cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Too Bad I’m Not an Obvious Citizen”: The effects of racialized US immigration enforcement practices on second-generation Mexican youth

Over the last two decades, border residents have come under increased surveillance during stepped-up policing of the US-Mexico border. Second-generation Mexican youth - the US born children of immigrants - should be insulated from mistreatment by immigration officials. However, racialized immigration enforcement practices target these teenagers who are coming of age in this borderland milieu. Drawing from extensive fieldwork conducted with 54 teenagers in San Diego, this article describes how immigration enforcement practices reinforce a racialized form of belonging that has negative effects on youth, but also highlights how these youth deploy strategies of resistance to contest them. Latino Studies (2013) 11, 462-482. doi:10.1057/lst.2013.28
Regional Lake Trophic Patterns in the Northeastern United States: Three Approaches

= 11,076). Results were compared to a large, nonrandomly sampled data set for the same area compiled by Rohm and others and contrasted with lake trophic state information published in the National Water Quality Inventory: 1994 Report to Congress [305(b) report. Lakes across the entire Northeast were identified by EMAP data as 37.9% (±8.4%) oligotrophic, 40.1% (±9.7%) mesotrophic, 12.6% (±7.9%) eutrophic, and 9.3% (±6.3%) hypereutrophic. Lakes in the ADI and NEU generally are at a low, nearly identical trophic state (96% oligotrophic/mesotrophic), while those in the CLP are much richer (45% eutrophic). EMAP results are similar to results of the Rohm data set across the entire region. In the CLP, however, EMAP identified approximately 45% of the lakes as eutrophic/hypereutrophic, while the Rohm data set identified only 21% in these categories. Across the entire Northeast, the 305(b) report identified a much higher proportion (32.2%) of lakes in eutrophic condition and a much smaller proportion (19.8%) in oligotrophic condition than did the EMAP survey data (12.5% ± 7.9% and 37.9% ± 8.5%, respectively). Probability sampling has several advantages over nonrandom sampling when regional resource condition assessment is the goal.
Embryonic and Postparturienic Reproductive-System Development in Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera (Homoptera): Aphididae)

The female reproductive system of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) consists of 2 ovaries (each composed of 5 telotrophic ovarioles), lateral oviducts, median oviduct, and genital chamber. The ovaries and lateral oviducts are derived from 3 mesodermal tissues: anterior ovarian strands, primary epithelial sheaths, and posterior ovarian strands. The genital chamber arises as a ventral invagination between the 7th and 8th abdominal segments during early postparturition. The median oviduct arises from ectodermal ampullae within the 7th abdominal segment. The genital chamber joins with the central mass of the median oviduct, and these eventually develop confluent lumina. Reproductive system development begins in embryos within postparturienic nymphs, and all organ development is complete by 50 hours postparturition.
Analysis on the Clinical Consequence of Japanese encephalitis in Guizhou Province,2011

Objective To understand the clinical consequence of Japanese encephalitis(JE) in Guizhou Province. Methods The descriptive epidemiology was applied in this study. The subjects were JE cases reported by China information system for disease control and prevention in 2011 of Guizhou Province, including laboratory-supported diagnosed cases and clinical diagnosed cases. We followed up these cases after 6 months onset through going to their home or giving them a call and use a unified table. Results The followed-up rate was 83.6%. The fatality rate of investigation was 13.1%, which was higher than the reported fatality rate. The incidence rate of sequelae for survivals was 24.5%. Among sequelae cases, the most were the language barrier and impediments of remembrance or intellect, of which the incidence rate were 69.2% and 64.1% respectively. There were Epilepsy, optic atrophy and lunacy and so on in all of the sequelae cases. The incidence rate of these symptoms were lower relatively and ranged from 2.6% to 7.7%. Conclusions The fatality rate and the incidence rate of sequelae for survivals were so high, and therefore we should strengthen the effective protection. The fatality rate of investigation was higher than it reported by the system. The surveillance for the clinical consequence of JE cases should be enhanced.
Enhanced resilience and esthetics in a Class IV restoration.

The purpose of this article is to give the reader a better understanding of the complex restorative challenge in achieving true harmonization of the primary parameters in esthetics (i.e., color, shape, and texture) represented by the replacement of a single anterior tooth. The case presented demonstrates the restoration of a Class IV fracture taking esthetic consideration of the anatomic variations of the adjacent teeth to produce a direct composite resin in harmony with the surrounding dentition. The basic procedure includes tooth preparation, development of the body layer, internal characterization with tints, development of the artificial enamel layers, shaping and contouring, and polishing. In understanding the total morphology of a tooth and using natural teeth as the basis for morphological thinking, the clinician possesses the knowledge to create restorations with a more natural appearance. Use of a recently developed optimized-particle composite and this morphological thinking allowed the author to achieve a restoration in harmony with the surrounding dentition. Continuing technological breakthroughs allow the clinician to implement and maximize new products to attain more predictable and esthetic results as demonstrated by this methodological protocol of incremental application of composite resins and modifiers to transform the Class IV fracture into a final restoration that mimics nature.
Review: Kenzō Tange: Architecture for the World by Seng Kuan and Yukio Lippit, eds.

Seng Kuan and Yukio Lippit, eds. Kenzō Tange: Architecture for the World Baden: Lars Muller, 2012, 192 pp., 54 color and 132 b/w illus. $60, ISBN 9783037783108 Most architectural histories of the twentieth century recognize Kenzō Tange (1913–2005) as a key figure bridging Japan and the rest of the world in the years following World War II. Yet Tange remains significant worldwide today because of the inventive ways he harnessed the tension between local tradition and modern-day technology. This elegantly concise monograph offers a fresh glimpse of the complexities of the Japanese milieu in which he practiced, showing how beyond the concrete megastructures invariably associated with his name in the 1960s, Tange’s oeuvre encompassed regional planning, urban design, buildings of various sizes, stage sets, furniture, and photography. Exposing these multiple facets of his creativity, the volume focuses on the first two decades of his independent practice (1942–64), alternating insightful scholarship with high-resolution reproductions of pencil and ink drawings and photos from the Tange Archive at Harvard Graduate School of Design. Through discussion of the contexts of Tange’s work, eight essays reveal some of the forces at play in the Tokyo arena where architecture—as a professional discipline—was still in formation until Japan became a sovereign democracy in 1952. In the postwar years, the country’s reconstruction and corresponding debates (such as the dentō ronsō , or tradition debate) were marked by a search for identity in terms of both plastic expression …
Some Characteristics of Biological Organisms

Since man and the organisms he consumes are all biological in nature, let us examine some of the simple but basic characteristics of living things. The technologies of agriculture which provide food and the technologies of processing, preservation, and distribution which bring these foods to us depend on these same basic characteristics. Brief reflection on all the different plants, animals, and microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, and fungi) which are the source of our daily food may be almost overwhelming when we consider the detailed biological complexities of each. (Each group of organisms forms a major branch of the biological sciences.) Also, comprehension of the logistics of getting this varied array of organisms to us each day in usable form may actually inspire a sense of awe. Nevertheless, there are some common denominators almost anyone can understand. Through this volume, these principles may be perceived when we get glimpses of some of the problems involved in the development of ancient civilizations and the modern-day problems of providing food for the world’s starving millions or of providing convenience foods in the supermarket. The reader is urged to try to do just that, for, in doing so, one will also gain a profound measure of understanding of the nature of food itself and how food can be most effectively and efficiently used by all.
Epigenetic Changes and Potential Targets in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies. In addition to genetic alterations a wide variety of epigenetic aberrations have been identified in pancreatic neoplasms, some of them are thought to play an important role in neoplastic development and maintenance. Latest technologies are helping to better characterize cancer epigenomes. Efforts are underway to identify epigenetic alterations that would make optimal diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Recent comprehensive pancreatic cancer genome project found that pancreatic adenocarcinomas harbored 63 intragenic mutations or amplifications/homozygous deletions and these alterations clustered in 12 signaling pathways. In this chapter, we have discussed recent development in pancreatic cancer epigenetics and potential targets for future research and treatment.
A Novel Mutual-Information-Guided Sparse Feature Selection Approach for Epilepsy Diagnosis Using Interictal EEG Signals

Diagnosing people with possible epilepsy has major implications for their health, occupation, driving and social interactions. The current epilepsy diagnosis procedure is often subject to errors with considerable interobserver variations by manually observing long-term lengthy EEG recordings that require the presence of seizure (ictal) activities. It is costly and often difficult to obtain long-term EEG data with seizure activities that imped epilepsy diagnosis for many people, in particular in areas that lack of medical resources and well-trained neurologists. There is a desperate need for a new diagnostic tool that is capable of providing quick and accurate epilepsy-screening using short-term interictal EEG signals. However, it is challenging to analyze interictal EEG recordings when patients behaviors same as normal subjects. This research is dedicated to develop new automatic data-driven pattern recognition system for interictal EEG signals and design a quick screening process to help neurologists diagnose patients with epilepsy. In particular, we propose a novel information-theory-guided spare feature selection framework to select the most important EEG features to discriminate epileptic or non-epileptic EEG patterns accurately. The proposed approach were tested on an EEG dataset with 11 patients and 11 normal subjects, achieved an impressive diagnostic accuracy of 90 % based on visually-evoked potentials in a human-computer task. This preliminary study indicates that it is promising to provide fast, reliable, and affordable epilepsy diagnostic solutions using short-term interictal EEG signals.
Zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas9 RNA successfully modifies the target gene without delaying blastocyst development or altering the sex ratio in pigs.

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool has increased the efficiency of creating genetically modified pigs for use as biomedical or agricultural models. The objectives were to determine if DNA editing resulted in a delay in development to the blastocyst stage or in a skewing of the sex ratio. Six DNA templates (gBlocks) that were designed to express guide RNAs that target the transmembrane protease, serine S1, member 2 (TMPRSS2) gene were in vitro transcribed. Pairs of CRISPR guide RNAs that flanked the start codon and polyadenylated Cas9 were co-injected into the cytoplasm of zygotes and cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were collected as they formed on days 5, 6 or 7. PCR was performed to determine genotype and sex of each embryo. Separately, embryos were surgically transferred into recipient gilts on day 4 of estrus. The rate of blastocyst development was not significantly different between CRISPR injection embryos or the non-injected controls at day 5, 6 or 7 (p = 0.36, 0.09, 0.63, respectively). Injection of three CRISPR sets of guides resulted in a detectable INDEL in 92–100 % of the embryos analyzed. There was not a difference in the number of edits or sex ratio of male to female embryos when compared between days 5, 6 and 7 to the controls (p > 0.22, >0.85). There were 12 resulting piglets and all 12 had biallelic edits of TMRPSS2. Zygote injection with CRISPR/Cas9 continues to be a highly efficient tool to genetically modify pig embryos.
Myelofibrosis: an update on drug therapy in 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is the least common but the most aggressive of the classic Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Survival is much shorter in PMF than in polycythemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET). Post-PV/ET myelofibrosis (MF) is clinically indistinguishable from PMF and approached similarly.Areas covered: Current pharmacologic therapy of MF revolves around the Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitor ruxolitinib, which dramatically improves constitutional symptoms and splenomegaly in the majority of patients, and improves overall survival (OS). However, allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only potential cure. Other JAK inhibitors continue to be developed for MF, and momelotinib and pacritinib are in phase III clinical trials. Anemia is common in MF, and initially worsened by ruxolitinib. Momelotinib and pacritinib may prove advantageous in this regard. Current strategies for managing anemia of MF include danazol, immunomodul...
Mapping Novel Metabolic Nodes Targeted by Anti-Cancer Drugs that Impair Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Pathogenicity

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 receptor-negative subtypes of breast cancers that show the worst prognoses and lack targeted therapies. Here, we have coupled the screening of ∼400 anticancer agents that are under development or in the clinic with chemoproteomic and metabolomic profiling to identify novel metabolic mechanisms for agents that impair TNBC pathogenicity. We identify 20 anticancer compounds that significantly impaired cell survival across multiple types of TNBC cells. Among these 20 leads, the phytoestrogenic natural product licochalcone A was of interest, since TNBCs are unresponsive to estrogenic therapies, indicating that licochalcone A was likely acting through another target. Using chemoproteomic profiling approaches, we reveal that licochalcone A impairs TNBC pathogenicity, not through modulating estrogen receptor activity but rather through inhibiting prostaglandin reductase 1, a metabolic enzyme involved in leukotriene B4 in...
Gallbladder Cancer with Common Bile Duct Invasion

The gallbladder is the most common site of biliary tract malignancy and the fifth most common gastrointestinal malignancy. At the time of diagnosis, over one-third of gallbladder cancer patients will have extrahepatic biliary involvement. Complete resection provides the only chance for long-term survival and cure. However, involvement of the common bile duct, with or without jaundice, is an important marker of advanced disease and portends poor survival in most patients with this presentation. Survival is particularly poor in patients who present with obstructive jaundice. Herein, utilizing a case of locally advanced gallbladder adenocarcinoma, we discuss the workup, management, survival outcomes, and controversies in patients with gallbladder cancer and bile duct invasion.
A study of hydrocyclone classification of coal fines by CFD modeling and laboratory tests

The elimination of ultrafine (<10 µm) clay particles is essential to the treatment of abandoned coal-washing plant tailings for the recovery of the remaining coal fraction by enhanced gravity processing. Effective hydrocyclone classification is required to remove this fraction. The highly variable composition and particle size distribution of such wastes creates significant difficulties in the operation of hydrocyclones for such classifications. Hydrocyclone laboratory investigations and their plant setup require lengthy or time-consuming tests. The use of empirical models of such classifications frequently requires modification to correspond to actual operating conditions. Results of the evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to predict hydrocyclone classification of coal-washing plant tailings are presented. Results of the standard k-epsilon turbulence, SSG turbulence and large eddy simulation CFD models are compared with the results obtained from analyzed hydrocyclone classifications. The CFD models tested are shown to be very effective in the simulation of hydrocyclone classifications for the determination of the classification particle size and adequate for determining the efficiency index values for many applications. The large eddy simulation model was identified as the most precise, but it is recommended that all three models be improved simulations of classifications above and below the classification particle size.
A dynamic search space approach to improving learning on a simulated Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle

Those employing Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) are constantly challenged to engineer candidate solution representations that balance expressive power (I.E. can a wide variety of potentially useful solutions be represented?) and meta-heuristic search support (I.E. does the representation support fast acquisition and subsequent fine-tuning of adequate solution candidates). In previous work with a simulated insect-like Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FW-MAV), an evolutionary algorithm was employed to blend descriptions of wing flapping patterns to restore correct flight behavior after physical damage to one or both of the wings. Some preliminary work had been done to reduce the overall size of the search space as a means of improving time required to acquire a solution. This of course would likely sacrifice breadth of solutions types and potential expressive power of the representation. In this work, we focus on methods to improve performance by augmenting EA search to dynamically restrict and open access to the whole space to improve solution acquisition time without sacrificing expressive power of the representation. This paper will describe some potential restriction/access control methods and provide preliminary experimental results on the efficacy of these methods in the context of adapting FW-MAV wing gaits.
Statistics of Wave inside Random Media with Lévy Disorder

We explored the anomalous localization of waves inside random media with Levy disorder. The average of intensity and its logarithm exhibit a power law fall-off, which implies that the LDOS falls within the medium.
Una noche de novela: el 23 de febrero de 1981

In this article, I analyze the literary representation of the failed coup d’etat occurred on February 23 (23-F), 1981, paying attention to the evolution in the Spanish novels written within the last thirty years. First, I examine a novel by Eduardo Mendicutti, Una mala noche la tiene cualquiera, written in 1982. Since this is the closest work to the event, it still deals with the fear associated with the return of the dictatorship. On the one hand, the novel focuses on the suffering of marginalized groups within society during that night, most notably homosexuals and transsexuals, like the main character of the novel, La Madelon. On the other hand, Mendicutti also explores the role of the King of Spain, Juan Carlos I, and his contribution to the failure of the coup d’etat. The second novel analyzed in this paper, Andres Trapiello’s Los amigos del crimen perfecto (2003) was published twenty years later, when Spanish society was requesting to revise the crimes committed during the Franco’s dictatorship. In opposition to Mendicutti’s novel, Trapiello reflects the changes happened in Spanish society during this time. In Mendicutti’s novel older generations who lived during the dictatorship accepted the amnesty of the crimes committed during the dictatorship as the conditions for the coming of the democracy. Meanwhile, Trapiello’s novel represents a younger generation who are not afraid of the return of dictatorship and want to know the truth about the nation’s past. Finally, I will analyze how Javier Cercas’ Anatomia de un instante (2009), unlike Mendicutti and Trapiello, finally dares to question the role of the King of Spain in the coup d’etat, a topic that constituted a taboo until then.
Smart phone application development for monitoring epilepsy seizure detection based on EEG signal classification

Automated epilepsy seizure detection is the solution to the limitation and time consuming of manual epilepsy monitoring and detection using EEG signals. In this paper we developed a technique for epilepsy seizure detection using EEG signals. The signal will be pre-processed and filtered using multiple filters. Then, the filtered signal will be decomposed into sub-bands. Furthermore, feature extraction is applied; we developed a combined feature consists of combining three features into one. Finally, we used well-known classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and K-Nears Neighbor (KNN) to differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic signals, and we achieved an accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, we developed an Android-based smartphone application for monitoring epilepsy detection based on the classification results of the EEG signal. A notification will be sent to the patient, doctors, and family members when an epilepsy seizure occurs. Once the EEG signal is classified as epileptic, the App will display a visual notification indicating that Epileptic Seizure has been detected. Moreover, it will trigger an alarm and send a message notification to all associated phone numbers, and the EEG signal will display on the App. Although we are using an EEG signal from a dataset, we have generated both normal and epileptic EEG signals using a waveform generator, and we have displayed those signals on the spectrum analyzer for future real time detection using our Android App.
Early analysis of operative management of Chiari I malformation in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients

Chiari I malformation, defined as herniation of the cerebellar tonsils at least 5 mm below the foramen magnum, can result from congenital or acquired pathology. While the mechanism is not well understood, an association between Chiari I and cystic fibrosis has been described in the literature. The lifelong respiratory status management necessitated by cystic fibrosis creates a greater risk of Chiari symptomatology as well as post-operative CSF-related complications in the setting of duraplasty secondary to recurrent transient increases in intracranial pressure. We will review the literature, describe our experience with these patients, and propose bony decompression as an approach to treatment. A retrospective review of pediatric patients treated at our institution with both cystic fibrosis and Chiari I was performed. Since our first case in 2016, our department has evaluated four patients carrying that dual diagnosis. All four underwent posterior fossa decompression surgery. Two patients had incidental pathology. Two symptomatic patients exhibited headaches and/or coordination difficulty. Half of the patients had associated syringomyelia. All patients were offered posterior fossa decompression utilizing intraoperative ultrasound. All four patients underwent posterior fossa decompression without duraplasty. Average operative time was 128 min. There were no complications post-operatively. Average hospital stay was 3.8 days. Average surgical length of stay was 2.3 days. Morbidity and mortality were 0%. The longest follow-up to date is 20 months. The two asymptomatic patients remained so post-operatively. The child with headaches and imbalance had complete resolution of his symptoms after surgery, as did the toddler with headaches. Both patients with syringomyelia demonstrated significant decrease in the size of their syrinxes on imaging performed at least 3 months post-operatively. Based on the literature and our experience, we recommend considering posterior fossa decompression without duraplasty as treatment for pediatric cystic fibrosis patients with Chiari I malformation. This approach can be effective for symptomatic and prophylactic cases in this particular patient demographic because their comorbidities predispose them to Chiari pathology and symptomatology as well as certain post-operative complications.
Elaborating on Team-Member Disagreement: Examining Patterned Dispersion in Team-Level Constructs:

Emergent states are team-level attributes that reflect team members’ collective attitudes, values, cognitions, and motivations and influence team effectiveness. When measuring emergent states (e.g....
Computer vision: the last 50 years

Computer vision began just over 50 years ago with the work of Larry Roberts at MIT in the early 1960s, published in his dissertation and in a landmark article in 1965. This work covered, in some se...
Cellular, Molecular, and Carcinogenic Effects of Radiation

This article reviews the general characteristics of ionizing radiation as a toxic agent, as well as its principal molecular, cellular, and tissue effects. Emphasis is placed on those characteristics in which radiation damage differs from damage induced by most chemical mutagens, in particular, alkylating agents. Current knowledge concerning the carcinogenic effects of radiation in human populations is described, especially as they may relate to the induction of second malignancies following radiation therapy. Finally, several human models are presented to illustrate the potential importance of genetic susceptibility in radiation-induced cancer.
Shaping an "Idea without hands": Bronson Alcott 's educational theory brought to life in Little W omen

iv CHAPTER 1. TEACHER, REFORMER, FATHER 1 1.1. A Man of Change in a Changing Nation 1 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7 2.1. Biographical Writings 7 2.2. Alcotts Educational Theory and the History of Progressive Education 15 CHAPTER 3. THE FORMATION OF AN IDEA: ALCOTTS EARLY LIFE AND INFLUENCES 22 3.1. Early Years 22 3.2. The Birth of a Philosophy 27 CHAPTER 4. ALCOTTS EDUCATIONAL THEORY: THE TRANSCENDENTAL CLASSROOM 32 4.1. Respect for each Child 33 4.2. Comfort 34 4.3. Revolutionary Methods 37 4.4. Education as a Means of Spiritual Growth and Character Development 37 CHAPTER 5. ALCOTT THE TEACHER: A CAREER OF CONTROVERSY 41 5.1. The Temple School 41
Tensor Decomposition for Neurodevelopmental Disorder Prediction

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has been successfully used by the neuroscientists for diagnosis and analysis of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. After transforming fMRI data into functional networks, graph classification algorithms have been applied for distinguishing healthy controls from impaired subjects. Recently, classification followed by tensor decomposition has been used as an alternative, since the sparsity of the functional networks is still an open question. In this work, we present five tensor models of fMRI data, considering the time series of the brain regions as the raw form. After decomposing the tensor using CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) and Tucker decomposition, we compared nearest neighbor classification accuracy on the resulting subject factor matrix. We show experimental results using an fMRI dataset from adult subjects with neurodevelopmental reading disabilities and normal controls.
Associations of cell cycle genetic variants with aggressive prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

175Background: The need to differentiate patients at risk for developing aggressive prostate cancer (CaP) from those at risk for less aggressive disease has led to efforts to identify genetic marke...
Session details: Panels

Panels are an opportunity for learning and engaging in dialog, in an informal environment. Each panel member contributes a unique perspective on a topic, and then you have the opportunity to ask questions and contribute new ideas.As I look at the Panels that we have scheduled, I am confident that we will provide both educational and entertaining experiences. Each focuses on a timely, relevant, and important topic: Going Green with Refactoring: Sustaining the "World Wide Virtual Machine": What exciting advances have been made in refactoring strategies and tools to help sustain rapid growth of system scale and scope?Language-based Security as Extreme Modularity: How can programming language design help us write abstractions robust against malice and accident, at little cost to expressiveness?Multicore, Manycore, and Cloud Computing: Is a new programming language paradigm required? Does the arrival of multicore, manycore, and cloud computing mean that we need new languages with new programming paradigms, and if so, what should these new languages look like?Industry-Academic Research Partnerships in the Age of Big Data and Global Computing Networks: Research partnerships between industry and academia are grown through relationships, a desire for innovation, and opportunities for sponsorship. Can we improve research engagement strategies?
Coherent optical coupling of plasmonic dipoles in metallic nanoislands with random sizes and shapes

We study coherent optical coupling of localized surface plasmon resonances associated with metallic nanoislands (grains) with random sizes and shapes. This is done by investigating the optics of two-dimensional photonic lattices consisting of periodic regions containing such nanoislands. Hybridization of the plasmons associated with these islands with the photonic lattice modes is investigated as the sizes of the nanoislands are increased from tens of nanometers to a coalescing limit wherein each region becomes a solid metallic nanoantenna. We show that when the nanoislands are very small the hybridization process can generate a unique form of surface lattice resonances (SLRs). This suggests phase-correlated coupling of the inhomogeneous distribution of plasmonic dipoles with the diffractive modes of the lattice, leading to a significant enhancement of their optical cross section. Our results show that as the nanoislands become larger the nature of the surface lattice resonance is changed from orthogonal diffraction coupling of plasmon dipoles to parallel coupling of standing-wave plasmons (modes) formed in solid metallic nanoantennas. Emission intensity and dynamics of excitons in semiconductor quantum dots are used to probe the in-phase excitation of plasmons and the impact of refractive index is explored.
Immunological Approaches to Plant Cell Wall and Biomass Characterization: Immunolocalization of Glycan Epitopes

Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that show changes in composition and configuration depending on the developmental stage, biotic, and abiotic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to have tools for visualizing the components of the cell wall in situ at any stage. Here, we describe how specific monoclonal antibodies can be used to examine the distribution of plant cell wall glycan epitopes at the whole plant, tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Understanding the basic cell wall structure is essential for devising efficient strategies to convert cell walls to fermentable sugars for ethanol production.
Surgical Techniques and Differences in Postoperative Outcomes for Patients With Crohn's Disease With Ileosigmoid Fistulas: A Single-Institution Experience, 2010-2016.

BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment of ileosigmoid fistulas in Crohn’s disease is poorly characterized.OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to identify differences in patient postoperative outcomes for isolated ileosigmoid fistulas by surgical approach (laparoscopic versus open) and sigmoid colon repai
Educating Students About Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Kit for Kids Curriculum: Effects on Knowledge and Attitudes

Elementary school students frequently report no knowledge about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and often endorse negative attitudes toward peers with ASD. Investigators evaluated a peer education a...
Coherent spin transport in a DNA molecule

Abstract Coherent spin transport in a DNA molecule has been examined using a first principles calculation. In the calculated model, a B-form double strand (ds) (5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′) (Dickerson-Drew duplex) was located between ferromagnetic nickel electrodes and spin transport was calculated under two relative magnetic configurations of electrodes: parallel and antiparallel alignments. As a result, the molecule was too long to demonstrate an efficient coherent spin transport. Short DNA molecules of ds(5′-CGCG-3′) and ds(5′-AATT-3′), which were cut out from the Dickerson-Drew duplex, showed similar results. On the contrary, stacking nucleic acids (π-stacking) of ds(5′-CGCG-3′) or ds(5′-AATT-3′) resulted in an efficient coherent spin transport sufficient to cause spin polarization and a certain difference in conductance by varying the magnetic configuration of ferromagnetic electrodes. This result suggested the possibility of tunnel magnetoresistance in the short π-stacking part of a DNA molecule.
Fast Gaussian Process based Model Predictive Control with Uncertainty Propagation

Gaussian Process based Model Predictive Control (GP-MPC), where the system model is learned from data by a Gaussian Process (GP) statistical model, has gained increasing interests in the control community. This is due to the modeling flexibility of GPs and their ability to provide probabilistic estimates of prediction uncertainty, which can be used to assess and guarantee the performance or safety of a control system. However, GP-MPC optimization problems are typically non-convex and highly demanding, and scales poorly with the model size, causing unsatisfactory solving performance, even with state-of-the-art solvers. These drawbacks hinder the application of GP-MPC in large-scale systems and in real-time control. Our previous work has developed a new concept, linearized Gaussian Process (linGP), and a linGP-based Sequential Convex Programming (linGP-SCP) algorithm that can accelerate solving GP-MPC problems significantly. However, the algorithm ignored uncertainty propagation in its multi-step GP predictions, resulting in over-confident predictions and an over-optimistic controller. This paper completes linGP-SCP by incorporating uncertainty propagation into GP-MPC and overcoming the computational challenge of uncertainty propagation to maintain the scalability and good performance of the overall algorithm. The improved algorithm is validated in two numerical examples, including a real-time control example of swinging up a single-arm pendulum.
Chapter 4 – Alfred Adler

During his adulthood, Adler converted from Judaism to Protestantism. However, he was and is not considered to be religious. In many of his writings, he makes direct references to the import of religion. He would even coauthor a book on religion and psychology with a Lutheran minister. His concepts fit well with the major world religions, particularly his focus on social interest. Research does support that religiously active people do have a stronger social network. There is some research to support that religious people tend to engage in more helping behaviors. However, the results are not strong and require numerous qualifications.
Special Session on Research Opportunities in Direct Selling: An Abstract

Direct selling is a vibrant component of the economic fabric of the United States, as well as globally. As such, it merits serious research attention from both a macro perspective (for example, a channel of distribution) and a micro perspective (for example, individual entrepreneurship). Moreover, the personal nature of direct selling, being based on a strong person-to-person interactive process, enables a variety of research endeavors that use direct selling to provide a vehicle or venue for data collection and testing hypotheses. Indeed, more than 150 peer-reviewed articles have been published on direct selling topics or have used direct selling data in research.
Identifying Preparatory Courses that Predict Student Success in Quantitative Subjects

College courses are often organized into hierarchical sequences, with foundational courses recommended or required as prerequisites for other offerings. While the wisdom of particular sequences is usually ascertained on the basis of faculty experience or student peer networks, machine learning techniques and ubiquitous transcript data make it possible to systematically identify the courses that best predict subsequent high achievement across entire curricula and student populations. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by analyzing five years of course sequences and earned grades for 13,218 undergraduates enrolled in courses with substantial quantitative content at a private research university. Findings indicate that prior completion of specific courses is positively associated with success in subsequent target courses, and suggest that academic planning could be enhanced through scaled observation of the revealed benefits of course sequences.
High Performance Web Sites: Want to make your Web site fly? Focus on front-end performance.

Google Maps, Yahoo! Mail, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, and Amazon are examples of Web sites built to scale. They access petabytes of data sending terabits per second to millions of users worldwide. The magnitude is awe-inspiring. Users view these large-scale Web sites from a narrower perspective. The typical user has megabytes of data that are downloaded at a few hundred kilobits per second. Users are not so interested in the massive number of requests per second being served; they care more about their individual requests. As they use these Web applications, they inevitably ask the same question: "Why is this site so slow?"
Patent Trolls and Capital Structure Decisions in High-Tech Firms

Under the growing threat of patent trolls, high-tech firms face substantial legal fees, increased cash flow volatility, and greater expected costs of distress. I show that the exposure to patent litigation leads to overly conservative capital structures in high-tech firms. My identification exploits a 2017 U.S. Supreme Court decision limiting the ability of patent trolls to seek favorable venue outside the defendant’s incorporating state. Following the decision, firms incorporated in states with strong anti-patent troll laws increased leverage. Treatment effects are stronger for high-tech firms, the premier targets of patent trolls. Decreased cash flow volatility, especially in treated firms closer to financial distress, provides a key channel for my results.
Low-temperature inductively coupled plasma as a method to promote biomineralization on 3D printed poly(lactic acid) scaffolds

For bone tissue engineering, additive manufacturing offers promise in the development of biomimetic scaffolds; however, common polymers used in typical 3D printing methods often suffer from less than ideal surface properties for proper mineralization. As a result, they can underperform with respect to biointegration without additional modification. In this study, low-temperature plasma was utilized to modify the surface of 3D printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for promoting mineralization in biomimetic in vitro conditions. Detection of calcium phosphates on the polymer surfaces was accomplished via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to identify and image the mineralization products on the surfaces of the scaffolds. Further, a fluorescent assay of surface extracts identified calcium-containing mineral deposits at significantly higher levels for treated scaffolds versus controls. Taken together, these results suggest the futuristic potential of this surface modification method for bone tissue engineering applications.
The Effectiveness of Telephone Intervention for Improving Patient Adherence to Medication among Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials

ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that requires adherence to prescribed medications. With the current pandemic, mobile technology plays a role in caring for patients remotely. Objective To determine the effectiveness of telephone intervention (phone call and text message) on medication adherence among diabetic patients. Methodology Randomized controlled trials were searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Herdin, BMC Health Services Research using combination of terms through boolean operators (“phone message” OR “phone call” AND (“medication adherence” AND “diabetes”) which compared telephone intervention vs usual care. mean, sample size and standard deviation of Medication Adherence in each study were extracted. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Three trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The telephone intervention did not result in statistically significant improvement in medication adherence among diabetics (pooled mean difference: 0.05 95%CI -.08 to 0.17) Conclusion: The intervention was no more effective than the usual care. However, mobile use has potential application for remote care during this pandemic.
Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with 1k Ωcm Bulk Resistivity Wafers

Solar cell architectures with excellent surface passivation that use commercially available multi-milliseconds lifetime wafers can potentially benefit from using higher bulk resistivities. In this study, final device results of the silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells manufactured on very high bulk resistivity (1k Ωcm) wafers are presented. They are shown to have high performance comparable to the commercial bulk resistivity wafers at standard testing conditions (STC) as well as different illumination conditions. In addition, the cells with high resistivity wafers are shown to be more reliable than standard bulk resistivity with higher breakdown voltages.
Identity and Character of Iron Precipitates

Engineers have commonly described the iron precipitate in water treatment plants as ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)\d3, but have also considered the possibility that in certain cases it might be ferrous carbonate. These were reasonable assumptions based on equilibrium constant data; however, neither Fe(OH)\d3 nor FeCO\d3 were ever actually proven to exist in water treatment plants. However, Fe(OH)\d3 is not a recognized crystalline mineral and recent investigations at Iowa State University found that FeCO\d3 unlikely to form in most treatment plants. Rather, when oxygen is the oxidant, the precipitate is more likely to be very small crystals of lepidocrocite, γ\N-FeOOH, at low silica concentrations (LT7 mg/ at pH 7 with an iron concentration of 10 mg/1), but becomes amorphous at higher silica concentrations due to the adsorption of silica onto the growing crystals. When a strong oxidant such as KMnO\d4 is used the precipitate has a much smaller pore structure and is amorphous.
An upper stability bound for singularly-perturbed delta-operator formulated discrete-time systems

This paper presents an algorithm to compute the upper-stability bound for linear singularly-perturbed discrete-time systems, specifically those formulated using the delta operator. Similar results already exist for continuous-time systems and for shift-operator-formulated discrete-time systems. In comparison to the shift-operator formulation the algorithm presented here leads to simpler criteria and is more robust.
Purification and characterization of three isolectins of soybean agglutinin : evidence for C-terminal truncation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a tetrameric D-Gal/D-GalNAc-specific lectin possessing one Man9 oligomannose-type chain/monomer. SBA exists as multiple isolectins having similar binding and immunochemical properties. The present study shows that native SBA consists of at least five isolectins. Three of these isoforms have been purified by chromatofocusing and designated as SBA-I, SBA-II and SBA-III in order of their elution from a chromatofocusing column. The pI of the isolectins are 7.0, 6.85 and 6.7, respectively, as determined by isoelectric focusing. Each isolectin was denatured in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride into their individual subunits which were separated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The HPLC profiles were similar for all three isoforms which showed two major peaks (peak 1 and peak 3) along with a minor peak (peak 2). The first peak of SBA-II existed as a double labeled as 1 a and 1 b. Each peak was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to characterize each isoform and determine their structural differences. The calculated mass of an intact lectin monomer from the amino acid sequence (253 residues) derived from cDNA of the lectin including a Man9 oligomannose chain is 29438 Da. The present results show that peak 3 of each isoform corresponds to an intact subunit (alpha) while peak 1 of each isoform shows lower masses which are assigned to C-terminal fragmentation of the protein. Peak 1 of SBA-I has a molecular mass of 28000Da corresponding to a fragmented subunit (beta) consisting of 240 residues (calculated molecular mass 28001Da). Peak 1a of SBA-II shows a molecular mass of 28000Da corresponding to a fragmented beta subunit, while peak 1b showed two major species: a 28000-Da (beta subunit) and a 28327-Da subunit which corresponds to 243 residues (calculated mass 28326Da) designated as a gamma subunit. In addition, peak 1b showed the presence of a molecular species of 28627Da corresponding to a 246-residue subunit (gamma'). Peak 1 of SBA-III showed a major molecular species corresponding to a fragmented gamma subunit. The minor peak in the HPLC profile (peak 2) represented a subunit of 252 residues for all three isoforms. The results suggest that the subunit compositions of SBA-I, SBA-II and SBA-III are approximately alpha 2 beta 2, alpha 2 beta gamma and alpha 2 gamma 2, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Composition and mass of peptides released during tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysis of myosin.

Abstract Peptides released during the early stages of digestion of myosin by trypsin and chymotrypsin have been isolated and their amino acid compositions determined as a function of the extent of proteolysis. The fractions of the myosin mass released as low molecular weight peptides at various times of digestion are reported. A comparison of the composition of the peptides released by both enzymes indicates that the rates of release of certain of the amino acids (lysine and arginine in the trypsin studies, and phenylalanine and tyrosine in the chymotrypsin studies) are direct reflections of the enzyme specificities. On the other hand, both enzymes release unusually high concentrations of proline residues in the early stages of digestion, and this behavior appears to be related to the conformational state of the proline-containing regions of the native molecules. Results suggest that the proline residues act to open a segment of the α-helical conformation in the myosin rod and to render this local region more susceptible to proteolytic attack. The mass of this region has been estimated at 75,000 to 95,000 g per mole.