cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A DC Electronic Current Transformer Based on the Giant Magneto-resistance Effect

With the wide application of DC transmission line in the power system,the requirement on the accurate measurement of DC current is urgent.A novel DC current measurement method based on the giant magneto-resistance is presented.The static input-output characteristic of giant magneto-resistance sensor,and the influence of temperature are studied.On that basis,the overall structure of DC electronic current transformer is designed.The non-linear characteristic of the giant magneto-resistance sensor is analysed,and a non-linear compensation method proposed.Measurement results verify the proposed method.
Achieving Remission and Favorable Outcomes in Patients with Depression/Anxiety and Substance use Disorders

Given the frequency with which patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and those with psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), suffer relapses and recurrences, the issue of long-term treatment for SUDs warrants special attention. Faced with recommending long-term treatment, the clinician must discern the primacy of disorder, which may have been only obliquely addressed at the time of the patient's presentation and then solved by concurrent treatment. Establishing primacy relies on determining whether the psychiatric symptoms were induced by SUD or the psychiatric disorder emerged first and substance use was a means of coping with it. A third possibility exists—that the two disorders developed independently of each other, albeit becoming intermingled over time and serving to exacerbate each other. Clues to the temporal relationship of the disorders can be deduced from a meticulous history obtained from multiple sources, the effects that acute treatment has had on either condition, and the patient's willingness to remain abstinent from the addictive substance. Hasin and colleagues demonstrated the importance that a history of depression has on long-term remission and relapse outcomes in substance dependence (Slide 1).
Stochastic longshore current dynamics

GoMRI/BP; National Science Foundation [PHYS-1066293]; J. T. Oden Fellowship program at U. Texas, Austin; [NSF-DMS-1109856]
Combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is highly active in women with endometrial carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer remains problematic, because chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have yielded low response rates and limited progression-free survival. Because the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin demonstrated synergism in preclinical studies, the authors attempted to determine the efficacy and toxicity of this combination in women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phase 2 study was performed in women with histologically documented International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III or IV or recurrent endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 and cisplatin at a dose of 35 mg/m2 were administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle; because of myelosuppression, the protocol was revised to gemcitabine at a dose of 900 mg/m2 and cisplatin at a dose of 30 mg/m2. Patients were treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or complete response. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients were enrolled and received a median of 5 courses of therapy (range, 1-9 courses). The median age at the time of study enrollment was 62 years (range, 41-75 years). Of 20 evaluable patients, 2 (10%) had a confirmed complete response, 8 (40%) had a partial response, 6 (30%) had stable disease, and 4 (20%) developed progressive disease. The median progression-free survival was 7.5 months (range, 2.3-33.6 months), and the median overall survival was 18.2 months (range, 2.5-49.4 months). The development of toxicity mandated dose reductions in 16 of 20 patients (80%). Eighteen patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxic effects (graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]). CONCLUSIONS: The objective response rate of 50% noted with gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy merits the further development of this regimen in women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Understanding the structure–property relationships of the ferroelectric to relaxor transition of the (1 − x)BaTiO3–(x)BiInO3 lead-free piezoelectric system

A structural and electromechanical investigation has been performed on (1 − x)BaTiO3–(x)BiInO3 in the region 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.12. A gradual structural phase transition has been observed where the structure changes from tetragonal (P4mm) and passes through two regions of coexisting phases: (1) P4mm + R3m in the range 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.075 and (2) $$ Pm\bar{3}m $$ + R3m for 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.12. The properties also transition from ferroelectric (x ≤ 0.03) to relaxor ferroelectric (x ≥ 0.05) as the dielectric permittivity maximum becomes temperature and frequency dependent. This transition was also confirmed via polarization-electric field measurements as well as strain-electric field measurements. At the critical composition of x = 0.065, a moderate strain of ~0.104% and an effective piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 * ) of 260 pm/V were observed. The original purpose of this study was to demonstrate the polarization extension mechanism as predicted in the literature, but due to the ferroelectric to relaxor transition, this mechanism was not found to be present in this system. However, this demonstrates that BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics could be modified to obtain enhanced electromechanical properties for actuator applications.
First look at Jupiter's synchrotron emission from Juno's perspective

Since August 2016, measurements of Jupiter's microwave emissions at six wavelengths ranging from 1.3 cm to 50 cm have been made with the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR). In this paper, we introduce the first systematic set of in-situ observations of synchrotron radiation in a polar plane while describing the modeling approach we use to analyze this data (collected August 27th, 2016). Time series of brightness profiles at all six frequencies present similarities that are explained by the presence of known regions of intense synchrotron radiation. Our model predictions, though limited for now to the total intensity of the radiation, reproduce (qualitatively) the observation of temporal variations and allow to disentangle the synchrotron emission from the atmospheric emission. The discrepancies seen between the data and simulations confirm that physical conditions close to Jupiter affecting synchrotron emission (electron energy spectra, pitch-angle distributions, and the magnetic environment) are different than we anticipated.
Bridging the Gap Between Town and Gown: A New Way to Integrate Community Service and Classroom Learning

This is a description of a department level community service project started with a small grant to employ a student assistant to enter data for the development of a predictive model. It can be done by other departments on other university campuses. Subscribe to JNEL
Robust obstacle avoidance for aerial platforms using adaptive model predictive control

This work addresses the problem of motion planning among obstacles for quadrotor platforms under external disturbances and with model uncertainty. A novel Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) optimization technique is proposed which incorporates specified uncertainties into the planned trajectories. At the core of the procedure lies the propagation of model parameter uncertainty and initial state uncertainty as high-confidence ellipsoids in pose space. The quadrotor trajectories are then computed to avoid obstacles by a required safety margin, expressed as ellipsoid penetration while minimizing control effort and achieving a user-specified goal location. Combining this technique with online model identification results in robust obstacle avoidance behavior. Experiments in outdoor scenarios with virtual obstacles show that the quadrotor can avoid obstacles robustly, even under the influence of external disturbances.
O05.6 The impact of a rapid genotypic neisseria gonorrhoeae assay on targeted ciprofloxacin therapy

Introduction Multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae infections are a threat to public health. In November 2015, UCLA Health began routine gyrase A ( gyr A) genotyping all N. gonorrhoeae positive specimens, and reporting genotype and treatment recommendations for wild-type infections. Physicians were educated about wild-type gyr A genotypes predicting ciprofloxacin susceptibility. In May 2016 we began sending electronic reminders to providers of genotype results and treatment recommendations. Methods We reviewed records for all laboratory confirmed N. gonorrhoeae cases from January 1 st 2015 - November 30 th 2016. Infections in different anatomic sites were considered unique infections, while unique infections in a single patient on the same date were considered a case. Empiric therapy was defined as treatment within one day of specimen collection. Results Among 381 patients (32% HIV infected) there were 411 cases and 459 anatomic site-specific N. gonorrhoeae infections. Of cases, 290 (71%) were treated non-empirically. The average time to treatment among non-empirically treated cases (n=256) was 5.2 days (SD 4 days). After November 2015, there were 319 infections: 131 (41%) were wild-type gyr A genotypes, 92 (29%) mutant, 92 indeterminate and 4 were not attempted. Of the 92 indeterminate results 68 (74%) were from the pharynx, compared to 24 (26%) from other sites ( p -value p- value gyr A infections, 17 (29%) were treated with ciprofloxacin; 2 (9%) of 23 before electronic reminders began compared to 15 (50%) of 30 after ( p- value=0.001), six cases had missing data. There was no ciprofloxacin use prior to assay implementation. Conclusion A large health system successfully implemented routine N. gonorrhoeae gyr A genotyping with a reduction in ceftriaxone use. Targeted ciprofloxacin therapy increased with the use of electronic provider reminders.
Herder's Hermeneutics: History, Poetry, Enlightenment

Through a detailed study of Herder's Enlightenment thought, especially his philosophy of literature, Kristin Gjesdal offers a new and sometimes provocative reading of the historical origins and contemporary challenges of modern hermeneutics. She shows that hermeneutic philosophy grew out of a historical, anthropological, and poetic discourse in the mid-eighteenth century and argues that, as such, it represents a rich, stimulating, and relevant engagement with the potentials and limits of human meaning and understanding. Gjesdal's study broadens our conception of hermeneutic philosophy - the issues it raises and the answers it offers - and underlines the importance of Herder's contribution to the development of this discipline. Her book will be highly valuable for students and scholars of eighteenth-century thought, especially those working in the fields of hermeneutics, aesthetics, and European philosophy.
Throughput Analysis of Two-Way NCed-HARQ With Reverse-Link Assistance and Estimated Channel State Information

To raise the spectral efficiency, network coded automatic repeat request (NCed ARQ) has been proved to be a promising scheme. In this letter, we extend the NCed ARQ with reverse-link assistance to include hybrid-ARQ (HARQ). We also consider a practical scenario where the receivers use a training phase to estimate the channels. The downlink throughput expressions are derived for an arbitrary number of users in continuous Rayleigh fading channels. The numerical results match our mathematical derivations and show that the downlink throughput is greatly improved by the combination of RLA and HARQ.
Analysis of ketamine and xylazine in complex matrices using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Rationale Analyzing tissue samples is routinely performed when liquid biological samples are not available for replicate analysis. Preparing complex matrices, such as tissue, for analysis can be time-consuming. Traditional sample preparation methods typically begin with homogenization followed by a sample clean-up step such as liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction. Samples are typically eluted, evaporated and reconstituted prior to instrumental analysis. The aim of this project was to evaluate the utility of multi-dimensional chromatography in reducing the amount of time from sample acquisition to analysis. Methods Tissue specimens were homogenized using a ceramic beads shaker. Homogenates were then diluted and loaded onto a mixed mode solid-phase sorbent. The sorbent was washed, and the final eluate was transferred directly to vials without evaporation or reconstitution steps. Analysis was performed using a two-dimensional (2D) ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) configuration with an At-column dilution option coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The target analytes (xylazine and ketamine) were quantified under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. Results The lowest limit of detection evaluated in this study was 0.01 ng/mL. The linear dynamic range utilized was 0.1 to 10 ng/mL. The concentrations for xylazine in their respective tissues ranged from 0 to 0.316 ng/mL. Ketamine concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.905 ng/mL. The overall time for sample preparation was reduced to 30 min. The total run time was 10 min. Conclusions The use of multidimensional chromatography with At-column-dilution allows for significant reduction in sample preparation time. The concentrations determined in these samples highlight the need for sensitive analytical techniques with the ability to detect analyte concentrations at sub ng/mL.
Network Pharmacology: An Emerging Area in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery

A decade into the twenty-first century, the biomedical field has witnessed tremendous advancements in cancer biomarker discovery technologies that have driven the development of newer classes of targeted anti-cancer drugs. In spite of this rapid progress, the global burden of cancer continues to increase. This is largely because of the growth of the world’s ageing population alongside an increasing adoption of detrimental lifestyles, particularly smoking and unhealthy dietary habits in economically developing countries. According to the GLOBOCAN estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred in the year 2008. Of these, 56 % of the cases and 64 % of the deaths occurred in the economically developing world indicating that the existing approaches to cancer treatment are not capable of containing cancer. Such dismal statistics point to the urgent need for drastic changes in the field of medicine and that would require researchers to acquire (a) out of the box thinking and (b) to embrace next generation technologies by harnessing their full potential in future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutics strategies for cancer. In this chapter, we will present emerging concepts in drug discovery that utilize the power of systems and network biology to rationally design clinically successful cancer therapeutics.
Inconspicuous Personal Computer Protection with Touch-Mouse

We present a hassle-free personal information protection design that continuously monitors user identity with a Microsoft touchmouse [1] under a windows-based computer environment. This is the first design which investigates the relationship between time-indexed pressure map trajectories extracted from a touch-mouse and user behavior patterns categorized by common mouse action primitives. This design serves as an assistive method to enhance existing password and biometric based security mechanisms, enabling continuous and unobtrusive personal identity monitoring. Commercialized windows-based systems can be seamlessly integrated with the proposed system and this design can offer a convenient and lightweight solution for physical computer intrusion detection.
Highlight: End user re-authoring of existing Web sites

Publisher Summary This chapter presents Highlight, a system enabling end users to create task-based mobile Web applications simply by demonstrating how to perform a task on an existing application. Highlight uses the trace of a user's interaction to automatically clip the relevant controls for presentation in the mobile application and enables users to visually point and select noninteractive content for inclusion in the application as well. Moreover, Highlight is integrated with an existing repository of traces from the CoScripter system, which can be used to create Highlight applications with little or no additional effort. An informal user study suggests that novice users may be able to use Highlight to create useful mobile applications of their own choosing. An empirical evaluation shows that for a range of tasks, Highlight is capable of creating an application that is smaller and easier to use on mobile devices. The system has been tested successfully with a variety of existing sites. A small study suggests that novice users may be able to use the system to create useful mobile applications.
Influence of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide on digestion and metabolism in yearling beef steers abruptly changed from high forage to high energy diets.

Eight rumen-cannulated steers (initial wt 330kg) were adapted to a mixed alfalfa-grass hay diet for 30 d and abruptly changed to complete mixed diets of corn silage, snapped ear corn and a corn-based supplement to determine the effects of buffers on diet adaptation, digestion and ruminal metabolism. The diets contained: 1) no buffer, 2) .5% magnesium oxide (MgO), 3) 1.0% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and 4) .5% MgO and 1.0% NaHCO3, as a percentage of diet dry matter (DM). Digestion, metabolism and ruminal characteristics were measured in each of 2 wk immediately after the diet change. The animals were then adapted to the mixed alfalfa-grass hay diet, re-randomized and assigned to the four diets, thus four steers consumed each diet. Intakes and digestibilities of DM were generally greater for the diets containing buffers. The most notable differences were a greater DM intake with added NaHCO3 and an improved DM digestibility with added MgO. The higher DM digestibility with MgO was apparently related to improved neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch digestion. Fecal pH was significantly increased with MgO addition. Because of the greater intake and digestibilities, the amount of DM, NDF, and starch digested tended to be greater for the buffered diets. There were no diet X week interactions for intake and digestibilities, thus the responses observed existed during both wk 1 and 2 after the change in diets. In general, intake and digestibilities were greater in wk 2 than in wk 1 for all diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway contributes to vanadate toxicity in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Vanadate has been considered in the treatment of diabetes because of its insulin-like effects. However, it has severe toxic effects in both animal and man. In cultured cells, vanadate can either cause death or be growth stimulatory, depending on the cell type and growth conditions. Here, we report that in baboon aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), vanadate induced p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. This effect was abolished in the presence of the specific MAPK kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor PD098059. Although activation of p42/p44MAPK/MAPKK is generally thought to be necessary for proliferation, in SMCs, vanadate did not promote DNA synthesis and inhibited thymidine incorporation stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in a dose dependent fashion (IC50: 30 μM). Prolonged exposure to vanadate exerted cytotoxic effects. Cells retracted, rounded up and detached from the substratum. These vanadate-induced morphological changes were blocked in the presence of PD098059. The addition of PDGF-BB further activated p42/p44MAPK/MAPKK in the presence of vanadate and substantially increased vanadate toxicity. We conclude from these observations that activation of the p42/p44MAPK/MAPKK signalling module contributes to the cytotoxic effects induced by vanadate.
Readability of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Head and Neck Oncology.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are communication tools to help patients convey their disease experience to medical providers and guide management decisions. However, the utility of healthcare outcome measures is dependent on patient literacy and readability of PROMs. If written for a more advanced literacy level, they can misestimate symptoms and add significant barriers to care, especially in the underserved. However, readability of head and neck (H&N) oncology PROMs has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability of H&N oncology PROMs to assess whether they meet recommended readability levels. STUDY DESIGN Bibliometric review. METHODS Three readability measures: Gunning Fog, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and FORCAST were used to evaluate the readability level of commonly used H&N PROMs. PROMs with sixth grade readability level or lower were considered to meet the recommendations of health literacy experts. RESULTS Eight H&N oncology PROMs were reviewed. None of H&N PROMs met health literacy experts' and National Institutes of Health recommended reading levels. Gunning Fog consistently estimated easiest readability and FORCAST the most difficult. CONCLUSIONS PROMs are important clinical tools that drive patient-centric care in H&N oncology. All H&N PROMs are written above recommended reading levels and do not meet suggested standards. Future PROMs should be written with easier readability to accurately convey patients' H&N oncology disease experiences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 2020.
11 – Rabies Serology

Publisher Summary The science of serology involves the detection of immune components in the blood, particularly serum. It is the presence of rabies-specific antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid that indicates prior exposure to rabies virus antigens. The measurement of rabies virus specific antibodies is a useful tool for evaluating both the level of humoral immunity in vaccinated individuals and for diagnostic purposes in patients suspected of having rabies. Knowledge of the specific strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the available methods enables the selection of the appropriate method and aids in the interpretation of the subsequent results. A variety of serological methods are developed for testing the presence of rabies virus antibodies. Numerous reports indicate that protection against rabies is dependent upon the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs). Thus, assays to detect and quantify RVNAs, such as the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test and the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test, are the methods recommended for quantitation purposes in rabies serology. The laboratory materials, instruments and safety equipment available also must be considered when evaluating the assay to be used. Finally, it is critical to understand exactly which components will be measured in terms of the antibody response itself when choosing an appropriate assay for detection of rabies virus.
Physiometrics in Salivary Bioscience.

Accurate estimation in statistical models depends on sample size but also, critically, reliability of the measure. Physiometrics is the equivalent of psychometrics for measures such as sex hormones, catabolic hormones, and products of the immune system. There are multiple ways to measure physiometrics, from simple correlation to complex generalizability theory designs. Depending on the design, these estimates can provide information about equivalency (e.g., the correlation between two measurements taken close together in time) or stability (e.g., the correlation between two measurements taken farther apart in time). The physiometrics of salivary measures including cortisol, α-amylase, testosterone, and cytokines range from highly stable, requiring only a single sample, to highly unstable, requiring multiple samples to achieve generalizability to longer periods of time. However, generalizability is relative to the study design, and only some designs call for stable and generalizable measures. Both dedicated physiometric studies and more reporting of physiometrics in psychoneuroendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology will improve the quality of salivary bioscience study designs in the future.
Do Children on Medicaid Benefit from a Weak Labor Market? Evidence from the Great Recession

In this article, I estimate the association between weak labor market conditions and the quantity of office-based physician services received by children enrolled in Medicaid. I find that children use more services in areas with higher unemployment during the Great Recession, and the result is not influenced by changes in sample composition. The association could reflect either demand factors such as worsening health or supply factors such as changes in the number of physicians willing to accept Medicaid patients. I provide several pieces of evidence supporting a supply-side mechanism: higher unemployment reduces the demand for physician services by privately-insured patients. Physicians respond to the demand shock by serving more Medicaid enrollees.
Association of Monocyte Migration Marker CD11b With Pulmonary Function in People Living With HIV.

BACKGROUND Maladaptive immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of many chronic lung diseases. Here, we tested hypotheses that CD4 and CD8 T-cell and monocyte phenotypes are associated with lung function in people living with HIV and those without HIV. METHODS Markers of T cell differentiation, activation, exhaustion and senescence, and markers of monocyte recruitment and migration were quantified in 142 HIV-positive and 73 HIV-negative participants of the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort. All participants underwent lung function testing. RESULTS CD4 or CD8 T-cell phenotypes were not associated with measures of lung function in HIV-positive or HIV-negative participants after adjustment for multiple comparisons. In HIV-positive participants, however, the percentage of classical monocytes that were CD11b+ had positive associations at the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of P = 0.05/63 with prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (β = 0.36; P = 0.00003 and β = 0.31; P = 0.0003, respectively). In stratified analyses of n = 87 participants with CD4 ≥ 500 cells/µL, associations of percentage of classical monocytes that were CD11b+ with prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio were stronger (β = 0.48 and β = 0.41, for pre- and post-, respectively) than in the entire HIV-positive study population. Significant associations of monocyte phenotypes were not observed in HIV-negative participants after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS CD11b+ expression on classical monocytes is positively associated with FEV1/FVC ratio in people living with HIV including in those with CD4 T-cell recovery. Given the normal surveillance activity of monocytes, such association suggests this monocyte subset may play a role in preservation of pulmonary function in PLWH.
Neuroendocrine tumor in the vaginal reconstruction of a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and anorectal malformation

Abstract Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) occurring in association with an anorectal malformation (ARM) is rare but well described (Wester et al., 2012) [1]. In some patients with MRKH and ARM, a rectovestibular fistula may be left in situ as a neovagina (Levitt et al., 1998; Ein and Stephens, 1971) [2,3]. Previously, adenocarcinomas arising in vaginal reconstructions have been reported, however neuroendocrine tumors (NET) have not been previously described in this setting (Steiner et al., 2002; Schober, 2007) [4,5]. We describe the case of a patient with MRKH associated with ARM that developed a neuroendocrine tumor of the neovagina constructed in infancy from a rectrovestibular fistula. She was immunosuppressed following a living related kidney transplant at age 11. At age 20, vaginal bleeding was noted. A 1.5 cm neuroendocrine tumor was found on the anterior vaginal wall and she underwent a complete full-thickness transvaginal resection. The management considerations for neuroendocrine tumors of the neovagina are discussed.
A Local Relaxation Method for Cardinality Constrained Portfolio Optimization Problem

The NP-hard nature of cardinality constrained mean-variance portfolio optimization problems has led to a variety of different algorithms with varying degrees of success in reaching optimality given limited computational resources and under the presence of strict time constraints in practice. The proposed local relaxation algorithm exploits the inherent structure of the objective function. It solves a sequence of small, local, quadratic-programs by first projecting asset returns onto a reduced metric space, followed by clustering in this space to identify sub-groups of assets that best accentuate a suitable measure of similarity amongst different assets. The algorithm can either be cold started using the centroids of initial clusters or be warm started based on the output of a previous result. Empirical result, using baskets of up to 3,000 stocks and with different cardinality constraints, indicates that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve significant performance gain over a sophisticated branch-and-cut method. One key application of this algorithm is in dealing with large scale cardinality constrained portfolio optimization under tight time constraint, such as for the purpose of index tracking or index arbitrage at high frequency
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Screening.

There is currently not enough evidence to replace digital mammography with digital breast tomosynthesis for breast cancer screening in women at average or high risk.
Developing Analysis Protocols for Monitoring Intracellular Oxygenation Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Myoglobin-mCherry

Oxygen (O2) is a critical metabolite for cellular function as it fuels aerobic cellular metabolism; further, it is a known regulator of gene expression. Monitoring oxygenation within cells and organelles can provide valuable insights into how O2, or lack thereof, both influences and responds to cell processes. In recent years, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been used to track several probe concentration independent intracellular phenomena, such as pH, viscosity, and, in conjunction with Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), protein-protein interactions. Here, we describe methods for synthesizing and expressing the novel FLIM-FRET intracellular O2 probe Myoglobin-mCherry (Myo-mCherry) in cultured cell lines, as well as acquiring FLIM images using a laser scanning confocal microscope configured for two-photon excitation and a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) module. Finally, we provide step-by-step protocols for FLIM analysis of Myo-mCherry using the commercial software SPCImage and conversion of fluorescence lifetime values in each pixel to apparent intracellular oxygen partial pressures (pO2).
Missionary Credibility: Characteristics of the Messenger That Make the Message More Persuasive

Missionaries seek to be credible to the people whom they try to influence with the message of the gospel. Although Christ first and foremost calls missionaries to be humble servants who love him, empirical evidence from the behavioral sciences indicates that missionaries who are perceived as experts, who attract people to themselves, and, most importantly, who are trustworthy are most likely to be deemed credible. To be perceived as experts, missionaries need to demonstrate their knowledge of a topic and to speak with confidence. To be attractive to others, missionaries may benefit from frequent contact with others, mutual appreciation, and physical attractiveness. To come across as trustworthy, missionaries need to demonstrate long-term integrity, trustworthiness, open communication, and concern for others.
Machine learning predictions of critical heat fluxes for pillar-modified surfaces

Abstract For convection research, one important topic is the maximum heat flux achieved on a boiling surface, known as the critical heat flux (CHF). This phenomenon is characterized by the formation of a blanket of heat-blocking vapor on the surface. Over several decades, numerous surface structures have been fabricated to enhance the CHF for various high-power cooling applications. However, the complexity of the surface structures and many other factors (e.g., capillary wicking flux) restrict the prediction of the CHF using theoretical models. In this work, three popular machine learning (ML) methods are employed to analyze and further predict the CHFs for a given surface modified with micro-structures. Among these, the random forest regression method consistently produced the best fitting models of previously published data. The importance analysis algorithm developed for random forest models facilitated efficient discovery of the most important descriptors predicting the CHF. One key descriptor used in these models was the mean beam length (MBL), a terminology borrowed from radiative heat transfer, which effectively described the characteristic spacing between adjacent surface features. The models showed greatest sensitivity to the MBL and the height of the features, compared to the other surface descriptors.
Communication strategies for nursing research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia using life course theory.

PURPOSE To explore effective communication strategies that may be used to promote efficacious research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. DESIGN A theoretical framework of Life Course Theory was used to examine the problems of communicating in research settings with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and present potential effective solutions to these problems. METHODS Using Life Course Theory as an underpinning, a literature review was conducted regarding communication strategies/methods commonly used in psychiatric nursing. This paper deductively presents how these strategies/methods could theoretically improve nursing research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. RESULTS Four main potential effective strategies for communication with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in nursing research were identified which were (1) giving space; (2) shortened intervals; (3) the use of simple, meaningful phrases; and (4) showing engagement. CONCLUSIONS Older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia may be given more opportunities to share their input regarding their perceptions and valuable input regarding health care systems if these effective strategies of communication are used when conducting nursing research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is a need to gain more information regarding the perceptions of older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia as they are living longer and are entering into a health care system that is often at a quandary as to how to best care for them. The strategies delineated in this paper are part of an ongoing project to co-develop a model with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia specifically tailored to improve their health outcomes and quality of life.
The usability study on the multicultural children’s book project of the National Library for Children and Young Adults (NLCY) in Korea

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify usability issues on a storytelling digital library with six languages provided by the National Library for Children and Young Adults (NLCY) in Korea, and to provide suggestions for future improvement to create a better interface. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, usability issues at the multicultural children’s book project Web site of the NLCY were identified, with comparison between the previous interface and the current one, based on the findings of established literature on children’s use of computer applications and web interface. Findings – Suggestions for improvements include brighter colors, bigger fonts and graphics, more lively animation and sound, easier navigation, consistent interface, summary availability, better organization of information and labeling and multilingual searching and browsing function. A user study is being planned for future development. Originality/value – There is a great value in making 400 children’s books av...
The Host Galaxy of GRB 971214

GRB 971214 is the third gamma ray burst for which an optical afterglow has been detected. I show that the spectrum of this afterglow (optical and X-ray) is inconsistent with the relativistic blast-wave model unless a significant source of extinction is introduced. Assuming that a single absorber exists at redshift z, I find that its V-band absorption magnitude at this redshift is A_V(z) = 1.00^{+1.55}_{-0.21} mag where z = 1.89^{+0.27}_{-0.69}. Although this redshift is only bound from below marginally, it is strongly bound from above: z < 2.50 at the 3 sigma confidence level. This range of values for the V-band absorption magnitude is too high to be consistent with absorption by either intergalactic gas or the halo of a galaxy, which implies that GRB 971214 lies either within or behind a galactic disk. Since chance alignments of galactic disks are unlikely, this absorber is probably the host galaxy of GRB 971214.
How Prepared Are US Hospitals for the Affordable Care Act? A Financial Condition Analysis of US Hospitals in 2011

As we move toward the greater implementation of health reforms, it is important to assess the financial condition of US hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update assessment of the financial conditions of US hospitals. This purpose is important given the timing of health reforms in the next fiscal year with greater volumes of lower reimbursement.
A Computer-Controlled, Real-Time Automobile Emissions Monitoring System

A minicomputer controlled automotive emissions sampling and analysis system was developed to determine vehicular modal emissions over various test cycles. This data acquisition system can sample real-time emissions at a rate of 10 samples/s. A buffer utilization program enables incoming digital data from an entire test sequence to be logged rapidly and stored on disc, thus permitting the user to reassess the data at later dates for processing in accordance with modal schemes.
Infrared absorption and emission characteristics of interstellar PAHs

The mid-infrared interstellar emission spectrum with features at 3050, 1610, 1300, 1150, and 885 cm-1 (3.28, 6.2, 7.7, 8.7 and 11.3 microns) is discussed in terms of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) hypothesis. This hypothesis is based on the suggestive, but inconclusive comparison between the interstellar emission spectrum with the infrared absorption and Raman spectra of a few PAHs. The fundamental vibrations of PAHs and PAH-like species which determine the IR and Raman properties are discussed. Interstellar IR band emission is due to relaxation from highly vibrationally excited PAHs which have been excited by ultraviolet photons. The excitation/emission process is described in general and the IR fluorescence from one PAH, chrysene, is traced in detail. Generally, there is sufficient energy to populate several vibrational levels in each mode. Molecular vibrational potentials are anharmonic and emission from these higher levels will fall at lower frequencies and produce weak features to the red of the stronger fundamentals. This process is also described and can account for some spectroscopic details of the interstellar emission spectra previously unexplained. Analysis of the interstellar spectrum shows that PAHs containing between 20 and 30 carbon atoms are responsible for the emission.
Ulcerating enteritis associated with flucytosine therapy

Abstract Flucytosine-associated diarrhea has been previously described in 6%–10% of patients receiving the drug. A potentially fatal ulcerating enterocolitis has been reported in 4 patients. In none of these reports has radiologic or pathologic data been presented. This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel. Ileal biopsy revealed an erosive enteritis with mucosal inflammatory infiltrate and disruption of the surface epithelium. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in total resolution of the clinical and radiologic abnormalities.
Replicate, Facilitate, Disseminate: The Micropolitics of U.S. Democracy Promotion in Bolivia

In the wake of a massive 2003 uprising in El Alto, Bolivia, U.S. democracy assistance programs targeted the city, promising to address Altenos’ frustration with democratic institutions and to teach deliberative democratic skills. In this article I examine the position of civic education “replicators.” I use this term to describe people from the city of El Alto—many of them young adults—who were trained by U.S. democracy assistance programs to promote renewed and rehabilitated democratic practices among Altenos. I consider what the position of replicators reveals about the governance technologies, aid ideologies, and objectives of U.S. democracy-promotion programs. I argue that despite these programs’ emphasis on producing subjects who are “governable,” replicators are engaged in complex negotiations regarding the form and content of democracy assistance programs, and many continue to enact political practices that donor representatives frequently characterize as outmoded, illiberal, and antidemocratic. Through the experiences of replicators, we learn that liberal democratic concepts, practices, and subjectivities are already mediated and refracted through lived histories and sociopolitical affiliations of the very people tasked with their duplication and spread. Attending to the microdynamics of replication exposes how that repetition itself helps create the conditions under which replicators come to question their endeavors and to articulate understandings of democracy that incorporate practices donors would likely reject. [democracy, foreign aid, political subjectivity, NGOs, Bolivia]
BIORESOURCES – AN ONLINE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED TO LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS FOR NEW END USES AND NEW CAPABILITIES

In this inaugural issue, the Co-Editors of BioResources would like to welcome you. In your role as a reader, we welcome you to download scholarly articles and opinion pieces; this is an open-access journal, providing a maximum of potential impact. BioResources will deal with new and emerging uses of materials from lignocellulosic sources, including wood and crop residues. We also would like to welcome you as a prospective author. Our goal is to maintain very high standards of peer-review, as well as providing a mix of scholarly research articles, review articles, and editorials. By using an automated, online system of review and publication, we hope to accelerate scientific discourse. Our hope is to contribute to progress in the direction of a post-petroleum economy, taking advantage of the renewable, biodegradable, and relatively abundant nature of materials from lignocellulosic sources.
Qualitative Research: Evaluating the Process and the Product

Qualitative research is a way for psychological science to encompass observations that are not adequately dealt with using traditional quantitative methods. Like all scientific research, qualitative research consists of comparing ideas with observations. In good research, the ideas are thereby changed—strengthened, weakened, qualified, or elaborated in some way. Evaluating qualitative research requires attending to both the process and the product of the research, that is, to the means by which the ideas are changed (the method) and to the changed ideas themselves (the interpretation). As explained shortly, qualitative research characteristically (though not always) yields results in words rather than numbers, uses empathy and personal understanding rather than detached observation, places observations in context rather than in isolation, focuses on good examples and special cases rather than representative samples, and seeks to empower its participants rather thanmerely observe them. Partly because of these characteristics, qualitative methods are particularly well adapted for studying human experience and meaning, which are central to the concerns of clinical health psychology (see also Chamberlain, Stephens & Lyons, 1997). Maintaining health and dealing with illness are intensely personal and interpersonal activities that cannot reasonably be studied in ignorance of people’s experience of them. This chapter is a reviewof criteria for evaluating qualitative research on human experience in clinical health psychology and other fields (cf. Stiles, 1993, 1999) and an examination of some epistemological bases for this evaluation. It is not a review of qualitative methods. Methods of doing qualitative research are at least as varied and complex as quantitative methods; readers are referred to texts and collections (e.g., Barker, Pistrang & Elliott, 1994; Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Murray & Chamberlain, 1999; Smith, Harre & Van Langenhove, 1995) and to published examples (some are cited later).
Troubling Clarity: The Politics of Accessible Language

In this article, Patti Lather addresses the call for accessibility and plain speaking within academic writing. She argues the non-innocence of transparent theories of language, and explores the relationship between academic theoretic authority and feminist practices of writing, a relationship that contributes to social change. In the first section, Lather focuses on the politics of language. She grounds her arguments in feminist and postmodern theory, including the ideas of Derrida, Spivak, Benjamin, and Nietzsche, particularly Nietzche's concept of a text that constructs an audience "with ears to hear." In the second part of the article, Lather reflects on her own experimental approach to writing up research. She discusses the process of creating her book, Troubling Angels, a multiply coded text on women, AIDS, and angels. Lather opens up possibilities for displaying complexities through her experiments with multivoiced text that moves through different registers and that speaks to multiple audiences.
OCCURRENCE OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTHUS TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY

Guinea pigs were injected in the footpads with either purified diphtheria toxoid or recrystallized egg albumin in Freund adjuvant without mycobacteria. Each guinea pig was then skin-tested only once with the specific antigen and bled for antibody determination. After injection of the sensitizing antigen, a latent period occurred during which neither sensitivity nor circulating antibody could be detected. A period of delayed sensitivity followed wherein circulating antibody could not be discerned and which could be transferred by lymph node cells. Ultimately, the Arthus type sensitivity developed, accompanied by circulating antibody. The duration and severity of reactions to homologous antigens during the last 2 phases varied with the antigen and with the dose. An increase in the sensitizing dose decreased the duration of the delayed type of allergy, a decrease in the dose prolonged the delayed type. Inclusion of mycobacterium in the sensitizing inoculum tended to introduce delayed sensitivity earlier and delay the onset of Arthus type sensitivity. When specific precipitate in antibody excess was included with the toxoid in the sensitizing dose, the onset of the Arthus phase was hastened. When lymph nodes from a large number of sensitized donors were removed during the latter part of the latent period, recipients of the cells showed a delayed type sensitivity.