cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Performance of a Spinning-Reflector Microwave Radiometer

Abstract In the winter of 1986, two microwave radiometers were operated side by side at a high-altitude weather observation site in the central Sierra Nevada for the purpose of comparing measurements in a variety of ambient weather conditions. The instruments continuously recorded measurements of vertically integrated water vapor and liquid water during storms affecting the area. One radiometer was designed with a spinning reflector to shed precipitation particles while the other radiometer's reflector was fixed. Temporal records of the data show periods of wet weather contamination for the fixed reflector radiometer. The absence (presence) of these contaminated periods is mainly explained by the difference in the design of the radiometers. These contaminated periods led to larger standard deviation in the data from the fixed-reflector radiometer and lower correlation coefficients between the two instruments. Correlation coefficients of 0.83 for the liquid and 0.68 for the vapor values were found for the ...
Mitotic kinase cascades orchestrating timely disjunction and movement of centrosomes maintain chromosomal stability and prevent cancer

Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers that duplicate in S phase to form bipolar spindles that separate duplicated chromosomes faithfully into two daughter cells during cell division. Recent studies show that proper timing of centrosome dynamics, the disjunction and movement of centrosomes, is tightly linked to spindle symmetry, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and chromosome segregation. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate centrosome dynamics, with emphasis on the roles of key mitotic kinases in the proper timing of centrosome dynamics and how aberrancies in these processes may cause chromosomal instability and cancer.
EVALUATING INTERNAL VERSUS EXTERNAL CHARACTERS: PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF THE ECHINOCONCHIDAE, BUXTONIINAE, AND JURESANIINAE (PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA)

Evolutionary relationships between the Echinoconchidae, Productidae, Buxtoniinae, and Juresaniinae (Phylum Brachiopoda, Order Productida) have been the subject of debate for the better part of a century. The original (Muir-Wood and Williams, 1965) and revised (Brunton et al., 2000) Brachiopoda volumes of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology use markedly different classifications and emphasize different characters. The 1965 Treatise classification for these taxa primarily was based on internal features, especially the cardinal process; the revised Treatise (2000) relied on external ornament and shell shape. Multiple phylogenetic analyses (global parsimony, stratocladistics, nearest-neighbor) of 14 genera, representing all of the relevant subfamilies and outgroups, are in strong agreement that 1) the subfamily Buxtoniinae belongs in the family Echinoconchidae, not to the Productidae; 2) the subfamily Juresaniinae is more closely related to the Echinoconchinae than to the Buxtoniinae; and 3) that internal characters, such as a shafted cardinal process and anterio-medial position of the brachial valve adductor field, provide the best phylogenetic signal, and are synapomorphic for the Echinoconchidae. Jackknifing and Bremer Support corroborate these results.
Microprocessor Synthesis

The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for translating an instruction set described in a high level language into a register-transfer structure of a microprocessor. The designer interacts with the translator through the constraints imposed on the design, and by giving the initial but not necessarily complete description of the structure. A microinstruction table, which specifies the control sequence, as well as the datapath structure is the output of the translator.
Investigation on Knowledge of Iodine Deficiency Disease and Consumption of Iodized Salt in Primary School of Zhongshan City

[Objective]To understand the status of knowledge of iodine deficiency disease and consumption of iodized salt among primary school of Zhongshan City,and provide scientific evidence for carrying out education of iodine deficiency disease prevention and interventions of iodized salt consumption.[Methods]By random sampling,1382 students from 3 to 5 grades and 150 teachers were selected to conduct questionnaire survey in 8 primary schools of 4 districts of Zhongshan City ,and 530 samples of iodized salt were tested on the scene.[Results]The average score of education of iodine deficiency disease prevention among students and teachers was 78.6±22.1 and 92.7±9.5 respectively,the qualified rates were 76.9% and 100%,and the full mark rates were 29.9% and 55.3%. The qualified rate and full mark rate of urban students were significantly higher than that of rural students(P0.01). The full mark rate of urban teachers was significantly higher than that of rural teathers (P0.01). The total score,qualified rate and full mark rate of the Grade 4 were significantly higher than those of other 2 grades. The correct answer rate of teachers was significantly higher than that of students (P0.05). The knowledge source of iodine deficiency disease for the students was mainly from school(75.3%),and that for teacher was mainly from the newspaper(74.7%).The consumption rate of iodized salt was 85% in students and teachers' families.[Conclusion]Taking effective measures to strengthen health eduction of iodine deficiency disease among students and teachers can provide reliable protection for consolidating the achivements of iodine deficiency disease control.
Genetic Basis and Resources Innovation of Super Rice Breeding in China

Developing super rice is an important approach to ensure the grain security of China.Based on the developmental history of the super rice breeding,the article summarized the recent progresses in the theory,genetic basis,germplasm and technical innovation of super rice breeding in China.The following developmental strategy of Chinese super rice breeding was also discussed,in which continuing to improve and devolop theory and combining molecular breeding technology with conventional breeding would be the key for super rice breeding in the future.
Computational Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure

The purpose of this section is to detail methods for the computational prediction of RNA secondary structure. This protocol is intended to provide an easy entry into the field of RNA structure prediction for those wishing to utilize it in their research and to suggest 'best practices' for going from sequence to secondary structure depending on the available data.
Better Algorithms for Counting Triangles in Data Streams

We present space-efficient data stream algorithms for approximating the number of triangles in a graph up to a factor 1+e. While it can be shown that determining whether a graph is triangle-free is not possible in sub-linear space, a large body of work has focused on minimizing the space required in terms of the number of triangles T (or a lower bound on this quantity) and other parameters including the number of nodes n and the number of edges m. Two models are important in the literature: the arbitrary order model in which the stream consists of the edges of the graph in arbitrary order and the adjacency list order model in which all edges incident to the same node appear consecutively. We improve over the state of the art results in both models. For the adjacency list order model, we show that ~O(e-2m/√T) space is sufficient in one pass and ~O(e-2m3/2/T) space is sufficient in two passes where the ~O(·) notation suppresses log factors. For the arbitrary order model, we show that ~O(e-2m/√T) space suffices given two passes and that ~O(e-2m3/2/T) space suffices given three passes and oracle access to the degrees. Finally, we show how to efficiently implement the "wedge sampling" approach to triangle estimation in the arbitrary order model. To do this, we develop the first algorithm for lp sampling such that multiple independent samples can be generated with O(polylog n) update time; this primitive is widely applicable and this result may be of independent interest.
Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Other Treatments on the Microbial Content and Keeping Quality of a Restaurant-Type Mexican Hot Sauce 1,2.

Spoiled and unspoiled restaurant-made Mexican hot sauces were examined for presence of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Studies to determine whether microorganisms isolated from the sauce could grow and cause spoilage were also carried out. The effects of potassium sorbate at various levels (0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) on the keeping quality of the sauce were also determined. Spoiled sauce had microbial counts 4 log-cycles higher than the unspoiled sauce. Bacteria were either very few or absent in all the samples and were unable to grow when reinoculated. The pH of the sauce was below 4.5. Yeasts increased after 10 d of incubation and were the main organisms that caused the spoilage. Potassium sorbate at .05% was inhibitory to yeasts in both original and inoculated sauces. Levels of 0.02 and 0.03% were only fungistatic. Benzoic acid at 0.05% was also inhibitory, while heating at 80°C for 10 min did not extend shelf life appreciably, and acidification to pH 3.5 increased shelf life only slightly.
Emergency department utilization and predictors of mortality for inpatient inguinal hernia repairs.

Abstract Background Although inguinal hernias are common surgical diagnoses, minimally symptomatic patients are often not scheduled for repairs and are asked to seek medical attention if they develop symptoms. We investigated factors associated with emergency department (ED) utilization for inguinal hernia repairs and determined whether ED utilization affected mortality for this otherwise electively treated condition. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the 2009-2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify patients who presented through the ED and were then admitted for unilateral inguinal hernia repairs. Multivariable logistic regressions that adjusted for several patient and hospital characteristics determined predictors of both ED admission and postoperative mortality. Results There were 116,357 inpatient hospitalizations. The majority (57%) resulted from ED admissions, of which most (85%) had a diagnosis of obstruction or gangrene. Notable predictors of ED admission from the multivariable analysis included obstruction (odds ratio, 9.77 [95% confidence interval: 9.05-10.55]), gangrene (18.24 [13.00-25.59]), Black race (1.47 [1.29-1.69]), Hispanic ethnicity (1.35 [1.18-1.54]), self-pay (2.29 [1.97-2.66]) and Medicaid insurance (1.76 [1.50-2.06]). While overall mortality decreased from 2.03% in 2009 to 1.36% in 2013, admission through the ED was independently associated with higher mortality compared with elective repair (1.67 [1.21-2.29]), even after adjusting for the diagnosis of obstruction and gangrene. Other predictors of mortality included patient age and comorbidities. Conclusions In our study, Black, Hispanic, and self-pay patients were more likely to present through the ED. After adjusting for obstruction or gangrene, simply presenting through the ED was independently associated with a 67% higher postoperative mortality rate compared with that of an elective operation. Our findings suggest both a difference in ED utilization and subsequent difference in mortality by patient race and ethnicity and insurance for this common surgical condition.
Time-driven activity-based costing for health care provider supply chains

ABSTRACTHealth care providers currently operate in an environment of complex supply chains and increasing costs where approximately one third of hospital operating expenses are related to supplies. It is pertinent that health care providers have a clear understanding of their supply chain process costs. Knowing how these costs are driven and where opportunities for cost reduction exist can support health care provider supply chain (HPSC) efficiency. In this article, we present a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) supply chain cost methodology for health care providers. A TDABC management system can provide health care providers with valuable product and process supply chain cost information by investigating logistics activities, resource consumption, and time drivers. Our HPSC TDABC methodology is demonstrated in a case study conducted for the supply chain department of a 200-bed, not-for-profit hospital.
Driver parameter estimation using joint E-/UKF and dual E-/UKF under nonlinear state inequality constraints

In the development of advanced driver-assist systems (ADAS) for lane-keeping, one important design objective is to appropriately share the steering control with the driver. Hence, the steering behavior of the driver must be well known beforehand. This paper adopts the well-known two-point visual driver model to characterize the steering behavior of the driver, and conducts a series of field tests to identify the model parameters to validate the two-point visual driver model in real scenarios. Both an extended Kalman filter and an unscented Kalman filter are implemented for estimating the unknown driver parameters, using a joint-state estimation algorithm and a dual estimation algorithm, and the results are compared.
Effect of Spironolactone on Exercise Tolerance and Arterial Function in Older Adults with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Objectives To evaluate the effects of an aldosterone antagonist on exercise intolerance in older adults with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Design Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Setting Academic medical center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Participants Older adults (N = 80, aged 71 ± 1; 80% female) with stable compensated HFpEF and controlled blood pressure (BP). Measurements Participants were randomized into a 9-month treatment of spironolactone 25 mg/d vs placebo. Assessments were peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO2), 6-minute walk test, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Doppler echocardiography, and vascular ultrasound. Results Seventy-one participants completed the trial: 37 in the spironolactone group and 34 in the placebo group. Adherence according to pill count was excellent (spironolactone 95%, placebo 97%). Mean spironolactone dose was 24.3 ± 2.9 mg/d and was well tolerated. Spironolactone significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP at rest and peak exercise. At 9-month follow-up, baseline-adjusted peak VO2, the primary outcome, was 13.5 ± 0.3 mL/kg per minute in the spironolactone group versus 13.9 ± 0.3 mL/kg per minute in the placebo group (adjusted mean difference −0.4 mL/kg per minute; 95% confidence interval = −1.1–0.4 mL/kg per minute; P = .38). The 95% confidence intervals of spironolactone's effect on peak VO2 (−8.2% to 3.2%) excluded a clinically significant beneficial effect. There were also no significant differences in 6-minute walk distance, arterial stiffness, left ventricular (LV) mass, LV mass/end-diastolic volume, or MLHFQ score. Conclusion In older adults with stable compensated HFpEF, 9 months of spironolactone 25 mg/d was well tolerated and reduced BP but did not improve exercise capacity, quality of life, LV mass, or arterial stiffness.
Explanation of multi-pulse behavior in an LTD based on compact PFNs

A six cavity inductive voltage adder with pulsed power incorporated into a single assembly, linear transformer driver (LTD), has been developed. Each LTD cavity is driven by a single pulse forming network and spark gap switch. The output pulse is approximately square in shape due to the pulse forming networks (PFNs) used for the drivers. In some cases, when unreliable switch firing occurred, multiple output pulses were observed. The pulses stem from each cavity firing at a different time. A circuit model which explains the multi-pulse behavior and details the current path is developed. This observation shows the potential for an LTD to discharge each cavity individually to the load thus providing extremely high repetition rates on a common cathode stalk.
A peptide mimetic of tyrosine phosphatase STEP as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.

Extensive research over the last two decades has advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. However, current pharmacologic therapies are still limited to rapid reperfusio...
An Evaluation of Complications in Femoral Arterial Sheaths Maintained Post-Neuroangiographic Procedures.

Background Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a frequently used technique in the neuro-diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. The routine use of femoral arterial sheaths (FAS) peri-procedurally has become standard. The maintenance of a FAS post-procedure may be warranted while awaiting the normalization of coagulopathy or to reaccess emergently. We retrospectively reviewed our stroke dataset to evaluate for complications associated with the prolonged use of FAS post-procedure. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed over a five-month period, including adult patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit (NSICU) following a neuro-endovascular procedure at a tertiary healthcare facility. The patients' age and sex along with catheter size, duration of sheath placement, coagulation status, usage of heparinized-saline, reuse of FAS for angiographic interventions, and closure technique employed when sheath was removed were recorded. FAS were maintained and evaluated by the neurocritical care team for vascular complications according to protocols. Furthermore, patients were categorized as delayed extubation when they remained intubated post-procedure. A spontaneous breathing trial was performed once FAS could be removed following evaluation. Data were expressed with descriptive statistics. Results One hundred and seventy-eight neuro-endovascular procedures were reviewed. Fourteen patients in which the sheaths were left in place for a prolonged period of time after the procedure were identified with seven (50%) having complications. The most common complication was delayed extubation, which was noted in all seven of the patients with complications. Bleeding complications were noted in four (28.6%). None had thromboembolic complications. Only one FAS was reaccessed for the evaluation of vasospasm and the introduction of intra-arterial verapamil. There was a linear increase in complications with the duration the catheter remained in place after the procedure. Conclusion The practice of keeping FAS in for a prolonged period of time following procedures should be evaluated given the association with direct and indirect complications and minimal need to reaccess the catheter after the procedure.
Permanent shunts from passing shadows: Reverse-bias damage in thin-film photovoltaic modules

Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules fabricated using monolithic integration (MLI) can be permanently damaged by certain shadows while current is flowing. These modules contain hundreds of series-connected solar cells. During outdoor service, each illuminated cell acts as a current source. When a shadow falls on a few cells, they operate in reverse bias to pass the current of the illuminated cells. This can be enough to convert benign flaws to permanent shunts. In this work we show that passing shadows from human bodies or cleaning tools can create hundreds of shunts in commercial PV products, reducing power output by 9% to 30%. We show that, in copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) PV cells, flaws with the potential to become permanent shunts can be identified nondestructively. These flaws appear as nodules or craters in the device and may originate from foreign particles.
Team Clinic: Group Approach to Care of Early Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends routine diabetes education and interaction with all members of the diabetes team, including diabetes nurse educators, dietitians, and mental health professionals, for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (1). The ADA also specifies that education and support for youth with type 1 diabetes should include families/caregivers. However, there is uncertainty in how to address these needs efficiently, effectively, and satisfactorily. Studies have confirmed difficulty incorporating behavioral specialists into diabetes care, with ∼30% of diabetes teams reporting no access to mental health professionals (2). Even centers with access to mental health providers struggle to efficiently incorporate them into routine care. Additionally, despite advances in diabetes management, A1C values increase during adolescence, and poor glycemic control begins earlier (in pre-adolescence) and lasts longer (until patients approach 30 years of age) than previously expected (3). Shared medical appointments, also known as group appointments, were initially designed to meet increasing demands on provider time and improve patient access to care. These appointments have also been found to successfully increase patient and provider satisfaction, strengthen follow-up rates, and improve outcomes in multiple patient populations (4–6). Shared medical appointments have been cited as an effective tool for empowering patients and have been recommended as a successful method for providing more patient-focused care (7). These findings have resulted in an expansion of shared medical appointments into the care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with positive findings (8–12). When considering the adolescent population with type 1 diabetes, increasing peer support has been suggested as an avenue to improve mental health and adherence with diabetes self-care (13–15), and group visits may be an efficient way to incorporate peer support into routine medical care while also meeting the goal of patients routinely seeing all …
Service supply chains for population health: Overcoming fragmentation of service delivery ecosystems.

Introduction Population health involves integration of health, education, and social services to keep a defined population healthy, to address health challenges holistically, and to assist with the realities of being mortal. The fragmentation of the US population health delivery system is addressed. The impacts of this fragmentation on the treatment of substance abuse in the United States are considered. Innovations needed to overcome this fragmentation are proposed. Approach Treatment capacity issues, including scheduling practices, are discussed. Costs of treatment and lack of treatment are considered. Models of integrated care delivery are reviewed. Potential innovations from systems science, behavioral economics, and social networks are considered. The implications of these innovations are discussed in terms of information technology (IT) systems and governance. Conclusions Enormous savings are possible with more integrated treatment. Based on a range of empirical findings, it is argued that investments of these resources in integrated delivery of care have the potential to dramatically improve health outcomes, thereby significantly reducing the costs of population health.
Neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease and age-related cognitive changes

Subclinical cerebrovascular disease is frequently identified in neuroimaging studies and is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders. Identifying the etiologies of different types of lesions may help investigators differentiate between age-related and pathological cerebrovascular damage in cognitive aging. In this review article, we aim to describe the epidemiology and etiology of various brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of vascular damage in cognitively normal, older adult populations. We focus here on population-based prospective cohort studies of cognitively unimpaired older adults, as well as discuss the heterogeneity of MRI findings and their relationships with cognition. This review article emphasizes the need for a better understanding of subclinical cerebrovascular disease in cognitively normal populations, in order to more effectively identify and prevent cognitive decline in our rapidly aging population.
Mandating Health Behaviors – How Far Should It Go?

ABSTRACTUsing Smoke-Free and Tobacco-Free policies on college and university campuses as an example this article discusses these initiatives in the context of the role of health educators and healt...
Development of a suitability assessment model for the cultivation of intertidal macroalgae in the United States.

Abstract The focus of this novel study was to determine the comparative suitability of intertidal macroalgae production along the coast of the contiguous United States and determine the optimal locations to consider commercial cultivation using geographic information systems (GIS) software. Intertidal macroalgae cultivation represents an immense opportunity in the United States. The market demand for macroalgae has been growing and is expected to continue with the discovery of new uses. Currently, the coastal waters of the United States are extremely underutilized, particularly for macroalgae production. This study considered economic and environmental factors at a national scale, finally assessing the viability in a representative body of water with in-situ water sampling. The results of this study suggest that intertidal macroalgae cultivation is most ideally suited for the southeastern United States, primarily due to lower costs of production and more hospitable coastlines. Based on a limited water quality samples, it is feasible for macroalgae cultivation. However, due to the informational deficits, as acknowledged in this study, more work is required to refine and enhance the assessment model. This paper identifies these gaps and lists recommendations to overcome these knowledge gaps.
Maternal Smoking and Infant Low Birth Weight: Exploring the Biological Mechanism Through the Mother’s Pre-pregnancy Weight Status

Maternal smoking has been found to adversely affect birth outcomes, such as increasing the odds of having low birth weight infants. However, the mechanisms explaining how a mother’s smoking is linked to a child’s low birth weight status are underexplored. This study merged two nationally representative datasets in the United States (US)—the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the NLSY79 Child and Young Adult (NLSYCYA)—to examine whether maternal weight status before pregnancy serves as a biological mechanism. We applied a recently developed mediation analysis technique to a data sample of 6550 mother–child pairs, and we compared the estimated coefficients across nested probability models. We found that maternal body mass index (BMI) (in kg/m2), a widely used measure of weight status, reduces the odds of delivering a low birth weight infant, and this mechanism explains about 10.2% of the adverse impact of maternal smoking on having a low birth weight child. Moreover, when categorizing maternal pre-pregnancy BMI into four weight statuses (i.e., underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese), we found that, in contrast to mothers with normal weight status, underweight mothers are 70% more likely to have a low birth weight child. Our findings suggest that maternal weight status plays a role in understanding how maternal smoking affects low birth weight outcome, indicating that maintaining a proper weight status for women who plan to give birth may be a possible policy to promote infant health.
Teaching Critical Moments within Neoliberal Universities: Exploring Critical Intercultural Communication Pedagogy

This study seeks to understand critical intercultural communication pedagogy (CICP) and the struggles associated with how to teach intercultural communication from a critical perspective. We explor...
The national burden of orthopedic injury: cross-sectional estimates for trauma system planning and optimization

Abstract Background Management of orthopedic injuries is a critical component of comprehensive trauma care. As patterns of injury incidence and recovery change in the face of emerging injury prevention efforts and technologies and an aging US population, assessment of the burden of orthopedic injury is essential to optimize trauma system planning. We sought to estimate the incidence of orthopedic injury requiring emergency orthopedic surgery in the United States. Methods Using nationally representative samples from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, we estimated the incidence of orthopedic injury, polytrauma with orthopedic injury, and emergency operative orthopedic procedures performed for the management of traumatic injury. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient, injury, and hospital characteristics associated with odds of emergency orthopedic surgery. Results A total of 7,214,915 patients were diagnosed with orthopedic injury in 2013-2014, resulting in 1,167,656 emergency orthopedic surgical procedures. Fall-related injuries accounted for 51% of health care encounters and 61% of emergency orthopedic surgical procedures. Odds of emergency orthopedic surgery were 2.04 times greater for patients with polytrauma, compared with isolated orthopedic injury (P Conclusions The total burden or orthopedic injury in the United States is substantial, and there is considerable heterogeneity in demand for care and practice patterns in the orthopedic trauma community. Population-based trauma system planning and tailored care delivery models would likely optimize initial treatment, recovery, and health outcomes for orthopedic trauma patients.
Rhetorical and Reviewing Acts of Transformation and Cunning (on a cloudy day)

No abstract available. Corrigendum Correction of: https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v40i1.7470 The authors of the editorial introduction entitled "Rhetorical and Reviewing Acts of Transformation and Cunning (on a cloudy day)" [ Disability Studies Quarterly Vol. 40, No. 1, 2020] incorrectly cited the publisher for Jay Dolmage's Disability Rhetoric. The correct publisher should read: Syracuse UP. The correction notice is published in Disability Studies Quarterly Vol. 40, No. 2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v40i2.7638 .
LEARNING TO SPOT A ZEBRA - CLASSIC PRESENTATION OF CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS DUE TO SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) EXACERBATION

Constrictive pericarditis is a serious complication of lupus, affecting only 2% of patients. This case illustrates a classic presentation of constrictive pericarditis secondary to SLE. 20 year old male with history of SLE presented to the hospital with pleuritic positional chest pain and shortness
E-084 Reconstructive and deconstructive endovascular treatment outcomes of carotid blowout syndrome

Introduction Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a rare but dreaded complication of head and neck cancer with high mortality. Management of CBS requires a multidisciplinary approach; nevertheless, endovascular therapy remains the cornerstone in rendering hemostasis. Literature routinely describes successful hemostasis with either deconstructive (artery take down) or reconstructive (stenting or bypass) approach. Previous retrospective analysis suggests that outcomes are predicted by clinical severity at presentation, not treatment type. Methods Single-center, retrospective case review of endovascular treatment of CBS and outcome at University of California, Irvine. Results Five cases of CBS were identified between 2012 to 2017. All patients were head and neck cancer treated with radiation. Of the five cases, one case failed to identify the source of bleeding which required open surgical ligation. In the remaining four patients, three achieved hemostasis with reconstruction, while the fourth was treated with deconstruction. In one of the three cases, reconstructive over deconstructive technique was chosen because the patient had bilateral lesions and previous embolization at the bleeding site failed to maintain hemostasis. All four patients were discharged from the hospital without any further complications related to the procedure achieving hemostasis. Perioperative mortality, stroke and infection rate was not identified. In the case of surgical ligation, the patient developed minor local site infection which was treated with antibiotics successfully. Endovascular approaches permit evaluation of collateral circulation in situations where target artery warrants take down. Therefore, concurrent cerebral angiogram with endovascular therapy by way of stenting or sacrificing the target artery with embolic materials has become the alternative in otherwise inoperable condition as an emergent standard of care. The figure shows an illustrative case of CBS with massive contrast extravasation (A), which was treated with a balloon mounted covered stent (B) due to bilateral lesions, and complete hemostasis was achieved (C). Conclusion In our retrospective study we demonstrate continued endovascular therapy as a means of treatment for CBS to achieve emergent hemostasis. As previous literature describes successful hemostasis with either deconstructive or reconstructive technique; herein we describe four cases that required endovascular intervention with successful emergent hemostasis. Disclosures A. Sweidan: None. A. Schnure: None. I. Yuki: None. R. Fujitani: None. S. Suzuki: None.
How Biomedical Citizen Scientists Define What They Do: It's All in the Name.

As citizen science continues to grow in popularity, there remains disagreement about what terms should be used to describe citizen science activities and participants. The question of how to self-i...
Kinetic characterization and structure analysis of an altered polyol dehydrogenase with d-lactate dehydrogenase activity

During adaptive metabolic evolution a native glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) acquired a d-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Two active-site amino acid changes were detected in the altered protein. Biochemical studies along with comparative structure analysis using an X-ray crystallographic structure model of the protein with the two different amino acids allowed prediction of pyruvate binding into the active site. We propose that the F245S alteration increased the capacity of the glycerol binding site and facilitated hydrogen bonding between the S245 γ-O and the C1 carboxylate of pyruvate. To our knowledge, this is the first GDH to gain LDH activity due to an active site amino acid change, a desired result of in vivo enzyme evolution.
2D correlations in the van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr3 using high frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Broadening the knowledge and understanding on the magnetic correlations in van der Waals layered magnets is critical in realizing their potential next-generation magneto-electronic applications. In this study, we employ high-frequency (ν = 240 GHz) electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy on plate-like quasi two-dimensional (2D) CrBr3 to gain insight into the magnetic interactions as a function of temperature (4–200 K) and the angle of rotation. We find that the temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth is well described by the Ginzburg–Landau critical model, indicative of the presence of 2D correlations. Furthermore, our findings show that the resonance field follows a ( 3 cos 2 θ − 1 )-like angular dependence, while the linewidth follows a ( 3 cos 2 θ − 1 ) 2-like angular dependence, a behavior indicative of 2D correlations that are likely due to the interaction of the external magnetic field applied during the ESR experiment. This study demonstrates the significance of employing spin sensitive techniques such as ESR to better understand the magnetic correlations in similar van der Waals magnets.
The dual mediating roles of impulsivity and emotion regulation of the borderline personality disorder-violence relationship: A structural equation modeling approach

Although the past research has indicated that features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) increase the risk for violence, much less research has examined the mediators of this relationship. This study examined the mediating roles that impulsivity and emotion dysregulation may play in explaining the relationship between BPD and violence. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to estimate the direct effect of BPD features on violent offending risk and to examine the mediating roles of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Results indicated that the direct effect of BPD symptoms on violence was mediated to non-significance by key constructs, and the magnitude of the effect was reduced by around 40%. The total indirect effect was significant, and the mediation was attributed mainly to impulsivity. This indicates the importance of structuring treatment programming for BPD patients around impulsivity for reducing violence. Programming focused on improving impulsivity among individuals suffering from BPD may aid in reducing violent offending among this population, particularly those prior histories of involvement with the criminal justice system.
LIPID-SPECIFIC LATENT FINGERPRINT DETECTION : FINGERPRINTS ON CURRENCY

We describe a lipid-specific lanthanide-based method of latent fingerprint detection, specifically its application to fingerprints on currency. In the counterfeiting context, the method allows one to distinguish between fingerprints placed on the paper before and after the ink deposition.
Identification of very early lymphoid precursors in bone marrow and their regulation by estrogen.

Estrogen is a negative regulator of lymphopoiesis and provides an experimental tool for probing relationships between lymphocyte precursors and stem cells. We found that expression of lymphocyte-associated genes and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement occurred before CD45R acquisition. Lymphoid-restricted progenitors that were Lin−IL-7Rα+c-kitloTdT+ (lineage marker−, interleukin receptor 7α+, c-kitlo and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase+) were selectively depleted in estrogen-treated mice; within a less differentiated Lin−c-kithi fraction, functional precursors of B and T, but not myeloid, cells were also selectively depleted. TdT and an Ig heavy chain transgene were detected within a hormone-regulated Lin−c-kithiSca-1+CD27+Flk-2+IL-7Rα− subset of this multipotential progenitor population. Identification of these extremely early lymphoid precursors should facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanisms that control lineage-fate decisions in hematopoiesis.
Studies of ovarian progestin in intact and hemicastrated young rats.

Abstract The amounts of progesterone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one present in ovarian tissue and ovarian venous effluent were determined for 36- and 50-day-old intact rats, for 36-day-old rats that had been hemiovariectomized 2 weeks previously and for 50-day-old rats that had been operated on 2 and 4 weeks earlier. The in vitro capacities of ovaries from these rats for incorporating acetate-1-14C into progestational steroids were also measured. All parameters were stimulated in response to hemiovariectomy. However, secretion rates were stimulated much more strikingly after operation than were tissue content of progestin or in vitro ability to incorporate acetate into progestational compounds.
An Introduction to Similarity

With iterated error functions we have already greatly expanded our vocabulary of solutions of the diffusion equation. The question is, however, whether or not any useful further expansion should be expected. The study of physical symmetries provides a partial answer, and that study is called similarity. In essence, we shall find that the linear diffusion equation in one dimension has two types of solutions: superpositions either of iterated error functions or of trigonometric functions, otherwise known as Fourier series. The strength of similarity methods lies in their applicability to nonlinear problems as well. This chapter continues with more physical examples, including exact solutions for the kinetics of certain first-order phase transformations and of diffusion problems where the diffusivity depends on the field. In contrast, Chaps. 7 and 8 describe deductive methods for the solution of diffusion problems.
Basic Properties and Definitions

This chapter discusses some basic definitions and operations associated with sets. A set is a well-defined collection of objects or things. The objects in the set are called elements or members of the set. The concept of a set can be considered the starting point for all the branches of mathematics. Sets are usually denoted by capital letters and elements of sets by lower-case letters. To show an element is contained in a set, the symbol Є is used. That is, x Є A is read as x is an element (member) of set A or x is contained in A. In x ∉ A , the symbol ∉ is read as x is not a member of A . If set A is a subset of set B , then it is written as A ⊂ B , if every element in A is also an element of B. That is, A ⊂ B if A is contained in B . The set with no members is called empty or null set. It is denoted by the symbol O. The empty set is considered a subset of every set. The chapter illustrates the union and intersection of two sets using Venn diagrams. It presents the definitions of real numbers and discusses the properties of real numbers. The chapter discusses the rules for addition and subtraction of real numbers and the justification for these rules.
Impact of Disclosure and Corporate Governance on the Association between Fair Value Gains and Losses and Stock Returns in the Commercial Banking Industry

An effective risk management process enables a bank‘s management to measure and monitor risk, generate credible data, use sophisticated tools and provide fair value estimates, potentially of higher quality. Although the actual risk management process is unobservable to outsiders, disclosure relating to the risk management activities and corporate governance that monitors it reveals its effectiveness to the market participants. Using the association between stock returns and fair value gains and losses (FVGL) as a measure of the quality of the fair value estimates, this paper investigates whether the FVGL-returns association is a function of disclosure and corporate governance for a sample of 180 US commercial banks for the period 2003-2005. I find that disclosure has a positive effect on the FVGL-returns association. The effect of corporate governance is more subtle and indirect through the medium of disclosure. Analysis by type of risk shows that the impact of disclosing modeling of interest rate risk, credit risk and derivatives risk on the FVGL-returns association is increasing in the bank‘s exposure to these risks. Overall, evidence suggests that disclosure aids market participants directly, whereas corporate governance aids market participants indirectly (via disclosures) in evaluating the quality of fair value estimates.
A nonlocal convective flux limiter for upwind‐biased finite volume simulations

SUMMARY Finite volume methods on structured and unstructured meshes commonly use second-order, upwind-biased linear reconstruction schemes to approximate the convective terms. Limiters are employed to reduce the inherent variable overshoot and undershoot of these schemes in discontinuous regions; however, they also can significantly increase the numerical dissipation of a solution in smooth regions. This paper presents a novel nonlocal, nonmonotonic (NLNM) limiter developed by enforcing cell minima and maxima on dependent variable values projected to cell faces. The minimum and maximum values for a cell are determined primarily through recursive reference to the minimum and maximum values of its upwind neighbors. The new limiter has been implemented into an existing flow solver. Various test cases are presented, which highlight the ability of the NLNM limiter to eliminate nonphysical oscillations while maintaining negligible levels of limiter-induced dissipation into the solution. Results from the new limiter are compared with those from other limited and unlimited second-order upwind and first-order upwind schemes. For the cases examined in the study, the NLNM limiter was found to improve accuracy without significantly decreasing overall simulation efficiency and robustness.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary nucleotides: effects on the gastrointestinal system in swine.

Nucleotides in the intestinal lumen may decrease the inflammatory response to ischemia-reperfusion. In a newborn-swine model, we showed that perfusion of the intestinal lumen with nucleotides in concentrations similar to those in human milk induced hyperemia. The levels of hypoxanthine (and xanthine) were not increased in the presence of nucleotides during ischemia-reperfusion, and the number of leukocytes accumulated in the intestine was reduced in the presence of nucleotides. Furthermore, nucleotides may have decreased protein leak and the production of nitric oxide during ischemia. These effects are not changed significantly in the presence of an adenosine antagonist
A supervisor module for an autonomous vehicle

The implementation of a supervising intelligence for an autonomous vehicle has begun. Several concepts and tools from the artificial intelligence community are being adapted in order to accomplish this goal. PROLOG was chosen as the implementation language due to its ability to perform symbolic computations and its availability on a Motorola 68000 development system. The concept of using frames for knowledge representation is being investigated. Testing of the Supervisor will be accomplished in a multi-process vehicle simulation. Each process in the simulation represents a module in the future vehicle. These processes are designed to run in either a standalone mode (communicating with files for testing) or as members of the simulation family. In either case, the module specific code within each process will not require recompilation or alteration.
The Effect of Minimum Wages on Labour Market Outcomes: County-Level Estimates from the Restaurant-and-Bar Sector

We use US county‐level data on employment and earnings in the restaurant‐and‐bar sector to evaluate the impact of minimum‐wage changes in low‐wage labour markets. Our estimated models are consistent with a simple competitive model in which supply‐and‐demand factors affect both the equilibrium outcome and the probability of the minimum wage being binding. Our evidence does not suggest that minimum wages reduce employment once controls for trends in county‐level sectoral employment are incorporated. Rather, employment appears to exhibit an independent downward trend in states that have increased their minimum wages relative to states that have not, thereby predisposing estimates towards reporting negative outcomes.
The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L38

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the rat 60S ribosomal protein L38 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in three recombinant cDNAs. Ribosomal protein L38 has 69 amino acids (the NH2-terminal methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA) and has a molecular weight of 8,081. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 11–13 copies of the L38 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 450 nucleotides in length.
Survival rate and life span of rhesus monkeys at the Yerkes regional primate research center

This paper describes the survival rates of 763 rhesus monkeys maintained at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center (YRPRC). The survival rates were determined by methods used to calculate survival rates of human populations. The monkeys were divided into 3 groups based on their specific life histories. Group I monkeys were wild-born and were housed singly from the time they came into captivity at about 2 years of age. Group II monkeys were born either in the wild or in captivity and were housed in social groups since their acquisition at ages 2 to 8 years. Group III monkeys were born at the YRPRC and housed in social groups. Due to these differences in life histories, direct comparisons among survival curves of the 3 groups are, at best, tenuous, as are comparisons with populations maintained at other facilities. In the present study the highest mortality rate occurred during the first month of life. The maximum life span attained in our group I was 35 years, with only 6.2% of monkeys in this group attaining an age beyond 30 years.