cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sterochemical analysis of hydroxylated docosahexaenoates produced by human platelets and rat brain homogenate

The stereochemical configuration of hydroxylated products of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6w3) formed by human platelets and rat brain homogenate were characterized for the first time. Chiral phase HPLC was employed along with autooxidized 22:6w3 as reference material. The 14- and 11-hydroxy 22:6w3 (HDHE) products produced by human platelets were in the S configuration. Rat brain homogenate produced all of the ten possible positional isomers when incubated with 22:6w3. Their retention behavior on the reversed and chiral phase HPLC columns and GC/MS/EI analysis indicated that they were 20-, 17-, 16-, 14-, 13-, 11-, 10-, 8-, 7- and 4-HDHE. However, stereochemical analysis revealed that each positional isomer was a racemic mixture, suggesting that these were not formed by lipoxygenation but mainly by peroxidation process.
A photoionization study of the van der Waals molecule C2H4 · HCl

The dissociation energy of the C2H4 · HCl van der Waals complex was determined to be 3.18±0.73 kcal mol−1 by a dissociative photoionization technique. C2H4 · HCl was produced by free expansion of a 1:4 mixture of C2H4 in HCl and the clusters were ionized with tunable synchrotron radiation. The photoionization efficiency function of (C2H4 · HCl)+ from C2H4 · HCl was determined between 600 and 1,300 A and the onset for (C2H4 · HCl)+ was established as 1,163±2 A = 10.66±0.02 eV; these values give ΔHf0(C2H4 · HCl) = −10.7±0.7 kcal mol−1 and ΔHf0(C2H4·HCl+)=235.1±0.9 kcal mol−1. A complex ion dissociation energyD0(C2H4 · HCl+) = −0.3±0.9 kcal mol−1 was calculated from the results. The major features on the PIE curve for C2H4 · HCl+ can be analyzed in terms of the known energetic features of C2H4+ and HCl. An extended energy diagram for the C2H4 + HCl system is presented.
The Hypoxic Retinopathy Syndrome

We examined electrophysiologically six children who had had cardiac or respiratory arrests with resultant neurologic and visual damage. Their electroretinograms were initially subnormal, but with time and return of visual acuity the electroretinograms became normal. The subnormal electroretinograms may have reflected transient hypoxic retinal damage.
High-resolution fully 3-D mapping of human surfaces by laser array camera and data representations

A 3-D surface is mensurated by active triangulation: an electro-optically controlled laser camera projects an array of beams onto the surface and an optical camera detects the reflected images from a different perspective. By controlling the projection of the rays in a binary pattern mode it is possible to correlate automatically the surface positions illuminated by the active camera and observed by the passive camera and thus achieve the rapid triangulation of multiple surface points in three dimensions. The present implementation technique is discussed in comparison with other data acquisition methods. After an entire body surface i mensurated by multiple perspectives around the body a volumetric representation is generated. Some examples are displayed using computer graphics.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Outcomes evaluation: Striving for excellence in ambulatory care pharmacy practice

Purpose Key issues in measuring and improving the quality of healthcare are discussed with an emphasis on applying quality-improvement principles in ambulatory care pharmacy practice. Summary The various perspectives on healthcare quality (including those of patients, providers, and payers) are reviewed, and the basic principles of quality measurement and improvement are outlined. Many healthcare practitioners believe that the most effective way to improve healthcare is through balanced consideration of the structure, process, and outcomes of healthcare services. Overall progress in improving the quality of healthcare has been slow, in part because of lack of patient engagement, use of improvement methods that have not been fully tested, and inadequate attention to the systems of providing care. Ongoing efforts of national quality-improvement organizations are reviewed, including those of the government, accreditation bodies, payers, and professional associations. Of special interest in pharmacy is the work of the Pharmacy Quality Alliance, the Patient Safety and Clinical Pharmacy Services Collaborative, and the Center for Pharmacy Practice Accreditation. Ambulatory care pharmacists have important opportunities to improve healthcare quality, including by reducing adverse drug events, improving medication reconciliation and transitions of care, fostering medication adherence, improving patient medication self-management, providing immunization services, and reducing disparities in access to medications. Conclusion To be fully effective, the national priority of improving the quality of healthcare must penetrate the work of individual healthcare practitioners, including ambulatory care pharmacists.
Hotel development and structures in China

Abstract The hotel industry in China has witnessed a dramatic change in the last decade. Increased demand for hotel rooms by Western tourists in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and incentives from the Chinese government for building new hotels combined to push China's hotel market into a glut. Identified and discussed in this paper are the roles of various Chinese government agencies and foreign investors in changing the Chinese hospitality landscape. Planned and coordinated development should be initiated to chart China's hotel industry. The establishment of both a central reservation system and a systematic training program is essential to the success of China's hospitality industry.
Effect of Water on the Electron Transfer Dynamics of 9-Anthracenecarboxylic Acid Bound to TiO2 Nanoparticles: Demonstration of the Marcus Inverted Region

The electron transfer dynamics for 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid bound to nanometer-sized TiO2 particles has been examined by transient absorption and time-resolved anisotropy measurements. The results from these experiments show that the forward electron transfer reaction occurs within the laser pulse, i.e., with a time constant of ≤350 fs. In absolute ethanol solutions the reverse electron transfer reaction occurs on a 33 ± 2 ps time scale. Addition of small amounts of water to the TiO2/ethanol solutions produces a red shift in the absorbance spectrum of the TiO2 particles and increases the overall rate of back electron transfer. This effect is attributed to the existence of oxygen vacancy defect sites at the surface of the TiO2 particles. These defects produce Ti(III) centers which have an excess electron in a nonbonding t2g orbital. When water is added to the sample, the Ti(III) surface atoms are converted to Ti(IV)−OH2 groups. This removes the excess electrons and allows the low-energy t2g orbitals to ...
Gluino induced quark mass matrices.

We present a supersymmetric extension of the standard model where all quark masses and mixing angles except mt are derived as radiative effects induced by the gluino mass. We demonstrate in detail that our model fits well with present data on Vcb and Vub, etc.
Optimum Heat Power Cycles for Specified Boundary Conditions

In this paper optimization of the power output of Carnot and closed Brayton cycles is considered for both finite and infinite thermal capacitance rates of the external fluid streams. The method of Lagrange multipliers is used to solve for working fluid temperatures that yield maximum power. Analytical expressions for the maximum power and the cycle efficiency at maximum power are obtained. A comparison of the maximum power from the two cycles for the same boundary conditions, i.e., the same heat source/sink inlet temperatures, thermal capacitance rates, and heat exchanger conductances, shows that the Brayton cycle can produce more power than the Carnot cycle. This comparison illustrates that cycles exist that can produce more power than the Carnot cycle. The optimum heat power cycle, which will provide the upper limit of power obtained from any thermodynamic cycle for specified boundary conditions and heat exchanger conductances is considered. The optimum heat power cycle is identified by optimizing the sum of the power output from a sequence of Carnot cycles. The shape of the optimum heat power cycle, the power output, and corresponding efficiency are presented. The efficiency at maximum power of all cycles investigated in this study is found to be equalmore » to (or well approximated by) {eta} = 1 {minus} sq. root T{sub L.in}/{phi}T{sub H.in} where {phi} is a factor relating the entropy changes during heat rejection and heat addition.« less
Phase Diagram and Dissolution-Rate Studies on Sulfathiazole-Urea Solid Dispersions

The phase diagram of the sulfathiazole-urea binary system was determined from the physical mixtures of sulfathiazole Form I-urea and sulfathiazole Form II-urea through differential thermal analysis (DTA) and conventional capillary tube methods. The eutectic temperature and the final melting points were found to be different for the two polymorphic systems. The mutual solid solubilities in solid dispersion forms were confirmed by DTA and X-ray diffraction methods. The characteristics of DTA thermogram, X-ray diffraction spectrum, and in vitro dissolution rates of the eutectic mixture containing 52% (w/w) of sulfathiazole were found to change with aging. This may have a significant effect on the clinical application of sulfathiazole. The dissolution rates of sulfathiazole in solid solutions of urea were found to be extremely fast, over 700 times higher than the pure compound.
Stereochemical effects of 11-OH-Δ8-THC-dimethylheptyl in mice and dogs

Abstract The effects of the enantiomers of 11-hydroxy- Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol-dimethylheptyl (11-OH- Δ 8 -THC-DMH) on spontaneous activity, rectal temperature, tail-flick latency, and catalepsy were studied in mice and in the dog static-ataxia model to determine the relative potency of each enantiomer. The (−)-enantiomer was active in all tests between 3–100 μg/kg, while the (+)-enantiomer was inactive at 30 mg/kg in the mouse and 1 mg/kg in the dog. The (−)-enantiomer was 100–800 times more potent than Δ 9 -THC in the mouse. The high degree of enantioselectivity and potency are suggestive of an interaction at a specific site such as a receptor.
Electrodermal hyporeactivity and antisocial behavior: does anxiety mediate the relationship?

Electrodermal hyporeactivity in the anticipation of aversive stimuli is a highly reliable correlate of diagnosed psychopathy and undersocialized aggressive conduct disorder (UACD), and it has been interpreted as reflecting a weak behavioral inhibition system (BIS) as conceptualized in Gray's work (e.g., in: Royce, J.R. (Ed.), Multivariate Analysis and Psychological Theory. Academic Press, New York, NY, p. 409, 1973). This interpretation predicts that electrodermal hyporeactivity should be associated with a single dimension of temperament involving both low anxiety and behavioral disinhibition. However, temperament scales identify separate dimensions of trait anxiety/neuroticism and inhibitory control, and most investigators have assumed that the BIS is associated with the trait anxiety/neuroticism dimension. The present review supports the view that electrodermal hyporeactivity is associated with both low anxiety and disinhibition, as expected, and, possibly, with poor control of emotional expression. Additionally, electrodermal hyporeactivity appears to relate to an impulsivity dimension among psychopaths rather than to the core personality features of psychopathy. Recent findings raise the possibility that psychopaths suffer from a broader deficit (sometimes described as an executive function deficit) than a weak BIS and that electrodermal hyporeactivity might relate to this broader deficit. It is proposed that problems with impulsivity are more strongly documented than the broader concept of executive function deficits and that a primary disinhibition can produce secondary executive function deficits. A disinhibitory deficit is consistent with the weak BIS hypothesis. Overall, the results appear to be consistent with the electrodermal hyporeactivity-weak BIS hypothesis, but many issues remain to be resolved.
Growth and translation of a liquid-vapour compound drop in a second liquid. Part 2. Heat transfer

The present work is a comprehensive theoretical study of the heat transfer associated with a 3-singlet compound drop that is growing because of change of phase. The geometry is the same as in Part 1, i.e. a vapour bubble partially surrounded by its own liquid in another immiscible liquid. The attempt here is to gain fundamental understanding of the transport processes that take place in connection with direct-contact heat exchange. The fluid dynamics associated with its growth and translation is treated in Part 1. Here, that flow field solution is used to obtain the temperature field and hence the evaporation rate. The energy equation for the system consisting of a single compound drop is solved numerically by finite-difference methods. The results give the complete time history of evaporation of the drop. In addition, useful quantities such as the Nusselt number are given and compared with existing experimental data. Most of the results have good agreement with experimental data.
Studies of Organically Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas Using Heteronuclear Solid-State Correlation NMR Spectroscopy under Fast Magic Angle Spinning

Highly resolved solid-state HETCOR NMR spectra between protons and low gamma nuclei (13C and 29Si) can be suitably obtained on surfaces using a “brute force” 1H−1H decoupling by MAS at rates ≥40 kHz. Despite a small rotor volume (<10 μL), a 1H−13C HETCOR spectrum of allyl groups (AL, −CH2−CHCH2) covalently anchored to the surface of MCM-41 silica was acquired without using isotope enrichment. The advantages of using fast MAS in such studies include easy setup, robustness, and the opportunity of using low RF power for decoupling. In the case of the 1H−29Si HETCOR experiment, the sensitivity can be dramatically increased, in some samples by more than 1 order of magnitude, through implementing into the pulse sequence a Carr−Purcell−Meiboom−Gill train of π pulses at the 29Si spin frequency. The use of low-power heteronuclear decoupling is essential in the 1H−29Si CPMG-HETCOR experiment, due to unusually long acquisition periods. These methods provided detailed structural characterization of the surface of AL-...
Calibration of alkyl-substituted fluorocyclopropanes on gas chromatographic columns by radioactive tracer techniques

A new method utilizing a radio-gas chromatographic system, for the calibration of various gas chromatographic columns with less than 10−12M of tritium-labelled samples is described. The minimum detectable level of3H,38Cl,18F,80mBr,82Br,35S and14C labelled compounds employed for column calibration is discussed. In addition, the relative retention times of nine previously unpublished alkyl-substituted fluorocyclopropanes on five gas chromatographic columns are given.
Cardiotoxic Overdose Treated with Intravenous Fat Emulsion and High-Dose Insulin in the Setting of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

High-dose insulin (HDI) and intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) are used in overdoses, although rarely combined. To our knowledge, IFE therapy has not been reported in overdoses of diltiazem, metoprolol and amiodarone. We report a severe overdose of these drugs treated with HDI and IFE in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We also discuss the potential clinical implications of the inotropic effects of HDI in the setting of HCM and the use and efficacy of IFE in this overdose.
Demonstration of axonal projections of neurons in the rat hippocampus and subiculum by intracellular injection of HRP

Hippocampal formation neurons of rat were injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase in order to trace intrinsic and extrinsic axonal projections. CA3 pyramids (n = 9) projected axons rostrally toward the fimbria, one or more Schafer collaterals toward CA1, and in two cases fibers that crossed the hippocampal commissure. Pyramids of CA1 (n = 5) projected axons to the alveus where they proceeded caudally toward the subiculum. A subset (n = 3) also projected an axonal branch rostrally toward the fimbria. These findings confirm not only major target regions of Ammon's horn pyramids, but also emphasize their divergent axonal projections that are not necessarily lamellar in organization. Axons from subicular pyramids (n = 12) projected rostrally, caudally, or in both directions. They could be traced to several other cortical regions, specifically Ammon's horn, entorhinal cortex and cingulate cortex. The results further confirm that subicular neurons are the recipient of input from the hippocampus proper and are a principal source of efferents from the hippocampal formation. A multi-process neuron in CA1 with physiologic properties associated with inhibitory interneurons was filled and traced in detail. It most resembled the poligonal basket cells that Lorente de No described, having long radially oriented dendrites extending as far as stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The presence of putative inhibitory interneuron dendrites in stratum lacunosum-moleculare suggests some role other than traditional recurrent inhibition for these dendritic segments, and two possible circuits are described.
Refined structure of cytochrome b562 from Escherichia coli at 1.4 A resolution.

Abstract The structure of cytochromeb562fromEscherichia colihas been refined at 1.4 A resolution against X-ray data collected on a Picker four-circle diffractometer. The triclinic unit cell parameters area=33.68 A,b=50.48 A,c=32.67 A, α=102.51°, β=86.56° and γ=107.01° and there are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. A total of 138 cycles of restrained crystallographic refinement using the program PROLSQ were augmented at intermediate stages by two cycles of simulated annealing refinement using X-PLOR. The final crystallographicR-factor is 16.4% for data in the resolution range 6.0 A to 1.4 for a model containing 1650 protein atoms, 86 heme atoms, 165 water molecules and four sulfate anions. The root-mean-square deviations from ideal bond lengths and angles are 0.012 A and 2.0°, respectively. Each molecule consists of a bundle of four α-helices arranged in a simple up-dooown-up-down manner with a non-covalently bound heme group inserted between the first and fourth helices. In addition, there is a very short 310helix in the 15-residue loop connecting the first and second pairs of helices. The two independent molecules show r.m.s. differences of 0.30 A for main-chain atoms and 0.88 A for all atoms. A detailed comparison with the structurally similar cytochromec° fromRhodospppirulum molishianumis presented. In addition, the titration behavior of cytochromeb562in solution is discussed in terms of its molecular structure.
Explicit methods for mildly stiff oscillatory systems

We discuss error control for explicit methods when the stepsize is bounded by stability on the imaginary axis. Our main result is a formulation of a condition on the estimator of the local error which prevents the fast components to exceed the prescribed error tolerance. A PECE Adams method of 4th order accuracy is proposed for mildly stiff oscillatory systems. For comparison we also discuss embedded Runga-Kutta methods.
Conflicting Constructions of Memory: Attacks on Statues of Joseph II in the Bohemian Lands after the Great War

In the wake of independence in October 1918, the leaders of Czechoslovakia designated a multitude of national symbols for the nascent state, among them a flag, an anthem, an emblem, coinage, holidays, and stamps. Czech (and Slovak) art, drama, literature, and music commemorated new heroes and resurrected national historic figures ignored under Austria-Hungary. In this break with the past, national memory helped legitimate the new Czechoslovakia through celebration of the anti-Habsburg leaders in the struggle for independence and through denigration of former Habsburg rulers. Some nationalist Czechs, particularly the Czech legionnaires who had served in the Czechoslovak Army Abroad during World War I, were not content with the simple construction or reconstitution of Czech national symbols, but demanded in addition the destruction of numerous symbols of Habsburg rule. Thus, physical representations of the Habsburg past, many of which were to be found in the German-populated border regions of the Bohemian lands, became targets of their opprobrium.
How do target predictability and precueing affect the production of express saccades in monkeys

The extent to which target predictability and precueing affect express saccade generation was determined in Rhesus monkeys. Target predictability, as manipulated by the probability with which targets appeared at various locations, had a strong influence on express saccade generation. Pre-cueing the location of the appearance of an impending single target with an identical stimulus was effective in increasing express saccade generation when there was a gap of 50-150 ms between fixation spot termination and target onset. However, precueing was not effective when the gap time was set to 0 ms in the single target task, when several simultaneous targets appeared requiring a visual discrimination to be made using an oddity task, or when the precue was not identical to the target. These findings indicate that express saccades are facilitated by a restricted set of conditions that increase the predictability of target location and identity.
Meaningful pastoral intimacy

Closeness, warmth, perhaps touching, and some understanding are characteristic of interpersonal relationships. However, there are dangers of intrusion and insensitivity when persons invite pastors to become intimate. Superficial and false intimacy may substitute for closeness. Pastoral care should transcend the primitive “holy man” role, which is “cold” because the holy is desexualized. Intimacy is a closeness between persons in areas we tend to guard as personal.
Political cohesion in Pakistan: Jinnah and the ideological state

Abstract Even as the Pakistan resolution was passed, questions were being raised with regard to the genuine commitment of Muslim leaders to the idea of the new state. Today, those questions are phrased both with regard to the traditional minority province heartland of the Muslim League, and the relatively late converts to Pakistan of the majority provinces. This paper uses contemporary accounts and more recent works to explore these issues and the ideological legacy bequeathed to modern Pakistan. A review is provided of the conceptual thinking surrounding the Muslims League. The paper suggests that the ‘Two‐Nation Theory’ and its ultimate expression, the Pakistan Resolution, were more powerful forces shaping the political strategy of Jinnah and the Muslim League than some recent works have accepted. Indeed, in the year that marks the 50th anniversary of his death, the evidence for Jinnah's status as one of the most significant statesman of the 20th century is perhaps more compelling than ever before.
Approximate conversion of rational splines

Abstract The exchange of data between different geometric modeling systems frequently frequires approximate conversions of rational Be´zier and B-spline curves and surfaces to lower degree integral B-spline representations. Similarly, processing of trimmed, free-form patches, such as their automated manufacture, may lead to high degree representations. Accurate conversion of such geometries to lower degree integral representations is required in many modeling environments. The objective of this paper is to present an algorithm to approximate non-uniform rational B-spline curves with non-uniform integral B-spline curves of lower degree. Global error bounds for the verification of the accuracy of the approximation are established. This algorithm forms the basis of a similar rational B-spline surface approximation procedure.
The Effect of Teachers' Inferred Self Concept Upon Student Achievement.

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between teachers’ levels of Inferred Self Concept (ISC) and the cognitive growth of their students. One hundred twenty third grade students were matched for sex and IQ, and their cognitive growth was determined by pre and post testing with the Word Meaning, Paragraph Meaning, Spelling, Word Study Skills, and Language sub tests of the Stanford Achievement Test. The six teachers levels of ISC were determined by three raters who completed Parker’s Self Concept Checklist after observing each teacher for one hour. The levels of ISC were related positively to the students’ cognitive growth at the .01 level of significance for four of the five subtests and the total gain.
Inadequacy of Certain Salt Mixtures Used in Studies of Unidentified Growth Factors for Chicks

Abstract It is known that chicks require several unidentified growth factors, one or more of which may be inorganic. In order to secure unequivocal evidence for the existence of such unidentified growth factors, it is essential that the basal diet used provide all of the known essential nutrients at levels that are high enough to permit the best possible growth. In a number of published reports it appears that less emphasis has been given to the adequacy of known mineral elements than to that of vitamins and amino acids. In our own studies on unidentified factors, with New Hampshire chicks, we were unable to get growth responses from the addition of the ash of crude feedstuffs to a purified diet (sucrose-soybean protein). The diet contained a salt mixture (Briggs et al., 1952) which supplied the known essential minerals in amounts greater than the minimum levels recommended by the National Research Council…
Are Aims of Education Suffering from a Case of Rigor Mortis

(1969). Are Aims of Education Suffering from a Case of Rigor Mortis? Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 17-27.
The impossibility of complete mutual observation

Abstract It is pointed out that two quantum-mechanical physical systems cannot simultaneously observe each other completely.
Expanding the Pancreas Donor Pool

Currently underutilized and in somewhat short supply, the pancreas allograft is a relatively scarce resource. Despite factors such as increased demand, positive changes in organ donation rates, and the liberalization of ‘organ-acceptable’ criteria, there has been a decline in the number of deceased donor pancreas transplants performed in the US. Concomitantly, there has been an increase in similar transplants performed in other countries. While it is understandable that there are a multiplicity of factors to be considered in the evaluation of the potential pancreas allograft donor in an attempt to minimize graft loss and morbidity, it is a simple truth that as a result there are unused transplantable organs. This paper will deal with the multifaceted problem of pancreas underutilization and will discuss strategies that could lead to the expansion of the pancreas donor pool.
Stimulation of bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells by a factor from activated T cells

I present here direct evidence that a factor(s) produced by activated thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) enhances proliferation of pluripotent bone marrow stem cells.
Origin of Chondrules and Chondritic Meteorites

MORE than 90 per cent of all stony meteorites are classified as chondrites, because of the presence of chondrules—spheroidal aggregates of one or more silicates, commonly olivine and orthopyroxene. In form, texture and structure chondrules are not like any spheroidal bodies observed in terrestrial rocks, and their origin has been argued by investigators of meteorites for more than a century, without a generally accepted solution being reached. Roy1 has recently provided an admirable summary of the hypotheses of origin. Most of these hypotheses imply that chondrules were derived originally from the crystallization of a silicate melt. These hypotheses are often linked with the generally accepted belief that these meteorites are fragments of a disrupted body of asteroidal or planetary dimensions.
Effects of Rainfall on Range Forage and Populations of Grasshoppers, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona

The effects of fall and winter precipitation and of the response of range plants to weather on populations of grasshopper species that hatch in the spring were studied from 1953 through 1967 in areas of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation containing sparse to moderate amounts of shortgrasses. A rain gauge was situated in each such area, surveys of vegetation were made in the spring and summer, and populations of grasshoppers were recorded every 2 weeks throughout the 15 years. Rainfall from Oct. 1 to Mar. 31 had a direct effect on vegetation and an indirect effect on populations of grasshoppers. In three 2-year periods (1953-54, 1957-58, and 1962-63) when rainfall was good, the spring vegetation was abundant, and populations of grasshoppers increased. During the dry springs of 1955, 1959, and 1964, annual weedy vegetation was sparse and stunted, and although the initial populations of grasshoppers were large, they decreased drastically by summer. Populations of grasshoppers were low through the springs of 1956, 1960-61, and 1965-67, regardless of the conditions of the range.
Novel taxane formulations in the treatment of breast cancer: A thought leader discussion and consensus roundtable

Many chemotherapeutic and biologic agents used for advanced breast cancer exhibit activity alone or in combination, but the small number of randomized trials, coupled with the significant heterogeneity of patient and tumor characteristics, have precluded the development of standardized, evidence-based approaches to therapy for advanced disease. This expert faculty roundtable discussion focused on chemotherapy regimens used in pretreated patients. Given the increasing data on taxanes in this setting, a specific need was identified that led to the theme of standard and novel taxanes in this discussion. Numerous factors can predict response and long-term outcome: tumor characteristics like hormone and HER2 receptor status and grade and clinical characteristics like age, functional status, disease-free interval, previous adjuvant therapy, and sites or burden of metastatic disease. The choice of therapeutic agents or combinations, therefore, relies not only on randomized or phase II trial results but also on patient context in relation to these variables. After anthracycline and taxane therapy, agents such as capecitabine, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, and platinum agents and combinations thereof can be active. Taxanes themselves also possess activity, with a dependency on a specific agent and schedule. Albumin-bound paclitaxel has demonstrated superiority to certain taxane agents and schedules and has demonstrated activity after taxane exposure. This discussion highlights basic paradigms by which standard taxanes and albumin-bound paclitaxel can be evaluated as possible therapeutic or investigative options, along with nontaxane agents, emerging biologic agents, and combinations.
Developing Selection Criteria for Prostate-sparing Cystectomy: A Review of Cystoprostatectomy Specimens

OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors for prostate pathology, which may serve as guidelines for identifying patients who may be inappropriate for prostate-sparing cystectomy for treatment of transitional cell cancer of the bladder. METHODS After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed the clinical and pathologic data from consecutive men treated with radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) between January 2003 and September 2008. We reviewed the RCP pathology for prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma (PI-TCC) as well as presence of prostate cancer (PCa). Univariate analysis was used to test for association of clinical parameters with prostatic involvement in RCP specimens. RESULTS A total of 96 patients with a median age of 67 (interquartile range: 47, 79) underwent RCP between January 2003 and September 2008. PI-TCC was present in 24 patients (25%) of which 6 (25%) had carcinoma in situ (CIS) only and 18 (75%) had stromal invasion. We identified PCa in 40 patients (42%). CIS (odds ratio, 3.2, P = .018) and tumor situated at or below the trigone (odds ratio, 3.3, P = .046) at the pre-RCP transurethral bladder tumor resection were associated with PI-TCC. CONCLUSIONS PI-TCC and PCa are common findings at RCP. The location of the bladder tumor situated at or below the trigone and the presence of CIS at transurethral bladder tumor resection is associated with increased risk for PI-TCC and should be considered at least relative contraindications for prostate-sparing cystectomy. A thorough investigation for PCa should be conducted for all possible candidates.
Adaptive separation of unknown narrowband and broadband time series

Motivated by Thomson's (1982, 1994) multiple taper spectral estimation technique, we derive a new, robust procedure for automatically separating time series data into its constituent narrowband and broadband time series components. The new procedure avoids the pitfalls of adaptive notch filters, PCI method, or other similar algorithms, of mistaking and filtering local spectral peaks of the broadband component as narrowband components by decomposing the data vector into local subbands by a bank of matrix filters. Then in a piecewise fashion, the narrowband components are estimated and then filtered from each subband using the principal component inverse (PCI) method. Finally, the filtered components are coherently recombined to obtain the narrowband and broadband time series estimates. Computer simulation results show that the new procedure works well and can have a performance close to the clairvoyant Wiener filter.
Registration of in vivo prostate MRI and pseudo-whole mount histology using Local Affine Transformations guided by Internal Structures (LATIS).

Purpose To present a novel registration approach called LATIS (Local Affine Transformation guided by Internal Structures) for coregistering post prostatectomy pseudo-whole mount (PWM) pathological sections with in vivo MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer were imaged at 3T with an endorectal coil. Excised prostate specimens underwent quarter mount step-section pathologic processing, digitization, annotation, and assembly into a PWM. Manually annotated macro-structures on both pathology and MRI were used to assist registration using a relaxed local affine transformation approximation. Registration accuracy was assessed by calculation of the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between transformed and target capsule masks and least-square distance between transformed and target landmark positions. Results LATIS registration resulted in a DSC value of 0.991 ± 0.004 and registration accuracy of 1.54 ± 0.64 mm based on identified landmarks common to both datasets. Image registration performed without the use of internal structures led to an 87% increase in landmark-based registration error. Derived transformation matrices were used to map regions of pathologically defined disease to MRI. Conclusion LATIS was used to successfully coregister digital pathology with in vivo MRI to facilitate improved correlative studies between pathologically identified features of prostate cancer and multiparametric MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1104–1114. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethical issues in nursing home care: Practice guidelines for difficult situations

Dental professionals encounter a number of challenging ethical and legal dilemmas when caring for nursing home residents. Questions may arise in determining a patient's capacity to make decisions, securing consent for treatment, choosing the most appropriate from among several treatment options, and when and how to use restraints. When securing consent for treatment, practitioners must consider both the patient's legal competence and his/her decision-making capacity, and adopt roles appropriate to the patient's circumstances. If legal competence has been retained but decision-making seems impaired, practitioners must involve others in the process of determining appropriate care. The capacity to consent to treatment can be assessed by questions designed to evaluate the patient's ability to understand relevant information, appreciate the situation and consequences, manipulate information rationally, and communicate choices. When faced with a choice of several treatment options and patient preferences are unclear or unknown, the principle of substituted judgment should be used to attempt to provide care in keeping with the patient's values. To maximize patient safety and dignity, ten guidelines are presented for the use of restraints to provide dental care for individuals with behavior problems.
Preferences, Constraints, and Choices in Religious Markets: An Examination of Religious Switching and Apostasy

Les AA. presentent une nouvelle perspective, developpee en sociologie des religions, qui etudie les phenomenes d'affiliation a des communautes religieuses. Celle-ci met en avant la theorie du choix rationnel. Ce paradigme tend a considerer la religion comme un marche ou les individus choisissent parmi les organisations et les individus en competition. L'affiliation religieuse est ainsi envisagee comme une forme de consommation culturelle, guidee par des preferences. Dans ce cadre les facteurs socio-economiques, les variables comme la famille ou le type d'organisation apparaissent comme centrales dans une theorie de la mobilite religieuse. Les AA. etudient comment les choix religieux sont soumis a des jeux de contraintes
INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) IMPROVEMENTS USING BIOFILTRATION IN A HIGHLY EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL HOME

INTRODUCTION Americans spend the majority of their time indoors where levels of pollutants may run two to five times—and occasionally more than 100 times—higher than outdoor levels [1]. Many of these pollutants can cause adverse health reactions in building occupants, which can contribute to lower worker productivity and increased sick leave. Traditional methods of indoor pollutant control in sealed buildings involve the use of outdoor ventilation. Outdoor ventilation requires the intake of outdoor air, which must be heated or cooled to meet indoor temperature and humidity requirements. This represents between 10–20% of the total energy consumption of a building [2]. Even though past research has touched on incorporating actual biofiltration into building systems, there is little to no research on the incorporation of biofilters into energy-efficient residential dwellings. One of the first applications of biofiltration for energy-efficient homes was conceived close to 30 years ago [3]. Figure 1 shows an e...
The interrelation between intestinal parasites and latent TB infections among newly resettled refugees in Texas

Background Previous research has documented that parasite infection may increase vulnerability to TB among certain at risk populations. The purpose of this study was to identify whether an association exists between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and intestinal parasite infection among newly resettled refugees in Texas while controlling for additional effects of region of origin, age and sex. Methods Data for all refugees screened for both TB and intestinal parasites between January 2010 and mid-October 2013 were obtained from the Texas Refugee Health Screening Program and were analyzed using logistic regression. Results A total of 9860 refugees were included. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal parasite infections yielded statistically significant reduced odds of LTBI. However, when individual parasite species were analyzed, hookworm infection indicated statistically significant increased odds of LTBI (OR 1.674, CI: 1.126-2.488). Discussion A positive association exists between hookworm infection and LTBI in newly arrived refugees to Texas. More research is needed to assess the nature and extent of these associations.
Thermal spike model for heavy ion induced desorption

We have seen that the surface thermal spike model of HIID/PDMS can reproduce the linear dependence of ion yield versus LET found by Hakansson et al. [17] at high LET. We have also shown that postdesorption collisions can significantly effect the angular and kinetic energy distributions of the desorbing molecular ions. We might also speculate that the postdesorption collisions could be an important ionization mechanism and could lead to cooling of internal modes of the molecular ions, thus leading to enhanced molecular ions yields compared to those which would be obtained without postdesorption collisions.
Feigned psychosis in a 14-year-old girl.

The concept of feigned psychosis includes a spectrum ofclinical phenomena ranging from clear-cut malingering to malingering-like symptoms. The patient may be fully aware that the psychotic symptoms are an attempt to deceive or may be partly or wholly unconscious of the sources of the symptoms. Travin and Protter ( 1) suggest three overlapping demarkation points on this continuum. “Otherdeceivers” are patients who are consciously attempting to deceive others and who are in voluntary control of the malingered symptoms in the service of some demonstrable goal. This category most closely meets the description of malingering in DSM-III (2). “Mixed-deceivers” are patients who are aware of feigning some aspects of presented symptoms but who are not aware that other aspects are beyond their control. “Self-deceivers” are patients who do not realize that the presenting symptoms are real and not feigned. Hay (3) suggested that feigned psychosis is frequently an atypical prodromal phase of actual psychosis that occurs in deviant premorbid personalities. He reviewed six
Experiences with a real projects for real clients course on software engineering at a liberal arts institution

A Real Projects for Real Clients Course (RPRCC) is a course that provides students with the opportunity to develop a solution to a real problem. Students interact directly with a real client, and work on solving a problem for that client. RPRCCs are examples of service learning. Within the computing sciences, there has been a recent surge in the integration of RPRCCs into the curriculum. They are argued to offer an increased industrial awareness, and to help retain computing majors, especially among women. In this paper, we present our experiences with a senior-level computer science course on software engineering (SE) at a liberal arts institution. We have found that recruiting so-called "real clients" from within the liberal arts college setting is surprisingly easy; and that once you have established an initial set of clients is mostly self-sustaining. We demonstrate that an RPRCC enables students to develop their skills in teamwork and applied problem solving. The RPRCC offers the SE course a framework where students gain experience applying a variety of software architectures, design patterns, and other important SE concepts; and simultaneously develop teamwork skills.
HIV Therapies and Atherosclerosis Answers or Questions

The widespread use of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) in Western countries has substantially reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection. Concomitantly, however, adverse effects associated with long-term use of these agents are becoming recognized. A growing body of literature suggests that many adverse effects associated with the use of NRTIs such as lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis and lipodystrophy syndrome are due to mitochondrial toxicity.1–4⇓⇓⇓ In contrast, the adverse effects associated with the use of PIs, hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy,5 and perhaps, the resulting accelerated atherosclerosis,6,7⇓ have not been attributed to mitochondrial toxicity. In the October 2002 issue of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology , Zhong et al8 challenge this paradigm by demonstrating PI-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells and the resultant apoptosis-independent cytotoxicity and suggest that PI-induced endothelial cell toxicity contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis in HIV patients. See page 1560 Lipoprotein oxidation is a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis.9 Lipoproteins undergo oxidation by endothelial cells during transport from the plasma into the arterial wall.10 A clear association has been established between elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels and increased atherosclerotic disease.11 In addition, the extent of oxidation of LDL cholesterol impacts its atherogenic potency.12 Reduction of LDL cholesterol by diet, exercise,13 and/or pharmacologic agents reduces atherosclerotic risk.14 These data suggest that the accelerated atherosclerosis in HIV patients treated with PIs is due to the PI-induced hyperlipidemia. Lipodystrophy and hyperlipidemia can occur under conditions that affect mitochondrial integrity and function.15 Fatty acids are derived from hydrolysis of triglycerides and are removed from blood into mitochondria. In the mitochondrial matrix, fatty acids are degraded by oxidation at the β-carbon atom yielding ATP, in a …
The Human Resource Craze: Human Performance Improvement and Employee Engagement

Numerous terms mean different things to different people engaged in organization development. This article helps O.D. practitioners recognize the differences regarding two such “faddish” terms, human productivity improvement (HPI) and employee engagement, and encourages researchers to more completely define such terms. By implication, it encourages practitioners to define their terms within their scope of work so that results might be more readily measured, hence more meaningful.
The Art of the Writing Conference: Letting Students Set the Agenda Without Ceding Control

Student writing conferences are employed in a variety of contexts at the law school level. Though such conferences are typically most effective when students set the agenda, a professor need not cede control of the conference and become solely a passive listener. To the contrary, effective, efficient student conferencing is an art that requires forethought and active planning on the part of the professor. This article attempts to establish a "philosophy of conferencing." It explores theoretical basis for implementing student-driven writing conference as part of a legal writing curriculum, and then discusses ways in which law professors can adhere to these principles while also engaging in their own agenda-setting. Finally, it provides suggestions on how this concept can be executed in three law school settings: first-year legal research and writing courses; upper-level legal research and writing courses; and upper-level seminar courses in which a research paper is written.
Handbook of Research on Innovative Technology Integration in Higher Education

Our increasingly globalized world is driven by shared knowledge, and nowhere is that knowledge more important than in education. Now more than ever, there is a demand for technology that will assist in the spread of knowledge through customized, self-paced, and on-demand learning.The Handbook of Research on Innovative Technology Integration in Higher Education provides an international perspective on the need for information and communication technology in education and training. Highlighting the use of technology in both formal and informal learning, this book is an essential reference for academics, corporate leaders, government agencies, profit and non-profit organizations, policymakers, or anyone interested in the use of technology to educate and share information.