cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new technique for suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses that eliminates intraocular knots.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe a new technique for transscleral suturing of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOLs) without intraocular knots. Design Retrospective noncomparative case series. Participants Twenty-four eyes underwent implantation of PCIOLs with this new technique. Methods Suture fixation of PCIOLs was performed in eyes without capsular support. Main outcome measures The anatomic and functional outcome of surgery was determined during a follow-up of 2 to 40 months. Results The PCIOL remained well centered without tilt in 22 of 24 (92%) eyes. The PCIOL was well centered in 16 of 17 (94%) eyes followed for ≥6 months. Complications related to lens suturing were minimal and resolved spontaneously. Final visual outcome depended almost entirely on the underlying health of the retina and optic nerve. Conclusion This technique eliminates intraocular knots, minimizes operating time with an open globe, and provides excellent lens centration in the absence of capsular support.
Strategic and Competitive Information Systems

This mini-track continues the long tradition of examining the linkage between organizational strategy and information technologies. This has gained new urgency with burgeoning electronic commerce and new communication technologies. For new technologies to be adopted not only do they have to be technically feasible, they have to provide some strategic advance to the firm. Conversely, some firms may adopt technology that is still evolving. Kauffman and Wang make this clear in the first paper. They use analytic modeling to show that some bill payers may adopt e-billing technology early, even in face of better solutions that might be available in near future, if there is a substantial installed base effect.Feurstein, Natter, Mild and Taudes look at knowledge sharing within the organization and they find that despite availability of advanced tools and techniques, of the kind discussed in detail in the Collaborative Technology Track, its success in organization depends crucially on incentives and other variables of the organizational architecture.Collaborative technology improvements and other advances in IT are expected to reduce costs, and increase output. This should result in an increase in productivity - the ratio of output to input. However, empirically, this has been hard to establish. ?We see computers everywhere but in the productivity statistics,? said Robert Solow, Nobel laureate economist. Debate has since then raged in the literature and this issue has been dubbed the ?productivity paradox.? The next paper by Thatcher and Oliver sheds new light on this matter. They use an analytical model to show that the paradox may be created by mis-measurement of productivity. Many researchers use revenue as a proxy for output in productivity measurement. The authors identify this mis-measurement as a source of the paradox.Continuing in the examination of decision making in the firm, Clemons and Aron look at the decision to allocate budget for product development and advertising. In this innovative work, the authors unite two hitherto disparate streams of literature. Investments in product design have been much studied in engineering management while marketing researchers have examined the value and cost of advertising. On the margin, a manager has to pick between these two competing activities and to-date there has been no comprehensive model to address these issues.Finally, Rudi, Gundepudi and Seidmann also unite two streams of literature, theory of options in finance and pricing from marketing, to offer fresh insights into inter-temporal purchases, such as subscriptions, of information goods.
Role of Integrin-linked Kinase in Regulating Phosphorylation of Akt and Fibroblast Survival in Type I Collagen Matrices through a β1 Integrin Viability Signaling Pathway

A β1 integrin phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates fibroblast survival in collagen matrices. When fibroblasts attach to collagen, Akt becomes phosphorylated, providing a survival signal. In contrast, in response to mechanical forces generated during collagen contraction, Akt is dephosphorylated and fibroblasts undergo apoptosis. The kinase(s) responsible for regulating Akt phosphorylation in response to matrix-derived mechanical signals are unclear. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is associated with the β1 integrin in the focal adhesion complex and as such is a candidate kinase that may regulate Akt phosphorylation and fibroblast viability. Nevertheless, there is no direct evidence that matrix-derived mechanical forces regulate cell viability by modulating ILK activity. Here, we show that ILK activity decreased in response to collagen matrix contraction, which correlated with Akt dephosphorylation and induction of fibroblast apoptosis. In contrast, enforced activation of β1 integrin by activating antibody preserved ILK and Akt activity during collagen matrix contraction, and this is associated with protection from collagen contraction-induced apoptosis. Knock-down of ILK by small, interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated Akt phosphorylation in response to ligation of β1 integrin by collagen or activating antibody and enhanced fibroblast apoptosis in response to collagen contraction. Kinase dead ILK attenuated Akt phosphorylation and enhanced fibroblast apoptosis, whereas hyperactive and wild type ILK augmented Akt phosphorylation and protected fibroblasts from apoptosis. Constitutively active Akt preserved Akt activity and rescued ILK siRNA-treated fibroblasts from collagen contraction-induced apoptosis. These data establish that matrix-derived mechanical forces sensed by β1 integrin are capable of modulating ILK activity which regulates fibroblast viability via an Akt-dependent mechanism.
Metabolic interactions between glucose, glycerol, alanine and acetate in Leishmania braziliensis panamensis promastigotes.

13C-nuciear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the products of glycerol and acetate metabolism released by Leishmania braziliensis panamensis promastigotes and also to examine the interaction of each of these substrates with glucose or alanine. The NMR data were supplemented by measurements of the rates of oxygen consumption and substrate utilization, and of 14CO2 production from 14C-labeIed substrate. Cells incubated with [2-13C]glycerol released acetate, succinate and D-lactate in addition to CO2. Cells incubated with acetate released only CO2. More succinate C-2/C-3 than C-l/C-4 was released from both [2-13C]glycerol and [2-13C]glucose, indicating that succinate was formed predominantly by CO2 fixation followed by reverse flux through part of the Krebs cycle. Some redistribution of the position of labeling was also seen in alanine and pyruvate, suggesting cycling through pyruvate/oxaloacetate/phosphoenolpyruvate. Cells incubated with combinations of 2 substrates consumed oxygen at the same rate as cells incubated with 1 or no substrate, even though the total substrate utilization had increased. When promastigotes were incubated with both glycerol and glucose, the rate of glucose consumption was unchanged but glycerol consumption decreased about 50%, and the rate of 14CO2 production from [l,(3)-14C]glycerol decreased about 60%. Alanine did not affect the rates of consumption of glucose or glycerol, but decreased 14CO2 production from these substrates by increasing flow of label into alanine. Although glucose decreased alanine consumption by 70%, it increased the rate of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]- and [l-14C]alanine by about 20%. This is consistent with rapid equilibration of alanine with pyruvate derived from glucose and yet little decrease in the specific activity of the large alanine pool.
Determining How Libraries and Librarians Help.

This article examines the question, “What differences do libraries and librarians make?” primarily from the perspective of geographical communities. The article first states the reasons why this is an essential research question and describes the contributions of current public library planning tools to the determination of impact. It then takes a broad look at the framework that is essential for the intellectual development of this topic and the ability to answer the question, including methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks that will be discussed throughout. While the authors pose this research problem as an evaluation question, this article examines contributions of research in several areas—particularly professional practice, especially reference research that has been informed by qualitative methods—to its solution. Finally, the authors examine approaches to studying context as a framework for determining the impacts of library services and include a brief presentation of findings from a recent study of “How Libraries and Librarians Help: Context-Centered Methods for Evaluating Public Library Efforts at Bridging the Digital Divide and Building Community,” funded by the Institute of Museums and Library Services (IMLS). 1
Native arboreal land snails in the Mt Kaala Natural Area Reserve, Oahu, Hawaii, have similar plant preferences: implications for conservation

Wallace M. Meyer, III1, Deena T. A. Gary2, Norine W. Yeung2,3, Clarissa Dirks4, Kelley Leung2, Julian A. Leon2, Dylan T. B. Ressler2, Patrick A. Curry2 and Kenneth A. Hayes3,5 Department of Biology, Pomona College, 175 W 6th Street, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA 98505, USA; and Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
Impact of physical and biological factors on susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to new formulations of hydroprene

Three separate experiments were conducted to: (1) evaluate two new commercial formulations (202-080 and 202-084) of the insect growth regulator hydroprene, (2) determine residual efficacy of hydroprenetreated concrete stored at different environmental conditions, and (3) assess the impact of accumulated flour on residual efficacy. In the first test, late instars of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and Tribolium confusum (du Val), the confused flour beetle, were exposed on concrete treated with hydroprene. At 40% relative humidity (r.h.), there was no difference between species regarding the percentage of individuals that stopped development in the larval stage (arrested larvae), but at 75% r.h. there were more arrested T. castaneum than T. confusum in all treatments except the low rate of formulation 202-084. No adult T. castaneum lived after emergence (live adults) at either relative humidity, but the percentage of live adult T. confusum ranged from 1.0% to 41.0%, depending on treatment. In the second test, late instars of T. confusum were exposed at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment on concrete treated with the two experimental formulations and stored under different environmental conditions. At 6 weeks there was no difference between formulations. At 12 weeks, fewer live adults and more dead emerged adults with gross morphological deformities were found on concrete treated with formulation 202-084 and stored at 32C, 75% r.h. compared to other treatment combinations. In the final experiment, wheat flour was added to treated concrete for 5 weeks before the bioassays were conducted with late-instar T. confusum. There were few live adults produced in the initial bioassays, and dead adults with gross morphological deformities ranged from 83.1% to 97.6%. However, in bioassays conducted with late-instar larvae at 6 weeks, most adults eventually emerged with few deformities. The presence of the flour apparently compromised residual control and the hydroprene was no longer effective. In summary, the new hydroprene formulations were
Autonomous Genetic Analysis System to Study Space Effects on Microorganisms: Results from Orbit

We designed, built, tested, space-qualified, launched, and downlinked bioanalytical data from a fully autonomous free-flying space satellite that supports microorganism growth in multiple fluidic wells and monitors gene expression via fluorescence. GeneSat-1 (total mass: 4.4 kg) includes solar cells, integrated spacecraft "bus" module (power/batteries/control/bi-directional communications), and an insulated pressure vessel housing the biofluidic, optical, thermal, and sensor subsystems. Data were obtained over ~ 100 hr following nutrient introduction that re-animated two strains of E. coli, with culture growth tracked via light scattering and green fluorescent protein expression monitored in each of nine bacteria-containing fluidic wells. Stability of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity were monitored by multiple sensors, as were radiation events and acceleration in three axes. Data were telemetered to Earth over the course of several weeks during and after the biological growth-and-analysis process.
Evaluation of fabrication process for a novel Chip-to-Wafer (C2W) 3D integration approach using an alignment template

We proposed a novel Chip-to-Wafer (C2W) 3D integration approach using an alignment template and well-controlled wafer-level bonding. With an alignment template as position reference, this approach can align all the top chips to the template corners and bond them to the host wafer simultaneously, resulting in high throughput, few thermal cycles, precise alignment accuracy, and independence of commercial alignment tools. In this paper, several evaluation methods are used to further study the feasibility of this C2W 3D approach: unit fabrication processes are inspected by optical and/or surface profiler, chip edge and template sidewall definition is examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), stress evaluation is conducted based on wafer bow monitoring, alignment accuracy is checked through infrared (IR) imaging system, finally thermal reliability for bonded chip/wafer pairs is tested. Optimized fabrication process with improved chip-to-wafer alignment and bonding results are presented. Different designs of alignment template and their effects on alignment accuracy and wafer bow are also compared.
Granular-cell myoblastoma of the labium majus

Abstract A rare tumor of the labium with the microscopic appearance of granular-cell myoblastoma has been described, one of the features of which was the marked pscudoepithelial hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium. Simple enucleation with attached skin was performed with no recurrence to the present time. Eight cases of the tumor in this location have been reported up to the present with the great majority apparently of a benign or so-called “uniform” nature.
Growth and development: congenital adrenal hyperplasia-glucocorticoids and height.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is usually treated with steroid hormones, but these can inhibit growth when administered at high doses, especially during early to mid-adolescence. A retrospective observational study identifies the dose of glucocorticoids that should be used to maximize pubertal growth while achieving desired height.
Estimating mercury emissions resulting from wildfire in forests of the Western United States.

Understanding the emissions of mercury (Hg) from wildfires is important for quantifying the global atmospheric Hg sources. Emissions of Hg from soils resulting from wildfires in the Western United States was estimated for the 2000 to 2013 period, and the potential emission of Hg from forest soils was assessed as a function of forest type and soil-heating. Wildfire released an annual average of 3100±1900kg-Hgy(-1) for the years spanning 2000-2013 in the 11 states within the study area. This estimate is nearly 5-fold lower than previous estimates for the study region. Lower emission estimates are attributed to an inclusion of fire severity within burn perimeters. Within reported wildfire perimeters, the average distribution of low, moderate, and high severity burns was 52, 29, and 19% of the total area, respectively. Review of literature data suggests that that low severity burning does not result in soil heating, moderate severity fire results in shallow soil heating, and high severity fire results in relatively deep soil heating ( wood>foliage>litter>branches.
Rapid Growth and Financial-Market Volatility: The Deposit Boom in Ukraine

Ukraine has experienced both rapid growth and substantial price and financial volatility since its adoption of exchange-rate stability as the primary goal of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU). The increased financial intermediation of the population is a primary reason for these. I demonstrate that, despite the fixed exchange rate, financial markets remain largely isolated from Eurodollar markets. Inflation has not been pinned down by the fixed exchange rate, as the nominal-anchor literature would suggest, nor has it been proportional to money growth. The reason: a rapidly rising but volatile demand for broad money by the population. I report econometric results that demonstrate the links from deposit formation to credit growth and then to economic growth. I also link this deposit boom to the phenomenon of "excess liquidity", and provide suggestions for credit policies to eliminate this while maintaining the fixed exchange rate.
Interface illusions

Phishing (the act of conning a person into divulging sensitive information) commonly uses legitimate-looking Web sites that mimic the online interface of the institution the attacker is misrepresenting (usually a bank, merchant, or ISP). One way users can tell they are viewing a false Web site is to check the Web browser's address bar: the URL should match that of the actual institution, barring any vulnerabilities that permit spoofing the address bar or some types of DNS spoofing attack. However, recent phishing scams not only spoof an institution's Web site but also spoof the browser's address bar and display the correct URL.
UPPING THE ANTE ON HEPARIN DOSING: IS IT TIME FOR A CHANGE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS IN THE OBESITY ERA?

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is a Class I indication for the management of unstable angina (UA) and non-ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). However, optimal dosing in an increasingly obese population is unclear. Current guidelines recommend a bolus of 60 units/kg (max 4000 units) then an infusion of
Rotation numbers for certain maps of an n-od11The first author was partially supported by NSF grant DMS 9626303 and Humboldt Foundation and would like to thank G. Keller for inviting him to Erlangen University and useful discussions of the results, as well as Erlangen University for its hospitality; the second author was partially supported by NSF grant DMS 9704422.

Abstract We study maps of an n -od with the branching point fixed and show that sometimes it is possible to introduce rotation numbers and prove theorems similar to those known for the circle and the interval. We obtain additional results for n=3 . They explain the form of the sets of periods of periodic points for triod maps.
"Innovation Ecosystems: Benefits, Challenges, and Structures"

In recent years, the concept of innovation ecosystem has been a pivotal notion for academics and practitioners alike, and there has been an increase in the number of articles published. Yet, little...
Comparison of Dispersion and Regression Indices for Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae) Populations in Cotton

Dispersion indices, including Green's coefficient of dispersion ( Cx ), the standardized Morisita's coefficient ( Ip ), mean crowding ( m * ), Lloyd's “patchiness index” ( m * /m) and variance/mean ratio ( s 2/ m ), as well as Iwao's regression of m against the mean and Taylor's regression of log variance against log mean, were calculated for populations of female Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) infesting cotton. Comparisonhs show that Cx, Ip and m * / m as well as slopes from the regressions all indicated that the population was slightly aggregated. The variance/mean ratio fluctuated considerably more than other indices examined, which, when coupled with a strongly dependent relationship with the mean, suggested that this index may be less reliable than previously thought.
Autogenous Metallic Pipe Leak Repair in Potable Water Systems.

Copper and iron pipes have a remarkable capability for autogenous repair (self-repair) of leaks in potable water systems. Field studies revealed exemplars that metallic pipe leaks caused by nails, rocks, and erosion corrosion autogenously repaired, as confirmed in the laboratory experiments. This work demonstrated that 100% (N = 26) of 150 μm leaks contacting representative bulk potable water in copper pipes sealed autogenously via formation of corrosion precipitates at 20–40 psi, pH 3.0–11.0, and with upward and downward leak orientations. Similar leaks in carbon steel pipes at 20 psi self-repaired at pH 5.5 and 8.5, but two leaks did not self-repair permanently at pH 11.0 suggesting that water chemistry may control the durability of materials that seal the leaks and therefore the permanence of repair. Larger 400 μm holes in copper pipes had much lower (0–33%) success of self-repair at pH 3.0–11.0, whereas all 400 μm holes in carbon steel pipes at 20 psi self-repaired at pH 4.0–11.0. Pressure tests indic...
Focus on diagnosis: type 2 diabetes mellitus.

1. Kristi M. Cowell, MD* 1. *Resident in Medicine & Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by insulin resistance and a relative insulin deficiency leading to chronic hyperglycemia. With the increase in sedentary lifestyle and obesity among children and adolescents, the incidence of type 2 diabetes has risen dramatically in the last decade. Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes in children can be particularly challenging. Unfortunately, few large, long-term studies of type 2 diabetes in children exist. Many of the current recommendations for children are extrapolated from adult studies. Additionally, type 2 diabetes often evolves from years of progressively increasing insulin resistance without hyperglycemia, which can make the distinction between type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance conditions difficult and somewhat arbitrary. Patients may meet diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes by one test method and yet have normal results or “prediabetes” by another test method performed during the same time period. Fortunately, this distinction does not affect management recommendations significantly, which are the same for children who have “diet-controlled” type 2 diabetes, have “prediabetes,” or are “at high risk” for these conditions. Finally, children may have a form of diabetes mellitus that has features of both type 1 and type 2 disease, so-called “mixed diabetes” or “double diabetes.” Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia can present with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, nocturia, enuresis, weight loss, or vaginal candidiasis, but many children who have type 2 diabetes are asymptomatic. Although most commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis is the presenting symptom in 5% to 25% of adolescents who have type 2 diabetes. Inherited and acquired risk factors predispose children to type 2 diabetes. Obesity (particularly abdominal obesity), family history of type 2 diabetes, racial/ethnic background, puberty, and the presence of a condition associated with insulin resistance should prompt the pediatrician to consider the child's risk for developing type 2 …
STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND-ORDER ECHOES OF RADIOWAVE REFLECTED VERTICALLY FROM THE IONOSPHERE

In the study of ionospheric drift, the first-order echoes of radiowave reflected vertically from the ionosphere are usually employed. In this paper, attention is drawn to the possibility to deduce the parameters of ionospheric irregularities and drift from the fading records of second-order echoes observed by three close-spaced receivers. The author considered the reflection of radiowave from the ionosphere as diffraction by an equivalent screen on which the wave field is distributed at random. It is shown that the spatial and temporal correlation functions of second-order echoes field ρ_(E_2)(ξ,η,τ) may be expressed in terms of field correlation functions of first-order echoes ρ_(E_1)(1/2ξ,1/2η,τ) and ρ_(E_1)(3/2ξ,3/2η,τ). Therefore, the amplitude correlation function ρ_(A_1) of first-order echoes may be predicted from the observed amplitude correlation function ρ_(A_2) of second-order echoes, and vice versa. In other words, parameters of ionospheric irregularities and drift may be deduced from either the first or the second order echoes, and the applicability of the equivalent screen theory, the physical basis of the correlation analysis methods in the study of ionospheric drift, may be tested experimentally by comparing the results obtained simultaneously from first and second echoes. The influence of the small-scale irregularities on the measurement of radiowave absorption in the ionosphere is also discussed. It is shown that when the fluctuation of amplitude is caused merely by the small-scale irregularities, the ionospheric absorption L is given by the equation L=-10log(4 _2~2/_1~2). This is contrary to Ataev's results.
Development situation and countermeasures of Guangdong flower industry in the first half of 2014

In the first half of 2014, the product quality of flower industry in Guangdong was overall stable, the flower industry showed several breakthroughs in e-commerce, and there was a steady rise in export volume of the industry.However, the development of flower industry in Guangdong was facing with some serious problems, such as low international competitiveness, insufficient development of new breeds and low level of industry organization. Combined with the current depression of flower market, we suggest that the flower industry in Guangdong should focus more on the cultivation of "flower culture", develop demonstration zone of flower industry, change the sales direction of flower product and improve the ability of employees in the industry, in order to speed up the transformation and upgrading of the flower industry in Guangdong.
Penetrating facial trauma: a management plan.

ABSTRACT:Penetrating wounds of the face present a spectrum of injuries and multiple management dilemmas. The surgeon's first concern remains the establishment of a proper airway and control of life-threatening injuries. Selected ancillary diagnostic procedures should be used to confirm vascular, aer
Does physical therapy and rehabilitation improve outcomes for diabetic foot ulcers

One of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus is ulceration of the foot. Among persons with diabetes, 12%-25% will present to a healthcare institution for a foot disorder during their lifespan. Despite currently available medical and surgical treatments, these are still the most common diabetes-related cause of hospitalization and of lower extremity amputations. Thus, many adjunctive and complementary treatments have been developed in an attempt to improve outcomes. We herein review the available literature on the effectiveness of several treatments, including superficial and deep heaters, electro-therapy procedures, prophylactic methods, exercise and shoe modifications, on diabetic foot wounds. Overall, although physical therapy modalities seem to be useful in the treatment of diabetic foot wounds, further randomized clinical studies are required.
Humankind at the Crossroads

And so we arrive at the turning point, the crossroads, the decisive epoch in human history that will determine whether or not our species survives. Will the present generation be able to extract itself from the dilemmas that human history has created for it, dilemmas that only humans, unlike all other species, can consciously perceive and respond to? Is humankind up to forestalling its own self-inflicted extinction or not? For the disembodied scholar, there can be no more fascinating intellectual drama. For five billion flesh-and-blood human beings, the question and its answer are far more immediate.
OPIATE RECEPTORS: CURRENT ISSUES AND METHODOLOGIES

Publisher Summary The actions of opiates upon nervous tissue are mediated by specific receptors that bind opiates with high affinity and discriminate between the biologically active (−) isomers and the relatively inactive (+) isomers. This chapter describes current issues and methodologies of opiate receptors. Opiate receptors appear to be negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in neuroblastoma × glioma cells and in monkey amygdala. The question arises whether guanyl nucleotides regulate opiate binding by a direct allosteric interaction or indirectly through an interaction with a cyclase-GTP binding protein complex or both. The phenomena of tolerance and dependence raise the question as to whether brain opiate receptors undergo up or down regulation. There are three general cases that have been observed for opiate receptor-ligand interactions. First, a homogenous, noninteracting population of receptor sites may bind ligand according to the law of mass action. Second, there may be multiple, noninteracting receptor subtypes present that bind the ligand with differing affinities. Third, there may be a single population of receptor sites that binds the ligand in a cooperative manner.
Getting Started with Demand-Driven Acquisitions for E-Books: A LITA Guide

As Theresa S. Arndt, author of Getting Started with Demand Driven Acquisitions for E-Books: A LITA Guide, notes, libraries have always sought to purchase materials that users want. Barbara Quint's ...
Optimal control parameters for a UPFC in a multimachine using PSO

The crucial factor affecting the modern power systems today is load flow control. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is an effective means for controlling the power flow and can provide damping capability during transient conditions. The UPFC is controlled conventionally using PI controllers. The optimal design of the PI controllers for a UPFC is a challenging task and time consuming using the conventional techniques. This paper presents an approach using particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the design of optimal conventional controllers for a UPFC in a multimachine power system. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed PSO based approach for the design of optimal conventional controllers for a UPFC in a multimachine power system
Depth-First and Breadth-First Search

Depth-first search (DFS) and breadth-first search (BFS) are two of the most useful subroutines in graph algorithms. They allow one to search a graph in linear time and compile information about the graph. They differ in that the former uses a stack (LIFO) discipline and the latter uses a queue (FIFO) discipline to choose the next edge to explore.
Inhaler treatment prescription in adults in a primary care setting

Aim of the study was to assess the treatment of airway obstructive diseases in a sample of adult patients in a primary care setting in the city of Palermo, southern Italy. Seventeen general practitioners (GPs) participated in the study (January-June 2014). 583 adults (323 males) fulfilled a respiratory questionnaire and performed a spirometry. We evaluated doctor diagnosis of: asthma (A), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma plus chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ACOS), inhaler respiratory treatment. For screening purpose a cut-off of FEV1/FVC < 0.70 was considered as marker of airway obstruction (AO). We found:A-8%; COPD-12%; ACOS-4%; subjects not reporting respiratory disease (NRD)-76%. Inhaler treatment was present in: 56%-A; 40%-COPD; 62%-ACOS; 7%-NRD. Airway obstruction was found in 95 (16.3%) subjects: 26%-A; 30%-COPD; 43%-ACOS; 10%-NRD. Only 52% of AO subjects reported inhaler treatment: 83%-A; 69%-COPD; 67%-ACOS; 29%- NRD. Inhaler treatment prevalence was: 8%-long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and/or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA); 33%-LAMA and/or LABA and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS); 26%-LAMA and LABA and ICS; 2%-ICS; 31%-Other. In a logistic regression model, wheezing (OR=4.50), cough (OR= 2.12), and dyspnea (OR= 2.22), were predictors of treatment in overall sample, when adjusted for age, sex and smoking habit. In AO dyspnoea was the best predictor of inhaler respiratory treatment (OR= 3.61). This study points out that in a sample of adults in a primary care setting the inhaler respiratory treatment is underused with respect to diagnosis and airway obstruction. Respiratory symptoms, in particular dyspnea, appear to be predictors of GPs' inhaler prescription.
A Well-Behaved Woman Who Made History: Sister Mary Antona's Journey to Selma

This article is an historical study of the experiences of Sister Mary Antona Ebo, an African-American Sister of St. Mary who accompanied a northern contingent of priests, rabbis, ministers, nuns and laypeople to Selma, Alabama in March,1965. Their mission was to demonstrate peacefully for voting rights of black citizens of Alabama. Antona's story is unique in that she, as a sister of color, brings another dimension and perspective to the issue of racial problems and opens up another avenue to our understanding of an important time in American history. Antona's story of the journey to Selma is a poignant account of the experiences of one who was usually cloistered from the events of the secular world. When she heard of the events of Bloody Sunday and the vicious attacks on the Pettus Bridge from her employees at the hospital where she worked, she commented, "If it weren't for all of this [her religious habit and her responsibility to her order] I would be there myself." Little did she know that within twenty-four hours she would not only be face-to-face with the hostile white supremacist forces of Alabama, but a spokesperson for the demonstrators.
Toward Responsible Human Genome Editing.

Progress in genome editing has generated interest because of its promise to improve human health. The development of the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system1 has spurred a remarkable increase in research because this technique is more efficient, less costly, and easier to use than earlier protein-guided technologies such as zinc finger nucleases and TALENs. The speed at which the science is advancing raises important questions about human genome editing, such as how to balance potential benefits against risks of unintended harms, how to regulate the use of genome editing and incorporate societal values into policy decisions, and how to respect the diverse perspectives of individuals, nations, and cultures that will influence whether and how to use these technologies. A new report from the US National Academies of Sciences and Medicine2 addresses these questions and makes recommendations for the application and oversight of human genome editing in 3 major settings: (1) basic laboratory research; (2) clinical applications in somatic cells (whose effects would be limited to treated individuals); and (3) future potential clinical applications in germline cells (in which genetic changes would be inherited by future generations).
Digitizing more for less: Digital preservation at The College of New Jersey

ABSTRACTThis article explores the challenges faced and overcome by The College of New Jersey Library while digitizing a large amount of delicate material without any staff specially dedicated to the project and without any funds allocated specifically to support it. To achieve the project's goals without incurring additional cost, project management surveyed the utilization rates of existing library resources. This led to the discovery that underutilized resources and previously purchased equipment in the library could be assigned to the project, without negatively impacting other areas of the library. Allocating these resources to the project resulted in increased digitization progress without incurring additional staffing or equipment costs. Support from and collaboration with other departments on campus also assisted in staffing and promoting the project.
Inducible versus constitutive social immunity: examining effects of colony infection on glucose oxidase and defensin-1 production in honeybees

Honeybees use a variety of defence mechanisms to reduce disease infection and spread throughout the colony. Many of these defences rely on the collective action of multiple individuals to prevent, reduce or eradicate pathogens-often referred to as 'social immunity'. Glucose oxidase (GOX) and some antimicrobial peptides (e.g. defensin-1 or Def1) are secreted by the hypopharyngeal gland of adult bees on larval food for their antiseptic properties. Because workers secrete these compounds to protect larvae, they have been used as 'biomarkers' for social immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate if GOX and Def1 are induced after pathogen exposure to determine whether its production by workers is the result of a collective effort to protect the brood and colony in response to a pathogen challenge. Specifically, we quantified GOX and Def1 in honeybee adults before and after colony-level bacterial infection by American foulbrood ((AFB), Paenibacillus larvae). Overall, our results indicate that levels of GOX and Def1 are not induced in response to pathogenic infections. We therefore conclude that GOX and Def1 are highly constitutive and co-opted as mechanisms of social immunity, and these factors should be considered when investigating immunity at the individual and colony level in social insects.
Portability of Natural Language Systems

One major problem for the processing of human language on the computer is that the general public as well as industrial management and funding agencies do not fully understand the current limitations of natural language processing (NLP). This tends to result in frustrations for the researchers as well as for everybody else. The non-specialist is often lead to generalize too quickly from smart demonstrations and easily overestimates current technology. I don’t mean to suggest that anybody intentionally misleads or deceives anybody else. The fact of the matter rather is that the functioning of natural language is a good deal more complicated than is generally appreciated.
Metabolic Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment

Tumors are dynamic pseudoorgans that contain numerous cell types interacting to create a unique physiology. Within this network, the malignant cells encounter many challenges and rewire their metabolic properties accordingly. Such changes can be experienced and executed autonomously or through interaction with other cells in the tumor. The focus of this review is on the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment that leads to pathophysiologic interactions that are influenced and shaped by metabolism. They include symbiotic nutrient sharing, nutrient competition, and the role of metabolites as signaling molecules. Examples of such processes abound in normal organismal physiology, and such heterocellular metabolic interactions are repurposed to support tumor metabolism and growth. The importance and ubiquity of these processes are just beginning to be realized, and insights into their role in tumor development and progression are being used to design new drug targets and cancer therapies.
Language and the Power of Subordination: Achebe’s Integration of Nigerian Pidgin

Achebe uses Nigerian Pidgin English in his fiction to focus the identity of a range of characters and to give their discourse a down-to-earth dimension. As a non-elite discourse, moreover, Pidgin underscores cultural and class tensions. In particular, it draws attention to the inequities that mark relations between several power orders in Africa—inequities that lie at the heart of Achebe’s themes. Pidgin infuses with carnivalesque potency and irreverence the expressions of non-privileged characters, especially in relation to members of the educated elite. With its blend of elements from different languages, its vernacular frankness, and its rhythmic vitality, Pidgin not only reflects hierarchical structures in Achebe’s literary dramas, but also serves to challenge them.
Quantifying the impact of type 2 diabetes on brain perfusion using deep neural networks

The effect of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) on brain health is poorly understood. This study aims to quantify the association between T2D and perfusion in the brain. T2D is a very common metabolic disorder that can cause long term damage to the renal and cardiovascular systems. Previous research has discovered the shape, volume and white matter microstructures in the brain to be significantly impacted by T2D. We propose a fully-connected deep neural network to classify the regional Cerebral Blood Flow into low or high levels, given 16 clinical measures as predictors. The clinical measures include diabetes, renal, cardiovascular and demographics measures. Our model enables us to discover any nonlinear association which might exist between the input features and target. Moreover, our end-to-end architecture automatically learns the most relevant features and combines them without the need for applying a feature selection method. We achieved promising classification performance. Furthermore, in comparison with six (6) classical machine learning algorithms and six (6) alternative deep neural networks similarly tuned for the task, our proposed model outperformed all of them.
Assessing the learning outcomes of Fashion Design students who studied away

As we recognize the importance of global competency to a fashion student's education, we offer various opportunities for our students to be involved in international programs. Having several programs running simultaneously across the globe under one curriculum presented several challenges, such as discrepancies in learning outcomes, varied physical and emotional responses, and diverging acquired skillsets. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess learning outcomes for fashion design students, after studying away. Using online surveys, a total of 62 study away participants during academic year 2014-15 were invited, and 29 responses were collected (response rate = 46.7%), to find out where they studied away, and how prepared they felt regarding the list of knowledge/skills that are required as a senior design student. The findings from this study shed light on understanding our current students' perception of their learning outcomes after studying away, as well as their preparedness for the senior-level design coursework.
Self and Soul: Exploring the Boundary between Psychotherapy and Spiritual Formation:

As the field of mental health increasingly turns its attention to spirituality, Christian counseling is busily investigating how spiritual formation relates to psychotherapy. At the heart of these ...
Language Change and Language Contact

Mainstream historical linguistics came rather late to the knowledge that language contact can, and often does, lead directly to structural linguistic changes. Leading figures expressed a firm belief in severe constraints on structural interference; Meillet, for instance, believed that grammatical loans can only occur when the source and receiving systems are very similar (Meillet, 1921: 87), and Jakobson argued that “a language accepts foreign structural elements only when they correspond to its own tendencies of development” (Jakobson, 1962 [1938]: 241). These beliefs probably arose ultimately from a conviction that the Comparative Method would be threatened by the existence of extensive structural diffusion. It is no accident that Hugo Schuchardt, a major critic of what he saw as the Neogrammarians' intellectual rigidity in ignoring foreign interference, was the founder of pidgin/creole studies, because mixed languages like pidgins and creoles challenge the universality of the tidy family tree (see Thomason and Kaufman, 1988). In general, however, historical linguists have long tended to argue that a contact explanation for a change should be proposed only when all attempts to find a language-internal explanation have failed. Research over the past half century, starting with Weinreich's classic 1953 book Languages in contact, has brought about a recognition of the importance of language contact for explanations of many linguistic changes. In recent years, the trickle of monographs and even textbooks on language contact has become a flood (two of the most recent important treatments are Winford, 2003 and Clyne, 2003).
Estimation of the Optimal Iteration Number for Minimal Image Discrepancy

Due to noise, the iterative image reconstruction algorithms must stop early before reaching the convergence. There is an optimal stopping point, at which the discrepancy of the reconstruction to the true image reaches minimum. It is still an open problem to find this optimal stopping point. This paper establishes two approximate relationships toward solving this open problem. The first approximate relationship is between the iterative Landweber algorithm and an iteration-number-emulated filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm. The second approximate relationship is between the optimal iteration-number-emulated FBP reconstruction and the optimal projection-domain filtered data. These two relationships can help us to estimate the optimal stopping point.
The Effect of Distraction during Labor Induction on Timing of Analgesia Request: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective To assess whether distraction using music and/or video games influences timing of analgesia request and improves pain outcomes in women undergoing labor induction. Study Design A total of 219 pregnant women with singleton gestation undergoing labor induction with a Foley bulb (FB) at term were randomized to distraction with music and video games via iPod (n = 109) or no iPod (n = 110). The primary outcome was the time from FB placement to request for pain medication. Secondary outcomes included number of patients requesting pain medication within 6 and 12 hours, type of pain medication received, pain visual analog scale scores, and patient satisfaction. Mann–Whitney's, chi-square, Kaplan–Meier's curves, and Pearson's product moment correlation were used for statistical analysis (significance: p Results Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. There was no difference in the time from FB placement until pain medication request between the groups. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Increased per cent time of iPod use correlated with a longer time until pain medication request (R 2 = 0.22, p = 0.03). Conclusion We were not able to show that distraction using music and video games delays timing of analgesia request or improve pain outcomes in pregnant women undergoing mechanical labor induction at term.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE FELLOWSHIP RECRUITMENT: PROGRAM PERSPECTIVE OF TRAINEE FILE REVIEW

There has been continued interest in subspecialty training in cardiovascular disease with Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS®) reporting an average of 1350 applicants the past five years with an average of 450 applicants per program. With the high number of applicants, developing a