cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation of viable sperm cells from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Viable sperm cells of Nicotiana tabacum were isolated by the semi-vivo technique. After pollination, excised styles were floated, cut end immersed, in a solution of 15% sucrose with 0.01% boric acid and 0.03% Ca(NO3)2 at 27 degrees C in a growth chamber until pollen tubes emerged. After sperm cells were formed (at least 8 h after pollination) tubes were immersed in a 9% mannitol solution. In this solution, sperm cells are nearly ellipsoidal and retain viability for over 6 h.
X-ray detection using the quantum-well exciton nonlinearity

Two related schemes for detecting X-rays based on (1) the scattering and (2) the reflection of a pulsed optical probe beam by carriers produced by the absorption of a single energetic X-ray photon are described. The detection method is based on the strong carrier density dependence of the (complex) index of refraction of the exciton absorption lines in a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structure. These schemes can be used to construct a class of very sensitive gated X-ray detectors with micron spatial resolution and temporal resolution in the 10-30-ps regime. >
Subunit compositions of Arabidopsis RNA polymerases I and III reveal Pol I- and Pol III-specific forms of the AC40 subunit and alternative forms of the C53 subunit

Using affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we identified the subunits of Arabidopsis thaliana multisubunit RNA polymerases I and III (abbreviated as Pol I and Pol III), the first analysis of their physical compositions in plants. In all eukaryotes examined to date, AC40 and AC19 subunits are common to Pol I (a.k.a. Pol A) and Pol III (a.k.a. Pol C) and are encoded by single genes. Surprisingly, A. thaliana and related species express two distinct AC40 paralogs, one of which assembles into Pol I and the other of which assembles into Pol III. Changes at eight amino acid positions correlate with the functional divergence of Pol I- and Pol III-specific AC40 paralogs. Two genes encode homologs of the yeast C53 subunit and either protein can assemble into Pol III. By contrast, only one of two potential C17 variants, and one of two potential C31 variants were detected in Pol III. We introduce a new nomenclature system for plant Pol I and Pol III subunits in which the 12 subunits that are structurally and functionally homologous among Pols I through V are assigned equivalent numbers.
Comparative Human Salivary and Plasma Proteomes

The protein compositions, or the proteomes, found in human salivary and plasma fluids are compared. From recent experimental work by many laboratories, a catalogue of 2290 proteins found in whole saliva has been compiled. This list of salivary proteins is compared with the 2698 proteins found in plasma. Approximately 27% of the whole-saliva proteins are found in plasma. However, despite this apparent low degree of overlap, the distribution found across Gene Ontological categories, such as molecular function, biological processes, and cellular components, shows significant similarities. Moreover, nearly 40% of the proteins that have been suggested to be candidate markers for diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke can be found in whole saliva. These comparisons and correlations should encourage researchers to consider the use of saliva to discover new protein markers of disease and as a diagnostic non-proximal fluid to detect early signs of disease throughout the body.
Composition and Diagnosis of Pine Tip Moth Infestations In the Southeast

Three species of Rhyacionia tip moths (Olethreutidae) attack pine trees in the Southeastern United States. Identification of adults reared from 22 samples of infested pine tips collected in 7 States showed that nearly half the samples contained more than 1 species of tip moth. Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) was present in all samples. In samples of mixed composition, the second species was either R. rigidana (Fernald) or R. subtropica Miller. Binomial confidence intervals are proposed for practical use in diagnosing the species involved in infestations from samples of identified moths. Further, a guide is presented to help identify the species of larval and adult specimens. Setal characters are used for differentiation of tip moth larvae, and wing color pattern, wing length, and genital characters for differentiation of adults.
Sigmodont rodents (Mammalia; Muroidea; Sigmodontinae) from the Pliocene (early Blancan) Verde Formation, Arizona

ABSTRACT Muroid rodents recovered from sediments of the Verde Formation, central Arizona, aged at about 4 Ma, include species belonging to the subfamily Sigmodontinae. These are Calomys (Bensonomys) arizonae (Phyllotini), Sigmodon medius and Prosigmodon holocuspis, new species (Sigmodontini), and Jacobsomys verdensis, new genus and species. The latter genus shares some dental characters with the Oryzomyini and Akodontini, and also with the extant South American genus Zygodontomys. The mid-Pliocene diversity of sigmodont rodents in the Verde Formation gives further evidence of a late Tertiary diversification of cricetids in southwestern North America, and also tends to support the idea that some differentiation of sigmodontines had taken place in North America prior to the establishment of the Panama land bridge between 2.5 and 3.5 Ma. However, the Verde rodents, which lived at 4 Ma, were too late to have been members of a postulated flotilla of cricetids reaching South America at 6 to 7 Ma.
Ultrasound in the changing approaches to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

: Advances in ultrasound technology have not only refined this modality for diagnostic purposes, but have also extended its utility to the realm of treatment. Specific patient populations benefit from the addition of ultrasound to mammographic screening, such as those with BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations or a personal or family history of breast cancer. Ultrasound is of particular benefit in guiding wire localization under sedation, as well as in guiding core biopsies and fine-needle aspirations. Current ablative techniques, including radiofrequency, cryoablation and laser, are now incorporating ultrasound guidance to maximize efficacy. Furthermore, ultrasound has been found to have significant utility in guiding preablative core biopsies for definitive diagnosis, estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2/neu, and other markers. As a result of its proven utility, ultrasound is now undergoing evaluation for use in the removal of malignant breast lesions.
Interplanetary acceleration of relativistic electrons observed with Imp 7

The intensities of 0.22- to 0.5-MeV and 0.5- to 0.8-MeV electrons in interplanetary space following the Oct. 29, 1972, solar particle event have been observed by the IMP 7 satellite. Intensity variations associated with the SSC disturbance of 1655 UT on October 31 are interpreted as suggesting interplanetary acceleration. The results are consistent with an energy-dependent acceleration process which is most effective for electrons of about 0.4 MeV. This is the first reported interplanetary-shock-wave acceleration of relativistic electrons of which the authors are aware.
An Internal Standard for Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis Studies of Supported Catalysts

Siegbahn, who introduced the technique of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) for measuring binding energies of electrons in atoms, has summarized his work in two books.1,2 Several review articles have described the technique.3–6 Recent studies in these laboratories have been directed at the use of electron spectroscopy to investigate the structure of several supported metal oxides of interest in the field of catalysis. In the course of this work, we have encountered situations in which the most precise measurements possible are needed to be able to interpret with reasonable confidence relatively small shifts in electron energies. One of the important factors affecting precision, and the subject of this note, is the choice of the internal standard used. Siegbahn1 was the first to suggest that residual carbon, thought to arise mainly from vacuum pump oil contamination, could be used as an internal standard for binding energy measurements. This practice has been common in the field although some dissatisfaction with using carbon has developed.5 The use of carbon as an internal standard becomes complicated, of course, when the sample itself contains carbon. Our original ESCA studies on copper oxide supported on alumina8 utilized the carbon is energy for calibration. Subsequent work on supported catalysts has led to the use of alumina as a more satisfactory reference material.
The functional status of ESRD patients as measured by the Sickness Impact Profile.

This study describes and compares the perceived sickness-related behavioral dysfunction of 859 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients from 11 centers according to treatment modality via the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). The unadjusted functional status of ESRD patients differed significantly by treatment modality. Transplantation patients were least functionally limited followed in order by home dialysis, continuous peritoneal dialysis, and in-center dialysis patients. The largest overall differences were for the sleep and rest, work, recreation and pastimes, and home management SIP categories. Regression analysis revealed that many of the large observed intermodality differences in functional status may have resulted from casemix variations (e.g. age and comorbidity differences). Only SIP score differences between transplantation and other treatment modality patients remained significant following the introduction of casemix controls. Results do not justify choosing one dialysis modality over another because of differences in perceived dysfunction.
Some game theory anecdotes

Abstract After 1944, economists learned about Johnny von Neumann’s two-person zero-sum game theory and Nash’s non-cooperative game solution. The present discussion links the Nash analysis back to much earlier 1838 Cournot duopoly theory. And it links the von Neumann breakthrough to earlier and independent perceptions of how randomization provides existent minimax solution to a two-person zero-sum game.
Law enforcement in court: Role identity and interpersonal relations training of deputy sheriffs

This study examines the structure of the role perceptions of self as deputy sheriff, average deputy, and ideal deputy and the effect of interpersonal relations training on those perceptions. Two-day interpersonal relations training sessions were conducted in small groups for 177 courtroom deputy sheriffs. The sheriffs were assigned randomly to three conditions: pretraining testing, posttraining testing, and pre- and posttraining testing. Factor analyses revealed a consistent structure of three factors for all three role perceptions: an evaluation factor, a potency factor, and a machismo factor. Scores on the potency factor discriminated among ideal, self, and average role perceptions. Machismo factor scores declined after training for ideal and self role perceptions. No test sensitization effects were evident.
Effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine treatment on potassium efflux from isolated rat diaphragm: role of increased permeability in the thermogenic response.

Studies on the effect of T3 administration on the rate of passive potassium ion efflux from rat diaphragm have been carried out in an effort to define the mechanisms of the thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone. In particular, the effects of T3 on passive potassium ion movements have been examined in an attempt to distinguish between a primary stimulatory effect of thyroid hormone on active transport per se as opposed to one on passive cation permeability, in turn leading to the enhancement of steady-state ATP hydrolysis reflected in the thermogenic response. We show here that in rat diaphragm, a tissue in which previous studies have established a clear-cut thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone as well as an increase in ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption and Na,K-ATPase activity, passive K+ efflux can be studied in vitro under conditions where fractional efflux rates are stable for prolonged periods of time and are amenable to simple and precise measurement. In this tissue, in which a primary stimulatio...
Amido/phosphine pincer hydrides of ruthenium

The chemistry of the ligand (R2PCH2SiMe2)2N− (R = cyclohexyl and tBu), “PNP-R”, on ruthenium is developed, including RuH(PNP-Cy)(PPh3) and (HPNP-R)RuH3Cl. The latter contains a protonated nitrogen (i.e., amine as a donor to Ru) and one H2 ligand (X-ray structure for R = tBu). This compound can be dehydrohalogenated to give (PNP-Cy)RuH3, which undergoes H/D exchange of D2 into its cyclohexyl rings, and is itself dehydrogenated by excess H2CCHR to give [Cy2PCH2SiMe2NSiMe2CH2PCy(C6H8)] Ru, which contains a triply dehydrogenated cyclohexyl ring π-allyl bonded to Ru. (PNP-Cy)RuH3 reacts with dihydrofurans to give the heteroatom-stabilized carbene complex (PNP-Cy)RuH[CO(CH2)3].
Myeloid hematopoietic growth factors and their role in prevention and/or treatment of neonatal sepsis.

Sepsis continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among both full-term and preterm infants, secondary to an immaturity in neonatal host defense. The incidence of neonatal sepsis ranges from 30% in very low birth weight infants to 0.4% in preterm neonates and 0.1% in term neonates. The dysregulation of the expression and production of hematopoietic cytokines in the neonate contributes to quantitative and qualitative deficiencies in neonatal myeloid progenitor activity and decreased availability and function of mature effector neutrophils. These abnormalities contribute in large part to the increased incidence and mortality associated with neonatal sepsis. In this review, we have summarized and analyzed the studies investigating the dysregulation, expression and production of myelopoietic growth factors in neonates, the preclinical in vivo effects of myelopoietic growth factors in neonatal animals, the preclinical in vivo effects of myelopoietic growth factors during experimental sepsis in neonatal animals, the in vitro effects of growth factors on human neonatal phagocytic immunity, and clinical results of myelopoietic growth factors in human neonates. Future studies should be focused on investigating other abnormalities of neonatal host defense and multiple and simultaneous approaches to circumvent identified defects to attempt to reduce both the incidence and severity of neonatal host defense
The Risk of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza: Prospects for Control

Seasonal influenza is an underappreciated cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Seasonal vaccination of individuals in groups at high risk of complications has long been recommended. However, there has been a gradual expansion of the recommended groups for annual influenza immunization in order to reduce the incidence of uncomplicated infection, to alleviate the impact of seasonal influenza on health care, and to simplify the application of recommendations. The threat of an influenza pandemic, heightened by recent cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza in humans, requires continued efforts in preparedness. Strategies for the control of pandemic influenza must include vaccines, antiviral drugs, and nonpharmaceutical interventions like school closure and voluntary quarantine around cases. The prophylactic efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors, previously observed in household studies, suggests that they will be a useful adjunct to voluntary quarantine. Stockpiles of antiviral drugs are being established for therapeutic and perhaps preventive use for pandemic influenza.
Identifying bilateral pairs of deer (Odocoileus sp.) bones: how symmetrical is symmetrical enough?

Identifying bilaterally paired bones in zooarchaeological collections rests on the assumption that left and right skeletal elements from the same organism will be symmetrical. Bilaterally paired bones in an individual are, however, typically asymmetrical to some degree, demanding that the question ‘‘How symmetrical is symmetrical enough to identify a bilateral pair?’’ be answered with control data. The degree of symmetry chosen, or tolerance, will influence both how many true pairs in an archaeological collection are not identified (type I error) and how many false pairs are identified (type II error). Bivariate measures of 60 pairs of astragali and 48 pairs of distal humeri of deer (Odocoileus virginianus and O. hemionus) indicate that both sorts of error are frequent even when a conservative level of tolerance (� average asymmetry) is used. Simulation of an archaeological collection indicates that as sample size increases, frequencies of both kinds of error increase. Application of the matching criteria and tolerance level to an archaeological collection underscores that the analytical requirements of identifying paired bones are steep. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Trends in Long Head Biceps Tenodesis

Background:Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon has become a popular surgical treatment option for patients with pain or instability attributed to a diseased or unstable biceps tendon. No previous studies have characterized the practice patterns of surgeons performing biceps tenodesis in the United States.Purpose:To investigate current trends in both arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis across time, sex, age, and region of the United States as well as associated charges.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:Patients who underwent biceps tenodesis (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 23430 and 29828) for the years 2008 through 2011 were identified using the PearlDiver Patient Record Database, including both private-payer and Medicare data. These cohorts were then assessed for associated diagnoses using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, codes and concomitant procedures using CPT codes. These searches yielded procedural volumes, sex and age distribution...
Control of oscillation periods and phase durations in half-center central pattern generators: a comparative mechanistic analysis

Central pattern generators (CPGs) consisting of interacting groups of neurons drive a variety of repetitive, rhythmic behaviors in invertebrates and vertebrates, such as arise in locomotion, respiration, mastication, scratching, and so on. These CPGs are able to generate rhythmic activity in the absence of afferent feedback or rhythmic inputs. However, functionally relevant CPGs must adaptively respond to changing demands, manifested as changes in oscillation period or in relative phase durations in response to variations in non-patterned inputs or drives. Although many half-center CPG models, composed of symmetric units linked by reciprocal inhibition yet varying in their intrinsic cellular properties, have been proposed, the precise oscillatory mechanisms operating in most biological CPGs remain unknown. Using numerical simulations and phase-plane analysis, we comparatively investigated how the intrinsic cellular features incorporated in different CPG models, such as subthreshold activation based on a slowly inactivating persistent sodium current, adaptation based on slowly activating calcium-dependent potassium current, or post-inhibitory rebound excitation, can contribute to the control of oscillation period and phase durations in response to changes in excitatory external drive to one or both half-centers. Our analysis shows that both the sensitivity of oscillation period to alterations of excitatory drive and the degree to which the duration of each phase can be separately controlled depend strongly on the intrinsic cellular mechanisms involved in rhythm generation and phase transitions. In particular, the CPG formed from units incorporating a slowly inactivating persistent sodium current shows the greatest range of oscillation periods and the greatest degree of independence in phase duration control by asymmetric inputs. These results are explained based on geometric analysis of the phase plane structures corresponding to the dynamics for each CPG type, which in particular helps pinpoint the roles of escape and release from synaptic inhibition in the effects we find.
Pretend play processes and anxiety: Considerations for the play therapist

This study investigated the effect of anxiety on play processes in 43 first-, second-, and third-grade children. Using a mood-induction procedure, this study compared processes in play among children randomized to an anxious or neutral mood-induction procedure. Children were assessed using the Affect in Play Scale pre- and post-moodinduction. In addition, this study examined relationships between pretend play processes and self-reported state and trait anxiety levels using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Findings demonstrated a significant negative relationship between baseline state anxiety level and organization of the play narrative. Consistent with previous research, children in both conditions significantly improved on multiple play scores over time. Although pretend play processes were not significantly affected by condition assignment, further analysis with a more sensitive measure of affect in play revealed a significant interaction between state anxiety and condition assignment on the amount of positive affect expressed in play. Results indicate that play processes can improve with time and greater state anxiety may impact organization and affective processes in play. Implications for play therapy are discussed in terms of the potential impact anxiety has on play processes.
Secure Web Browsing with the OP Web Browser

Current Web browsers are plagued with vulnerabilities, providing hackers with easy access to computer systems via browser-based attacks. Browser security efforts that retrofit existing browsers have had limited success because the design of modern browsers is fundamentally flawed. To enable more secure web browsing, we design and implement a new browser, called the OP Web browser, that attempts to improve the state-of-the-art in browser security. Our overall design approach is to combine operating system design principles with formal methods to design a more secure Web browser by drawing on the expertise of both communities. Our overall design philosophy is to partition the browser into smaller subsystems and make all communication between subsystems simple and explicit. At the core of our design is a small browser kernel that manages the browser subsystems and interposes on all communications between them to enforce our new browser security features. To show the utility of our browser architecture, we design and implement three novel security features. First, we develop novel and flexible security policies that allows us to include plugins within our security framework. Our policy removes the burden of security from plugin writers, and gives plugins the flexibility to use innovative network architectures to deliver content while still maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of our browser, even if attackers compromise the plugin. Second, we use formal methods to prove that the address bar displayed within our browser user interface always shows the correct address for the current Web page. Third, we design and implement a browser-level information-flow tracking system to enable post-mortem analysis of browser-based attacks. If an attacker is able to compromise our browser, we highlight the subset of total activity that is causally related to the attack, thus allowing users and system administrators to determine easily which Web site lead to the compromise and to assess the damage of a successful attack. To evaluate our design, we implemented OP and tested both performance and filesystem impact. To test performance, we measure latency to verify OP's performance penalty from security features are be minimal from a users perspective. Our experiments show that on average the speed of the OP browser is comparable to Firefox and the audit log occupies around 80 KB per page on average.
Three-dimensional data merging using holoimage

Three-dimensional data merging is vital for full-field three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. All 3D range data patches, acquired from either different sensors or the same sensor in different viewing angles, have to be merged into a single piece to facilitate future data analysis. A novel method for 3D data merging using Holoimage is proposed. Similar to the 3D shape measurement system using a phase-shifting method, Holoimage is a phase-shifting–based computer synthesized fringe image. The 3D information is retrieved from Holoimage using a phase-shifting method. If two patches of 3D data with overlapping areas are rendered by OpenGL, the overlapping areas are resolved by the graphics pipeline, that is, only the front geometry can be visualized. Therefore, the merging is performed if the front geometry information can be obtained. Holoimage is to obtain the front geometry by projecting the fringe patterns onto the rendered scene. We also demonstrated that each point of the geometry in the overlapping area can be obtained by averaging the corresponding point of the geometries reconstructed from Holoimage for each patch. Moreover, using Holoimage, the texture can also be obtained. Both simulation and experiments demonstrated the success of the proposed method.
SU(2) squeezing in the optical Bloch equations

It is pointed out that the steady-state solutions of the optical Bloch equations can exhibit SU(2) squeezing for suitable ratios of the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times. This augments my recent observation [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B3, 1712 ( 1986)] of squeezing in the transient solutions and also establishes more closely the parallel with atomic squeezing in resonance fluorescence.
Cracking taste codes by tapping into sensory neuron impulse traffic

Insights into the biological basis for mammalian taste quality coding began with electrophysiological recordings from "taste" nerves and this technique continues to produce essential information today. Chorda tympani (geniculate ganglion) neurons, which are particularly involved in taste quality discrimination, are specialists or generalists. Specialists respond to stimuli characterized by a single taste quality as defined by behavioral cross-generalization in conditioned taste tests. Generalists respond to electrolytes that elicit multiple aversive qualities. Na(+)-salt (N) specialists in rodents and sweet-stimulus (S) specialists in multiple orders of mammals are well characterized. Specialists are associated with species' nutritional needs and their activation is known to be malleable by internal physiological conditions and contaminated external caloric sources. S specialists, associated with the heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor T1R, and N specialists, associated with the epithelial sodium channel ENaC, are consistent with labeled line coding from taste bud to afferent neuron. Yet, S-specialist neurons and behavior are less specific than T1R2-3 in encompassing glutamate and E generalist neurons are much less specific than a candidate, PDK TRP channel, sour receptor in encompassing salts and bitter stimuli. Specialist labeled lines for nutrients and generalist patterns for aversive electrolytes may be transmitting taste information to the brain side by side. However, specific roles of generalists in taste quality coding may be resolved by selecting stimuli and stimulus levels found in natural situations. T2Rs, participating in reflexes via the glossopharynygeal nerve, became highly diversified in mammalian phylogenesis as they evolved to deal with dangerous substances within specific environmental niches. Establishing the information afferent neurons traffic to the brain about natural taste stimuli imbedded in dynamic complex mixtures will ultimately "crack taste codes."
Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib: A left hook and a right punch

Bortezomib (a.k.a. as velcade or PS-341) is used in the clinic to treat multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (Dou and Zonder, 2014). In addition to the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, the effectiveness of the bortezomib depends largely on the difference in drug sensitivity of the target (cancer) cells compared with other cells in the body. For bortezomib this is particularly relevant as it targets a protein complex that is essential for life in all cells. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to understand why different cells show different levels of sensitivity to this drug. The work presented in this issue of EBioMedicine by Pitcher et al. (2015--in this issue), provides a new and intriguing explanation for the exquisite sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to bortezomib.
Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems

Flat appearance-based systems, which combine clever image representations with standard classifiers, might be the most effective way to recognize objects using current technologies. In the future, however, it seems probable that hierarchical representations might have better performance. In such systems, the image representation consists of a sequence of sets of features, where each subsequent set is computed based on the previous sets. The main contributions of this paper are to: (1) pose the question "what is the best way to employ discriminative methods for hierarchical image representations?"; (2) enumerate some of the alternative hierarchies while drawing connections to recent work by brain researchers; (3) study experimentally the different alternatives. As we will show, the strategy used can make a substantial difference.
Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning

We consider the problem of building high-level, class-specific feature detectors from only unlabeled data. For example, is it possible to learn a face detector using only unlabeled images using unlabeled images? To answer this, we train a 9-layered locally connected sparse autoencoder with pooling and local contrast normalization on a large dataset of images (the model has 1 billion connections, the dataset has 10 million 200×200 pixel images downloaded from the Internet). We train this network using model parallelism and asynchronous SGD on a cluster with 1,000 machines (16,000 cores) for three days. Contrary to what appears to be a widely-held intuition, our experimental results reveal that it is possible to train a face detector without having to label images as containing a face or not. Control experiments show that this feature detector is robust not only to translation but also to scaling and out-of-plane rotation. We also find that the same network is sensitive to other high-level concepts such as cat faces and human bodies. Starting with these learned features, we trained our network to obtain 15.8% accuracy in recognizing 20,000 object categories from ImageNet, a leap of 70% relative improvement over the previous state-of-the-art.
Unexpected Perspectives

In a beautiful world of blue flowers, an organic character who is divided from the environment operates his harvesting machine. After an unexpected event he must make a realization about the outside world. Copyright held by creator.
The First “A” in the ADA: And 25 More “A”s Toward Equality for Americans With Disabilities

Abstract This article, based on my remarks at the 2015 tenBroek Symposium panel on “The Future of Disability,” focuses on the first “A” in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). That first “A” in the ADA's law and policy framework is to apply to all qualified individuals with disabilities residing, working, recreating, using the web, and engaged in daily life activities with private and public organizations in the United States.
Handlungsempfehlungen und praktische Implikation

In dem nachfolgenden Kapitel werden aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen dieser Arbeit Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Diese Empfehlungen haben das Ziel fur Wissenschaft und Praxis hilfreich zu sein und Implikationsvorschlage abzugeben. Eine besondere Herausforderung ist es, Mitarbeiter in den Prozess der Befragung und der anschliesenden Folgeprozesse zu integrieren, um sie damit starker zu Beteiligten des Change Management zu machen.
The Experiences of Advanced Practice Nurses Caring for Patients with Substance Use Disorder and Chronic Pain

Management of chronic pain is a challenge shared by healthcare providers in various clinical settings. The epidemic of opioid misuse has escalated this challenge. A gap exists in understanding barriers and facilitators to practices of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) caring for patients with chronic pain and substance use disorder (SUD). The purpose of this study was to examine the APRNs' experiences while caring for patients with coexisting SUD and chronic pain to help envision better ways to manage pain and direct educational initiatives. Qualitative narrative method. Telephone interviews. Twenty APRNs caring for patients with coexisting SUD and chronic pain were recruited nationwide through the American Society for Pain Management Nursing list serve. Semistructured interviews with thematic analysis. Participants identified 1) a shift of patients from other healthcare providers into the APRNs' practices; 2) barriers to accessing nonmedical modalities for managing pain, including insurance coverage, geographic location, and the patient's desire for only medication management; 3) the role of the APRN in caring for this population contained subthemes of educating and guiding patients through a process of change, applying risk strategies to keep patients safe, and educating colleagues on implementing risk management strategies while prescribing opioids. The APRNs identified barriers to providing care for patients with coexisting SUD and chronic pain. They also described the role of APRNs in providing focused education regarding risk management strategies for assessment, prescribing opioids to manage pain, and minimizing risk.
Oracle Directory Services Installation and Configuration

Oracle offers multiple options for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) data storage. Oracle Internet Directory (OID) and Oracle Unified Directory (OUD) both provide storage, and Oracle Virtual Directory (OVD) allows multiple disparate LDAP stores to be presented as a single source.
Mutations Required for Lymphoid Leukemogenesis Are Not Required for c-Myc to Rapidly Induce Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Dysregulation of c-Myc is one of the critical oncogenic events required for tumorigenesis in many tissue types. Although c-Myc has been shown to block differentiation of leukemic and normal myeloid cells and is activated by oncogenes commonly found in leukemia, its exact role in myeloid leukmogenesis remains elusive. When c-Myc is over-expressed in the lymphoid compartment, Eμ-Myc transgenic mice develop B-cell lymphomas only after a prolonged latency and require additional mutations to inhibit apoptosis, most commonly by disrupting the Arf-Mdm2-p53 pathway. Although this model has been well used to dissect pathways of Myc-induced lymphomagenesis, there is currently no efficient model with which to study the role of c-Myc in AML. In this study, we utilized a retroviral gene transfer system (MSCV-Myc) to introduce c-Myc into unfractionated murine bone marrow that was subsequently transplanted into syngeneic mice. Surprisingly, 100% of transplanted mice (N=110) from three different strains, developed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) characterized by rapid onset, hemiparesis, splenomegaly and infiltration of the marrow and spleen with myeloblasts. c-Myc protein level was comparable to the Eμ-Myc tumors. Disease latency was short (median survival=38 days). MSCV-Myc-induced tumors were oligoclonal, did not display significant cytogenetic abnormalities by SKY analysis, and were exclusively of myeloid origin. These tumors contained germline configuration of the Ink4A locus and wild type coding region of the p53, Arf and Ink4a. Also, the p53 target gene p21 in Myc expressing cells responded normally to gamma irradiation. These data demonstrate that c-Myc induced AML development without disrupting the Arf-p53 pathway and suggest that cooperating mutations were not required for the development of AML. In contrast, using the same retroviral system, lymphoid leukemia developed only if c-Myc and Bcl-2 were co-expressed or if Ink4a was mutated. Tumors from Bcl-2/c-Myc transplanted mice were comprised of a mixture of myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells. Similarly, mice transplanted with c-Myc transduced Ink4a−/− bone marrow developed leukemia that displayed a mixed phenotype of myeloid and lympoid lineages. Lastly, factor independent methylcellulose colonies induced by Myc were exclusively of myeloid lineage suggesting as intrinsic difference between myeloid and lymphoid cells in response to Myc. Our data imply that dysregulation of c-Myc is sufficient to induce AML and provide direct evidence that Myc is an important downstream target in myeloid leukemogenesis.
The disconnected shunt: a window of opportunities.

Shunt disconnection (SD), or migration of the distal end to extra-peritoneal tissues, may lead to shunt malfunction or be diagnosed incidentally. We present a systematic approach for treatment options that is tailored to each patient’s personalized history, CSF physiology, and distribution (MRI), as well as a careful informed consent process. We present two algorithms, for symptomatic and asymptomatic SD. In cases presenting with symptomatic elevated intracranial pressure, a distal shunt revision (DSR), or, in selected patients, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), should be performed. In asymptomatic patients, several options exist. The first decision is whether to intervene or follow. When action is recommended, a planned shunt revision is possible. The other option is to externalize the shunt and close it under careful clinical and radiological follow-up. Patients are then stratified to three main groups—those that are not shunt dependent, those that have radiological evidence of obstructed hydrocephalus, and the remaining patients. Patients are accordingly treated by ligation of the shunt without or with an endoscopic third ventriculostomy or with a distal shunt revision. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with a shunt disconnection. Seventeen were diagnosed at screening tests, while four were presented with shunt malfunction symptoms. Sixteen incidental cases were followed (3–111 months, 39 ± 37), of which three became symptomatic. One patient had an elective ETV followed by a DSR, and three followed-up patients became symptomatic and thus underwent surgery. All symptomatic patients underwent treatment (5 DSR, 2 ETV). Shunt disconnection opens a window of opportunities into better understanding the pathophysiology of the hydrocephalic process in a specific patient. Distal shunt revision or ETV (in selected patients) is indicated in symptomatic cases. In asymptomatic patients, options exist. Choosing between those options mandates a careful individual assessment and a detailed informed consent process.
PROSPECTIVE FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE TESTING AND RELATIONSHIP TO LOWER EXTREMITY INJURY INCIDENCE IN ADOLESCENT SPORTS PARTICIPANTS.

BACKGROUND: Due to the high number of adolescent athletes and subsequent lower extremity injuries, improvements of injury prevention strategies with emphasis on clinic-based and practical assessments are warranted. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate if a battery of functional performance tests (FPT) could be used as a preseason-screening tool to identify adolescent athletes at risk for sports-related acute lower extremity injury via comparison of injured and uninjured subjects. METHODS: One hundred adolescent volleyball, basketball and soccer athletes (female, n=62; male, n=38; mean age = 14.4 ± 1.6) participated. The FPT assessment included: triple hop for distance, star excursion balance test, double leg lowering maneuver, drop jump video test, and multi-stage fitness test. Composite scores were calculated using a derived equation. Subjects were monitored throughout their designated sport season(s), which consisted of a six-month surveillance period. The schools certified athletic trainer (ATC) recorded all injuries. Subjects were categorized into groups according to sex and injury incidence (acute lower extremity injury vs. uninjured) for analysis. RESULTS: Mean FPT composite scores were significantly lower for the injured compared to the uninjured groups in both sexes (males: 19.06 ± 3.59 vs. 21.90 ± 2.44; females: 19.48 ± 3.35 vs. 22.10 ± 3.06 injured and uninjured, respectively)(p CONCLUSION: A comprehensive assessment of functional performance tests may be beneficial to identify high-injury risk adolescents prior to athletic participation. Language: en
Family Presence in the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department: A Metasynthesis

Few findings from qualitative studies about family presence in intensive care units (ICU) and emergency departments (ED) have been synthesized, despite a renewed appreciation and interest in incorporating qualitative studies in systematic reviews of evidence-based practice. We synthesized findings from 17 qualitative studies on family presence and the experiences of patients, families, and nurses. The essential themes of emotional support, feelings of safety and comfort, knowing, understanding, being informed, and being engaged emerged from the review synthesis. An overarching theme of family coping during stressful times, such as hospitalization, is described as system support and noted in the literature as a component of family resilience. We recommend that further studies be conducted to relate supportive behaviors of critical care nurses to family functioning and provide empirical evidence for further development of the theory of family resilience.
Fluid-driven uplift at Long Valley Caldera, California: Geologic perspectives

Abstract Since persistent seismicity began in the Sierra Nevada adjacent to Long Valley caldera in 1978–1980, intracaldera unrest has been marked by (1) episodes of uplift totaling ~ 83 cm, centered on the middle Pleistocene resurgent dome, and (2) recurrent earthquake swarms along a 12-km-long segment of the caldera's ring-fault zone that is contiguous with both the dome and the Sierran seismogenic domain. Others have attributed the recent unrest to magmatic intrusion(s), but it is argued here that evidence for new magma is lacking and that ongoing uplift and ring-fault-zone seismicity are both promoted by ascent of aqueous fluid released by second boiling of the residue of the enormous Pleistocene rhyolitic reservoir terminally crystallizing at depths ≥ 10 km. For 2 Myr, eruptive vent clusters migrated southwestward from Glass Mountain to Mammoth Mountain. There has been no eruption on the resurgent dome since 500 ka, and since 230 ka volcanism has been restricted to the caldera's west moat and contiguous Sierran terrain, both outside the structural caldera. High-temperature hydrothermal activity in the central caldera waned after ~ 300 ka, cooling the Pleistocene rhyolitic focus to the extent that drilling on the resurgent dome found mid-caldera temperature to be only 100 °C and isothermal at depths of 2–3 km. Beneath most of the resurgent dome, there is little seismicity at any depth, no emission of magmatic CO 2 or other magmatic gases, no elevated 3 He/ 4 He ratios, and only normal to below-normal heat flow. Most of the 75-km-long ring-fault zone is likewise aseismic, excepting only the 12-km segment contiguous with the extracaldera seismogenic domain in the Sierra. Since 1980, the Sierran seismicity has released 3.6 times more cumulative seismic energy than have intracaldera earthquakes. The caldera seismicity is not driven by stresses associated with the adjacent uplift but, instead, by the extracaldera tectonic stressfield. Sierran seismicity activated the directly contiguous south-moat segment of the ring-fault zone, which had originated in the caldera-forming eruption at 767 ka and everywhere else remains sealed. Hypocenter relocation studies of 1000s of earthquakes along the seismic segment have resolved recurrent upward-migrating swarms within networks of cryptic faults, apparently triggered by rapidly ascending pulses of high-pressure low-viscosity aqueous fluid. Entering the brittle crust at depths of 8–10 km, such fluid is just what should be expected from second boiling of the late-stage CO 2 -poor rhyolitic residue. The fluid provides the pressure source above the apex of the crystallizing caldera-wide pluton and then escapes laterally to the newly reactivated southern segment of the ring-fault zone, its only available permeable pathway, where it mediates the ongoing south-moat seismicity.
Transforming the World in Which We Live: Laureate's Transnational Civic Learning Project.

Higher education serves as an agent of social change that plays a significant role in the development of socially conscious and engaged students. The duty higher education has toward society, the role for-profit educational institutions play in enhancing the public good, and the prospect of making social change an element of these providers’ missions are discussed. Laureate’s Global Citizenship Project is introduced, highlighting the development of the project’s civic engagement rubric and the challenges of assessing civic engagement.
Aluminum plasmonic nanoshielding in ultraviolet inactivation of bacteria

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an effective bacterial inactivation technique with broad applications in environmental disinfection. However, biomedical applications are limited due to the low selectivity, undesired inactivation of beneficial bacteria and damage of healthy tissue. New approaches are needed for the protection of biological cells from UV radiation for the development of controlled treatment and improved biosensors. Aluminum plasmonics offers attractive opportunities for the control of light-matter interactions in the UV range, which have not yet been explored in microbiology. Here, we investigate the effects of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) prepared by sonication of aluminum foil on the UVC inactivation of E. coli bacteria and demonstrate a new radiation protection mechanism via plasmonic nanoshielding. We observe direct interaction of the bacterial cells with Al NPs and elucidate the nanoshielding mechanism via UV plasmonic resonance and nanotailing effects. Concentration and wavelength dependence studies reveal the role and range of control parameters for regulating the radiation dosage to achieve effective UVC protection. Our results provide a step towards developing improved radiation-based bacterial treatments.
Q-model building using one-way wave-equation migration Q analysis — Part 2: 3D field-data test

In part one of this paper, we presented an inversion-based method, wave-equation migration Q analysis, to estimate the quality factor Q model for seismic attenuation. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, we applied this method to a 3D seismic dataset acquired in the North Sea. Attenuation problems caused by a shallow gas and a shallow channel are observed in this field. This study aims at characterizing these attenuation anomalies. These attenuation anomalies are correlated with low interval velocities. The provided velocity model does not accurately reflect the low-velocity anomalies. Therefore, we first applied wave-equation migration velocity analysis to update the provided velocity model. The updated velocity shows low velocity regions around the gas and channel features. The subsurface angle gathers migrated using the updated velocity model are flatter, and the events in the migrated images after velocity updating are more coherent. Then, we applied wave-equation migration Q analysis to inv...
Impact of Age and Body Mass Index on Anthropometry in Working Adults

Body segment parameters (BSPs) such as segment mass and center of mass are used as inputs in ergonomic design and biomechanical models to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. These models ...
Predictors of Medication Nonadherence From Outpatient Pharmacy Data Within a Large, Academic Health System.

Background:Medication nonadherence is a worldwide issue that can lead to poor clinical outcomes and increased health-care costs.Objective:To determine the predictors of medication nonadherence.Meth...