabrication on lattice-mismatched Si substrates. Metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of (211)B CdTe on Si substrates using Ge and ZnTe interlayers has been achieved. Cyclic annealing has been used during growth of thick CdTe layers in order to improve crystal quality. The best (211)B CdTe/Si films grown in this study display a low x-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking-curve full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 85 arcsec and etch pit density (EPD) of 2 × 106 cm−2. These values are the best reported for MOVPE-grown (211) CdTe/Si and are comparable to those for state-of-the-art molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown CdTe/Si.
THE EFFECT OF FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS ON THE U.S. AUTOMOTIVE MARKET: AN HEDONIC DEMAND ANALYSIS

Abstract Both federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations and market forces resulting from sharply higher gasoline prices are forcing auto manufacturers to dramatically improve the fuel economy of cars built for sale in the United States. Because these fuel economy improvements are being accompanied by significant changes in other car attributes that are believed to be important determinants of consumer choice among car models, there is currently considerable uncertainty about the likely effects on the automotive market. This paper analyzes market demand for automobile attributes, including those that are likely to be affected by fuel economy improvements, and presents estimates of dollar market valuations of key attributes. Market share effects of various assumed changes in car prices are analyzed in order to gain insight into competition among car models and the sensitivity of new car fleet average fuel economy to possible manufacturer or size-class-specific pricing strategies. Effects of gasoline price changes are also analyzed. These analyses make use of the hedonic demand model (also known as the “random coefficients logit model”), an extension of the multinomial logit probability choice model which explicitly incorporates variations in consumer tastes across the car-buying population. A data base measuring attributes and observed market shares of some 150 car models and submodels for the 1977 and 1978 model years is used.
Domain Structure Produced by Confined Displacive Transformation and Its Response to the Applied Field

A strain response to the applied stress of domain structure formed by a displacive transformation confined within the previously formed precipitates of the precursor phase is investigated by using three-dimensional (3-D) phase field microelasticity modeling. It is shown that the initial domain structure within particles is rearranged upon application of the stress field and is restored upon removal of the stress. As a result, the macroscopic strain caused by the domain rearrangement is recoverable. The modeling also shows that the change of the domain structure and the resultant macroscopic strain strongly depend on the magnitude and direction of the applied stress. It is found that the effect of geometrical confinement within precipitates on the stress-accommodating domain structure is the origin of the restoring driving force to the initial domain configuration. A possible relevance of this confinement mechanism to the strain reversibility in some materials systems is discussed.
The Supporting a Teen's Effective Entry to the Roadway (STEER) Program: Feasibility and Preliminary Support for a Psychosocial Intervention for Teenage Drivers With ADHD

Abstract Teenage drivers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at considerable risk for negative driving outcomes, including traffic citations, accidents, and injuries. Presently, no efficacious psychosocial interventions exist for teenage drivers with ADHD. The Supporting a Teen's Effective Entry to the Roadway (STEER) program is a multicomponent intervention that was developed to help families with a teenager with ADHD negotiate the transition independent driving. The present report includes outcomes from 7 teens with ADHD who enrolled in the 8-week program. Using a multiple baseline design across participants, teens had driving behavior continuously monitored using on-board monitors that measured driving behaviors (i.e., hard breaking, speed), and the parents and teens reported on driving-related impairment each week. Results indicated promising effects across participants, though there were individual differences in treatment response within and across participants and measures. The STEER program was viewed as acceptable to participants as all families completed the STEER program and reported it to be a palatable intervention.
Pellet injection in TFTR

Maximizing the neutron production rate while minimizing neutron activation and tritium recycling is particularly important during early tritium operations in TFTR and other advanced tokamaks. Injecting a large tritium pellet just before compression of a low‐density deuterium plasma could give a modest increase in the postcompression rate of neutron production in TFTR. The shorter duration of the neutron burst would result in reduced neutron activation of the vacuum vessel. Multiple injection of tritium pellets in a high current plasma could substantially reduce tritium recycling at the limiter. Although significant improvements can result from fueling with pellets during early tritium operations, considerable advance planning is required to ensure that a suitable injector is available at the start of tritium operations.
Modeling Texture, Twinning and Hardening Evolution during Deformation of Hexagonal Materials

Hexagonal materials deform plastically by activating diverse slip and twinning modes. The activation of such modes depends on their relative critical stresses, function of temperature and strain rate, and the orientation of the crystals with respect to the loading direction. For a constitutive description of these materials to be reliable, it has to account for texture evolution associated with twin reorientation, and for the effect of the twin barriers on dislocation propagation and on the stress-strain response. In this work we introduce a model for twinning which accounts explicitly for the composite character of the grain, formed by a matrix with embedded twin lamellae which evolve with deformation. Texture evolution takes place through reorientation due to slip and twinning. The role of the twins as barriers to dislocations is explicitly incorporated into the hardening description via a directional Hall-Petch mechanism. We apply this model to the interpretation of compression experiments both, monotonic and changing the loading direction, done in rolled Zr at 76K.
Bloody Dawn: The Christiana Riot and Racial Violence in the Antebellum North

When four young men, slaves on Edward Gorsuch's Maryland farm, escaped to rural Pennsylvania in 1849, the owner swore he'd bring them back. Two years later, Gorsuch lay dead outside the farmhouse in Christiana where he'd tracked them down, as his federal posse retreated pell-mell before the armed might of local blacks--and the impact of the most notorious act of resistance against the federal Fugitive Slave Law was about to be felt across a divided nation. Bloody Dawn vividly tells this dramatic story of escape, manhunt, riot, and the ensuing trial, detailing its importance in heightening the tensions that led to the Civil War. Thomas Slaughter's engaging narrative captures the full complexity of events and personalities: The four men fled after they were detected stealing grain for resale off the farm; Gorsuch, far from a brutal taskmaster, had pledged to release all his slaves when they reached the age of twenty-eight, but he relentlessly pursued the escapees out of a sense of wounded honor; and the African-American community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania that provided them refuge was already effectively organized for self-defense by a commanding former slave named William Parker. Slaughter paints a rich portrait of the ongoing struggles between local blacks and white kidnapping gangs, the climactic riot as neighbors responded to trumpet calls from the besieged runaway slaves, the escape to Canada of the central figures (aided by Frederick Douglass), and the government's urgent response (including the largest mass indictment for treason in our history)--leading to the trial for his life of a local white bystander accused of leading the rioting blacks. Slaughter not only draws out the great importance given to the riot in both the North and the South, but he uses legal records reaching back over half a century to uncover the thoughts of average people on race, slavery, and violence. The Whiskey Rebellion, Slaughter's previous work of history, received widespread acclaim as "a vivid account" (The New York Times) and "an unusual combination of meticulous scholarship and engaging narrative" (The Philadelphia Inquirer). It was a selection of the History Book Club, and won both the National Historical Society Book Prize and the American Revolution Round Table Award. In Bloody Dawn, he once again weaves together the incisive insights of a professional historian with a gripping account of a dramatic moment in American history.
The Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Studies: Synopsis.

The psychotherapy studies completed at Vanderbilt University had their antecedents in research begun by Strupp in the 1950s. Initially focused on the empirical study of therapeutic techniques, the work soon drew attention to therapists' attitudes toward the patient and the manner in which these attitudes were intertwined with therapists' clinical judgments and their communications to the patient. Negative complementarity, in particular, emerged as fateful for progress and outcome, and it became the leitmotif of that work. Vanderbilt I focused on the relative contribution of specific and nonspecific factors in therapy, whereas Vanderbilt II sought to study the effects of training in time-limited dynamic psychotherapy on process and outcome.
catena-Poly[[diaquamanganese(II)]-di-μ-1,1,3,3-tetracyano-2-ethoxypropenido-κ4N1:N3]

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Mn(C 9 H 5 N 4 O) 2 -(H 2 O) 2 ], conventionally denoted Mn(EtO-TCA) 2 (H 2 O) 2 , where EtO-TCA is 2-ethoxy-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide, is described. The EtO-TCA anions bridge Mn II centers through one of the nitrile N atoms of each of their two dicyano-methanide groups, thus forming dibridged chains along ab. These chains are linked into two-dimensional sheets through hydrogen bonding. The seven-atom bridge, which results in a long Mn.. Mn intrachain interaction [9.0044 (4) A], as well as the large interchain separations [8.3288 (4) and 8.5220 (4) A] prohibit long-range magnetic ordering down to temperatures as low as 1.55 K.
DEFECTIVE RETINOIC ACID REGULATION OF THE PIT-1 GENE ENHANCER: A NOVEL MECHANISM OF COMBINED PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCY. • 503

DEFECTIVE RETINOIC ACID REGULATION OF THE PIT-1 GENE ENHANCER: A NOVEL MECHANISM OF COMBINED PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCY. • 503
Characterization of Filamentous Foaming in Activated Sludge Systems using Oligonucleotide Hybridization Probes and Antibody Probes

A quantitative method was developed for estimating Gordona mass in activated sludge foam and mixed liquor samples. The technique involves in situ hybridization with a genus-specific fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe calibrated on pure cultures of Gordona . The immunofluorescent technique of Hernandez et al. was modified to allow staining with fluorescently labeled antibody and hybridization probes. The results of this technique were compared to those from membrane hybridization studies using radioactively-labeled oligonucleotide probes. Quantitative membrane hybridizations, in situ hybridizations, and antibody staining resulted in significantly different levels of Gordona in activated sludge foam, activated sludge mixed liquor, return activated sludge, and anaerobic digester sludge. Simultaneous staining with labeled antibodies and oligonucleotide probes provide a definitive identification for Gordona , and represents a new approach for in situ studies of this organism9s role in foaming.
Amyloidosis: A Universal Disease of Aging?

N a previous essay (2), I noted that the major criteria commonly used to distinguish biological aging from the aging-related diseases are intrinsicality and universality, the first stipulating that the phenomenon be generated independent of extrinsic influences, and the second that it occur in all aged members of the species. It was also noted that the traditional medical model, based on the extrinsic causes of disease, is not sufficient for an understanding of the genesis of diseases with age at onset in the senescent period of the life span, when disorders such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease are at their peak prevalence rates. The reason for the exclusion of this age group from the traditional medical model is that risk factors and germ-line genetic risks progressively decline with advancing age, and that the oldest-old represent an elite population that has escaped these risks. It is posited here that the foregoing phenomenon described by Kolata is an aberrant post-translational event consistent with biological aging, but that also gives rise to an intrinsically generated disease—amyloidosis.
Sequential pattern mining of multimodal data streams in dyadic interactions

In this paper we propose a sequential pattern mining method to analyze multimodal data streams using a quantitative temporal approach. While the existing algorithms can only find sequential orders of temporal events, this paper presents a new temporal data mining method focusing on extracting exact timings and durations of sequential patterns extracted from multiple temporal event streams. We present our method with its application to the detection and extraction of human sequential behavioral patterns over multiple multimodal data streams in human-robot interactions. Experimental results confirmed the feasibility and quality of our proposed pattern mining algorithm, and suggested a quantitative data-driven way to ground social interactions in a manner that has never been achieved before.
Réunion Island applies for World Heritage status

Reunion Island, where earlier this year the tropical cyclone Gamede struck and the volcano Piton de la Fournaise most recently erupted, is applying to be included on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's World Heritage List. Organizers are looking for supporters of their effort to help explain how the island is an example of ongoing geological processes in the development of landforms and significant geomorphic or physiographic features, and to highlight the intense constructive and destructive forces—volcanism and erosion—at work. Interested individuals should contact Guillaume Levieux, Universite de La Reunion, at guillaume.levieux@univ-reunion.fr
Adiponectin is present in human milk and is associated with maternal factors

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that human milk has a role in the gastrointestinal, neural, and immune development of neonates. If present in milk, adiponectin would be a promising candidate for influencing infant development, given its metabolic functions. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine whether adiponectin is present in human milk and to characterize maternal factors associated with potential variation in milk adiponectin concentrations. DESIGN We quantified adiponectin concentrations in human milk samples from donors to the Cincinnati Children's Research Human Milk Bank and randomly selected participants in a cohort study in Mexico City funded by the National Institutes of Health. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data, we examined milk adiponectin concentrations in relation to lactation duration, maternal body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), and ethnicity. RESULTS Adiponectin was detected in human skim milk (range: 4.2-87.9 ng/mL). In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, duration of lactation was negatively associated with milk adiponectin concentrations (beta = -0.059 +/- 0.024 and -0.059 +/- 0.007, respectively; P < 0.02 for both). Maternal postpregnancy BMI was positively associated with milk adiponectin concentrations (beta = 0.08 +/- 0.02, P < 0.0001; longitudinal analysis). Mexican mothers had lower median milk adiponectin concentrations at 1 mo than did the non-Hispanic white subjects from Cincinnati (11.5 and 19.8 ng/mL; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin is present in human milk and its concentrations are associated with duration of lactation, maternal adiposity, and ethnicity. Given the importance of adiponectin in inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid metabolism, future studies should examine milk adiponectin's role in infant metabolic development.
TAO: regular expression-based register-transfer level testability analysis and optimization

In this paper, we present testability analysis and optimization (TAO), a novel methodology for register-transfer level (RTL) testability analysis and optimization of RTL controller/data path circuits. Unlike existing high-level testing techniques that cater restrictively to certain classes of circuits or design styles, TAO exploits the algebra of regular expressions to provide a unified framework for handling a wide variety of circuits including application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific programmable processors (ASPPs), application-specific instruction processors (ASIPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and microprocessors. We also augment TAO with a design-for-test (DFT) framework that can provide a low-cost testability solution by examining the tradeoffs in choosing from a diverse array of testability modifications like partial scan or test multiplexer insertion in different parts of the circuit. Test generation is symbolic and, hence, independent of bit width. Experimental results on benchmark circuits show that TAO is very efficient, in addition to being comprehensive. The fault coverage obtained is above 99% in all cases. The average area and delay overheads for incorporating testability into the benchmarks are only 3.2% and 1.0%, respectively. The test generation time is two-to-four orders of magnitude smaller than that associated with gate-level sequential test generators, while the test application times are comparable.
Electrostatic septa design and performance for injection and extraction to and from the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring (SHR)

The MIT-Bates South Hall Ring (SHR) is an election storage ring undergoing commissioning. Electrostatic septa are used to inject electrons into and resonantly extract electrons from the ring. This report describes the engineering design and performance achieved for 2 electrostatic septa constructed with 270, 50 micron thick, 5 mm wide molybdenum foils stretched over a long precision machined, C-shaped carrier. The septa gaps are 2 cm and are designed to operate at 50 kV/cm over their 1.5 m effective lengths to produce a 7.5 mr horizontal bend for 1.0 GeV electrons. >