cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rio 2016: Olympic audiences and publishing publics:

This essay explores how the organizers of the biggest media event in the world, the Olympic Games, interpret and construct their audiences. By critically tracing the discursive evolution of a 50-year span of official Olympic documents, we see the emergence of “the audience” as a key constitutive player in Olympic narratives. This is followed by a recognition of multiple audience groups and an emphasis on publishing publics in the digital era. The findings build on previous research by highlighting an important Western semantic distinction between audiences and publics and questioning what it means to be a member of the modern-day public when that is increasingly linked to digitally publishing an opinion.
Endogenous Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius is Required for Food Intake Control

Alhough the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is critical to energy balance control and is a target for obesity pharmacotherapies, the receptor-population-mediating effects of endogenous GLP-1 signaling are not fully understood. To address this, we developed a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV-GLP-1R) that utilizes short hairpin RNA to chronically knock down GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in rats. As pharmacological studies highlight the hindbrain nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) as a brain region important for GLP-1R-mediated effects on energy balance, AAV-GLP-1R was injected into the NTS to examine the role of endogenous NTS GLP-1R signaling in energy balance control. Chow intake and meal size were significantly increased following chronic NTS GLP-1R knockdown. In addition, NTS GLP-1R knockdown significantly increased self-administration of palatable food under both fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. Collectively, these data demonstrate that endogenous NTS GLP-1R signaling is required for the control of food intake and motivation to feed, and provide a new strategy to investigate the importance of distinct GLP-1R populations in the control of a variety of functions.
Advancing a Service-Centered Dominant Logic: A Consumer-Centric View on Relationship Marketing

Active consumers are key success factors in relationship marketing. Without their voluntary investment of time, energy, and other resources, an organization's efforts to improve its relationship marketing performance will stall. However, little is known about the role of consumers' nonmonetary resources in long-term relationships. This article offers new insights into the critical inputs of consumers' resources and competencies for service production and relational exchanges. Building on the resource-based view of the firm, the authors develop a consumer-centric framework that considers consumers as partners who collaborate to fulfill their own needs and thereby describes how consumer relational competence can enhance an organization's relationship marketing performance across different phases of the relationship marketing process. The article concludes with a discussion of some theoretical and practical implications.
Complementing SBIRT for Alcohol Misuse with SBIRT for Trauma: A Feasibility Study

Reducing alcohol misuse is a priority for U.S. health officials considering that misuse of alcohol is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Consequently, health centers are integrating Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol misuse within usual care. Although SBIRT is well validated among general patient samples, results have not generalized to drinkers with probable alcohol use disorder; moreover, little is known about the efficacy of SBIRT with patients who are of low-income or ethnic or racial minority status. Members of these groups are of particular concern because they are at risk to experience trauma, potentially in concert with alcohol misuse. Therefore, translational approaches to delivering SBIRT particularly with these groups of interest might be needed to meet the Grand Challenge of reducing alcohol misuse. Accordingly, this study combined SBIRT with a model designed to address psychological trauma: T-SBIRT. With a sample of 112 adults, mo...
Peridynamic integrals for strain invariants of homogeneous deformation

This study presents the peridynamic integrals. They enable the derivation of the peridynamic (nonlocal) form of the strain invariants. Therefore, the peridynamic form of the existing classical strain energy density functions can readily be constructed for linearly elastic and hyperelastic isotropic materials without any calibration. A general form of the force density vector is derived based on the strain energy density function that is expressed in terms of the first invariant of the right Cauchy-Green strain tensor and the Jacobian. In the case of linear elastic response for isotropic materials, the peridynamic force density vector is derived based on the classical form of the strain energy density function for three- and two-dimensional analysis. Also, a new form of the strain energy density function leads to a force density vector similar to that of bond-based peridynamics. Numerical results concern the verification of the peridynamic predictions with these force density vectors by considering a rectangular plate under uniform stretch.
Abstract WP371: Characteristics of Fever in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Fever in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients can be due to infectious or noninfectious etiology, including central mechanisms. We sought to compare patients with ICH and infectious fever to those with noninfectious fever. Methods: Among 351 consecutive primary ICH patients admitted to our institution from April 2009 to March 2010, 136 (39%) developed fever. Fever was defined as temperature > 100.9°F during hospitalization. Cases were reviewed to determine if the patient had fever due to infectious versus noninfectious etiology. The diagnosis of infection was based on results of microbial cultures and National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. Other data collected included age, sex, maximum temperature (Tmax), medical history, ICH location, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), ICH volume as measured by standard ABC/2 bedside calculation, external ventricular drain (EVD) placement, surgical evacuation, length of stay (LOS), and inpatient mortality. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to determine characteristics associated with infection status. Results: Among the 136 ICH patients with fever, 96 (71%) had noninfectious fever and 40 (29%) had infectious fever. In the univariate analysis, patients with infectious fever did not differ from patients with noninfectious fever with respect to age (61.3 vs 60.1 years, p 0.6), female sex (40% vs 48%, p 0.8), Tmax (102.2 vs 102.2°F, p 0.96), IVH (60% vs 71%, p 0.23), ICH volume (42 vs 40 cc, p 0.8), EVD placement (48% vs 51%, p 0.85), or surgical evacuation (30% vs 29%, p 1.0). Infectious fever was significantly associated with higher LOS (18.2 vs 11.1 days, p Conclusions: Patients with ICH who develop fever associated with an infectious etiology have longer LOS but lower in-hospital mortality. Further studies are warranted to understand fever in ICH patients.
Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face

In this paper, we shall study the tiling of space by congruent cubes. By saying that the cubes form a tiling of space, we mean that they cover space without overlapping. We will assume that the edges of the cubes are parallel to the coordinate axes. There is no loss of generality in using unit cubes, and we shall usually do so.
Intensity analysis of polarized Raman spectra for off axis single crystal silicon

Abstract In this work we demonstrate that polarized backscattered Raman spectroscopy can be used for identifying the crystallographic orientation of silicon cut off axis. The orientation of the crystal is defined by two angles one defined between the (0 0 1) crystal axis and the lab z-axis and the other as the angle of rotation of the crystallographic x-y plane about the crystal’s z-axes. Theoretical Raman intensity profiles are generated by rotating wafers of different geometry about the lab z-axis in the backscattered configuration. This changes the polarization of the incident light with respect to the crystallographic axes. The impact of the off axis Si on the Raman intensity profile were investigated to identified specific signatures in the Raman spectra that are most effective in determining the degree of off axis cut for single crystal Si. The results show excellent agreement with experimental outcomes.
Cross-border Hostilities and Regional Planning in the United States and Canada: What Role for Expertise, Insulated from the “Hurry and Strife of Politics”?1

Woodrow Wilson argued in a celebrated essay that governmental agencies could be insulated from political pressures, so regional planners and other experts could identify social problems systematically and implement desirable solutions efficiently. That goal is unrealistic under most circumstances. But are there conditions under which Wilson’s aspiration might be achieved? We argue that public agencies with divided “sovereignty” may, under certain conditions, insulate experts who can meet these goals. We specify factors that led to the creation of two such agencies and the variables that have permitted them to achieve significant success, but that have led, at times, to disappointment.
The Homology of a Group

In homological algebra one constructs homological invariants of algebraic objects by the following process, or some variant of it:
The Coagulation-Fibrinolytic Mechanism and the Action of Heparin

During the coagulation of blood, thrombin is produced from its precursor, prothrombin, by the concerted action of factor V and activated factor X (factor Xa) in the presence of a lipid surface and calcium ions. Thrombin consists of a heavy and a light polypeptide chain connected by disulfide crosslinks (18). Once this proteolytic enzyme is generated, it specifically cleaves two pairs of unique arginine-glycine peptide bonds in fibrinogen (5) and initiates the development of a fibrin clot. The clotting activity of thrombin is critically dependent upon a group of amino acid residues that constitute its active center region, and predominant among these is a highly reactive serine on the heavy polypeptide chain (13).
Coital Positions and Sexual Functioning in Patients with Chronic Pain

The objectives of this study were to describe (1) coital positions adopted by chronic back pain patients, (2) and to describe sexual function as assessed by Derogatis Inventory of Sexual Functioning (DISF). In addition, patients were asked questions regarding effects of sexual intercourse on severity of pain, influence of pain over sexual functioning, and perceived factors causing sexual problems. This is a subset (45 patients) of a larger study (70 patients) describing sexual functioning. These 45 patients responded to additional questions as described above. Mean age of the patients was 55.7 years (range 36–74 years). There were 40 male patients. Twenty-five patients (56%) were married. Mean duration of pain was 145.2 months. Thirty-two patients (27 male and 5 female) were sexually active. Eighty-one percent of male and 100% of female patients, who were sexually active, preferred “male superior” position. Of those sexually active, 41% performed sexual intercourse while sitting on a chair. A majority of patients were experiencing problems in all domains of sexual functioning except for fantasy. Thirty-nine patients (87%) reported that pain extremely interfered in performing sexual intercourse. Twenty-nine patients (64%) reported worsening of pain due to sexual intercourse. Majority (n = 34) of the patients (76%) had fear of failure to perform and 25 patients (56%) reported fear of aggravating pain due to sexual activity. There is need for further research in this area.
Interactions Among Spatial Frequency Channels In The Human Visual System

Visual patterns consist of variations in two-dimensional space of the intensity and/or the hue of light. Historically, visual scientists have treated pattern perception and color vision as separate topics, and have generally studied the former with stimuli which vary only in luminance, not in color. Although there are practical advantages of using only luminance-varying stimuli, which are easier to produce, to study pattern vision, this has had the unfortunate effect of leading the unthinking to believe that only luminance differences are involved in form perception. This error has doubtless been reinforced by an emphasis on contours in form perceptions, since it is clear that color differences contribute little to sharp contours (BOYNTON AND KAISER (1)). It needs to be emphasized that color variations in a scene also contribute to pattern perception. They may, in fact, be more important than luminance variations in some situations when both are present. We are more sensitive in the low-spatial-frequency range to color than to luminance variations (VAN DER HORST and BOUMAN (2)). In the contribution of low spatial frequencies to pattern vision—a topic ignored in the classic literature—color may well play a dominant role. It would thus be of considerable interest to see to what extent recent theories of pattern perception based on luminance-varying stimuli also apply to patterns defined by color variation.
The Last Waterfront: The Fulton Fish Market and the ILA as Family Businesses

For years, the Fulton Fish Market in New York City was a place where La Cosa Nostra operated as if laws and law enforcement did not exist. More than 125 million pounds of fish moved through the market every year, and its wholesalers provided seafood of one type or another to nearly every region of the United States. The Fulton Market handled seafood from all over the world—not just the catch of the local commercial fishery boats around the Atlantic coast hugging New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. South African lobster tails, Norwegian salmon, and exotic catches from as far away as Alaska and Chile were flown in nightly by jumbo jets to Kennedy International airport and whisked away by truck directly to the Fulton Market.
The mouse as a model for human audition. A review of the literature.

The mouse has several distinct advantages as an experimental model for human audition. Mice and humans express a similar presbyacusic and ototraumatic pattern. Several genetic mouse models also exist for conditions resembling human auditory disorders, such as otosclerosis. This paper reviews the strains of inbred mice (e.g. the CBA/J) which have recently been used as models for the normal human auditory system, describing their deficiencies. It is suggested that the F1 offspring of CBA/CaJ and AU/SsJ inbred mice would have advantages over existing models.
Wi-Fi-based Wireless Sensors for Data Acquisition

Although mainly used by the hobby or “maker” crowd, the Arduino microcontroller has made its way into all levels of education, including physics labs. Perhaps the most compelling aspect of the Arduino in this regard is the ease with which it can be interfaced and acquire data from a sensor, using any one of its many analog inputs, SPI or I2C interfaces. In this paper we wish to introduce the reader to the Sparkfun “Thing,” which is shown in Fig. 1. The “Thing” is a board that is smaller and less expensive than an Arduino, while being very similar in its programming, analog input capabilities, and support for the SPI and I2C interfaces. But here’s the real uniqueness of this board: it creates its own Wi-Fi network, just like ones we’re all used to using (for example, by our home routers). In use, one simply connects to the Thing’s Wi-Fi network using a standard device (laptop, tablet, smartphone, Chromebook, etc.) and retrieves the sensor data using a web browser. Thus, no custom programming is required, and no special software is needed by the end user. Its small size and easy access allows for all kinds of embedded and/or portable sensor applications.
Fusion Story Form: a novel, hybrid form of story that promotes and assesses concept learning

Advocates for the use of story in science education assert that it can bolster understanding of science concepts in classroom settings and enhance interest and engagement. However, only a handful o...
Proceedings of the 2018 American Bee Research Conference

The 2018 American Bee Research Conference (ABRC) was held January 11–12, 2018 at the Grand Sierra Resort, Reno, NV. Over the two-day conference, a total of 55 oral presentations and 12 poster prese...
Quantitative Study on Current-Induced Effect in an Antiferromagnet Insulator/Pt Bilayer Film.

A quantitative investigation of the current-induced torque in antiferromagnets represents a great challenge due to the lack of an independent method for controlling N\'eel vectors. By utilizing an antiferromagnetic insulator with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, we show that the N\'eel vector can be controlled with a moderate external field, which is further utilized to calibrate the current-induced magnetic dynamics. We find that the current-induced magnetoresistance change in antiferromagnets can be complicated by resistive switching that does not have a magnetic origin. By excluding nonmagnetic switching and comparing the current-induced dynamics with the field-induced one, we determine the nature and magnitude of current-induced effects in $\mathrm{Pt}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bilayer films.
Changing Rates of Mental Health Disorders Among Veterans Treated in the VHA During Troop Drawdown, 2007–2013

Nationally representative data on mental health disorder prevalence are critical to set informed mental health priorities and policies. Data indicating mental health diagnoses within our nation’s veteran population treated at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) are available, but have yet to be examined for changing trends to inform both VHA and community care. We use VHA national program evaluation data from a time of increasing military enrollment (2007) to troop draw down (2013) to examine changes over time in the number of diagnoses in veterans receiving VHA services. The number of veterans in all diagnostic categories increased during our study period with the smallest increase in psychotic disorders (8%) and the largest in posttraumatic stress disorder (71%). Trends in behavioral health diagnoses among veterans have important implications for policy and clinician competencies within VHA and community providers as veteran mental health care needs change.
Dynamic Tube MPC for Nonlinear Systems

Modeling error or external disturbances can severely degrade the performance of Model Predictive Control (MPC) in real-world scenarios. Robust MPC (RMPC) addresses this limitation by optimizing over feedback policies but at the expense of increased computational complexity. Tube MPC is an approximate solution strategy in which a robust controller, designed offline, keeps the system in an invariant tube around a desired nominal trajectory, generated online. Naturally, this decomposition is suboptimal, especially for systems with changing objectives or operating conditions. In addition, many tube MPC approaches are unable to capture state-dependent uncertainty due to the complexity of calculating invariant tubes, resulting in overly-conservative approximations. This work presents the Dynamic Tube MPC (DTMPC) framework for nonlinear systems where both the tube geometry and open-loop trajectory are optimized simultaneously. By using boundary layer sliding control, the tube geometry can be expressed as a simple relation between control parameters and uncertainty bound; enabling the tube geometry dynamics to be added to the nominal MPC optimization with minimal increase in computational complexity. In addition, DTMPC is able to leverage state-dependent uncertainty to reduce conservativeness and improve optimization feasibility. DTMPC is demonstrated to robustly perform obstacle avoidance and modify the tube geometry in response to obstacle proximity.
Entropy formation analysis of MHD boundary layer flow of nanofluid over a porous shrinking wall

Abstract In the current paper, we investigate the entropy analysis of MHD boundary layer flow of copper ( C u ) -water based nanofluid along with the porous shrinking wall. Heat transfer analysis is also taken into account with the thermal radiation effects. The single phase nanofluid model is used for the analysis of the effective thermal conductivity. Mathematical modeling is performed to change the physical system into a set of mathematical equations which are further simplified by using suitable variables. Exact solutions for the velocity and temperature profiles are computed and interpreted for diverse physical of interest. It is depicted that by enhancing the magnitude of solid volume fraction and velocity slip parameter of nanoparticles the velocity profile is increased. The results indicate an increment in the Hartman number increases the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness. It is observed that the entropy generation profile is enhanced by increasing the value of Brinkman number and Reynolds number. The irreversibility parameter is decreasing function of Brinkman number.
Predicting memory accesses: the road to compact ML-driven prefetcher

With the advent of fast processors, TPUs, accelerators, and heterogeneous architectures, computation is no longer the only bottleneck. In fact for many applications, speed of execution is limited by memory performance. To address memory performance, more accurate prefetching is necessary. While sophisticated machine learning algorithms have shown to predict memory accesses with high accuracy, they suffer with several issues that prevent them from being practical solutions as hardware prefetchers. These issues are centered around size of the model that results in high memory requirement, high latency and difficulty in online retraining. As the first step towards building ML-based prefetchers, we propose a compressed-LSTM approach for accurate memory access prediction. With a novel compression technique based on output encoding, we show that for the problem of predicting one of n memory locations, our technique results in O(n/log n) compression factor over the traditional LSTM approach. We further demonstrate through experiments on several benchmarks that the prediction accuracy drop due to compression is small and the training is fast. The actual compression obtained is of the order of 100×.
Does policy threat mobilise? 287(g) and Latino voter registration in North Carolina and Florida

Immigration enforcement affects political attitudes and trust even among individuals and communities not directly targeted for deportation. Literature from across the social sciences finds that res...
Cellular responses to lactate in breast cancer.

e21119 Background: Clinical studies across different tumor types have found that high lactate levels correlate with increased metastases and poor patient prognosis, overall and metastasis-free surv...
Nature of Chalcogen⋯Chalcogen Contact Interactions in Organic Donor-Molecule Salts

The nature of chalcogen... chalcogen contact interactions in organic donor-molecule salts was examined by performing ab initio SCF-MO/MP2 calculations on H2X⋯XH2 (X=O, S, Se,Te) and MM2 calculations on donor dimers (TXF)2 (X=S, Se, Te) and (BEDX-TTF)2 (X=O, S).
Courtship Roles of Male and Female European Earwigs, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), and Sexual Use of Forceps

Detailed observations of the courtship and mating of the European earwig Forficula auricularia revealed a complex of sexual behaviors for both males and females. A sequential analysis of the transition frequencies between male preceding-following behaviors showed that courtship is intricate and nonstereotyped. The significance of the male forceps was demonstrated by their use in early courtship with displays and later use as a tactile stimulus for the female. A study of males from which the forceps had been removed showed no mating by altered males. Male forcep length was bimodally distributed and positively allometric, while female forcep length was normally distributed. Males with longer forceps did not have a mating advantage. Receptive females were behaviorally active during courtship. The possible evolutionary development of the sexual dimorphism of the earwig is discussed.
On the role of amenities in models of migration and regional development.

While unable to copy/paste the abstract, the paper discusses the importance of regionally-varying amenities to migration and regional development.
Exploring Metrics for the Analysis of Code Submissions in an Introductory Data Science Course

While data science education has gained increased recognition in both academic institutions and industry, there has been a lack of research on automated coding assessment for novice students. Our work presents a first step in this direction, by leveraging the coding metrics from traditional software engineering (Halstead Volume and Cyclomatic Complexity) in combination with those that reflect a data science project’s learning objectives (number of library calls and number of common library calls with the solution code). Through these metrics, we examined the code submissions of 97 students across two semesters of an introductory data science course. Our results indicated that the metrics can identify cases where students had overly complicated codes and would benefit from scaffolding feedback. The number of library calls, in particular, was also a significant predictor of changes in submission score and submission runtime, which highlights the distinctive nature of data science programming. We conclude with suggestions for extending our analyses towards more actionable intervention strategies, for example by tracking the fine-grained submission grading outputs throughout a student’s submission history, to better model and support them in their data science learning process.
Influence of preconstructed effector loop location using a barbed unidirectional suture on leakage pressures following canine enterotomy closure.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of preconstructed effector loop location using a barbed unidirectional suture on leakage pressures following canine enterotomy closure. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, experimental, cadaveric. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION Grossly normal jejunal segments from three canine cadavers. METHODS Jejunal segments were harvested and randomly assigned based upon effector loop location from the beginning of the incisional line. Groups (n = 12/group) included 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and intact controls (n = 6/group), repaired using a 3-0 unidirectional barbed suture in a simple continuous pattern. Initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP), repair time, and leakage location were recorded. RESULTS Mean ILP for 0 mm group (24.42 ± 8.43 mmHg) was lower (p ≤ .001) compared to all experimental groups with ILP ~40% lower. There was no difference in MIP among experimental groups (p = .239). Repair time increased (p < .0001) as the distance of the effector loop increased ≥5 mm from the beginning of the incisional line. Leakage location differed among groups (p < .001) with leakage in the 0 mm group from the incisional line (75%), compared to leakage from predominantly from the suture holes in other groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Effector loop location influenced ILP and leakage location. Effector loops placed at the beginning of the incisional line (0 mm) decreased ILP compared to loops placed at 5, 10, and 15 mm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Effector loop location using a unidirectional barbed suture should be placed ≥5 mm from beginning of the incisional line for enterotomy closure. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
Treatment of Advanced CTCL in 2021

Introduction The term CTCL, or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is a general term for T-cell lymphomas that are found primarily in skin. In the 2017 WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues1 these might include the most common CTCL entities, mycosis fungoides (MF), Sezary syndrome (SS), and the CD 30+ lymphoproliferative disorders which are comprised of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) and a nonmalignant condition, lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), as well as some rarer entities such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) smoldering subtype and others.
Shakespeare's Marlowe: The Influence of Christopher Marlowe on Shakespeare's Artistry

Moving beyond traditional studies of sources and influence, Shakespeare's Marlowe analyzes the uncommonly powerful aesthetic bond between Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare. Not only does this study take into account recent ideas about intertextuality, but it also shows how the process of tracking Marlowe's influence itself prompts questions and reflections that illuminate the dramatists' connections. Further, after questioning the commonly held view of Marlowe and Shakespeare as rivals, the individual chapters suggest new possible interrelationships in the formation of Shakespeare's works. Such examination of Shakespeare's Marlovian inheritance enhances our understanding of the dramaturgical strategies of each writer and illuminates the importance of such strategies as shaping forces on their works. Robert Logan here makes plain how Shakespeare incorporated into his own work the dramaturgical and literary devices that resulted in Marlowe's artistic and commercial success. Logan shows how Shakespeare's examination of the mechanics of his fellow dramatist's artistry led him to absorb and develop three especially powerful influences: Marlowe's remarkable verbal dexterity, his imaginative flexibility in reconfiguring standard notions of dramatic genres, and his astute use of ambivalence and ambiguity. This study therefore argues that Marlowe and Shakespeare regarded one another not chiefly as writers with great themes, but as practicing dramatists and poets-which is where, Logan contends, the influence begins and ends.
Efficient solution of ordinary differential equations with a parametric lexicographic linear program embedded

This work analyzes the initial value problem in ordinary differential equations with a parametric lexicographic linear program (LP) embedded. The LP is said to be embedded since the dynamics depend on the solution of the LP, which is in turn parameterized by the dynamic states. This problem formulation finds application in dynamic flux balance analysis, which serves as a modeling framework for industrial fermentation reactions. It is shown that the problem formulation can be intractable numerically, which arises from the fact that the LP induces an effective domain that may not be open. A numerical method is developed which reformulates the system so that it is defined on an open set. The result is a system of semi-explicit index-one differential algebraic equations, which can be solved with efficient and accurate methods. It is shown that this method addresses many of the issues stemming from the original problem's intractability. The application of the method to examples of industrial fermentation processes demonstrates its effectiveness and efficiency.
Response to Jonathan Gray

Jonathan Gray \'Critiquing the Critics: On _Teleparody_\' _Film-Philosophy_, vol. 7 no. 17, July 2003
Abstract 20167: The CD38 Inhibitor Luteolinidin Ameliorates Ischemia/reperfusion Injury Through Preservation of NADP(H) and NAD(H)

Introduction: In postischemic hearts impaired endothelial function occurs with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction limiting vasodilation and tissue perfusion. We have observed that during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the eNOS substrate NADPH is depleted with >80% loss in the endothelium and NADPH repletion restores eNOS activity and vasodilation. To determine the mechanism of NADPH depletion, the NAD(P)-consuming enzyme CD38 was investigated. There has been a need for a potent and specific CD38 inhibitor. Recently, the flavonoid luteolinidin has been shown to inhibit CD38 in the low μM range. We hypothesized that luteolindin as a potent CD38 inhibitor would elicit protection of endothelial and myocardial function in the postischemic heart. Methods: Isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts were treated with luteolinidin (50 μM) (n=8) or vehicle control (n=10) and subjected to 30 min I and 30 min R. Contractile function was measured by intraventricular balloon, and coronary flow by D...
Force-Deformation Models for Nonlinear Analyses

The purpose of this note is to consider some of the desirable characteristics of such a model and to point out two deficiencies that may often lead to spurious results.
New TDDB lifetime model for AC inverter-like stress in advance FinFET structure

A new TDDB lifetime model is proposed to predict lifetime for AC inverter-like stress in FinFET device. The AC lifetime is governing by four mechanisms, including voltage switching, electron detrapping, HCI and hole injection. Among them, voltage switching and electron detrapping improve TDDB lifetime; while HCI and hole injection degrade the lifetime.
Transgenic Mice Production

Transgenic mice are those into which foreign genetic material has been inserted. Keywords: microinjection; genetic engineering; transgenesis
The physical working capacity of normal school children. I. California.

The physical working capacity was determined for 243 California school children of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years. Working capacity correlated well with the surface area, height, weight, 3-second vital capacity, total vital capacity and age. The 1-second vital capacity and the blood pressures gave relatively poor correlations. The surface area was selected as the variable to be compared with working capacity. Regression lines and 95% confidence bands were determined for each of the sexes. Boys possessed significantly greater working capacities than girls, even at the smaller surface area. Differences became quite marked in the older and larger boys as contrasted with girls of the same age or size. The working-capacity test has a number of advantages over other methods of evaluating physical fitness. It is objective and reproducible and is easily administered with few trained individuals. The results readily permit comparison of various groups and of healthy and diseased individuals.
Middle Ear Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma

Adenomas and adenocarcinomas originating from the middle ear are few in number and have met with significant controversy in the literature. Our experience with 11 previously described patients is updated and five new cases are added. These tumors were seen in persons whose ages ranged from 7 to 77 years. The most common initial symptom was decreased hearing (11 cases), followed by otorrhea (4 cases), and otalgia (4 cases). At the time of diagnosis, facial nerve weakness was present in several patients (seven), and this was a poor prognostic sign. These glandular tumors engender controversy regarding histologic origin and the pathologic demarcation between adenoma and adenocarcinoma. In this review, we show that otorrhea, bone erosion, facial nerve involvement, and aggressive clinical behavior can be the result of lesions that appear microscopically benign. Furthermore, we present evidence of the similarity of these glandular lesions to paragangliomas and carcinoid tumors. Finally, pathologic data are pres...
Latency insertion method for the fast simulation of interconnection networks

In this work, a finite difference formulation is used to simulate large interconnection networks. The method introduces reactive latency in all branches and nodes of the circuit to generate update algorithms for the voltage and current quantities. Due to its linear numerical complexity, several orders of magnitude in speed-up are obtained over standard methods. The method is relatively simple, easy to implement, and highly scalable. It has linear complexity and since it uses a time-domain formulation, it is suitable for handling nonlinear elements in an efficient manner.
Group analysis versus individual response: The inferential limits of randomized controlled trials

The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard for assessing the efficacy of medical treatments. Over the past 50 years, RCT methodology has proven to be quite successful in identifying effective treatments and weeding out ineffective ones, thus transforming medicine from an intuitive art into an empirical science. However, the enormous success of the RCT has inadvertently contributed to a common inferential error that is insufficiently appreciated by some clinicians and researchers. Although RCTs can effectively distinguish between placebo and active treatment effects at the level of the group, contrary to intuition, this same disentanglement is much more difficult to achieve at the level of the individual. For individual patients it is surprisingly difficult to determine who is a treatment responder and who is not. Using data from a recent RCT, we illustrate the problem and detail its negative effects for research and clinical practice. Finally, we suggest strategies for minimizing these negative effects.
ICPD-A New Peak Detection Algorithm for LC/MS

Background The identification and quantification of proteins using label-free Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) play crucial roles in biological and biomedical research. Increasing evidence has shown that biomarkers are often low abundance proteins. However, LC/MS systems are subject to considerable noise and sample variability, whose statistical characteristics are still elusive, making computational identification of low abundance proteins extremely challenging. As a result, the inability of identifying low abundance proteins in a proteomic study is the main bottleneck in protein biomarker discovery.
Gas-liquid chromatography of underivatized steroids: simultaneous determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids, pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and pregnanetriolone.

Abstract A gas—liquid Chromatographic procedure is described for estimating major urinary 17-ketosteroids, pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and pregnanetriolone without formation of their derivatives. The concentrations of these steroid metabolites are calculated with a simple computer program.
CONTEXTUAL BOUNDARY FORMATION BY ONE-DIMENSIONAL EDGE DETECTION AND SCAN LINE MATCHING

Abstract In this paper an algorithm is given for generating linked edge boundaries between adjacent regions of different gray levels. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part one-dimensional edge semantics are examined in detail, and a one-dimensional edge detector is proposed whose output is not just a local edge point assertion but a data structure. This data structure contains alternative interpretations of edge cross-sections as global gray level transition regions of variable widths. In the second part, an algorithm is presented for linking together edge hypotheses to form global edges. Edges are treated as variable width regions, and the edge linking procedure is really a region grower. Edge linking is a parallel process on all the edges in pairs of adjacent scan lines, and contextual information in the direction of the scan lines is used to resolve ambiguous linking situations. The procedure relies heavily upon a one-dimensional edge detector that defers the formation of local edge interpretations until more informed decisions can be made by the edge linking procedure.
Landslide triggering scenarios in homogeneous geological contexts: The area surrounding Acri (Calabria, Italy)

Abstract The paper describes a methodology to detect landslide triggering scenarios in geological homogeneous areas and for some specific landslide categories. In these scenarios, the rainfall–landslide relationship as well as the pluviometric load conditions influencing slope instability have to be investigated. The methodology is applied to an area located in northern Calabria (Italy) and affected by widespread and different slope instability phenomena. Outcropped, fractured, and deeply weathered crystalline rock masses, determining geologic homogeneous conditions, are present. In the same area, suitable and homogeneous climatic features have also been found. According to the methodology adopted, the hydrologic analysis of rainfall time-series is initially carried out notwithstanding historical data concerning landslide mobilization, but using simple models to determine critical pluviometric scenarios for the three landslide categories: shallow, medium-deep, and deep. Landslide-triggering scenarios individualized according to this procedure are less significant as compared to the landslide mobilization detected in the study area by means of historical research and ascribed to the three landslide categories according to geomorphologic analysis. Subsequently, the possible landslide triggering scenarios are outlined by carefully investigating the hydrologic analysis limited to the periods identified according to the historical data. In the study area and approximately for all the areas characterized by the outcrop of fractured and deeply weathered crystalline rocks, significant triggering scenarios can be outlined. In particular, shallow landslide triggers could be activated by rainfall events with intensities exceeding 90 mm/day and/or with amounts exceeding 160 mm. As for medium-deep and deep landslides, triggering mechanisms are more complicated; and effective rainfall contribution must be taken into account compared to groundwater storage. Moreover, a more complex link between deep landslides and precipitation is confirmed. The results obtained to date highlight the potential of this methodology, which enables us to define and progressively improve the knowledge framework by means of a work sequence integrating different disciplinary tools and results.
Speech production deficits in early readers: predictors of risk.

Speech problems and reading disorders are linked, suggesting that speech problems may potentially be an early marker of later difficulty in associating graphemes with phonemes. Current norms suggest that complete mastery of the production of the consonant phonemes in English occurs in most children at around 6–7 years. Many children enter formal schooling (kindergarten) around 5 years of age with near-adult levels of speech production. Given that previous research has shown that speech production abilities and phonological awareness skills are linked in preschool children, we set out to examine whether this pattern also holds for children just beginning to learn to read, as suggested by the critical age hypothesis. In the present study, using a diverse sample, we explored whether expressive phonological skills in 92 5-year-old children at the beginning and end of kindergarten were associated with early reading skills. Speech errors were coded according to whether they were developmentally appropriate, position within the syllable, manner of production of the target sounds, and whether the error involved a substitution, omission, or addition of a speech sound. At the beginning of the school year, children with significant early reading deficits on a predictively normed test (DIBELS) made more speech errors than children who were at grade level. Most of these errors were typical of kindergarten children (e.g., substitutions involving fricatives), but reading-delayed children made more of these errors than children who entered kindergarten with grade level skills. The reading-delayed children also made more atypical errors, consistent with our previous findings about preschoolers. Children who made no speech errors at the beginning of kindergarten had superior early reading abilities, and improvements in speech errors over the course of the year were significantly correlated with year-end reading skills. The role of expressive vocabulary and working memory were also explored, and appear to account for some of these findings.
The Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices

Introduction Overview and Summary Forty Acres and a Mule: Placing a Price Tag on Oppression Economic History and the Current Benefits and Costs of Slavery Past History and Current Policy: The Legacy of Slavery Who Pays for Slavery? An Appraisal of the Estimated Rates of Slave Exploitation Slavery and the Economics of Discrimination Black Labor in the American Economy since Emancipation: What Are the Legacies of History? A Calculation and Comparison of the Current Benefits of Slavery and an Analysis of Who Benefits Estimated Present Value of Income Diverted during Slavery Black Exploitation and White Benefits: The Civil War Income Revolution Slave Exploitation in Neoclassical Economics: Criticism and an Alternative Direction Achieving Racial Equality through Restitution Racial Inequality and Reparations An Illustrative Estimate: The Present Value of the Benefits from Racial Discrimination, 1929-1969 Income Transfers: Are They Compensation for Past Discrimination? The Social Debt to Blacks: A Case for Affirmative Action What Was Lost: The Cost of Slavery and Discrimination for Blacks Achieving Parity through Reparations Conclusions Selected Bibliography Index
Factors in the determination of normal serum glucose levels of goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

Abstract 1. 1. Aquarium transfer produced a significant hyperglycemia of 2-day duration. 2. 2. “Asphyxiation” hyperglycemia occurred 15 min after removal from water. 3. 3. Differences in serum glucose of goldfish weighing 1·5–7·1 g were not present, but fish weighing less than 1·5 g were significantly higher. 4. 4. No serum glucose difference occurred among well-acclimated goldfish (a) rapidly captured in various ways, (b) differing in phenotype, (c) sacrificed hourly during the photoperiod, (d) fed various amounts of food or (e) fasted to 151 days. 5. 5. Serum glucose of 300 normal goldfish ranged from 12·9 to 91·4 mg/100 ml; the mean was 28·5 mg/100 ml (S.D. ± 9·6; S.E. ± 0·56).
Role of the UL45 protein in herpes simplex virus entry via low pH-dependent endocytosis and its relationship to the conformation and function of glycoprotein B.

Abstract Herpesviruses commandeer distinct cellular pathways to enter target cells. The mechanism by which herpes simplex virus (HSV) selects a pH-dependent, endocytic route or a pH-independent route remains to be elucidated. We investigated the role of the non-glycosylated viral envelope protein UL45 in HSV entry via endocytosis. UL45 plays a role in mediating cell–cell fusion and has been proposed to functionally interact with gB to regulate membrane fusion. Thus, we also probed the impact of UL45 on the structure and function of gB present in virions. A UL45 deletion virus successfully entered cells via low pH, endocytic pathway with wild type kinetics. In the absence or presence of UL45, the antigenic conformation of virion gB appeared unaltered. Antibodies to gB neutralized infection of the UL45-deletion virus and wild type virus to a similar extent, regardless of whether the target cells supported low pH endocytic or non-endocytic entry routes. Lastly, HSV virions were inactivated by low pH regardless of the presence of UL45. The results, together with previous studies, suggest that UL45 plays distinct roles in cell–cell fusion and virus–cell fusion during acid-dependent entry.
Affirmative duties and the limits of self-sacrifice

American criminal law reflects the absence of any general duty of Good Samaritanism. Nonetheless, there are some circumstances in which it imposes affirmative duties to aid others. In those circumstances, however, the duty to aid is canceled whenever aiding subjects the actor to a certain level of risk or sacrifice, a level that can be less than the risk or sacrifice faced by the beneficiary if not aided. In this article, I demonstrate that this approach to limiting affirmative duties to aid encounters the same problem of moral arbitrariness as does a “moral catastrophe” override of deontological side-constraints.