cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Long-Term Mortality and Amputation after Open and Endovascular Treatment of Acute Limb Ischemia.

Background Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a highly morbid and fatal vascular emergency with little known about contemporary, long-term patient outcomes. The goal was to determine predictors of long-term mortality and amputation after open and endovascular treatment of ALI. Methods A retrospective review of ALI patients at a single institution from 2005 to 2011 was performed to determine the impact of revascularization technique on 5-year mortality and amputation. For each main outcome 2 multivariable models were developed; the first adjusted for preoperative clinical presentation and procedure type, the second also adjusted for postoperative adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 445 limbs in 411 patients were treated for ALI. Interventions included surgical thrombectomy (48%), emergent bypass (18%), and endovascular revascularization (34%). Mean age was 68 ± 15 years, 54% were male, and 23% had cancer. Most patients presented with Rutherford classification IIa (54%) or IIb (39%). The etiology of ALI included embolism (27%), in situ thrombosis (28%), thrombosed bypass grafts (32%), and thrombosed stents (13%). Patients treated with open procedures had significantly more advanced ischemia and higher rates of postoperative respiratory failure, whereas patients undergoing endovascular interventions had higher rates of technical failure. Rates of postprocedural bleeding and cardiac events were similar between both treatments. Excluding Rutherford class III patients (n = 12), overall 5-year mortality was 54% (stratified by treatment, 65% for thrombectomy, 63% for bypass, and 36% for endovascular, P Conclusions After the treatment of ALI, long-term mortality and amputation rates were greater in patients treated with open techniques; OR patients presented with a higher number of comorbidities and advanced ischemia, while also experiencing a higher rate of major postoperative complications. Overall, mortality rates remained high and were most strongly associated with baseline comorbidities, acuity of presentation, and perioperative AEs, particularly respiratory failure. Comparatively, amputation risk was most highly associated with advanced ischemia, thrombosed bypass, and failure of the initial revascularization procedure.
Cyclosporine A in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Dual Anti-leukemic and Immunosuppressive Role?

The association of hemolytic anemia and other autoimmune cytopenias with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well known. The etiology of these immune syndromes is still uncertain, despite evidence that the putative cell of origin of the B-CLL cell produces naturally occurring autoantibodies. Cyclosporine A is effective in treating the immune manifestations associated with CLL and, occasionally, has shown anti-leukemic activity. We report two cases in which cyclosporine A treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia resulted in reduction of CLL cell burden. We then discuss the possible mechanism of action of cyclosporine A and the nature of the autoimmune processes involved.
Precision tracking with segmentation for imaging sensors

Precision target tracking based on data obtained from imaging sensors when the target is not fully visible during tracking is addressed. The image is divided into several layers of gray level intensities and thresholded. A binary image is obtained and grouped into clusters using image segmentation. The association of the various clusters to the track to be estimated relies on both the motion and pattern recognition characteristics of the target. The centroid measurements of the clusters and the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) are employed for state estimation. Expressions for the single-frame-based centroid measurement noise variance of the target cluster and the optimal parameters for cluster segmentation are given. Simulation results validate the expressions for the measurement noise variance as well as the performance predictions of the tracking method. For a dim synthetic target with strong background noise, subpixel accuracy in the range of 0.3-0.4 pixel RMS error with moderate
Janiceps Conjoined Twins with Extreme Asymmetry: Case Report with Complete Autopsy and Histopathologic Findings:

Conjoined twinning is a rare form of twinning, in which 2 bodies are attached, and is classified according to the anatomic place of attachment. An extremely rare form of conjoined twinning is janiceps conjoined twinning, in which 2 faces are attached but oriented in opposite directions. In this report, we present an unusual and difficult-to-classify case of conjoined male twins with partial duplication of craniofacial, upper oropharyngeal, and cardiac organs. We believe this to be one of the few reported cases of janiceps asymmetrus. We describe in detail the gross and microscopic pathology and offer some insights into the possible embryogenesis and distinction from the other rare form of conjoined twinning with facial duplication, diprosopus.
Selenium accumulation patterns in lotic and lentic aquatic systems

Selenium (Se) concentrations in water column, sediment and insect compartments were measured over 3 years, in conjunction with selected physicochemical parameters, from lotic (flowing water) and lentic (standing water) sites within a single watershed in Utah, USA. There was evidence for steady-state concentrations of total [Se] in the insects, sediment and detritus, while there was no correlation between these concentrations and the concentration in surface water. Insect Se burden may therefore provide a more accurate measurement of food web accumulation risk than surface water Se concentration. The importance of organism-specific factors on Se transfer to higher trophic levels was revealed by the steady-state Se body burden within the same insect taxa occupying similar environmental compartments in both aquatic systems. Additionally, however, insect Se body burdens, even within similar taxa, were up to 7 times greater within the lentic compared with the lotic system, and site-specific biogeochemical processes are also likely to play a role in the pattern and level of Se accumulation between hydrogeochemically different aquatic systems occurring within the same watershed. Though a site-specific relationship was apparent between organic content and sediment and detritus Se concentrations, this factor did not account for insect Se accumulation differences between the lotic and lentic aquatic habitats. If carbon content is to be used as a site-specific predictor of Se accumulation potential, further investigations of it's influence on the food web accumulation rate of Se are required.
Peers, stereotypes and health communication through the cultural lens of adolescent Appalachian mothers

The purpose of this study was to understand how young Appalachian mothers retrospectively construct sexual and reproductive health communication events. Sixteen in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with mothers between the ages of 18 and 22 from the South Central Appalachian region of the USA. Findings indicate that within this population, peer influence, stereotypes medical encounters and formal health education are experienced within a culture that exhibits tension between normalising and disparaging adolescent sexuality. Theoretical and applied implications acknowledge the role of Appalachian cultural values, including egalitarianism, traditional gender roles and fatalism, in understanding the social construction of young people's sexuality in this region. Practical implications for sexual education and the nature of communication in the healthcare setting can be applied to current education curricula and medical communication practices. We suggest that future programmes may be more effective if they are adapted to the specific culture within which they are taught.
The AAN and the triple aim.

The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) has long been a leader among medical professional societies in being dedicated to providing tools aimed at improving the quality of neurologic care. Since the emergence of a Federal call for evidence-based guidelines in the early 1990s, AAN subcommittees have produced almost 200 guidelines using the most stringent systematic review methods. More recently, other AAN subcommittees translated some of our guidelines into quality indicators for several neurologic disorders (e.g., epilepsy, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, distal symmetrical neuropathy). This set of tools is aimed at helping neurologists in ambulatory care settings improve quality, which should, if well-implemented, lead to improved health outcomes.
EpidAnalysis of emiological Investigation and Control Measures of Dysentery Outbreak in Taihu County

Objective To understand management of public health emergencies,improve emergency management in rural areas and provide useful experience for other similar areas.Methods Effect of countermeasures and impact on community was assessed after an outbreak of dysentery occurred in a junior middle school.The lesson was learned.Result The outbreak of dysentery was caused by one expose.No case occurred after the outbreak was taken under control.Investigation and management of the outbreak was very timely and effective.Conclusions For the outbreak management,rapid responses were fundamental,leadership were the key and effective measure neeie guarantee.Prevention should be fundamental to prevent outbreak.
CDC Health Information Management System for Examination Development and Applicat ion

Objective In order to collect information practitioners physical examination,Liver function chemical examination the other target detection,health certificates print automate the entire process of management,implementation of automated medical business management,information and standardization. We have developed and applied healthy physical examination information management system. Methods The system uses the C/S structure,The interface frame adopt Powerbuilder 8.0 implements go along to develop,Module application has adopt Delphi 7.0 implements go along to develop systematically. Results The use of the system can greatly improve the management of healthy medical staff efficiency,enabling the management of physical examination is more accurate and comprehensive,perfect and standardize. Conclusion Improve efficiency,standardize the work processes,to achieve a systematic physical examination information,procedures and scientific.
Temperature-Modulated Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on the Extremities: A One-Year Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUNDThe efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) is lower on the distal extremities compared with head and neck areas. A recent pilot study demonstrated increased efficacy of ALA PDT when the skin is warmed dur
Effects of Forage Species on Milk Protein Production by Lactating Dairy Cows1

Abstract Eighteen multiparous early lactation Holstein cows were assigned to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 28-d periods to evaluate milk protein production potential when corn silage ( CS ) or small grain silage ( SGS ) was added to diets based on alfalfa silage ( AS ). Treatments consisted of all AS, a mixture of AS and CS, or a mixture of AS and SGS. Treatment diets were isonitrogenous, isofibrous, and contained maximal amounts of carbohydrates to challenge the milk protein production of cows under intensive milk production systems fed these forages. Lactation performance, milk composition, nutrient intakes, and diet digestibilities were measured. There were no significant differences in milk yield of the cows fed diets containing AS, CS, or SGS. Cows fed diets containing all AS-produced milk with a higher fat percentage than did cows fed CS, and cows fed diets containing all AS produced more milk fat and protein than cows fed CS or SGS. There were no significant differences in the percentage of casein, whey protein, or true protein in milk when cows were fed AS, CS, or SGS. There were also no significant differences in the percentage or production of lactose or solids-not-fat when cows were fed diets containing different silages. Similarly, there were no significant differences in DMI or dietary DM digestibility by cows when fed diets containing different silages. Data suggest that adding CS or SGS to AS-based diets does not improve DMI, lactation performance, or milk protein production of lactating cows.
Bridging and chelating diphosphine ligands in Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(P-P). X-ray diffraction structures of Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(dmpe) and Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(bpcd)

Treatment of the azavinylidene-bridged cluster Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)10 (1) with the diphosphine ligand bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) gives Ru3( μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(dmpe) (2) in moderate yield, while the ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) reacts with Ru3( μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)10 in the presence of Me3NO to furnish Ru3( μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(bpcd) (3) in low yield. Each new cluster has been isolated and characterized in solution by IR and NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopies, and the coordination mode exhibited by the ancillary diphosphine ligand in 2 and 3 has been established by X-ray crystallography. Ru3( μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(dmpe) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, a = 10.791(1) A, b = 16.377(1) A, c = 18.148(1) A, β = 96.675(2)°, V = 3185.3(4) A3, Z = 4, D cacl = 1.791 Mg/m3; R = 0.0360, R w = 0.0866 for 7522 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)8(bpcd) crystallizes, as the CH2Cl2 solvate, in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ , a = 11.956(1) A, b = 14.228(1) A, c = 31.409(3) A, α = 89.377(2)°, β = 79.344(2)°, γ = 77.235(2)°, V = 5118.4(8) A3, Z = 2, D calc = 1.670 Mg/m3; R = 0.0557, R w = 0.1069 for 10977 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The structural details of clusters 2 and 3 are contrasted with Ru3(μ-H)(μ-N=CPh2)(CO)7(μ-dppm)(η-dppm), which is the only known structurally characterized phosphine-substituted cluster of this genre.
Multifaceted Therapeutic Value of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. – Malvaceae)

Approximately two-thirds of the world’s population rely on a great variety of plants used in ­various systems of traditional medicine for the treatment of diverse diseases and ailments Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), also known as hibiscus or “sour tea,” is a tropical plant which is used throughout the world as a source of nutritious sustenance to humans, but which can also possess important therapeutic value. Roselle calyces are used in the traditional medicine of various countries to treat a wide variety of diseases. Roselle extracts are employed in various countries for the treatment of several diseases and ­ailments, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, liver diseases, and certain types of cancer. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological actions of Roselle extracts possess strong antioxidant activity which can have various therapeutic applications against chronic and or degenerative diseases.
PTSD is associated with elevated inflammation: any impact on clinical practice?

ABSTRACT FROM: Passos IC, Vasconcelos-Moreno MP, Costa LG, et al. Inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Lancet Psychiatry 2015;2:1002–12. Accumulating evidence indicates that elevated inflammation may play a causal role in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and in PTSD-related increased risk for cardiovascular, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.1 ,2 At the same time, studies examining levels of inflammatory markers in individuals with PTSD have had mixed results, with most showing higher but others showing similar or even lower levels of inflammation in individuals with PTSD compared with healthy controls.1 To summarise and make sense of this literature, Passos et al compared levels of inflammatory markers between people with and without PTSD using meta-analytic techniques. All potentially eligible cross-sectional or longitudinal studies published between January 1960 and April 2015 were identified in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and in the reference lists of relevant papers. From 8058 identified articles, the …
Inspiriting Flesh/Fleshing Out Spirit: Bodies, Bondage, and the Morant Bay Rebellion

This chapter materializes around the concept-metaphor of the “spirit” to parse the troubled and recent past of slavery in the Caribbean, leading to the Morant Bay Rebellion and its aftermath, including the labor struggles and nationalist agitation of the 1930s–1940s. The early 1860s witnessed a resurgence of ancestral, millenarian, and revival religions, including Native Baptist denominations, the Afro-Creole religion Myal, and African spirit religions based on ancestor worship more generally. These spirit-based religions directly influenced the Morant Bay Rebellion leaders, who were both Baptist preachers, as well as later representations of the event. I first track the uncanny manifestation of the Haitian Revolution in texts on rebellion in the Caribbean. The variously terrifying and welcome specter of Haiti, a reminder of both black enslavement and black resistance, haunts the mid-nineteenth-century dispute between Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill, and its repetition in the late nineteenth-century debate between James Anthony Froude and John Jacob Thomas. It also haunts the proliferation of C.L.R. James’s textual representations, or more accurately revisitations, of the Haitian Revolution in his plays Toussaint Louverture (1934) and The Black Jacobins (1967). I argue that within all these texts both slavery and black insurrection constitute imperial capitalism’s very modernity, even as they are seen as “premodern” and atavistic. I then examine the Afro-Creole religion Myal’s deconstruction of the primacy of being and its attention to the figure of the ghost, or more accurately to the act of inspiriting, as an ethical responsibility to the “other” through a critique of colonial biopolitics, as seen in Roger Mais’s play “George William Gordon, a Historical Play in 14 Scenes” (1947) and Claude McKay’s poem “George William Gordon to the Oppressed Natives” (1912). I end the chapter with a focus on the representation, in both the aesthetic and political sense, of a mid-century creole anti-colonial nationalism that constituted a “spirit of the age,” and that drew its impetus from trade unionism. In a reading of V.S. Reid’s novel New Day (1949) and two poems from Una Marson’s collection The Moth and the Stars (1937), I argue that while Reid constructs the longed-for nation-state as constituted by family land and thus as part of this masculinized creole nationalist project, Marson more ambivalently reads it as potentially disruptive of family land, and thereby seems at moments to bring that nationalist project into question.
Slicer and process improvements for open-source GMAW-based metal 3-D printing

Abstract Low-cost gas metal arc welding (GMAW)-based 3-D printing has proven effective at additive manufacturing steel and aluminum parts. Early success, however, was based on hand-writing G-code, which is inadequate for the majority of potential users. To enable automated slicing a 3-D model and generating G-code for an acceptable path for GMAW 3-D printing, this paper reports on upgrading of the free and open source CuraEngine. The new slicer, MOSTMetalCura, provides the following novel abilities necessary for GMAW 3-D printing: i) change the perimeter metric from width to track count, ii) avoid movement that overlaps previous weld beads, iii) have infill start immediately after the perimeter finished and in the direction that eliminates translations, iv) add a variable pause between layers to allow for substrate cooling, v) configure GPIO pins to turn on/off the welder, and vi) set optimized wire feed speed and voltage of the welder based on printing speed, layer height, filament diameter, and tool track width. The process for initiating these changes are detailed and the new slicer is used to help improve the function of the printer for ER70S-6 steel. To find the printing function with the smallest bead width based on volume of material, the line width, layer height, and printing speed are varied to provide wire feed speed calculated by MOSTMetalCura, then the settings are used to print 3-D models. The results of 3-D printing three case study objects of increasing geometric complexity using the process methodology improvements presented, which show resolution of 1 mm bead widths.
Ethics and Social Media: Professional Considerations for the School Psychologist

Given the widespread use of social media by school psychologists and the clients they serve, it is essential that school psychologists are knowledgeable about the potential benefits and risks associated with its use. Social media offers a powerful tool to improve practice in many ways, such as supporting professional collaboration, enhancing communication, and innovating treatment strategies. However, if not used carefully, practitioners’ engagement with social media may inadvertently result in ethical missteps or diminished professional effectiveness. This article outlines major ethical considerations related to the personal and professional use of social media by school psychologists. Implications for school psychology training and practice are described.
Nonviolent Perspectives Within the Abrahamic Religions

While Allport (1950) noted that empirical psychology and religion separated early in the history of psychology, he recognized that “there is inherent absurdity in supposing that psychology and religion, both dealing with the outward reaching of man’s mind, must be permanently and hopelessly at odds” (p. x). Religion is a significant aspect in the lives of billions of people. As was shown in Chap. 4, Eastern religions have much to offer in our understanding of intrapersonal nonviolence. Over half of the world’s population follow one of the four Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Baha’i so these faiths can undoubtedly assist us in our grasp of nonviolence and peace psychology.
The Environmental Chemistry of Cadmium

Cadmium (Cd), atomic number 48, is in Group IIb of the Periodic Table of the elements. It is greatest in chemical similarity to the other Group IIb elements, zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg), with which it is commonly associated in natural geologic settings. The ground state electronic configuration of Cd can be listed in an abbreviated form as [Kr].4d 10.5s 2, where the [Kr] denotes the electronic ground state for krypton, the noble gas preceding Cd in the Periodic Table. The full ground state electron configuration for Cd is depicted graphically in Figure 2.1. Loss of the pair of 5s electrons corresponds to a total ionisation potential of 25.83 ev (Cotton and Wilkinson, 1966) a stable electronic structure of a filled outer d shell (4d 10) and a positive valence of 2. Thus Cd(II) is the most common valence of Cd in aquatic natural environments and virtually the only valence of Cd in aquatic systems (Baes and Mesmer, 1976).
Jordan: Quotas and Change in Women’s Political Representation

In this chapter, Bush provides an overview of women’s political representation in Jordan. Situating the overview within a general discussion of authoritarian politics, Bush discusses women’s right to run for political office and patterns in women’s representation over time. The chapter pays special attention to debates about gender quotas in Jordan. An exploration of what kinds of women get elected to political office and the contours of public opinion towards women’s representation sheds light on questions about the impact of women’s political presence. Bush concludes by suggesting directions for future research on women and politics in Jordan.
Heme biosynthesis and trafficking

Heme is an essential cofactor involved in a plethora of vital functions. Heme is required to be in most subcellular compartments, but the way, in which it is transported from the mitochondria - its site of synthesis - to those compartments is poorly understood. Utilizing ratiometric, fluorescent heme sensors, we found that the GTPases in control of mitochondrial fusion, Mgm1 and fission, Dnm1, are positive and negative regulators of heme trafficking to the nucleus, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered that mitochondrial network morphology is under the control of heme biosynthesis. Our results indicate that mitochondrial dynamics and heme trafficking are integrally coupled.
How much are electric vehicles driven

The prospect for electric vehicles as a climate change solution hinges on their ability to reduce gasoline consumption. But this depends on how many miles electric vehicles are driven and on how ma...
Task-Evoked Pupillary Responses in Nursing Simulation as an Indicator of Stress and Cognitive Load

Abstract Background There are no studies identifying specific tasks in a simulation that increase stress and cognitive workload. Methods This was a two-group comparative study of Novice and Expert Nurses participating in simulation using pupillometry to measure stress and cognitive load associated with specific tasks. Results Significantly higher stress was found in the Novices for four of the six expected tasks, specifically interventional tasks requiring clinical judgment. Conclusions The Novices had greater stress on interventional type tasks. Simulations with more emphasis on interventional tasks in which the nursing student is the sole decider of interventions may decrease stress and enhance performance.
The mammalian kinetochore–microtubule interface: robust mechanics and computation with many microtubules

The kinetochore drives chromosome segregation at cell division. It acts as a physical link between chromosomes and dynamic microtubules, and as a signaling hub detecting and processing microtubule attachments to control anaphase onset. The mammalian kinetochore is a large macromolecular machine that forms a dynamic interface with the many microtubules that it binds. While we know most of the kinetochore's component parts, how they work together to give rise to its robust functions remains poorly understood. Here we highlight recent findings that shed light on this question, driven by an expanding physical and molecular toolkit. We present emerging principles that underlie the kinetochore's robust microtubule grip, such as redundancy, specialization, and dynamicity, and present signal processing principles that connect this microtubule grip to robust computation. Throughout, we identify open questions, and define simple engineering concepts that provide insight into kinetochore function.
Dry needling equilibration theory: A mechanistic explanation for enhancing sensorimotor function in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

Patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) experience a dynamic interplay between impaired mechanical structures and sensorimotor deficiencies that contribute to recurrent sprains and sensations...
An Open Source Cloud-Based NoSQL and NewSQL Database Benchmarking Platform for IoT Data.

Internet of Things (IoT) is continually expanding, and the information being transmitted through IoT is often in large-scale in both volume and velocity. With its evolution, IoT raises new challenges such as throughput and scalability of software and database working with it. This is the reason that traditional techniques for data management and database operations cannot adopt the new challenges from IoT data. We need an efficient database system that can handle, store, and retrieve continuous, high-speed, and large-volume data, perform various database operations, and generate quick results. Recent developments of database technologies such as NoSQL and NewSQL database provides promising solutions to IoT. This paper proposes an extensible cloud-based open-source benchmarking framework on how these databases could work with IoT data. Using the framework, we compare the performances of VoltDB NewSQL and MongoDB NoSQL database systems on IoT data injection, transactional operations, and analytical operations.
Clinical trial design in small cell lung cancer: Surrogate endpoints and statistical evolution.

7087 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating disease for which little recent therapeutic advance has been achieved. SCLC trial design and reporting may have an impact on the inte...
Behandlung des hypertensivenNotfalls

Hypertensive Notfalle sind akute Erkrankungen, die mit einer massiven Erhohung des Blutdrucks und bedrohlichen Endorganschaden einhergehen. Bei einem Grosteil der Patienten mit einem hypertensiven Notfall besteht eine chronische Hochdruckkrankheit, wobei eine fehlende Patientencompliance oder eine insuffiziente antihypertensive Therapie in der uberwiegenden Zahl der Falle zu diesem lebensbedrohlichen Zustandsbild fuhrt. Es kann ein hypertensiver Notfall jedoch auch bei Normotensiven auftreten, z. B. im Rahmen einer Praeklampsie oder Eklampsie, aber auch bei akuter Nephritis. Patienten mit einem hypertensiven Notfall sollten auf einer Intensivstation oder Uberwachungsstation aufgenommen werden. Die Therapie sollte fruhzeitig, d. h. bereits in der praklinischen Phase, begonnen werden, wobei die Wahl des jeweiligen Antihypertensivums sich vor allem nach der Art des Endorganschadens richtet. In der Regel wird intravenos zu verabreichenden Substanzen der Vorzug gegeben. Am haufigsten werden Urapidil, Betablocker wie Esmolol oder Metoprolol, Nitroglycerin, Labetolol und Calciumantagonisten verwendet. Die meisten extrazerebralen Endorgandysfunktionen profitieren von einer sehr raschen Blutdrucksenkung, wobei allerdings der mittlere arterielle Blutdruck nicht mehr als 20–25% vom Ausgangswert innerhalb der ersten 120 Minuten absinken sollte. Ein rascheres Absinken fuhrt durch die veranderte Autoregulationskurve zu einer Minderdurchblutung der Organe und damit weiteren Verschlechterung. Ausnahmen stellen die akute Aortendissektion und das kardiale Lungenodem dar, hier sollte sehr rasch eine Normalisierung des Blutdrucks angestrebt werden.
Intermolecular sp3-C–H Amination for the Synthesis of Saturated Azacycles

The preparation of substituted azetidines and larger ring, nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycles is enabled through efficient and selective intermolecular sp3-C–H amination of alkyl bromide de...
Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignancy. As our understanding of the complexity of tumor biology increases, so does our appreciation of the complexity of tumor metabolism. Metabolic heterogeneity among human tumors poses a challenge to developing therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Recent work also demonstrates that the metabolic properties and preferences of a tumor change during cancer progression. This produces distinct sets of vulnerabilities between primary tumors and metastatic cancer, even in the same patient or experimental model. We review emerging concepts about metabolic reprogramming in cancer, with particular attention on why metabolic properties evolve during cancer progression and how this information might be used to develop better therapeutic strategies.
Photoinduced anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

A circularly polarized ac pump field illuminated near resonance on two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) produces an anomalous Hall effect in response to a dc bias field. In this work, we develop a theory for this photoinduced anomalous Hall effect in undoped TMDs irradiated by a strong coherent laser field. The strong field renormalizes the equilibrium bands and opens up a dynamical energy gap where single-photon resonance occurs. The resulting photon dressed states, or Floquet states, are treated within the rotating-wave approximation. A quantum kinetic equation approach is developed to study the nonequilibrium density matrix and time-averaged transport currents under the simultaneous influence of the strong ac pump field and the weak dc probe field. Dissipative effects are taken into account in the kinetic equation that captures relaxation and dephasing. The photoinduced longitudinal and Hall conductivities display notable resonant signatures when the pump field frequency reaches the spin-split interband transition energies. Rather than valley polarization, we find that the anomalous Hall current is mainly driven by the intraband response of photon-dressed electron populations near the dynamical gap at both valleys, accompanied by a smaller contribution due to the interband response. These findings highlight the importance of photon-dressed bands and nonequilibrium distribution functions in achieving a proper understanding of the photoinduced anomalous Hall effect in a strong pump field.
Assessment of Multienergy Interpixel Coincidence Counters (MEICC) for Charge Sharing Correction or Compensation for Photon Counting Detectors With Boxcar Signals

Recently, multienergy interpixel coincidence counter (MEICC) has been proposed for charge sharing (CS) correction and compensation for photon counting detectors (PCDs), which uses energy-dependent coincidence counters to record coincident events between multiple energy windows of a pixel-of-interest and those of neighboring pixels. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation study was performed to assess the performance of MEICC; however, the performance might have been overestimated in a previous study. The CS increases the number of photons recorded at a PCD pixel at the expense of the spatial resolution, and therefore, when spatially uniform flat-field X-ray signals are used, it gives PCDs with CS more signals than a PCD without CS. In this article, we propose to use spatially contained boxcar signals for evaluating the performances for high spatial frequency tasks because they provide consistent signals regardless of the presence or absence of CS. The flat-field signals must be used for low spatial frequency tasks. We assessed the performances of MEICC and other PCDs with both flat-field signals and boxcar signals, with optimal threshold energies, and with two different pixel sizes. As it is expected, normalized Cramer–Rao lower bounds (nCRLBs) measured with the boxcar signals were worse than those with flat-field signals in general. The nCRLBs of MEICC with 225- $\mu \text{m}$ pixel were close to the current 450- $\mu \text{m}$ PCD. We studied a combination of flat-field signals and $N\times N$ super-pixels, where the output of $N\times N$ pixels were added, using an MC simulation and a simple CS counting model. The study showed that CS had two opposing impacts on the conventional computed tomography imaging—a negative impact with double-counting among $N\times N$ pixels and a positive impact with single-counting spill-in and spill-out across the super-pixel boundary—and the positive impact diminished with increasing $N$ . A use of large $N\times N$ super-pixels such as $N\geq 25$ was suggested to approximate the zero-frequency detection quantum efficiency of PCD with CS.
Abstract TMP112: Increased Large Vessel Diameter is Associated With Increased Cerebral Metabolic Stress in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia

Background: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) invoke compensatory mechanisms to meet cerebral oxygen demand in the setting of low oxygen carrying capacity. Whereas cerebral blood flow (CBF) is...
Accuracy and Resiliency of Analog Compute-in-Memory Inference Engines

Author(s): Wan, Zhe; Wang, Tianyi; Zhou, Yiming; Iyer, Subramanian S; Roychowdhury, Vwani P | Abstract: Recently, analog compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures based on emerging analog non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have been explored for deep neural networks (DNN) to improve energy efficiency. Such architectures, however, leverage charge conservation, an operation with infinite resolution, and thus are susceptible to errors. The computations in DNN realized by analog NVM thus have high uncertainty due to the device stochasticity. Several reports have demonstrated the use of analog NVM for CIM in a limited scale. It is unclear whether the uncertainties in computations will prohibit large-scale DNNs. To explore this critical issue of scalability, this paper first presents a simulation framework to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale DNNs based on CIM architecture and analog NVM. Simulation results show that DNNs trained for high-precision digital computing engines are not resilient against the uncertainty of the analog NVM devices. To avoid such catastrophic failures, this paper introduces the analog floating-point representation for the DNN, and the Hessian-Aware Stochastic Gradient Descent (HA-SGD) training algorithm to enhance the inference accuracy of trained DNNs. As a result of such enhancements, DNNs such as Wide ResNets for the CIFAR-100 image recognition problem are demonstrated to have significant performance improvements in accuracy without adding cost to the inference hardware.
Religiousness, meaning, and quality of life: Test of a mediational model among adults seeking a spiritually integrated inpatient program

Objective Religious beliefs and practices may augment a sense of meaning in life that could support quality of life (QOL) in physical, social, and emotional domains amid mental health crises. However, these associations have not been thoroughly tested among persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Methods Focusing on 248 adults who had recently enrolled in a spiritually integrated acute psychiatric hospitalization program, we incorporated structural equation modeling to examine whether (1) religiousness would be associated with better overall QOL; and (2) inpatients' sense of meaning in life would at least partially account for the religiousness-QOL link. Results Religiousness was linked indirectly with QOL at the time of admission: religiousness was associated with greater meaning in life, and a higher degree of meaning in life was associated with QOL. Conclusions Findings underscore the crucial role of religiousness for meaning and wellness among many individuals with SMI who seek stabilization and healing.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in a Racially Diverse Population of Oklahoma County, Oklahoma.

Background Contemporary incidence data for venous thromboembolism (VTE) from racially diverse populations are limited. The racial distribution of Oklahoma County closely mirrors that of the United States. Objective To evaluate VTE incidence and mortality, including demographic and racial subgroups. Design Population-based prospective study. Setting We conducted VTE surveillance at all relevant tertiary care facilities and outpatient clinics in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma during 2012 to 2014, using both active and passive methods. Active surveillance involved reviewing all imaging reports used to diagnose VTE. Passive surveillance entailed identifying VTE events from hospital discharge data and death certificate records. Measurements We used Poisson regression to calculate crude, age-stratified, and age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates per 1,000 population per year and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The incidence rate of all VTE was 3.02 (2.92–3.12) for those age ≥18 years and 0.05 (0.04–0.08) for those Conclusion The age-adjusted VTE incidence and mortality rates vary substantially by race. The incidence of three per 1,000 adults per year indicates an important disease burden, and is informative of the burden in the U.S. population.
Teacher, Center, and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with Variations in Preschool Quality in Childcare Centers

Childcare programs serving preschool children are generally of poorer quality than publicly-funded preschools both in terms of their classroom processes and structural features. Research on childcare programs has typically collapsed them into a single group, yet these programs vary greatly in neighborhood disadvantage and organization as they are managed by for-profit chains, non-profit community organizations, faith-based organizations, or individual owners. Little is known about variations in childcare program quality and what factors are associated with quality. The current study utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) with classroom process, structural features, and neighborhood disadvantage indicators to identify patterns of quality and neighborhood disadvantage within a diverse sample of childcare programs serving preschool children. Classroom processes (instructional support, emotional support, classroom management, positive discipline) and structural features (teacher age, experience, education, and satisfaction) data was collected from preschool teachers (N = 127) from 76 childcare programs. Neighborhood disadvantage (median income; rates of unemployment, single parents, and education) was measured using census tract data. LPA indicated two profiles of childcare programs with high-quality classroom processes and two with poorer processes. Both of the high-quality profiles were in low-to-moderate income neighborhoods and the two low-quality profiles were in more affluent neighborhoods. Subsequent analyses suggested quality covaried with management type with the lowest quality centers often run by for-profit chains. Connections between classroom processes, structural features, and neighborhood disadvantage are complex making it extremely challenging for parents to identify high-quality care for their children.
Highlights from the 57th annual meeting of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons

The topic of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for COVID-19 patients was also heavily addressed by a panel of experts including Dr Daniel Brodie and Dr Cara Agerstrand from Columbia University, Dr Amy Hackmann from UT Southwestern, Dr Jacob Klapper from Duke University, and Dr Asif Mustafa from Rush University This study found that post-October 2018 significantly more transplant patients received temporary MCS (31 1% vs 11 5%) and that these patients were more likely to be transplanted during their listing window than prior to the policy change (87% vs 64%) Of the nearly 5000 patients in the STS INTERMACS database who received HM3 with a median follow-up of 9 months, patients were stratified by MOMENTUM 3 trial eligibility criteria [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Artificial Organs is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Time-to-Death Longitudinal Characterization of Clinical Variables and Longitudinal Prediction of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Two-Center Study

Objectives: To characterize the temporal characteristics of clinical variables with time lock to mortality and build a predictive model of mortality associated with COVID-19 using clinical variables. Design: Retrospective cohort study of the temporal characteristics of clinical variables with time lock to mortality. Setting: Stony Brook University Hospital (New York) and Tongji Hospital. Patients: Patients with confirmed positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 using polymerase chain reaction testing. Patients from the Stony Brook University Hospital data were used for training (80%, N = 1,002) and testing (20%, N = 250), and 375 patients from the Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) data were used for testing. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Longitudinal clinical variables were analyzed as a function of days from outcome with time-lock-to-day of death (non-survivors) or discharge (survivors). A predictive model using the significant earliest predictors was constructed. Performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC). The predictive model found lactate dehydrogenase, lymphocytes, procalcitonin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, respiratory rate, and white-blood cells to be early predictors of mortality. The AUC for the zero to 9 days prior to outcome were: 0.99, 0.96, 0.94, 0.90, 0.82, 0.75, 0.73, 0.77, 0.79, and 0.73, respectively (Stony Brook Hospital), and 1.0, 0.86, 0.88, 0.96, 0.91, 0.62, 0.67, 0.50, 0.63, and 0.57, respectively (Tongji Hospital). In comparison, prediction performance using hospital admission data was poor (AUC = 0.59). Temporal fluctuations of most clinical variables, indicative of physiological and biochemical instability, were markedly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study identified several clinical markers that demonstrated a temporal progression associated with mortality. These variables accurately predicted death within a few days prior to outcome, which provides objective indication that closer monitoring and interventions may be needed to prevent deterioration.
Distribución de las Funciones Retóricas de las Citas en los Apartados del Trabajo Fin de Máster Escrito en Español y en Inglés

This study correlates with a research study published in the journal Pragmalinguistica, in which the contrastive use of the rhetorical functions of citations in master’s theses in Spanish and English was studied. The main objective pursued by this new research is to determine which rhetorical functions are used most frequently in the different parts of a master’s thesis and what these can accomplish in each part of the text. Following Petric (2007), a computerized textual analysis of the rhetorical function of citation was used to study this phenomenon in a corpus of sixteen (16) theses of which eight (8) were written by American and eight (8) by Spanish postgraduates in their native language. With regards to cultural conventions, the results showed that when compared to native Spanish writers, the Americans students use the highest number of citations and write a relatively longer Introduction and Conclusion parts. The sets of functions are consonant with the rhetorical purpose of each part, which thus shows a close link between the citation and the structural organization of the academic text, despite the frequent use of Attribution (AT) in most parts of the thesis.
Microfinance : Perils and Prospects

Table of Contents Contributors Acknowledgements 1: Introduction: Discourse of microcredit: framing and disciplining the subjects of development Jude L Fernando 2: The global political economy of microfinance and poverty reduction: locating local - livelihoods" in political analysis Heloise Weber 3: Disciplining the Developmental Subject: Neoliberal Power and Governance through Microcredit Morgan Brigg 4: Social Capital, Microfinance, and the Politics of Development Katharine N. Rankin 5: Rebuilding Social Capital in Post Conflict Regions. Women's Village Banking in Ayacucho, Peru and in Highland Guatemala Denise Humphreys Babbington and Arelis Gomez 6: Banking on Culture: Microcredit as Incentives for Cultural Conservation in Mali Tara Deubel 7: The Darker Side to Microfinance: Evidence from Cajamarca, Peru Katie Wright 8: Banking on Bananas, Crediting Crafts: Financing Women's Work in the Philippine Cordillera B. Lynne Milgram 9: Microcredit and Empowerment of Women: Visibility Without Power Jude L. Fernando