cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identity Armour: User Controlled Browser Security

As dynamic technologies are deployed to make the web more responsive and feature-rich, the abuse of these capabilities have given rise to emergent privacy and security concerns. At the same time, the prevalence of targeted advertising-driven revenue streams has built an incentive to amass more information about visitors and little incentive to prevent third-party entities from collecting such data. We create a prototype policy enforcement system called Identity Armour that is purely client-side, requiring no cooperation from the site developer. Our system can enforce policies over the functionality of practical JavaScript, including the ability to prevent data that users consider to be sensitive and to prevent functions that the user considers to be prohibited from being executed. We show that Identity Armour is effective at stopping real privacy leakages, and equips users with modern web protections even when first-party developers fail to supply policies themselves.
Neutron instrumentation research at the Low Energy Neutron Source

Particle accelerators have been used to produce neutrons at relatively small-scale facilities for many decades, but historically the vast majority of the work performed at such facilities has focus...
A Single Cell Atlas of Lung Development

Lung organogenesis requires precisely timed shifts in the spatial organization and function of parenchymal cells, especially during the later stages of lung development. To investigate the mechanisms governing lung parenchymal dynamics during development, we performed a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) time-series yielding 92,238 epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells across 8 time points from embryonic day 12 (E12) to postnatal day 14 (P14) in mice. We combined new computational analyses with RNA in situ hybridization to explore transcriptional velocity, fate likelihood prediction, and spatiotemporal localization of cell populations during the transition between the saccular and alveolar stages. We interrogated this atlas to illustrate the complexity of type 1 pneumocyte function during the saccular and alveolar stages, and we demonstrate an integrated view of the cellular dynamics during lung development.
Increased Rates of Rejection in Discordant Hepatitis C Heart Transplantation

Purpose In 2017, discordant hepatitis C (HCV) heart transplantation was initiated in an attempt to expand the donor pool in the era of curable treatments for HCV with direct anti-viral therapies. However, long term outcome data in these patients remains limited. In addition, within current data published, significant variability in rates of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) along with rejection have been reported thus far. The purpose of our study is to examine long term outcomes specific to both rejection and CAV in our discordant HCV transplants in comparison to our non-HCV cohort. Methods Our center started performing discordant HCV heart transplantation in 2018. We retrospectively reviewed the baseline demographics along with outcomes, specifically rates of rejection and CAV. Results Forty-six patients underwent discordant HCV heart transplantation at our center since 2018 with 89% of those donors being nucleic acid test (NAT) positive. 80% became viremic within 7 days post transplantation. All but 3 NAT+ patients became viremic with 80% of those converting within 7 days of transplantation. All viremic patients were treated within 3 months of transplantation. Seventeen (37%) developed rejection, most frequently within 1st year (94%), with 30% within the 1st month. Rejection episodes consisted mostly of cellular rejection (> 1R) with only 30% of episodes with hemodynamic significance. In comparison, the non-HCV cohort only experienced > 1R rejection in 18% (10/55) during the same time frame with 40% of episodes being hemodynamically significant. At 1 year, 8% of patients (3 of 34) developed CAV with two of those with patients with a history of rejection within the 1st year, similar to the rate of CAV in the non-HCV cohort. One patient (2%) died within the first year due to a combination of both rejection and infection. Conclusion In this population of discordant HCV transplant patients that were predominantly NAT+, we observed a higher incidence of rejection as compared to the non-HCV cohort of the same timeframe. Thus far, overall graft function, mortality and CAV outcome have not been affected. Longer term, multi center data is necessary regarding outcomes of patients with discordant HCV transplantation.
Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Gammopathy, and Skin Changes) Syndrome: A Review.

Importance POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) syndrome is a rare plasma cell disorder characterized by demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and clonal plasma cell proliferation. Clinical manifestations are believed to be associated with a surge of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators, including interleukins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), elicited by clonal and polyclonal plasma cells. The clinical manifestations of POEMS syndrome can be debilitating; therefore, early diagnosis is essential. This review discusses several aspects of POEMS syndrome and includes the most recently published findings, with a special emphasis on diagnosis and treatment strategies. Observations POEMS syndrome may be underdiagnosed because of its rarity, and it can be mistaken for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; this misdiagnosis may lead to delayed therapy and progressive worsening of symptoms, especially neuropathy. Therefore, in addition to measurement of the VEGF level, patients with a monoclonal protein detected in blood and/or urine and neuropathy should be evaluated for POEMS syndrome with use of imaging to assess whether sclerotic bone lesions, effusions, and organomegaly are present. Clinical trials are scant, and treatment is largely based on small case series in which plasma cell–directed therapies, borrowed from the myeloma armamentarium, were used. High-dose melphalan and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation may be offered to eligible patients. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone can be prescribed for patients who are ineligible for transplants. The main goals of therapy are to attain complete hematologic and VEGF responses and to reduce symptoms, although it may take up to 3 years for neurologic deficits to be ameliorated. Conclusions and Relevance POEMS syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients who have peripheral neuropathy and paraproteinemia among other multisystem manifestations. The syndrome can be debilitating if not recognized early in its course; thus, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are important for optimal clinical outcomes.
Future Families: Diverse Forms, Rich Possibilities

Preface vi Acknowledgments ix About the Author xi 1 Challenges to the Ideal Family Form 1 2 Changing Parental Roles: The Sharing and Redistribution of Family Responsibility in Contemporary Families 25 3 Further Assaults on the Ideal Family Form: Divorce, Remarriage, Single Parenthood, and Cohabitation 55 4 Same-Gender Families: Are Two Mothers or Fathers Good Enough? 84 5 How Many Parents Are Too Many? Insights from the Assisted Reproductive Technologies Front 111 6 Many Mothers, Many Fathers, Many Others: Insights from Other Cultures 141 7 All about Relatives and Fictive Relatives: Insights from Diverse Ethnic Groups in Our Own Culture (Past and Present) 160 8 Multiple Caregivers: Harmful or Helpful for Caregivers Themselves 191 9 In Support of Alternative Family Forms: Overcoming the Barriers to Change 209 References 243 Index 292
A Biological Sensor for Iron That is Available to Pseudomonas Fluorescens Inhabiting the Plant Rhizosphere

The availability of iron to a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens inhabiting the rhizosphere of bean was evaluated using a novel biological iron sensor. The iron sensor, termed pvd-inaZ, was constructed by cloning an iron-regulated promoter, isolated from a gene involved in pyoverdine (pvd) (fluorescent siderophore) production of P. syringae, upstream of an ice-nucleation-activity gene (inaZ) that lacked its native promoter. Cells of P. fluorescens containing the pvd-inaZ fusion expressed ice nucleation activity only when grown in iron-limited media, in which the iron-regulated pvd promoter was active. Cells of P. fluorescens that contained pvd-inaZ expressed less ice nucleation activity in the rhizosphere of bean plants grown in soil amended with FeEDTA than in the rhizosphere of plants grown in unamended soil. Thus, the ice nucleation activity expressed by cells containing pvd-inaZ was regulated by the levels of iron available to P. fluorescens in the plant rhizosphere as well as in culture medium. Whereas conventional techniques are not useful for detection of concentrations of iron available to bacteria occupying microhabitats in the plant rhizosphere, the ice nucleation gene fusion system provided a sensitive, convenient, and inexpensive sensor of iron availability to P. fluorescens inhabiting these sites.
Kim Addonizio: A Poet with Duende

ka: A few years ago, when Dorianne Laux and I were working on our book The Poet's Companion, we were just getting online and were only vaguely aware of what the web had to offer. We had to get a lot of help with the chapter we called "Writing in the Electronic Age." Then, suddenly, it seemed everyone was on the web, with an e-zine or a homepage for a print journal or an author's site. My own site began as a way to help promote my private classes, so that I didn't have to spend so much time on the phone going over what groups were scheduled and how I approached poetry. Then, I wanted to do something more that would be ongoing, and I started keeping an occasional journal, trying to focus it mostly on writing. I see it as a space to share a bit of my process, and to pass on the things that sustain me, and occasionally to rant or whine. It's on the Internet, true, but it doesn't feel like a big public forum. I have no idea how many people see it. I don't try to make the writing literary or any thing; I pretty much sit down and write about whatever's on my mind at the time. I think a lot about "the confessional," in terms of this and in terms of my poetry, which has been called confessional by some. Of course, they're leaving out a big chunk of my work, like Jimmy & Rita, a book that is a verse novel, and lots of other poems that focus on the world rather than the self. And it's true that I have plenty of
NMR Studies of ortho and meta- fluorocinnamate-α-chymotrypsin complexes

Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to examine the complexes formed between o- and m-fluorocinnamate ions and the enzyme α-chymotrypsin. Study of the frequency dependence of fluorine spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation rates suggests that, like the p-isomer, both the o- and m-fluorocinnamates bind equally well to monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of the protein. Dipole-dipole interactions with protons of the enzyme play an important role in relaxing the protein-bound fluorine nucleus. Various deuterated forms of the ortho isomer were used to obtain evidence suggesting that the conformation of this molecule bound to the enzyme is similar if not identical to the conformation found in free solution. NMR methods were used to estimate the rates of dissociation of the complexes and the chemical shifts of the bound fluorine atoms were determined to be substantially downfield of their positions in the absence of enzyme.
Numerical simulations of flames and detonations

Time-dependent numerical simulations of multidimensional flames and detonations are discussed in this paper. The differences in the processes which must be modelled and the approaches adopted in simulating flames and detonations are highlighted. A two-dimensional flame model is described and then results of calculations are presented that show the effects of gravity on the structure and propagation of laminar, premixed flames. Similarly, a two-dimensional detonation model is described and used to simulate the cellular structure of detonations. Finally, some current developments in computers and algorithms and their impact on the numerical modelling of reactive flows is discussed.
Cortisol resistance in man.

Primary cortisol resistance in man is a familial disease characterized by increased plasma cortisol concentrations, high urinary free cortisol excretion, a normal circadian pattern of cortisol secretion, resistance to adrenal suppression by dexametha­sone and absence of the clinical stigmata of Cushing’s syndrome or signs of adrenal insufficiency. In its severe form, hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis are present, owing to increased secretion of the sodium-retaining corticoids, corticosterone and deoxycortico­sterone. In subjects with a less severe resistance to cortisol, there are no clinical abnormalities and the disease is revealed only by detailed examination of several parameters of cortisol metabolism or by glucocorticoid receptor studies. In whole-cell glucocorticoid receptor assays (peripheral mononuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts, or B-lymphocytes transformed with the Epstein-Barr Virus) low receptor affinity for dexamethasone could be demon­strated conclusively only in the severely affected subject. When affected cells are transformed with the Epstein-Barr virus, receptor induction is less than that of normal cells. The decreased affinity of the receptor for its ligand is reflected in an increased rate of loss of specific bound ligand during thermal activation. The molecular weight of the receptor, determined by SDS-PAGE, is similar to that from normal cells (~ 92,000). Only in the severely affected patient was the proportion of activated receptor remaining in the cytosol of thermally activated intact cells reduced. At saturating concentrations of dexamethasone, nuclear binding appears normal in cells from both the severe and the asymptomatic forms of this condition, providing an explanation for the apparently complete compensation of the target tissue resistance to glucocorticoids by the high plasma cortisol levels. The clinical manifestations of the disorder (hypertension, hypokalemia) can be corrected with high doses of dexamethasone (3mg/day).
Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0_General: Validity of a psychosocial risk screener in a pediatric kidney transplant sample

Pai ALH, Tackett A, Ittenbach RF, Goebel J. Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0_General: Validity of a psychosocial risk screener in a pediatric kidney transplant sample. Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: 92–98. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: To present the preliminary psychometric properties of the PAT2.0_GEN, a brief, caregiver completed screener of psychosocial for children who were recipients of kidney transplants. Caregivers of 45 children and adolescents with kidney transplants completed the PAT2.0_GEN and the PedsQL. Internal consistency and predictive validity of the PAT2.0 were examined. Internal consistency for the PAT2.0_GEN Total score was strong. Internal consistency for the PAT2.0_GEN subscales ranged from 0.31 to 0.82. Evidence supporting convergent validity was observed; higher PAT2.0_GEN scores were significantly associated with lower caregiver- and self-rated patient quality of life and poorer family communication. PAT2.0_GEN scores were also associated with an increased likelihood that a patient received or had been independently referred for psychological services within two yr of completing the PAT2.0_GEN. The PAT2.0_GEN Total score is a promising screening tool for psychosocial risk in the pediatric kidney transplant population.
Clonal spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium between patients in three hospitals in two states.

Abstract The DNAs of 3* vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from five hospitals in three states were analyzed by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis and plasmid analysis. There were 22 strain types. One strain type was common to patients in three hospitals in two states. These results suggest the apparent intra- and interhospital spread of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.
Religion, Race and Motherhood

Some mothers seem to rely on formal legal relationships to help their children to thrive despite socioeconomic difficulties. Some, and particularly African-Americans, seem to be able to function well as mothers without the community support provided by marriage and adoption. This paper will examine the effect of legal structure, religiosity, income and parenting styles for various groups of American children, identified by ethnic group and four religious traditions: Baptist, Catholic, Jewish and Muslim.
Biosynthesis of the biomarker okenone: χ-ring formation

Purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) mainly occur in anoxic aquatic and benthic environments, where they play important roles in cycling carbon and sulfur. Many PSB characteristically produce the unique keto-carotenoid, okenone, which is important not only for its light absorption and photoprotection properties but also because of its diagenesis product, okenane, which is a biomarker for ancient sediments derived from anoxic environments. The specific methylation pattern of the χ-ring of okenane is unlikely to be formed by diagenetic processes and should therefore reflect an enzymatic activity from okenone biosynthesis. This study describes two enzymes that produce the χ-ring of okenone, the only structural element of okenone preserved in okenane. Genes encoding enzymes of carotenogenesis were identified in the draft genome sequence of an okenone-producing PSB, Thiodictyon sp. strain CAD16. Two divergently transcribed genes encoded a CrtY-type lycopene cyclase and a CrtU/CruE-type γ-carotene desaturase/methyltransferase. Expression of crtY in Escherichia coli showed that this gene encoded a lycopene cyclase that produced γ-carotene as the only product. Although the sequence of the γ-carotene desaturase/methyltransferase was more similar to CrtU sequences of green sulfur bacteria than to CruE sequences of cyanobacteria, expression of the crtU gene in Chlorobaculum tepidum showed that the enzyme produced carotenoids with χ-rings rather than φ-rings. Phylogenetic analysis of the carotene desaturase/methyltransferases revealed that enzymes capable of converting β-rings to χ-rings have independently evolved at least two times. These results indicate that it probably will not be possible to deduce the activity of carotene desaturase/methyltransferases solely from sequence data.
Integrated visible and near-infrared, shortwave infrared, and longwave infrared full-range hyperspectral data analysis for geologic mapping

Airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) and spatially coincident hyperspectral thermal emission spectrometer (HyTES) data were used to map geology and alteration for a site in northern Death Valley, California and Nevada. AVIRIS with 224 bands from 0.4 to 2.5 μ m were converted to reflectance. HyTES data with 256 bands covering 8 to 12 μ m were converted to emissivity. Two approaches were investigated for integration of the datasets for full spectrum analysis. A combined (integrated) bands method utilized 332 spectral bands spanning both datasets. Spectral endmembers were extracted, and the predominant material at each pixel was mapped for the full spectral range using partial unmixing. This approach separated a variety of materials, but it was difficult to directly relate mapping results to surface properties. The second method used visible to near-infrared, shortwave infrared, and longwave infrared data independently to determine and map key endmembers in each spectral range. AVIRIS directly mapped a variety of specific minerals, while HyTES separated and mapped several igneous rock phases. Individual mapping results were then combined using geologically directed logical operators. The full-range results illustrate that integrated analysis provides advantages over use of just one spectral range, leading to improved understanding of the distribution of geologic units and alteration.
Fractional quantum Hall effect in suspended graphene probed with two-terminal measurements

Recently, fractional quantization of two-terminal conductance was reported in suspended graphene. The quantization, which was clearly visible in fields as low as 2 T and persistent up to 20 K in 12 T, was attributed to the formation of an incompressible fractional quantum Hall state. Here, we argue that the failure of earlier experiments to detect the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect with a Hall-bar lead geometry is a consequence of the invasive character of voltage probes in mesoscopic samples, which are easily shorted out owing to the formation of hot spots near the edges of the sample. This conclusion is supported by a detailed comparison with a solvable transport model. We also consider, and rule out, an alternative interpretation of the quantization in terms of the formation of a p-n-p junction, which could result from contact doping or density inhomogeneity. Finally, we discuss the estimate of the quasi-particle gap of the quantum Hall state. The gap value, obtained from the transport data using a conformal mapping technique, is considerably larger than in GaAs-based two-dimensional electron systems, reflecting the stronger Coulomb interactions in graphene.
Reconstruction energies of partial dislocations in cubic semiconductors

The relative stability of the single period and double period reconstructions in the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} partial dislocation core is investigated across the cubic-semiconductor family. The effect of pressure on the phase stability is investigated for the elemental semiconductors. The relative phase stability of the reconstructions is correlated to the bulk crystal's propensity for bond bending versus bond stretching. It is observed that when the Kleinman parameter [Phys. Rev. 128, 2614 (1962)] of a crystal is less than 0.6, the double period reconstruction is favored.
Mapped Interpolation Scheme for Single-Point Energy Corrections in Reaction Rate Calculations and a Critical Evaluation of Dual-Level Reaction Path Dynamics Methods

Three procedures for incorporating higher level electronic structure data into reaction path dynamics calculations are tested. In one procedure, variational transition state theory with interpolated single-point energies, which is denoted VTST-ISPE, a few extra energies calculated with a higher level theory along the lower level reaction path are used to correct the classical energetic profile of the reaction. In the second procedure, denoted variational transition state theory with interpolated optimized corrections (VTST-IOC), which we introduced earlier, higher level corrections to energies, frequencies, and moments of inertia are based on stationary-point geometries reoptimized at a higher level than the reaction path was calculated. The third procedure, called interpolated optimized energies (IOE), is like IOC except it omits the frequency correction. Three hydrogen-transfer reactions, CH3 + H‘H → CH3H‘ + H (R1), OH + H‘H → HOH‘ + H (R2), and OH + H‘CH3 → HOH‘ + CH3 (R3), are used to test and validat...
In silico analysis of compounds from Stemona tuberosa as an inhibitor for N1 neuraminidase of H5N1 avian virus

The worldwide spread of H5N1 avian influenza has raised concerns that this virus might acquire the ability to pass readily among humans and cause a pandemic.Two anti-influenza drugs currently being used to treat the infected patients are oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza), both of which target the neuraminidase enzyme of the virus. Reports of the emergence of drug resistance has made the development of new anti-influenza molecules a priority. Various compounds present in Stemona tuberosa a plant belonging to Stemonaceae family was tested for activity against H5N1 neuraminidase. Eight one molecules including stilbenoids, bibenzyls and various others were selected as probable compounds for lead molecules. These lead molecules were tested for toxicity tests and Lipinski rule in Pre ADMET server. Around 33 compounds cleared all these tests. Validated ligand molecules were docked against H5NI Neuraminidase active site residues using AUTODOCK 4 which showed better results in comparison with zanamivir and oseltamivir, anti- influenza drugs.
Target velocity estimation and CRB with distributed MIMO radar in non-homogeneous AR-modeled disturbances

In this paper, we examine the target velocity estimation with distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radars in non-homogeneous environments, where the disturbance signal (clutter and noise) exhibits non-homogeneity in not only power but also covariance structure from one transmit-receive antenna pair to another as well as across different test cells. Specifically, a set of distinctive auto-regressive (AR) models are used to model such non-homogeneous disturbance signals for different transmit-receive pairs. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for the target velocity parameter is developed. Corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds, in both the exact and asymptotic forms, respectively, are examined to shed additional light to the problem. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate of the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Knowledge, attitudes, and decision making in hospital glycemic management: are faculty up to speed?

ABSTRACT Objective: Knowledge and confidence deficits in the management of hospital glucose abnormalities are prevalent among resident physicians. However, it is unclear whether such gaps prevail among faculty within different professional fields. In this study, we examined faculty knowledge and explored perceptions of challenges related to the management of inpatient hyperglycemia and diabetes. Methods: We conducted a survey that examined management decisions about inpatient hyperglycemia and diabetes among Medicine, Medicine/Pediatrics, Family and Community Medicine, Surgery, and Neurology faculty clinicians. All participating faculty had teaching and patient care responsibilities. Results: Responses from 69 faculty participants revealed gaps in several areas, including biomedical and contextual knowledge, familiarity with resources, clinical decision making, and self-efficacy. We identified important factors perceived as barriers to optimal glycemic management in the inpatient settings. Conclusion: The...
Taming the PL/I syntax

Ideally the syntactic part of a PL/I compiler would be generated directly from the semi-formal definition of ANSI Standard PL/I. A practical approach to this is described, using finite state machines and an LALR parser generator. The parser uses a method due to Aoe which avoids list searching. Adapted for this method the PL/I grammar has 841 states. The parse table generator exploits the freedom to renumber states in a way that improves on previous algorithms for compacting the tables. The parser tables occupy less than 4K bytes.
Mercury at Oak Ridge: outcomes from risk evaluations can differ depending upon objectives and methodologies

Risk evaluations play an important role in environmental management, remediation and restoration. Yet when different agencies and groups evaluate risk, the objectives and methods may differ, leading to different conclusions, which can confuse managers, policy-makers and the public. In this paper, we examine two evaluations of the potential risk from mercury contamination deriving from the Y-12 facility at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge Reservation (Tennessee, USA). The US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) examined the past and present risks from mercury to humans, using data provided in government reports and publications. The Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) used a risk-informed prioritization model, developed for managers to evaluate different remediation projects. The CRESP prioritization model considered both human and ecological receptors, as well as future potential risks. Risk was an important component of both evaluations, and both ...
Metabolic fate of human choriogonadotropin

Review of the literature reveals a number of recent insights concerning the metabolic fate of human choriogonadotropin (hCG). In man, only a fraction (21.7%) of the circulating hCG molecules is excreted in urine. Results from animal studies indicate that the retained hCG is taken up by various tissues, principally kidney, liver, and ovary, where degradation occurs. Ovarian uptake is receptor mediated and saturable. Hepatic uptake of hCG is not preceded by desialylation, and blockade of hepatic receptors for galactose-terminated glycoproteins does not impair hepatic accumulation of hCG. Kidney uptake is quantitatively the most important; parenchymal metabolism, as well as excretion in urine constitute major renal components of hCG disposal. The intracellular products of hCG catabolism in kidney include certain fragments of the hCG molecule that exhibit relative resistance to processing by degradative enzymes. These products are fragments of the hCG beta subunit that lack the hCG beta carboxyterminal antigenic determinant, but retain an hCG beta core antigenic determinant, and, thus, they are designated beta-core molecules. Both kidney from hCG-infused rat and urine from pregnant women contain beta-core molecules in great abundance, in fact, in greater abundance than hCG, itself. Structural characterizations of the beta-core purified from pregnancy urine indicate a mol. wt of about 10,000 and an absence of sialic acid, galactose, and carboxyterminal peptide region, including O-linked oligosaccharides. Human volunteers given purified hCG or hCG beta by infusion excrete beta-core in their urines, which establishes the existence of catabolic pathways in humans for the production of beta-core. Thus, urinary excretion of beta-core may reflect an important fate for the metabolic products of hCG degradation.
CHAOTIC MICROLASERS BASED ON DYNAMICAL LOCALIZATION

We report the first direct observation of lasing action from a dynamically localized mode in a microdisk resonator with rough boundary. In contrast to microlasers based on stable ray trajectories, the performance of our device is robust with respect to the boundary roughness and corresponding ray chaos, taking advantage of Anderson localization in angular momentum. The resonator design, although demonstrated here in GaAs-InAs microdisk laser, should be applicable to any lasers and sensors based on semiconductor or polymer materials.
The sociological significance of ambivalence: An example from adoption research

The current adoption controversy in the United States has prompted researchers to study factors that influence adoptees' attitudes towards obtaining identifying information 1 about their birth parents. This paper considers the usefulness of some recent methodological perspectives on the contextuality of meaning for the purpose of conducting and analyzing adoption interviews. I will argue that, because of the tendency among researchers to look only for adoptees' reasons for or against requesting genealogical knowledge, the dilemma-ridden nature of their thinking has been ignored. Theoretically, the paper proposes an alternative approach to adoption research and raises the issue of the sociological and methodological significance of ambivalence. Empirically, it shows that contradictory or ambivalent attitudes towards the disclosure of identifying information can be interpreted, not as signs of inconsistency, immaturity or delusion, but in terms of two intersecting moral vocabularies: the ethic of self-discovery and the ethic of reciprocity. Rather than merely expressing individual differences in experience or temperament, these vocabularies reflect moral themes in the culture at large.
Random Censorship, Competing Risks and a Simple Proportional Hazards Model

The present paper discusses a health situation in which the individuals in a biomedical or an epidemiological cohort study are exposed simultaneously to several risks of death, such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, renal failure, emphysema, etc. and in which the life times of these individuals are independently censored on the right by some censoring mechanism. ARMITAGE' (1958) simple proportional hazards model is examined with respect to several probability models for the life time and censoring distributions.
Chromatic opponent-response functions of anomalous trichromats.

Abstract Chromatic valence functions for the red-green and blue-yellow opponent-response systems of normal and anomalous trichromats were measured psychophysically using the Jameson and Hurvich hue cancellation technique. Four protanomalous and two deuteranomalous observers with varying degrees of color discrimination loss, and two color-normal observers, served in the experiment. The color-normal data were in good agreement with the results reported by Jameson and Hurvich. Protanomalous and deuteranomalous observers differed with respect to the relative strengths of the two chromatic opponent systems: decreased red-green strength was correlated with poorer color discrimination. Theoretical fits to the opponent-response data were calculated by assuming linear combinations of cone inputs for both chromatic systems and different sets of photopigments for the three classes of observer.
Personality differences between surgery residents, nonsurgery residents, and medical students.

Background The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality may provide a useful framework to understand performance-related issues in academic medical settings. We examined the distribution of FFM personality traits among surgery residents compared with medicine residents, medical students, and community norms. Methods Two hundred and seventy-four residents in surgery, medicine, pediatrics, and anesthesiology and 207 medical students at a large tertiary care teaching hospital completed the Big Five Inventory, a well-validated 44-item measure of the FFM. Analysis of covariance was used to examine specialty group differences in personality traits, controlling for desirable response bias. Results Surgery residents obtained greater scores for Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Emotional Stability, but lower scores for Openness compared with community norms (all P P P P P Conclusion Greater levels of Conscientiousness, which has been associated with academic and job success in previous studies, were observed among surgery residents compared with community norms, medical students, and some residents. We conclude that (1) surgery residents continue to exhibit desirable professional characteristics; and (2) further study into the utility of the FFM as a screening tool for future surgery trainees is warranted.
Guiding superconducting vortices with magnetic domain walls

We demonstrate a unique prospect for inducing anisotropic vortex pinning and manipulating the directional motion of vortices by using the stripe domain patterns of a uniaxial magnetic film in the superconducting/ferromagnetic hybrid. Our observations can be described by a model, which considers interactions between magnetic charges of vortices and surface magnetic charges of domains resulting in the enhanced pinning of vortices on domain walls.
Cancer mortality among workers exposed to chemicals during uranium processing.

Data provided by the Comprehensive Epidemiology Data Resource allowed us to study patterns of cancer mortality as experienced by 3814 uranium-processing workers employed at the Fernald Feed Materials Production Center in Fernald, Ohio. Using risk-set analyses for cohorts, we estimated the effects of
A diisopropoxyphosphonate monosulfone

The title compound, diisopropyl (diiso­propoxy­phosphoryl­methyl­sulfonyl­meth­yl)phosphonate, C14H32O8P2S, is a monosulfone of a diphosphate ester that has been investigated as a target for chemotherapy. The mol­ecule is in a quasi-gauche conformation with an approximate twofold axis. The S=O, P=O and P—O bonds average 1.444, 1.474 and 1.574 A, respectively.
Phase transformation and growth of aerosol particles composed of mixed salts

Abstract Thermodynamical considerations are given to the phase transformation and growth of a mixed-salt particle suspended in moist air. A mathematical expression is derived to relate the equilibrium droplet size to the solution properties of a multicomponent system. It is shown that, at a given relative humidity, the partition between the liquid and solid phases, the chemical form of the solid phase, and the composition of the aqueous solution may be deduced directly from the solubility diagram, provided that water activities are known over the entire concentration range. A graphical method is developed for making incremental extrapolations of wateractivity data from dilute solutions up to the two-phase region. Growth curves for the systems H2O-NaCl-MgCl2 and H2O-H2SO4-(NH4)2SO4 have been calculated as a function of r.h. and chemical composition. Depending on humidity and composition, ambient sulfate aerosols may contain (NH4)2SO4, 3(NH4)2SO4, H2SO4, or NH4HSO4 as the solid phase.
Spontaneous symmetry breakdown in μ-e electrodynamics

Abstract : The possibility is examined of spontaneous symmetry breakdowns in the electrodynamics of two originally identical charged fields with minimal coupling. The analysis provides a simple example of internal symmetry, SU(2), for which three possibilities arise: (1) no spontaneous breakdowns occur and the vacuum state possesses full SU(2) invariance; (2) a partial breakdown occurs which will be seen to produce a mass splitting out of muon to e+gamma-ray decay; and (3) full SU(2) breakdown occurs which will result, in general, in allowed muon to e+gamma-ray decay as well as mass splitting. Only minimal gauge invariant interactions are involved, and hence divergencies and cut off problems are avoided. (Author)
The Paradoxical Circularity of Luigi Malerba’s Narrative: Ti saluto filosofia and Fantasmi romani

AbstractThe narrative journey of Luigi Malerba (1927–2008), from the Neoavanguardia experience to postmodernism, articulates a search for meaning through the interpretation of different genres. Malerba’s corpus epitomizes ‘l’ingombrante, evolutiva letteratura dell’invenzione’ through a thought-provoking, open circle that connects both his first and last collections of short stories, La scoperta dell’alfabeto (1963) and Ti saluto filosofia (2004), and his first and last novels, Il serpente (1966) and Fantasmi romani (2006). I contend that Malerba’s narrative circle in its entirety offers a literary expression of paradox. A logical contradiction defines also the geometrical image of the Moebius strip, over which Malerba lingers in a short story in Ti saluto filosofia, and the metaphor of Clarisse’s ring in Robert Musil’s novel The Man without Qualities (1930–42), which is a key intertextual presence in Fantasmi romani. Through consideration of the direct and indirect presence of paradoxical rings in Ti salu...
Pattern of age-related maculopathy in the macular area. The Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Purpose. To describe the distribution of lesions associated with age-related maculopathy by location in the macula in a population of adult Americans. Methods. Four thousand nine hundred twenty-six persons ranging in age from 43 to 84 years and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, at the time of a census (1987-1988) were examined from 1988 to 1990. Lesions typical of age-related maculopathy were determined by masked grading of stereoscopic color fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. The extent and prevalence of different types of lesions were determined for each of nine macular subfield regions : central, inner superior, inner nasal, inner inferior, inner temporal, outer superior, outer nasal, outer inferior, and outer temporal. Results. Lesions associated with early age-related maculopathy were distributed in specific patterns. Soft indistinct drusen were more prevalent in the temporal and superior quadrants than in the nasal and inferior quadrants, whereas pigmentary abnormalities associated with age-related maculopathy were more prevalent in the superior or nasal quadrants than in the inferior or temporal quadrants. After weighting for subfield area, all types of lesions were most prevalent in the central macular region. Conclusion. Various lesions associated with early age-related maculopathy were located in specific patterns in the macula. It is not known whether these patterns resulted from environmental, anatomic, or physiologic factors.
NUMERICAL RESULTS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SOURCE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM EXTERNAL RADIATION FIELD MEASUREMENTS

Abstract The authors consider a transport process in a slab bounded by two parallel planes. Radiation is both absorbed and scattered isotropically. The radiation is due to continuously distributed internal isotropic sources. The aim is to estimate the distribution of the internal sources based on experimental measurements of the angular dependence of the emergent radiation. First, a system of differential-integral equations for the emergent radiation is deduced. These are approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations, and some numerical results are given. Quasi-linearization is then used to solve the inverse problem numerically. The results of some computational experiments are given which indicate the sensitivity of the estimates of the source distribution to the observational errors in the emergent-radiation measurements. The methods can be generalized to the cases of anisotropic scattering and shell geometry.
Neutron insensitive depolymerization of polyacrylamide for californium‐252 photon dosimetry

A photon dosimeter based on degradation of polyacrylamide (PAA) in dilute aqueous solution has been found to be insensitive to neutrons from Cf-252, independent of photon energy from 34 keVeff to 1.33 MeV, and useful over a dose range of 1 to 100 Gy. Because this dilute polymer solution is virtually 100% water, it is nearly tissue equivalent for photon absorption as well as neutron scatter and attenuation. Radiation response was determined by measuring decreases in viscosity three days after irradiation. The measured response is dose rate independent from 10 to over 300 Gy/h but increases rapidly at lower dose rates. Long-term, radiation-induced viscosity changes were also observed. The many advantages of this tissue equivalent system for photon/neutron dosimetry suggest the need for further studies of the observed over-response at low dose rates.
The problem of plagiarism

Unfortunately, the frequency of plagiarism is increasing in the nursing profession. We are encouraged to write, especially those of us in academia, and we all live very active lives. Pressure to publish, especially when coupled with lack of time, can lead to plagiarism, whether inadvertent or not. This article will discuss the problem of plagiarism and provide tips on how to avoid it in your own work.
Use of a third-generation perfluorocarbon for preservation of rat DCD liver grafts.

Background Cold storage in any of the commonly used preservation solutions is not always adequate for donation after cardiac death (DCD) liver grafts due to prolonged warm ischemic time. In this study, we used a third-generation perfluorocarbon (PFC), Oxycyte, for DCD liver graft preservation in a rat model. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight rats (14 in each group) were used. Thirty minutes after cardiopulmonary arrest, livers were harvested and flushed with a cold and pre-oxygenated solution of either University of Wisconsin (UW) or UW + 20% PFC. After 8 h of cold preservation in either of the investigated solutions, liver graft specimens were analyzed for evidence of ischemic injury. Hemotoxylin and eosin staining (H and E), as well as immunohistochemical analysis with anti-cleaved caspase 3 antibody, was performed. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the preservation solution were analyzed at 1 and 8 h during preservation. Results In the PFC group, the degree of cell congestion, vacuolization and necrosis were all significantly less than in the UW group (P = 0.002–0.004). The number of cells with a positive cleaved caspase 3 antibody reaction was reduced by about 50% in comparison with the UW group (P Conclusion The addition of PFC to UW solution significantly decreases the degree of histologic damage in rat DCD liver grafts. This preservation strategy can be potentially helpful for organ preservation after prolonged warm ischemia.
Isolation of separate Fc receptors for IgG complexed to antigen and native IgG from a murine leukaemia

RECENT studies have suggested that membrane receptors for the Fc region of IgG (Fc receptors) may be heterogeneous structures with distinctive binding properties1–5. Walker has reported that a single cell line may possess separate Fc receptors for IgG molecules of different subclass1, and Heusser et al. have demonstrated that macrophage-like cell lines may possess two distinct receptors: one which binds monomeric IgG2a, and another which binds to aggregates of all subclasses2. Unkeless recently reported that a variant clone of the P388D1 mouse macrophage line had the same number of binding sites for IgG2a as the parent line, but only 10% of the binding sites for rabbit IgG in the form of soluble antigen–antibody complexes, suggesting the presence of two distinct Fc receptors3. The molecular identity of Fc receptors remains uncertain since few structural studies defining these membrane components are currently available6–8. In this study we demonstrate that several glycoproteins with Fc binding activity can be isolated from the plasma membranes of L1210 cells, and provide structural evidence that separate receptors may be responsible for binding IgG which has been complexed with antigen, and monomeric or aggregated IgG.
A Non‐Covalent Approach for Depositing Spatially Selective Materials on Surfaces

We describe a new method for depositing patterned materials, based on non-covalent trapping of ligands in solvent-templated nanocavities created in aromatic, self-assembled monolayer or polymer films. A model has been developed and tested to describe nanocavity formation and the ligand adsorption process, which occurs via ligand exclusion from ambient, aqueous solution into the hydrophobic nanocavities. Ligand adsorption rates and ligand adsorbate reactivity with solution species are governed by ligand size/geometry design factors identified using the model. Spatial control of adsorption is achieved via film photochemical changes that inhibit subsequent ligand adsorption/accessibility (UV or X-ray) or displacement of entrapped ligands (50 keV electron-beam) during film patterning. The reactivity of the adsorbed ligand is illustrated by the selective binding of Pd I I species that catalyze electroless metal deposition. Fabrication of high-resolution (=50 nm), positive-tone patterns in nickel with acceptable feature-edge acuity and critical dimension control ( 5 %) is demonstrated.