cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Coding of Carbon Dioxide and a Human Sweat Odorant in the Mosquito Brain

The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti employs olfaction to locate humans. We applied neural activity mapping to define the molecular and cellular logic of how the mosquito brain is wired to detect two human odorants that are attractive when blended together. We determined that the human breath volatile carbon dioxide (CO2) is detected by the largest unit of olfactory coding in the antennal lobe of the mosquito brain. Synergistically, CO2 detection gates pre-synaptic calcium signaling in olfactory sensory neuron axon terminals that innervate unique antennal lobe regions tuned to the human sweat odorant L-(+)-lactic acid. We propose that simultaneous detection of the signature human volatiles CO2 and L-(+)-lactic acid disinhibits a multimodal olfactory network for hunting humans in the mosquito brain.
Resistive Memories in Associative Computing

As CMOS scaling continues into the billion transistor era, power dissipation and off-chip bandwidth limitations are threatening to bring an end to microprocessor performance growth. Data-intensive applications such as data mining, information retrieval, video processing, and image coding demand significant computational power and generate substantial memory traffic, which places a heavy strain on both off-chip bandwidth and overall system power. Associative computing using ternary content-addressable memories (TCAM) is an attractive solution to curb both power dissipation and off-chip bandwidth demand in a wide range of data-intensive applications. When associative lookups are implemented using TCAM, data are processed directly on the TCAM chip, which decreases off-chip traffic and lowers bandwidth demand. Often, a TCAM-based system also improves energy efficiency by eliminating instruction processing and data movement overheads that are present in a purely RAM-based system. This chapter reviews TCAM designs using CMOS and resistive memory technologies and presents a case study on a novel memory system that aims at cost-effective, modular integration of a high-capacity TCAM within a general-purpose computing platform.
WKB asymptotics for the Euler–Maxwell equations

The Euler–Maxwell system of equations is a complex, hydrodynamical model for the description of laser–plasma interactions. We introduce non-dimensional variables, exhibit a small parameter e and study various WKB approximations with respect to e for this system.          ∂˜ � ∂˜ �
The Moses-Predöhl pull and the neoclassical location theory: An alternative approach

Abstract This paper shows that the appearance of the controversial Moses-Prednhl pull is due to the two-stage approach (the separation of the production decision and the location decision) which has been applied in the neoclassical location theory. It also shows the Moses-Prednhl pull is zero by using the well-known envelope theorem in the two-stage approach. Furthermore, it provides an alternative approach to show the Moses-Prednhl pull is zero by considering the production decison and the location decision simultaneously.
Law of Mass Action

The law of mass action is a powerful concept that describes the average behavior of a system that consists of many interacting parts such as molecules that react with each other, or viruses that are passed along from a population of infected individuals to nonimmune ones. In this chapter, we discuss the law of mass action in the context of a simple chemical system and lay the groundwork for later chapters where will apply it to issues as diverse as enzyme–substrate interactions, the spread of a disease, or the colonization of landscape patches.
Cinema and the two cultures: Robert Lepage's La face cachée de la lune

In his film La face cachee de la lune (2003), Robert Lepage uses reflexive strategies to question the transparency of representation and reflect on the relevance of conventions and boundaries. More particularly, this article examines Lepage's explorations of the boundaries between two cultures: science and art. First, it looks at the ways in which this film distinguishes analogical modes of thinking from empirical knowledge. Then, I examine the parallels that Lepage establishes between both modes of inquiry. By emphasizing the optical properties of the cinematic device, Lepage suggests that both the scientific and the cinematic modes of representation construct only partial visions of the world. However, I argue that Lepage's blurring of worldviews is not merely a meta-representational exploration of the poetics of cinema: it can also be interpreted as a discursive strategy to encourage cultural exchange. Ultimately, Lepage's highlighting of boundaries and optical processes invites spectators to broaden t...
Protection from Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Carcinoma by Interferons and an Oral Interferon-inducing Pyrimidinone, Bropirimine

Abstract Interferons (IFNs) have established activities as antivirals and inhibitors of viral and transplantable tumors. To establish whether IFNs or their inducers can affect induction of carcinogenesis in vivo, the bladder-specific carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) was administered in the diet at 0.11 or 0.13% (w/w) to female C3H/He mice beginning at 7 weeks of age. Mice treated with the IFN-inducing bropirimine [2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone] i.p. twice a week for 14 weeks starting on day 30 of start of FANFT feeding developed fewer transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) than mice treated with the vehicle. Bropirimine (200 mg/kg twice a week) orally resulted in even greater effectiveness: 6 of 43 bladders with TCC for bropirimine-treated mice versus 24 of 39 for control glycine buffer-treated mice (P
Autogenous Regulation of the Bacillus anthracis pag Operon

Protective antigen (PA) is an important component of the edema and lethal toxins produced by Bacillus anthracis. PA is essential for binding the toxins to the target cell receptor and for facilitating translocation of the enzymatic toxin components, edema factor and lethal factor, across the target cell membrane. The structural gene for PA, pagA (previously known as pag), is located on the 182-kb virulence plasmid pXO1 at a locus distinct from the edema factor and lethal factor genes. Here we show that a 300-bp gene located downstream of pagA is cotranscribed with pagA and represses expression of the operon. We have designated this gene pagR (for protective antigen repressor). Two pagA mRNA transcripts were detected in cells producing PA: a short, 2.7-kb transcript corresponding to the pagA gene, and a longer, 4.2-kb transcript representing a bicistronic message derived from pagA and pagR. The 3′ end of the short transcript mapped adjacent to an inverted repeat sequence, suggesting that the sequence can act as a transcription terminator. Attenuation of termination at this site results in transcription of pagR. A pagR mutant exhibited increased steady-state levels of pagA mRNA, indicating that pagR negatively controls expression of the operon. Autogenous control of the operon may involve atxA, a trans-acting positive regulator of pagA. The steady-state level of atxA mRNA was also increased in the pagR mutant. The mutant phenotype was complemented by addition of pagR in trans on a multicopy plasmid.
Safety criteria and model for mission-critical embedded software systems

A set of safety criteria for mission-critical embedded process control software systems is suggested, and a preliminary mathematical model of a safe system based on the criteria is described. The criteria are properties that, when possessed by an embedded process control software system, will support a safety requirement. The mathematical model uses a finite state machine representation to formalize the definitions and to enable one to prove safety properties mathematically. Some of the criteria presented are derived from specific requirements presently found in a variety of mission-critical process control embedded software systems. Others are derived from analogous requirements found in the computer security field. >
Sequential Diversity Imaging: Phase Diversity with AO Changes as the Diversities

A digital camera with an Adaptive Optic (AO) can be a phase diversity imager if the frame rate is about 10 times faster than the changing optical medium. Sequential images are the diverse images and the AO changes are the phase diversities.
Qualitative and quantitative methods: When stories converge

The use of qualitative measures in a quantitative framework results in a reasonable likelihood of triangulation; in contrast, the independent conduct of qualitative and quantitative evaluations is a greater challenge for triangulation, but it also holds promise for greater discovery.
Feeding Behavior and Host Preferences of Some Black Flies (Diptera:Simuliidae) in Wisconsin

A rapid method for capturing simuliids attracted to and feeding on hosts is described. Engorged and nonengorged specimens readily entered the trap. The method was superior to human visual observation in detecting black fly feeding activity on avian hosts. The blood-sucking females were divided into two categories, those feeding on birds (ornithophilic) and those feeding on mammals (mammalophilic). Most avian feeders exhibited marked habitat and stratification preferences. Differences in the number of flies attracted to various sizes of simultaneously exposed birds were significant at the 5% level. Except for the ornithophilic species occurring in woodland habitats, preferences for mammals and birds were (within the habitats studied) generally related more closely to host size than to any other apparent factor. Engorgement rates were closely related to the attractiveness of the hosts. Simulium meridionale Riley and Eusimulium aureum (Fries) were vectors of Leucocytozoon parasites to turkeys, as was S. rugglesi N. & M. to ducks. Prosimulium magnum D. & S., S. decorum Walk., S. luggeri N. & M., S. jenningsi Mall., S. venustum Say, and S. vittatum Zett. were occasional livestock pests.
A phase II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EMCA).

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of adding bevacizumab to adjuvant paclitaxel and carboplatin and as maintenance on progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EMCA). Methods A phase II trial was conducted in patients with measurable disease. Paclitaxel (175mg/m 2 /3h), carboplatin (AUC 5) and bevacizumab (15mg/kg) were administered q 21 days. Patients with a complete response after 6–8cycles received maintenance therapy with bevacizumab 15mg/kg q 21 days for 16cycles. Based on GOG 177 which had a 6-month PFS rate of 59%, an increase in 6-month PFS to 72% with the treatment regimen was considered of clinical interest. Results 15 patients were enrolled on protocol when accrual to the study was discontinued due to the initiation of a national randomized phase II trial. A total of 127 courses (median 8, range 1–20) of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab combination therapy were administered. One patient suffered a bowel perforation after her first course of therapy and was inevaluable for response. Fourteen of the 15 patients (93%, 95% CI: 82–100) were progression free at 6months. The median follow-up was 36months (7–58+). The median PFS was 18months (CI: 11–25). Five complete responses and 6 partial responses were seen for an overall response rate of 73% (CI: 45–91). The median overall survival was 58months (CI: 48–68). Conclusions The bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin regimen is active and tolerable in advanced and recurrent EMCA. Its impact awaits results of the recently completed randomized phase II trial.
Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase is inactivated by calpain-mediated proteolysis in stimulated human platelets.

Abstract Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase (4-phosphatase), an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-position phosphate of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, was shown to be a substrate for the calcium-dependent protease calpain in vitro and in stimulated human platelets. Stimulation of platelets with the calcium ionophore, A23187, resulted in complete proteolysis of 4-phosphatase and a 75% reduction in enzyme activity. Thrombin stimulation of platelets resulted in partial proteolysis of 4-phosphatase and a 41% reduction in enzyme activity (n = 8, range of 36-51%). In addition, preincubation with the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, suppressed the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate in thrombin-stimulated platelets by 36% (n = 2, range = 35-37%). These data suggest that the calpain-mediated inhibition of 4-phosphatase is involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate accumulation in thrombin-stimulated platelets.
Moving forward with research on the prevention of violence against workers

OVERVIEW: This article highlights the major issues discussed at the Workplace Violence Intervention Research Workshop convened in April 2000. It includes discussion of impediments to developing research on interventions that address violence against workers, and it suggests directions for establishing a research agenda. To identify potential interventions strategies, the article provides examples to demonstrate the utility of developing interventions described in two distinct conceptual frameworks developed by William Haddon. Language: en
Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks, 1941–1943

Considering how important it is in the history of the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, the Second World War has received too little attention from historians outside the region. Marko Attila Hoare...
Exacerbation of Facial Herpes Simplex after Phenolic Face Peels

The development of widespread herpes simplex on the face after phenolic face peels is not considered rare. Precaution in choosing patients is recommended. Four cases of acute exacerbation of herpes simplex are presented in patients who had recently undergone phenolic face peels.
Hydrolytically stable amino-silica glass coating material for manipulation of the electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis

A hydrolytically stable amino-silica glass coating material was fabricated inside fused-silica capillaries, using sol-gel technology. Aminopropyltriethoxysilane was used as the precursor in the glass formation process. The net charge at the surface of the coating material depends on the degree of protonation of the amino groups and the degree of ionization of the silanol groups, thus enabling manipulation of the magnitude and direction of the electroosmotic flow (EOF). At low pH ( 6.5), the coating surface bears a net negative charge and the coated capillary behaves like an uncoated one, having an EOF in the cathodic direction. The amino-silica glass coating has also been shown to be extremely stable under both acidic and basic conditions. The reproducibility of the electroosmotic mobility of five different capillaries was found to be 7% R.S.D. The utility of the material is shown with the separation of basic proteins, peptides and basic compounds.
On the mathematical analysis of stress in the human femur.

Abstract A mathematical model for the behavior of the human femur is used to examine the effect of muscle forces on the resulting stresses and strain energy during a one-legged stance. The results show that tension in the tensor faciae latae can very effectively serve to counteract bending stresses in the femur while also reducing the strain energy. It was found that the choice of mathematical model to represent the behavior of the femur is important. Stresses in the femur are calculated using both beam theory and a continuum theory in the form of a finite element computer program. The analyses include joint and muscle loadings. The results of the study show that beam theory is appropriate for the calculation of stresses in the shaft of the femur, but gives an inaccurate picture of the stress distribution in the regions of the greater trochanter and the femoral head as well as the areas of muscle attachment. In these regions a continuum theory is required.
Enhancing young people's social competence and health behavior: An important challenge for educators, scientists, policymakers, and funders

Abstract Large numbers of America's young people engage in multiple high-risk behaviors that may jeopardize their health and social development. Given the gravity of this situation, many federal agencies and national organizations have called for the implementation of school-based K-12 social competence and health promotion programs. Unfortunately, there is a gap between the comprehensive programs that policymakers are asking educators to implement and the limited scope, duration, and intensity of state-of-the-art health promotion programs that scientists have developed and evaluated. As a result, most schools currently adopt well-marketed programs that lack documented effectiveness. Although current research indicates that brief, well-designed, theory-driven competence promotion and health education programs produce short-term benefits, there have been no controlled, longitudinal field studies to evaluate the long-term effects of K-12 efforts. This paper proposes that policymakers and funding agencies support long-term collaborations among educators and scientists to develop and evaluate K-12 comprehensive social competence and health education programs and identifies critical issues that funded projects should address.
Sound absorption in an anisotropic periodically layered fluid-saturated porous medium

Abstract A study was made of harmonic plane wave propagation through an anisotropic, periodically layered, fluid-saturated, porous medium. Biot's theory was used to describe the constitutive equations of a fluid-saturated porous solid. Employing the idea of introducing fundamental elasticity tensors, the field equations governing the wave propagation were derived in terms of first-order ordinary differential equations. Propagator matrix formulation was adopted to treat the periodically layered property. The reflection at oblique incidence between fluid and a fluid-saturated material, backed by a rigid impervious surface, was determined and the sound-absorption coefficient of the material was obtained. The calculated results agree well with the experimental results.
Experimental demonstration of artificial dielectrics with a high index of refraction

Recently, it has been suggested that metamaterials with high refractive index can be constructed using metal gratings with periodic subwavelength slits [J. T. Shen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 94, 197401 (2005)]. We designed such metamaterials and investigate their transmittance and reflectance in the terahertz frequency range. The spectra can be directly compared to that of a conventional dielectric slab with effective refractive index of $n\ensuremath{\simeq}5.5$. As theoretically predicted, the effective index of refraction only depends on the ratio of the width of the slits to the periodicity of the gratings. Existing small differences to the dielectric slab are discussed.
Menstrual cycle, tolerance and blood alcohol level discrimination ability☆

Relationships between variations in blood alcohol level (BAL) and blood alcohol level discrimination accuracy were investigated as a function of menstrual cycle, hormonal variations, and behavioral tolerance to alcohol in 20 female social drinkers. All subjects consumed a moderate dose of alcohol on three occasions during one complete menstrual cycle. Subjects estimated their level of intoxication eight times during each drinking session. Each subject's behavioral tolerance to alcohol each session was assessed by a body sway procedure. Subjects also completed detailed questionnaires on symptoms related to menstrual period and familial history of alcohol use. Contrary to earlier reports, (1) no difference in total time of intoxication or in other indices of ethanol metabolism was found between women (N = 9) who were not taking birth control pills and those (N = 11) who were and (2) no difference was found in peak BAL as a function of menstrual cycle phase. Stage of menstrual cycle did not affect the accuracy of BAL estimation. A trend approaching significance suggested that, with increasing BAL, women in the oral contraceptive group were more accurate in their estimates of intoxication. A significant interaction between menstrual cycle phase and tolerance levels was found; high tolerant women were significantly less accurate than low tolerant women in estimating BAL during the midcycle phase of the menstrual cycle.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Periodically Fully Developed Swirling Laminar Flows in Twisted Tubes With Elliptical Cross Sections

Periodically fully-developed swirling laminar flows in twisted tubes with elliptical cross sections are computationally simulated. The tubes are helically twisted and their geometry is described by the 180° twist ratios y of 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0, and ellipse cross-section aspect ratio of 0.7. Constant-property flow of water (nominal Pr = 3.0) with a Reynolds number range of 10 to 1200 is considered. The analysis quantifies the improvement in the Nusselt number as well as the increase in friction factor in order to map the effective heat transfer enhancement due to the twisted-tube-geometry-induced swirl flows. To this effect, the numerical results are compared with the baseline cases having a twist ratio of y = infinity, or straight elliptical cross-section tubes for which well established correlations are available. Numerical results show that the friction factor and the Nusselt number are a strong function of the twist ratio and the Reynolds number. The increase in fRe and Nu is higher as the twist becomes tighter (lower values of y). For Reynolds numbers below about 100, the heat transfer results do not deviate significantly from the straight-tube values, but at higher values of Re, significant enhancement in heat transfer is evident for all twist ratios considered here. The friction factor and Nusselt number results provided in this paper will help practicing engineers in integrating twisted elliptical tubes in various heat transfer applications.© 2009 ASME
dictyBase 2013: integrating multiple Dictyostelid species

dictyBase (http://dictybase.org) is the model organism database for the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. This contribution provides an update on dictyBase that has been previously presented. During the past 3 years, dictyBase has taken significant strides toward becoming a genome portal for the whole Amoebozoa clade. In its latest release, dictyBase has scaled up to host multiple Dictyostelids, including Dictyostelium purpureum [Sucgang, Kuo, Tian, Salerno, Parikh, Feasley, Dalin, Tu, Huang, Barry et al.(2011) (Comparative genomics of the social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum and Dictyostelium purpureum. Genome Biol., 12, R20)], Dictyostelium fasciculatum and Polysphondylium pallidum [Heidel, Lawal, Felder, Schilde, Helps, Tunggal, Rivero, John, Schleicher, Eichinger et al. (2011) (Phylogeny-wide analysis of social amoeba genomes highlights ancient origins for complex intercellular communication. Genome Res., 21, 1882–1891)]. The new release includes a new Genome Browser with RNAseq expression, interspecies Basic Local Alignment Search Tool alignments and a unified Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search for cross-species comparisons.
ONO-AE3-208 inhibits myeloid derived suppressor cells and glioma growth

Meeting abstracts Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) heavily infiltrate in a variety of solid tumors and suppress anti-tumor T-cell activity. Our recent studies have demonstrated the ability of monocytic, Ly6C+ MDSCs to promote glioma growth through the activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2
A STRUCTURE-PRESERVING TRAINING TARGET FOR SUPERVISED SPEECH SEPARATION

Supervised learning based speech separation has shown considerable success recently. In its simplest form, a discriminative model is trained as a time-frequency masking function, where the training target is an ideal mask. Ideal masks, such as the ideal binary masks, are structured spectro-temporal patterns. However, previous formulations do not model prominent output structure. In this paper, we propose an alternative training target that is explicitly related to mask structure. We first learn a compositional model of the square-root ideal ratio mask that is closely related to the Wiener filter. Instead of directly estimating the ideal mask values, we learn to predict the weights for resulting mask-level spectro-temporal bases, which are then used to generate the estimated masks. In other words, the discriminative model is used to predict the parameters of a generative model of the target of interest. Experimental results show consistent improvements in low SNR conditions by adopting the new training target.
Postmodernism comes to program evaluation III: A critical review of Stringer's Action Research: A Handbook for Practitioners

Abstract Stringer's Action Research: A Handbook for Practitioners reflects the impact of postmodern critical thinking upon models of human service practice. This includes such a radical break from traditional applied social science research methods — including Lewin's original concept of “action research” — that Stringer's model seems better termed “humanistic practice” than “action research.” The book itself does a fine job in spelling out the appealing values of critical-theory-informed practice: it is “democratic,” “equitable,” “liberating,” and “life-enhancing”; and it involves relationships that are “equal” and “cooperative,” communication that is “attentive” and “advisory”, participation that is “involving” and “personal”, and participation that is highly “inclusive.” In addition, Stringer makes the model very accessible to practitioners by packaging it in a “look-think-act” format. Concerns raised about Stringer's model include the lack of empirical evidence presented for its effectiveness, its apparent antagonism to the concept of such evidence, and its lack of consideration of the issue of “quality criteria” in knowledge generation (such as positivistic “reliability” and “validity”, or postmodern “credibility,” “authenticity,” and “fairness.”) In addition, the book suffers from the lack of an extended case study to illustrate the model in action across the total context and complexity of a complete social program.
Whole-cell recordings of light evoked excitatory synaptic currents in the retinal slice

We use the whole-cell patch clamp technique to study the synaptic circuitry that underlies visual information processing in the retina. In this video, we will guide you through the process of performing whole-cell recordings of light evoked currents of individual cells in the retinal slice preparation. We use the aquatic tiger salamander as an animal model. We begin by describing the dissection of the eye and show how slices are mounted for electrophysiological recordings. Once the slice is placed in the recording chamber, we demonstrate how to perform whole-cell voltage clamp recordings. We then project visual stimuli onto the photoreceptors in the slice to elicit light-evoked current responses. During the recording we perfuse the slice with pharmacological agents, whereby an 8-channel perfusion system allows us to quickly switch between different agents. The retinal slice preparation is widely used for patch clamp recordings in the retina, in particular to study amacrine or bipolar cells, which are not accessible in a whole-mount preparation.
Applied Cognition: Testing the Effects of Independent Silent Reading on Secondary Students’ Achievement and Attribution

This study implemented an independent silent reading (ISR) program with 145 10th grade students. Students were measured on total reading ability, vocabulary, reading comprehension, a state-mandated high stakes end-of-course test (EOCT), and reading attribution. After controlling for initial skill and disposition levels, the results indicated that students from the ISR groups made greater gains than the control group in total reading ability, reading comprehension, EOCT reading scores, and success/ability attribution. This research offers much-needed data on secondary students’ reading achievement and disposition and provides evidence for one method, ISR, that has broad potential to address development in these areas.
Multiple-dose ciprofloxacin kinetics in normal subjects

To determine multiple-dose kinetics of the quinoline carboxylic acid derivative ciprofloxacin, we gave 12 normal subjects ciprofloxacin, 250 mg by mouth every 12 hr for 13 doses. Plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC after the first, seventh, and thirteenth doses. Peak and trough plasma concentrations were measured daily. Ciprofloxacin was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and reached maximum serum concentrations about 1 hr after dosing. Ciprofloxacin elimination t1/2 increased from 3.71 hr after the first dose to 6.51 hr after the thirteenth dose (P less than 0.05). Apparent plasma clearance decreased from 0.823 to 0.629 l/kg/hr because of decreased nonrenal clearance. Drug cumulation did not occur throughout the experiment. We conclude that concentrations of ciprofloxacin in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for many important pathogens can be achieved in plasma and that controlled clinical trials of ciprofloxacin efficacy in selected systemic infections are warranted.
ARF-B2: A Protein Complex that Specifically Binds to Part of the Anaerobic Response Element of Maize Adh 1

Crude whole cell extracts from maize (Zea mays L.) suspension cells were examined for DNA binding proteins that specifically interact with a portion of the maize Adh 1 promoter that was previously shown to be in contact with a trans-acting factor in vivo. A 17 base pair, double-stranded oligonucleotide probe was constructed that centered around a strong in vivo dimethylsulfate footprint (B2) that coincides with part of the anaerobic response element (ARE). Gel retardation assays were used to characterize a major, specific DNA binding protein activity found in the crude extracts. The activity is present in both aerobic and hypoxically treated cultures and has been designated ARF-B2 (ARE binding factor). ARF-B2 appears to be a multicomponent complex, with a 54 kilodalton subunit termed ARF-B2α in primary contact with the target DNA.
Incidence of spontaneous autopolyploidy in cultured populations of white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

Many fish of aquacultural importance including sturgeon and paddlefish have a history of polyploidy in their evolutionary lineages. Spontaneous autopolyploids have been detected in several sturgeon species in culture despite the fact that the induction of triploidy is not a management tool in farming sturgeon for meat and caviar. In 2010, we discovered two female spontaneous autopolyploid white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) on a commercial caviar farm that had successfully produced offspring of intermediate ploidy in crosses with normal males. Here we use flow cytometry and microsatellite genotyping to screen a second aquaculture program for the presence of spontaneous autopolyploids. Flow cytometry of female parents and their progeny in the 2011 year class created by the Kootenai River white sturgeon conservation aquaculture program revealed that wild caught females used as dams possessed normal ploidy (8N). Five of ten families sampled from the 2011 year class contained spontaneous autopolyploids possessing DNA content consistent with dodecaploidy (12N). The percent of autopolyploid individuals sampled ranged from 0 to 33% per family, and the total number of spontaneous autopolyploids in the 2011 year class was 12/150 (8%). Microsatellites were not useful in detecting spontaneous autopolyploids in the conservation aquaculture program due to low levels of genetic diversity in the endangered Kootenai River population. The two families with the highest incidence of spontaneous autopolyploids (33% and 26% of offspring sampled) were sired by a single male, suggesting a paternal effect on the generation of spontaneous autopolyploids in white sturgeon.
CURRICULUM AUGMENTATION: AN APPLICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS

This study was designed to test the feasibility and appropriateness of curriculum augmentation, the process of further developing and strengthening available curricular materials along specified dimensions. The curriculum selected for augmentation in this study was an elementary school social studies unit entitled A House of Ancient Greece, developed in the MATCH Project of the Boston Children's Museum. Following a preliminary analysis, it was decided to augment A House of Ancient Greece by producing a modified Teacher's Guide (containing affective and cognitive learning objectives stated in terms of pupil performance expectations and suggested pupil assessment procedures), an audio tape to supplement the kit materials, and a teacher education component.
Setting boundary conditions on the part-set cuing effect

The effects of part-set cues were compared in free-recall and nonfree-recall retention tasks. During word presentation in Experiment 1, subjects read or completed fragments of list members. Output tasks were either fragment-completion or free-recall tests, both of which were cued or uncued. Although part-set cues inhibited recall, they did not influence fragment completion. Absence of negative cuing effects in fragment completion is contrary to research reported by Peynircioglu (1989) and suggests that cues are inhibitory when items are retrieved relationally but not when items are retrieved individually. Or, alternatively, cues may only be inhibitory when subjects consciously attempt retrieval. To test this idea, in Experiment 2, subjects were given indirect- or direct-memory associative tests, which were compared with free recall. In the indirect test, subjects were given stimulus words and were asked to provide a free associate for each; in the direct test, subjects were asked to recall an appropriate list member for each stimulus word. Part-set cues reduced recall but did not influence performance on either of the associative tasks. Overall, these results suggest that negative cuing is more likely to occur when items are retrieved relationally rather than individually.
Vibration and stability of non-conservative follower force systems

Abstract The equation which Hamilton called the “Law of Varying Action”, is applied to obtain direct analytical solutions to stationary, conservative and non-conservative follower force systems with various loadings and various constraints. The magnitude of the load required to produce buckling at zero frequency and/or to produce flutter, i.e., instability at non-zero frequency, is calculated. Frequency response curves and mode configurations are presented. Results from the direct analytical solution are compared to results from exact solutions for the few exact solutions which could be found in the literature. Several examples involving applied follower couples, both discrete and continuous, to which no published solutions could be found, are also presented. The paper clearly demonstrates the simplicity, generality, and accuracy available from Hamilton's law.
Leukotriene D4 reduces coronary blood flow in the anesthetized dog

We studied the effects of intracoronary administration of leukotriene (LT)D4 on coronary blood flow and myocardial function in chloralose anesthetized dogs. For comparison, the effects of injections of U-46619 were examined in the same dogs. Both LTD4 and U-46619 decreased coronary blood flow, left ventricular dP/dt and cardiac output. LTD4 was ten times more potent than U-46619 in decreasing coronary blood flow. The effects of neither drug were different after indomethacin administration.
Optimizing velocities and transports for complex coastal regions and archipelagos

Abstract We derive and apply a methodology for the initialization of velocity and transport fields in complex multiply-connected regions with multiscale dynamics. The result is initial fields that are consistent with observations, complex geometry and dynamics, and that can simulate the evolution of ocean processes without large spurious initial transients. A class of constrained weighted least squares optimizations is defined to best fit first-guess velocities while satisfying the complex bathymetry, coastline and divergence strong constraints. A weak constraint towards the minimum inter-island transports that are in accord with the first-guess velocities provides important velocity corrections in complex archipelagos. In the optimization weights, the minimum distance and vertical area between pairs of coasts are computed using a Fast Marching Method. Additional information on velocity and transports are included as strong or weak constraints. We apply our methodology around the Hawaiian islands of Kauai/Niihau, in the Taiwan/Kuroshio region and in the Philippines Archipelago. Comparisons with other common initialization strategies, among hindcasts from these initial conditions (ICs), and with independent in situ observations show that our optimization corrects transports, satisfies boundary conditions and redirects currents. Differences between the hindcasts from these different ICs are found to grow for at least 2–3 weeks. When compared to independent in situ observations, simulations from our optimized ICs are shown to have the smallest errors.
Microwave Antenna Analysis

The diffraction theory of Stratton and Chu is applied to a calculation of the vertical polar diagram and the gain of a parabolic cylindrical antenna. This antenna is fed by a line source having a known energy distribution and polarization. A numerical calculation for a particular profile is carried out, and the results are compared with those obtained experimentally. Satisfactory agreement between these results is found.
Moral judgment and self-reported moral events in adulthood

As part of a 13-year study of the development of reasoning about the Good Life and moral judgment, 29 middle-class, well-educated adults, ranging in age from 18 to 80 years, were interviewed twice, 4 years apart on Standard Form Moral Judgment interviews and were asked to describe their own moral events that occurred recently. Both times, the average moral judgment score on the hypothetical dilemmas was about stage 4. The reasoning in the spontaneously reported moral events was significantly lower, although the two scores were highly correlated. Difference scores between the two were not related to scores on the hypothetical dilemmas. While there were no significant gender differences in scores on the hypothetical dilemmas, there were in scores on spontaneously reported events favoring males. The philosophic quality of the reported events could be easily categorized by traditional moral-philosophic categories; about half of the events contained traditional deontic moral content (moral right); the other half contained material defined as the moral good. The context of most events was interpersonal as opposed to societal. The most frequent issue discussed concerned honesty about financial issues, particularly income tax evasion. Ways to expand the research on adult moral experience are discussed.
W2Cl4(NR2)2(PR‘3)2 Molecules. 8. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Both Cis Isomers of Stoichiometry W2Cl4(NHR)2(PMe3)2, R = Et, Prn, and Bun. Direct Evidence Favoring an Internal Flip Mechanism for Cis−Trans Isomerization

The triply-bonded ditungsten(III) complexes of stoichiometry W2Cl4(NHR)2(PMe3)2 (R = Et, Prn, Bun) are formed by a two-step, one-pot, synthesis from the reaction of W2Cl6(THF)4 with the appropriate alkylamines NH2R (R = Et, Prn, Bun), followed by phosphine substitution. The dinuclear species W2Cl4(NHR)2(NH2R)2 are the probable intermediate complexes for such reactions. In each case, three isomeric forms have been detected in solution by 31P{1H}NMR spectroscopy, and they are formulated as the trans isomers and the two types of cis isomers possessing Ci and C2 symmetries. It has also been shown that the trans isomers are the initial (kinetic) products irrespective of the R group. The X-ray crystallographic characterization of the Ci isomer of cis-W2Cl4(NHEt)2(PMe3)2 (1), the C2 isomer of cis-W2Cl4(NHPrn)2(PMe3)2 (2), and the C2 isomer of cis-W2Cl4(NHBun)2(PMe3)2 (3a,b) has been accomplished. Crystallographic data are as follows: compound 1, triclinic space group P1, a = 7.4366(2) A, b = 8.8618(6) A, c = 9...
Viral imitations of host defense proteins. Flattery that turns to battery.

CASE PRESENTATION A 40-year-old Indian woman with Takayasu's arteritis presented to the National Naval Medical Center with chest pain of 1 day's duration. One year previously, she had presented with malaise, diminished left upper extremity pulses, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis had been made by angiographic demonstration of stenosis of the left subclavian artery. She had been treated initially with 1 mg/kg per day of prednisone with angiographically evident improvement, and the drug dosage had been tapered over the past year to 10 mg of prednisone every other day. On the day of admission she noted constant, sharp left chest pain without radiation and without dyspnea. Her past medical history was otherwise unremarkable. The physical examination revealed a woman who appeared well nourished. Her temperature was 38.5°C orally. Her heart rate was 92 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 126/78 mm Hg.
Effect of Cross-Link Density on Interphase Creation in Polymer Nanocomposites

The thermal and dynamic behavior of epoxy nanocomposites with varying cross-link density was tested via dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to determine the influence of cross-link density on the creation of “interphase”, zones of altered polymer properties near polymer−particle interfaces. The results show that the inclusion of nanoparticles creates an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) at low cross-link density and a decrease in Tg at higher cross-link densities. This phenomenon suggests that two mechanisms work in tandem to alter the Tg of epoxy systems, with relative magnitudes determined by cross-link density: (1) network disruption at the nanotube−polymer interfaces leading to lower Tg and (2) interphase creation leading to retarded dynamics, resulting in higher Tg. Results show that as cross-link density increases, the length scale of cooperatively rearranging regions (CRRs) decreases. This decrease hinders communication of the dynamics between adjacent CRRs, thereby reducing...
Evaluation of an Employer-Sponsored Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Program:

This study evaluated a competition-based employer-sponsored physical activity program using pedometers. City employees (N∼2,600) formed teams in groups of 10 persons (N = 640). The groups competed against each other over a 12-wk. period with the goal of attaining 10,000 steps per day, per person. Only teams with complete data were included in the formal evaluation. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences in team steps by week of the program, with post hoc comparisons indicating significant differences from baseline step counts evident during Weeks 6–8 but not at the end of the program. These data confirm that competition-based physical activity programs using pedometers may not be an effective means of increasing the long-term physical activity of employees.
Vegetation Recovery and Fuel Reduction after Seasonal Burning of Western Juniper

The decrease in fire activity has been recognized as a main cause of expansion of North American woodlands. Pinon-juniper habitat in the western United States has expanded in area nearly 10-fold since the late 1800s. Woodland control measures using chainsaws, heavy equipment, and prescribed fire are used to restore sagebrush steppe plant communities. We compared vegetation recovery following cutting and prescribed fire on three sites in late Phase 2 (mid succession) and Phase 3 (late succession) western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) woodlands in southeast Oregon. Treatments were partial cutting followed by fall broadcast burning (SEP); clear-cut and leave (CUT); and clear-cut and burn in early winter (JAN), late winter (MAR), and spring (APR); and untreated controls. Cover and density of herbaceous, shrub, and tree layers were measured. Five years after treatment, perennial bunchgrasses dominated two sites and co-dominated, with invasive annual grasses, at one site. Except for Sandberg blue-grass (Poa secunda J. Presl), cover and density of bunchgrasses, perennial and annual forbs, and annual grasses increased following treatments at all three sites and were greater than in controls. At each site, shrub, herbaceous, and ground cover response variables equalized or had begun to converge among treatments during the fourth or fifth year following application. SEP and APR treatments were mostly effective at reducing fuel sizes up to and including 1000-hr fuels while JAN and MAR treatments only consumed 1-hr and 10-hr fuels. Winter burning treatments (JAN, MAR) and the CUT treatments did not kill small junipers and seedlings and require additional tree control for sites to fully recover to functional sagebrush-herbaceous plant communities. The results demonstrate that juniper treatments are needed to recover sagebrush steppe plant communities.
ON THE IMPORT INTENSITY OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION

SUMMARY This paper deals with several issues related to the impact of import substitution on a country's demand for imports. With the help of a simple model, it points out that once a given rate of growth has been reached and is maintained through time, the fact that investment expenditures have a high import component will not give rise to balance of payments difficulties, as the direct impact of this year's investment on the demand for imports should be more than offset by last year's investment in the import substituting industry now coming to fruition. The pressures on the balance of payments will arise during the transition period when a country is attempting to step up capital formation in the import substituting sector. The paper also emphasizes the need to take into account all direct and indirect repercussions of an increase in investment on the demand for imports when estimating the foreign exchange savings to be realized from a given investment project. The second part of the paper considers the likely effects of a change in the relative prices of imports on the manufacturing sector producing goods previously imported, but which still relies on imported raw materials and intermediate products, and on the demand for imports. Several reasons are given for a presumption against a high price elasticity in the demand for imports, based on the derived nature of a large component of such demand. Given these structural conditions the alternatives open to a policy maker in a semi-industrialized country facing the need to cut back imports are likely to be quite grim.
Illumination compensation methods for automatic fiber connector inspection

Unevenly distributed image illumination is a problem in an automatic machine visual inspection system used for fiber connector defect detection. This unevenly distributed illumination makes it difficult to find an appropriate horizontal threshold to convert a gray-scale image to a binary image to separate surface defects, such as blobs and scratches, from the background of the connector. This paper proposes some effective methods to compensate the unevenly distributed illumination problem so that standard image processing methods can be used effectively to detect the defects of the fiber connectors.