cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C2 Bone Erosion Secondary to Iatrogenic Pseudomeningocele: A Case Report and Description of a Novel Surgical Technique.

Background Pseudomeningoceles are a rare cause of bone erosions. Development of such erosions in the C2 vertebral body and the odontoid process can lead to life-threatening instability. Treatment options to regain stability include atlantoaxial and occipitocervical fusion. For patients with a history of Chiari decompression and large C2 lesions, common fusion techniques are not always feasible. In addition, fusion surgery sacrifices physiologic motion and is therefore a disabling procedure, especially for young and active patients. Case Description We report a novel combined open operative and subsequent minimal invasive filling technique of several instable osteolytic/cystic areas within the C2 vertebra of a 28-year-old woman. The underlying cause for the lesions was a pseudomeningocele communicating with the vertebral body. This was an incidental finding 15 years after foramen magnum decompression with C1 and partial C2 laminectomy for Chiari malformation. Novel treatment included open posterior surgery with total laminectomy of the remaining C2 arch and refilling the odontoid with viscous beta tricalcium phosphate and polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Postoperative 6- and 12-month follow-up computed tomography imaging showed a stable incorporation of the filling. Conclusions Life-threatening fractures at the occipitocervical junction are rare and often are due to high-impact trauma. Osteolytic changes at those bone compartments are a potential cause for pathologic fractures during normal daily activities. In this case, increased pressure on the bone due to a pseudomeningocele resulted in slow bone loss without symptoms. A novel combined technique of bone filling was applied successfully to stabilize the C2 vertebral bone.
Critical behavior of the quasi-two-dimensional weak itinerant ferromagnet trigonal chromium telluride Cr 0.62 Te

The critical properties of flux-grown single-crystalline quasi-two-dimensional weak itinerant ferromagnet ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.62}\mathrm{Te}$ were investigated by bulk dc magnetization around the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition. Critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.315(7)$ with a critical temperature ${T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}230.6(3)$ K and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}1.81(2)$ with ${T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}229.1(1)$ K are obtained by the Kouvel-Fisher method whereas $\ensuremath{\delta}=6.35(4)$ is obtained by a critical isotherm analysis at ${T}_{c}=230$ K. With these obtained exponents, the magnetization-field-temperature curves collapse into two independent curves following a single scaling equation $M|\frac{T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}}{{T}_{c}}{|}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}}={f}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(H|\frac{T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}}{{T}_{c}}{|}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\delta}})$ around ${T}_{c}$, suggesting the reliability of the obtained exponents. Additionally, the determined exponents of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.62}\mathrm{Te}$ exhibit an Ising-like behavior with a change from short-range order to long-range order in the nature of magnetic interaction and with an extension from two to three dimensions on cooling through ${T}_{c}$.
Hierarchy Theory in Ecology

Hierarchy theory is a metatheory in the preanalytical stage, before questions are formulated. Without hypotheses of its own, it guides hypothesis creation for other theories. It organizes system description with asymmetric relationships that turn sets into levels. Size and scale may order hierarchies. But scaling may alter the type of entity recognized, thus forcing judgment and arbitrary choices on scale change. Hierarchies may be ordered on frequency, constraint, context, and bond strength at different levels. Entities from higher levels that consist of and contain lower levels appear in nested hierarchies, which are powerful for exploration. Non-nested hierarchies are often ordered on control not size (pecking order). Hierarchies address tension in a single entity being a whole, but also a part at some higher level. Holon refers to entities in hierarchies as the surface that integrates the parts so as to present a whole to the rest of the universe. But holons also offer protection to parts by integrating the environment. Hierarchies need not be real in an external world, but certainly appear in human understanding. The richness of hierarchies in ecology invites the theory to untangle elaborate relationships with precision of definition, thus blunting contentions that are merely semantic.
Self-concept clarity mediates the effects of adverse childhood experiences on adult suicide behavior, depression, loneliness, perceived stress, and life distress

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have far-reaching effects on adult mental health yet questions remain how these effects are transmitted psychologically. Because ACEs are rooted in disr...
20. THE APPLICATION OF STEM CELL MODELS TO VALIDATE RARE AND COMMON VARIANTS CONTRIBUTING TO SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Abstract Overall Abstract: As expanding genetic studies increasingly demonstrate that both rare variants of large impact and common variants of small effect contribute to schizophrenia, it becomes increasingly critical that we unravel how these risk factors interact within and between the diverse cell types populating the brain. While mouse models are uniquely suited for demonstrating how aberrant function of single gene products contribute to aberrant neuronal function or behavior, genetic studies of penetrance and complex gene interactions are nearly impossible to address using inbred mouse lines. Similarly, the lack of human post-mortem tissue, coupled with the inability to conduct functional experiments in patient cells, has to date left us with a very limited understanding of how rare and common variants impact gene expression or cellular function. Our panelists have each developed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models for the study of predisposition to neuropsychiatric disease, establishing a new mechanism by which to systematically explore the impact of rare and common putative causal variants in human cells.Given the heterogeneity of schizophrenia and the limited cohort sizes feasible with hiPSC-based cohorts, our panelists will share their successes and struggles in developing cohorts defined by shared clinical or genetic features. They will discuss both the molecular and phenotypic insights they have uncovered, in neurons and glia, from case/control and genetically-edited isogenic cohorts. Our discussant will focus on integrating these findings into consortia-led datasets generated from recent genomic and post-mortem studies of large schizophrenia cohorts. Our overall objective is to consider the role of hiPSC-based studies in dissecting the genetic origins of schizophrenia, validating causal variants identified through ongoing genetic analyses, and serving as a personalized medicine approach to screen for novel therapeutics with which to prevent or reverse disease course.
Adding a narrative practitioner perspective section to case report publications

Abstract Clinical case reports are opportunities to disseminate information on unique diagnoses and treatments through the reporting of objective and scientific data supplemented by the patient’s perspective on the outcomes. The practitioner has traditionally removed their own narrative which includes perspectives and bias relating to the encounter. The absence of this practitioner narrative in published case reports reflects an incomplete picture of the therapeutic relationship and can directly impact the applicability to clinical practice. Although guidelines on publishing case reports are focused on providing complete and transparent information from which to inform research design and allow aggregation for data analysis, the physician’s narrative involves the awareness of bias, distractions and recognition of shared experiences which influence the therapeutic relationship. In this paper we propose a three-phase process culminating in the inclusion of a physician narrative in published case reports to better reflect the humanity present in patient care.
Implicit Attitudes and Beliefs Adapt to Situations: A Decade of Research on the Malleability of Implicit Prejudice, Stereotypes, and the Self-Concept

Abstract In this chapter, I review my program of research on implicit attitudes and beliefs. These attitudes and beliefs are often acquired without individuals’ awareness and influence judgments, decisions, and actions without intention. My work seeks to identify circumstances that produce changes in people's implicit attitudes and beliefs toward social groups. Over the course of a dozen years, my collaborators and I have found that implicit attitudes and beliefs are remarkably malleable even in the absence of active attempts at persuasion. I review four lines of research relevant to this issue. Collectively, this work shows that implicit attitudes and beliefs are mirror-like reflections of local environments and communities within which individuals are immersed. Changes in local environments (and sometimes emotions elicited by them) produce corresponding changes in people's implicit attitudes and beliefs. In essence, implicit attitudes and beliefs are better described as situational adaptations or reflections rather than personal possessions acquired and discarded by conscious acts of will.
Pattern of gastrointestinal and somatic symptoms across the menstrual cycle

Abstract The pattern of gastrointestinal symptoms and select mood and somatic symptoms was examined across two menstrual cycles in women with (n = 19) and without (n = 39) functional bowel distress (FBD). The women (a) rated their gastrointestinal, perimenstrual, mood, and other symptoms and stool frequency and consistency daily; (b) completed the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire-T; and (c) had serum levels of estrogen and progesterone measured during the menses, follicular, and luteal phases. Stomach pain, nausea, and diarrhea were rated higher at menses in the group with FBD than in the group without FBD. Stomach pain was higher during the remaining days as well. The group with FBD reported higher levels of perimenstrual symptoms also on six of the eight Menstrual Distress Questionnaire-T subscales (P
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

This chapter discusses the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, which belongs to the Herpesviridae family. Its subfamily is herpesvirinae. The virus causes primarily a respiratory infection or pustular vulvovaginitis and sometimes conjunctivitis, abortion, and encephalitis. The hosts to the virus are primarily cattle; however, there are reports of serological evidence of infection in goats, swine, eastern cottontail rabbits, water buffalos, and East African wildlife. The respiratory form of the virus was first reported in the United States in 1955. The virus was isolated and shortly thereafter the infectious pustular vulvovaginitis form was described. The virus has a wide variety of clinical manifestations and is inapparent and latent. A subunit vaccine has recently been developed for the virus. The diagnostic techniques that have been developed for the virus are isolation of the virus, agar gel immunodiffusion, fluorescent antibody, indirect haemagglutination assay, virus neutralization, complement fixation, and micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Several reports comparing the various diagnostic methods of the virus are available.
Rheology of liquid crystalline polymers

In the work reported here the analyses of Doi and Marrucci [1–6] were employed to describe the isothermal rheological behavior of polymeric nematic liquid crystalline solutions in both extensional and homogeneous shearing flows. Since, in the case of liquid crystals of low molecular weight, the material response in shearing flows is known to change when the stress field becomes inhomogeneous this factor was also explored by use of capillary tubes having a wide range of diameters. Finally, the documented absence of effects of stress-field inhomogeneities enabled extension of the shearing data to very high shearing rates, into the range of conditions under which the Doi analysis would become invalid. In all, 5½ decades of shearing rates were studied. The rheological properties were interpreted using a constitutive equation containing only 4 parameters (3 if the polymer concentration is known precisely — i.e. if there are no solvation effects in lyotropic systems). This is a remarkable accomplishment which compared to the complex constitutive equations required to describe ordinary (flexible molecule) polymers over similarly broad ranges of deformation mode and rate. The theoretical framework employed herein also enables prediction of the fluid structure (molecular orientation) but this aspect has not yet been studied.
The Color of Money and the People Who Lend It

Racial disparities persist in the mortgage lending market, as does debate over their causes. This article examines whether the racial composition of a lender's workforce affects the loan approval rate for minority applicants. The relationship between employment of, and mortgage lending to, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, is examined in five metropolitan areas: Atlanta, Boston, Denver, Milwaukee, and San Francisco.Linear multiple regression for institutional-level analysis and probit analysis for applicant-level analysis indicate that the racial composition of the workforce does affect loan approval rates for minority applicants. For blacks and Hispanics, employment, particularly in administrative and professional positions, positively affects loan approval; the findings for Asians were mixed. Further research is suggested for developing a fuller understanding of the relationship between employment and loan application approval. Specific policy recommendations are proposed for regulatory agencies, lenders, ...
REPRODUCTION, EVENTS AND MANAGEMENT | Estrous Cycles: Puberty

The term puberty is derived from the Latin word pubescere, which is translated to mean ‘becoming covered with hair’. Puberty originally referred to the appearance of body hair at the time of sexual maturation in humans. Today, puberty refers collectively to all of the physiological, morphological and behavioral changes that occur in animals as their gonads undergo the transition from the infantile to adult condition. The so-called onset of puberty refers to the time at which an individual gains the capacity to reproduce, usually between 8 and 14 months of age for European breeds of dairy cattle. Onset of puberty in heifers is recognized by exhibit of first estrus followed by a viable ovulation and an oestrous cycle of normal length. Onset of puberty is the result of a series of developmental events that occur within the reproductive endocrine system involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and the ovaries. This article focuses on sexual development in females with emphasis on the dairy heifer.
Stimulus salience determines the defensive behaviors elicited by aversively conditioned compound auditory stimuli

Animals exhibit distinct patterns of defensive behavior according to their perceived imminence of potential threats. Ethoexperimental and aversive conditioning studies indicate that as the probability of directly encountering a threat increases, animals shift from behaviors aimed at avoiding detection (e.g. freezing) to escape (e.g. undirected flight). What are the neural mechanisms responsible for assessing threat imminence and controlling appropriate behavioral responses? Fundamental to addressing these questions has been the development of behavioral paradigms in mice in which well-defined threat-associated sensory stimuli reliably and robustly elicit passive or active defensive responses. In serial compound stimulus (SCS) fear conditioning, repeated pairing of sequentially presented tone (CS1) and white noise (CS2) auditory stimuli with footshock (US) yields learned freezing and flight responses to CS1 and CS2, respectively. Although this white noise-induced transition from freezing to flight would appear to reflect increased perceived imminence due to the US being more temporally proximal to CS2 than CS1, this model has not been directly tested. Surprisingly, we find that audio frequency properties and sound pressure levels, not temporal relationship to the US, determine the defensive behaviors elicited by SCS conditioned auditory stimuli. Notably, auditory threat stimuli that most potently elicit high imminence behaviors include frequencies to which mouse hearing is most sensitive. These results argue that, as with visual threats, perceived imminence and resulting intensity of defensive responses scale with the salience of auditory threat stimuli.
Angry prosody slows responses to simple commands

Previous research has found that emotional prosody can interact with speech perception and listeners’ processing of the meaning of particular word/emotion pairings (Kim and Sumner, 2017). What remains unclear is how this interactive processing can affect behavioral responses such as responses to imperatives. To answer this question, 42 participants were presented with a series of commands read either with angry prosody, happy prosody, or neutral prosody and were instructed to press the requested button on a response box as quickly and accurately as possible. All emotional states were performed by a trained actor, rather than induced, and the stimuli were independently rated for accuracy of performance. On average, participants responded roughly 50ms slower to the commands which were performed with "angry" prosody. There was no difference between responses to "happy" and "neutral" prosody commands. This difference in response time may be due to the heightened neurological responses to angry stimuli (Frueholz and Didier, 2013). These results are consistent with a model of speech perception in which linguistic and social information are processed simultaneously and interactively (Sumner et al., 2014) but not with a model in which emotional aspects of the speech signal or discarded or irrelevant to perception.
Greenhouse gas emissions of transportation fuels from shale gas-derived natural gas liquids

Abstract Production of natural gas liquids (NGLs) in the United States is expanding rapidly and production now exceeds domestic demand. An emerging use of NGLs is the production of transportation fuels, however, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of these fuels may limit their access to some markets affected by policies that consider these emissions. This work estimates well-to-tank GHG emissions of NGL-based transportation fuels and compares these estimates to GHG emissions from conventional gasoline production. The emission estimates, and their magnitude relative to well-to-tank GHG emissions for conventional petroleum fuels, are highly sensitive to NGL fuel production scenarios, co-product treatment methods, and feedstock source.
Redefining shared decision-making in the digital era.

Abstract Perioperative shared decision-making can be improved through the development of novel patient-centered outcome measures made possible by digital phenotyping—“the moment-by-moment quantification of individual-level human phenotype in situ using data from personal digital devices, in particular smartphones.” This Short Report presents data from a patient with breast cancer that illustrates the opportunities of digital phenotyping to better inform patient quality of life while also discussing the challenges to its adoption. With time, effort, and physician engagement, digital phenotyping can help surgeons better understand the patient experience in the postoperative period and in turn, help them provide care that maximizes patient quality of life.
Crises of Democracy

Is democracy in crisis? The current threats to democracy are not just political: they are deeply embedded in the democracies of today, in current economic, social, and cultural conditions. In Crises of Democracy, Adam Przeworski presents a panorama of the political situation throughout the world of established democracies, places it in the context of past misadventures of democratic regimes, and speculates on the prospects. Our present state of knowledge does not support facile conclusions. 'We should not believe the flood of writings that have all the answers'. Avoiding technical aspects, this book is addressed not only to professional social scientists, but to everyone concerned about the prospects of democracy.
Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles reveals synaptic injury, inflammation, and stress response markers in HIV patients with cognitive impairment

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles present in most body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Little is known about CSF EV proteins in HIV+ individuals. Here, we characterize the CSF EV proteome in HIV+ subjects and its relationship to neuroinflammation, stress responses, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). CSF EVs isolated from 20 HIV+ subjects with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) cognitive impairment were characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunoblotting, and untargeted LC/MS/MS mass spectrometry. Functional annotation was performed by gene ontology (GO) mapping and expression annotation using Biobase Transfac and PANTHER software. Cultured astrocytic U87 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide for 4 h to induce oxidative stress and EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation. Selected markers of astrocytes (GFAP, GLUL), inflammation (CRP), and stress responses (PRDX2, PARK7, HSP70) were evaluated in EVs released by U87 cells following induction of oxidative stress and in CSF EVs from HIV+ patients by immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified 2727 and 1626 proteins in EV fractions and EV-depleted CSF samples, respectively. CSF EV fractions were enriched with exosomal markers including Alix, syntenin, tetraspanins, and heat-shock proteins and a subset of neuronal, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and choroid plexus markers, in comparison to EV-depleted CSF. Proteins related to synapses, immune/inflammatory responses, stress responses, metabolic processes, mitochondrial functions, and blood-brain barrier were also identified in CSF EV fractions by GO mapping. HAND subjects had higher abundance of CSF EVs and proteins mapping to GO terms for synapses, glial cells, inflammation, and stress responses compared to those without HAND. GFAP, GLUL, CRP, PRDX2, PARK7, and HSP70 were confirmed by immunoblotting of CSF EVs from subjects with HAND and were also detected in EVs released by U87 cells under oxidative stress. These findings suggest that CSF EVs derived from neurons, glial cells, and choroid plexus carry synaptic, immune/inflammation-related, and stress response proteins in HIV+ individuals with cognitive impairment, representing a valuable source for biomarker discovery.
Is working one job better than many? Assessing the impact of multiple school jobs on teacher performance in Rio de Janeiro

Abstract Multiple school jobs are more common in developing countries and among teachers who teach specific subject areas. This paper examines whether student achievement is affected when teachers work in more than one school. We use longitudinal data from Rio de Janeiro and exploit within teacher-school-grade variation in the number of school jobs over time. We found that an increase in the number of school jobs leads to a decrease in student achievement. Our results suggest that multiple school jobs are more detrimental for female teachers, probably because women take on more responsibilities outside of work. We also found that the negative impact of multiple school jobs is particularly larger for poorer students who participate in conditional cash transfer programs. Lastly, our results show that an increase in the number of school jobs is associated with an increase in teachers’ workload as measured by the number of teaching hours and the number of unique subject-areas, grade-levels, and students taught.
Passages of cancer caregivers' unmet needs across 8 years.

BACKGROUND Identifying and addressing caregivers' unmet needs have been suggested as a way of reducing their distress and improving their quality of life. However, the needs of family cancer caregivers are complex in the period of long-term survivorship in particular because they may diverge as the patients' survivorship trajectory does, and that is what this study investigated. METHODS Family cancer caregivers completed prospective, longitudinal surveys 2, 5, and 8 years after diagnosis (n = 633). Early caregiving characteristics and demographics were measured at 2 years. Caregiver status (former caregivers-remission, current caregivers, and bereaved caregivers) and unmet needs were measured at 3 assessments. RESULTS Caregivers' unmet needs at 8 years were attributable to the passages of the caregiving status as their patients' illness trajectory diverged from the initial state of receiving care. Specifically, either prolonged caregiving or having a break from caregiving followed by bereavement during long-term survivorship was related to various domains of unmet needs at 8 years (t > 2.35, P 2.50, P 37.51, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The caregiving status trajectory over 8 years was a substantial predictor of family caregivers' unmet needs at the 8-year mark. Findings provide guidance for the development of evidence-based programs and patient/caregiver-centered care policies to reduce the unmet needs of family caregivers, which reflect the diverse trajectories of cancer caregivership, many years after the diagnosis of their patients.
Delivering primary healthcare in conflict-affected settings: A review of the literature

Objective: Conflict is often destructive to existing services and exacerbates population health inequities and the vulnerabilities of existing healthcare. We undertook a scoping review of the literature concerning delivery of primary healthcare (PHC) in post-conflict settings. Design: We undertook a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and gray literature to identify articles related to the development and delivery of PHC in post-conflict settings. We searched PubMed / Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase / Ovid, CAB abstracts, POPLINE, and WHO.int. between January 1990 through the December end of 2017, for articles in the English language. Two researchers independently assessed each article and applied inclusion criteria: referring to postconflict settings and a range of terms related to PHC or health system development. Search terms were selected by careful review of the World Health Organization ’ s analytical framework for developing a strategy on universal coverage and analysis according to the availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of healthcare and further themes involving demand-side or user-side concerns. Results: Findings were captured to reflect a range of conflict-affected settings and varied priorities and approaches to PHC reconstruction. Integrated immediate and longer-term strategies, involving needs-assessments, effective administration, development of institutions, and cost-efficient investment in human resources, infrastructure, and capacity building are needed to deliver expanded and equitable services, responsive to population health needs, critical to the delivery of equitable PHC. Conclusions: Scoping review of the literature may be formative in the generation of evidence-base to inform delivery of universal PHC, when applied according to context specificity of conflict-affected setting.
The overlap gap property: A topological barrier to optimizing over random structures

The problem of optimizing over random structures emerges in many areas of science and engineering, ranging from statistical physics to machine learning and artificial intelligence. For many such structures, finding optimal solutions by means of fast algorithms is not known and often is believed not to be possible. At the same time, the formal hardness of these problems in the form of the complexity-theoretic NP-hardness is lacking. A new approach for algorithmic intractability in random structures is described in this article, which is based on the topological disconnectivity property of the set of pairwise distances of near-optimal solutions, called the Overlap Gap Property. The article demonstrates how this property 1) emerges in most models known to exhibit an apparent algorithmic hardness; 2) is consistent with the hardness/tractability phase transition for many models analyzed to the day; and, importantly, 3) allows to mathematically rigorously rule out a large class of algorithms as potential contenders, specifically the algorithms that exhibit the input stability (insensitivity).
Structure and properties of two superionic ice phases

In the phase diagram of water, superionic ices with highly mobile protons within the stable oxygen sublattice have been predicted at high pressures. However, the existence of superionic ices and the location of the melting line have been challenging to determine from both theory and experiments, yielding contradictory results depending on the employed techniques and the interpretation of the data. Here we report high-pressure and high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy measurements of water in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell and reveal first-order phase transitions to ices with body-centred and face-centred cubic oxygen lattices. Based on the distinct density, increased optical conductivity and the greatly decreased fusion enthalpies, we assign these observed structures to the theoretically predicted superionic ice phases. Our measurements determine the pressure–temperature stability fields of superionic ice phases and the melting line, suggesting the presence of face-centred cubic superionic ice in water-rich giant planets, such as Neptune and Uranus. The melting line determined here is at higher temperatures than previously determined in static compression experiments, but it is in agreement with theoretical calculations and data from shock-wave experiments. Measurements of the phase diagram of water reveal first-order phase transitions to face- and body-centred cubic superionic ice phases. The former is suggested to be present in the interior of ice giant planets.
Precision Materials Indices: Materials Selection with Statistically Rigorous Reliability Analysis

Materials selection is a key part of aircraft design. The materials index is used to numerically rank materials for a particular function, for example, the strength-to-weight ratio selects minimum-...
The Charlotte Action Research Project: A Model for Direct and Mutually Beneficial Community-University Engagement.

This article describes the evolution of the Charlotte Action Research Project (CHARP), a community–university partnership founded in 2008 at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, and focuses particularly on the program’s unique organizational structure. Research findings of a project evaluation suggest that the CHARP model’s unique strength lies in its ability to allow for the exploration of “wicked” problems that have resulted from structural and sociospatial inequality in cities because tangible issues identified by community partners become action research priorities for the CHARP team. Additionally, CHARP allows for the transcendence of the practical, logistical barriers often associated with community–university partnerships by employing graduate students as staff. It is suggested that the CHARP model provides a starting point for a unique model of engagement infrastructure at universities that goes beyond service provision and volunteerism to include community-based participatory and action-based research within a critical theory paradigm.
Bilinear Singular Integral Operators, Smooth Atoms and Molecules

We present a bilinear T1 theorem in the context of Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. The proof uses atomic decomposition techniques and some a priori L \infty-estimates for the action of bilinear Calderon–Zygmund operators.
Isolation of T cells using rosetting procedures.

This unit describes a procedure for separating T cells from other mononuclear cells by exploiting the unique ability of cells to bind to and form rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). This isolation method also allows recovery of the nonrosetting cell population (B lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages). Neuraminidase- and 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-treated SRBC are used for rosetting because of enhanced binding to T cells. It should be noted that use of the rosetting technique to obtain purified T cells or purified non-T cells by negative selection has largely been superceded by other techniques such as panning and immunomagnetic beads.
The Failure of Aluminum Compact Shear Specimens Under Mixed-Mode Loading

The failure behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum under combined Mode I and Mode II loading was investigated using the compact shear specimen. A limited number of additional mixed mode fracture tests were performed on an epoxy resin. The objective of the investigation was to determine the effects of mixed Mode I and Mode II loading on the failure behavior of these materials, considering such effects as the relationship between specimen geometry and failure loads, data reduction methods, crack growth versus limit load shear failure, and the direction of crack growth for mixed mode loading.
Document-Centric Groupware for Distributed Governmental Agencies

The distribution of the German government between Bonn and Berlin calls for the technical support for the collaborative document-based tasks performed by inter- and intra-ministerial work groups. The currently available cooperation and communication tools do not provide an integrated and homogeneous cooperation environment suitable for this application domain. This paper presents the Cooperative Document Repository, an integrated document-centric collaboration environment. The integration of cooperative document management and document processing with multi-point audio/video conferencing provides a flexible collaboration environment within which a wide range of collaborative activities can be performed.
Fair care Elder care and distributive justice

Caring relationships and material caregiving are politically significant goods that should be distributed according to principles of justice. I argue that, within Rawlsian liberalism, care should b...
Injectable tissue-engineered bone repair of a rat calvarial defect.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Advances in bone repair have focused on the minimally-invasive delivery of tissue-engineered bone (TEB). A promising injectable biopolymer of chitosan and inorganic phosphates was seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a bone growth factor (BMP-2), and evaluated in a rat calvarial critical size defect (CSD). Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled MSCs are used to evaluate patterns of cell viability and proliferation. Study Design: Prospective, controlled trial in an animal model. Methods: In 30 male rats, 8-mm calvarial CSDs were created, and divided into five groups of six animals each. In the experimental groups, the defects were injected with either chitosan gel, gel loaded with MSCs (0.3 × 106 cells/defect), gel loaded with BMP-2 (2 μg/defect), or gel loaded with both MSC and BMP-2. In the control group, the defect was left untreated. At 4 weeks, in vivo microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was performed. At 8 weeks, calvarial specimens were examined by micro-CT, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results: New areas of bone growth were seen in the defects of all treated animals. Micro-CT analysis revealed a significant (P < .001) time-dependent increase in the regeneration of bone volume and bone area in defects treated with gel/MSC/BMP-2 as compared to all other groups. Histological analysis confirmed this difference. GFP–labeled TEB was detected within the areas of new bone, indicating cell viability and contribution to new bone growth by the injected MSC. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an injectable form of TEB using a chitosan gel, MSC, and BMP-2 can enhance bone formation in a rat calvarial CSD. Laryngoscope, 2010
ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF ANTS.

The renewed interest in island biogeography during the last decade has stemmed in part from the fact that islands represent biological microcosms where ecological and evolutionary phenomena can be observed more readily than on continents. Along with the new focus on species-area relations provided by MacArthur and Wilson (1963, 1967) and Hamilton and Rubinoff (1963) came the idea that ecological mechanisms basic to all communities could best be elucidated in the simple communities present on islands. This study was undertaken as part of a general analysis of niche segregation and habitat utilization in a north temperate zone ant community. It was found that the factors important to niche segregation and community structure were also the controlling factors in the species-area relationship. This report will describe how the geographical distribution of a physical parameter (temperature), of demonstrated physiological significance to the taxon studied, can be used to predict the number of species that an area of land will contain.
A New Polymorphic Rhizopod related to Pseudospora found associated with a Colonial Hydroid

WE have recently had the opportunity of examining an organism found living in close association with specimens of the colonial hydroid Cordylophora lacustris (Allman) in laboratory cultures which may throw light on a neglected group of rhizopods sometimes classed with, or as an appendage to, the Heliozoa. The organism is highly polymorphic and occurs in two amœboid phases, plus a ‘heliozoan’ phase, a flagellated phase, and an encysted phase.
What you need to know when managing twins: 10 key facts

Twin pregnancies can be complicated. Early diagnosis with accurate dating, determination of chorionicity, screening for chromosomal and structural abnormalities, placental evaluation, and cervical length assessment should be completed in the first half of gestation. Routine fetal growth is recommended for all twins with serial surveillance for those complicated by anomalies, cervical shortening, growth disturbances, and amniotic fluid abnormalities. Twins with monochorionic placentation require heightened scrutiny for unequal placental sharing with discordant twin growth or selective intrauterine fetal growth restriction, twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence, and single-fetal demise. Familiarity with essentials can assist practitioners involved in the management of twins.
The effect of sterol on the energy producing capacity of yeast mitochondria

Abstract The mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ) of yeast mitochondria has been determined. Comparison of mutants which accumulate sterols other than ergosterol with isogenic wild-types shows no correlation between sterol structure and the ability to generate a transmembrane potential.
Controls on Ecosystem Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Short- and Long-Hydroperiod Florida Everglades Freshwater Marshes

Although freshwater wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, little is known of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange in low latitude wetlands. The Everglades is an extensive, oligotrophic wetland in south Florida characterized by short- and long-hydroperiod marshes. Chamber-based CO2 exchange measurements were made to compare the marshes and examine the roles of primary producers, seasonality, and environmental drivers in determining exchange rates. Low rates of CO2 exchange were observed in both marshes with net ecosystem production reaching maxima of 3.77 and 4.28 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in short- and long-hydroperiod marshes, respectively. Fluxes of CO2 were affected by seasonality only in the short-hydroperiod marsh, where flux rates were significantly lower in the wet season than in the dry season. Emergent macrophytes dominated fluxes at both sites, though this was not the case for the short-hydroperiod marsh in the wet season. Water depth, a factor partly under human control, significantly affected gross ecosystem production at the short-hydroperiod marsh. As Everglades ecosystem restoration proceeds, leading to deeper water and longer hydroperiods, productivity in short-hydroperiod marshes will likely be more negatively affected than in long-hydroperiod marshes. The Everglades stand in contrast to many freshwater wetlands because of ecosystem-wide low productivity rates.
Blutentnahme und Venenverweilkatheter beim Kaninchen

Wenn klinische Untersuchung und Bildgebung allein nicht ausreichen, um eine Diagnose zu stellen, hilft die Blutuntersuchung oft weiter. „Wo“, „was“, „wie viel“ und „wie“ man beim Kaninchen leicht ausreichend Blut entnimmt, wird im Folgenden erklart.
Error correction capabilities of binary mapped Reed-Solomon codes with parity bits appended to all symbols

It is shown that the class of binary codes obtained from an RS code over GF(2/sup m/) with a parity bit appended to each RS-code symbol in GF(2/sup m/) can be decoded very efficiently by an RS decoding algorithm which corrects both errors and erasures. The error correction capabilities of this-modified class of codes are discussed. It turns out that some subcodes of this class are competitive with the best-known quadratic-residue codes with similar parameters. Also this class of codes inherits the burst error correction capability from the original RS code.
New architecture for incoherent optical CDMA to achieve bipolar capacity

A simple and efficient method for using bipolar codes in noncoherent optical code-division multiple access systems is proposed. The proposed system requires only incoherent optical delay lines and direct detection receivers. Practical architectures for the encoder/decoder are given. The Letter shows that combining Gold codes of period M=127 and Barker code of period K=4 into composite sequences of period N=508 allows 20 simultaneous active users for P/sub e/=10/sup -9/, while requiring only four nonprogrammable delay lines.
Intramolecular rearrangement of thioozonides: Sulfine formation without sulfur atom scrambling, a double isotope crossover study

Abstract Decomposition of a mixture of 34 S and deuterium labeled thioozonides prepared by photooxidation of dimethylthiophenes in CDCl 3 has shown that intramolecular rearrangement to thioketone S-oxide, a stable 1,3-dipole, proceeds cleanly without sulfur atom scrambling in the presence of sulfur allotropes.
Elder-Child Coresidence in the United States Evidence from the 1990 Census

We examine patterns of coresidence between elders and their adult children using a very large sample (N greater than 3.5 million) of individuals 60 and older from the 1990 decennial census. The siz...
Studies on pertussis immunization.

Summary Contrary to popular opinion, young infants are able to produce antibodies as a result of pertussis immunization just as well as older children. In the immunization of these young infants, prolonged antigenic stimulus as afforded by alum precipitation is necessary for efficient antibody production. The alumprecipitated vaccine, except for its tendency to produce sterile abscesses, gave far less local and systemic reactions than the fluid or combined vaccines. Severe reactions were an infrequent occurrence with the young infants. Local and systemic reactions were associated with high agglutinin titers indicating that, although undesirable from the practical standpoint, they are highly desirable immunologically. Following pertussis immunization the agglutinins reach a plateau level in two to four months and remain at this level practically unchanged for at least three years. A “stimulating dose” of pertussis vaccine administered eight to twelve months following completion of immunization of young infants raises the agglutinin titer to higher levels within one month, after which the plateau is maintained for two years or longer. A follow-up of immunized and nonimmunized children with known agglutinin titers shows that immunization of young infants below 3 months of age is highly effective and supports the contention that, although immunity may exist in the absence of agglutinins, susceptibility does not occur in the presence of agglutinins in high titers (1:320 or above).
Chemotherapy-treated liver metastases mimicking hemangiomas on MR images

Background: To report the observation that chemotherapy-treated liver metastases may mimic the appearance of hemangiomas on T2-weighted and serial postgadolinium gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images. Methods: T2-weighted and serial postgadolinium spoiled gradient-echo images were prospectively and retrospectively analyzed in six patients. All patients had been treated with chemotherapy for a duration of 2–12 months. Histopathologic evaluation of liver lesions was performed in three patients. Results: Twelve lesions that resembled hemangiomas were identified. Lesions were 0.8–5.5 cm in diameter. All were well defined, oval or lobulated, and demonstrated decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. On immediate postgadolinium images, all lesions demonstrated peripheral nodular enhancement, which coalesced on delayed imaging. Final histopathologic diagnoses were as follows: hepatic metastases from colon cancer (two patients), ovarian cancer (two patients), pancreatic islet cell tumor (one patient), and breast cancer (one patient). Conclusions: Metastases treated by chemotherapy may mimic the appearance of hemangiomas on a variety of commonly employed MR techniques. In patients undergoing MR imaging for the evaluation of liver metastases, a history of prior chemotherapy administration and duration should be sought to prevent inaccurate staging and inappropriate therapeutic decision making.
Vitamin D, Immunity and Human Disease

There is now increasing evidence that a key feature of vitamin D physiology is its ability to act as modulator of innate and adaptive immunity. This article will review the effects of vitamin D on innate immune responses with specific emphasis on the autocrine induction of antibacterial responses in macrophages, and the regulation of dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation. The impact of vitamin D on adaptive immunity will also be reviewed, focusing on the effects of vitamin D on T-cell function, particularly the induction of regulatory T-cells. The review will also explore the impact of vitamin D deficiency on these facets of immune function, as well as the possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation. Finally, the review will also include an appraisal of human diseases such as infection and autoimmune disease that may be substantially influenced by vitamin D-dependent regulation of human immunity.
Fluency and anxiety in self-access speaking tasks: the influence of environment

This study compares characteristics of fluency in student audio journals recorded in a laboratory setting with those recorded using mobile audio devices. Forty graduate students enrolled in four oral communication courses at an American university recorded weekly audio journals for a 10-week term. Students chose the environment in which they recorded these journals, provided that they recorded at least once in the audio laboratory and at least once using the mobile audio devices. The frequency of preferred recording environment was observed. Two independent raters assigned rank scores to the students' volume, pausing, utterance length, and rate in relation to the observable influence of anxiety upon fluency in order to determine if there is a significant difference between fluency in these two environments. Implications for language learning are discussed.