cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in smoke inhalation-associated acute lung injury: Data from 68 United States hospitals.

Background Mortality after smoke inhalation–associated acute lung injury (SI-ALI) remains substantial. Age and burn surface area are risk factors of mortality, whereas the impact of patient- and center-level variables and treatments on survival are unknown. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of burn and non-burn centers at 68 US academic medical centers between 2011 and 2014. Adult inpatients with SI-ALI were identified using an algorithm based on a billing code for respiratory conditions from smoke inhalation who were mechanically ventilated by hospital day 4, with either a length-of-stay ≥ 5 days or death within 4 days of hospitalization. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified using logistic regression. The primary outcome was the odds ratio for in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 769 patients (52.9 ± 18.1 years) with SI-ALI were analyzed. In-hospital mortality was 26% in the SI-ALI cohort and 50% in patients with ≥ 20% surface burns. In addition to age > 60 years (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.53-10.26) and ≥ 20% burns (OR 8.7, 95% CI 4.55-16.75), additional risk factors of in-hospital mortality included initial vasopressor use (OR 5.0, 95% CI 3.16-7.91), higher diagnostic-related group–based risk-of-mortality assignment and lower hospital bed capacity (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.23-4.15). Initial empiric antibiotics (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.58-1.49) did not impact survival. These new risk factors improved mortality prediction by 9.9% (P Conclusions In addition to older age and major surface burns, mortality in SI-ALI is predicted by initial vasopressor use, higher diagnostic-related group–based risk-of-mortality assignment, and care at centers with
SysML model of exoplanet archive functionality and activities

The NASA Exoplanet Archive is an online service that serves data and information on exoplanets and their host stars to help astronomical research related to search for and characterization of extra-solar planetary systems. In order to provide the most up to date data sets to the users, the exoplanet archive performs weekly updates that include additions into the database and updates to the services as needed. These weekly updates are complex due to interfaces within the archive. I will be presenting a SysML model that helps us perform these update activities in a weekly basis.
Anesthesia in the Hyperbaric Environment

Use of anesthesia in the HBO environment is unusual. This chapter gives a historical perspective and describes the physics of anesthetic gases under pressure as well as the relevant physiology. There are practical aspects of anesthesia in hyperbaric environment of the chamber and several clinical indications are mentioned that require especially diligent attention to technique. Potential complications of anesthesia in the hyperbaric chamber are mentioned. Prophylactic bilateral myringotomy is recommended to avoid middle ear equilibration problems in an unconscious patient. Intravenous anesthesia is preferred to gaseous inhalation.
A Qualitative Analysis of High School Level Vocational Education in the United States – Three Decades of Positive Change

Historically plagued by concerns about the quality of the curriculum, instruction, vocational education teachers, and responsiveness to the needs of the workplace, the United States vocational education system has long suffered from negative perceptions among students, parents, school personnel, policymakers, and business and industry representatives. However, in the years since the publication of The Unfinished Agenda (National Commission on Secondary Vocational Education. The unfinished agenda: the role of vocational education in the high school. National Center for Research in Vocational Education, Columbus, 1984), a highly critical report authored by The National Commission on Secondary Vocational Education, the U.S. vocational education system has undergone many changes and reforms. Many of these changes have focused on the vocational education curriculum and have been directed at ensuring a supply of skilled labour to address the skills gap that exits between the abilities of workers and the needs of the workplace. Other changes have increased linkages to post-high school training to meet the needs for a more educated workforce. Additional efforts have focused on increasing school-business/industry collaboration, improving teacher quality and marketing the value of vocational education. Challenges still remain, including funding for vocational education, providing career awareness and guidance for students as they progress through school, and educating an increasingly diverse high school student population.
Physical activity intensity and subjective well-being in healthy adults.

The effect of physical activity intensity on subjective well-being has not been well established. We examined this relationship among 419 healthy adults using objective and subjective physical activity measurements (sample size varied among well-being assessments). For accelerometers, light-intensity physical activity positively associated with psychological well-being (n = 150) and negatively associated with depression (n = 99); moderate intensity negatively associated with pain severity (n = 419) and positively associated with psychological well-being; sedentary behavior negatively associated with psychological well-being and positively associated with depression (ps < .05). These findings were generally consistent with subjective measurements of physical activity (Question 8, Paffenbarger Questionnaire). Higher levels of sedentary behavior are associated with lower subjective well-being.
DSM-5 and ICD-11 as competing models of PTSD in preadolescent children exposed to a natural disaster: assessing validity and co-occurring symptomatology

ABSTRACTBackground: Major revisions have been made to the DSM and ICD models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is not known whether these models fit children’s post-trauma responses, even though children are a vulnerable population following disasters.Objective: Using data from Hurricane Ike, we examined how well trauma-exposed children’s symptoms fit the DSM-IV, DSM-5 and ICD-11 models, and whether the models varied by gender. We also evaluated whether elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety characterized children meeting PTSD criteria based on DSM-5 and ICD-11.Method: Eight-months post-disaster, children (N = 327, 7–11 years) affected by Hurricane Ike completed measures of PTSD, anxiety and depression. Algorithms approximated a PTSD diagnosis based on DSM-5 and ICD-11 models.Results: Using confirmatory factor analysis, ICD-11 had the best-fitting model, followed by DSM-IV and DSM-5. The ICD-11 model also demonstrated strong measurement invariance across gender. Analyses revealed ...
Effects of temperature on performance of compressible magnetorheological fluid suspension systems

The temperature effect on performance of compressible magnetorheological fluid suspension systems is studied. Magnetorheological fluid is a temperature-dependent material where its compressibility ...
Book Review of War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts by Eve La Haye

This paper critically reviews the book, War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts, by Eve La Haye. The book is strongly recommended. The author notes that more work needs to be done to address the gaps created by the current definition of "internal armed conflict." The completeness of La Haye's theoretical inquiries into the seminal decisions in this area is also questioned.
Abstract 924: Dedifferentiation into polyploid blastomere-like cancer stem cells via formation of polyploid giant cancer cells

We have recently shown that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are capable of tumor initiation and acquisition of embryonic-like stemness and thus represent a novel type of cancer stem cells. However, two important questions remain to be answered from this surprising finding: (1) how PGCCs acquire such stemness; (2) on which stage of normal development PGCCs correspond to. Here, we tracked the fate of single PGCCs induced via mitotic failure by paclitaxel. Morphologically, early spheroids derived from PGCCs were indistinguishable from human embryos at the polyploid blastomere, compaction, morula, and blastocyst-like stages by scanning electron microscopy. PGCCs showed time- and space-dependent activation of expression of the embryonic stem cell markers OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and SSEA-1 and lacked expression of Xist. PGCCs also showed time-dependent activation of expression of the germ layer-specific markers alpha-fetoprotein, smooth muscle actin, and β3-tubulin and were capable of redifferentiation into three germ layers in vitro. PGCCs-derived daughter cells showed attenuated invasive ability and increased resistance to paclitaxel. PGCCs-derived spheroids grew into a wide spectrum of human neoplasms, including malignant dysgerminoma and embryonic carcinoma, poorly differentiated or well-differentiated carcinomas, and benign squamous tissue. We also observed PGCCs in ovarian cancer from patients treated with chemotherapy. Thus, our data demonstrated that PGCCs acquired novel cancer stem cell properties and capability to redifferentiate into different tumors including the germ cell tumors, which are at the topmost developmental hierarchy. Our studies, for the first time, link PGCCs to the polyploid blastomere-like cancer stem cells and thus offer a new paradigm for the origin of cancer. Citation Format: Na Niu, Jinsong Liu. Dedifferentiation into polyploid blastomere-like cancer stem cells via formation of polyploid giant cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 924. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-924
On Multiple Wireless Channels in Oil Wells Drill Strings

Wireless communication of information in oil wells is a key component of drilling operations. For cost-effective, fast, and low-risk drilling, information such as temperature, pressure, etc., should be transmitted from downhole to the driller on the surface. Data transmission through drill strings and via sound signals is a feasible approach. However, due to the superposition of many reflections from tool joints connecting pipes in the drill string, it behaves similarly to a multipath wireless channel with strong signal fades. Here, we study multichannel reception using several receivers to improve communication system performance. We propose a strain sensor and a tri-axial accelerometer as a four-channel receiver. Given the complexity of studying the strain channel and the three acceleration channels analytically, we conduct experiments to obtain these channel impulse responses. Our measurements show that these wireless channels are nearly uncorrelated, and therefore, can provide diversity gain. This is further confirmed by presenting low bit error rates that this system provides. Comparison with single channel receivers shows the usefulness of the proposed system for wireless communication via drill strings.
Automated EEG-Based Epileptic Seizure Detection Using Deep Neural Networks

Millions of people around the world suffer from epilepsy. It is very important to provide a method to efficiently monitor the seizures and alert the caregivers to help patients. It is proven that EEG signals are the best markers for diagnosis of the epileptic seizures. In this paper, we used the frequency domain features (normalized in-band power spectral density) to extract information from EEG signals. We applied a deep learning technique based on multilayer perceptrons to improve the accuracy of seizure detection. The results indicate that our nonlinear technique is able to efficiently and automatically detect seizure and non-seizure episodes with an F-measure accuracy of around 95%.
G427(P) Retrospective audit of nutritional status assessment and management of low bone mineral density in children and young people with cerebral palsy: are we adhering to nice guidelines?

Background Children and young people (CYP) with Cerebral Palsy (CP) are at risk of nutritional problems. Up to 90% experience difficulties in chewing or swallowing, and/or eating or drinking independently. It has been recognised that these children at risk of nutritional problems have an increased risk of bone demineralization and low-impact fractures. Feeding impairment also correlates with the severity of motor deficit (GMFCS level IV – V). Studies show that those within this category were 5.7 times more likely to have lower bone mineral density (LBMD) than GMFCS level I-III. The recent NICE guidelines have made recommendations that CYP with CP have regular reviews of their nutritional status and LBMD should be assessed and adequately managed. Aim To ascertain (as per the NICE guidelines) a. Whether CYP with CP (GMFCS level IV–V) seen in a tertiary neurodisability service are having regular reviews of their nutritional status. b. Whether LBMD is being assessed adequately. Method Retrospective case note analysis of CYP with CP (level IV-V) attending between March 2015- February 2017 Results 24 children with GMFCS IV-V, CP, were identified. The male to female ratio was 11:13 96% had their weight measured 92% had their height measured 75% had a nutritional review performed 70% were referred to dieticians/for alternative methods of feeding. 62.5% of individuals had their dietary intake of vitamin D/calcium assessed at clinic 17% had investigations performed Discussion Our findings showed that we are not achieving optimum results in mandatory areas such as measuring weight and height. Barriers identified were lack of equipment and training in mobilising a wheel chair bound child. Other areas for improvement include the need to perform regular nutritional reviews, with ongoing referrals if deemed necessary. A proforma/checklist for the service is currently being developed in order to aid clinic reviews, and a further audit will be performed in a year.
Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in acidic condiments

This study examined the effects of adaptation to acid and storage temperature on the survival of a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain, three strains of E. coli O157:H7, and three strains of Salmonella spp. in ketchup, mustard, and sweet pickle relish. Stationary-phase cells were adapted to acidic conditions in pH 5.0 Trypticase soy broth for 4 h at 37°C. Samples inoculated with individual strains (10 5 CFU/g for E. coli and 10 6 CFU/g for Salmonella spp.) were stored at 5 and 23°C. Numbers of surviving cells were determined by plating on Trypticase soy agar. Acid adaptation enhanced the survival of all three Salmonella strains (ATCC 6962, 13311, and 25957) and all three E. coli O157:H7 strains (ATCC 43889, 43894, and 43895), with the magnitude of the effect depending on the strain and storage temperature. Acid adaptation enhanced survival of the nonpathogenic E. coli strain at 5°C, but not at 23°C. Cells of all tested strains survived longer at 5°C than at 23°C. In general, the E. coli O157:H7 strains survived longer than the Salmonella and nonpathogenic E. coli strains. Nonadapted E. coli O157:H7 cells were recovered from ketchup stored for 1 to 7 days at 5°C, whereas only low numbers of nonadapted Salmonella strain ATCC 25957 were recovered after 1 day at 5°C and no nonadapted Salmonella strains survived 2 days at 5°C. All of the E. coli and Salmonella strains died within 1 h in mustard and sweet pickle relish stored at 5 and 23°C. This study showed that adaptation to acid and low temperature enhanced the survival of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella strains in ketchup but not in mustard or sweet pickle relish.
Defining and exposing privacy issues with social media

In the world of social media, privacy concerns have grown out of an explosion of usage. Millions take advantage of the convenience found in websites such as Twitter and Facebook. One concern about such sites is that there is limited understanding of the specific privacy issues associated with them. Recent changes to Google's privacy rules are one such example. Many factors lead to the ignorance of users and the commonplace exploitation of the information which they knowingly or unknowingly share. This paper looks at freshman university students in an attempt to understand what expectations they have of privacy on social networking sites. Using a two phased process, the study first analyzes how well students feel they understand privacy associated with their social networking posting and then identifies information from our students which may be of a personal nature that is publically available on social networking websites. Overall, it seems that students are generally concerned about privacy, and many feel they have taken steps needed to secure the information on social media sites. However, many students are not aware of how much personal information is freely available on social media sites.
Chemistry in Clusters: Solvation at the Single Molecule Level

One of the more familiar statements made about clusters is that they represent a phase of matter than is neither gas phase nor condensed phase, but somewhere in between. If so, then it is reasonable to expect that the physical and chemical behavior of clusters should take on properties that are intermediate between gas phase and condensed phase properties. The impetus to cluster research is driven largely by the potential to learn about the correspondence between these conventional phases of matter and the hope that some unforeseen molecular level properties of the condensed phase will be revealed in the cluster environment.
Novel use of percutaneous thrombosuction to rescue the early thrombosis of the conduit vein graft after living donor liver transplantation

Abstract A 54-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma received a living donor liver transplant. Thrombosis of the segmental hepatic vein occurred on postoperative day 7. We undertook percutaneous catheter thrombosuction under local anesthesia to extract the thrombus successfully without re-exploration. Thrombosuction has been used for thrombosis of the cardiovascular system, limbs, and brain. We first used it in hepatic venous thrombus after liver transplantation. This procedure is simple, less invasive, feasible, safe, repeatable, and effective.
Special session: Put me in coach! Developing a design playbook for instructors to help engineering students do design

Those instructors charged with teaching design-oriented and design project courses oftentimes depend on their own professional judgement and experiences to provide guidance and feedback to young undergraduate and computing students. However, most are not trained as teachers per se. This special session will provide opportunities for participants to share their experiences, reflect, and contribute to a “playbook” of teaching and design coaching “moves” to help students navigate the of ten times ambiguous learning experiences associated with design activities. The special session provides for a lot of participant engagement, interaction, and role playing. Results from this special session will be reflected back to our intellectual community in a future FIE paper.
Quantitative myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in heart transplant patients with suspected cardiac rejection.

Distinct histopathologic changes occur in acute cellular rejection (ACR), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and biopsy-negative rejection (BNR). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-based myocardial tissue characterization can be used to quantify these changes. We assessed T1, T2, and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by CMR in patients with subtypes of rejection. T1, T2, and ECV were quantified at the mid-ventricular level and compared between patients with and without rejection. The association between quantitative tissue characteristics and the combined outcome of death, retransplantation, heart failure hospitalization, or myocardial infarction was evaluated with a Cox-proportional hazards model. In 46 patients, mean age 53.3 ± 13.7 years, 71.7% male, at a median of 7.4 years from transplant, average myocardial T1 was increased in BNR compared with no rejection (1057 vs 1012 msec, P = .006). Average myocardial T2 was elevated in all types of rejection, P < .05. In a cox-proportional hazards model, higher T2 values were associated with an increase in the combined clinical outcome (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06-1.37, P = .004) after adjusting for left ventricular mass index. Myocardial tissue characteristics are abnormal in all subtypes of rejection, and abnormal T2 quantified by CMR provides additional prognostic value.
Tree-SNE: Hierarchical Clustering and Visualization Using t-SNE

t-SNE and hierarchical clustering are popular methods of exploratory data analysis, particularly in biology. Building on recent advances in speeding up t-SNE and obtaining finer-grained structure, we combine the two to create tree-SNE, a hierarchical clustering and visualization algorithm based on stacked one-dimensional t-SNE embeddings. We also introduce alpha-clustering, which recommends the optimal cluster assignment, without foreknowledge of the number of clusters, based off of the cluster stability across multiple scales. We demonstrate the effectiveness of tree-SNE and alpha-clustering on images of handwritten digits, mass cytometry (CyTOF) data from blood cells, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from retinal cells. Furthermore, to demonstrate the validity of the visualization, we use alpha-clustering to obtain unsupervised clustering results competitive with the state of the art on several image data sets. Software is available at this https URL.
Understanding the Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg Alloy

We examine the microstructural characteristics of LPBF AlSi10Mg produced by using a wide range of LPBF processing parameters with independently varied laser power, hatch spacing, scan speed, slice thickness, and the normalized energy density. The lower energy density produced lack of fusion flaws from residual interparticle spacing, while the higher energy density produced spherical pores from trapped gas. The highest density (> 99%) samples were produced by using an energy density of 32 to 54 J/mm3. Within this energy density range, use of smaller slice thicknesses increased the processing window that would produce dense AlSi10Mg samples. A cellular structure, consisting of Al–Si eutectic and α-Al (fcc) matrix, within melt pools was quantified in size to determine the cooling rate of 105 to 107 K/s. This sub-grain cellular structure was found to decrease in size with increasing scan speed and increasing slice thickness.
Morphological awareness in L2 Spanish: What is learned incidentally and what requires explicit teaching?

El desarrollo de la conciencia morfologica presenta un impacto positivo en el aprendizaje de vocabulario, las habilidades de inferencia lexica o la comprension lectora. Sin embargo, en este momento apenas se incluyen materiales relacionados con esta materia en los manuales de Espanol Lengua extranjera, debido a la creencia de que el conocimiento morfologico se desarrolla sin necesidad de instruccion explicita. Esta idea ha sido desechada en la bibliografia repetidas veces y este estudio pretende aportar mas a esta discusion al determinar que aspectos especificos de la conciencia morfologica obtienen mayores beneficios de un tratamiento pedagogico explicito. Se disenaron cuatro tareas, enfocadas cada una bien en el conocimiento relacional o el combinatorio, tanto a nivel receptivo como productivo. Varios grupos de estudiantes inscritos en cursos de espanol de tres niveles sucesivos completaron las tareas. Tambien lo hizo un grupo de aprendices que participo en un entrenamiento morfologico que duro cuatro sesiones. Los resultados demuestran que dicho entrenamiento fue beneficioso para la complecion correcta de todas las tareas pero mas aun en el caso de la tarea enfocada en conocimientos combinatorios productivos. Al final del articulo se discuten las implicaciones pedagogicas de estos resultados.
Incorporating Pharmacological Target-Mediated Drug Disposition (TMDD) in a Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Linagliptin in Rat and Scale-up to Human

Linagliptin demonstrates substantial nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to its saturable binding to its pharmacological target dipeptidyl peptide 4 (DPP-4), a phenomenon known as target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD). In the current study, we established a novel whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)-TMDD model for linagliptin. This comprehensive model contains plasma and 14 tissue compartments, among which TMDD binding process was incorporated in 9 of them, namely the plasma, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, skin, salivary gland, thymus, and reproductive organs. Our final model adequately captured the concentration-time profiles of linagliptin in both plasma and various tissues in both wildtype rats and DPP4-deficient rats following different doses. The association rate constant (kon) in plasma and tissues were estimated to be 0.943 and 0.00680 nM−1 h−1, respectively, and dissociation rate constant (koff), in plasma and tissues were estimated to be 0.0698 and 0.00880 h−1, respectively. The binding affinity of linagliptin to DPP-4 (Kd) was predicted to be higher in plasma (0.0740 nM) than that in tissue (1.29 nM). When scaled up to a human, this model captured the substantial and complex nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior of linagliptin in human adults that is characterized by less-than dose-proportional increase in plasma exposure, dose-dependent clearance and volume of distribution, as well as long terminal half-life with minimal accumulation after repeated doses. Our modeling work is not only novel but also of high significance as the whole-body PBPK-TMDD model platform developed using linagliptin as the model compound could be applied to other small-molecule compounds exhibiting TMDD to facilitate their optimal dose selection.
Where Do We Go From Here? Assessing Medical Students' Surgery Clerkship Preparedness During COVID-19.

Introduction The impact of COVID-19 on surgical education has been profound, and clinical learning experiences transitioned to virtual formats. This study investigated the impact of virtual experiences created to facilitate learning during the pandemic for medical students. Methods We performed a cohort study to determine the perceived clinical preparedness for medical students enrolled in the preclinical surgery pilot course, surgical Extended Mastery Learning Rotation (EMLR), and longitudinal surgical clerkship (LC). The preclinical surgery pilot course took place before COVID-19 disruptions, and the EMLR and LC experiences took place virtually. Specialty choice was examined in the EMLR and LC cohorts. Performance on the NBME surgical assessments was analyzed among students enrolled in the traditional clerkship and pandemic-disrupted courses and compared to national data using a two-sample t-test. Results Compared to preclinical students, EMLR and LC students demonstrated improvements in their perceived surgical clerkship readiness. After the 3-week EMLR course, in the setting of completing only one-third of the clerkship year, students had an average NBME Surgical Self-Assessment Exam score of 72 (SD 12), comparable to the national average of 71 (SD 9) p = 0.33. The average shelf exam score for students (N = 24) enrolled in the traditional clerkship (block 1), prior to COVID-19, disruptions was 66 (SD 9) compared to an average score of 69 (SD 9) for the longitudinal clerkship students (N = 20) that took the shelf exam later in the year (p = 0.36). COVID-19 disruptions did not affect specialty choice. All LC students have decided on a specialty; 50% nonsurgical and 50% surgical. From the EMLR cohort, 36% and 38% plan to pursue surgical and nonsurgical specialties, respectively, with 26% still undecided. Conclusions Courses were well-liked and will be implemented in future clerkships. Surgical educators demonstrated flexibility and creativity in the development of the EMLR. Despite COVID-19 disruptions, medical students made progress in their clinical skills and foundational science knowledge. COVID-19 disruptions did not appear to impact specialty choice.
Bleeding of the Anterior Ethmoid Artery

A 62-year-old woman with a history of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and a prior surgical history of bilateral complete functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), presented with persistent CRS-related symptoms. After failing appropriate medical management the patient elected revision FESS. The patient was taken to the operating room for an elective revision bilateral FESS with septoplasty. The surgeon began by performing a routine septoplasty followed by an uneventful complete FESS on the left side. On the contralateral side, the surgeon encountered a moderate amount of venous oozing due to the significant polyp burden and osteitis, which substantially reduced visualization. The surgeon utilized the microdebrider during his posterior to anterior dissection along the skull base to remove polyps, as well as residual ethmoid lamella. While working along the anterior ethmoid skull base immediately posterior to the frontal sinus, the surgeon noticed a sudden increase in pulsatile bleeding. This required packing the nose and sinus cavities with pledgets soaked in 1:1000 epinephrine in an attempt to control the bleeding. The surgeon, acknowledging the proximity to the orbit and the anterior ethmoid artery (AEA), correctly evaluated the right eye, which demonstrated a rapidly progressing proptosis and tense globe compared to the left eye. The AEA had been inadvertently transected and retracted into the right orbit resulting in ongoing intraorbital hemorrhage. Given signs of orbital compartment syndrome, the surgeon proceeded with a canthotomy and cantholysis, which reversed the proptosis and eye firmness, after which the case was terminated. The patient was awakened and was found to have suffered no vision complications.
Disease- and Therapy-Specific Impact on Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Hematologic Malignancies.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine response data for patients with hematologic malignancy, who carry high risk for severe COVID-19 illness, are incomplete. In a study of 551 hematologic malignancy patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers and neutralizing activity were measured at 1 and 3 months from initial vaccination. Compared with healthy controls, patients with hematologic malignancy had attenuated antibody titers at 1 and 3 months. Furthermore, patients with hematologic malignancy had markedly diminished neutralizing capacity of 26.3% at 1 month and 43.6% at 3 months, despite positive seroconversion rates of 51.5% and 68.9% at the respective time points. Healthy controls had 93.2% and 100% neutralizing capacity at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma on observation had uniformly blunted responses. Treatment with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, venetoclax, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, anti-CD19/CD20-directed therapies, and anti-CD38/B-cell maturation antigen-directed therapies substantially hindered responses, but single-agent immunomodulatory agents did not. Significance Patients with hematologic malignancy have compromised COVID-19 vaccine responses at baseline that are further suppressed by active therapy, with many patients having insufficient neutralizing capacity despite positive antibody titers. Refining vaccine response parameters is critical to guiding clinical care, including the indication for booster vaccines, for this vulnerable population.See related article by Tamari et al., p. 577. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 549.
Reducing Risk Habituation to Struck-By Hazards in a Road Construction Environment Using Virtual Reality Behavioral Intervention

AbstractRepeated exposure to hazards in road construction work zones often generates worker habituation to risks associated with those hazards, a key causal factor in workplace accidents. Understan...
Coaching from a Distance: Exploring Video-based Online Coaching

This study explored an innovative coaching model termed video-based online video coaching . The innovation builds from affordances of robot-enabled videorecording of lessons, accompanied by built-in uploading and annotation features. While in-person coaching has proven effective for providing sustained support for teachers to take up challenging instructional practices, there are constraints. Both logistical and human capacity constraints make in-person coaching difficult to implement, particularly in rural contexts. As part of an NSF-funded project, we studied nine mathematics coaches over four years as they engaged in video-based coaching with teachers from geographically distant, rural contexts. We adapted a content-focused coaching model that involved a collaborative plan-teach-reflection cycle with synchronous and asynchronous components. The planning and debriefing sessions were done synchronously via Zoom, while the teaching and initial video reflection on teaching via annotations were done asynchronously. We focused on the coaches’ practices in each part of the coaching cycle by analyzing interviews, surveys, annotations of the video, and transcripts of the planning and debriefing sessions. We found that: features of the online environment enabled the coach-teacher pairs to collaboratively discuss the mathematics and how students engaged with the mathematics; the coach used video and annotations to help teachers reflect on specific aspects of their practice; and the coach-teacher pairs formed trusting and productive relationships despite not having met in-person during the duration of their work together. Our findings showed that the online platform is not only an effective implementation for coaching, but also affords new opportunities for teacher reflection and evidence-based discussions.
Abstract TP442: Baseline Cognitive Impairment and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Intracranial Stenosis in the SAMMPRIS Trial

Background and Purpose: Cognitive impairment is an important outcome in stroke prevention trials. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score is a cognitive measure used in the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) trial due to its sensitivity in detecting cognitive impairment in stroke patients. We sought to determine the prevalence of low baseline MoCA scores and the baseline risk factors associated with lower MoCA scores in SAMMPRIS patients. Methods: The main entrance criteria in SAMMPRIS were a TIA or non-disabling stroke within 30 days prior to enrollment attributed to 70-99% intracranial atherosclerosis. Patients with stroke as the qualifying event who had an NIH Stroke Score indicating aphasia or neglect were excluded from these analyses. Low MoCA score was defined as Results: The prevalence of low baseline MoCA scores was 207/377 (55%). Baseline features associated with low MoCA scores in the univariate analyses are shown in Table 1. In the multivariate analyses, older age (p Conclusions: SAMMPRIS patients had a high prevalence of cognitive impairment at baseline, which was not explained by the presence of vascular risk factors, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. This finding suggests that cognitive impairment may be an important source of potential disability in patients with intracranial stenosis.
Quantification of hand grasp force using a pressure mapping system

The goal of this study was to use a pressure sensor to measure the force distribution and contact area of the hand when gripping, pushing, and pulling a cylinder. Data was collected from 10 subjects with no hand impairments and from 1 subject with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Subjects grasped an aluminum cylinder wrapped with a Tekscan pressure sensor and performed each trial at 25%, 50%, and 100% maximum voluntary exertion. A relationship was found between increasing exertion and increasing hand area with increasing hand contact area. The force distribution maps showed the thenar region of the hand exerts the most force during pushing while the metacarpal joint line exerts the highest force during pulling. The third and fourth phalange were found to exert the highest phalange force during gripping. The force distribution maps from the RA subject showed higher thumb forces and distal phalange forces, relative to the entire phalange, compared to the non-impaired subjects. This suggests that the RA subject compensates for the lack of phalange function with the regions of the hand that still function. Future studies should sample individuals with a larger hand area range and sample more individuals with RA.
A stable Galerkin reduced order model for coupled fluid–structure interaction problems

SUMMARY A stable reduced order model (ROM) of a linear fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem involving linearized compressible inviscid flow over a flat linear von Karman plate is developed. Separate stable ROMs for each of the fluid and the structure equations are derived. Both ROMs are built using the ‘continuous’ Galerkin projection approach, in which the continuous governing equations are projected onto the reduced basis modes in a continuous inner product. The mode shapes for the structure ROM are the eigenmodes of the governing (linear) plate equation. The fluid ROM basis is constructed via the proper orthogonal decomposition. For the linearized compressible Euler fluid equations, a symmetry transformation is required to obtain a stable formulation of the Galerkin projection step in the model reduction procedure. Stability of the Galerkin projection of the structure model in the standard L2 inner product is shown. The fluid and structure ROMs are coupled through solid wall boundary conditions at the interface (plate) boundary. An a priori energy linear stability analysis of the coupled fluid/structure system is performed. It is shown that, under some physical assumptions about the flow field, the FSI ROM is linearly stable a priori if a stabilization term is added to the fluid pressure loading on the plate. The stability of the coupled ROM is studied in the context of a test problem of inviscid, supersonic flow past a thin, square, elastic rectangular panel that will undergo flutter once the non-dimensional pressure parameter exceeds a certain threshold. This a posteriori stability analysis reveals that the FSI ROM can be numerically stable even without the addition of the aforementioned stabilization term. Moreover, the ROM constructed for this problem properly predicts the maintenance of stability below the flutter boundary and gives a reasonable prediction for the instability growth rate above the flutter boundary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Semantics of Backing Up (Or: What to do with Prepositions and Particles?).

The paper discusses the lexical description and runtime disambiguation of homographous prepositions and verbal particles in English using the Ontological Semantic (OntoSem) text processing environment. It describes the knowledge resources and processors that permit – in all but the most genuinely ambiguous of cases – an unambiguous text-meaning representation (TMR) to be created from input containing such multifunctional elements. The example of back up in many of its senses is treated in particular detail.
Effect of interfacial shallow traps on polaron transport at the surface of organic semiconductors.

The photo-induced electron and hole transfer across the semiconductor-dielectric interface in trap-dominated $p$-type organic field-effect transistors has been investigated. It has been observed that the transfer of electrons into the dielectric results in a decrease of the field-effect mobility of polarons, suggesting that additional shallow traps are generated in the conduction channel. Using this effect, the dependence of the field-effect mobility on the density of shallow traps, $\ensuremath{\mu}(N)$, has been measured, which allowed us to estimate the average polaron trapping time, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{tr}}=50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps}$, and the density of shallow traps, ${N}_{0}=(3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, in the channel of single-crystal tetracene devices.
Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve Natural History and Hemodynamic Considerations

Absent or hypoplastic pulmonary valve is an uncommon condition usually associated with a ventricular septal defect and an obstructive pulmonary valve ring. Secondary abnormalities involving the pulmonary arteries and major bronchi are common, and many result in severe pulmonary complications. Eight patients with absent pulmonary valve, ventricular septal defect and obstructed pulmonary valve ring are herein described. The clinical features, cardiac catheterization, cineangiographic and postmortem findings are presented. Possible fetal hemodynamics and their influences are discussed, as are postnatal hemodynamics and their clinical consequences. Patients with this combination of lesions have been regarded as having a very poor prognosis, and recent publications have advocated early surgical intervention; however, most published series are small, and only 106 cases have been documented. These cases have been reviewed for clinical and anatomic features as well as an overview of prognosis and results of surgical intervention.
Non-welfaristic Policy Assessment and the Pareto Principle

A welfaristic method of policy evaluation focuses exclusively on the effect of the policy on individuals' utilities. In contrast, a non-welfaristic way of assessing policies attaches some importance to factors other than the effects of policies on individuals' utilities. This paper develops a general framework to examine alternative approaches to policy assessment and their compatibility with the dominance rule underlying the weak Pareto principle.
Impaired Innate COPD Alveolar Macrophage Responses and Toll-Like Receptor-9 Polymorphisms

Background Dysfunctional innate responses of alveolar macrophages to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae contribute to morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our earlier studies discovered impaired COPD alveolar macrophage responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands of nontypeable H. influenzae and provide rationale for further evaluation of TLR signaling. While the role of TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms is increasingly recognized in inflammatory diseases, TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms in COPD have only recently been explored. We hypothesized that specific TLR polymorphisms are associated with dysfunctional innate immune COPD alveolar macrophage responses and investigated polymorphisms of TLR2(Arg753Gln), TLR4(Thr399Ile; Asp299Gly), and TLR9(T1486C; T1237C).
Rite of passage: a bZIP transcription factor must transit the cell apex to become competent.

Summary In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans BrlA triggers the central developmental pathway that controls the transition from vegetative growth to asexual reproduction. Upstream regulators including the bZIP transcription factor FlbB activate the expression of brlA. Previous work has established that FlbB localizes to both the apex of the hypha, where it interacts with and is anchored by FlbE, and to nuclei, with highest levels in the nucleus closest to the apex and successively lower levels in nuclei further away from the apex. In this issue, Herrero-Garcia et al. dissect the roles of these two FlbB pools and the mechanisms underlying their localization and activity. Using a photoactivatable tag, they demonstrate that FlbB moves from the tip into the apical nucleus. Through a series of deletion constructs, they show that import of FlbB into the nucleus requires a bipartite NLS, that FlbB localization at the tip requires actin and that the FlbB tip-high gradient appears to be mass action dependent as the gradient is lost with FlbB constitutive upregulation. They show that while the pool of FlbB at the apex is required for triggering asexual development, the tip high nuclear gradient is not required.
Is all well in the neighborhood? Conflict on neighborhood boards in Milwaukee

Neighborhood organizations have become more important players in urban areas in recent years due to a renewed interest in social capital and an emphasis on the continuing development of community. With this elevated status comes more responsibility for the delivery of services to citizens and scrutiny by these very citizens, the press, and government officials. Much of what we know about neighborhood organizations comes from our observations of board deliberations. Through these deliberations board members make decisions that affect neighborhood constituents. In this study we examine the context in which neighborhood boards in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, make decisions. Using theory borrowed from the literature on local government boards, we develop a series of testable hypotheses relating to the level of conflict on these boards. Our findings indicate that conflict is relatively low across boards in Milwaukee; however, the number of board member and certain behavioral variables explain a significant amount of the variance in the level of conflict.