cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonarthroplasty alternatives for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis

Although most glenohumeral cartilaginous lesions are incidental findings and well tolerated, a symptomatic cartilage injury in a young, active individual remains a challenge. The diagnosis of this symptomatic lesion is difficult, and is usually only arrived at once other shoulder comorbidities and sources of glenohumeral pain are ruled out. Once diagnosed, a variety of treatment options are available which include palliative, reparative, restorative, and reconstruction techniques. The smallest lesions are amenable to reparative strategies such as marrow-stimulation, stimulating a fibrocartilaginous response. Larger lesions and those that have failed reparative techniques may be candidates for restorative or reconstruction procedures to replace damaged cartilage with hyaline-like tissue. The presence of bipolar injury may require the use of biologic interpositional arthroplasty. This review describes the challenges associated with the diagnosis and management of glenohumeral arthritis, and provides a treatment framework for use in these challenging patients.
The mind on stage: why cognitive scientists should study acting

One of the main pleasures of contemporary life is the observation of realistic acting-in dramatic theatre, television comedies, award-winning movies, and pornography. However, realistic acting is relatively new; before the early 20th century, performance was highly stylized, closer to what we would think of as pretense or oration [1]. What goes on in the process of realistic acting? And why do we enjoy it so much?
Snail as a novel marker for regional metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Previous studies have shown Snail expression integral to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumor progression. However, its behavior in clinical head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is yet undefined. We therefore sought to (1) investigate clinical and histopathologic characteristics of Snail-positive HNSCC and (2) understand the link between Snail and other commonly used HNSCC tumor markers. Study Design A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Setting This study was conducted in a large-scale academic center. Study Subjects Of 51 consecutive HNSCC, 42 surgical resections were included. Methods Two separate pathologists performed standard histopathologic reviews along with immunohistochemistries (Snail, E-cadherin, p16, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) and in situ hybridization (human papilloma virus [HPV]). Medical review for all cases was performed. Results Twenty-two (52%) of 42 cases stained 4+ Snail (>75% staining). The remaining 20 cases were considered negative. Snail was strongly inversely related to E-cadherin expression (ρ = −0.69, P Conclusion This pilot study provides promising evidence of Snail' role as a molecular prognostic marker for HNSCC. Snail positivity is significantly predictive of poorly differentiated, lymphovascular invasive, as well as regionally metastatic tumors. Because Snail positivity appears independent of HPV, p16, and EGFR expression, Snail may prove to improve upon these markers' predictive limitations.
Use of Domestic Violence Services Across Race and Ethnicity by Women Aged 55 and Older The Illinois Experience

This study focuses on 2,702 White, African American, and Hispanic female victims of domestic violence aged 55 and older who sought services from domestic violence programs. The experiences of these elders in terms of the type of abuse, the relationship to the abuser, the referral source, and service needs are described. Findings indicate that older women in the domestic violence service system have different experiences than persons in the adult protective service system. They are more frequently victims of intimate partner violence and have corresponding service needs that vary by race and ethnicity. The implications for older victims of domestic violence are discussed.
Novel amelogenin-releasing hydrogel for remineralization of enamel artificial caries

Recently, the use of recombinant full-length amelogenin protein in combination with fluoride has shown promising results in the formation of densely packed enamel-like structures. In this study, amelogenin (rP172)-releasing hydrogels containing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride were investigated for remineralization efficacy using in vitro early enamel caries models. The hydrogels were applied to artificial caries lesions on extracted human third molars, and the remineralization efficacy was tested in different models: static gel remineralization in the presence of artificial saliva, pH cyclic treatment at pH 5.4 acetic buffer and pH 7.3 gel remineralization, and treatment with multispecies oral biofilms grown in a continuous flowing constant-depth film fermenter. The surface microhardness of remineralized enamel increased significantly when amelogenin was released from hydrogel. No cytotoxicity was observed when periodontal ligament cells were cultured with the mineralized hydrogels.
Esophageal stents: past, present, and future

Esophageal stents have evolved in stages over the years. First introduced over 120 years ago, they were used uncommonly until the Celestin tube in the 1970s, which initiated the era of rigid prosthesis use for the next 20 years. These tubes were fraught with high complication rates, leading to their evolutionary demise and ushering in the current era of self-expanding stents. The latter began as metal (stainless steel followed by nitinol) and have now come to include plastic and biodegradable materials. There are many choices of different types of stents and sizes, with fierce competition among manufacturers. However, several limiting factors remain with current stent technology and the body's response to them. The ideal stent remains elusive. Future needs include focusing on reducing complication rates, which could be done by improving stent design, using different materials/coverings, or creating hybrid stents. In the future, stents could also do more than just pry open a stricture or cover a defect in the esophageal lumen; a possibility includes drug delivery and proving local therapy. The ultimate goal of the esophageal stent of the future would be to treat the underlying condition and restore esophageal function to near normal.
Metastatic calcification involving the true vocal cord

Metastatic calcification (MC) commonly results secondary to phosphorus and calcium dysregulation in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Only once before has MC been reported to involve a true vocal cord. A 35-year-old man with ESRD and secondary hyperparathyroidism was evaluated for hoarseness. Three years ago, he underwent a total parathyroidectomy with parathyroid autograft to the forearm. Simultaneously, he had a left lobe thyroidectomy that displayed a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Since that time, he continued to have hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. Laryngoscopy displayed a small papillomatous lesion on the right true vocal cord. He underwent excision of the vocal cord lesion; histologic examination demonstrated benign squamous epithelium with extensive submucosal calcification. In patients with ESRD with secondary dysregulation of serum phosphorus to calcium level balance, MC may involve variable anatomical locations, including the true vocal cords. Regarding histologic findings, pathologists must consider malignancies associated with calcification, mimicking a benign process.
Minimal access adrenal surgery

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the preferred method for removal of most adrenal tumors. An important component in selecting patients for this operation is to understand the clinical presentation and diagnostic workup for the various functioning and nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. In this review, an overview of the key clinical and diagnostic aspects of the most common adrenal tumors is presented. The indications and contraindications for a laparoscopic approach are discussed and the technique for laparoscopic adrenalectomy is then presented with inclusion of video links to demonstrate the technique. A review of the results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy is then considered with regard to common outcome measures and complications. A current controversy in adrenal surgery is the role of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the management of patients with large tumors and malignant or potentially malignant adrenal lesions and the literature on this topic is reviewed in detail. The article concludes with a discussion of the indications and technique for partial adrenalectomy.
Writers' strategies and attitudes in an industrial forum: background for a study

Many researchers have studied the writing strategies and processes of students. A question that should be asked is 'Do the results of that research apply to writers writing in an industrial environment?' He examines past research and provides background for a study described in papers by P. Green and T. Brooks (ibid., p.48-66). >
Toward a theory of biological‐physical control of harmful algal bloom dynamics and impacts

A growing body of laboratory, field, and theoretical work suggests that the dynamics of harmful algal blooms and their impacts on other organisms are frequently controlled not only by physiological responses to local environmental conditions as modified by trophic interactions, but also by a series of interactions between biological and physical processes occurring over an extremely broad range of temporal and spatial scales. All too frequently, major gaps in our ability to identify, measure, and model the underlying biological and physical processes and their interactions over the appropriate temporal and spatial scales have prevented the quantitative assessment of the importance of these factors in causing past blooms and the development of predictive models of bloom dynamics and impacts. For these reasons, we have combined fluid continuity equations with a conservation equation for population dynamics to quantify how biological and physical processes and their interactions affect the population dynamics of harmful algae and their potential impact on other organisms. Applications of the resulting numerical and conceptual models to toxic algal blooms in upwelling systems and pycnocline layers suggest not only that bloom dynamics and impacts are sensitive to biological-physical interactions occurring at multiple scales, but also that such interactions may be critical components of the life-history strategies of these organisms.
Bending of Light by Gravity

To this point we have examined how massive objects move under the influence of gravity. Einstein taught us that light’s motion is affected by gravity as well. Despite being relativistic, gravitational light bending can be studied with a quasi-Newtonian framework to obtain a new way to probe mass in the universe.
ILL data drives technical services projects

Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Service departments sit on a wealth of information that can be beneficial to other library departments. Statistics are studied to find ways to improve the fill rate, decrease the number of NO's to either the requesting patron or the requesting library, which can show us where we can improve our services and potentially what additional skills or training staff could use. At the University of Central Florida, the Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Service Department teamed up with the Acquisitions and Cataloging departments to develop projects that support all library departments, staff, and patrons.
Free Radical-induced Cross-linking of Polydeoxythymidylic Acid in Deoxygenated Aqueous Solution

SummaryRadiation-generated hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms were shown to induce the cross-linking of polydeoxythymidylic acid (mol wt ∼ 170 000) in N2O-saturated acqueous solution. The irradiated samples were hydrolysed with formic acid and then analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Products were isolated and subsequently characterized by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The presence of previously described monomeric thymine products was also shown. Yields were determined and mechanisms of formation were described for the products.
Unstructured hp/Spectral Elements: Connectivity and Optimal Ordering

In this paper we describe connectivity and optimal ordering issues of the new hp/spectral element discretization based on triangular and tetrahedral elements. The new method uses a hierarchical modal basis that employs Jacobi polynomials of mixed weights. The basis uses a new coordinate system that allows automated integration and maintains a tensor product form for computational efficiency [1]. A simple connectivity algorithm is proposed here that allows the use of standard mesh generators used in tetrahedral finite volume discretization. Moreover a bandwidth minimization procedure is constructed based on the Cuthill-McKee algorithm. This is applied to the boundary matrix (Schur complement of global stiffness matrix) in discretizations of elliptic problem resulting in narrow banded matrices for a variety of two- and three-dimensional dicretizations. The new algorithms have been implemented in the general code NeκΤαr, which represents the new generation of spectral element methods for unstructured meshes.
Cryogenic Fluid Dynamic Response of Swirl Injector to External Forcing at Supercritical Conditions

The present study explores the effects of externally imposed excitations on the cryogenic fluid dynamics of pressure swirl injectors at supercritical conditions. The external forcing is imposed through periodic oscillations of the mass flow rate at the injector tangential inlet over a broad band of frequencies. The flow field evolution, film thickness, and the spreading angle at the nozzle exit, are investigated and compared with the results obtained from flow without external forcing. The results indicate that low frequency forcing results in coherent flow structures at the frequency of the external forcing, whereas very high-frequency forcing does not affect the flow field significantly due to large viscous dissipation of the high-frequency fluctuations. Due to the conservation of mass and momentum, external forcing does not lead to much variation in the time-averaged film thickness and spreading angle, however, their instantaneous quantities become more regular and periodic when external forcing is enforced. The effect of the forcing magnitude was also investigated. When the forcing magnitude is very large, the film thickness and spreading angle at the injector exit deviate from the low forcing magnitude cases.
What Pythagoras Could Have Done

(1988). What Pythagoras Could Have Done. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 2, pp. 117-117.
Screening North American plant extracts in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei for discovery of new antitrypanosomal drug leads.

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a protozoan parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei. The disease is endemic in regions of sub-Saharan Africa, covering 36 countries and more than 60 million people at the risk. Only few drugs are available for the treatment of HAT. Current drugs suffer from severe toxicities and require intramuscular or intravenous administrations. The situation is further aggravated due to the emergence of drug resistance. There is an urgent need of new drugs that are effective orally against both stages of HAT. Natural products offer an unmatched source for bioactive molecules with new chemotypes. The extracts prepared from 522 plants collected from various parts of the North America were screened in vitro against blood stage trypamastigote forms of T. brucei. Active extracts were further screened at concentrations ranging from 10 to 0.4 μg/mL. Active extracts were also investigated for toxicity in Differentiated THP1 cells at 10 μg/mL concentration. The results were computed for dose–response analysis and determination of IC50/IC90 values. A significant number (150) of extracts showed >90 % inhibition of growth of trypomastigote blood forms of T. brucei in primary screening at 20 μg/mL concentration. The active extracts were further investigated for dose–response inhibition of T. brucei growth. The antitrypansomal activity of 125 plant extracts was confirmed with IC50 < 10 μg/mL. None of these active extracts showed toxicity against differentiated THP1 cells. Eight plants extracts namely, Alnus rubra, Hoita macrostachya, Sabal minor, Syzygium aqueum, Hamamelis virginiana, Coccoloba pubescens, Rhus integrifolia and Nuphar luteum were identified as highly potent antitrypanosomal extracts with IC50 values <1 μg/mL. Limited phytochemical and pharmacological reports are available for the lead plant extracts with potent antitrypanosomal activity. Follow up evaluation of these plant extracts is likely to yield new antitrypanosomal drug-leads or alternate medicines for treatment of HAT.
Economic Impact of Antiemesis

Control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is a major concern for patients receiving cancer therapy and a major quality of life issue. However, the fact that antiemetic control improves quality (but not duration) of
SU-F-J-128: Dosimetric Impact of Esophagus Motion in Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Purpose: Acute esophageal toxicity is a common side effect in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The respiratory motion may alter esophageal position from the planning scan resulting in excessive esophageal dose. Here we assessed the dosimetric impact resulting from the esophageal motion using 4DCT. Methods: Nine patients treated to their thoracic spines in one fraction of 24 Gy were identified for this study. The original plan on a free breathing CT was copied to each phase image of a 4DCT scan, recalculated, scaled, and accumulated to the free breathing CT using deformable image registration. A segment of esophagus was contoured in the vicinity of treatment target. Esophagus dose volume histogram (DVH) was generated for both the original planned dose and the accumulated 4D dose for comparison. In parallel, we performed a chained deformable registration of 4DCT phase images to estimate the motion magnitude of the esophagus in a breathing cycle. We examined the correlation between the motion magnitude and the dosimetric deviation. Results: The esophageal motion mostly exhibited in the superior-inferior direction. The cross-sectional motion was small. Esophagus motion at T1 vertebra level (0.7 mm) is much smaller than that at T11 vertebra level (6.5 mm). The difference of Dmax between the original and 4D dose distributions ranged from 9.1 cGy (esophagus motion: 5.6 mm) to 231.1 cGy (esophagus motion: 3.1 mm). The difference of D(5cc) ranged from 5 cGy (esophagus motion: 3.1 mm) to 85 cGy (esophagus motion: 3.3 mm). There was no correlation between the dosimetric deviation and the motion magnitude. The V(11.9Gy)<5cc constraint was met for each patient when examining the DVH calculated from the 4D dose. Conclusion: Respiratory motion did not result in substantial dose increase to esophagus in spine SBRT. 4DCT simulation may not be necessary with regards to esophageal dose assessment.
Rock Cutter Interactions in Linear Rock Cutting

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter, as a major cutting tool, has been widely applied in oil and gas drilling processes. The understanding of the complex interactions at the rock and cutter interfaces are essential for the advancement of future drilling technologies, yet, these interactions are still not fully understood. Linear cutting of rock, among all the testing methods, avoids the geometric and process complexities and offer the most straightforward way to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of rock cutting. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental study of the cutter’s cutting performance and the rock’s failure behaviors on a newly developed linear rock cutting facility. A series of rock cutting tests were designed and performed. The acquired experimental data was analyzed to investigate the influences of process parameter and the rock’s mechanical properties on chip formation and force responses.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
For-Profit Medical Schools-A Flexnerian Legacy Upended.

On August 29, 2007, a century of exclusively not-for-profit undergraduate medical education in the United States ended, with the provisional accreditation of investor-owned Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine.1 On September 5, 2014, in a first for allopathic medicine, the Ponce Health Sciences University School of Medicine, a 35-year-old not-for-profit institution in financial distress, was acquired by Arist Medical Sciences University, a for-profit public benefit corporation.2 More recently, investor-owned California Northstate University College of Medicine and Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine received preliminary and provisional accreditation, respectively.3,4 Collectively, these for-profit medical schools now account for 495 matriculants in the class of 2020. Additional for-profit medical schools are expected. In this Viewpoint, we trace the accreditation history of for-profit medical schools, discuss the challenges facing these new entrants, explore their potential contributions to the medical education enterprise, and examine their future.
Explaining Smoking Behavior in Adolescence

Relations among measures of adolescent behavior were examined to determine whether cigarette smoking fits into a structure of problem behaviors—behaviors that involve normative transgression—or a structure of health-related behaviors, or both. In an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 1782 male and female high school adolescents, four first-order problem behavior latent variables—sexual intercourse experience, alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, and delinquency—were established and together were shown to reflect a second-order latent variable of problem behavior. Four first-order latent variables of health-related behaviors—unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary behavior, unsafe behavior, and poor dental hygiene—were also established and together were shown to reflect a second-order latent variable of health-compromising behavior. The structure of relations among those latent variables was modeled. Cigarette smoking had a significant and substantial loading only on the problem-behavior latent variable; its loading on the health-compromising behavior latent variable was essentially zero. Adolescent cigarette smoking relates strongly and directly to problem behaviors and only indirectly, if at all, to health-compromising behaviors. Interventions to prevent or reduce adolescent smoking should attend more to factors that influence problem behaviors.
Energy and momentum distributions of hadrons produced in inelastic muon-proton scattering

We present inclusive distributions for final-state hadrons produced in inelastic muon-proton scattering. Over the total energy range $2lWl4.7$ GeV and the momentum-transfer range $0.3l{Q}^{2}l4.5$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$, the fractional momentum and energy distributions approximately scale. Distributions in transverse momentum display an interesting two-component behavior. They show no dependence on the virtual-photon "mass squared" ${Q}^{2}$, and have average values typical of other hadron-initiated reactions. A comparison of our distributions with those seen in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation and neutrino-nucleon scattering shows agreement, in support of quark-parton fragmentation ideas. We further break these distributions down by event topology.
Electric-field mapped averaging for the dielectric constant

Abstract We examine the performance of mapped averaging for the computation of the dielectric constant in application to the TIP4P water potential. We compare the efficiency of conventional and mapped averaging in terms of the difficulty ratio, considering four temperatures (500 K, 650 K, 1300 K, and 1800 K) and densities from 10 − 6 g/cm3 to 1.0 g/cm3. We consider differences in the methods also with respect to correlation of samples, and system-size effects. Results for 650 K are compared to experimental data as represented by a correlation for the dielectric constant from the literature, with deviations of up to 25% observed. Significant advantage in efficiency is seen for the mapped-averaging approach at high temperature and low density, while being marginally less efficient at liquid-like densities. We also examine the simulation data against results from a dielectric virial series to third order in density, and suggest that an even better mapped-averaging method may be developed from consideration of pairwise interactions of the molecular dipoles.
Synthesis of ordered, functional, robust nanoporous membranes from liquid crystalline brush-like triblock copolymers

The fabrication of mechanically robust nanoporous polymeric membrane materials with aligned, accessible functionalized nanopores is extremely important for many applications. We report a general and modular synthesis, structure/morphology and properties of nanoporous membranes from norbornene backbone based triblock copolymers containing functionalized amine monomers in the central block, and side-chain liquid crystalline and side-chain polylactide end blocks. The composition, sequence of monomer addition, overall molecular weight, norbornene backbone and thiol–ene crosslinking chemistries are chosen and optimized to produce functional and easily aligned pores within the membrane. These membranes are shown to retain their morphology before and after crosslinking as well as hydrolysis of polylactide side chains. The functional groups on the pores are shown to be chemically accessible as evidenced by spectroscopic techniques and subjecting the membranes to the uptake of arsenate ions as a model application.
Exposure to secondhand smoke at home and at work in California.

Objectives.We estimated self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in California at home and at work.Methods.We used data from the 2005 and 2007 California Health Interview Surveys (n = 109,809)...
Identification of mutations in the Ki-ras gene in human retinoblastoma.

Purpose. To investigate the mutational status of the Ki-ras gene in retinoblastoma and to evaluate a correlation of the genotype with clinical and histopathologic variables. Methods. Tumor samples were microdissected from sectioned archival paraffin-embedded tissue. Ki-ras genomic sequences (exons 1 and 2) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction then analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing. Tissue sections, flanking the analyzed samples, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for examination by light microscopy. Results. Four of 12 tumors had mutation in exon 1, codon 12 of the Ki-ras gene ; none had mutation in exon 2. Signal intensity of the mutated alleles indicates clonal mutation in the tumor cell populations. One of four bilateral tumors was mutated, and all three samples with undifferentiated histologic appearance harbored a clonal Ki-ras mutation. However, only one of nine moderately to poorly differentiated tumors harbored a mutation. Conclusions. Ki-ras, an oncogene seldom altered in neuroectodermal neoplasms, is mutated in one third of the retinoblastomas studied. The Ki-ras mutations are clonal, suggesting that affected cells have a selective growth advantage. The mutations are present and are likely to play a pathogenetic role in heritable and sporadic retinoblastomas. These results suggest that mutations in Ki-ras are preferentially associated with undifferentiated tumors.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Identity Management

The true value of identity management comes into play with business partners and consumers. The ability to federate identity across organizations while maintaining clear trust, liability, and cost responsibilities is a major challenge for enterprises as we continue to pursue efficiency and cost savings in cross-organizational business and customer-relationship processes.
P26: Nitrite induced oxidation of oxygenated hemoglobin is accelerated by nitroxyl (HNO)

Angeli’s salt decomposes into nitrite and nitroxyl (HNO), compounds of physiological and therapeutic interest for their impact on biological signaling through both nitric oxide dependent and independent pathways. Both nitrite and nitroxyl oxidize oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) to methemoglobin (metHb), though the nitroxyl reaction rate is approximately seven orders of magnitude larger, and the nitroxyl reaction is thus often considered independent of the nitrite reaction. Earlier work has shown that nitroxyl catalyzes the reduction of nitrite by deoxygenated hemoglobin. However, this research represents the first known report showing nitroxyl accelerates the nitrite reaction with oxyHb. We have demonstrated this nitroxyl mediated acceleration of the nitrite/oxyHb reaction with oxyHb in excess to nitroxyl and nitrite (as would be found under physiological conditions) by monitoring the formation of metHb in the presence of Angeli’s salt with and without added nitrite. In addition, this acceleration has been demonstrated using the nitroxyl donor 4-nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl pivalate, a water-soluble acyloxy nitroso compound that does not release significant amounts of nitrite but does generate nitroxyl in the presence of esterase. This nitroxyl donor was used both with and without nitrite and acceleration of the nitrite induced formation of methemoglobin was observed. We found that the acceleration was not significantly affected by catalase, superoxide dismutase, or IHP, suggesting that it is not due to formation of peroxide, or superoxide, or to modulation of allosteric properties. In addition, we found that the acceleration is not likely to be related to nitroxyl binding to free reduced hemoglobin. We suggest that the mechanism of acceleration involves local propagation of autocatalysis in the nitrite/oxyHb reaction. This acceleration of the nitrite/oxyHb reaction could affect studies aimed at understanding physiological roles of nitroxyl and nitrite and the use of these agents in therapeutics for conditions such as hypertension, hemolytic anemia, heart failure, and ischemia reperfusion injury. Disclosure Supported by HL098032.
Fluconazole to prevent yeast infections in bone marrow transplantation patients:: A randomized trial of high versus reduced dose, and determination of the value of maintenance therapy

Abstract Purpose To determine the optimal dose and duration of fluconazole antifungal prophylaxis therapy in bone marrow transplantation patients. Subjects and methods Two hundred and fifty-three pediatric and adult bone marrow transplantation patients were randomly assigned to receive fluconazole 400 mg daily (high dose) or 200 mg daily (low dose) while they were neutropenic. After neutrophil recovery, patients were randomly assigned to receive maintenance therapy with either fluconazole (100 mg daily) or clotrimazole troches (10 mg 4 times daily) until 100 days after transplantation. Patients were monitored until 2 weeks after completion of early prophylaxis and to 100 days after transplantation. Results During the early prophylaxis phase, rates of yeast colonization and infections were similar in both treatment groups. By day 50, the incidence of Candida infections in the high-dose group was 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1% to 7%; n=5), compared with 1% in the low-dose fluconazole group (95% CI: 0% to 3%; n=1; P = 0.08). During the same period, the incidence of Aspergillus infections was 4% (95% CI: 1% to 7%; n=5) in the high-dose group and 2% (95% CI: 0% to 4%; n=2; P = 0.33) in the low-dose group. During the maintenance prophylaxis phase, rates of yeast colonization and superficial infections were similar in the fluconazole and clotrimazole groups. Four patients developed systemic fungal infection in the maintenance phase (1 who received clotrimazole and 3 who received fluconazole). Conclusion High-dose (400 mg daily) and low-dose (200 mg daily) fluconazole have similar efficacy in reducing the incidence of yeast colonization, superficial infection, and systemic infection in neutropenic pediatric and adult patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Rates of yeast colonization after neutrophil recovery were similar in patients treated with fluconazole or clotrimazole.
Case of fatal familial insomnia caused by a d178n mutation with phenotypic similarity to Hashimoto’s encephalopathy

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare prion disease commonly inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern from a mutation in the PRioN Protein (PRNP) gene. Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is characterised by encephalopathy associated with antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) or antithyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies. These two conditions characteristically have differing clinical presentations with dramatically different clinical course and outcomes. Here, we present a case of FFI mimicking HE. A woman in her 50s presented with worsening confusion, hallucinations, tremor and leg jerks. Several maternal relatives had been diagnosed with FFI, but the patient had had negative genetic testing for PRNP. MRI of brain, cervical and thoracic spine were unremarkable except for evidence of prior cervical transverse myelitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies were elevated. She was started on steroids for possible HE and showed improvement in symptoms. Following discharge, the results of her PRNP gene test returned positive for variant p.Asp178Asn.
"I should probably know more": Reasons for and roadblocks to the use of historic collections

Collections of dress and textiles can make subjects such as history come to life. However previous studies and anecdotal evidence have shown that many collections are underutilized within university settings. The purpose of this paper was to examine what factors influence the use of collections in the university classroom, and to ask whether there are barriers in place that prevent more frequent use of these resources. Following institutional review board exemption, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with curators and collection managers at twelve institutions (n=15) and then with faculty who utilized the collection (n=9) and faculty who could, but did not utilize the collection (n=6). Drawing from the interview transcripts, the researchers will illuminate possible barriers that prevent faculty from utilizing collections. We will also provide ways to encourage use of these valuable resources. These suggestions will be guided by organizational learning theory.
Furo[2,3- g]thieno[2,3- e]indole: Application of an Ynamide-Based Benzannulation Strategy to the Synthesis of a Tetracyclic Heteroaromatic Compound.

The first synthesis of the tetracyclic aromatic compound furo[2,3-g]thieno[2,3-e]indole (“FTI”) is described. The synthetic strategy features a photochemical benzannulation based on the reaction of an α-diazo ketone and ynamide which assembles a benzothiophene equipped with substituents that enable subsequent cyclizations to generate the nitrogen and oxygen heterocyclic rings.
A Raspberry Pi Based Data-Centric MAC for Robust Multicast in Vehicular Network

Data-centric networks provide content instead of address (what vs. where) based communication primitives, and have been argued to be the proper candidate for data dissemination in high mobility vehicular networks (e.g., delivering road side accident video clips to affected drivers in both directions). However, current Medium Access Control (MAC) layers filter incoming frames based on destination addresses, not content. The data-centric network community has resorted to MAC broadcast, with high and greatly varying frame loss rates. We propose V-MAC, a data-centric MAC layer that filters frames by content. It supports one to many multicast at MAC level, and ensures a uniform and controllable small frame loss rate across all receivers, despite their varying reception qualities. We have created a V-MAC prototype using Raspberry Pis and WiFi dongles. Experiments under extremely noisy environment show that it reduces frame loss from 50% (broadcast) to less than 10%, and consistently among multiple receivers.
Tuning molecular structure of tertiary amine catalysts for glucose isomerization

Abstract The structure of alkyl substituents on tertiary amines can impact catalytic performance for the isomerization of glucose to fructose. When using the same concentration, homogeneous amines with similar values of pKa result in different glucose conversions. The observed differences can be attributed to how the steric bulk of substituents on the amine impact the accessibility. Amines with less bulky substituents achieve higher glucose conversion than sterically hindered amines, indicating that the amine is involved in a catalytically relevant step. Analogues of these homogeneous tertiary amines with different alkyl substituents are immobilized onto mesoporous silica materials. Contrary to the trend with homogeneous amines, the steric bulk of isopropyl substituents for tertiary amine functionalized silica materials leads to higher glucose conversion than less bulky substituents. The differences are associated with interactions with the silica surface. Catalytic testing with homogeneous amines in presence of silica demonstrate that the amines with bulky substituents are impacted less by the silica than less sterically hindered amines. Overall, these results demonstrate that amines are a tunable catalyst for the isomerization of glucose to fructose.
Generating Multiscale Gold Nanostructures on Glass without Sidewall Deposits Using Minimal Dry Etching Steps.

The advent of recent technologies in the nanoscience arena requires new and improved methods for the fabrication of multiscale features (e.g., from micro- to nanometer scales). Specifically, biological applications generally demand the use of transparent substrates to allow for the optical monitoring of processes of interest in cells and other biological materials. Whereas wet etching methods commonly fail to produce essential nanometer scale features, plasma-based dry etching can produce features down to tens of nanometers. However, dry etching methods routinely require extreme conditions and extra steps to obtain features without residual materials such as sidewall deposits (veils). This work presents the development of a gold etching process with gases that are commonly used to etch glass. Our method can etch gold films using reactive ion etching (RIE) at room temperature and mild pressure in a trifluoromethane (CHF3)/oxygen (O2) environment, producing features down to 50 nm. Aspect ratios of 2 are obt...
Rural-Urban Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences Across a National Sample of Children.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exposure in 34 states and the District of Columbia, and whether exposure differs between rural and urban residents. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), restricted to states in which rural versus urban residence was indicated in the public use data (n = 25,977 respondents). Bivariate analyses were used to estimate unadjusted associations. Multivariable regression models were run to examine the association between residence (rural or urban) and ACE counts of 4 or more. Findings Compared to urban children, rural children had higher rates of exposure to the majority of the ACEs examined: parental separation/divorce, parental death, household incarceration, household violence, household mental illness, household substance abuse, and economic hardship. In adjusted analysis, there was no significant difference for rural children compared to urban children. The odds of 4 or more ACEs decrease as poverty levels decline, with children residing 0%-99% below the federal poverty line more likely to have reported 4 or more ACEs, compared to children residing 400% or above the federal poverty line (aOR 4.02; CI: 2.65-6.11). Conclusions Our findings suggest that poverty is a key policy lever that may mitigate the burden of ACE exposure. The findings of this study may be instructive for policymakers and program planners as they develop interventions to stop, reduce, or mitigate ACE exposure and the long-term impact of ACEs among children in rural America.
Aluminium Gallium Arsenide on insulator platform for efficient nonlinear processes

In this talk, we will present our recent progress in (Aluminium) Gallium Arsenide on insulator platform for nonlinear applications, including efficient second harmonic generation, low threshold frequency comb generation and high-Q cavities.
Multi-Factor Authentication Modeling

The work defines a multi-factor authentication model in case the application supports multiple authentication factors. The aim of this modeling is to find acceptable authentication methods sufficient to access specifically qualified information.The core of the proposed model is risk-based authentication. Results of simulations of some key scenarios often used in practice are also presented.
A Marketing Perspective on Innovation: For Disciplinary Perspectives on Innovation

This section presents an overview of the marketing perspective on innovation. From a marketing perspective, the role of innovation in an organization is to create a steady stream of new products and services that meets the needs of customers. The role of marketing is to carry the voice of the customer into the organization, in order to infuse decisions with this customer-centric perspective. The marketing discipline offers a number of different lenses through which innovation is studied, including acustomer lens (e.g., factors that affect customersâ decisions to adopt innovation and different categories of adopters; the rate and trajectory of adoption and diffusion of innovations; various research protocols and tools to study customer needs and perceptions of innovation; and the intersection of innovation and consumption from a cultural perspective); acompany lens (e.g., the new product development process, product launch strategies, the interactions between marketing personnel and engineering/RDan inter-firm relationship lens (including the role of suppliers, alliance/partners, channel retailers and distributors, and innovation ecosystem partners); and the lens of thebroader market environment (such as government labs, industry consortia, etc.). In addition, this section identifies future opportunity areas where marketing can offer its distinctive perspective on innovation, including, for example, the role of social influencers in adoption of innovation; data-driven innovation; new types of innovation (reverse innovation, sustainable innovation, social innovation, and business model innovation); platform innovations/ innovation ecosystems; and biomimicry.
Alt-resilience: a semantic network analysis of identity (re)construction in an online men’s rights community

ABSTRACTOnline communities can provide social support that plays a critical role in identity reconstruction. Given a changing gendered landscape in which men's identity constructions and configurat...
Geology Misconceptions Targeted by an Overlapping Consensus of US National Standards and Frameworks.

In the past few decades, scientific and educational entities in the United States have repeatedly expended considerable fiscal and human resources in an effort to establish contemporary education s...
Guidelines for E-beam Induced Current Studies of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells

The poor stability of halide perovskites creates a barrier for common e-beam based microscopies. Thus, carefully optimized e-beam characterization conditions are needed before any meaningful measurement can be taken. In this study, we present a range of e-beam operating conditions for characterizing perovskite materials with minimal electronic damage by monitoring plan-view electron beam induced current (EBIC) of functional solar cell devices. We see a minimum of beam induced damage in plan-view operation the range of 7.5 to 9.5 kV at low currents (<100 pA). Selecting the proper operating regimes, perovskite solar cells provide sufficient beam stability for EBIC and possibly other prolonged e-beam techniques operating in plan-view configuration.
Global Dynamics of Delayed Sigmoid Beverton-Holt Equation

In this paper, certain dynamic scenarios for general competitive maps in the plane are presented and applied to some cases of second-order difference equation , where is decreasing in the variable and increasing in the variable . As a case study, we use the difference equation , where the initial conditions and the parameters satisfy . In this special case, we characterize completely the global dynamics of this equation by finding the basins of attraction of its equilibria and periodic solutions. We describe the global dynamics as a sequence of global transcritical or period-doubling bifurcations.
Forgotten Hispano-American Literature: Representation of Hispano-American Presses in Academic Libraries

As inclusion becomes a growing standard for universities in the United States, data extracted from OCLC suggest that university libraries in the United States build their Spanish-language collections with books purchased primarily in Spain and Mexico. This overlooks presses from 19 other Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. This research is concerned with the representation of books published in these Hispano-American countries and examines the holdings of 88 university libraries. The article discusses the drawbacks in neglecting purchase of literature published in Hispano-American countries and the benefits of changing collection practices into a more inclusive design, including recommendations for best practices.
The Structure of Executive Dysfunction in Depression and Anxiety.

Abstract Background: Although research has demonstrated that depression and anxiety are associated with problematic executive function (EF), results are often inconsistent and underspecified. Delineating specific EF impairments in depression and anxiety has the potential to provide a mechanistic account of symptom presentation and course in these highly co-occurring disorders. The present study evaluated associations between components of EF and symptom dimensions of depression (depressed mood) and anxiety (anxious apprehension, anxious arousal) using factor analyses and structural equation modeling. Methods: Undergraduates (N = 1,123) completed self-report measures of EF in everyday life and of psychopathology. Based on a three-factor model (Miyake et al., 2000), item-level exploratory (n = 561) and confirmatory (n = 562) factor analyses were conducted on inhibition, shifting, and working memory scales chosen from the EF measure. Structural equation modeling tested the relationship of EF factors to dimensions of psychopathology using the total sample. Results: A three-factor model of EF best fit the data and was replicated via confirmatory factor analysis. Depressed mood and anxious arousal evidenced broad deficits across all EF domains, whereas anxious apprehension evidenced shifting disruptions. Limitations: Perceived EF may not index the same constructs as performance-based EF tests. Further, the present study was restricted to college students, warranting replication in other samples. Conclusions: Findings suggest that depressed mood and anxious arousal are characterized by a general disruption in the ability to maintain task goals, whereas anxious apprehension is characterized by cognitive inflexibility. EF impairments are likely contributory factors in the maintenance of affective disorders.