cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Workers' Political Participation: Strengthening the Political Confidence of Social Work Students.

This article reports on a survey of the political activity of 242 professional social workers. The research found that social workers are more politically active than the general public. Survey respondents engaged in a range of activities from voting to campaigning, but the most politically active respondents were engaged in professional associations and were more likely to feel capable of affecting the policy process. The authors suggest that social work educators can use strategies based on social learning theory to increase students’ political participation in the future.
A membrane-bound pyrophosphatase in Escherichia coli catalyzing the hydrolysis of cytidine diphosphate-diglyceride.

Abstract An enzyme discovered in the cell membrane fraction of Escherichia coli catalyzes the following reaction: CDP-diglyceride + H2O → CMP + phosphatidic acid The enzyme has been extracted from the membrane fraction with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and has been purified 115-fold. This novel hydrolase appears to have a high specificity, since it does not attack at a significant rate DPN, ATP, or CDP-choline, substrates that are rapidly split by nucleotide pyrophosphatase(s) of broad specificity previously described in plant and animal tissues. It also appears to be distinct from the periplasmic bacterial hydrolases specific for nucleoside diphosphate sugars. The CDP-diglyceride hydrolase is devoid of phospholipase D activity and is also unusual in that it is strongly inhibited by AMP.
Surgical Management of Traumatic Penile Amputation: A Case Report and Review of the World Literature

Introduction There is paucity of case reports that describe the successful reimplantation of a penis after amputation. We sought to report on self-inflicted penile amputation and comment on its surgical management and review current literature.
Behavior Disturbance, Phenobarbital, and Febrile Seizures

Of 109 children treated daily with phenobarbital following the first fibrile convulsion, 42% developed a behavior disorder, usually hyperactivity. Daily phenobarbital therapy was prematurely discontinued in 54% of the children with behavior abnormality (20% of those treated). The behavior disturbance usually appeared within several months, was no correlated with high blood barbiturate levels, disappeared in 73%, and improved in all children when barbiturate therapy was discontinued. No characteristics of the child, the initial febrile seizure, or recurrence of febrile seizures were significantly correlated with the occurrence of the behavior disorder except for behavioral abnormality preceding the initial febrile convulsion. Eighteen percent of the children who received no phenobarbital developed behavior disorder, most often hyperactivity. The behavior disturbance spontaneously disappeared in 52%. Among these children not given phenobarbital, the group with normal behavior had a greater frequency of family history of seizures, especially febrile convulsions, and a lower frequency of preseizure behavior disturbance; abnormalities of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and neonatal period; delayed milestones; long seizures; abnormal results of neurological examination; abnormal EEG; and recurrent febrile seizures.
Comparison of predictive value of activity limitation staging systems based on dichotomous versus trichotomous responses in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.

Background Traditional ways of measuring disability include summary indices, binary expressions, or counts of limitations. However, counts of activity of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) limitations do not specify which activities are limited. Activity limitation staging systems within the ADL and IADL domains depict both the severity and types of limitations experienced and specify clinically meaningful patterns of increasing difficulty with self-care.
Ecological modeling of human-machine interaction

An ecological approach to modeling human-machine interaction based on extensions of Brunswik's (1956) probabilistic functionalism is presented. The general approach is illustrated by a pair of quantitative models in dynamic, interactive task domains. The mathematical techniques used to instantiate the models include genetic algorithms (to describe noncompensatory-logical judgment rules), and multi-dimensional information theory (to describe how a performer generates perceptual information through action, thereby reducing a task's cognitive demands). The models indicate how Brunswik's probabilistic functionalism, previously applied mainly to the analysis of passive judgment, can be extended to the realm of dynamic, interactive tasks. The style of ecological analysis and description portrayed in these models is especially well suited to describing types of, and limits to, adaptation in human-machine interaction.
Home Visiting: A Necessary but not in Itself Sufficient Program Component for Promoting the Health and Development of Families and Children

The importance of home visiting in the overall strategy for promoting the health and development of children and families is still being debated. In a 1980 conference in which the role of home visiting in delivering preventive services to families with young children was explored, a number of rather heterogeneous programs were examined. There was little agreement concerning why one program appeared to be effective and another did not. Some of the variables thought to be related to positive outcomes were the timing of the intervention (prenatal vs postnatal); intensity (weekly or more vs monthly or less); duration (a year or more vs less than a year); how careful was the selection, training and supervision, and continuing education of the home visitors; content of the intervention (specific educational content and/or emotional support); the overall framework of the intervention (child centered, family centered, ecologic); and the research design and sample size.
Optimization of Die Profiles for Deep Drawing

This paper develops a procedure for the optimization of dies used in the deep drawing process. Previous efforts in this area are initially related. Considerable discussion is then devoted to the problem formulation. To effect the problem’s solution, several techniques are merged including the use of cubic and quartic splines, regression curve fitting and the techniques of constrained optimization. Computational results and conclusions are given.
Compact actions on C*-algebras

In Section 33 of [2], Bonsall and Duncan define an element t of a Banach algebra to act compactly on if the map a → tat is a compact operator on . In this paper, the arguments and technique of [1] are used to study this question for C*-algebras (see also [10]). We determine the elements b of a C*-algebra for which the maps a → ba, a → ab, a → ab + ba, a → bab are compact (respectively weakly compact), determine the C*-algebras which are compact in the sense of Definition 9, of [2, p. 177] and give a characterization of the C*-automorphisms of which are weakly compact perturbations of the identity.
Angular momentum determination of resonances in /sup 24/Mg + n by elastic neutron scattering

The angular momentum values of 15 resonances in /sup 24/Mg + n have been determined by elastic neutron scattering. The change in shape of the differential cross section (i.e., sigma/sub l J/(E,theta)) versus angle has been observed for most of these resonances. Assignments of l = 2 for five resonances could be made on the basis of their distinct interference pattern in the 90degree cross section data.
Politics and the Supernatural in Mid-Qing Legal Culture:

Scholars and laypersons alike used to dismiss the legal system of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) as an exclusively penal system chiefly distinguished by its arbitrariness and brutality (Ch'ii, 1961; Gray, 1878; van der Sprenkel, 1962; for some contemporary views, see Ocko, 1991). Recently, however, a number of studies have amended this view. These studies, focusing primarily on the century or so from 1750, have demonstrated that late imperial administrators used great care in the formulation and application of laws. Scholars now think that, contrary to the popular image that suggested ordinary people would go to almost any lengths to avoid involvement with formal law, people of no account often overcame their instinctive wariness of officialdom to invoke the law to protect what we might call their rights. Thus we now know that consistent rules of evidence governed judicial procedure; that a form of civil law thrived in China; that a complex system of appeals not only existed but was overloaded by no later than the late eighteenth century; and that in general it was thought necessary and desirable to demonstrate a legal basis for judicial decisions. Although the autonomy of such decisions remained susceptible to imperial interference, the exercise of imperial whim was not untrammeled. For example, in routine capital cases it was limited by a system
Diversity Education for Preservice Teachers: Strategies and Attitude Outcomes.

Abstract This study analyzes the impact of a focus on diversity issues in a Foundations of Education class. The treatment included a variety of instructional strategies designed to address issues of intolerance and to promote understanding of the importance of multicultural education for teachers. Upon completion of the course, students were asked to determine the impact of the course on their views and to specify which strategies had the most impact. The findings of this study provide data which are useful to those wishing to strengthen the integration of diversity issues within their classes.
CATALYSTS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN MEATS. 2. Linoleate Oxidation Catalyzed by Tissue Homogenates

SUMMARY In beef tissue homogenate, both types of catalysts—hemoprotein and non-heme iron–are active catalysts of linoleate oxidation. Although the pH-dependent catalytic pattern of beef homogenate was similar to MetMb catalysis, the presence of non-heme iron could be identified by adding ascorbate or 8-OH-quinoline. Ascorbate-stimulated oxidation could be inhibited by chelating agents. Furthermore, lower concentrations of phosphate buffer rendered the non-heme iron more active at acidic pH. Linoleate oxidation was also catalyzed by H2O2-treated (heme-free) beef homogenates. Oxidation was accelerated either by thiols or by ascorbate. Both EDTA and 8-OH-quinoline abolished catalysis, but xanthine and citric acid further accelerated. An active non-heme iron chelate thus is indicated. In shrimp tissue homogenate, the evidence suggested that non-heme metal complexes were playing a dominant role in catalysis. Except for the anomalous behavior of thiols, the effect of pH changes and various additives was similar to that in Fef(II)-EDTA model systems.
Separation of unsaturated organic compounds using silver–thiolate chromatographic material

Separation of organic compounds containing various numbers of double bonds (DB) can be readily achieved by using silver ion impregnated silica gel, often called silver-ion or argentation chromatography. However, the practical application of silver-ion liquid chromatography in analytical and preparative separations has been limited by the concerns about the stability and mobility of silver ions and the widespread use of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Silver covalently anchored onto the thiol moiety of mercaptopropyl modified silica gel has been tested for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by ring numbers, but has never been shown to separate mixtures of alkenes having different number of double bonds. We report here that silver-thiolate chromatographic material (AgTCM; including, but not limited to, silver(I) mercaptopropyl silica gel) is also highly efficient in liquid chromatographic separation of alkane/alkenes differing by one double bond. AgTCM displays exceptionally high selectivity for unsaturated compounds and high stability under extended heat and light exposure, while silver is virtually immobile during solvent elution. Compared to ionic silver, silver-thiolate interacts with double bonds less strongly, allowing AgTCM to efficiently separate olefins using less polar (and often less viscous and lower cost) solvents. The interaction energy between silver and ethylene is calculated using established computational methods and the results are in full agreement with our experimental results. Importantly, the exceptional stability of AgTCM gives rise to much higher compound recovery than conventional silver-ion silica gel during the chromatographic elution. Our results pave the way for the development of novel covalently bonded, transition metal-containing chromatographic materials.
Environmental monitoring at Hanford, Washington, USA: a brief site history and summary of recent results

Nuclear and nonnuclear industrial and research activities have been conducted on the Hanford reservation since 1943. Materials originating from these activities may enter the surrounding environment through releases of airborne and liquid effluents and solid wastes. Concern about the environmental effects of these releases has evolved over the past four decades into a comprehensive onsite and offsite monitoring program. Today, environmental monitoring to assess potential impacts of released materials includes field sampling and chemical and physical analyses of air, ground and surface water, fish and wildlife, soil, vegetation, and foodstuffs. This paper reviews the history of Hanford operations and summarizes the current environmental monitoring program and its major findings. Mathematical models based on monitoring data show that radiation doses to people living near the Hanford site are well below existing regulatory standards. Only trace amounts of radionuclides from Hanford have been detected in the offsite environment.
Sensitization of Chinese hamster ovary cells to melphalan by etanidazole under intermittent hypoxia

Incubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells with etanidazole under hypoxic conditions increases cell killing by subsequent treatment with melphalan under aerobic conditions. We report here that this sensitization can be achieved even if periods of hypoxia are interrupted by reoxygenation. Preincubation under hypoxia in the absence of etanidazole also results in sensitization to melphalan. Intermittent hypoxia is less effective than continuous hypoxia as a single sensitizing factor. Glutathione depletion does not appear to have more than an additive effect on chemosensitization by etanidazole. These results suggest that prolonged treatment with low doses of etanidazole may be a more effective strategy for clinical chemosensitization than a short exposure to a higher dose, in order to target intermittently as well as chronically hypoxic cells.
New electrolytes based on glutaronitrile for high energy/power Li-ion batteries

Abstract Glutaronitrile, CN[CH 2 ] 3 CN, is evaluated as a co-solvent in thermally and (anodically) electrochemically stable electrolyte mixtures suitable for high energy/power Li-ion batteries. Linear sweep voltammetry scans indicate an electrochemical anodic stability of more than 6 V versus Li + /Li for the 1 M LiTFSI electrolytes. Glutaronitrile and its ethylene carbonate electrolyte solutions show high ionic conductivities and low viscosities reaching 5 mS cm −1 and 7 cP, respectively, at 20 °C. Aluminum corrosion tests of the solutions showed an improved protective resistance up to 4.4 V. Lithium ion batteries incorporating graphite as an anode and LiCoO 2 as the cathode material were assembled using a glutaronitrile electrolyte mixture, whose stability on graphite was greatly enhanced by the use of ethylene carbonate as a co-solvent and Li (bioxalatoborate) (LiBOB) as a co-salt, and these cells showed moderately good discharge capacities with low capacity fade up to the 100th cycle.
Discriminating among Levels of College Student Drinking through an Eriksonian Theoretical Framework

Identity development is a critical period that extends into adulthood. Based on E. H. Erikson's (1968) theory, this study explored how identity statuses best separate heavy- from light-drinking college students. Exploring identity status can assist students in making healthier behavior choices.
Anomalous chromomagnetic moments of quarks and large transverse energy jets.

We consider the jet cross sections for gluons coupling to quarks with an anomalous chromomagnetic moment. We then apply this to the deviation and bounds from QCD found in the CDF and D0 Fermilab data, respectively, to find a range of possible values for the anomalous moments. The quadratic and quartic terms in the anomalous moments can fit to the rise of a deviation with transverse energy. Since previous analyses have been done on the top quark total cross section, here we assume the same moment on all quarks except the top quark and find the range $|{\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|\ensuremath{\equiv}|\frac{\ensuremath{\kappa}}{(2{m}_{q})}|=1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ Te${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the CDF data. Assuming the anomalous moment is present only on a charm or bottom quark which is pair produced results in a range $|{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{b,c}^{\ensuremath{'}}|=3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ Te${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The magnitudes here are compared with anomalous magnetic moments that could account for ${R}_{b}$ and found to be in the same general range, as well as not inconsistent with CERN LEP and SLD bounds on $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{had}}$.
Studies on the binding and degradation of human very-low-density lipoproteins by human hepatoma cell line HepG2

The regulation of the hepatic catabolism of normal human very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was studied in human-derived hepatoma cell line HepG2. Concentration-dependent binding, uptake and degradation of 125I-labeled VLDL demonstrated that the hepatic removal of these particles proceeds through both the saturable and non-saturable processes. In the presence of excess unlabeled VLDL, the specific binding of 125-labeled VLDL accounted for 72% of the total binding. The preincubation of cells with unlabeled VLDL had little effect on the expression of receptors, but reductive methylation of VLDL particles reduced their binding capacity. Chloroquine and colchicine inhibited the degradation of 125I-labeled VLDL and increased their accumulation in the cell, indicating the involvement of lysosomes and microtubuli in this process. Receptor-mediated degradation was associated with a slight (13%) reduction in de novo sterol synthesis and had no significant effect on the cellular cholesterol esterification. Competition studies demonstrated the ability of unlabeled VLDL, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to effectively compete with 125I-labeled VLDL for binding to cells. No correlation was observed between the concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II and C-III of unlabeled lipoproteins and their inhibitory effect on 125I-labeled VLDL binding. When unlabeled VLDL, LDL and HDL were added at equal contents of either apolipoprotein B or apolipoprotein E, their inhibitory effect on the binding and uptake of 125I-labeled VLDL only correlated with apolipoprotein E. Under similar conditions, the ability of unlabeled VLDL, LDL and HDL to compete with 125I-labeled LDL for binding was a direct function of only their apolipoprotein B. These results demonstrate that in HepG2 cells, apolipoprotein E is the main recognition signal for receptor-mediated binding and degradation of VLDL particles, while apolipoprotein B functions as the sole recognition signal for the catabolism of LDL. Furthermore, the lack of any substantial regulation of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransf erase activities subsequent to VLDL degradation, in contrast to that observed for LDL catabolism, suggests that, in HepG2 cells, the receptor-mediated removal of VLDL proceeds through processes independent of those involved in LDL catabolism.
Alternative Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Utility Factor

To understand the real world conditions of use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the electrical energy consumption and gasoline energy consumption must be weighted according to how often a consumer will drive fueled by each energy source. To perform this weighting The Society of Automotive Engineers Hybrid Committee has codified the concept of the utility factor in SAE J2841 Utility Factor Definitions for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Travel Survey Data. The J2841 utility factor weights the energy consumption from each energy source according to a model of US driving behavior derived statistics from the 2001 National Highway Transportation Survey, and the assumption that each vehicle begins the day trip fully charged and does not charge over the course of the day. This paper examines the sensitivity of the J2841 utility factor to more detailed models of vehicle charging behavior and proposes a utility factor model and simulation method as an alternative to J2841. This alternative utility factor aims to better represent the real-world driving and charging behavior of near-term plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Philosophy and Psychotherapy Part 2: Ethics—The Question of the Good

A dialogue with the anonymous psychiatrist, Dr. E., is presented, dealing with the nature of the ethical values underlying psychoanalytic psychotherapy. A difficult clinical case is the focus of the discussion—that of a woman who was not to be deterred from committing suicide and whose deadly plans appeared to raise serious ethical questions for the clinician.
ST-16: a new Bw16 subtype present in Mexican-Americans.

Abstract Using a large battery of Bw16, w38, and w39 antisera, a new variant of Bw16 has been identified in four unrelated Mexican-American families. The serologi pattern obtained is distinct from that for the Bw38, Bw39, and 8W57 antigens. Absorption studies confirm the existence of this new Bw16 subtype which we term ST-16. ST-16 is Bw6-associated, with antigen frequency estimated to be 2.5% in Mexican-Americans.
In-flight imaging of transverse gas jets injected into compressible crossflows

The development of and results from an airborne flight-test experiment to study nonreacting gas jets injected transversely into subsonic and slightly supersonic crossflows is presented. Freestream/crossflow Mach numbers in the study ranged from 0.6 to 1.2, and planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of an iodine-seeded nitrogen jet was used to visualize the jet flow. Time-dependent images were obtained with a high-speed intensified video camera synchronized to the laser pulse rate. The entire experimental assembly was configured compactly inside a unique flight-test fixture mounted under the fuselage of NASA Dryden's F-104G research aircraft, which served as a flying wind tunnel. Recorded transverse gas jet images were then digitized to allow analysis of jet trajectory, spreading, and mixing characteristics. Comparisons of experimental results with model predictions in this transonic crossflow regime show reasonable agreement. Nomenclature AJ = cross-sectional area of jet nozzle at exit A6 = cross-sectional area of jet nozzle at transducer location; see Fig. 4 Mj = jet exit Mach number
Isolation and Identification of Gangliosides of Human Epidermis

Abstract Although a number of studies have been carried out on the lipid content and profile of epidermis, little attention has been focused on a particular group of acidic glycosphingolipids, the gangliosides. In this study gangliosides were isolated from normal human tissue: breast, abdomen, and leg. Epidermis was removed, gangliosides were isolated, sialic acid content was quantified by gas-liquid chromatography, and individual species were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography. Ganglioside content was similar for epidermis from abdomen and leg, but was higher in breast. Epidermal individual gangliosides, however, differed markedly from region to region. Epidermis from leg contained mostly GM3 whereas epidermis from breast and abdomen contained GD3 in addition to more complex homologues.
Size and scaling of sexually‐selected traits in the lizard, Uta palmeri

Differences between the sexes in overall body size and in the size of other morphological traits, relative to overall body size, are common in many animals. In this study, patterns of growth and scaling of sexually dimorphic tratis are assessedin a lilzard and then used to sugest general developmental mechanisms responsible for sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Adult make Uta palmeri lizards are larger than adult females inoverall body size (snout-vent length, SVL), body mass, jaw length head width, and head depth. Two general growth processes produce this adult SSD. First, juvenile males have greater annual SVL growth rates than do juvenile females, contributing to adult SSD because males will be larger than females in any trait positively correlated with SVL. Secondly, males and females differ in age-related changes in growth of the three head size traits, relative to growth in SVL. Comparing slopes from reduced major axis regressions of each trait on SVL reveals that the sexes do not differ in the scaling of these traits as juveniles, but as adults males have greater slopes than adult females, indicating ontogenetic differences in scaling of these traits in males. Two other topics in SSD are addressed with these data. First, comparing these data on scaling to those of an earlier analysis that used ordinary least squares regression reveals that conclusions about underlying mechanisms in an analysis of scaling can be altered by the choice of a regression model. Secondly, these data indicate that postmaturational differences in scaling contribute to adult sexual size differences, contrary to an earlier study. Shine (1990) found that for many ectotherms, which continue to grow after sexual maturation, post-maturational events contribute little to sexual differences in overall body size. Results for U. palmeri suggest that these findings may only hold for measures of overall body size (e.g. SVL) and may not generalize to traits that exhibit sex difference in scaling.
Senseless makes sense for spinocerebellar ataxia-1.

Why are some neurons selectively targeted for death in neurodegenerative diseases? A recent paper combines genetics in the fruit fly and mouse to uncover mechanisms underlying the vulnerability of Purkinje cells in spinocerebellar ataxia-1.
Interaction of calcium with the human divalent metal-ion transporter-1

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Whereas dietary calcium is known to reduce the bioavailability of iron, the molecular basis of this interaction is not understood. We tested the hypothesis that divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1)-the principal or only mechanism by which nonheme iron is taken up at the intestinal brush border-is shared also by calcium. We expressed human DMT1 in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes and examined its activity using radiotracer assays and the voltage clamp. DMT1 did not mediate 45Ca2+ uptake. Instead, we found that Ca2+ blocked the Fe2+-evoked currents and inhibited 55Fe2+ uptake in a noncompetitive manner (K(i) approximately 20 mM). The mechanism of inhibition was independent of voltage and did not involve intracellular Ca2+ signaling. The alkaline-earth metal ions Ba2+, Sr2+, and Mg2+ also inhibited DMT1-mediated iron-transport activity. We conclude that Ca2+ is a low-affinity noncompetitive inhibitor--but not a transported substrate--of DMT1, explaining in part the effect of high dietary calcium on iron bioavailability.
Select Nutrients in the Ovine Uterine Lumen. IV. Expression of Neutral and Acidic Amino Acid Transporters in Ovine Uteri and Peri-Implantation Conceptuses

The availability of specific neutral and acidic amino acids in the uterine lumen of ewes increased significantly during the peri-implantation period, but mechanisms for their transport into the uterine lumen and uptake by conceptuses are not established in any species. In this study, effects of pregnancy, progesterone (P4), and interferon tau (IFNT) on expression of neutral and acidic amino acid transporters in uteri of cyclic and pregnant ewes and conceptuses were studied. SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC3A1, SLC6A14, SLC6A19, SLC7A6, SLC38A3, and SLC38A6 mRNAs were only weakly expressed in the ovine endometrium. However, SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC7A8, and SLC43A2 mRNAs were detectable in uterine luminal epithelia (LE), superficial glandular epithelia (sGE), and/or glandular epithelia (GE). SLC1A1 and SLC7A5 mRNAs were most abundant in LE/sGE and GE. SLC1A3 and SLC38A4 mRNAs were most abundant in uterine stroma. SLC38A6 mRNA was detected only in cells with a stromal distribution suggesting immune lineage. SLC1A5 mRNA was expressed primarily in LE/sGE and stromal cells, and it was more abundant in uteri of pregnant ewes (day x status interaction; P < 0.05). Furthermore, P4 induced and IFNT further stimulated SLC1A5 expression in LE/sGE. Endometrial SLC1A1, SLC7A5, and SLC43A2 mRNAs demonstrated both temporal and cellSLC-specific changes. Several mRNAs were detectable in trophectoderm (SLC6A19, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, and SLC43A2), while others were more abundant in endoderm (SLC1A4, SLC1A5, SLC6A19, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A8, and SLC43A2) of conceptuses. These results document coordinate changes in expression of transporters that are likely responsible for increases in amounts of neutral and acidic amino acids in the uterine lumen to support conceptus growth, development, and survival.
Civil Service Reform Under George W. Bush: Ideology, Politics, and Public Personnel Administration

This article focuses on the George W. Bush administration’s failed effort to impose radical personnel reforms on the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense in the wake of the...
Psychological dimensions of Elenchus in the Gorgias

In this article, I argue that, in showing inconsistency of beliefs, Socratic elenchus is showing incompatibility of the desires those beliefs express. This thesis explains Socrates’ claim that, in refuting Callicles, he is also restraining his desires. The beliefs in question are about the best kind of life to lead; such beliefs express the second order desire to lead a life in which certain sorts of first order desires are satisfied. Socrates’ elenchus shows that Callicles is caught between two incompatible second order desires: a desire to lead of life of enormous pleasure and a desire to lead a life in which his love of honor is satisfied. Socrates does not succeed with Callicles because the way out of this dilemma depends on a type of desire not found in the moral psychology of the Gorgias , i.e., a desire whose satisfaction is pleasure unmixed with pain, described in Republic 583c-585e and Philebus 50e-52b.
The Ultrastructure of Well-healed Lenticules in Keratomileusis

Two well-healed hyperopic keratomileusis homoplastica lenticules, one 4 years old, the other 5 months old, were removed from the same patient following postoperative complications of triplopia and aniseikonia. The lenticules were examined by light and electron microscopy. Both lenticules were repopulated with keratocytes throughout the lamellae. Degenerated keratocytes were observed in the 5-month-old lenticule and recipient stroma, and in the 4-year-old lenticule; no degenerated keratocytes were seen in the recipient stroma of the 4-year-old lenticule. These findings may have resulted from toxic constituents of the solutions used to preserve the donor cornea. The basement membrane was thickened in both lenticules. The epithelial cell layer was irregular in the periphery of the lenticule where Bowman's membrane was disrupted. These findings suggest that careful surgical technique that minimizes damage to Bowman's layer and basement membrane may promote more rapid epithelial healing. The histologic results suggest that the cause of this patient's triplopia was irregular astigmatism.
The elastic properties of woven polymeric fabric

The in-plane linear elastic constants of woven fabric are determined in terms of the specific fabric microstructure. The fabric Is assumed to be a spatially periodic interlaced network of orthogonal yarns and the Individual yarns are modeled as extensible elastica. These results indicate that a significant coupling of bending and stretching effects occurs during deformation. Results of this theoretical analysis compare favorably with measured in-plane elastic constants for Vincel yarn fabrics.
Hot toroidal and bubble nuclei.

As nuclear temperature increases, the surface-tension coefficient decreases and the Coulomb repulsion is effective in pushing the nuclear matter outward, leading to the formation of toroidal and bubble nuclei. We obtain the threshold temperatures above which these nuclei are stable against symmetry-preserving distortions. They are found to decrease with the mass number.
Eating patterns and nutritional characteristics associated with sleep duration

Increasing attention has been given to the potential metabolic implications of inadequate sleep. Short sleep and, to a lesser extent, long sleep duration may increase the risk of developing obesity(1–4) and metabolic diseases(5,6), possibly via alterations in metabolic regulation and appetite(7,8). Inadequate sleep duration may also modify eating patterns, thereby mediating or contributing to the observed relationship between sleep duration and obesity. Sleep duration in theory influences the time available for eating and the time of the day that eating occurs. Like most physiological actions and behaviours, eating practices are regulated in response to the sleep–wake cycle, which is the master output rhythm of the circadian clock(9). Moreover, several characteristics of eating practices such as skipping breakfast, late eating time and low meal frequency have been related to altered metabolic response, poor nutritional quality and obesity(10–15). In a previous study, a higher prevalence of skipping breakfast was observed in persons with short sleep than in persons with normative sleep hours(16). However, we are unaware of studies characterizing eating patterns in relation to sleep duration. A major objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and eating patterns. It has been well documented that individual eating episodes are highly interrelated; i.e. the timing and satiety of the previous eating episode largely determine the time and size of the following eating episode(12). Therefore, we first used principal component analysis to identify major eating patterns among 27 983 women in the Sister Study and then evaluated their relationships with sleep duration. We also chose obesity and older age (age ≥55 years) a priori as potential effect modifiers based on previous literature suggesting altered meal and snack eating patterns in obese(10,13) and older individuals(17,18).
Spin-glass state of a randomly diluted granular superconductor.

A randomly diluted lattice of Josephson tunnel junctions is used as a model to generate a replicated Landau-Ginzburg field theory describing the properties of diluted superconductors near the percolation threshold. The model predicts Meissner and Abrikosov phases and a spin-glass phase with frozen currents, a nonvanishing Edwards-Anderson order parameter, and power-law decay of correlations of the magnetic field.
Food concentration and stocking density effects on survival and growth of laboratory-reared larvae of bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli and lined sole Achirus lineatus

Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs were stocked at densities from 0.5 to 32.0 l-1 and larvae were fed on wild plankton (copepod nauplii) in concentrations that ranged from 50 to 5000 prey l-1. Lined sole (Achirus lineatus) eggs were stocked at 0.5 to 16.0 l-1 and larvae were fed wild plankton at concentrations from 50 to 1000 prey l-1. Some larvae of each species survived at all stock and food levels to the transformation stage at 16 days after hatching. Survival rates for both species exceeded 40% when food concentration was 1000 l-1 or higher. Growth and dry weight yields also increased significantly at the higher food concentrations. Effects of initial stocking density were not well defined, but both survival and growth decreased at the highest stocking rates. Standardized culture of bay anchovy and lined sole larvae can be based on a food concentration of 1000 copepod nauplii l-1 to routinely produce healthy larvae.
Regional induction of c-fos and heat shock protein-72 mRNA following fluid-percussion brain injury in the rat

To evaluate the cellular response to traumatic brain injury, the expression of mRNA for c-fos and the 72-kDa heat shock protein (hsp72) was determined using in situ hybridization following lateral fluid-percussion injury (2.2-2.4 atm) in rat brain. At 2 h after injury, induction of c-fos mRNA was observed throughout the cortex ipsilateral to the site of injury, while increased expression of hsp72 mRNA was restricted to regions of the cortex surrounding the contusion area. An increase in c-fos mRNA, but not hsp72 mRNA, was observed bilaterally in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus and the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and in the thalamus ipsilateral to the impact site. By 6 h, increased expression of c-fos mRNA was observed only in the corpus callosum on the impact side; hsp72 mRNA persisted in the deep cortical layers and upper layers of the subcortical white matter below the site of maximal injury. By 24 h, both c-fos and hsp72 mRNA had returned to control levels in all regions of the brain. These results demonstrate that lateral fluid-percussion brain injury triggers regionally and temporally specific expression of c-fos and hsp72 mRNA, which may be suggestive of differential neurochemical alterations in neurons and glia following experimental brain injury.
Ain't No (Sky)River Wide Enough to Keep Me from Getting to You: SkyRiver, Innovative, OCLC, and the Fight for Control over the Bibliographic Data, Cataloging Services, ILL, and ILS Markets

This article describes the litigation involving SkyRiver Technology Solutions and Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC). At its heart is who owns library catalog records. It begins with an overview of the organizations and examines their histories, products, and positions in the library services market in an attempt to understand and explain the background for the current situation. It continues with an overview of the lawsuit, including the plaintiffs’ claims for relief and the major arguments in OCLC's motion to dismiss. Finally, it turns to what the lawsuit means for the library services marketplaces, what potential changes may occur, and what OCLC's future might look like.
Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for Manduca allatotropin and the existence of an allatotropin-immunoreactive peptide in Periplaneta americana

Antisera to Manduca sexta allatoropin were raised in rabbits and were used to develop a competitive enzyme immunoassay for this neuropeptide. The detection limit of the assay is less than 2 fmol/well. A useful quantification can be obtained from 2 to 30 fmol/well. No cross-reactivity was observed with several insect peptides, but the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay does recognize [Ala6, Leu7, Ser8]-allatotropin, a myotropin recently isolated from Locusta migratoria. The assay was used to study the distribution of allatotropin within the nervous system of Manduca sexta. The peptide is present in the retrocerebral complex, the brain, and the ventral nerve cord of this species, in quantities of respectively 0.01, 1.2, and 1.7 pmol per insect. An allatotropin-immunoreactive peptide was found in the nervous system of Periplaneta americana. It is present in the ventral nerve cord (3.3 pmol/insect), brain (1.9 pmol/insect), and retrocerebral complex (0.09 pmol/insect). These data suggest that peptides of this family are generally present in insects. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Differentiating the new rheumatoid arthritis biologic therapies.

AbstractCurrent understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has led to the development of therapies involving biologic agents that target specific mediators of the disease process. Although the biologic agents used to treat RA share the ability to alter the c
Measurement of the proportion of free to total prostate-specific antigen improves diagnostic performance of prostate-specific antigen in the diagnostic gray zone of total prostate-specific antigen

Abstract Objectives This study examined the clinical significance of non-complexed (free) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer with an emphasis on patients with total PSA values between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL (the diagnostic gray zone). Methods Serum samples were obtained from three specimen banks. Patient samples consisted of 55 untreated historically confirmed primary cancer, 62 men with untreated benign prostatic disease histologically confirmed by 6 negative sextant biopsies, and 64 asymptomatic healthy male controls with normal digital rectal examinations and PSA values less than 4.0 ng/mL. All patients were between the ages of 50 and 75 years. Total PSA levels were determined using the PA immunoassay performed on the TOSOH AIA-1200 automated immunoassay instrument. Free PSA levels were determined using a monoclonal-polyclonal antibody sandwich radioimmunoassay. The proportion of free to total PSA was calculated by dividing the patient's free PSA value by the total PSA value. Results When all subjects were included, both total PSA and the proportion of free to total PSA significantly differentiated between patients with prostate cancer and patients with benign histologic conditions ( P P = 0.0004), whereas the total PSA did not ( P = 0.13). Among this subgroup of patients, the analysis of sensitivity and specificity showed that the proportion of free to total PSA had a clearly higher specificity compared with that of the total PSA at the same level of sensitivity. Conclusions Measurement of the free PSA level in a patient's serum and calculation of the proportion of free to total PSA enhances the ability to distinguish benign histologic conditions from cancer while retaining high sensitivity for detecting cancer in men who present with total PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL. A large-scale population-based study is currently in progress to confirm this preliminary finding.
Temperature-sensitive carrot variants impaired in somatic embryogenesis.

Abstract Cultured cells of many plant species are capable of regenerating back to plants. In carrots, plant regeneration takes place via embryogenesis. Because vast numbers of somatic embryos are produced from haploid carrot cultures, it is possible to design a selection procedure for recovering temperature-sensitive variants impaired in early embryogenesis (ts-emb−). The ts-emb− lines fall into three classes. The first class is blocked before any growth in embryogenic medium can take place; the second class is blocked in organized growth: cells can grow as callus, but cannot form embryos; the third is blocked at the first stage of embryo development, the globular stage. These classes are useful in delineating the developmental steps during early somatic embryogenesis. The ts-emb− phenotype of most variant lines is stable in culture and is maintained through plant regeneration. Hypotheses are made concerning the origin of the ts-emb− phenotype. In addition to the ts-emb− lines, other classes of variants have been recovered, i.e., ts-growth−, habituated lines, and lines with altered responses to growth regulators.
Perfect and imperfect icosahedral solids and the projection method

On utilise des extensions de la technique de projection pour decrire les solides icosaedriques. Discussion des relations entre la methode de projection et la methode duale generalisee pour decrire les reseaux quasi periodiques. Cas des reseaux quasi periodiques qui n'entrent pas dans le schema de projection ordinaire. Les solides icosaedriques experimentaux qui ne sont pas des structures quasi periodiques parfaites peuvent cependant etre decrits par une procedure de projection aleatoire
Real-time three-dimensional digital Doppler method based on Gaussian control surface for measurement of flow volumes

Abstract The cardiac flow volumes through the mitral valve orifice were measured using a Gaussian control surface-based, Doppler angle-independent method on real-time three-dimensional digital Doppler (3DDD) data from 13 children. Our flow volume measurements correlated and agreed well with the ascending aorta flow volumes measured by PVC MRI and stroke volumes obtained from MRI left ventrical volumetric measurements.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for synthetic articular cartilage material.

As part of a program to develop a synthetic articular cartilage material for use in reconstructive joint surgery, this paper is concerned with the desiderata for such a material and with the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels reinforced by crystallinity as developed for this purpose. Reference is further made to the ultimate preparation of cationic PVA hydrogels to provide the low-friction lubrication necessary in a cartilage prosthesis when in contact with natural synovial fluid.
Party Differentiation in Congress

At times, the American political parties are so close in terms of policy positions that critics denounce the lack of a “dime's worth of difference” between them. At other times, the gap between them on a left-right dimension is huge. How can we explain this variation? We argue that parties can behave rationally as collective units, and that shifts in divergence and convergence can be explained as rational responses to changes within governmental institutions and to shifts in conditions outside. We analyze this argument using adjusted ADA scores (Groseclose, Levitt, and Snyder 1999) to compare voting score differences between the Democratic and Republican parties in Congress from 1952 to 1996. We pose specific hypotheses for potentially important factors shaping party behavior and test them with a multivariate model. Our results support the argument that the variation in the behavioral gap between the two parties in Congress can be explained as rational party responses to internal and external stimuli.
Electron-microprobe monazite dating of ca. 1.71–1.63 Ga and ca. 1.45–1.38 Ga deformation in the Homestake shear zone, Colorado: Origin and early evolution of a persistent intracontinental tectonic zone

The Homestake shear zone, one of the principal Precambrian structures within the Colorado mineral belt, has a history of tectonism that extends from the Proterozoic to the Tertiary. New field mapping, microstructural analysis, and electron-microprobe U-Th-Pb monazite dates define the style, kinematics, and timing of multistage Proterozoic ductile deformation. Early subhorizontal shearing (D1) progressed to northwest-southeast crustal shortening (D2) during a protracted ca. 1710–1630 Ma orogeny involving high-temperature metamorphism, partial melting, and emplacement of the ca. 1.7 Ga Cross Creek batholith. The subvertical, northeast trend of the shear zone was established by D2 shortening. A major episode of simple-shear displacement occurred ca. 1.4 Ga during emplacement of the St. Kevin batholith. Complex kinematics are recorded by 1380 Ma, southeast- side-down, dextral mylonite zones (D3) and post–1380 Ma southeast-side-up, dextral ultramylonite-pseudotachylyte zones (D4) that were both localized in D2 foliation domains. The succession of ductile tectonites in the Homestake records >300 m.y. of episodic deformation at progressively shallower crustal levels as Colorado evolved from an active accretionary margin (1.8–1.7 Ga), through crustal assembly (1.7–1.6 Ga), to a tectonically active continental interior (post 1.45 Ga). The Homestake shear zone constitutes a classic example of ductile shear-zone reactivation and the development of persistent tectonic zones in the continental lithosphere.