cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of neurotropic pathogenicity and hemagglutinating property of Columbia SK virus by in vitro cultivation in sarcoma 180 ascites cells.

SummaryAttenuation of Columbia SK virus by in vitro cultivation in 30 serial passages in Sarcoma 180 ascites cells is described, during which the virus lost neurotropic virulence and the HA property. Nonspecific HA inhibitor in the culture medium has no connection with the changed virus nature. The attenuated virus could be used as a live vaccine for prophylaxis of Columbia SK mouse infection.
Spectra of Some Interesting Combinatorial Matrices Related to Oriented Spanning Trees on a Directed Graph

The Laplacian of a directed graph G is the matrix L(G) e O(G) − A(G), where A(G) is the adjacency matrix of G and O(G) the diagonal matrix of vertex outdegrees. The eigenvalues of G are the eigenvalues of A(G). Given a directed graph G we construct a derived directed graph D(G) whose vertices are the oriented spanning trees of G. Using a counting argument, we describe the eigenvalues of D(G) and their multiplicities in terms of the eigenvalues of the induced subgraphs and the Laplacian matrix of G. Finally we compute the eigenvalues of D(G) for some specific directed graphs G. A recent conjecture of Propp for D(Hn) follows, where Hn stands for the complete directed graph on n vertices without loops.
Finding the Balance Student Voices and Cultural Loss at Sherman Institute

Since mid-1990s, scholars of Indian education have placed increasing emphasis on indigenous approaches to federal Indian boarding schools during the early 20th century. Where earlier studies emphasized the design and operation of boarding schools, more recent literature often examines how Native students, families, and communities sometimes used the schools to access employment, offset financial hardship, and gain new skills and perspectives. To some, scholarly emphasis on “the brighter side of boarding schools” covers over the hardship and loss brought about by institutions created to eradicate Native American cultures and identities. In this article, I address a central question: How can scholars of Indian education illuminate Native approaches to boarding schools without underplaying the tremendous cultural loss they inflicted on indigenous communities? Drawing on the expansive secondary literature on federal Indian education and primary source documents from Sherman Institute, a federal Indian boardin...
The CD34-like protein PODXL and α6-integrin (CD49f) identify early progenitor MSCs with increased clonogenicity and migration to infarcted heart in mice

We screened for surface proteins expressed only by the early progenitor cells present in low-passage, low-density cultures of the adult stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow referred to as mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Six proteins were identified that were selectively expressed in the early progenitors: podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), α6-integrin (CD49f), α4-integrin (CD49d), c-Met, CXCR4, and CX3CR1. All were previously shown to be involved in cell trafficking or tumor progression. Antibodies to CD49f and PODXL, a sialomucin in the CD34 family, were the most robust for FACScan assays. PODXLhi/CD49fhi MSCs were more clonogenic and differentiated more efficiently than PODXLlo/CD49flo cells. Inhibition of expression of PODXL with RNA interference caused aggregation of the cells. Furthermore, PODXLhi/CD49fhi MSCs were less prone to produce lethal pulmonary emboli, and larger numbers were recovered in heart and kidney after intravenous infusion into mice with myocardial infarcts.
The hidden persistence of witchcraft

Today, we have come full circle from the Salem Witchcraft Trials—accusations of deviant behaviour; an ever-widening investigation conducted in an atmosphere of increasing hysteria; investigation procedures that assume the outcome and encourage accusations, leading to accusations of increasing numbers of individuals for a growing and ever more varied pattern of deviant behaviour; collapse, either before or after the initiation of the criminal process, of the ensuing web of accusations; and, finally, the emotional, financial, or reputational ruin of the accused with no possibility of redress. Underlying the legal conundrum that these Satanic abuse episodes pose is the problem of power—the power to make our world that is an attribute of our social existence, and the potentially corrupting influence of that power. The problem of power is that it threatens the autonomy the hierarchical structure toward which society inevitably tends (in however fluid a manner) and from the power exercised by the loose and shifting majoritarian consensus that often dominates a community. The dilemmas inherent in our legal world arise from two paradoxical circumstances—that we, as politically autonomous, liberty-endowed individuals, are nevertheless socially constructed, and that the law, though it must be autonomous of collective values in order for individual freedom to be possible, must nevertheless reflect who we are in order to command our assent. The problem of false accusations expresses these dilemmas in an especially acute way, and the law must address these dilemmas more carefully if individual rights and collective power are to be maintained in tolerable tension.
Studies in the control of tubular reactors—II Stabilization by modal control

Abstract The lumped parameter model that was developed in Part I is linearized to obtain the linear dynamical model of the system near an unstable steady state. When concentration and temperature measurements are possible along the reactor length and their number is the same as the number of collocation points, modal state-feedback controllers are designed to relocate the largest eigenvalues to negative values and thus locally stabilize an unstable steady state. Transient calculations of the non-linear system equations are preformed and the domain of attraction of the stabilized steady state is examined for different locations of the eigenvalues of the closed loop system. It is seen that for both problems I and II the domain of attraction becomes very large when the unstable and one stable eigenvalue are shifted near the third largest one. This is true in spite of the large differences in their dynamical characteristics.
A one-year comparison of prophylactic donor tricuspid annuloplasty in heart transplantation.

Abstract Background The bicaval technique for orthotopic heart transplantation decreases the incidence of tricuspid valve regurgitation when compared with the standard biatrial technique. This study was designed to study the effects of prophylactic tricuspid valve annuloplasty during bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation on survival, renal function, and amount of tricuspid valve regurgitation. Methods Between April 1997 and March 1998, 60 patients (age 18 to 70 years, 22 women) randomly received either bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation (n = 30) or bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation with DeVega tricuspid valve annuloplasty (n = 30). Tricuspid valve annuloplasty was performed on the donor heart before implantation using pledgeted 2-0 polypropylene suture and sized to an annulus of 29 mm. Echocardiographic variables, laboratory values, and hemodynamics were obtained prospectively and reviewed by an independent data analyst. Results Intraoperatively, the group undergoing tricuspid valve annuloplasty had a shorter reperfusion time (46 ± 29 minutes versus 65 ± 48 minutes; p p = 0.001). Additional differences between the two groups included early mortality from donor dysfunction (4 of 30 patients versus 0 of 30 patients; p p p Conclusions Tricuspid valve annuloplasty of the donor heart before bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation improves immediate donor heart function as demonstrated by better right ventricular performance, lower perioperative mortality, and shorter reperfusion times. At 1 year, there is less tricuspid valve regurgitation but no difference in renal function. Considering the ease and safety of tricuspid valve annuloplasty and its advantages, it should be performed as a routine adjunct with bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation.
Arterial Stiffness: Basic Concepts and Measurement Techniques

Arterial stiffness is highly relevant to cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness is central to the pathogenesis of isolated systolic hypertension and directly impacts left ventricular afterload, pressure pulsatility in the arterial tree, and its penetration into the microvasculature of target organs such as the brain and kidney. Arterial stiffness is affected by various risk factors and biologic processes. Measurements of arterial stiffness may therefore not only provide information about prevalent processes, but also valuable information regarding the cumulative history of risk factor exposure. Available studies consistently demonstrate that large artery stiffness, measured via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, independently predicts the risk of incident cardiovascular events in clinical and community-based cohorts. Understanding the basic principles and definitions related to arterial stiffness is therefore desirable for cardiovascular clinicians and researchers. This introductory paper reviews basic physical principles and definitions regarding arterial stiffness and the most important non-invasive methods for its quantification in vivo.
Down Syndrome and acute leukaemia: increased risk may be due to trisomy 21.

Abstract Individuals with Down syndrome (DS), especially children, have an increased incidence of acute leukaemia. It is suggested that this increased risk is specifically associated with the presence of an extra chromosome 21 (+ 21) as a constitutional abnormality. Data available from surveys of non-DS patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) indicate that a + 21 is the most common change in leukaemic cells in ALL, especially in children, and that it is one of the more common changes in ANLL. In neonatal patients with mosaicism for normal cells and + 21 cells who have a transient leukaemoid reaction, the blast cells involve the + 21 clone; spontaneous disappearance of the leukaemoid reaction parallels a decrease in + 21 cells in the bone marrow. Thus, the increased risk of acute leukaemia in patients with DS who have a + 21 is directly related to the presence, in all cells of these individuals, of the same chromosome change that is commonly seen in the leukaemic cells of children with ALL, the type of leukaemia most commonly seen in DS children. This observation is analogous to that for two other constitutional chromosome abnormalities that are associated with an increased risk of a malignant tumour. A deletion of chromosome 13, including band 13q14 is associated with retinoblastoma, and a deletion of chromosome 11, including band 11p13 is associated with aniridia/Wilms tumour syndrome. The nature of the genes affected by these various chromosome aberrations is unknown.
Assisted entry mitigates text messaging-based driving detriment.

Previous research using cell phones indicates that manual manipulation is not a principal component of text messag- ing relating driving detriment. This paper suggests that manipulation of a phone in conjunction with the cognitive need to compose the message itself co-act to contribute to driving degradation. This being so, drivers sending text messages might experience reduced interference to the driving task if the text messaging itself were assisted through the predictive T9 system. We evaluated undergraduate drivers in a simulator who drove and texted using either Assisted Text entry, via Nokia's T9 sys- tem, or unassisted entry via the multitap interface. Results supported the superiority of the T9 system over the multitap system implying that specific assistive technologies can modulate the degradation of capacity which texting tragically induces.
EFFECT OF NEOADJUVANT HORMONAL THERAPY ON PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND ITS PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE

AbstractPurpose: We studied the effect of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and assessed the effect of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on disease recurrence as measured by serum prostate specific antigen (PSA).Materials and Methods: A total of 278 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were included in phase II and III studies evaluating radical prostatectomy alone versus radical prostatectomy following neoadjuvant hormonal therapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between October 1991 and August 1996. Patient data related to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were analyzed.Results: Of 275 evaluable patients 145 (52.7%) had prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Of 50 patients treated with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (hormone group) 22 (44%) had a lower incidence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia compared to 69 of 80 controls (86.3%) (chi-square test p <0.0001). Of 262 patients (95.3%) with followup...
IFF System Concept Based on Time Synchronization

Identification of friend or foe (IFF) in the tactical theater is a complex technical and operational problem with extremely important implications to the nation's success in waging war. A practical, inexpensive IFF system which can reliably identify friends in a hostile ECM environment is desperately needed by the United States and NATO. This paper presents an IFF system concept which utilizes existing technologies and devices to create a new tactical IFF system that addresses the following electronic counter-counter-measure (ECCM) problems: 1) vulnerability to enemy antiradiation missiles, 2) vulnerability to jamming, 3) vulnerability to enemy spoofing and deception, and 4) vulnerability to enemy exploitation ("eavesdropping"). The system concept is based on accurate time-synchronization among all participants and represents a radical departure from current IFF methods. However, it does retain the basic interrogateresponse approach. It utilizes spread-spectrum, low-data-rate signaling which offers substantial resistance to enemy jamming and makes spoofing and deception extremely difficult. The spreadspectrum techniques include: frequency hopping, time jitter, and intrapulse Coding. This combination of techniques is used to maximize the antijam and convert capabilities of the system without putting undue burden on a single technology.
Surface wave dispersion, crustal structure, and sediment thickness variations across the Barents shelf

Summary. Rayleigh and Love wave group velocities were determined for 21 paths across the Barents shelf. Those group velocities exhibit regional variations of 1.0 km-' or more at short periods, depending upon the location of the path within the shelf. Only two different crustal shear-velocity models beneath sedimentary layers are required, however, to explain all of the group velocity data. One model pertains to most of the shelf from a longitude near the eastern coast of Svalbard to Novaya Zemlya. The other pertains to a 200 or 300km wide region at the western edge of the shelf. Shear velocities in the upper crust of the western region are significantly higher and the crust is much thinner than they are for the rest of the shelf. That region is known to have moved to its present prosition from a point several hundred kilometres to the north during the Caledonian orogeny. Surface wave group velocities within each of the two regions are strongly influenced by sediments which have accumulated in basins within the Barents shelf. Some of these basins, in the southern portion of the shelf, may be 10 km or more in thickness.
Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

In 2004, six puppies and one adult dog from a total of four premises were subjected to necropsy evaluation. For five of the seven dogs, disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was suspected based on clinical signs. In all of the dogs, a diagnosis of CDV infection was established by the presence of compatible gross and histologic lesions, immunohistochemical labeling for CDV antigen, and detection of CDV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR. To further characterize the CDV strains detected in the four cases, complete gene sequences were determined for the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes, while partial gene sequencing was performed for the phosphoprotein gene. A total of 4,508 bases were sequenced for the CDV strains detected from each of the four cases. Two cases were found to have identical sequences except for 2 bases in the intergenic region of the F and H genes. Phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested an evolutionary relationship between sequences detected in these two cases and those of phocine distemper virus 2 and two other strains of CDV not previously detected in the continental United States. Clear phylogenetic relationships were not established for viruses detected in the two additional cases; however, one strain showed similarity to CDV strains detected in a panda from China. Importantly, the three CDV strains detected were demonstrated to be genetically distinct from known vaccine strains and strains previously reported in the continental United States.
Cardiac allograft function during the first year after transplantation in rejection-free children and young adults.

Background— Allograft dysfunction is a common finding early after heart transplant (HT). We sought to assess the recovery of left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function during the first year after HT in children and young adults using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging. Methods and Results— We analyzed serially performed echocardiography in 44 pediatric HT recipients (median age: 7.3 years at HT) who remained rejection-free during the first year post-transplant. Age-based normative values for systolic ( S ′), early-diastolic ( E ′), and late-diastolic ( A ′) velocities obtained using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging in 380 healthy children were used to transform patient data into z scores. Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging studies ≤10 days post-HT demonstrated biventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction with most prominent impairment in RV systolic function ( S ′ z score −2.7±0.8), RV early-diastolic filling ( E ′ z score −2.3±1.1), and LV early-diastolic filling ( E ′ z score −2.3±1.1). LV systolic function ( S ′ z score) and late-diastolic filling ( A ′ z score) improved to normal in 11 to 30 days, LV early-diastolic filling ( E ′ z score) in 4 to 6 months, and RV early-diastolic filling in 6 to 9 months ( P <0.001 for all on longitudinal analysis). However, RV systolic function (RV S ′ z score −1.2±1.1) remained impaired 1-year post-transplant. Analysis of serial cardiac catheterization studies showed that RV and LV filling pressures were elevated early post-HT and declined gradually during the first year post-transplant. Conclusions— Pediatric HT recipients have biventricular dysfunction using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging early after HT with most significant impairment in RV systolic function and RV and LV early-diastolic filling. Although other aspects of LV and RV function normalize in 6 to 9 months, RV systolic function remains abnormal 1 year-post-transplant.
Neural correlates of adaptation in freely-moving normal hearing subjects under cochlear implant acoustic simulations.

Abstract Neurobiological correlates of adaptation to spectrally degraded speech were investigated with fMRI before and after exposure to a portable real-time speech processor that implements an acoustic simulation model of a cochlear implant (CI). The speech processor, in conjunction with isolating insert earphones and a microphone to capture environment sounds, was worn by participants over a two week chronic exposure period. fMRI and behavioral speech comprehension testing were conducted before and after this two week period. After using the simulator each day for 2 h, participants significantly improved in word and sentence recognition scores. fMRI shows that these improvements came accompanied by changes in patterns of neuronal activation. In particular, we found additional recruitment of visual, motor, and working memory areas after the perceptual training period. These findings suggest that the human brain is able to adapt in a short period of time to a degraded auditory signal under a natural learning environment, and gives insight on how a CI might interact with the central nervous system. This paradigm can be furthered to investigate neural correlates of new rehabilitation, training, and signal processing strategies non-invasively in normal hearing listeners to improve CI patient outcomes.
Effect of compounding on the properties of short fiber reinforced injection moldable thermoplastic composites

The mechanical properties of short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites depend on the degree of interfacial bond strength between the fibers and polymer matrix. This interfacial bond strength can be increased by appropriate coupling agents. This study shows, for example, that an amino silane coupling agent improves the bond strength of nylon-aluminum fiber composites, but not polycarbonate-aluminum fiber composites. For cases where appropriate coupling agents are not available it is important to maintain as high a fiber aspect ratio as possible in a molded part. This study shows that a single screw compounder does less damage to glass or carbon fibers than a twin screw compounder under similar processing conditions when the polymer is in the form of pellets. When the polymer is supplied as a powder, satisfactory dry blends can be produced and the twin screw compounder does less damage to the fibers. In both cases, however, fibers initially 6 mm long are reduced to an average length less than 0.5 mm. The greatest degree of fiber size retention was observed when extrusion coated fiber pellets were used in the injection molding machine. The relationship between a fiber's tensile strength and the interfacial shear strength between a fiber and matrix yields a critical fiber aspect ratio below which the maximum reinforcing capability of the fibers are not being utilized. For the polymers investigated in this program, the critical aspect ratio for carbon fibers was found to be between 16 and 25 to 1. The polymers investigated include flame-retardant grades of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and poly(phenylene oxide)/polystyrene blend, nylon 6/6 and poly(phenylene sulfide).
A High Performance Schema-Specific XML Parser

Performance of XML parsers with validation are usually suffer. This is because such parsers need first parsing and undertanding XML schemas, and thus are limited by the very complexity of XML schemas. Schema-specific approach, however, may adjust such problem. In this paper, we introduce a high performance SAX like validating XML parser using a schema-specific approach. In this approach, a schema compiler first transforms the schema into an intermediate representation, called generalized automata, which abstracts the computations required to parse XML documents as well as validate them against a schema. The generalized automaton is then translated to a schema specific parser, which is capable of parsing and validating XML documents with namespaces through a schema specific modified SAX API. Our performance evaluation shows good results when compared with other validating parsers.
The Great Migration: Charter School Satisfaction Among African American Parents

This study addresses the reasons that African American students are disproportionately enrolled in public charter schools by surveying parents of African American charter school students at a small public charter middle school in California. The researcher utilized a quantitative research design by collecting survey data from 71 charter school parents. The findings indicate the following reasons that African American parents remove their students from traditional public schools: their desire for a safer schooling environment, higher expectations for their students, individualized attention, and a college-going atmosphere. Recommendations are made for traditional public school leaders to consider the implementation of these practices. African American students continue to be among the worst academic performers in the nation. In 2009, 4th grade African American students scored lower than Whites and Asians, the same as Hispanics, and one point better than American Indians/Alaska Natives on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading assessment. During the same year, 8th and 12th grade African American students scored worse than any other racial/ethnic group on the NAEP reading assessment (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2009; NCES, 2010). African American achievement in mathematics is similarly dismal. In 2009, 16% of African American 4th graders, 12% of African American 8th graders, and a miniscule 5% of African American 12th grade students scored proficient and above in mathematics, poorer than any other racial/ethnic group (Aud, Fox, and KewalRamani, 2010). Poor academic achievement among African American students has changed relatively little since 1992, and gaps in achievement between White students and their African American peers continue to persist (NCES, 2009; NCES, 2010). A plethora of reform efforts have attempted to remedy the African American achievement dilemma; however, no one reform to date has successfully altered the academic performance of the African American K-12 student population at scale. Public charter schools were introduced into the American education landscape in 1991 as a result of ongoing United States education reform efforts aimed at targeting the poor academic achievement of America’s children in comparison with countries that appeared to be out-competing and out-innovating America. Schools in poor, urban communities became the target, as the students within their confines had the poorest academic performance by far. Charter schools were marketed as free-market public schools that would be free of traditional public 1 Public charter schools will be referred to as, “charter schools,” “charters,” and “public charters” throughout. 1 Almond: Charter School Satisfaction Among African American Parents
DO DISTURBANCES ALTER COMPETITIVE HIERARCHIES? MECHANISMS OF CHANGE FOLLOWING GAP CREATION

Many studies have documented that patterns of species composition change after gap creation, but few have addressed the processes responsible for this change. The idea of competitive reduction, that disturbance removes biomass, reducing competitive intensity and allowing competitively inferior fugitive species to colonize, has been widely accepted but rarely tested. We suggest an alternative hypothesis, competitive change, in which changes associated with disturbance may act to alter the competitive hierarchy. Under these changed conditions, species characteristic of gaps may be competitively superior to species characteristic of undisturbed matrix areas. We quantified competitive response ability for survival and relative growth for three target species (Andropogon gerardii, a matrix grass; Coreopsis tripteris, a matrix forb; and Ratibida pinata, a forb characteristic of gaps) in undisturbed matrix vegetation and in soil mound disturbances in a northern Ohio prairie community. For survival, a weak competitive hierarchy developed following gap creation. In contrast, for relative growth, gap creation shifted a distinct competitive hierarchy to conditions of competitive equivalence. The com- petitive rankings for survival in gaps were opposite those for growth in matrix conditions, with Andropogon being superior in terms of survival and Coreopsis superior in terms of growth. Then, in a factorial design, we teased apart the effects of neighborhood (biomass re- duction, size structure, neighbor identity) and abiotic soil changes (mound formation) as- sociated with soil disturbance on these competitive interactions. Abiotic changes associated with mound formation, rather than neighborhood changes, were responsible for the devel- opment of the survival hierarchy and the loss of the growth hierarchy following gap creation. When hierarchies formed, matrix species were competitively superior to gap species, sup- porting the idea of competitive reduction. However, no one matrix species was consistently competitively superior, and under some conditions species were competitive equivalents, partially supporting the idea of competitive change. When disturbance creates conditions of physical stress, as in this case, trade-offs between growth and survival hierarchies may be important determinants of species response.
Examining Response to a One-to-One Computer Initiative: Student and Teacher Voices.

AbstractThe impact of a one-to-one computing initiative at a Midwestern urban middle school was examined through phenomenological research techniques focusing on the voices of eighth grade students and their teachers. Analysis of transcripts from pre-and post-implementation interviews of 47 students and eight teachers yielded patterns of responses to illuminate how one-to-one computing changed students’ learning experiences and teachers’ instructional practices. Key themes that emerged were changes in teacher pedagogy, effect on student learning experiences, impact on classroom behavior and management, potential for improved communications, and suggestions to address professional development needs. The students demonstrated their learning in varied and creative ways through the use of computer-based lessons. However, the altered format presented new demands on teachers as a delivery model. Although some students were distracted by gaming and chatting opportunities, learning benefits were reported for stud...
Tricuspid insufficiency in carcinoid heart disease: an echocardiographic description.

To our knowledge, the echocardiographic appearance of a tricuspid valve affected by carcinoid disease has never been well delineated. A patient who was documented as having the carcinoid syndrome provided a unique opportunity to study such a valve. Clinically, the patient was in right-heart failure with concomitant tricuspid regurgitation. The M-mode echogram revealed right ventricular enlargement and paradoxic interventricular septal motion. A tricuspid valve could never be identified. Instead, a
An observation of the effect of integral scale on drag reduction

Drag reduction pipe flow experiments using random coiling polymers have been dominated by the small scales of turbulence. An experiment is reported using polyelectrolytes DNA and collagen, which have extended conformations in solution that shows a relationship between the large scales and drag reduction. Turbulent or molecular interactions can explain the observed increase in drag reduction with an increase in pipe diameter.
Bounding Preemption Delay within Data Cache Reference Patterns for Real-Time Tasks

Caches have become invaluable for higher-end architectures to hide, in part, the increasing gap between processor speed and memory access times. While the effect of caches on timing predictability of single real-time tasks has been the focus of much research, bounding the overhead of cache warm-ups after preemptions remains a challenging problem, particularly for data caches. In this paper, we bound the penalty of cache interference for real-time tasks by providing accurate predictions of the data cache behavior across preemptions. For every task, we derive data cache reference patterns for all scalar and non-scalar references. Partial timing of a task is performed up to a preemption point using these patterns. The effects of cache interference are then analyzed using a settheoretic approach, which identifies the number and location of additional misses due to preemption. A feedback mechanism provides the means to interact with the timing analyzer, which subsequently times another interval of a task bounded by the next preemption. Our experimental results demonstrate that it is sufficient to consider the n most expensive preemption points, where n is the maximum possible number of preemptions. Further, it is shown that such accurate modeling of data cache behavior in preemptive systems significantly improves the WCET predictions for a task. To the best of our knowledge, our work of bounding preemption delay for data caches is unprecedented.
All-optical payload envelope detection for variable length 40-gb/s optically labeled packets

We demonstrate a new technique to all-optically identify the precise temporal locations and durations of the payloads of optical packets consisting of a variable length 40-Gb/s return-to-zero payload and 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero label. The all-optically generated payload envelope signal can be used to erase the original optical label and rewrite a new label. The recovered payload envelope has 300-ps rise time and edge root-mean-square average jitter of 30 ps over a 10-dB dynamic range of input optical packet power. These numbers indicate that this technique enables the use of very short guard bands between payloads. The technique is demonstrated using optical semiconductor devices that are straightforward to monolithically integrate on a single chip
Introduction to the Special Issue on Calibration and Validation of the Highway Capacity Manual Models

Although the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is the primary tool for analyzing highway operations, recent concerns have been raised about the ability of some HCM procedures to adequately replicate field conditions. Although a robust validation effort could shed light into the real-world implementation of HCM procedures, such an effort has been hampered by the lack of readily accessible data. This special issue of the Journal of Transportation Engineering brings together the results of validation efforts being made by researchers. The issue includes 9 technical papers and 3 technical notes, most of which involve traffic operation at intersections. Although the emphasis is on field data that can be used for validation, there are cases where well-accepted simulation models have been employed to generate validation data. This special issue is the result of cooperative efforts of the Transportation and Development Institute and the Transportation Research Board.
The Enigmatic temporal pole: a review of findings on social and emotional processing.

The function of the anterior-most portion of the temporal lobes, the temporal pole, is not well understood. Anatomists have long considered it part of an extended limbic system based on its location posterior to the orbital frontal cortex and lateral to the amygdala, along with its tight connectivity to limbic and paralimbic regions. Here we review the literature in both non-human primates and humans to assess the temporal pole's putative role in social and emotional processing. Reviewed findings indicate that it has some role in both social and emotional processes, including face recognition and theory of mind, that goes beyond semantic memory. We propose that the temporal pole binds complex, highly processed perceptual inputs to visceral emotional responses. Because perceptual inputs remain segregated into dorsal (auditory), medial (olfactory) and ventral (visual) steams, the integration of emotion with perception is channel specific.
Data-dependent phase coding for suppression of ghost pulses in optical fibers

A novel data-dependent phase-encoding scheme for mitigation of intrachannel four-wave mixing is introduced. The scheme relies on energy redistribution among 1-bits, which reduces leakage of optical power into 0-bits time slots and is applicable for a wide range of input powers in return-to-zero transmission. The introduced data-dependent coding scheme increases the Q factor by as much as 4 dB.
Simulation Of The Layer-Growth Dynamics In Silver Films: Dynamics Of Adatom And Vacancy Clusters On Ag(100)

Simulation results are presented for some dynamical processes occurring in the growth of (100) layers of silver. The overlayer dynamics are evolved using a recently developed method that, in the regime where surface diffusion consists of discrete hops, yields classically exact dynamics for an arbitrary interatomic potential. The time-scale limitations of direct molecular dynamics simulations are thus overcome. The Ag/Ag(100) system is modeled using a sophisticated form of interaction potential, similar to the embedded atom method, in which the energy is given by a sum of pairwise interactions plus a term for each atom that depends on the local atomic density. This type of potential includes the many-body terms necessary to describe a variety of atomic environments, such as the perfect fcc metal, free surfaces, vacancies, interstitials, and even the diatomic molecule, but with the computational scaling of a simple pair potential. The present study focuses on some of the dynamics in a single layer of silver: the diffusion and dissociation of clusters of adatoms and vacancies. Some interesting features are observed, including a nonmonotonic decrease in diffusion constant with increasing cluster size, and a roughly constant mean square distance a cluster migrates before dissociation (ejection of a monomer).
The Concept of Theme as Used in Qualitative Nursing Research

The concept of theme is critical to the accurate interpretation of qualitative data. A literature review of qualitative research methodology and nursing research studies reveals considerable diversity in the identification of themes, the interpretation of the concept, and its function in data analysis. Part of the problem is the transfer of research methods from other disciplines to the study of nursing phenomena. The transfer often results in a blending of distinct research methods that compromises methodological rigor in data analysis and theory generation. A definition of theme is developed from the literature review and interdisciplinary definitions and descriptions. Five aspects of a theme and criteria foundational to the definition and concept of theme are identified. Implications of the concept of theme are presented for the conduct and application of research findings to the practice and development of nursing science.
On pole-zero patterns of non-negative impulse response discrete-time systems with complex poles and zeros

This paper presents a new set of sufficient conditions on complex poles and zeros to ensure the non-negativity of the impulse response of an arbitrary-order discrete-time system. Different from previous work, this set of sufficient conditions expose an interesting geometric pole-zero pattern — poles and zeros are evenly distributed on different concentric circles centered at origin. By controlling the number of poles/zeros on each circle and using pole-zero cancellation to de-regularize the pole-zero distribution, the class of pole-zero patterns known to exhibit a non-negative impulse response (NNIR) are significantly expanded. And this set of sufficient conditions can be easily employed for designing NNIR filters.
Training The Trainers: Parlate Italiano? An Experiential Exercise In International Human Resources

This exercise was developed to teach students in an international management or human resource class the importance of international training. The students choose and learn some basic vocabulary in a foreign language and then develop and present an effective training module for those language skills. An example of one such module is described.
Brief Amicus Curiae of FlyersRights.Org in Support of Respondent in Department of Homeland Security v. MacLean

Citizens interact with disclosures made by whistleblowers protected by the Whistleblower Protection Act in two ways. The first is a well-established and well-understood response: citizens are part of the feedback loop that puts pressure on government to revise and correct the procedures or actions that led to the disclosed problem. The second interaction is less recognized and has been the subject of less discussion: citizens are actors who have choices as to which risks they encounter and how they encounter them. In this case, that means that the Respondent’s disclosures not only led to pressure on the TSA from the media, legislators and the public, but might have also led individuals not to travel because of their perception of additional risk had the TSA not changed course and reversed its decision. Congress has explicitly recognized the interest that citizens as travelers, as opposed to citizens as citizens, have in disclosures of the kind made by Respondent here, that is, disclosures of potential threats to civil aviation. This recognition, in the form of requirements for guidelines to be issued regarding the appropriate release of threats to civil aviation to citizens, explicitly acknowledges the importance of providing information to citizens as travelers.The release of this information to citizens is likely to have an effect on how those citizens act in their role as travelers. Research shows that citizens react to perceptions of risk in making and altering their travel plans. Receipt of information regarding specific threats to, or systemic failings in, the aviation travel system, will undoubtedly allow those citizens to alter their plans and exercise some level of control over their perceived exposure to risk in these situations.This interest, not yet explicitly discussed in this appeal, supports the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in this case. The interests of citizens as travelers push the calculation toward one that favors disclosure, rather than one that disfavors it. Thus, while not determinative, these interests support the holding of the Court of Appeals that the phrase “specifically prohibited by law” does not include administrative regulations. The lower court’s holding thus makes more information available, in a manner provided for by Congress, and is supported by citizens’ interests in confronting the risks of their own air travel.
The Structure and Molecular Interactions of the Bromodomain

The bromodomain is a structurally conserved protein module that is present in a large number of chromatin-associated proteins and in many nuclear histone acetyltransferases. The bromodomain functions as an acetyl-lysine binding domain and has recently been shown to play an important role in regulating protein-protein interactions in chromatin-mediated cellular gene transcription as well as in viral transcriptional activation. Recent structural analyses of bromodomains in complex with acetyl-lysine-containing biological ligands provide insights into the molecular basis of differences in ligand selectivity of the bromodomain family, and reinforce the concept that functional diversity of a conserved protein structure is achieved by evolutionary changes of amino acid sequences in the ligand binding site.
Incorporating twitter within the sport management classroom: rules and uses for effective practical application.

Abstract Using Twitter within the Sport Management classroom can provide a wealth of opportunities for learning, engagement, discovery, and creativity. Twitter boasts over 284 million active users, who are looking for opportunities to communicate with other professionals, stay abreast of current news, and market ideas. It has become a platform for marketing and communication for all involved, from coaches, athletes, leagues, teams, and consumers. The purpose of this article is to share rules and uses of Twitter within the Sport Management classroom. We believe Twitter provides both effectiveness and collaboration that stimulates learning within the sport management curriculum.
Photodeformable polymer system for holography

Permanently photodeformable polymers constitute an interesting class of holographic material, especially for relief holograms used in reflection. We report here preliminary work on a new class of such material which undergoes a controllable change in both thickness and refractive index when exposed to light and then heated. The maximum extent of thickness change is ~30 %, easily giving rise to relief with depth greater than one-half of a wavelength. The holographic efficiency for the first order in reflection then exceeds 25%.
Developmental Morphogenesis and Genetic Manipulation in Tissue and Cell Cultures Of the Gramineae

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the importance of relating the phenomena encountered in tissue culture to the events occurring in vivo at the entire plant level, particularly with reference to developmental morphogenesis and genetic stability. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding and recognizing the ways in which environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors influence the phenotype of plant cells maintained in vitro and place limitations on the ability to genetically manipulate and regenerate plants from cell cultures of the Gramineae. Plants consist of heterogeneity of cell phenotypes that arise as a consequence of differentiation and development. This heterogeneity is evident from observations on tissue histology, DNA, and studies on gene expression as manifested by changes in protein and isozyme production during differentiation and development. Changes in gene expression may have a major influence on a cell's capacity to produce a callus or regenerate plants in vitro . Environmental factors also play a role in controlling gene expression and cellular differentiation in vivo .
Equity in Cancer Care and Outcomes of Treatment: A Different Type of Cancer Moonshot

“For the loved ones we’ve all lost, for the families we can still save, let’s make America the country that cures cancer once and for all.”1 With those stirring words, President Obama challenged the nation to advance the science and care of cancer to alleviate the burden of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. However, deaths from cancer are not equally distributed in the US population. Without the equivalent of a moonshot effort to achieve equality of outcomes in both the length and quality of survival, further advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer will continue to favor the well off and well educated, leaving the poor and poorly educated behind.
Comparison of whole calvarial bones and long bones during early growth in rats. II. Turnover of calcified and uncalcified collagen masses.

The increase of total collagen and its destruction were compared for whole calvaria and long bones from young growing rats prelabeledin utero with3H-L-proline. Rats were compared from birth to 16 weeks of age. Long bones and calvaria were isolated as intact anatomical units for autoradiography or separated by collagenase into calcified and uncalcified collagens. Autoradiography using14C-L-proline demonstrated eccentric remodeling of bone collagen. With growth the mass of calcified collagen (bone) increased rapidly in calvaria and long bones. A similar increase in the mass of uncalcified collagen (mainly cartilage) occurred in the long bones; a very small increase occurred in the fibrous tissue of calvaria.
The Philosophical Denial of Sameness of Meaning

just as deserving of the philosopher's attention as the more familiar analyticity that is possessed by statements which are true by verbal definition ", he is clearly wrong. For what he says makes it look as if ostensive definitions and verbal definitions were used in a precisely parallel way, a blunder the origin of which has just been exposed.' I think that I have now given some of the reasons why we need not concern ourselves with ostensive definitions. I do not
Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff Body Stabilized Premixed Flame

This paper presents results of numerical simulations of cold and reactive flow behind a bluff body, in comparison with experimental data. The results of the non-reacting flow are found in good agreement with the experiments. For the reactive flow, two closures for the filtered scalar transport equations are used: a conventional closure at the LES resolved scale, based on the sub-grid Eddy Break-Up (EBU) model, and a closure directly at the subgrid scales, the Linear Eddy Mixing (LEM) model. Although the time-averaged velocity fields are in close agreement with the experimental data for both simulations, the EBU flame is thicker and fails to adapt to the turbulent fluctuations in the flow field. Therefore, EBU model under-predicts the turbulent flame wrinkling and the far-field wake spread. Also, EBU underpredicts the centerline temperature values, due to an under-prediction in the turbulent mixing rate.