cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Douglas S. Campbell, Free Press v. Fair Trial: Supreme Court Decisions Since 1807. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1994. 264 pp. Cloth, $59.95.

(1994). Douglas S. Campbell, Free Press v. Fair Trial: Supreme Court Decisions Since 1807. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1994. 264 pp. Cloth, $59.95. American Journalism: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 178-179.
Nifedipine in the management of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis

Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of nifedipine as a tocolytic agent in women with preterm labor. Study Design A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Results Twenty-six trials (2179 women) were included. Nifedipine was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of delivery within 7 days of initiation of treatment and before 34 weeks' gestation, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal jaundice, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit when compared with β 2 -adrenergic-receptor agonists. There was no difference between nifedipine and magnesium sulfate in tocolytic efficacy. Nifedipine was associated with significantly fewer maternal adverse events than β 2 -adrenergic-receptor agonists and magnesium sulfate. Maintenance nifedipine tocolysis was ineffective in prolonging gestation or improving neonatal outcomes when compared with placebo or no treatment. Conclusion Nifedipine is superior to β 2 -adrenergic-receptor agonists and magnesium sulfate for tocolysis in women with preterm labor.
Clinical significance of renal biopsy in subacute lupus erythematosus.

Abstract The renal biopsy plays an important role in the clinical evaluation of patients with lupus erythematosus. From numerous studies of renal biopsies in patients with lupus nephritis, it has become clear that although renal lesions are quite varied, the pattern of renal involvement correlates well with the clinical outcome. The broad spectrum of the lesions seen in lupus nephritis has been attributed to individual differences in the immune response in different patients or in the same patient during the course of illness. A classification of lupus nephritis authorized by the World Health Organization is presented. The classification combines all of the morphologic modalities of biopsy interpretation and semiquantitative assessment of activity and chronicity. The clinical correlation of this histologic classification is emphasized and demonstrates that the specific nature of the renal histopathology can predict both the acute and long term course of renal disease in lupus nephropathy and be useful in determining the management of individual patients.
Toward electric vehicle trip prediction for a charging service provider

This paper outlines the need for and the requirements of trip prediction to optimally derive the charging behavior of plug-in electric vehicles. The information required for trip prediction by a charging-service provider is shown, and a novel trip prediction model is proposed. The proposed model is a semi-Markov model that predicts the next arrival location and the waiting time at the current location. Combining this with a prediction of the energy need and the duration of the trip to the predicted location provides a basis for determining the charging behavior. The proposed prediction model is compared with a naive predictor that uses yesterday's trips to predict today's trips. It is shown that the proposed model predicts the next location with 84% accuracy.
Hyperphosphorylation of EBNA2 by Epstein-Barr Virus Protein Kinase Suppresses Transactivation of the LMP1 Promoter

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BGLF4 gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (PK) that is expressed in the cytolytic cycle. EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a key latency gene essential for immortalization of B lymphocytes and transactivation of viral and cellular promoters. Here we report that EBV PK phosphorylates EBNA2 at Ser-243 and that these two proteins physically associate. PK suppresses EBNA2's ability to transactivate the LMP1 promoter, and Ser-243 of EBNA2 is involved in this suppression. Moreover, EBNA2 is hyperphosphorylated during EBV reactivation in latently infected B cells, which is associated with decreased LMP1 protein levels. This is the first report about the effect of EBV PK on the function of one of its target proteins and regulation of EBNA2 phosphorylation during the EBV lytic cycle.
An interdisciplinary collaboration in nursing education

Abstract This study seeks to better understand how collaboration between the Associates Degree Nursing and Education departments at a medium sized (5,000 student) urban college can provide an interactive learning experience for students. One faculty person from the Department of Nursing and one faculty person from the Education Department co-sponsored a joint project endeavor over a period of one year from the summer of 2007 until the summer of 2008. The collaboration was designed to create an intervention that would improve collegiality and student teaching-learning between the two departments. Collaboration between the two departments seemed logical because of the importance of teaching/learning and service to the community for both departments.
Confederate Florida: The Road to Olustee

This collection of 15 essays assesses the work of the women of the third generation of Southern writers. Among the authors examined are Alice Walker, Maya Angelou and Margaret Walker.
Interaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on platinum group metals

Abstract The coadsorption and interaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on a series of unsupported noble metal catalysts was studied in the temperature range 100–200 °C. In the case of platinum, CO was preferentially adsorbed from mixtures with H 2 and the resulting chemisorbed CO could not be completely removed by reduction and evacuation at 150 °C. With rhodium and iridium there was some evidence of interaction between the two gases and small amounts of methane were detected at 200 °C. Ruthenium and its alloys showed quite different behavior. Chemisorbed CO could be completely removed by reduction and evacuation at 150 °C, the adsorption of H 2 was enhanced by the presence of CO, and methane was formed at an appreciable rate at temperatures above 100 °C. On ruthenium, the activation energies for the reactions between CO and H 2 or D 2 were about 9 kcal/mole. The highly specific behavior of ruthenium in the methanation reaction is probably due to a lower affinity for CO than with the other noble metals.
Simultaneous determination of residues in pollen and high-fructose corn syrup from eight neonicotinoid insecticides by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The neonicotinoids have recently been identified as a potential contributing factor to the sudden decline in adult honeybee population, commonly known as colony collapse disorder (CCD). To protect the health of honeybees and other pollinators, a new, simple, and sensitive liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method was devel- oped and validated for simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoids, including acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, flonicamid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, in pollen and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). In this method, eight neonicotinoids, along with their isotope-labeled internal standards, were extracted from 2 g of pollen or 5 g of HFCS using an optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction procedure. The method limits of detection in pollen and HFCS matrices were 0.03 ng/g for acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam and ranged between 0.03 and 0.1 ng/g for nitenpyram and flonicamid. The precision and accuracy were well within the acceptable 20 % range. Selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, matrix effect, recov- ery, and stability in autosampler were also evaluated during validation. This validated method has been used success- fully in analyzing a set of pollen and HFCS samples col- lected for evaluating potential honeybee exposure to neonicotinoids.
Contextualizing diversity and culture within cancer control interventions for Latinas: Changing interventions, not cultures☆

While there is a growing interest in the development of cancer control intervention initiatives, there continues to be a need to understand how the nuances of different Latino cultures translate to opportunities and barriers for access to cancer screening and care. The diversity by country of origin for Latinas in the United States is often overlooked in cancer control initiatives, and the application of qualitative research can expose processes of inequity and cultural variation to improve these initiatives. This paper presents an interpretation of diverse Latina immigrants' perceptions, experiences and knowledge about breast and cervical cancer screening and demonstrates the use of the PEN-3 model to analyze these data to develop an effective outreach intervention. We conducted 13 focus groups consisting of a total of 112 Latinas in New York City (nine groups) and rural and urban sites in Arkansas (four groups) in 2003 through 2004. Through nonprobability theoretical sampling, we included women from Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Mexico in New York and recent Mexican immigrants in Arkansas. Findings demonstrated that country of origin and current geographic residency in the U.S. were significant determinants of women's perspectives on community-based religious organizations, knowledge of anatomy, experiences with the medical system, and access to services which are essential factors to consider in developing effective cancer control interventions. Although breast and cervical cancer are considered women's health issues, they cannot be addressed outside the sociopolitical structures of local communities, especially for the most recent immigrant women. Applying the PEN-3 framework to these data demonstrated a valuable method to interpret and transform qualitative data into intervention content and structure that responds to characteristics and perspectives within diverse Latino communities, such as gender relations, religious affiliations and experiences.
Survey Provides Insights About Recent Geoscience Graduates

Most new postsecondary geoscience graduates in the United States took an Earth science course in high school, 20% of those who graduated with master's and doctoral degrees did not have any postsecondary education chemistry courses, and nearly three quarters of master's graduates found positions within the oil and gas industry.
The mathematical tale of two teachers: A longitudinal study relating mathematics instructional practices to level of intellectual development

In this article the development of two teachers as they make the transition from pre-service teachers to experienced teachers is examined. While these teachers participated in the same mathematics methods course and similar collaborative environments in their practicum experiences, their mathematics classroom instructional practices revealed stark differences by the time they were experienced teachers. In an effort to investigate these differences, the teachers’ beliefs were explored in relation to those promoted in their pre-service course and in relation to their implementation of current mathematics education reform practices.
Current directions in automated medical image analysis

Medical images contain information (in two, three, and four dimensions) that is important to the clinician in diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. New methodologies and tools make it possible to extract, interpret, integrate, and display that information very effectively. This paper describes some of the application areas, gives examples of the tools now available and under development, identifies the benefits and costs of the new approaches, examines the issues in evaluation and validation, and looks at opportunities for further improvements.
RESISTANCE OF BHK21 HAMSTER CELLS TO SV40 PAPOVAVIRUS.

THE transformation of hamster cells in vitro and in vivo can be readily induced by papovaviruses, polyoma and SV40. The transformed cells are generally characterized by their distinctive morphology, and by their ability to induce tumours when inoculated into normal weanling hamsters, but not when inoculated into hamsters previously injected with the homologous virus1–7. Normal hamster cells do not produce tumours in hamsters, but Defendi et al.8 have reported that as few as 80 cells of a, clone derived from the BHK21 cell line9 would induce tumours in hamsters. These cells had not been exposed to either polyoma or SV40 virus. Other clones developed from the same cell line were less tumorigenic. Since these cells were ‘morphologically normal’ and had not been deliberately exposed to viruses, it was of interest to determine whether exposure to SV40 would alter their malignant properties, and whether animals inoculated with SV40 would resist challenge with the BHK21 cells that had been exposed to the virus.
The microwave spectrum and structure of the neon-phosphorus trifluoride complex

Abstract Symmetric top spectra were observed for the 20Ne·PF3 and 22Ne·PF3 van der Waals dimers using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The center-of-mass distance between Ne and PF3 is 3.373(3) A. The experimental data, in conjunction with the van der Waals radii of the atoms and with ab initio calculations, are consistent with the neon atom on the symmetry axis over the F3 face of the PF3. Normal mode analysis of the van der Waals vibrations based on the centrifugal distortion constants yields force constants fR = 0.00647 mdyn A−1 and fΘ = 0.00464 mdyn A for the 20Ne·PF3 isotopic species.
Addition of an implant pillar to an existing implant prosthesis

When an implant is lost, it is sometimes desirable to replace it to ensure adequate support of the prosthesis. Such an addition may necessitate a costly and time-consuming remake procedure. A technique is offered that, in some circumstances, may allow incorporation of the newly placed implant into the existing restoration.
Abstract C117: Preclinical pharmacokinetics of an antibody-drug conjugate targeting 5T4.

The pharmacokinetics of a novel antibody (huA1)-drug (auristatin tubulin inhibitor MMAF) conjugate, targeting 5T4-expressing cells, were obtained in female nu/nu mice after a single IV dose of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg and in male cynomolgus monkeys from a 2-cycle exploratory toxicity study at doses of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg/cycle. Plasma/serum samples, collected over a 336 hr period after dosing, were analyzed using an ELISA-based method for antibody and conjugate (ADC) as well as for the Auristatin payload using an LC/MS/MS method. A comparison across doses (1 − 10 mg/kg) suggests lower CL values at the higher doses (3 and 10 mg/kg) in mice. Exposure in the mouse at anti-tumor doses was within the exposure observed at nontoxic doses with the monkeys. The huA1 and conjugate toxicokinetic data in monkeys dosed with A1mcMMAF indicates that exposure (AUC) increases with increasing dose although it appears to increase in a greater than proportional manner at the higher doses. In both mice and monkeys, the elimination half-life was longer as the dose increased from 1 to 10 mg/kg (from 4.2 to 8.7 days in monkeys, respectively). Systemic exposure (as assessed by Cmax and AUC) of the released payload increased with increasing dose although exposure was very low and its pharmacokinetics appeared to be formation rate limited. The analytical data from these studies are being used to inform PKPD models, to both quantitatively characterize the system and ultimately provide dose projections for this ADC construct Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C117.
Assist-as-needed in lower extremity robotic therapy for children with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that can involve different brain and nervous system functions, the most prominent of which is movement. Recently, our lab developed the alpha-prototype of a novel pediatrie ankle robot to aid recovery of ankle function in children with CP ages 5 to 8 years old. In this paper, we describe an amalgamation of new concepts and ones inherited from our 20-year experience on robot-assisted therapy for the upper extremities. Our scope is to present an algorithm that tracks the performance of children and adapts accordingly two gameplay parameters, namely the game speed and the target width. Our proposed algorithm uses concepts derived from the speed-accuracy tradeoff in an attempt to expedite optimal therapeutic results.
Ambiguity group based location recognition for multiple power line outages in smart grids

The efficient location recognition of multiple outage lines is critical to not only cascading failure elimination but also repair cost reduction. Most of existing methods, however, fail to handle location recognition well. This failure typically occurs because the methods cannot overcome three challenges: the very limited number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), the high computational complexity, and the possibility of concurrent multiple outage lines. This paper presents an efficient algorithm inspired by the ambiguity group theory to recognize the most likely outage line locations with limited PMUs. Using IEEE 14-, 57-, and 118-bus system, the experimental study demonstrates that the proposed technique can successfully recognize the most likely multiple outage line locations with a reasonable computation complexity.
The High School "Space Race": Implications of a School-Choice Market Environment for a Michigan Metropolitan Region

This article examines the implications of competition between school districts in a mid-Michigan metropolitan area. Over the 10-year period after Michigan's major school-funding reform in 1994, many urban and suburban districts found themselves competing for per-pupil state funding. Suburban districts need extra students to make up budgetary shortfalls and protect instructional programs that are essential in today's political climate of school accountability. Several districts in this study built new or substantially renovated state-of-the-art high schools, possibly illustrating a space race between the districts to build bigger, better, newer capital assets that attract pupils and residential development. The central city district, surrounded by growing suburbs with higher-value taxable property, is at a disadvantage in this competition.
The culture and maintenance of the loliginid squids Sepioteuthis sepioidea and Doryteuthis plei

A technique for rearing the loliginid squids Sepioteuthis sepioidea and Doryteuthis plei is reported. Specimens of the former were reared from eggs to sexually mature adults, and maintained for a maximum of 146 days; adult D. plei were maintained for 38 days. Choice and quantity of food was most important for the survival of all sizes, particularly young squid. Newly hatched specimens thrived on Mysidium columbiae. Both species fed at a rate of 30 to 60% of their body weight daily; starvation occurred when intake fell below 10 to 15%. Food conversion efficiency averaged between 10 to 20%. Growth was rapid and steady. S. sepioidea grew to a maximum of 105 mm and 77 g in less than 5 months; D. plei grew an estimated 20 mm/month. Experimental data indicate a lethal minimum salinity for both species at about 27‰. Lethal minimum and maximum temperatures for young S. sepioidea are 17.5° to 18.0°C, and 32.5° to 33.0°C, respectively. Young consume 0.64μl O2/mg wet weight/h. Opaque tanks, with a semi-natural bottom substrate and special ultra-violet (UV) illumination, are advantageous for rearing and maintenance.
Reactivity-based drug discovery using vitamin B(6)-derived pharmacophores.

Abstract Endogenous reactive intermediates including photoexcited states of tissue chromophores, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), transition metal ions, and Schiff bases have been implicated in the initiation and progression of diverse human pathologies including tumorigenesis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast to structure-based approaches that target macromolecules by selective ligands, reactivity-based drug discovery uses chemical reagents as therapeutics that target reactive chemical species involved in human pathology. Reactivity-based design of prototype agents that effectively antagonize, modulate, and potentially even reverse the chemistry underlying tissue damage from oxidative and carbonyl stress therefore holds great promise in delivering significant therapeutic benefit. Apart from its established role as an essential cofactor for numerous enzymes, a large body of evidence suggests that B(6)-vitamers contain reactive pharmacophores that mediate therapeutically useful non-vitamin drug actions as potent antioxidants, metal chelators, carbonyl scavengers, Schiff base forming agents, and photosensitizers. Based on the fascinating chemical versatility of B(6)-derived pharmacophores, B(6)-vitamers are therefore promising lead compounds for reactivity-based drug design.
Molecular Medicine, Managed Care, and the Moral Responsibilities of Patients and Physicians

Presentation des articles qui constituent le numero special de la revue «The journal of medicine and philosophy» (vol. 23, n°1, 1998) consacre aux questions d'ethique clinique. Soulevant les problemes lies a la connaissance genetique, a la transplantation d'organes, aux techniques medicales et chirurgicales et aux conflits d'interets qui bouleversent le paradigme scientifique de la medecine moderne, les contributions de R. Rhodes, W. Glannon, V. Schmidt, G. Khushf, S. Wear (et al.) mettent en evidence les responsabilites morales et le role social des patients et des medecins qui constituent les categories normatives et la strategie de l'ethique clinique et de la bioethique
Investigation and optimization of InGaAs/InP heterointerfaces grown by chemical beam epitaxy using spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been used to investigate transition layers for InGaAs/InP heterointerfaces. For the case of InGaAs on InP, we have found that the samples can be best modeled by a strained InxGa1-xAs film with the possible presence of a thin interface region (15A). We are unable to conclusively determine the existence of such a thin transition region. For InP on InGaAs, we find clear indications of As contamination in the bulk film, and that the addition of a thin interface region of In0.75Gao0.25As0.5P0.5 improves both the numerical fit and shape of the dielectric response curves, especially around E1 and E1+ Δ1 where the effects of a transition region are most pronounced. However, difficulties in modeling the dielectric response of the contaminated InP film make identification of an interface transition region only speculative at this point. Multiple single quantum well structures have also been grown and analyzed with 7K photoluminescence. The quality of the quantum wells shows strong dependence on the gas switching sequence used at the heterointerfaces. The best switching sequence produced a 0.5 nm well with a 7K FWHM of only 12.3 meV. Multiple quantum wells have also been grown to investigate the uniformity and repeatability of our system. Twenty period MQWs with a well width of 1.6 nm display a 14K FWHM of 7.9 meV.
Colorectal stenting: an effective therapy for preoperative and palliative treatment.

Purpose To demonstrate the effectiveness of preoperative and palliative colorectal stent placement in acute colonic obstruction.
Real Men Use Nonlethals: Appeals To Masculinity in Marketing Police Weaponry

In recent years, a range of new nonlethal weapons have been introduced for use by police officers, military personnel, and other consumers. This article examines how manufacturers are employing ideals of masculinity as both physical dominance and technical expertise in marketing these weapons to police officials. Based on a case study of a major weapons manufacturer's educational and sales conference, the authors explore how marketing appeals are adapted to suit a hypermasculine police subculture. Connell's theory of masculinities is employed to understand how such a tightly defined subculture absorbs challenges to its core values of hegemonic hypermasculinity and reimagines itself to keep those core values intact.
Constitutive Behavior of a Twaron®/Natural Rubber Composite

The constitutive behavior of a Twaron CT709® fabric/natural rubber (Twaron®/NR) composite is studied using the four-parameter Burgers model (composed of a Maxwell element and a Kelvin-Voigt element in series), a proposed five-parameter model (consisting of a Maxwell element and a generalized Maxwell [GM] element in series), and a newly developed para-rheological model (comprising a GM element and a stress network element in parallel). The new model makes use of the affine network-based molecular theory of rubber elasticity. The uniaxial stress-strain relation of the Twaron®/NR composite is experimentally determined at two constant strain rates of 0.00001 s − 1 and 0.01 s − 1 . The values of the parameters involved in the three viscoelasticity models are extracted from the experimental data. It is found that both the Burgers model and the five-parameter model significantly under-predict the stresses for large strain values at both the strain rates. In contrast, the constitutive response at each strain rate...
On the mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of N-methylpyridinium ion

The electrochemical reduction of N-methylpyridinium ion (NMP+) at concentrations <2 × 10−4 M in aqueous solution in the pH range of 5–11 has been shown to he a one-electron process which gives rise to 1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridinyl radicals. These pyridinyl radicals undergo rapid dimerization for which the bimolecular rate constant has been shown to be in excess of 1 × 107 M−1 s−1. The formal potential for the reduction of NMP+ in aqueous 1.0 M KCl is found to be −1.372 V vs. NHE. The formation of the pyridinyl radical as a transient intermediate in the electroreduction of NMP+ has been established by spin trapping using α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone.
Critical period of rat development when sidedness of asymmetric body structures is determined.

We recently reported that rat embryos cultured from the presomite stage in a medium containing the alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, phenyl-ephrine, have a high incidence of situs inversus. In the present study, we have determined more precisely the critical period of development when situs inversus is induced. Rat embryos were harvested at 8 AM on Day 9 of gestation (plug day = Day 0), and divided into different stages of development, namely, early, mid, and late primitive streak stages and early, mid, and late neural plate stages. They then were cultured in rotating bottles to which phenylephrine, 0.5 mM, was added for various durations. After 49 hr of culture, embryos were examined for general morphology including sidedness of the bulboventricular loop, tail, and chorioallantoic placenta. Phenylephrine increased the incidence of situs inversus above control when administered throughout culture from either the early neural plate stage or before, and when administered for 4 hr or more from the early neural plate stage. This increase was significant even at the mid and late primitive streak stages when the control incidence was high. Our results suggest that sidedness of asymmetric body structures is determined during the early neural plate stage. This period is well before the 6–8-somite stage when morphological signs of body asymmetry first appear.
Medical care manifesto

i m To make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear, one must start with a silk sow. The “Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act” is a wide-ranging restructuring of healthcare availability, quality control, and financing. Its necessity suggests there are serious problems with American healthcare delivery, but it addresses only the tip of the imminent iceberg. America, despite mounting debt, remains the wealthiest nation in world history and finances the most expensive healthcare system. America spends 21⁄2 times the average per person on healthcare compared with other industrialized nations. Yet, Americans rank only 50th on the 2011 Central Intelligence Agency’s longevity list. Citizens of Jordan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 47 other countries live longer. Most other American health statistics lag as well. The government’s solution is to provide more healthcare at a time when the rising costs are considered unsustainable; the cost of medical technology doubles each decade, and the population is rapidly aging. Baby-boomers started to become eligible for Medicare last year. The Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, predicts that when the “[Un-]Affordable Health Care Act” fully unleashes in 21⁄2 years, the total cost is estimated to reach $4.7 trillion. The federal government will pay about one-third. Unsustainable appears very accurate. Health, the most cherished human physical condition and the most misunderstood, is appreciated only when impaired. The World Health Organization, however, defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Healthiness has multiple gradations. Health is a gauge of functionality, loosely termed fitness. Health improves or worsens as a person’s ability to function changes.
Computation of second-order many-body corrections in relativistic atomic systems.

A novel technique employing $B$ splines is introduced that permits the precise evaluation of multiple sums over excited states occurring in higher-order many-body perturbation theory. As a test of the technique, the accurately known nonrelativistic expression for the second-order energy of helium in the $\frac{1}{Z}$ approximation is first calculated. The corresponding relativistic expression is then evaluated over the entire helium isoelectronic sequence with attention to the proper treatment of negative-energy states.
How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility

How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility? A.K. Chatterji, D.I. Levine and M.W. Toffel Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2009, 18(1), pp. 125–169 Given...
Comparison of whole body and tissue blood volumes in rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) with 125 I bovine serum albumin and 51 Cr-erythrocyte tracers

Total, packed cell and, plasma volume estimates were made for the whole body and selected tissues of rainbow trout by the simultaneous injection of radiolabelled trout erythrocyte ((51)Cr-RBC) and radioiodinated bovine serum albumin ((125)I-BSA) tracers. Blood volumes were estimated with both markers separately by the tracer-hematocrit method and as the combination of the(51)Cr-RBC packed cell and(125)I-BSA plasma volumes. Mean whole body blood volume was significantly less when calculated from the(51)Cr-RBC tracer data (3.52±0.78 ml/100 g; ±SD) than when calculated with the(125)I-BSA tracer (5.06±0.86 ml/100 g) or as the sum of the two volumes combined (4.49±0.60 ml/100 g). The whole body hematocrit (28±5%), estimated as the quotient of the(51)Cr-RBC volume divided by the sum of the(125)I-BSA and the(51)Cr-RBC volumes, also was significantly less than the dorsal aortic microhematocrit (36±4%). Estimates of total blood volumes in most tissues were significantly smaller when calculated from the(51)Cr-RBC data than when calculated by the other two methods. Tissue blood volumes were greatest in highly vascularized and well perfused tissues and least in poorly vascularized tissues. The relative degree of vascularization among tissues generally remained the same regardless of whether the red cell or the plasma tracer was used to calculated blood volume. It is not clear whether the expanded plasma volume is the result of the distribution of erythrocyte-poor blood into the secondary circulation or the result of extravascular exchange of plasma proteins.
Effects of Note-Taking Format and Study Technique on Recall and Relational Performance

Abstract Two experiments investigated how different not-taking formats influenced student note taking. Experiment 1 investigated how different note-taking formats in combination with review activities affect recall and relational learning. During a 19-min lecture, participants either took notes in their conventional manner, on an outline framework, or on a matrix framework. Following the lecture, approximately half of the participants in each note-taking group prepared for performance tests by using their notes to write a comparative essay about the lecture topics. The others reviewed notes in their standard manner. Results indicated that essay writing was less effective than standard review practices for relational learning and that note-taking on an outline increased test performance beyond other note formats. Performance differences might have resulted from quantitative differences in note-taking favoring outline note-takers. Experiment 2 reexamined whether various note-taking formats influence student note-taking. Students recorded lecture notes on various outline or matrix frameworks or without aid in their conventional manner. It was reconfirmed that a "flexible" outline framework, whose ordering of subtopics correspond to their order of lecture presentation, produces more note taking than a "collapsed" matrix framework presenting fewer subtopics to guide note taking.
Relationship Between Cavernosal Ischemia and Corporal Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction in an Animal Model

ABSTRACTPurpose: It has been postulated that cavernosal tissue ischemia secondary to arterial occlusive disease is associated with corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction. The goal was to correlate, for the first time, direct local intracavernosal blood flow measurements as a measure of cavernosal tissue perfusion with the integrity of corporal veno-occlusion in an animal model of vasculogenic impotence.Materials and Methods: The New Zealand White rabbit model of vasculogenic impotence was utilized (7 control, 9 atherosclerotic). After 16 weeks, intracavernosal blood flow was recorded directly by laser Doppler flowmetry. The relationships among peak intracavernosal blood flow, equilibrium intracavernosal pressure and corporal veno-occlusive function (as determined by intracavernosal pressure decay) were examined.Results: Significant differences in the atherosclerotic compared to control animals were noted in iliac artery blood flow (12 +/- 4 vs 31 +/- 7 ml./min.), peak intracavernosal blood flow during erecti...
Capsaicin-Responsive NADH Oxidase Activities from Urine of Cancer Patients

NADH oxidases of low specific activities from urine of cancer patients were found to be inhibited or stimulated by the vanilloid capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide). Similar activities, inhibited or stimulated by capsaicin, were reported previously for sera of cancer patients but not for sera of normal volunteers or for patients with disorders other than cancer. Like those from sera, the activities from urine were resistant to heat and to digestion with proteinase K. Two different fractions with capsaicin-responsive NADH oxidase activities were obtained by FPLC. One fraction in which the 33-kDa band was the major component exhibited NADH oxidase activity stimulated by capsaicin. Another fraction in which 66-kDa and 45-kDa bands were major components exhibited NADH oxidase activities inhibited by capsaicin. A monoclonal antibody generated to a ca 34-kDa form of the NADH oxidase from sera reacted with a urine protein of a ca 33-kDa band in the capsaicin-stimulated fraction. The 33-kDa protein was of low abundance and was estimated to be present in amounts between 5 and 100 microgram/L, depending on the particular patient.
Ascites in Growing Broilers: A Research Model

Abstract A method was developed to experimentally produce ascites in broiler chickens. High-altitude simulation (treatment group) was conducted to study the development of ascites in broiler chickens. In each of three experiments, 15 male broiler chicks (1 wk old) were placed in a hypobaric chamber (principal groups) for 5 wk and 15 other chicks were reared in batteries (control groups). Ascites occurred among chicks in the principal groups recorded at 13, 27, and 80% at simulated altitudes of 1,980, 2,438, and 2,896 m, respectively. No ascites were observed in the controls at 100 m (the altitude at College Station, Texas). Body weight was significantly (P
Number sense and quantifier interpretation

We consider connections between number sense—the ability to judge number—and the interpretation of natural language quantifiers. In particular, we present empirical evidence concerning the neuroanatomical underpinnings of number sense and quantifier interpretation. We show, further, that impairment of number sense in patients can result in the impairment of the ability to interpret sentences containing quantifiers. This result demonstrates that number sense supports some aspects of the language faculty.
X-efficiency in emerging competitive markets: The case of U.S. telecommunications

Abstract Whether or not the progressive introduction of competition in the U.S. telecommunications industry has induced firm-level efficiencies is studied in this paper. Two sets of performance measures are computed for local operating companies, using data envelopment analysis, for the years 1973, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 1987. The first set measures whether firms are able to augment output values; the second set measures whether firms conserve resources or inputs. Both sets of measures improve between 1973 and 1987. The output value augmentation measures initially rise steeply and then plateau, while the input conservation measures rise more steadily. These indicate that firms have benefited from incumbency positions in early exploitation of opening markets, but increasing pressures have induced firms to continuously strive towards frugality in resource consumption.
ZINC‐65 AND MANGANESE‐54 IN ALBACORE THUNNUS ALALUNGA FROM THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

Zinc-65 and manganese-54 were the dominant artificial radionuclides in the livers of albacore collected along the coast of North America from Washington to Baja California during the summers 1962-1966. The concentrations and specific activities of these radionuclides changed considerably during summer, indicating rapid responses to different radioccological conditions. Off Oregon and Washington ‘“Zn levels, as well as specific activities, in albacore incrcascd markedly during summer months. Association of albacore with the effluent of the Columbia River accounted for this enhancement. The “GZn concentrations of albacore from southern and Baja California were about IO”/0 of those off Oregon and Washington with no seasonal trends evident. Highest radioactivities per gram and specific activities of ‘“Zn were found late in summer off Oregon. The “Zn concentrations off southern Oregon at this time were as high as those off northern Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River, probably bccausc of the southward drift of plume waters coupled with the lag time for accumulation of ‘“Zn through several trophic levels. We have no evidence either for immigration of ““Zn-tagged albacore into the southern California fishery or for immigration of southern albacore, with low ‘“Zn content, into the northern fishery during one season. Manganese-54 enters the ocean primarily from fallout of nuclear weapons tests. Both the radioactivity and the specific activity of ““Mn in albacore off Oregon and Washington decreased during summer. Thus ‘“Mn appeared to be more available to albacore in offshore waters than in the ncarshore waters. The levels of ‘“Mn in albacore were rather similar during the years of this study; this was unexpcctcd since all the 51Mn presumably originated from 1961-19G2 nuclear weapons tests.
Damage-based Seismic Design of Structures:

Abstract The influences of the ground motion and structural characteristics on damage potential of a 7-, a 13-, and a 20-story steel building are examined using four sets of 40 accelerograms each, classified as soil sites B, C, D, and E according to the 2003 International Building Code. The Park-Ang damage index that has been used extensively during the past two decades is examined. A new damage index based on ductility and stiffness degradation is proposed. Results indicate that the proposed index correlates strongly with the energy dissipated through inelastic action. The advantages and disadvantages of the strength-based design approach are discussed and a seismic design procedure based on damage is outlined.
Conformation of lysozyme langmuir monolayer studied by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy

The surface chemistry and spectroscopy of the reduced lysozyme Langmuir monolayer were investigated at different pH values to compare with the native one. It was found that the limiting molecular area of the reduced lysozyme was not subphase pH dependent as the native lysozyme. To explain this result in terms of the conformation and orientation of the lysozyme Langmuir monolayer at various subphase pH values, we have used infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The interpretation of the results make plausible change of the conformation and orientation of the native lysozyme Langmuir monolayer with the subphase pH 3, 6, and 11.
Zero-Field Splitting of S-State Ions. I. Point-Multipole Model

The zero-field splitting terms in the spin Hamiltonian for an $S$-state ion, $D[3{{S}_{z}}^{2}\ensuremath{-}S(S+1)]$ and $E({{S}_{x}}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{{S}_{y}}^{2})$, are computed using a point-multipole model. Various contributions to $D$ and $E$ are considered and quantitative results are given for the most important mechanisms. Specific application is made to ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$: Zn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ and Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, where accurate values for $D$ and $E$ are known from electron-spin-resonance experiments. The most important contribution for these cases comes from the "Blume-Orbach" mechanism involving the first-order matrix element of the axial and rhombic fields between excited quartet states which have been admixed into one another by the cubic component of the crystalline field. This term contributes results of the correct sign, and of nearly the correct magnitude, to explain the entirety of the axial and rhombic field splitting of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ in these hosts. The next most important contribution arises from the spin-spin interaction (the "Pryce" mechanism) involving again the first-order matrix element of the crystalline field, but this time between an excited configuration and the ground state. Instead of the usual perturbation approach, the Schr\"odinger equation containing the crystal-field potential is integrated numerically. It is found that the term considered by Pryce, the $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ admixture, is small, and of the opposite sign from the more important contribution of the $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d$ admixture. The net contribution from the spin-spin mechanism yields results for $D$ of the wrong sign and of roughly one-third the magnitude of the Blume-Orbach term, and for $E$ a constribution of the correct sign but an order of magnitude smaller than the Blume-Orbach term. The configuration-interaction contribution of Orbach, Das, and Sharma is shown to be next in decreasing order of importance, followed by the contribution originally computed by Watanabe.
Spectral selective surfaces for concentrated solar power receivers by laser sintering of tungsten micro and nano particles

Abstract Spectral selective surfaces for concentrated solar power receivers have been fabricated by laser sintering of tungsten micro and nano particles on stainless steel substrate under atmospheric pressure. Solar absorptance of ~83% has been experimentally measured for laser sintered tungsten layer and thermal emittance of ~11.6% at 300 K was computed based on the IR reflectance measurement. This high solar absorptance and low thermal emittance was achieved by a one micron thick laser sintered layer having sub-micron surface roughness with random spacing in the range from nanoscale to 5 μm. Laser sintering has not been applied for fabrication of solar receiver coatings and the first experimental demonstration is presented in this paper. Laser sintering under atmospheric pressure is a cost effective method for solar thermal applications.
The law studies movement: A memoir

How does a curricular development or innovation come into being? What are the circumstances which nourish an idea into an established program? Who are the individuals directing this new current of thought? My reflections on these questions evoke a train of thought-a playback of the tapes of memory-of persons and events as I knew them. What follows I can describe best as a memoir. Although colored by personal involvement and perceptions, this account of the beginnings and growth of the law studies movement may contribute usefully to understanding the jig-saw puzzle of curricular change. For me, it began in the 1930s. I taught social studies in the daytime to raise funds for law school tuition. My ambition was to become a lawyer, and I can still recall reeling out of my civics classes and rushing to the intellectual challenge of evening law school. Inevitably during my three years at law school, I included constitutional law, criminal law, torts and contracts in my social studies classes because I found law omnipresent in the curriculum. What amazed me at the time was the effect of law-related discussions on the interest and quality of student thinking. In time, I began to find the uses of law in social studies an important means of breaking through superficial textbook commentary to case study confrontations of value conflicts, the nature of decision making, and the quest for a hierarchy of values in our society. Although admitted to the Bar, I remained an educator-a decision I have never regretted. The law, however, continued to remain a major interest and the uses of law in social studies education intrigues me. from 1951 to 1963 I wrote a series of articles entitled "Recent Supreme Court Decisions" forSocial Education with the objective of encouraging teachers to use case studies dealing with controversial public issues. Apparently these articles struck responsive chords among educators and publishers and, before long, I was an author and adviser for the film series, Our Living Bill Of Rights.1