cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virtual Diagnostics Interface: Real Time Comparison of Experimental Data and CFD Predictions for a NASA Ares I-Like Vehicle

Virtual diagnostics interface technology, or ViDI, is a suite of techniques utilizing image processing, data handling and three-dimensional computer graphics. These techniques aid in the design, implementation, and analysis of complex aerospace experiments. LiveView3D is a software application component of ViDI used to display experimental wind tunnel data in real-time within an interactive, three-dimensional virtual environment. The LiveView3D software application was under development at NASA Langley research center (LaRC) for nearly three years. LiveView3D recently was upgraded to perform real-time (as well as post-test) comparisons of experimental data with pre-computed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions. This capability was utilized to compare experimental measurements with CFD predictions of the surface pressure distribution of the NASA Ares I crew launch vehicle (CLV) -like vehicle when tested in the NASA LaRC unitary plan wind tunnel (UPWT) in December 2006 - January 2007 timeframe. The wind tunnel tests were conducted to develop a database of experimentally-measured aerodynamic performance of the CLV-like configuration for validation of CFD predictive codes.
Toys keeping in touch: technologies for distance play

Collaborative pretend play is significant in the emotional and social development of young children yet traditional remote communication systems do not support this type of interaction. This paper introduces a remote communication system designed to facilitate imaginative play using the novel approach of a tangible interface specifically for character toys. A dollhouse enhanced with tangible electronic objects that allow the toy inhabitants of the house to communicate with the inhabitants of a remote dollhouse was constructed and evaluated in a pilot study.
Maladaptation and Mass Effects in a Metacommunity: Consequences for Species Coexistence

Abstract: Metacommunity theories predict multispecies coexistence based on the interplay between local species interactions and regional migration. To date, most metacommunity models implicitly assume that evolution can be ignored. Yet empirical studies indicate a substantial potential for contemporary evolution. I evaluate how evolution alters species diversity in a simulated mass‐effects (sink‐source) metacommunity. Populations inhabiting source habitats became locally adapted, while subordinate competitors became maladapted because of assumed ecological and phenotypic trade‐offs between habitats. This maladaptation decreased and leveled relative abundances among subordinate populations. These two effects produced two regions of departure from nonevolutionary predictions. Assuming low proportional migration, maladaptation reduced local species richness via an overall reduction in reproductive rates in sink populations. With intermediate proportional migration, a greater absolute reduction of reproductiv...
Cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: assessment to treatment.

Cognitive rehabilitation refers to a set of interventions that aim to improve a person’s ability to perform cognitive tasks by retraining previously learned skills and teaching compensatory strategies. Cognitive rehabilitation begins with a thorough neuropsychological assessment to identify cognitive strengths and weaknesses and the degree of change in cognitive ability following a brain injury. The conclusions of the assessment are used to formulate appropriate treatment plans. Common interventions for improvements in attention, memory, and executive function, as well as the nature of comprehensive programs, which combine treatment modalities, are reviewed. Cognitive rehabilitation is effective for mild-to-severe injuries and beneficial at any time post-injury. Sufficient evidence exists supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, which has become the treatment of choice for cognitive impairments and leads to improvements in cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Mt Sinai J Med 76:173–181, 2009.  2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Progress in the development of nucleic acid therapeutics.

Abnormal gene expression is a hallmark of many diseases. Gene-specific down-regulation of aberrant genes could be useful therapeutically and potentially less toxic than conventional therapies due its specificity. Over the years, many strategies have been proposed for silencing gene expression in a gene-specific manner. Three major approaches are antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ONs), ribozymes/DNAzymes, and RNA interference (RNAi). In this brief review, we will discuss the successes and shortcomings of these three gene-silencing methods, and the approaches being taken to improve the effectiveness of antisense molecules. We will also provide an overview of some of the clinical applications of antisense therapy.
The Story of Masses Publishing Co. V. Patten: Judge Learned Hand, First Amendment Prophet

This chapter explores the historical, political and legal context of Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten, one of the few decisions that upheld the right to protest America’s involvement in World War I. Issued in the summer of 1917 by Learned Hand, then a young federal district court judge, Masses was quickly and emphatically reversed by the United States Court of Appeals. The chapter begins by examining the political and social conditions that underlay the hysterical reaction to anti-war protests and led to the conviction of over 1,000 anti-war protestors. It then analyzes the defects in the Supreme Court’s free speech doctrine that permitted this massive assault on free speech and democratic self-governance. The chapter concludes by demonstrating how Hand’s masterful opinion, though repudiated at the time, presciently anticipated several key themes in contemporary American free speech doctrine.
Tail dependence for heavy-tailed scale mixtures of multivariate distributions

The tail dependence of multivariate distributions is frequently studied via the tool of copulas. In this paper we develop a general method, which is based on multivariate regular variation, to evaluate the tail dependence of heavy-tailed scale mixtures of multivariate distributions, whose copulas are not explicitly accessible. Tractable formulae for tail dependence parameters are derived, and a sufficient condition under which the parameters are monotone with respect to the heavy tail index is obtained. The multivariate elliptical distributions are discussed to illustrate the results.
Conserved chromosomal location and genomic structure of human and mouse fatty-acid amide hydrolase genes and evaluation of clasper as a candidate neurological mutation.

Fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane-bound enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty acid amides, such as oleamide and anandamide, and is expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. To evaluate FAAH genes as candidates for neurogenetic diseases in humans and mice, we have mapped the loci in both species and have determined their intron-exon structures. The human FAAH gene was mapped to region 1p34-p35, closely linked to D1S197 and D1S443, by using PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrid (SCH) and radiation hybrid mapping panels. Analysis of an SCH mapping panel and a mouse interspecific backcross panel has localized the Faah gene to the conserved syntenic region on mouse chromosome 4, close to the neurological mutation clasper. Faah gene rearrangements were excluded by Southern blot analysis of clasper DNA. No sequence abnormality was detected in PCR products containing the 15 exons and splice junctions of the mouse Faah gene. FAAH protein levels were normal in clasper mouse tissues as determined by enzyme activity assays and Western blotting.
Self-Assembling Dendronized Dendrimers

The amine groups from the periphery of poly(propylenimine) dendrimers [DAB-(NH2)n] (n = 4 and 8) were reacted with the carboxylic groups of five different first and second generation self-assembling dendrons. The amidation was mediated by the peptide bond forming reagent 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT)/N-methylmorpholine (NMM). All the resulting dendronized dendrimers self-assemble into helical pyramidal columns that self-organize into columnar hexagonal and columnar rectangular 2D lattices and in supramolecular spheres that self-organize into 3D Pm3n and P42/mnm tetragonal lattices. The structural and retrostructural analysis of the supramolecular dendrimers by X-ray diffraction experiments demonstrated that supramolecular dendritic spheres are assembled from various spherical fragments, including conical and half-sphere in which the DAB dendrimer is confined to their apex. Dendritic-crown is the most frequently encountered conformation of the dendronized dendrimers that is responsible for the assembly of helical pyramidal columns.
Current Update on Primary and Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Sclerosing cholangitis can be idiopathic (primary) or secondary to an identifiable cause. Irrespective of cause, sclerosing cholangitis usually progresses to end-stage liver disease and warrants orthotopic liver transplantation. Recent studies provide new insights into the etiopathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis, and management of these different entities.
Life-Cycle Solution Provision

As outlined above, the traditional financial services market is characterized by a poor quality of consultation and service — not only for retail customers, but also for high end customers in private banking237— and an increasing customer willingness to switch banking affiliations resulting in a strong pressure on margins. At the same time financial services firms are facing increasing risk from continuously increasing volatile global markets.238
Behavioral Causes of the Bullwhip Effect in a Single Echelon

Two laboratory experiments on a single-echelon inventory task show that inventory durability interacts with transit lags to create order volatility that exceeds demand volatility (the bullwhip effect). Durability creates bullwhip effects because players adjust orders insufficiently to reflect current inventory and backlogs, much as they adjust orders insufficiently to reflect holding and backlog costs in newsvendor studies (e.g., Schweitzer and Cachon 2000). Transit lags exacerbate bullwhip-like effects by interfering with players' ability to correct prior errors. Our results suggest that bullwhip effects can be driven by characteristics of inventory and supply chains, even in the absence of the inter-echelon coordination problems studied by Sterman (1989a, 1989b) and Croson, Donohue, Katok and Sterman (2005).
Tensing Temporalities: Theorizing Asian Settler Colonialism in a Decolonizing Hawai`i

The latest crises of 2008 extend a lull in economic exuberance that has lasted long enough to be the mood of an epoch. This paper takes up the temporal tenses of political feeling as a way of theorizing politics; how we imagine time has consequences for the interventions that our theories make. I attend to a new political imagination of the 'good old days,' postwar plantation Hawai`i, specifically. Pleasure and hardship are run together homeopathically in remembrances of an image of plantation community, but one that is encouraged not to stake its claims outside of itself. The insularity of this scene resonates with a mitigating sense of 'being in it together;' the affective 'core' of a community carried into a breathlessly anxious present. Surviving in the matter of memory, this core repeats what makes one's pleasure personal and self referential. Problematically, personalized access to plantation pasts can expunge the 'impersonality' of class relations and politics as something alienating to the intimate immediacy of memory. I argue that the problem is its crisis oriented now-time; a present so overwhelmed by capital's predations that all forms of struggle and resistance get absorbed into its orbit, even the ones that, historically, worked outside of rubrics of decolonization and worker's rights. My argument moves through three texts a flyer, a letter to the editor, and a conference panel kerfuffle.
Concerning Abdominal Masses

An abscess is a collection of infected fluid and inflammatory debris that has been walled off by the body’s immune system. Any inflammatory process in the abdomen or pelvis such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and Crohn’s disease can lead to an abscess. Traumatic puncture wounds and foreign bodies can also result in abscess formation. Common locations for an abdominal abscess are the subphrenic and subhepatic spaces. Abscesses can also develop in organs, such as the liver (intrahepatic abscess) or kidney (renal abscess). An abscess must be promptly treated with antibiotics and either percutaneous or surgical drainage to prevent systemic infection or sepsis.
Chronic Cerebellar Stimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy

In the early to mid 19 70s Cooper et al. (3) put to practical use the theoretical concepts of Julien (4), who ascertained the inhibitory action of the Purkinje cells on the motor cortex, the classical work of Moruzzi (5) about the inhibition of spasticity by the same cells, and the work of Dow et al. (2), who showed that removal of the cerebellar cortex intensifies epileptic activity and demonstrated the existence of an inhibitory mechanism in the reticular structures of the cerebellum. Cooper et al. (3) presented a rather small series with promising results. However, the method was subjected to considerable criticism. The main arguments against it included potential damage to the nervous substance and the number of complications connected with the surgical procedure, such as CSF leakage, breakage of the leads, and frequent mechanical failures.
Youth's perceptions of rule-breaking and antisocial behaviours: Gender, developmental level, and competitive level differences

The present study was designed to assess young athlete's perceived frequency of observing antisocial behaviour in sport, perceived frequency of rule-breaking in sport, and the perceived rationale for why youth are engaging in rule-breaking in sport. The sample consisted of 2479 youth drawn from across the USA. A majority of youth reported observing some type of rule-breaking in sport. The most common perceived rationales for rule-breaking involved aspects surrounding the pursuit of winning. Even though rule-breaking had been observed by a majority of youth in sport, antisocial behaviours were typically perceived to occur infrequently. Gender, developmental level, and competitive level differences were observed. However, in general, there were a small number of group differences, and participants typically viewed these issues more similarly than differently. Overall, youth are perceiving a positive sport environment in which they play.
Self-Activatin Process to Fabricate Activated Carbon from Kenaf

Self-activation takes advantage of the gases emitted from the pyrolysis process of biomass to activate the converted carbon, so that a high performance activated carbon is obtained. Kenaf fiber, one type of biomass, was self-activated into activated carbon. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area ( SA BET ) of non-activation and self-activation pyrolyzed at 1100°C for 2 hours were analyzed and obtained as 252 m 2 /g and 1,280 m 2 /g, respectively, with 408% difference. The results showed that the highest SA BET (1,616 m 2 /g) was achieved when a kenaf fiber was pyrolyzed at 1,000°C for 15 hours. A linear relationship was shown between the ln( SA BET ) and the yield of kenaf fiber based activated carbon through the self-activation process. The study also showed that a yield of 9.0% gave the highest surface area by gram kenaf fiber (80 m 2 per gram kenaf fiber), and the yields between 7.2 – 13.8% produced a surface area per gram kenaf fiber that was higher than 95% of the maximum surface area by gram kenaf fiber.
Bacterial Identification at the Serovar Level by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry

Food safety efforts require serovar and strain-level specificity of Salmonella contamination to trace back bacterial contamination to its source. Detection methods that require selection of probe-based assays are limited by probe selection. In this work we show that the combination of intact protein expression profiles and top-down liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) facilitates the identification of proteins that result from expressed, serovar-specific non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Intact protein expression profiles provide a nontargeted mass spectrometry-based method that facilitates a relatively unbiased snapshot of the expressed proteins in a wide range of bacterial samples and is amenable to both screening and targeted analysis. Such an inherently multiplexed technique facilitates differentiation of closely related bacteria, as well as the detection of un-sequenced or newly acquired SNPs and plasmid proteins that may be specific to a given strain without prior knowledge of the sample. Subsequent identification of expressed proteins, serovar-specific biomarkers, and post-translational modifications by top-down LC-MS/MS is integral to rapid screening development and facilitates collaboration with genome-based methods.
Application of Harmonic Analysis of Time Series to Extracting the Cropland Resource in Northeast China

As one of the most important agricultural resources,the cropland is the basic survival condition for human being.Accurate information on cropland area is of critical importance for assessing food security.The Northeast China includes provinces of Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang and eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.It is one of the most important marketable production bases and output regions with rich water resources,fertile soil and vast cultivated land.With the unprecedented combination of economic and population growth,a dramatic land transformation has caused across this region,and the cropland degradation is increasingly serious.In order to preserve and manage cropland resources,it is essential to investigate and monitor cropland dynamics.Compared to traditional observations in the field,the principal advantage of remote sensing data is the possibility that they offer to gather synoptic information at regular time intervals over large areas.Especially for the muti-temporal images,repeated observations can be used to monitor characteristics of phonological dynamics at regional level.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) which derived from the remote sensed data,is one of the most important parameters for the vegetation growth and was widely used in the land cover classification.In recent years,with the development of the theory about Artificial Neural Network(ANN) system,the neural network technology is becoming increasingly an effective means of classification processing of remote sensor digital images.Therefore,on the basis of the muti-period NDVI,the cropland can be identified and separated from the other land cover types by means of the neural network technology.In this paper,Harmonic Analysis of a Time Series of SPOT/VGT NDVI data was used to develop an innovative technique for cropland identification in Northeast China based on temporal variations of NDVI values during 2007.Different vegetation classes(forest,cropland,grassland,water body) exhibiting distinctive seasonal patterns of NDVI variation have strong periodic characteristics.A Discrete Fourier Filter was applied to NDVI time-series data in order to minimize the influence of high-frequency noise on class assignment.Because of the different phonology and periodicity in various land use types,the amplitude,phase and annual NDVI mean value in the studying area are acquired and integrated for an image.According to the training sample size,the neural network classification measure is introduced to extract cropland.The total accuracy is 83.26% while Kappa coefficient is 0.732 4.The accuracy of measurement to extract cropland information is much higher by comparing the four current products(GLC2000 land cover data,UMD land cover data,IGBP land cover data and CAS land cover data).The study indicates that it is feasible for cropland extraction utilization of time-series analysis and neural network classification,and can provide accurate,scientific cropland information for agricultural administrators and land management decision making.
Defeat in New France

When Francois Charles de Bourlamaque, captain in the French army, heard rumors of a potential war brewing between France and Prussia in 1755, he hastened to write the King of France and present his candidacy for a commission. Like many other officers of the French army, he had ‘languished during the peace,’ following the War of the Austrian Succession in which he served through several campaigns, and now hoped for the glory in battle that would advance his position and solidify his reputation.1 Begging the king for a prominent role in the upcoming conflict, he presented ‘no other ambition, Sire, than to be able to serve in a manner that is essential’ to the army. Other officers vied with him and each other for available commissions, writing the king or minister of war to pledge their ‘live[s] and possessions,’2 expressing their zeal for the king’ service,3 and begging to fill positions that had been in their families for generations.4 The officers’ eagerness and desperation were palpable; use of commissions and promotions as rewards had caused the officer corps to balloon to the point where there were far more officers wishing to serve than there were available opportunities. Positions at court, pecuniary rewards, and social rank depended on constant demonstrations from officers that they deserved their privileged status through at least appearing to serve the king, and officers depended on winning a prominent place in the upcoming war just to be eligible for honors or favors from Versailles.
Cryosurgery for Tattoo Removal

Tattoos are an ancient form of body adornment that has persisted to modern times. Approximately 20 % of Americans have at least one tattoo, and many seek to remove tattoos later in life. Surgical, chemical, and thermal modalities are commonly used to remove tattoos. Laser treatments have emerged as a more efficacious approach, while cryosurgery stands as a marginal treatment option.
Role of Inelastic Effects in EXAFS

The validity of the modern short-range-order theory of EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) is largely a result of inelastic processes which give an energetic photoelectron a short mean free path. The need for including inelastic damping effects in calculations of EXAFS spectra x(k) is graphically illustrated by a comparison of typical results [1] of one-electron theory and experiment [2] (Fig.1).
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Its Application to Bioenergetics

Publisher Summary Nonequilibrium thermodynamics or the thermodynamics of irreversible processes extends and complements the classical method by the explicit introduction of time. It enables one to formulate a description of real processes rather than idealizations that happen in well-defined equilibrium states; the correlations it provides are between kinetic parameters. The most tractable processes are those that occur when the system is in a steady state. However, under stationary conditions, the state parameters of the system give no information about the processes occurring; to study these processes, it is necessary to look at their effects on the surroundings and indeed this is the essence of the approach. The resulting analysis immediately determines the number and nature of the degrees of freedom involved. The thermodynamic considerations lead to criteria that may help to distinguish between models of oxidative phosphorylation. These criteria neither depend on the isolation of an intermediate nor is it necessary to observe a component of hydrogen ion flow used for phosphorylation. It is necessary to determine the electrochemical potential difference of hydrogen and possibly of potassium across the mitochondrial membrane; however, the remaining parameters are evaluated externally. It is possible in principle to envisage conditions in which the flow of hydrogen ion across the membrane may be maintained non-zero and constant for brief periods
Station Ownership and Its Effects on Playlists in U.S. Radio Markets

This paper examines the extent to which radio station content is influenced by common ownership of stations and additional competition, and whether these effects differ when comparing large corporately-owned stations to other stations. We confirm previous results in the literature indicating that co-ownership of a pair of station leads to increased content differentiation. We find this effect is muted when the stations are co-owned by a large parent company, a finding that can be explained by these stations being less sensitive to local preferences. Competition would seem to induce stations to be more sensitive to local preferences, as all stations regardless of the characteristics of their parent tend to increase variety as the number of within-format competitors increase. Furthermore, stations with large parents deviate more from nationally representative playlists in the face of additional competitors. They deviate less from national playlists, however, when their parent has a strong presence in other formats in the market, a finding that indicates that the ownership structure of stations outside of a given format may be relevant considerations from the perspective of market definition.
The Frequency of Damaging Genetic Variants in a Cohort of Over 1500 Patients with Early Onset Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (P5.163)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of damaging variants in specimens received at a clinical laboratory for Early Onset Familial Alzheimer’s disease (EOFAD) evaluation . BACKGROUND: EOFAD is caused by monogenic alterations in the PSEN1 , PSEN2 , and APP genes. Aside from the earlier age of onset, EOFAD is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both the genetic and sporadic forms are incurable diseases with treatment options that provide only transient benefits. METHODS: Sanger sequencing was used to detect variants in a multigene panel for PSEN1 , PSEN2 , and APP in specimens received in a clinical laboratory for an EOFAD evaluation. Duplications in the APP gene were detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Variants identified in the EOFAD cohort were assessed using a recently published, rules-based scoring system, and frequencies were compared to the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) community-based general population. RESULTS: Damaging variants were found in 7[percnt] (n=107) of all specimens (n=1,551) assessed via an EOFAD panel. The most damaging variants were found in PSEN1 (79[percnt]), followed by APP (18[percnt]), and PSEN2 (3[percnt]). There were slightly more sequence variants (58[percnt]) than duplications (42[percnt]) in APP . The majority of the 55 unique, damaging, variants identified were missense variants that reoccurred with a frequency ranging from 1 to 52. No damaging variants were found in the ExAC general population more than once. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous smaller studies, damaging alterations in PSEN1 were found to be the most common contributor to EOFAD patients. The recurrence of pathogenic variants in the cohort may provide insight into underlying disease mechanisms, including the identification of founder mutations or mutational hotspots. Disclosure: Dr. Bright has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Karbassi has received research support from Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Meservey has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Yokoyama has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rabinowitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bean as received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostic as an employee. Dr. Liaquat has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Gallen has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Hoffman has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Krasner has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Dodge has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics as an employee. Dr. Higgins has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics.
Article 3 [General Principles]

Article 3 lays down eight general principles that provide guidance to States Parties and stakeholders as to interpret the substantive rights and obligations of the CRPD and as to achieve the purpose of the Convention established in Article 1. The general principles should also serve as a “filter” through which States Parties should assess the conformity of domestic laws with the objectives of the Convention.
Dr. Doom’s philosophy of time

ABSTRACTPeople who contemplate the nature of time on conceptual grounds are philosophers. Although not usually counted as philosophers, the writers, artists and editors of Marvel Comics are nevertheless philosophers in the operative sense. In the pages of their comics, Marvel creators explore, investigate and hypothesize the realities and properties of time – including eternalism, presentism, the growing block view of time, branching time, and timelines as alternative universes (created or found). Unlike traditional philosophers, however, Marvel creators are not always explicit about the implications of their illustrated thought experiments. Instead, we are in their place. We trace conceptual contemplations about the nature of time in Marvel’s first two decades by focusing on stories involving Dr. Doom’s time machine, the plot device that established the trope of time travel in Marvel continuity. Doing so illuminates just how sophisticated Marvel’s stories are, philosophically. We begin in the early 1960s...
Planning and Designing Academic Library Learning Spaces: Expert Perspectives of Architects, Librarians, and Library Consultants

This paper identifies approaches, challenges, and best practices related to planning and designing today’s academic library learning spaces. As part of the Project Information Literacy (PIL) Practitioner Series, qualitative data is presented from 49 interviews conducted with a sample of academic librarians, architects, and library consultants. These participants were at the forefront of the same 22 recent library learning space projects on college and university campuses in the US and Canada between 2011 and 2016. Most library projects had allocated space for supporting at least one of these four types of academic learning activities: collaborative, individual study, tutoring by campus learning partners, or occasional classes taught by campus instructors. Successful collaboration between the architect and the librarian was fostered by their shared commitment to meeting users’ needs, though few stakeholders systematically collected input from users beyond standard usage statistics and gate counts. Most interviewees reported facing some common challenges during their project planning and implementations. One challenge was translating design goals into tangible designs while trying to resolve issues of noise mitigation, shared space allocations, and providing enough electrical power for IT devices. Another challenge was ensuring effective communication practices with planning teams as well as campus-wide constituents throughout projects. Additional challenges included building consensus, compensating for project interruption and inadequate knowledge about both architecture and library IT issues, and having too few a priori evaluation metrics for linking learning outcomes to goals of the library space projects. Taken together, the success of library learning space projects depends upon shared knowledge and understanding of the sweeping learning, pedagogical, and research changes facing the academy. Librarians and architects need to work together to apply that knowledge and understanding to the unique environment and learning and teaching needs of their specific institution.
Ice-Wallow Relief in the Beaufort Sea

The irregular morphology of the Beaufort Sea shoreface consists of broad, gentle depressions and rounded knolls, as revealed in contour charts prepared from U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey data (Fig. 1), and a detailed diving-observations diagram (Fig. 2) [Reimnitz et al., 1972; Reimnitz and Barnes, 1974]. In most summers, this shoreface is marked by grounded ice floes, a relationship that has been noted in our earliest investigations of the area [Reimnitz et al., 1972]. Closely spaced, tightly navigated, and repeated bathymetric surveys were used to explain the morphology as dynamic ice-wallow relief [Reimnitz and Kempema, 1982]. The action of grounded ice wobbling on the bottom in a seaway, and of intensified currents scouring around grounded ice keels that present obstacles to flow, produces the characteristic relief (Figs. 3 and 4). Relief formation combines erosion and deposition, which result in complex ripple patterns and internal sedimentary structures, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
Cardiovascular Disease Among Transgender Adults Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review

Recent reports estimate that 0.6% of adults in the United States, or approximately 1.4 million persons, identify as transgender. Despite gains in rights and media attention, the reality is that transgender persons experience health disparities, and a dearth of research and evidence-based guidelines remains regarding their specific health needs. The lack of research to characterize cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors in transgender populations receiving cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) limits appropriate primary and specialty care. As with hormone therapy in cisgender persons (that is, those whose sex assigned at birth aligns with their gender identity), existing research in transgender populations suggests that CVD risk factors are altered by CSHT. Currently, systemic hormone replacement for cisgender adults requires a nuanced discussion based on baseline risk factors and age of administration of exogenous hormones because of concern regarding an increased risk for myocardial infarction and stroke. For transgender adults, CSHT has been associated with the potential for worsening CVD risk factors (such as blood pressure elevation, insulin resistance, and lipid derangements), although these changes have not been associated with increases in morbidity or mortality in transgender men receiving CSHT. For transgender women, CSHT has known thromboembolic risk, and lower-dose transdermal estrogen formulations are preferred over high-dose oral formulations. In addition, many studies of transgender adults focus predominantly on younger persons, limiting the generalizability of CSHT in older transgender adults. The lack of randomized controlled trials comparing various routes and formulations of CSHT, as well as the paucity of prospective cohort studies, limits knowledge of any associations between CSHT and CVD.
Modeling apparent color for visual evaluation of camouflage fabrics

As the U.S. Navy, Army, and Special Operations Forces progress towards fielding more advanced uniforms with multi-colored and highly detailed camouflage patterning, additional test methodologies are necessary in evaluating color in these types of camouflage textiles. The apparent color is the combination of all visible wavelengths (380-760 nm) of light reflected from large (≥1m 2 ) fabric sample sizes for a given standoff distance (10-25ft). Camouflage patterns lose resolution with increasing standoff distance, and eventually all colors within the pattern appear monotone (the “apparent color” of the pattern). This paper presents an apparent color prediction model that can be used for evaluation of camouflage fabrics.
Isolation of metabolic plasmid DNA from Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract Metabolic plasmids conferring on Pseudomonas putida the aromatic growth phenotypes naphthalene, Nah+, salicylate, Sal+, or toluate, Tol+, have been isolated as covalently closed circular DNA in 100 μg amounts. Plasmid DNA was banded in CsCl-ethidium bromide density gradients and sedimentation rates measured in sucrose gradients and by analytical centrifuge. The plasmid sizes found, in millions, were /NAH 42, /SAL 43, /TOL 55, 42. Transformation of metabolic plasmid free P. putida with the isolated DNA confirmed the respective aromatic pathway gene contents.
Integrals of Scalar Functions

Having defined integrability and integrals, we turn next to their properties and to extensions. Some of the properties are general, and reflect the way we expect integrals to behave. Two are specific, and address a need: we defined integrals, but did not say how a typical integral might be evaluated. We will show that two methods familiar from elementary calculus apply to the objects we have defined. More important, we extend the notion of integral to a whole new variety of functions and domains.
Improving design of thermal water activity cell to study thermal resistance of Salmonella in low-moisture foods

Abstract Water activity (aw) influences the thermal resistance (D-value) of pathogens in low-moisture foods (LMF). However, the influence of food matrices on aw at elevated temperatures is complicated. A recent study reported that a novel thermal water activity cell (TAC) could be used to control aw of LMF using LiCl solution (select molality) during the isothermal determination of D-values of Salmonella. This research proposed a new version of TAC (TAC II) that could significantly reduce the time to establish the moisture-equilibrium between LMF and LiCl solutions during D-value measurements. Wheat flour (WF) samples inoculated with Salmonella (aw at room temperature = 0.45) were treated in TAC II at 80 °C under controlled relative humidity (RH) (50%) provided by LiCl solution (9.37 mol kg−1). Results showed that the moisture-equilibrium was established to the controlled RH condition at 80 °C in 14 min for TAC. The D-value of Salmonella PT30 in WF (80 °C, RH 50%) tested with TAC II (20.7 ± 1.1 min) was significantly higher (p
The Flexible Lifestyles Empowering Change (FLEX) Intervention Trial for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes—Primary and Secondary Outcomes

Youth with T1D often have poor glycemic control and compromised health and well-being. Our aim was to test the efficacy of the FLEX adaptive behavioral intervention on the primary (HbA1c) and secondary (psychosocial and metabolic) outcomes at 18 months. Youth (n=258) aged 13-16 years, diagnosed >1 year with T1D with HbA1c from 8.0-13.0%, were randomized at two sites to FLEX or usual care control. Mean (sd) duration of diabetes was 6.4 (3.8) years, 50% were girls, 78% non-Hispanic white, mean HbA1c was 9.6% (1.2) and 71% used insulin pump therapy. FLEX used motivational interviewing and problem-solving skills training to enhance self-management. Intervention fidelity was assessed via random selection of audiotaped sessions for counseling strategy and session content. Intent-to-treat analyses used mixed effects models, with fixed effects of site, timepoint, intervention group, intervention by timepoint and baseline level of primary or secondary outcomes, with a random intercept (alpha=0.05). Retention was 97%, with intervention fidelity 4.6 out of 5 for counseling strategy and 97.4% complete for session content. HbA1c was not statistically significantly different between intervention and control at 18 months. Among secondary outcomes at 18 months, the intervention was associated with improved scores for symptoms of depression (p=0.04), quality of life (p=0.01), motivation (p=0.009), problem-solving (p=0.04), and diabetes self-management profile (p=0.01), as well as better total cholesterol (p=0.04), and better diastolic blood pressure (p=0.01). The FLEX intervention did not change the primary outcome, but did positively effect psychosocial outcomes over the 18 months of the trial. Further analyses will reveal information regarding drivers of positive response to the intervention and will point to directions for improvement in the approach, perhaps incorporating more specific direction towards achievement of glycemic targets. Disclosure E.J. Mayer-Davis: None. F.K. Bishop: None. K.A. Driscoll: None. C.M. Hunter: None. D.M. Maahs: Advisory Panel; Self; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Bigfoot Biomedical, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. M. Seid: None. D. Standiford: None. J. Thomas: None.
Specification and performance evaluation of parallel i/o interfaces for OpenMP

One of the most severe performance limitations of parallel applications today stems from the performance of I/O operations. Numerous projects have shown, that parallel I/O in combination with parallel file systems can significantly improve the performance of I/O operations. However, as of today there is no support for parallel I/O operations for applications using shared-memory programming models such as OpenMP. This paper introduces parallel I/O interfaces for OpenMP. We discuss the rationale of our design decisions, present the interface specification and a prototype implementation with the OpenUH compiler. We evaluate the performance of our implementation for various benchmarks on different file systems and demonstrate the benefits of the new interfaces.
Abstract 21196: Validity of the Seattle Heart Failure Model in Predicting Outcomes on the Transplant Candidate List

Background: Mortality in advanced heart failure (HF) patients (pts) on the transplant (TX) candidate list remains high and reliable assessment of prognosis to allow for timely life saving intervention such as implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or urgent TX (UNOS Status 1A) remains a clinical challenge. The Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) uses easily available clinical variables to derive one-, two-, and three-yr survival rates and average yrs of survival for ambulatory, stable, chronic HF pts. Though, SHFM has been shown to underestimate risk of death in advanced HF pts referred for TX, the use of SHFM in predicting absolute risk among listed TX candidates remains unknown. Methods: Data on 88 consecutive pts (mean age 55± 11 yrs; 80% males; 88% caucasian; mean LVEF 19± 8%; 82% on angiotensin II modulation; 59% on beta blockers; 31% on aldosterone antagonists; 71% with ICD± CRT) listed for TX between January 1, 2006 and April 30 th , 2009 were retrospectively abstracted to calculate the SHFM predicted 1 yr risk of death. This was compared to the observed 1 yr risk of death, and the observed cumulative risk of death or LVAD insertion or urgent TX. The chi-square test and the C statistic were used to evaluate the differences. Results: Conclusions: The SHFM tends to overestimate risk of death among TX candidates and significantly underestimates the cumulative risk of death/LVAD insertion/urgent TX. Other models are therefore needed to reliably assess prognosis in TX candidates.
Two Kinds of Program Specifications

Almost all computer programs interact in some way with the world outside the computer, but this interaction is rather trivial for most programs whose specification or verification has been studied. Thus a program for computing a mathematical function generally has trivial interaction, whereas interaction with the outside world is the essence of a program for controlling the landings of airplanes.
Mathematical Blueprint of a Mitral Valve

Mathematical modeling tries to simplify understanding and proposes a fundamental mechanism that governs the motion and function of a complex biological system such as a mitral valve (MV) motion which represents a dynamic interplay between papillary muscle (PM) position in the context of left ventricular (LV) shape dynamics. Current therapeutic strategies to intervene on the MV may not have exploited these relationships due to lack of understanding of the interactions. We present a MV 3D mathematical model characterized by LV shape dynamics to understand fundamental working principles of ventriculo-papillary-mitral complex. A complex 3D functional unit of MV apparatus was mathematically modeled based on a principle of dynamics. The model comprises of primary components including the annulus, anterior leaflet, posterior leaflet, chordae tendineae, anterior and posterior PM, and LV wall based on normal anatomical reference values from published series. Simulations based on Carpentier's classification of MV disease were created as well as based on LV shape dynamics and presented graphically. Autodesk Inventor (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA) and Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA) were used for modeling and analysis. A stepwise analysis and mathematical models of the annulus, leaflets, chords, PMs, and LV were obtained by combining finite element analysis and computerized model creations. The model was then applied to Carpentier's functional classification. PM positions extrapolated based on different LV deformation in normal and mitral regurgitation (MR) model resulted in a different degree of MV leaflet coaptation with regurgitation (presented numerically and graphically). Abnormal MV coaptation was amended by manipulating PM positions independent with LV size or shape deformation, demonstrating that PM positioning maneuver may improve leaflet coaptation. LV dilation combined with increased interpapillary muscle distance turned out to intensify the level of leaflet prolapse, creating even greater regurgitation volume. Our mathematical model may provide a clue to complex interactions in play within a mitral, papillary, and LV complex. The model offers a possibility of manipulating various variables to obtain the desired outcome.
Optimized Compression Policy for Flying Ad hoc Networks

Managing energy consumption for computation and communication is a key requirement for flying ad hoc networks (FANET) to prolong the network lifetime. In many applications, the main role of drones is to collect imagery information and relay them to a ground station for further processing and decision making. In this paper, we present a predictive compression policy to maximize the end-to-end image quality penalized by the communication and computation costs. The idea is to predict the number of remaining links to the destination for a given routing algorithm and use it to re-compress image frames at intermediate nodes such that the overall energy consumption is minimized. Numerical results confirm that the performance of this method is within 4% of the global optima and higher than the current fixed-rate policies with a significant margin.