cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A web based Foundations of Radiological Physics for diagnostic radiology residents.

Rationale and Objects We describe a new web-based physics course for radiology residents preparing for the Exam of the Future (EOF). Materials and Methods A course was developed with a total of 12 web-based modules. Six modules were focused on “imaging” and six on “radiation.” A module was subdivided into nine short “nuggets.” Traditional lectures were replaced by modules using prerecorded lectures (Tegrity) to a secure website (WebCT). Each module was accompanied by three quizzes, each consisting of ten questions designed to reinforce covered materials. All online modules were accompanied by a noon conference that employed an Audience Response System (Turning Point). Seventeen first-year residents over 2 consecutive years beginning in July 2010 took this new course, and participated in an anonymous online follow-up survey (Survey Monkey). Results The recorded 12 modules had an overall average duration of 72 ± 19 minutes. Ten of 17 residents expressed a preference of 15 minutes for nugget duration. Highest personal assessment scores of each resident's understanding were obtained in human radiation risks and radiation protection. Residents considered supplemental noon conferences to be important for learning radiological physics. Satisfaction level was largely positive, with five residents highly satisfied, nine residents somewhat satisfied, two residents neutral, and only one resident somewhat dissatisfied. Conclusions Our Foundations of Radiological Physics course was well received and served as the springboard for mastering x-ray–based imaging modalities of radiography, mammography, fluoroscopy, interventional radiology, and computed tomography.
ADAPTATIONS OF NEMATODES TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES

Nematodes are a highly diverse group of organisms that show a variety of adaptations to extremes in soil and plant environments. Developmental dormancy and diapause are important for seasonal survival and long-term longevity of eggs in some species, whereas changing sex ratios may improve survival chances of the next generation in some instances. More direct and immediate responses to environmental conditions include aggregation or the formation of relatively resistant dauer larvae. Many nematodes can undergo temporary quiescence in response to environmental stress, and entry into anhydrobiosis or other extreme states allows long-term survival in unusually stressful environments. These inactive survival stages may make up a substantial proportion of the nematode population in some terrestrial environments.
Food Deserts: A Global Crisis in New York City

This paper discusses the global issue of inner city food deserts. These are areas in which healthy and affordable food options are not available. Research has shown that a lack of nutrition leads to further health problems, cognitive gaps, and unpromising trajectories. Here, past research is analyzed and current programs are evaluated. This article focuses on food deserts in New York City, specifically in Harlem. Some field research is also included. Following a detailed review of the situation, practical recommendations are made to alleviate this crisis.
Criteria of Operability in Advanced Breast Cancer

Radical resection of the breast, pectoral muscles, and regional lymph nodes for breast cancer was popularized by William S. Halsted late in the nineteenth Century, and became the mainstay for treat-ment. The lack of benefit from this Operation for some patients was first appreciated by Haagensen who, in classic publications with Stout in 1942 and 1943, described clinical features that were predictors of a shortened life expectancy after radical mastectomy (Haagensen and Stout 1942, 1943). Based on a series of 640 patients treated by radical mastectomy, they defined what they called “specific criteria of clinical inoperability” in patients who were considered technically resectable at the time of initial clinical presentation but who experienced early recurrence after surgery. Haagensen and Stout concluded from their thoughtful analysis that other treatment strategies for the management of these patients with locally more advanced breast cancer had to be found.
Understanding Academic Genres

In “Understanding Academic Genres,” we list and define typical formats associated with academic publishing (abstracts, conference presentations, book reviews, bibliographical essays, journal articles, book chapters, monograph proposals, book-length studies, edited collections, conference proceedings, etc.), providing guidelines for producing these texts. We also discuss other forms of intellectual inquiry and academic publishing (podcasts, grant writing, bibliographical entries, writing for non-profits, editing, blogging, annotated bibs, etc.) that provide other ways to begin producing and supporting research.
Doppler Phenomenology and Data Acquisition

Many signal processing techniques used by modern radars take advantage of the differences in the Doppler frequency characteristics of targets, clutter, and noise to minimize the interference competing with the target signals, and thus to improve the probability of detection and the measurement accuracy. Consequently, it is useful to study the Doppler frequency characteristics of typical radar signals. The chapter begins by showing how the Doppler shift predicted by special relativity reduces to the very good standard approximation commonly used in radar, including in this book. The dependence on radial velocity is described. The principal focus of this chapter is on the Doppler spectrum of pulsed radar signals. The spectrum of the received signal for idealized stationary and moving point targets viewed with a finite pulse train waveform is developed step by step with key Fourier transform relationships introduced as required. These results are used to illustrate the concept of Doppler resolution. Attention then shifts to practical measurement of Doppler shift using finite pulse trains and Fourier analysis of the pulse-to-pulse phase shift. In doing so, the idea of coherent detection, first introduced in Chapter 1, is revisited. Finally, the contributions of noise, clutter, and moving targets are described to build an understanding of the range-Doppler or range-velocity distribution as viewed by stationary or moving (airborne or spaceborne) radars. The clutter foldover (ambiguity) effects on this distribution of range and velocity ambiguities are described and illustrated.
Revision of Anchytarsus (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea) and a key to the New World genera of Ptilodactylidae.

A diagnosis of adults of the family is given. Anchytarus is revised, the two previously recognized species are redescribed, and A. folliculipalpus , sp. nov. is described from Central and South America. The three are illustrated and keyed. The genus Tetraglossa Champion is synonymized with Anchytarsus Guerin-Meneville, its single species becomes Anchytarsus palpalis (Champion), and a lectotype is designated. The larva of A. bicolor is illustrated and described along with two previously unknown larval Anchytarsus. The larva of A. palpalis is diagnosed. The four recognized larvae are keyed. The biologies of A. bicolor and A. palpalis are reviewed. Anchytarsus substriatus Champion and A. instriatus Pic are placed incertae sedis. The genera Cladobradus Pic and Bertrandia Pic are excluded from the Ptilodactylidae and a key to the New World genera is presented.
Playful cards, serious talk: a qualitative research technique to elicit women’s embodied experiences

This article explores the benefits, drawbacks, and potential applications of an interviewing technique based on the use of cards printed with key research concepts related to the body. Informed by ...
Thermal pretreatment of a high lignin SSF digester residue to increase its softening point

Abstract Residues high in lignin and ash generated from the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn stover were thermally pretreated in an inert (N2) atmosphere to study the effect of time and temperature on their softening points. These residues are difficult to feed into gasifiers due to premature thermal degradation and formation of reactive liquids in the feed lines, leading to plugging. The untreated and treated residues were characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, and then analyzed via TGA, DSC, 13C NMR, Py-GC–MS, CHNO/S, and TMA. Interpretation of the compositional analysis indicates that the weight loss observed during pretreatment is mainly due to the thermal decomposition and volatilization of the hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose fractions. Fixed carbon increases in the pretreated material, mostly due to a concentration effect rather than the formation of new extra poly-aromatic material. The optimal processing time and temperature to minimize the production of carbonyl groups in the pretreated samples was 300 °C at a time of 30 min. Results showed that the softening point of the material could be increased from 187 °C to 250 °C, and that under the experimental conditions studied, pretreatment temperature plays a more important role than time. The increase in softening point was mainly due to the formation of covalent bonds in the lignin structures and the removal of low molecular weight volatile intermediates.
What Does the P-E Ratio Mean?

The P-E ratio of S&P 500 stocks is found to be fairly well explained by future (ex post) movements of corporate earnings and interest rates. Stock markets appear to foresee as far as eight years with reasonable accuracy. This finding suggests that the P-E ratio is of limited use as a measure of stock valuation.
Flow Cytometric Determination of the Multidrug Resistant Phenotype in Transitional Cell Cancer of the Bladder: Implications and Applications

AbstractWe detail our experience with a monoclonal antibody to detect the cell surface P-glycoprotein product of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) in the human bladder. A total of 32 patients had 44 different specimens analyzed. The samples consisted of 8 normal bladders, 21 transitional cell carcinomas, 1 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 3 P-0 bladder wall specimens and 10 nonmalignant urothelial samples from cystectomies. P-glycoprotein was not detected in the normal adult or pediatric bladder. Bladder specimens from 3 children with a neurogenic bladder revealed enhanced expression (21%, 14% and 4% positivity). Transitional cell carcinoma usually demonstrates low expression at diagnosis (less than 6%), although 3 patients had enhanced initial expression (11%, 12% and 31%). Three patients treated with chemotherapy demonstrated 56%, 76% and 50% expression of MDR-1. Nonmalignant tissue from cystectomy specimens had low expression of MDR-1. The specificity of this system was confirmed with human bladder cell li...
Assessment of disease specific knowledge and health-related quality of life among United States military veterans with inflammatory bowel disease.

AIM: To evaluate the association between patient disease knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) and identify patient and disease related predictors of patient knowledge of IBD. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of IBD patients with an established diagnosis of IBD longer than 3 mo prior to enrollment. The Crohn’s and colitis knowledge score (CCKNOW) and short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) were self-administered to assess patient knowledge of IBD and HRQoL, respectively. Demographic and disease characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. The correlation between CCKNOW and SIBDQ scores was assessed by a linear regression model. Associations of patient knowledge and the variables of interest were calculated using ANOVA. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were recruited. Caucasian race, younger age at diagnosis, and having a college or post-graduate degree were significantly associated with higher CCKNOW scores. Patients with CD had higher CCKNOW scores compared to patients with ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified, P < 0.01. There was no significant correlation between overall CCKNOW and SIBDQ scores (r2 = 0.34, P = 0.13). The knowledge sub-domain of diet in CCKNOW was negatively correlated with HRQoL (r2 = 0.69, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: IBD diagnosis at a younger age in addition to Caucasian race and higher education were significantly associated with higher knowledge about IBD. However, patient knowledge of IBD was not correlated with HRQoL. Further studies are required to study the effect of patient knowledge of IBD on other clinical outcomes.
Comment: A quick and reliable test of peripheral vestibular function—On an impulse

The head impulse test paradigm (HIMP), also known as head impulse test or video head impulse test, is a test of peripheral vestibular function based on the principle that normal vestibulo-ocular reflex function drives both eyes in a direction equal and opposite that of a rapid head movement. Hence, a quick turn of the head toward an ear with vestibular loss results in the eyes moving with the head instead of opposite the head. In this Class III, prospective, case-control study of patients with unilateral (n = 5) or bilateral (n = 5) vestibular loss, and normal participants (n = 6), MacDougall et al.1 introduce a new complementary addition to HIMP referred to as the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP). Video recordings were performed of responses to 20 random manually applied head impulse movements of between 150° and 250°/s; these were done with attention to the corrective or compensatory saccades that followed.
Getting along and getting ahead: Affiliation and dominance predict ambulatory blood pressure.

OBJECTIVE Based in interpersonal theory, the present study tested associations of trait affiliation (i.e., warmth vs. hostility) and control (i.e., dominance vs. submissiveness) with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and momentary affective experiences. METHODS Ninety-four married couples (mean age 29.6) completed trait affiliation and control measures, and a 1-day protocol with random interval-contingent measurements of ABP and affective experience. RESULTS Higher trait control (i.e., dominance) predicted higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) in men, but not in women. For both men and women, high affiliation predicted lower SBP. These associations occurred within individuals (i.e., actor effects) but not between spouses (i.e., partner effects). Dominance and affiliation also predicted momentary affect. CONCLUSIONS Associations of dominance and affiliation with ABP may indicate a mechanism by which trait social behavior influences CVD risk. These findings also illustrate the interpersonal perspective as an integrative framework for research on psychosocial risk for CVD.
Distributed load shedding over directed communication networks with time delays

When generation is insufficient to support all loads in a power system under emergencies, effective and efficient load shedding needs to be deployed in order to prevent system collapse. This paper presents a ratio consensus based distributed algorithm to discover the system overload after disturbance. In the proposed algorithm, the agent at each bus only communicates with its neighboring agents via directed communication links possibly with arbitrarily large but bounded time-varying communication delays. Simulation results are used to validate the proposed method.
The antiquity of Asia: priests, legislators and the tragedy of history

Having opened the route for compass-voyaging Europeans into the Indian Ocean and the China Seas, the Portuguese are followed by the corsairs and trading companies of other western nations: in order of arrival, the Dutch, English, French and a group of mainly Baltic powers, who complete a global loop by making contact with the overland Russians when these have begun to explore the Behring Straits. Each (the Baltic–Russian group collectively) is the subject of a section or livre of the Histoire des deux Indes , in which the authors set out the history of each nation, the origin and development of its commerce, the ways (usually malignant) in which the latter has affected its esprit ; and together with this, what can be said of the natural and human environments, in and around the Asian ocean basins, with which each interacted in setting up the etablissements de son commerce . Each ‘book’ of the Histoire's first volume can therefore be thought of as organised around two histories, the one European and commercial, the other Asian and natural; or rather, this would be the case if the Asian cultures reviewed were uniformly mere features of the natural landscape, like the picturesque ‘savages’ who appear in the prints of the era, so that the ‘history’ written of them was a mere histoire naturelle . But in the eastern seas this is usually not the case; the natural man appears from time to time, but his and her true habitat is the Americas.
Autologous (Auto) and Allogeneic (Allo) Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) for Pateints (pts) with Advanced Chronic Lymphoctic Leukemia (CLL): A Comparative Study.

Background: AlloSCT is a potential curative treatment for pts with advanced CLL but alloSCT is limited by significant acute and chronic treatment related toxicities and the availability of HLA matched donors. AutoSCT is widely used for treatment of acute leukemia and aggressive lymphoma but rarely used for pts with CLL. This retrospective analysis describes the outcomes of 27 patients from our institution who have undergone either autologous or allogenic SCT for treatment of their advanced CLL. We also compare their transplant outcomes. Patients and methods: Between 08/98 and 07/07, 27 pts (M;22; median age 54.1, range 37–61) with variable RAI-Sawistsky stage CLL at the time of histological diagnosis (RAI I for 14 patients) underwent SCT (10 autoSCT, 17 matched related donors, 3 matched unrelated donors) Fourteen patients (52%) had a normal karyotype, 13q deletion and trisomy 12 occurring in six and four patients respectively. Median disease duration prior to transplant was 41.7 months (range 5–121). The indication for transplant was refractory disease for most patients. Preparative regimens consisted of Cyclophosphamide (Cy) + TBI (6), Fludarabine (Flu)+Cy (6), Rituximab (R) +Cy+TBI (4) R +melphalan + flu (4) and others (7). NCI complete remission (CR) criteria, flow cytometry, cytogenetics and chimerism data, as available, were used to assess response to therapy. Results: All 27 patients engrafted, with a mean neutrophil engraftment time of 13.5 days (range 9–24). From the group of patients that received allogeneic transplant, eight (47%) developed acute GVHD, with a median time of 18 days after transplant. Seventeen patients (62%) achieved CR on day +100 by marrow morphology, 15 out of 19 by flow cytometry and 13 out of 15 patients had normal chimerism studies. Non relapse mortality (NRM) on day +100 was 14.8% (17.6% for allo, 0% for auto). Estimated actuarial survival at 3 years for all patients was 68% (65% for alloSCT and 72% for the autoSCT group).Disease free survival at 3 years was defined as the percentage of patients who remained in CR 3 years following transplant. DFS was 62% for the whole group (77% for autoSCT and 51% for the patients who received an alloSCT). Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated high remission rate after both autologous and allogeneic SCT, however, the transplant outcomes (day 100 NRM, DFS and OS) favors autologous over allogeneic with toxicity related death accounted for most of the treatment failures after an alloSCT. Our results suggested that AutoSCT warranted further studies, in particular for older patients and those without a suitable donor.
Distribution of lod scores under uncertain mode of inheritance.

Abstract We consider probability distributions of alternative lod statistics, differing in their treatment of segregation parameters when mode of inheritance is uncertain. A particular pedigree structure and a dominant genetic system displaying incomplete penetrance are analyzed. Lod scores calculated assuming an incorrect segregation model appear to conform quite well to the chi 2 distribution in the absence of linkage. In the presence of linkage, some power is lost. However, if lod scores are calculated under several different segregation models and the best one is accepted, opportunity for chance occurrence of high lod scores is enhanced. The distribution is still chi 2, but with extra degrees of freedom. These results hold over a wide range of sample sizes and segregation models, including small samples and low levels of penetrance.
Deletion at 2q24.3-31.1 resulting in severe Epileptic Encephalopathy and Episodic Autonomic Storming

We describe an 11.5-year-old male who has profound intellectual disability, treatment resistant epilepsy with temperature sensitive seizures, and paroxysms of autonomic storming, atypical brain magnetic resonance imaging, and microcephaly. He has a 5.7 Mb deletion at 2q24.3-31.1, which includes the SCN1A gene. This is the first report of periodic and recurrent autonomic storming associated with Dravet syndrome, which is both prevented and treated with clonidine. Comparison to other reported individuals with the same deletion and genotype-phenotype correlations are discussed.
Hydrogen bonding motifs in structurally characterized salts of the tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt trication, [Co(en)3]3+; An interpretive review, including implications for catalysis

Abstract Werner tris(1,2-diamine) cobalt(III) complexes have emerged as a powerful class of hydrogen bond donor catalysts for enantioselective organic synthesis. Mechanistic insight is sought by examining the structures of salts of the parent trication [Co(en)3]3+ (en = ethylenediamine), more than 150 of which have been crystallographically characterized. First, fundamental stereochemical features of the trication (symmetry, cobalt configuration, chelate conformation), and its resolution into enantiomers, are reviewed. Interactions between the trication and counter anions are then analyzed in detail. Hydrogen bonding is always observed, even when the anions are poor hydrogen bond acceptors, and a systematic nomenclature is developed. Some hydrogen bonding patterns recur, and a few are conspicuously absent. However, there are no “conserved motifs”. This suggests that this catalyst family is capable of varied types of interactions with organic substrates, and diverse modes of catalytic activation.
ΔNeff and entropy production from early-decaying gravitinos

Gravitinos are a fundamental prediction of supergravity, their mass (${m}_{G}$) is informative of the value of the SUSY breaking scale, and, if produced during reheating, their number density is a function of the reheating temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{rh}}$). As a result, constraining their parameter space provides, in turn, significant constraints on particle physics and cosmology. We have previously shown that for gravitinos decaying into photons or charged particles during the ($\ensuremath{\mu}$ and $y$) distortion eras, upcoming CMB spectral distortions bounds are highly effective in constraining the ${T}_{\mathrm{rh}}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{G}$ space. For heavier gravitinos (with lifetimes shorter than a few $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{sec}$), distortions are quickly thermalized and energy injections cause a temperature rise for the CMB bath. If the decay occurs after neutrino decoupling, its overall effect is a suppression of the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom (${N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$). In this paper, we utilize the observational bounds on ${N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ to constrain gravitino decays and, hence, provide new constraints on gravitinos and reheating. For gravitino masses less than $\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, current observations give an upper limit on the reheating scale in the range of $\ensuremath{\approx}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}--5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. For masses greater than $\ensuremath{\approx}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, this can be more stringent than previous bounds from BBN constraints, coming from photodissociation of deuterium, by almost 2 orders of magnitude.
Allicin-inspired pyridyl disulfides as antimicrobial agents for multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract A chemical library comprised of nineteen synthesized pyridyl disulfides that emulate the chemical reactivity of allicin (garlic) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria. Gram-positive species including vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA, VRSA) demonstrated the highest level of susceptibility toward analogs with S -alkyl chains of 7–9 carbons in length. Further biological studies revealed that the disulfides display synergy with vancomycin against VRSA, cause dispersal of S. aureus biofilms, exhibit low cytotoxicity, and decelerate S. aureus metabolism. In final analysis, pyridyl disulfides represent a novel class of mechanism-based antibacterial agents that have a potential application as antibiotic adjuvants in combination therapy of S. aureus infections with reduced vancomycin susceptibility.
Estimation of salt intake by questionnaire.

A questionnaire designed to assess salt intake was tested. This involved principal components analysis of responses from 155 subjects to find the underlying components related to the questions. Validation of the questionnaire used 7-day urinary sodium excretion for 33 subjects, along with table and cooking salt usage over 7-days. This gave comparatively good prediction for total intake (r = 0·66) and table salt use (r = 0·70) but not for cooking salt use (r = 0·17). Test-retest reliability for the estimate of total intake was r = 0·75. This method would therefore offer a useful estimate of total intake, especially where group means are required rather than accurate estimates of individual intakes.
Determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adults: Results from a population-based survey

Background:Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is rising in the Western world, but studies from the Nordic countries are lacking. Many countries are implementing policy changes, brought about for example by the 2014 European Tobacco Products Directive, and monitoring e-cigarette use is considered important. The aim of this article is to account for the prevalence of e-cigarette use among the Finnish adult population and to examine correlates of ever use and current use of e-cigarettes prior to some changes in the Finnish regulatory scheme.Methods:A population-based survey was conducted in 2014. A representative random sample (N = 7000) of Finnish people aged 15–69 years was drawn from the Finnish Population Information System. Data were collected by self-administered anonymous online/postal questionnaire. The response rate was 50% (n = 3485). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between e-cigarette use and different explanatory variables.Results:Of all participan...
THE SIGNALS OF BEING OPPRESSED AND THE OPPRESSORS IN THE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF EDUCATION. A CASE STUDY OF VIETNAM FROM CRITICAL THEORIES

In light of Freire Today, this paper aims to present the results from a case study in Vietnam about the teachers’ perception of education with the recognized signals of being oppressed and the oppressors in their teaching. This study was conducted to clarify the problems preventing education to be developed in this context with the participants from 3 provinces in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The qualitative data was collected through using a mixture of 7 interviews and 10 opened-question surveys due to the geographical difficulties. The data collection was framed by using the Padilla’s (1994) techniques of unfolding matrix for data analysis. The findings show that the authoritarian education remains unchanged or slowly transformed with the signals of the teachers as both the oppressors to their learners and the oppressed in their working system. The findings would be meaningful during the ways to figure out the real challenges of current Vietnamese educational system in which critical theories could be considered as one of the possible solutions.
White Folks: Race and Identity in Rural America

White Folks explores the experiences and stories of eight white people from a small farming community in northern Wisconsin. It examines how white people learn to be ‘white’ and reveals how white racial identity is dependent on people of color—even in situations where white people have little or no contact with racial others. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Delores, Frank, William, Erin, Robert, Libby, and Stan, as well as on his own experiences growing up in this same rural community, Lensmire creates a portrait of white people that highlights how their relations to people of color and their cultures are seldom simple and are characterized not just by fear and rejection, but also by attraction, envy, and desire. White Folks helps readers recognize the profound ambivalence that has characterized white thinking and feeling in relation to people of color for at least the last two hundred years. There is nothing smooth about the souls of white folks. Current antiracist work is often grounded in a white privilege framework that has proven ineffective — in part because it reduces white people to little more than the embodiment of privilege. Lensmire provides an alternative that confronts the violence at the core of white racial selves that has become increasingly visible in American society and politics, but that also illuminates conflicts and complexities there.
Postoperative chemotherapy as effective as preoperative for N2-positive stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

7533 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is superior to surgery alone for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal (N2) lymph node involvement. It is uncle...
Cultural Humility and Dewey’s Pattern of Inquiry: Developing Good Attitudes and Overcoming Bad Habits

When we assume that we have cultural competence rather than thoroughly engaging in what Dewey calls the pattern of inquiry, we fail to achieve cultural humility. By analyzing how habits undermine inquiry and underlie failure in situations that call for cultural humility, we may be better equipped to address unintentional offenses. In this essay, I define cultural humility and contrast it with cultural competence, explaining why aiming for cultural competence alone is problematic. Next, I consider the attributes necessary for cultural humility and the attitudes that Dewey considers beneficial for inquiry. This is followed by an outline of Dewey’s pattern of inquiry and explanation of how unquestioned habits of thought short-circuit our ability to become culturally humble. I suggest that we forgo attempting to achieve cultural competence and instead use Dewey’s pattern of inquiry with the attitudes he recommends as tools to work toward cultural humility.
A framework for sparse adaptive system identification via integrating a new multiple time-varying stepsize and zero-attracting techniques

In order to reduce the trading-off between the quality of identifying sparse systems and the convergence speed, a new time varying stepsize integrated with sparsity-based LMS technique is proposed. We presented two algorithms that adopt this new time adjusting stepsize in their gradient correction and zero-attractor terms of weight recursion equation. An individual time adjusting stepsize and time adjusting zero-attracting parameter for each filter coefficient are utilized in this work to enhance the tracking ability of the impulse response of an unknown system. The modifying stepsize and zero-attracting of each tap of the adaptive filter mainly relies on the logarithm value of the adaptive filter input power and the input tap signal associated to that tap. The proposed algorithms introduce typical outcomes when the system nature is highly sparse. They perform a perfect balancing between convergence rate and steady-state mean square error compared with others. Compared with VSSLMS, ZA-VSSLMS, and WZA-VSSLMS, the proposed algorithm exhibit a paramount performance when the sparseness measure of the system decreases. The improved performances of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated through the simulation results. Our algorithms deliver faster convergence while attaining a lower level of Mean Square Deviation (MSD) under various sparseness than several other equivalent techniques. Furthermore, they produce superior performance under white Gaussian and correlated input signals compared with their counterpart algorithms.
A mid-Cretaceous pycnidia, Palaeomycus epallelus gen. et sp. nov., in Myanmar amber

Five separate epiphyllous pycnidia on the remains of an angiosperm leaf in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber are described as Palaeomycus epallelus gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is characterized by dar...
Das Wesen des Todes und die Verlängerung des Lebens des Eies durch die Befruchtung

Claude Bernard gibt an einer Stelle eine Aufzahlung der verschiedenen Definitionen des Lebens.1) Darunter ist diejenige von Bichat besonders interessant: „Das Leben ist die Gesamtheit der Krafte, welche dem Tode widerstehen.” Bernard erwahnt ferner, das bereits die Enzyklopadie eine ahnliche, wenngleich naivere Definition des Lebens gegeben hatte, namlich das „das Leben der Gegensatz des Todes sei”. Auch Humboldt braucht eine Definition, welche darauf hinweist, das das Leben darin bestehe, der Auflosung zu widerstehen.
Portable and small-scale stationary hydrogen production from micro-reactor systems

Abstract: Hydrogen production using micro-reactor systems leverages the advantages of micron and millimeter characteristic dimensions of having higher surface-to-volume ratio, which enables intensified heat and mass transfer leading to compact equipment sizes. Size shrinking is not a goal by itself – it is an enabling platform toward implementation of process intensification. The key enablers for successful design and operation of micro-reactor systems for hydrogen production relates to fabrication materials, catalyst integration, heat integration and reactor thermal behavior, and manifolding and scale-up. This technology for portable and mobile applications, as well as small stationary applications, are at their beginning, with promising development and demonstration achievements promoted by several industrial suppliers such as Velocys, Heatric, and Institute fur Mikrotechnik Mainz (IMM).
Industrial Ecology in a Developing Context

Industrial ecology has emerged in recent years as a new multi-disciplinary field at the nexus of environmental science, engineering, business, and policy. Reflecting a systems view, industrial ecology sees industry embedded in the natural systems that surround it. This chapter offers explanations of industrial ecology concepts as well as practical examples and short case descriptions. It examines principles of industrial ecology; describes its core elements including design for environment, lifecycle analysis, material flow analysis, and industrial symbiosis; reviews policy approaches, discusses the relevance of industrial ecology in a developing world context, and discusses the parallel relationship of industrial ecology to the notion of the circular economy as it is developing in China.
Перспективы Российского Рубля Как Региональной Резервной Валюты (Prospects for the Russian Ruble as a Regional Reserve Currency)

Russian Abstract: Кризисные явления 2007–2009 гг. продемонстрировали, что финансовые рынки ведущих экономик мира могут быть подвержены масштабным системным потрясениям. Одним из проявлений кризиса стало падение объемов международной торговли и значительный отток капитала из развивающихся стран. Данная работа рассматривает вопрос становления российского рубля в качестве региональной резервной валюты.English Abstract: 2007-2009 global financial crisis demonstrated that financial markets of major countries can be subject to the large scale system shocks. One of the manifestations of the crisis was the slump of the global trade and significant capital outflow from the emerging markets. This papers deals with the issue of the Russian ruble becoming a regional reserve currency.
Enabling 3d ultrasound procedure guidance through enhanced visualization

Real-time 3D ultrasound (3DUS) imaging offers improved spatial orientation information relative to 2D ultrasound. However, in order to improve its efficacy in guiding minimally invasive intra-cardiac procedures where real-time visual feedback of an instrument tip location is crucial, 3DUS volume visualization alone is inadequate. This paper presents a set of enhanced visualization functionalities that are able to track the tip of an instrument in slice views at real-time. User study with in vitro porcine heart indicates a speedup of over 30% in task completion time.
Status of Compound Semiconductor Device Reliability

A review is made of compound semiconductor device reliability from the period 1980 to the present. Emphasis is placed on technology based on field effect transistors (FETs). Many reliability studies were made of small signal GaAs FETs in the 1970s and of GaAs power FETs in the 1980’s; a substantial reliability base exists for these devices. However, there remains a lack of reliability data for GaAs devices such as digital ICs, MMICs, and heterojunction transistors (HEMTs, HBTs). Future directions for high reliability lie in device designs to reduce channel and junction temperatures, reduction in interdiffusion and ion migration between metal/semiconductor layers and between semiconductor layers, and in the development of high temperature stable Schottky barrier metallizations and Ohmic contacts.
The nasal microbiome: opening new clinical research avenues for allergic disease.

The human nasal mucosa is home to a large number of microorganisms. While commensal microorganisms and their metabolites maintain the stability of their habitat in a symbiotic system, disturbances ...
Genetic structure of invasive babys breath (Gypsophila paniculata) populations in a freshwater Michigan dune system

Coastal sand dunes are dynamic ecosystems with elevated levels of disturbance, and as such they are highly susceptible to plant invasions. One such invasion that is of major concern to the Great Lakes dune systems is that of perennial babys breath (Gypsophila paniculata). The invasion of babys breath negatively impacts native species such as the federal threatened Pitchers thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) that occupy the open sand habitat of the Michigan dune system. Our research goals were to (1) quantify the genetic diversity of invasive babys breath populations in the Michigan dune system, and (2) estimate the genetic structure of these invasive populations. We analyzed 12 populations at 14 nuclear and 2 chloroplast microsatellite loci. We found strong genetic structure among populations of babys breath sampled along Michigans dunes (global FST = 0.228), and also among two geographic regions that are separated by the Leelanau peninsula. Pairwise comparisons using the nSSR data among all 12 populations yielded significant FST values. Results from a Bayesian clustering analysis suggest two main population clusters. Isolation by distance was found over all 12 populations (R = 0.755, P < 0.001) and when only cluster 2 populations were included (R = 0.523, P = 0.030); populations within cluster 1 revealed no significant relationship (R = 0.205, P = 0.494). Private nSSR alleles and cpSSR haplotypes within each cluster suggest the possibility of at least two separate introduction events to Michigan.
Electrical Tuning of Exciton-Polaritons in Monolayer WS 2

We present an approach to dynamically control the interaction between excitons in monolayer WS 2 and microcavity photons at room temperature. This is achieved by tuning the oscillator strength of the WS 2 excitons in the presence of charged carriers induced by electrostatic gating.
A Review of Molecular Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Methods, & Clinical Applications

Authors: Lela Buckingham PhD and Maribeth L Flaws PhD, Publisher: F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, Paperback: 462 pages, Date: May 2007, ISBN-13: 978-0803616592, ISBN-10: 0803616597 1. John P Seabolt, EdD MT(ASCP)SM,SV 1. is academic coordinator, Department of Biology, 101 Morgan Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506-0225. (859) 257-7652. (jpseab01{at}uky.edu) As stated in the preface, the audience for this textbook is primarily clinical laboratory science students at all levels. However, it also would be well-suited for pathology residents, infectious disease personnel, and other health-related disciplinarians who have a need to understand the purpose, principle, and interpretation of molecular diagnostic testing. Molecular diagnostic laboratory practitioners will find the book to be an excellent reference resource. The book is composed of three sections and sixteen chapters. Section I, “Fundamentals of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry: An Overview”, contains three chapters devoted to ‘DNA’, ‘RNA’, and ‘Proteins’. Section II, “Common Techniques in Molecular Biology”, contains six chapters devoted to ‘Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods’, ‘Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids’, ‘Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins’, ‘Nucleic Acid Amplification’, ‘Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations’, ‘Gene Mutations’, and ‘DNA Sequencing’. Section III, “Techniques in the Clinical Lab”, contains six chapters devoted to ‘DNA Polymorphism and Human Identification’, ‘Detection and Identification of Microorganisms’, ‘Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases’, ‘Molecular Oncology’, ‘DNA-based Tissue Typing’, and ‘Quality Assurance, and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory’. Thus, the content represents the service offered by a comprehensive molecular diagnostic laboratory. Each chapter contains a brief outline of its content, learning objectives, well-suited content, study questions, and references. Answers to study questions are provided in an appendix. Topical subheadings in each chapter are printed in bold black letters, highlighted green; diagrams are in green and gray. There is a total of 312 illustrations. Key terms are in bold and defined where…
Validating the Commercially Available Garmin Fenix 5x Wrist-Worn Optical Sensor for Aerobic Capacity

Recreational exercisers continue to take a greater interest in monitoring their personal fitness levels. One of the more notable measurements that are monitored and estimated by wrist-worn tracking devices is maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max), which is currently the accepted measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Traditional methods of obtaining VO2max present expensive barriers, whereas new wearable technology, such as of the Garmin Fenix 5x (GF5) provides a more cost-effective alternative. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of the GF5 VO2max estimation capabilities against the ParvoMedics TrueOne 2400 (PMT) metabolic measurement system in recreational runners. METHODS: Twenty-five recreational runners (17 male and 8 female) ages 18-55 participated in this study. Participants underwent two testing sessions: one consisting of the Bruce Protocol utilizing the PMT, while the other test incorporated the GF5 using the Garmin outdoor protocol. Both testing sessions were conducted within a few days of each other, with a minimum of 24 hours rest between sessions. RESULTS: The mean VO2max values for the PMT trial (49.1 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min) and estimation for the GF5 trial (47 ± 6.0 mL/kg/min) were found to be significantly different (t = 2.21, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: The average difference between the GF5 estimation and the PMT was 2.16 ml/kg/min. Therefore, the watch is not as accurate compared to a PMT for obtaining VO2max. However, although not statically significant, the proximity of scores to the PMT shows that the GF5 can be an option for a person seeking an affordable and easily available method of determining VO2max.
A systematic approach to optimize electronic health record medication alerts in a health system.

PURPOSE The effectiveness of a systematic, streamlined approach to optimize drug-drug interaction alerts in an electronic health record for a health system was studied. METHODS An 81-week quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate interventions made to medication-related clinical decision-support (CDS) alerts. Medication-related CDS alerts were systematically reduced using a multi disciplinary healthcare committee. The primary endpoint was weekly overall, modification, and acknowledgement rates of medication alerts after drug-drug interaction reclassification. Secondary endpoints included sub analysis of types of medication alerts (drug-drug interaction and duplicate therapy alerts) and alert use by providers (pharmacist and prescribers). Data was analyzed using interrupted time series regression analysis. RESULTS After implementation of the new alert system, total number of weekly inpatient alerts decreased from 68,900 (66,300-70,900) and 50,300 (48,600-53,600) in the postintervention period (p < 0.001). The perentage of alerts acknowledged weekly increased from 11.8% (IQR, 11.4-12.1%) in the preintervention period to 13.7% (IQR, 13.3-14.0%) in the postintervention period (p < 0.001). The percentage of alerts that were modified also increased from 5.0% (IQR, 4.9-5.3%) in the preintervention period to 7.3% (IQR, 7.0-7.6%) in the postintervention period (p < 0.001). Both increases were primarily seen with pharmacists versus other healthcare professionals (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A committee-led systematic approach to optimizing drug-drug interactions facilitated a significant decrease in the overall number of alerts and an increase in both medication alert acknowledgement and modification rates.
Fecal Glucocorticoid Response to Periodic Social Stress in Male Green Anoles, Anolis carolinensis

Agonistic encounters necessary for territory establishment and maintenance can be stressful for those involved. Stress responsiveness associated with territorial behavior can occur on both acute and chronic temporal scales contingent upon social status. Social interactions that recur for territory maintenance pose periodic stressors that incur variable physiological costs across social ranks. Adult males of the Green Anole, Anolis carolinensis, experience stressful social encounters during territorial disputes as individuals contest status within a dominance hierarchy. Dominant males in stable territories are known to exhibit greener body coloration and lower levels of stress hormone, corticosterone, relative to their subordinate counterparts. Periodic interactions with novel competitors, however, may induce comparable levels of cumulative glucocorticoid secretion regardless of social status. Glucocorticoid metabolites excreted in feces can be quantified to assess the chronic hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to periodic social stressors. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels in male A. carolinensis were hypothesized to increase in response to novel social encounters that simulated territory establishment and maintenance. Adrenocortical response to recurring episodes of territoriality was predicted to generate similar longitudinal FGM levels across social ranks. FGM analysis was combined with behavioral assessment of body coloration to further contextualize measured stress levels of dominant and subordinate anoles. Prolonged social interaction led to similarly increased levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in both dominant and subordinate anoles relative to those that were solitary. This study provides an alternative perspective on the activity of the HPA axis in dominant–subordinate relationships of A. carolinensis over prolonged periods of territoriality.