cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Interaction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpu and Gag with a Novel Member of the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Family

Viral protein U (Vpu) is a protein encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that promotes the degradation of the virus receptor, CD4, and enhances the release of virus particles from cells. We isolated a cDNA that encodes a novel cellular protein that interacts with Vpu in vitro, in vivo, and in yeast cells. This Vpu-binding protein (UBP) has a molecular mass of 41 kDa and is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues at the RNA level. UBP is a novel member of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein family containing four copies of the 34-amino-acid TPR motif. Other proteins that contain TPR motifs include members of the immunophilin superfamily, organelle-targeting proteins, and a protein phosphatase. UBP also interacts directly with HIV-1 Gag protein, the principal structural component of the viral capsid. However, when Vpu and Gag are coexpressed, stable interaction between UBP and Gag is diminished. Furthermore, overexpression of UBP in virus-producing cells resulted in a significant reduction in HIV-1 virion release. Taken together, these data indicate that UBP plays a role in Vpu-mediated enhancement of particle release.
Transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls by a novel BphA variant through the meta-cleavage pathway

The transformation of 20 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through the meta-cleavage pathway by recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the bphEFGBC locus from Burkholderia cepacia LB400 and the bphA genes from different sources was compared. The analysis of PCB congeners for which hydroxylation was observed but no formation of the corresponding yellow meta-cleavage product demonstrated that only lightly chlorinated congeners including one tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2′,4,4′-CB) were transformed into their corresponding yellow meta-cleavage products. Although many other tetrachlorobiphenyls (2,2′,5,5′-CB, 2,2′,3,5′-CB, 2,4,4′,5-CB, 2,3′,4′,5-CB, 2,3′,4,4′-CB) and one pentachlorobiphenyl (2,2′,4,5,5′-CB) tested were depleted from resting cell suspensions, no yellow meta-cleavage products were observed. For most of these congeners, dihydrodiol compounds accumulated as the endproducts, indicating that the bphB-encoded biphenyl-2,3-dihydrodiol-2,3-dehydrogenase is a key limiting step for further degradation of highly chlorinated congeners. These results suggest that engineering the biphenyl dioxygenase alone is insufficient for an improved removal of PCB. Rather, improved degradation of PCBs is more likely to be achieved with recombinant strains containing metabolic pathways not only specifically engineered for expanding the initial dioxygenation but also for the mineralization of PCBs.
On Explaining Asia's "Missing Women": Comment on Das Gupta

In an earlier issue of this journal Monica Das Gupta (2005) comments on a recent paper of mine. Her comment was based on Oster a working paper version of Oster; in general the two versions do not differ but I will distinguish between them when they do. In that paper I attempt to connect the issue of the gender imbalance in Asia--the "missing women"--with the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus. I present a wide variety of evidence suggesting that women who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus give birth to more male children than do noncarriers. I argue that perhaps as much as 45 percent of the gender imbalance observed in the Sen (1992) missing women populations in the period 1980--90 can be accounted for by hepatitis B. Further I argue that the explanatory power varies significantly across space: 75 percent of the missing women in China are accounted for versus around 20 percent in India. (excerpt)
In vitro synthesis of carbohydrate-binding proteins by human leucocytes.

A carbohydrate-binding protein (CBP) synthesized in vitro by normal human peripheral leucocytes was isolated by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-Sepharose. The CBP was eluted with lactose and it had a native molecular mass of 15,500 daltons. Analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed a single polypeptide of 18,000 daltons. CBP synthesis was time dependent and cell concentration dependent. The CBP appeared to be both cell bound and secreted with the apparent amount secreted inversley proportional to cell concentration. CBP did not appear to be synthesized by T and B leukemic cell lines examined. Promyelocytic HL-60 cells, however, synthesized at least two lactose-eluted CBP's corresponding to native molecular masses of 28,000 and 19,500 daltons. SDS-PAGE analysis of radiolabelled HL-60 CBP's showed the presence of two polypeptides of MM 17,700 and 16,000 daltons suggesting that one of the CBP's was a dimer.
Development and Validation of a Short Portable Sarcopenia Measure in the African American Health Project

MUSCLE size and strength decline with age (1,2), and poor muscle size, strength, power, and function (sarcopenia) have an important role in the age-associated disability process (3). Sarcopenia has been associated with prevalent and incident disability; with declines in lower extremity performance and self-reported functional status; and with subclinical cardiovascular disease, falls, nursing home admissions, and mortality (3–10). Sarcopenia has many different aspects and can be studied at a variety of levels (4,8, 11). Some (6,12–14) have restricted sarcopenia to mean lack of muscle mass only (literally, “flesh loss”). However, others (15,16) have included muscle function in the clinical description, and several (17–19) have included muscle performance in the operational definition. Adipose tissue, connective tissue proteins, and other extracellular components increase intramuscularly with age (20), and fat infiltration into muscles has been associated with poorer muscular performance (8,21). Notably, muscle composition, strength, and function appear to be at least as important as the amount of muscle mass alone in explaining logically appropriate correlates of sarcopenia (8,22). Many previous measures of sarcopenia have used various laboratory methods that are not field portable (8,13,23,24). In general, measures that are appropriate for field use include bioelectrical impedance and grip strength (15). A few portable epidemiological measures have been described. For example, Baumgartner and colleagues (19) proposed sex-specific equations for estimating muscle mass based on height, weight, hip circumference, grip strength, and sex, and others have recommended field measures of strength as proxies for muscle mass (17,18). We found, however, that our study participants were uncomfortable with invasive hands-on measures like hip circumferences obtained in their homes by field staff. To our knowledge, no field measure has been developed that combines estimates of muscle quantity and function. We used data from the African American Health (AAH) project to develop a measure of sarcopenia that combined estimates of muscle quantity and function into a single scale, was based on component items that could be easily employed in epidemiological studies, used a modicum of equipment, and would not feel invasive to participants. Furthermore, we wanted a measure that (a) would represent muscle status at a single time point that could be used without sex-specific adjustments; (b) could be used to follow change in muscle status over time, with each person serving as his or her own control; and (c) would demonstrate reasonable dispersion of results with minimal ceiling or floor effects. We then examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the new measure. Multiple sensitivity analyses using different configurations of the new measure were performed to examine robustness.
Distributed interference pricing for OFDM wireless networks with non-separable utilities

We present a distributed algorithm for allocating power among multiple interfering transmitters in a wireless network using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The algorithm attempts to maximize the sum over user utilities, where each user's utility is a function of his total transmission rate. Users exchange interference prices reflecting the marginal cost of interference on each sub-channel, and then update their power allocations given the interference prices and their own channel conditions. A similar algorithm was studied earlier assuming that each user's utility function is a separable function of the user's rate per sub-channel. Here, we do not assume this separability. We give a different algorithm for updating each user's power allocation and show that this algorithm converges monotonically. Numerical results comparing this algorithm to several others are also presented.
Dopamine mediates circadian clock regulation of rod and cone input to fish retinal horizontal cells.

A circadian (24-hour) clock regulates the light responses of fish cone horizontal cells, second order neurones in the retina that receive synaptic contact from cones and not from rods. Due to the action of the clock, cone horizontal cells are driven by cones in the day, but primarily driven by rods at night. We show here that dopamine, a retinal neurotransmitter, acts as a clock signal for the day by increasing cone input and decreasing rod input to cone horizontal cells. The amount of endogenous dopamine released from in vitro retinae was greater during the subjective day than the subjective night. Application of dopamine or quinpirole, a dopamine D2-like agonist, during the subjective night increased cone input and eliminated rod input to the cells, a state usually observed during the subjective day. In contrast, application of spiperone, a D2-like antagonist, or forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, during the subjective day reduced cone input and increased rod input. SCH23390, a D1 antagonist, had no effect. Application of Rp-cAMPS, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or octanol, an alcohol that uncouples gap junctions, during the night increased cone input and decreased rod input. Because D2-like receptors are on photoreceptor cells, but not horizontal cells, the results suggest that the clock-induced increase in dopamine release during the day activates D2-like receptors on photoreceptor cells. The resultant decrease in intracellular cyclic AMP and protein kinase A activation then mediates the increase in cone input and decrease in rod input.
Review of O. V. Sokolovskaia's Grecheskaia koroleva Ol’ga Konstantinovna – Pod molotom sud’by [The Greek queen Olga Konstantinovna: under the hammer of fate]

OV Sokolovskaia, Grecheskaia koroleva Ol’ga Konstantinovna – Pod molotom sud’by [The Greek queen Olga Konstantinovna: under the hammer of fate], Moscow: Institute of Slavic Studies, 2011. 212 pp.
Testosterone, Preoptic Dopamine, and Copulation in Male Rats

Steroid hormones prime neural circuits for sexual behavior, in part by regulating enzymes, receptors, or other proteins affecting neurotransmitter function. Dopamine facilitates male sexual behavior in numerous species and is released before and/or during copulation in three integrative neural systems. The nigrostriatal system enhances readiness to respond; the mesolimbic system promotes many appetitive behaviors; the medial preoptic area (MPOA) contributes to sexual motivation, genital reflexes, and copulation. We have reported a consistent relationship between precopulatory dopamine release in the MPOA, when an estrous female was behind a perforated barrier, and the ability to copulate after the barrier was removed. Recent, but not concurrent, testosterone was necessary for the precopulatory dopamine response and copulation. The deficit in MPOA dopamine release in castrates was observed in basal conditions as well as the sexual context. However, dopamine in tissue punches from castrates was higher than in intact males. Because tissue levels represent primarily stored neurotransmitter, dopamine appeared to have been synthesized normally, but was not being released. Amphetamine induced greater dopamine release in castrates, again suggesting excessive dopamine storage. The decreased release may result from decreased activity of nitric oxide synthase in the MPOA of castrates. A marker for this enzyme showed lower activity in castrates than in intact males. Finally, blocking nitric oxide synthase in intact males blocked the copulation-induced release of dopamine in the MPOA. Therefore, one means by which testosterone may promote copulation is by upregulating nitric oxide synthesis in the MPOA, which in turn enhances dopamine release.
Lethal Rejection: Recounting Offenders' Experience in Prison and Societal Reaction Post Release

The significance of successful completion of a prison term and the eventual release from prison is that it marks not only the end of incarceration, but also the beginning of a second cycle of socie...
PROPOSAL: TRAUMA AS THE CAUSE OF THE PEYRONIE'S LESION

ABSTRACTPurpose: We define the cause of the occurrence of Peyronie's disease.Materials and Methods: Clinical evaluation of a large number of patients with Peyronie's disease, while taking into account the pathological and biochemical findings of the penis in patients who have been treated by surgery, has led to an understanding of the relationship of the anatomical structure of the penis to its rigidity during erection, and how the effect of the stress imposed upon those structures during intercourse is modified by the loss of compliance resulting from aging of the collagen composing those structures. Peyronie's disease occurs most frequently in middle-aged men, less frequently in older men and infrequently in younger men who have more elastic tissues. During erection, when full tumescence has occurred and the elastic tissues of the penis have reached the limit of their compliance, the strands of the septum give vertical rigidity to the penis. Bending the erect penis out of column stresses the attachment ...
Effectiveness of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder in a clinical setting

Abstract Objective To assess lamotrigine effectiveness in bipolar disorder (BD) patients in a clinical setting. Method Open lamotrigine was naturalistically administered to outpatients at the Stanford University BD Clinic assessed with the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for BD (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation, and monitored longitudinally with the STEP-BD Clinical Monitoring Form. Results One hundred and ninety-seven patients (64 BD I, 110 BD II, 21 BD NOS, 2 Schizoaffective Bipolar Type, mean ± SD age 42.2 ± 14.4 years, 62% female) had 200 trials of lamotrigine. Lamotrigine was combined with a mean of 2.1 ± 1.5 other psychotropic medications, most often during euthymia or depressive symptoms. Mean lamotrigine duration was 434 ± 444 days, and mean final dose was 236 ± 132 mg/day without valproate, and 169 ± 137 mg/day with valproate. Lamotrigine was discontinued in only 26.5% of trials at 255 ± 242 days, most often due to inefficacy, and seldom due to adverse effects. In 31.5% of trials lamotrigine was continued 264 ± 375 days with no subsequent psychotropic added. In 42.0% of trials lamotrigine was continued 674 ± 479 days, but had subsequent psychotropic added at 146 ± 150 days, most often for anxiety/insomnia and depressive symptoms. In 145 trials started at Stanford, lamotrigine primarily yielded relief of depressive symptoms or maintained euthymia. In 55 trials in which lamotrigine was started prior to Stanford, lamotrigine primarily maintained euthymia. Lamotrigine was generally well tolerated, with no serious rash, and only 3.5% discontinuing due to benign rash. Conclusion In a cohort of bipolar disorder outpatients commonly with comorbid conditions, and most often receiving complex combination therapy, lamotrigine had a low (26.5%, with an overall mean duration of treatment of 434 days) discontinuation rate, suggesting effectiveness in BD in a clinical setting.
BioBIKE: A Web-based, programmable, integrated biological knowledge base

BioBIKE (biobike.csbc.vcu.edu) is a web-based environment enabling biologists with little programming expertise to combine tools, data, and knowledge in novel and possibly complex ways, as demanded by the biological problem at hand. BioBIKE is composed of three integrated components: a biological knowledge base, a graphical programming interface and an extensible set of tools. Each of the five current BioBIKE instances provides all available information (genomic, metabolic, experimental) appropriate to a given research community. The BioBIKE programming language and graphical programming interface employ familiar operations to help users combine functions and information to conduct biologically meaningful analyses. Many commonly used tools, such as Blast and PHYLIP, are built-in, allowing users to access them within the same interface and to pass results from one to another. Users may also invent their own tools, packaging complex expressions under a single name, which is immediately made accessible through the graphical interface. BioBIKE represents a partial solution to the difficult question of how to enable those with no background in computer programming to work directly and creatively with mass biological information. BioBIKE is distributed under the MIT Open Source license. A description of the underlying language and other technical matters is available at www.Biobike.org.
Grief Counseling: An Investigation of Counselors' Training, Experience, and Competencies

Grief is prevalent in counseling, but little is known about the current status of counselors’ preparation and competencies to provide effective care. This exploratory study surveyed counselors (N= 369) on grief training, personal and professional experiences with grief, and grief counseling competence. Multiple regression analyses found training and experience were statistically significant predictors of competence. The strong relationship between variables suggests these concepts may be understood as synonymous. Implications for training, practice, and research are discussed.
Teduglutide for the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of the newly approved drug, teduglutide, for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Data Sources: Literature was retrieved through PubMed (1966-March 2014) using the search term teduglutide. The authors applied the filters Humans and English language, resulting in 47 publications. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The authors reviewed the 47 citations to extract those that were published clinical trials. Bibliographies of recent review articles and editorials were evaluated for additional pertinent publications for inclusion. The methods and results from each of the trials were extracted. Data Synthesis: Teduglutide has been studied in SBS in 3 phase III trials. Teduglutide decreases parenteral nutrition (PN) volume requirements, with 1 study showing a reduction of 4.4 ± 3.8 L/wk with teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg versus 2.3 ± 2.7 L/wk with placebo; P < 0.001. In another study, teduglutide improved graded response sco...
Detection of predation using qPCR: effect of prey quantity, elapsed time, chaser diet, and sample preservation on detectable quantity of prey DNA.

Using quantitative PCR that amplified a prey-specific mtDNA 214 bp amplicon from the COI mitochondrial gene of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), prey eggs of known age and number were fed to larvae of the generalist predator lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to elucidate the effects of time and diet since consumption, number of prey eggs, and methods for sample fixation and preservation, on the quantity of target DNA detected. Signal was strongly attenuated directly after cessation of feeding, even when predators were immediately frozen at -20°C. However, the quantity of target detected was significantly related to the number of eggs consumed and the time elapsed since eating. Decrease in detected prey DNA was consistent with a negative exponential model. The target DNA sequence disappeared from starved predators (quantitative half-life estimate of 59 min) more slowly than those fed potato aphids after consuming the target prey eggs (half-life estimate 16 min), whereas those fed C. maculata eggs as a chaser were intermediate in the rate at which they degraded the target prey DNA sequence. Fixative protocols are of critical importance in proper use of the qPCR technique. Among seven methods tested, storing the predator immediately in 70% ethanol prechilled to -20°C yielded the highest amount of target sequence, 22.8% of that recovered directly from a single intact prey egg. Samples frozen without solvent at -80°C and -20°C yielded only 6.0% and 2.3% of the target DNA respectively, and room temperature ethanol and ethylene glycol-based antifreeze averaged below 1% recovery of target DNA. Nevertheless, target prey was detected in more than 80% of antifreeze-stored predators. Predators killed and held at room temperature for 4 h or 5 days yielded no target prey DNA in 18 of 20 cases. These results emphasize both the value and the complexities of application of the qPCR technique to field predation studies.
Structural System Identification from Modal Information

Advances in modal testing and in partial eigenvalue and eigenvector calculation of large matrix systems and in eigensensitivity make it feasible to estimate actual physical parameters of finite element or frame analysis models by comparing calculated modal information with measured modal characteristics. The relevent mathematics required for structural system identification is presented in this paper with regards to linear structural systems.
The Formation of Intracellular Crystals in Midgut Glands of Limnoria lignorum

Certain morphological features of intracellular crystal formation within the midgut glands of Limnoria lignorum (Rathke) have been studied with the electron microscope and cytochemical methods. A correlation has been established between Golgi membranes and formation of the crystals. The Prussian blue reaction reveals quantities of iron localized in the intracellular crystals and in small granular structures seen in the apical region of the cells. These granules can be identified as accumulations of Golgi membranes, with which iron-containing particles are associated. When these membrane configurations are studied with the electron microscope, they can be classified and arranged in an assumed sequence which is thought to represent successive stages in the development of crystals. As the membrane systems become progressively specialized, increasing accumulations of dense granular material appear within their interstices. This material is rich in iron and probably represents the component responsible for the positive Prussian blue reaction. This material also appears to be a precursor substance for iron-containing protein molecules which are synthesized and arranged to make up the crystals. These iron-containing molecules are first deposited in orderly array as double rows of dense particles on certain internal membranes of the specialized Golgi complexes. The membranes later disappear and the particles form definitive crystals by rearrangement into a hexagonal close-packed pattern.
Hypnosis, the hidden observer, and not-so-hidden consent.

In reading an article I wrote with my colleagues (Lynn, Mare, Kvaal, Segal, Sivec, 1994) some time ago, it occurred to me that we did not provide the reader with sufficient caveats regarding the potential risk of pseudomemories and the dangers of reifying metaphors offered to clients in the process of clinical hypnosis. In that article, we examined the proposition that hidden observer instructions could have a therapeutic use in combination with hypnotic dream and age regression suggestions. We took pains to emphasize that we regard the hidden observer as an imaginative creation that is best thought of in metaphorical terms. Indeed, the research we reported in the article, and that is discussed extensively elsewhere (Kirsch & Lynn, 1998), indicates that the “hidden observer” is shaped by social demands and expectancies and does not, in fact, represent dissociated elements of the personality. Furthermore, we concluded by stating that “Caution… must be used in administering hidden observer suggestions to highly dissociative, highly suggestible clients who would be prone to reifying the metaphor of the hidden observer and incorporating it into a presentation of multiple personality” (p. 141). Despite these caveats, it bears emphasizing that caution must be exercised with all clients – dissociative or otherwise. Additionally, I believe that prudent clinical practice dictates clearly stating in an informed consent document that hidden observers, and for that matter, “inner advisors,” “ego states,” and related metaphors, are in no way true personality fragments or independent entities with distinct past histories. Rather, they are merely metaphors for the fact that different experiences and perspectives on situations and personal problems can be accessed when situational demands are conducive to examining one’s life in fresh ways. In fact, a careful clinical assessment to insure that clients are not likely to construe such metaphors as personality “segments,” “fragments,” or “parts” of the personality in a larger system of “multiple personalities,” is necessary before any intervention is contemplated, much less initiated. My belief is that the above metaphors should never be used in the context of age regression to recover (accurate) memories of forgotten past events. Such procedures might give the client the false impression that whatever information is recalled is accurate. This is not the case (see Lynn, Lock, Myers, & Payne, 1998), and this point should be explicated in an informed consent document. Indeed, in my opinion, age regression should not be used to recover supposedly suppressed, repressed, or dissociated memories regardless of whether hidden observer or related metaphors are brought into the therapy arena.
How Important Is Creativity? The Impact Of Age, Occupation And Cultural Background On The Assessment Of Ideas

Since the early work of Schumpeter (1950), the role of the entrepreneur has been integrally linked with innovation, the bringing of a new idea to the firm to improve either its products or its processes. Schumpeter’s entrepreneur is a person who has conceived of a new product or process or has recognized the value of new products or processes that have been invented elsewhere. The recognition of the value of a creative concept is a precondition to innovation. The role of the manager as a conduit for introducing potentially innovative concepts to the firm is to be able to recognize and appraise creative accomplishments, assess whether and how they might give the firm a competitive advantage, and to design the ways in which that might be accomplished. The current study seeks to identify how people view creativity as they age, and across occupations and cultures. The concept of creativity was found to vary with these three characteristics and changes qualitatively with age and occupation. Suggestions for further research are outlined.
Interaction of Edge Beams with Doubly Curved Shells

A method originally developed by Jenkins for considering the interaction of cylindrical shells with straight edge beams is extended to the case of doubly curved translational or rotational shells with curved edge beams. The method considers extensional, flexural and torsional effects in the beam. The intersection between shell and beam is not assumed to be at the beam axis. Action and displacement functions along the shell edge must be expanded into sine and cosine series. Two alternative derivations of the beam stiffness matrix are given.
Mechanism of lidocaine block of late current in long Q-T mutant Na+ channels

Inherited long Q-T syndrome is a ventricular arrhythmia associated with delayed repolarization and the risk of sudden death. The chromosome 3-linked form of the disease (LQT3) is associated with mu...
Realization and Scaling of ${\rm Ge}{\hbox{--}}{\rm Si}_{1{\hbox{-}}{\rm x}}{\rm Ge}_{\rm x}$ Core-Shell Nanowire $n$ -FETs

We present the realization and scaling properties of germanium-silicon-germanium (Ge-Si1-xGex) core-shell nanowire (NW) n-type, Ω-gate field-effect transistors (FETs). The devices show superior performance to the counterparts without the Si1-xGex shell. With a channel length (Lch) of 380 nm and a diameter of 40 nm, we demonstrate a subthreshold swing of 180 mV/dec, and an ON-current (ION) of 60 μA/μm, comparable with recent results in Ge n-type FinFETs fabricated by top-down techniques. By systematically studying the scaling properties, we identify the contribution of the channel and contact resistances to device characteristics. We conclude that ION is not limited by the contact resistance but rather by a relatively large channel resistance, presumably associated with a high-interface trap density (Dit).
Description and Evaluation of a Home-Based, Parent-Administered Program for Teaching Enhanced Natural Gestures to Individuals With Angelman Syndrome.

Purpose This article describes and presents outcomes of a home-based, self-administered version of the Enhanced Natural Gestures (ENG) program for individuals with Angelman syndrome. Method Parents of 18 individuals (11 boys and 7 girls) with Angelman syndrome, in consultation with their speech-language pathologists, participated in a quasi-experimental “B” design in which they self-administered an instructional program to teach their children to use enhanced natural gestures at home and/or in the community. Parents integrated 2 teaching methods, Mand-Model with time delay and Molding–Shaping, into their everyday interactions with their children. Parents reported outcomes of the program through goal attainment scaling and completion of the ENG Acceptability Rating Form. Results Children's overall achievements acquiring ENGs generally met or exceeded program (and parent) expectations. Most parents reported little difficulty self-administering the ENG program with their children and regarded the program pos...
What is the Role of Culture in the Association of Relationships with Health

There is now widespread recognition that relationships have important implications for health. To better understand this linkage, scholars have called for greater bridging between relationship science and the study of health. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness of another factor that needs to be incorporated into this area of study: culture. I recommend three steps that researchers can take to systematically incorporate culture into the study of relationships and health. First, I suggest four possible culture patterns to study: similarity, moderation, mediation, and novel constructs. Second, I suggest that theoretically meaningful cultural variation and multiple cultures be concurrently studied. The value of this strategy is highlighted via examples from three contexts that emphasize distinct approaches to self and emotion in relationships. Third, I suggest that key relationship processes in families and couples, two relationships with extensive implications for health, be studied. Selected studies of four relationship processes known to be relevant for health – expectations, formation and maintenance, emotions, and social support – are briefly reviewed to highlight the value of this focus. The theoretical and applied benefit of incorporating culture into the study of the association of relationships with health is discussed.
Colloid chemistry

THE Chairman of your Program Committee wrote to me that he wished my talk to be a popular presentation which would interest the members who came to the meeting and also a profound discussion which could be read with profit by the eighteen thousand members who decided not to come. Either alternative is a large order and the two are mutually inconsistent, so I am not likely to satisfy anybody. Your Chairman evidently forgot that, if I were to tell you all the things which I consider interesting about the theory of colloid chemistry, I should keep going for several weeks. I give my unfortunate class at least twenty-five lectures at full speed on this very point. I am going to compromise tonight by telling you of a few things which might reasonably be of interest to electrical engineers, without making any attempt to cover the whole ground.
Enhanced Impulse of a Jet Thruster Due to Radial Velocity at the Nozzle

Squid and jellyfish generate propulsive forces by successively taking in and expelling high momentum jets of water. This method of propulsion offers several advantages to underwater vehicles/robots. The driving mechanism can be placed internal to the vehicle, reducing the drag associated with an abundance of external thrusters and control surfaces. The thrusters can generate accurate predictable forcing in the low thrust range, while still generating the thrust nearly instantaneously over the entire force range. Vortex ring formation dynamics play a key role in creating thrust. It is observed that squid and jellyfish eject fluid jets which are not exactly parallel, and have a contracting velocity in the radial direction. We generated jet flows which were both parallel, and converging and directly measured the thrust acting on the device, as well as the total impulse of the jet, to determine the effect a non-zero radial velocity had on thrust production. The radial velocity was observed to increase the total impulse of the jet by 60% for large stroke ratio jets.
Broadband Linear Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulators

We show that properly dimensioned push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulators using reverse biased silicon diodes exhibit superior linearity (>60dB) over conventional Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder modulators, making them attractive for analog electronic to photonic conversion systems .
Eye-Color Mutations in the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Two eye-color mutations in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), are reported. The names proposed for these mutants are “pearl” and “lavender.” Crosses with wild-type individuals established that both traits are inherited as single autosomal recessives. Crosses between pearl and lavender proved that the two traits are inherited independently, but that the double recessive is phenotypically pearl. Since both mutants are tryptophan accumulators, this result can be explained by assuming that the lesion producing pearl occurs first in the biosynthetic pathway. Experiments involving parabiotically joined lavender and wild-type nymphs have also been performed. There was no change in the eye color of either partner even after two molts. This confirms an earlier report involving parabiotically joined pearl and wild-type nymphs.
Effect of Diluents and Temperature on Instrumental Insemination of Queen Honey Bees

Queen honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were inseminated with 1.25 μliter of semen diluted with an equal amount of diluent: 0.9% physiological saline (NaCI) solution containing 0.1% sugar (glucose, fructose, or trehalose or all 3 sugars) or the same sugars or sugar in buffered saline solution ( p H 6.9). Unaltered semen, stirred semen, and semen diluted with plain saline solution served as controls. The number of sperm reaching the spermatheca did not differ significantly among treatments ( P °;0.05). Also when queens were held at 25, 30, or 35°C or in the hive for 2 days after insemination with 2 μliter of semen, the number of sperm reaching the spermatheca did not differ but when the queens were held at 37.5 and 40°C the numbers were significantly lower. The death rate of the queens was high at 40°C.
Mission versus Maintenance: Social Movement Organizations' Multiple Forms

Abstract Individual social movement organizations (SMOs) often employ multiple, and what appear to be contradictory, organizational models. I believe that what may at first glance seem to be a random approach to organizational form and function is, upon a closer look, an approach that is deliberate, shaped by an organizational logic that shifts in response to the environment in which the SMO operates. This case study analyzes the adaptive nature of a social movement organization and the roles its members play as it alternates between different organizational modes.
Negative Refractive Index in a Bulk Optical Metamaterial

We report experimental realization of the first bulk optical negative index metamaterial. The index is determined by measuring the refractive angle at the exiting side of a prism, demonstrating negative phase propagation in the metamaterial.
Modeling of interdendritic porosity defects in an integrated computational materials engineering approach for metal casting

AbstractModelling and simulation of multiphysical phenomena need to be considered in the design and optimisation of mechanical properties of cast components in order to accelerate the introduction of new cast alloys. The data on casting defects, including microstructure features, are crucial for evaluating the final performance-related properties of the component. In this paper, the required models for the prediction of interdendritic casting defects, such as microporosity and hot tears, are reviewed. The data on calculated solidification shrinkage are presented and its effects on microporosity levels discussed. Numerical simulation results for microporosity are presented for A356, 356 and 319 aluminium alloys using ProCAST™ software. The calculated pressure drop of the interdendritic liquid was observed to be quite significant and the regions of high-pressure drop can be used as an indicator on the severity of interdendritic microporosity defects.
Application of Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis for Fetal Thalassemia Genotype and Haematological Phenotype in Early Pregnancy

Objective: Through the invasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic association between the distributions of genotypes and haematological phenotypes in thalassemia couples and prenatal risk factors in early pregnancy,contributing to the management of couples at high-risk in thalassemia in early pregnancy. Methods:Genotype analyses were performed in 606 cases with high risk who underwent trans-abdominal chorionic villus biopsy( TA-CVS),and the correlation with the hematology indexes including average hemoglobin( Hb),red blood cell volume( MCV),average red blood cell hemoglobin( MCH) and hemoglobin A2( HbA2) were compared,with the aim to figure out the correlation between the high risk factors for prenatal diagnosis indication and fetal genotypes. Results: ①There were 463 cases of fetal thalassemia in the 606 chorionic villus samples. 16 genotypes were detected in α-thalassemia carriers,and the--SEA/α α( Southeast Asia)( 26. 3%) was the most common genotype. ②The parents of fetus with Bart's and HbH phenotype were usually characterized by moderate hypochromic microcytic anemia.,and those with Bart's phenotype had lower MCV,MCH,Hb levels than those with HbH phenotype( P 0. 05). Carriers of β double heterozygous or homozygous were characterized by hypochromic microcytic anemia. Carriers of αβ compound and βheterozygous were characterized by mild lower or normal values of hematological parameters. ③Among the high risk factors for prenatal diagnosis indications,the proportion of Bart's and HbH phenotypes was higher than ultrasound abnormalities,abnormal pregnancy history,chromosomal abnormalities and birth history of severe Bart's phenotype. Conclusions: In Guangxi autonmous region,alpha thalassemia with--SEA/α α was the most common genotype. In term of a certain fetal genotype,the hematological characteristics of the parents varied apparently,and the risk index for fetal thalassemia became higher when the parents both carried high risk factors of thalassemia. To avoid missed diagnosis,it was important to make a comprehensive judgment based on haematological phenotype and risk factor in prenatal diagnosis.
IVA for abandoned object detection: Exploiting dependence across color channels

Automated detection of abandoned object (AO) is an important application in video surveillance for security purposes. Because of its importance, a number of techniques have been proposed to automatically detect abandoned objects in the past years. However, these techniques require prior knowledge on the properties of the object such as its shape and color, in order to classify foreground objects as abandoned object. In contrast, independent component analysis (ICA) does not require such prior knowledge. However, it can only model one dataset at a time, thus limiting its usage to monochrome frames. In this paper, we propose to use independent vector analysis (IVA), a recent extension of ICA to multivariate data that takes the dependence across multiple datasets into account while retaining the independence within each dataset. We present a new framework for AO detection using IVA and show that it provides successful performance in complicated scenarios, such as for videos with crowd, illumination change, and occlusion.
Truncation and Stellation

In Chapter 7 we discussed duality relations, in which elements of different dimensionalities are interchanged, subject to the constraints of the Euler-Schlaefli relation. In particular, we discussed in Chapter 7 the interchange of vertices and faces.
Associative Memory Mechanisms in Terrestrial Slugs and Snails

Terrestrial slugs and snails are particularly favorable subjects for studies of comparative cognition. Chemosensation is their dominant distance sense for locating food, mates, predators, and nest sites. A variety of conditioning phenomena have been demonstrated using odors as conditioned stimuli, including higher order conditioning such as second-order conditioning and blocking. Learning has been evaluated by measuring local reflexes and whole body orientation to odors. Behaviors with learned components involve homeostatic mechanisms for water, temperature, nutrition, and circadian activity. Cellular substrates and neural correlates for plasticity in odor processing have focused on a unique brain region, the procerebral lobe, which is necessary and sufficient for learning about odor stimuli. The rich set of learning phenomena displayed by terrestrial slugs and snails emphasize the importance of seeking evidence for complex cognitive tasks by asking experimental questions appropriate to the Umwelt of the animal. In general, invertebrates can implement most vertebrate learned logic operations.
Case 3: Recurrent Vomiting and 60-lb Weight Loss in a 17-year-old Girl

1. Lauren Wilson, MD* 1. *Community Medical Center, Missoula, MT; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. A 17-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a 2.5-week history of bilious emesis and left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain. She had a similar episode approximately 4 months ago that lasted 3 weeks and another briefer episode 1 month ago. During these episodes, she was treated with intravenous (IV) fluids and antiemetics but was never hospitalized. She denies diarrhea, bloody stools, hematemesis, or fever. Her pain and nausea have no clear exacerbating factors but improve when she takes hot showers or baths. She reports unintentional weight loss of 60 lb over 4 months. The patient is sexually active with women only and uses ethanol and cannabis recreationally. Physical examination reveals an uncomfortable and diaphoretic teenager of normal habitus. For her age, her height is at the 47th percentile, weight at the 80th percentile, and body mass index at the 81st percentile. Her vital signs are initially normal, but her blood pressure rises to 150/90 mm Hg and heart rate decreases to 50 beats per minute during a pain episode. Abdominal examination findings include mild periumbilical and LUQ tenderness. The remainder of the physical examination findings are unremarkable. Results of initial laboratory evaluation include: normal complete blood cell count; serum bicarbonate of 23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L); normal serum levels of electrolytes, glucose, amylase, lipase, …
Science Education and the Dominican Republic Project

Contents12.1 Introduction 28112.2 Science Education in the Dominican-American Community 283 12.2.1 Overview 283 12.2.2 Sense of Place 284 12.2.3 Funds of Knowledge Research 286 12.2.4 Curricula and Teaching Resources Relating to the DRP 290 12.2.5 Science Teacher Professional Development 292 12.2.6 Student Participation in DRP Research Projects 29412.3 International Educational Outreach Efforts in the Dominican Republic 29612.4 Conclusions 297References 298
The Path to Self-Governance: How the Alliance of American Indian Leaders envisioned a new relationship between American Indian governments and the federal government

In 1986 - 87, ten Indian tribes from throughout the United States began to meet in order to explore the constitutional relationship between the federal government and the Indian tribes. They called themselves the Alliance of American Indian Leaders. In partnership with the Indian Rights Association, these Tribes began a movement that led to the Congressional approval of Self-Governance Demonstration projects and eventual passage of P.L. 103-413, Title IV – Tribal Self- Governance Act in 1994. This article shares the words and memories of those involved, specifically focusing on the role of the leaders from the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe; recording their personal recollections of that journey as well as documenting their strength and determination to change the Federal bureaucracy that had kept the Indian people in perpetual poverty for decades.
Market Analysis, Technological Foresight, and Business Models for Micro-manufacturing

Micro-parts and micro-systems based products are considered as a crucial value-adding factor for many industrial sectors in Europe and thus an increasingly important contributor to Europe’s industrial and economic future. In this regard, it is quite relevant and important to understand the existing and future trends of micro-manufacturing not only from technological perspective but also from non-technological and managerial perspective. This chapter aims to provide a required body of knowledge for the readers in terms of market analysis, technological foresights and business models for micro-manufacturing. It will specifically discuss about current existing business drivers, sectors of application, market trends, future technologies and sectors of application, as well as existing and potential future business models for micro-manufacturing.
Presence of 2,4‐diamino‐N10‐methylpteroic acid after high‐dose methotrexate

Assay of plasma methotrexate has been established as important to its safe use. We have investigated the specificity of 2 assay procedures for methotrexate: the competitive dihydrofolate reductase binding assay (CRBA) and the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA of plasma methotrexate resulted in consistently higher values than the CRBA, with greater differences at later measurement times. A compound that strongly cross-reacts in the RIA, but not the CRBA, has been identified in plasma and urine of patients on high-dose methotrexate therapy, and appears to be the carboxypeptidase cleavage product (2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid) on the basis of chromatographic and ultraviolet spectral properties. Although this compound is present as a minor contaminant in commercial methotrexate preparations, quantitative assessment of urinary excretion suggests that in man a major portion of the compound is derived from methotrexate metabolism.
The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Landscape ecology examines the relationships between the spatial arrangement of different landforms and the processes that give rise to spatial and temporal patterns in local community structure. The spatial ecology of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body—in particular, those of the nose, mouth, and throat—deserves greater attention. Important questions include what defines the size of a population (i.e., "patch") in a given body site, what defines the boundaries of distinct patches within a single body site, and where and over what spatial scales within a body site are gradients detected. This Review looks at the landscape ecology of the upper respiratory tract and mouth and seeks greater clarity about the physiological factors—whether immunological, chemical, or physical—that govern microbial community composition and function and the ecological traits that underlie health and disease.