cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Warp breaks detection in Jacquard weaving using MEMS: System development

Abstract Research related to warp breaks has been limited to monitoring break frequency and the reason associated with breaks in order to improve warp yarn quality. While this approach led to improvement in weaving efficiency, warp breaks still represent a major problem, especially for today's high-speed weaving machines. Researchers have been trying to develop commercial automated systems to repair warp breaks with no success. The goal of this study is to explore inexpensive methods to detect warp breaks using nontraditional technique that would pave the way to automate warp break repair. To achieve the goal, a system that can detect warp breaks using MEMS accelerometers as sensors was developed for Jacquard weaving. The MEMS accelerometers were mounted on harness cords of a Jacquard tie. MEMS output acceleration signals components in the vertical and horizontal directions were analysed using time and frequency domains. The signals were acquired while warp ends are running and at the moment of intentiona...
The microbiological activity of α-keto-β,β-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone

α-Keto-β,β-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone is as active as pantoic acid in promoting growth of E. coli M-99-3, and is approximately three times as active as pantoic acid in promoting growth of E. coli M-99-4 and in reversing salicylate inhibition of E. coli; it is inactive in promoting growth of E. coli M-99-1 and only about 3% as effective as pantoic acid in promoting the growth of Acetobacter suboxydans.
Child Psychiatry Perspectives: After the “Civilized” Divorce

Abstract “Civilized” divorces, while avoiding the tumult and battles, may prevent the working through of important conflicts and feelings for all concerned. A technique of therapeutic intervention is described. The original family is reconvened, and unresolved feelings are revealed and expressed. Implications regarding childhood psychopathology, prevention, and treatment are discussed.
‘I like Your Colour!’ Skin Bleaching and Geographies of Race in Urban Ghana:

This article explores chemical skin bleaching practices in urban Ghana to demonstrate the ways that particular racialized understandings of meaning are deployed in a contemporary postcolonial African society. I argue that the processes of racialization indexed by skin bleaching in Ghana must be contextualized within global racial formations; specifically, they can only be understood by examining the interlinked local and global ideologies and practices of race. In elaborating this argument, the essay also engages with contemporary African diaspora theorization that tends to foreground diasporic identity and experience at the expense of contemporary continental processes. By bringing a postcolonial African society into a dialogue about race, processes of racialization, and the interlinked transnational construction of black identities, this essay offers one way out of the ambivalent relationship that I believe diaspora theorization has with Africa.
Oxygen Atom Transfer from Nitrite Mediated by Fe(III) Porphyrins in Aqueous Solution

Aqueous solutions of the iron(III) porphyrin complex FeIII(TPPS) (1, TPPS = tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrinato) and nitrite ion react with various substrates S to generate the ferrous nitrosyl complex FeII(TPPS)(NO) (2) plus oxidized substrate. When S is a water-soluble sulfonated phosphine, the product is the resulting monoxide. When air is introduced to the product solutions, 2 is rapidly reoxidized to 1; however, even in the absence of air, there is a slow regeneration of the ferric species with concomitant production of nitrous oxide. Thus, in an anaerobic aqueous environment, FeIII(TPPS) catalyzes oxygen atom transfer from nitrite ion to substrates with the eventual formation of N2O.
Popliteal Venous Aneurysm as a Source of Pulmonary Emboli in a Male: Case Report

A 48 year old male was admitted with pulmonary emboli. Subsequent investigation revealed the most probable source to be a left sided popliteal venous aneurysm. A second venogram performed shortly after the first did indeed reveal thrombus originating in the aneurysm and propagating up the superficial femoral vein. Popliteal venous aneurysm is an extremely rare entity, which heretofore has been described only in female patients.
Methods for analysis of autophagy in plants

The plant vacuole is a major site for the breakdown and recycling of cellular macromolecules. Cytoplasmic components destined for degradation are delivered to the vacuole in vesicles termed autophagosomes, and the breakdown products are transported back into the cytosol for reuse, with the overall process termed autophagy. In plants, autophagy is required for nutrient remobilization and recycling during senescence and nutrient deficiency, for clearance of protein aggregates and damaged organelles during environmental stress, for pathogen defense, and for general cellular maintenance under normal growth conditions. There is growing interest in autophagy in plants due to the wide range of processes in which it functions. While much of the work thus far has used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, autophagy is now under investigation in a number of other plants, particularly in economically important crop species. Here, I discuss methods for assessing autophagy activity in plant cells. Microscopic and biochemical assays are described, along with ways to distinguish the steady-state number of autophagosomes from flux through the autophagic pathway. Some deficiencies still exist in plant autophagy analysis, and there is a particular need for more accurate methods of quantifying autophagic flux in plants.
The Function of Gesture in Lexically Focused L2 Instructional Conversations

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediational function of the gesture-speech interface in the instructional conversation that emerged as teachers attempted to explain the meaning of English words to their students in two EFL classrooms in the Ukraine. Its analytical framework is provided by Vygotsky's sociocuhural psychology (e.g., Lantolf & Thorne, 2006) and McNeill's (1992, 2005) theory of gesture-speech synchronization, in particular his notion of catchment--recurrent gestural features that perform a cohesive function. Although the interactions between teachers and students were brief, lasting a mere one minute and fourteen seconds, they were pedagogically rich and remarkably informative regarding the role of gesture in classroom instructional conversations. The analyses suggest that the gesture-speech interface is a potent mediational tool through which students imagistically display details of their understandings of L2 word meanings that do not always emerge through the verbal medium alone. For their part, the teachers integrated gesture into their instructional talk as a way of remediating and improving student understandings. Finally, students signaled their modified understandings by appropriating and using the teachers' gestures in their own expressive moves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
A clothing modeling framework for uniform and armor system design

In the analysis and design of military uniforms and body armor systems it is helpful to quantify the effects of the clothing/armor system on a wearer's physical performance capabilities. Toward this end, a clothing modeling framework for quantifying the mechanical interactions between a given uniform or body armor system design and a specific wearer performing defined physical tasks is proposed. The modeling framework consists of three interacting modules: (1) a macroscale fabric mechanics/dynamics model; (2) a collision detection and contact correction module; and (3) a human motion module. In the proposed framework, the macroscopic fabric model is based on a rigorous large deformation continuum-degenerated shell theory representation. The collision and contact module enforces non-penetration constraints between the fabric and human body and computes the associated contact forces between the two. The human body is represented in the current framework, as an assemblage of overlapping ellipsoids that undergo rigid body motions consistent with human motions while performing actions such as walking, running, or jumping. The transient rigid body motions of each ellipsoidal body segment in time are determined using motion capture technology. The integrated modeling framework is then exercised to quantify the resistance that the clothing exerts on the wearer during the specific activities under consideration. Current results from the framework are presented and its intended applications are discussed along with some of the key challenges remaining in clothing system modeling.
Making Room for Values and Fairness: Teaching Reliability and Validity in the Classroom Context.

Can validity and reliability be taught from the perspective of the decisions classroom teachers make instead of from a more purely psychometric perspective? What aspects of validity and reliability are particularly relevant for classroom teachers?
An overview of experimental methodologies and their applications for die strength measurement

As the trends in semiconductor packages continue toward a decrease in overall package size and an increase in functionality and performance requirements, they bring challenges of processing, handling, and understanding smaller components and, in particular, thinner dies. In the meantime, high reliability remains a critical necessity. It is necessary to be able to appropriately characterize thinned dies in terms of their mechanical integrity and, equally important, in terms of the processes used to produce them. In practice, die strength can be adversely affected during various manufacturing processes, such as thinning and singulation. A realistic understanding of the significance of processing on die strength is gained through the study of the actual, processed component. This work outlines three methodologies that enable the measurement of die strength and demonstrates their application in three studies. Characterization of die damage, experimentation, and failure analysis are coupled to gain understanding of die strength with respect to processing conditions. The approaches demonstrated ultimately show the use of such information toward quantifying die strength, developing design criteria, selecting wafer processes, and optimizing processes.
Channel hot-carrier stressing of reoxidized nitrided oxide p-MOSFETs

Channel hot carrier reliability of reoxidized nitrided oxide (RNO) and conventional oxide p-MOSFETs was studied. RNO p-MOSFET degradation is shown to be due to electron trapping, as in oxide devices. Since nitridation introduces electron traps, device lifetimes determined by static stress were found to be lower by 2-3 orders of magnitude in the RNO than in the oxide p-MOSFETs. However, circuit life is determined by the shortest-lived device type. For conventional oxide, circuit lifetime is determined by n-MOSFET lifetime. The authors demonstrate that both RNO n- and p-channel lifetimes are many orders of magnitude longer than oxide n-channel lifetimes; therefore, for submicrometer CMOS, use of RNO is predicted to increase circuit lifetime significantly. X-ray irradiations were found to degrade oxide p-channel hot carrier reliability far more strongly than RNO reliability. >
Comparative proteomic analysis of a cytosolic fraction from β3 integrin-deficient cells.

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors involved in sensing and transmitting informational cues from the extracellular environment to the cell. This study explored sub-proteome changes in response to elimination of the β3 integrin using a knockout murine model. Cleavable isotope-coded affinity tagging (cICAT) in combination with sub-cellular fractionation, multiple dimensions of separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used to characterize differentially expressed proteins among β3 integrin −/− (β3 −/− ) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and isogenic wild-type (WT) controls. From a cytosolic protein fraction, 48 proteins were identified, in which expression differed by >1.5-fold. Predominant ontological groups included actin-binding/cytoskeletal proteins and protease/protease inhibitors. Interestingly, β3 integrin expression was inversely correlated with expression of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, as its expression was greater by over 3.5-fold in the β3 −/− cells.
Time-lagged Directed Information

Directed Information (DI) has recently been introduced to quantify the causality between two signals. However, one major remaining issue with DI is the computational complexity which increases dramatically with the length of the signal. Current simplified DI computation methods are either model dependent or focus on short-time intervals losing most of the causal dependencies. In this paper, we introduce the time-lagged DI to reduce the computational complexity while still quantifying the causal relationships.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Decreases Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB and AP-1 Activation

The epidemiological data suggest that breast cancer risk decreases in women who complete full-term pregnancy at a young age. Studies on a rat breast cancer model indicate that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that is present in very high levels during pregnancy, could be responsible for this decrease. These findings, as well as those demonstrating the presence of functional luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG receptors in human breast cells, prompted us to investigate the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects of hCG in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by down-regulating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with highly purified hCG resulted in a modest dose-dependent and hormone-specific decrease in cell proliferation. hCG treatment also decreased cell invasion, which was more dramatic than the decrease in cell proliferation. These hCG actions were abrogated when receptor synthesis was inhibited by treatment with antisense hCG/LH receptor phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide. hCG treatment prevented the tumor necrosis factor-dependent NF-κB and AP-1 activation, which paralleled a decrease in the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. The findings that hCG treatment increased cAMP synthesis and activated cAMP-dependent protein kinase, dibutyryl cAMP mimicked hCG in preventing NF-κB activation, and dideoxyadenosine, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, prevented the hCG effect on NF-κB suggested that the hCG actions are mediated via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway. In summary, our results demonstrate that hCG has anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects in MCF-7 cells by down-regulating NF-κB and AP-1. These findings support the premise that hCG could be responsible for the pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer in women.
Anharmonic properties of solids from measurements of the stress acoustic constant

The equations of elastic motion and their solutions are generalized in order to include nonzero homogeneous initial stresses and redefine the stress acoustic constants to include the effect of initial stress. In deriving the relationship between the stress acoustic constants and the strain-generalized Gruneisen parameters, implications in material anharmonicity and nonlinear thermoelasticity are discovered. It is found that the linear change in velocity obtained from these measurements is a nonlinear process resulting from anharmonicity in the interatomic potential. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient can also be expressed in terms of linear combinations.
Electrodeposited AlSb compound semiconductor for thin film solar cells

AlSb thin films have been electrodeposited on mesoporous TiO 2 on ITO (In 2 O 3 ∶SnO 2 ) coated glass surface. The reduction potential of Aluminum and Antimony from a solution of SbCl 3 in an AlCl 3 /EMIC ionic liquid and SbCl 3 was determined by cyclic voltammetry to be −0.62 V and 0.54 V respectively. The deposition of AlSb compound was accomplished by reversing the reduction pulsed potential cycles. Thin film solar cells with p - n and p - i - n heterojunction was fabricated using n type TiO 2 layer and the AlSb absorber layer. This p - n heterojunction (AlSb/TiO 2 ) solar cell was simulated by AMPS and shows a maximum conversion efficiency of ∼19 %. Also, a p - i - n heterojunction solar cell has been designed by using AlSb layer as an intrinsic absorber. The p - i - n heterojunction (CuSCN/AlSb/TiO 2 ) structure was fabricated by depositing p type CuSCN layer on top of AlSb layer. The simulation results show an efficiency ∼ 14.4% with a thin AlSb absorber layer of ∼500 nm. The characterization of these AlSb based devices is still under investigation.
Adiabatic decoupling sidebands.

An analytical solution is given for amplitudes and phases of adiabatic decoupling sidebands as a function of spin inversion time t. Since all the adiabatic decoupling phases q(t, t) refocus at two periods (2T) of the decoupling pulse, the sidebands are located at n/2T rather than at n/T as observed in other decoupling schemes. The real (Rn(t)) and imaginary (In(t)) amplitudes of the sidebands have symmetry Rn(t) 5 R2n(t) and In(t) 52 I2n(t), forming a mirror image between the counterparts of the sidebands. When frequency sweep changes direction all In(t) are inverted while all Rn(t) remain unchanged, leading to pure absorption
Beyond sustainability: environmental management for the Anthropocene Epoch

Human activities have vastly altered the Earth. Scientists posit that Earth has entered a new geological epoch, termed the ‘Anthropocene’. Yet, although physical conditions have changed, human socio-economic endeavors still proceed as in the past, on the basis of increasingly obsolete assumptions about natural systems and resources (‘business as usual’). As currently conceived, sustainable development is insufficient to cope with the global trends in environmental degradation and the emerging conditions of life on Earth. A holistic approach will be needed. Environmental management systems, designed for sustainable development, can help society adapt to the challenges of the Anthropocene, but their use remains marginal. Greater recourse to two fundamental principles, cooperation and resilience, is essential to build effectively toward holistic environmental stewardship. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancient North American Art Surfaces in the Art World: A Review of Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand

Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand rated as a must-see for anyone with an interest in art of the ancient Americas or ancient art in general—an exhibition whose breadth and depth in terms of visual material would be difficult, if not impossible, to replicate. This review takes a look beyond the immediate frame of the exhibition at some additional context related to the appreciation of these objects as ancient art, including some reflection on the original objectives of the exhibition and what appeared, at least to this anthropologist, as palpably missing or unspoken.
Black Owned Businesses in the South, 1790-1880

This essay analyzes the changing configuration of black-owned businesses in the South over nearly a century. It divides region into two sections-the Lower South and the Upper South-and examines changes that occurred prior to 1840, during the late antebellum era, and as a result of the Civil War. It uses a "wealth model" to define various business groups, and then creates business occupational categories based on the listings in various sources, including the U.S. censuses for 1850, 1860, and 1870. The article compares and contrasts the wealth holdings among various groups of blacks in business, and it analyzes, within a comparative framework, slave entrepreneurship, rural vs. urban business activity, color-black or mulatto-as a variable in business ownership, and slave ownership among blacks engaged in business before than a generation after his death in the mid-1840s, Craven County residents still recalled the remarkable business career of John Carruthers Stanly, an emancipated slave who became one of the most prosperous businessmen in North Carolina. Born shortly before the American Revolution, the son of John Wright Stanly, a white merchant-shipper, and an African-born Ibo woman, Stanly had received an education and opened a barbershop while still in bondage. By the time he was emancipated by his owners, Alexander and Lydia Carruthers Stewart (friends of John W Stanly) at twenty-one, he had already acquired a reputation as an astute businessman. During the early 1800s, he turned his barbershop over to two trusted slaves and began speculating in real estate and slaves. By the late 1820s, he had acquired three cotton and turpentine plantations, several rental houses in New Bern, and approximately 163 slaves. His total assets exceeded $68,000. Eventually, as a result of a banking erisis and several bad loans, he lost most of his substantial wealth, but at the height of his business career in 1828 Stanly was one of the wealthiest men in Craven County.
Remission and relapse after the first hospital admission in psychotic depression: a 4-year naturalistic follow-up

Background. Few studies have examined the course of illness among severely depressed patients ascertained at first hospitalization. Using data from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project (SCMHP), we investigated the times to and predictors of the first full remission and the first relapse during a 4-year period in a first-admission cohort with major depressive disorder (MDD) with psychotic features. Method. The cohort included 87 county-wide, first-admission patients with a longitudinal consensus diagnosis of MDD with psychotic features who were systematically followed over a 4-year period. We examined the associations of background, clinical and treatment factors, and time-varying indices of antidepressant (AD) and antipsychotic (AP) medication use to time to remission and relapse using Cox regression. Results. By the 4-year follow-up, 60 respondents (69·0%) had achieved a period of full remission (median time of 22 weeks among remitters and 54 weeks in the full sample). In the multivariable analysis, longer time to remission was associated with longer latency between initial episode and hospitalization, lower pre-hospital Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score, and lack of insurance, but not use of medication. Twenty-six remitters (43·3%) relapsed (median time of 50 weeks among those who relapsed and 192 weeks among all remitters). None of the risk factors or time-varying medication variables was significantly associated with time to relapse. Conclusion. Only two-thirds of the sample had at least one full remission by 4 years, and almost half of them subsequently relapsed. Poorer pre-hospital resources predicted remission but not relapse. Medication use over the follow-up was not associated with remission or relapse.
N‐Fluoro‐N‐tert‐butyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide

(1; R = t-Bu) [88303-13-3] C11H16FNO2S (MW 245.35) InChI = 1S/C11H16FNO2S/c1-9-5-7-10(8-6-9)16(14,15)13(12)11(2,3)4/h5-8H,1-4H3 InChIKey = VCBBPXLUJNRNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2; R = exo-norbornyl) [88303-14-4] C16H22FNO2S (MW 311.46) InChI = 1S/C14H18FNO2S/c1-10-2-6-13(7-3-10)19(17,18)16(15)14-9-11-4-5-12(14)8-11/h2-3,6-7,11-12,14H,4-5,8-9H2,1H3/t11-,12+,14+/m1/s1 InChIKey = PDQVQUPARWDKBF-DYEKYZERSA-N (3; R = endo-norbornyl) [88303-15-5] C16H22FNO2S (MW 311.46) InChI = 1S/C14H18FNO2S/c1-10-2-6-13(7-3-10)19(17,18)16(15)14-9-11-4-5-12(14)8-11/h2-3,6-7,11-12,14H,4-5,8-9H2,1H3/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1 InChIKey = PDQVQUPARWDKBF-MBNYWOFBSA-N (4; R = neopentyl) [88303-17-7] C12H18FNO2S (MW 259.38) InChI = 1S/C12H18FNO2S/c1-10-5-7-11(8-6-10)17(15,16)14(13)9-12(2,3)4/h5-8H,9H2,1-4H3 InChIKey = COHNWDUZTLRGOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for the fluorination of carbanions) Physical Data: (1) mp 59–62.5 °C; (2) mp 54–60 °C; (3) mp 78–81 °C; (4) mp 58–62.5 °C. Solubility: sol hexane, ether, THF, toluene. Form Supplied in: white to light yellow solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: TLC, 1H NMR. Preparative Method: a solution of the N-alkyl-p-toluenesulfonamide in CFCl3/CHCl3 (1:1) at −78 °C is treated with fluorine (1–5%) in nitrogen2 (description of apparatus3). Purification: flash column chromatography on silica gel. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: solid can be stored in glass containers and is stable to moisture but becomes yellow at ambient temperatures over time with no significant change in fluorinating ability observed after several weeks. No significant decomposition was observed after freezer storage for one year. Reagent (4) decomposed with abrupt changes in temperature and pressure when heated above 180 °C in a closed pressure vessel.4 These reagents should be handled in a fume hood.
Effects of training on Internet self-efficacy and computer user attitudes

Abstract This article reports on the effects of training on Internet self-efficacy and computer user attitudes. Using a 17-item Internet self-efficacy scale and a 20-item computer user attitude scale in a sample of 189, the relationship between training and computer user attitude and Internet self-efficacy is examined. Survey responses were collected at both the beginning and end of an introductory computer course. Results suggest that training significantly improved Internet self-efficacy for males and females. Respondents with ‘high’ and ‘low’ attitude toward computers seem to equally benefit from training programs. However, respondents with ‘high’ attitude toward computers had higher self-efficacy scores than respondents with ‘low’ attitude toward computers. Training programs did not seem to influence attitudes toward computer usage for males or females. Implications of these findings are discussed and further research opportunities described.
Susceptibility of Mature and Newly Emerged Face Flies to Chemosterilization with Apholate

Newly emerged and sexually mature face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer, were fed 0.5% of apholate in their diet for 1 day. Complete sexual sterility resulted from feeding this dosage to sexually mature female flies; only 78% net sterility resulted when mature males received the same amount of apholate. This concentration of sterilant produced 86 and 82% net sterility, respectively, in newly emerged face flies, both male and female. In further tests 9.1 µg of actual apholate imbibed as a food additive was effective in producing complete sexual sterility in mature females and 10.4 µg imbibed were only 52.0% effective in controlling reproduction in newly emerged females. Topical applications of apholate to newly emerged and sexually mature females indicated little difference in the susceptibility of the 2 groups to the sterilant. Quantitative measurements of food consumption indicated that mature females consumed approximately twice as much food as newly emerged females.
Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism induced in Aspergillus niger by dinitrobenzene

Abstract A strain of Aspergillus niger, resistant to the fungistatic action of m-dinitrobenzene, was isolated from cultures of the wild type. The resistant strain contained about 9%, on a dry weight basis, of a new polysaccharide which appeared to be a β-1,4-glucan. Whereas the wild type is an aerobic organism, the new strain is capable of metabolizing glucose anaerobically and does not have a direct oxidative pathway. Stored polysaccharide, presumably the β-1,4-glucan, was used preferentially to glucose as the carbohydrate source for glycolysis by the resistant strain. Dinitrobenzene inhibited oxidative catabolism of the polysaccharide, and, since culture media for the resistant strain contained dinitrobenzene, this observation may account for the accumulation of the β-1,4-glucan in this strain.
Linear least squares solutions by householder transformations

Let A be a given m×n real matrix with m≧n and of rank n and b a given vector. We wish to determine a vector x such that $$\parallel b - A\hat x\parallel = \min .$$ where ∥ … ∥ indicates the euclidean norm. Since the euclidean norm is unitarily invariant $$\parallel b - Ax\parallel = \parallel c - QAx\parallel $$ where c=Q b and Q T Q = I. We choose Q so that $$QA = R = {\left( {_{\dddot 0}^{\tilde R}} \right)_{\} (m - n) \times n}}$$ (1) and R is an upper triangular matrix. Clearly, $$\hat x = {\tilde R^{ - 1}}\tilde c$$ where c denotes the first n components of c.
Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Children and Adolescents: Emerging Issues for Intervening with Medically At-Risk Youth

Objective To summarize information on rates of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among healthy and medically at-risk pediatric populations, discusses the clinical manifestations of pediatric disease that are exacerbated by exposure, and provide an overview of promising strategies for reducing SHS in vulnerable pediatric populations. Methods The success of exposure reduction and smoking cessation interventions implemented with parents of healthy children and those with respiratory disease, in the context of their child’s health care, is reviewed. Results Concurrent implementation of multiple levels of intervention, including clinical interventions within the medical setting, will help to maximize the reduction in childhood SHS exposure. Conclusion Ongoing intervention research and identification of strategies to capitalize on opportunities for providing effective SHS counseling in primary care and specialty clinics will be critical for effective tobacco control among medically at-risk children.
Application of Electrochemical Noise Technique in Multiphase Flow

This paper presents the experimental results for CO2 corrosion of carbon steel in a 101.6 mm ID multiphase flow loop using electrochemical noise measurement. ZRA mode electrochemical noise technique with three nominally identical electrodes was utilized to study the corrosion processes and inhibitor performance in the stationary slug flow. Comparable corrosion rates were obtained from EN, EIS, and ER tests, suggesting EN technique with a “noisy” RE a practical measurement for investigating CO2 corrosion in multiphase slug flow condition. Results from EN signals showed that addition of 100 ppm inhibitor could retard the corrosion process to a satisfied level for stationary slug flow pattern at Fr 6 in the flow loop tests.
From leaf explants to rooted plantlets in a mist reactor

The medicinally important plant Artemisia annua was used as an example to study the effect of mist reactor conditions on shooting, rooting, and in vitro acclimatization. During all three stages, plants grown in the mist reactor yielded more shoot biomass than corresponding gelled medium controls. During shoot development, shooting percentage and shoot multiplication increased with increased light intensity and CO2. Shooting percentage and shoot multiplication were also better under a once vs. twice per hour misting frequency. Hyperhydricity was lowest under light and CO2 enrichment and with less frequent misting. Compared to unhyperhydric shoots, hyperhydric shoots showed significantly greater water content. Hyperhydric shoots also produced fewer glandular trichomes and artemisinin and flavonoids were 3 and 14.5%, respectively, compared to unhyperhydric shoots. During root development, all aspects of root growth, including rooting percentage, number of primary roots and secondary roots, and length of the latter, improved with more frequent misting cycles and light and CO2 enrichment. Although plants grown in the mist reactor did not yield a better rooting percentage than gelled medium controls, new roots formed in the reactor were thicker than those grown on gelled medium. During in vitro acclimatization, reducing the relative humidity of the ventilating air from ~50 to ~10% improved stomatal closure and subsequent ex vitro survival. Plantlets acclimatized in unventilated reactors had broken stems with less lignin. Together, these results showed that compared to traditional methods using gelled medium, the mist reactor can be used to improve micropropagation.
Brief paper: Control of linear singularly perturbed systems with colored noise disturbance

This paper considers the stochastic control of linear-quadratic problems for singularly perturbed systems when the input noise is colored. A near optimal linear output feedback control is obtained by optimizing a slow subsystem only.
Lies, Omissions, and Concealment: The Golden Rule in Law Enforcement and the Federal Criminal Code

This essay was written for a symposium devoted to the topic of "Citizen Ignorance, Police Deception, and the Constitution." I begin crafting a federal theory of deception by comparing the standard of behavior the federal government expects from its citizens in order to avoid violating the substantive federal criminal code with the level of honesty that it expects of its law enforcement personnel, prosecutors, and judges in order to avoid violating the criminal procedural guarantees in the federal constitution. In Part I, I provide a brief description of constitutional regulation of citizen-police encounters, focusing on the difference between lies and omissions or concealment, and on the level of honesty that is required in different contexts. For example, there is no constitutional or statutory impediment to lying to a citizen during a sting operation. A much higher level of disclosure is required by the government in order to obtain a suspect's waiver of constitutional criminal procedural guarantees in the trial context than during street encounters. Furthermore, there is some disclosure of the ramifications of waiving trial rights that a federal judge must relay to a criminal defendant during a Rule 11 guilty plea colloquy. In Part II, I review select portions of the federal criminal code, particularly Perjury under 18 U.S.C. section 1621, False Statements under 18 U.S.C. section 1001, and the Mail and Wire fraud statutes, U.S.C. section 1341 and 1343. I will focus here on the differing government expectations regarding direct falsehoods versus concealment or failure to disclose material information. Finally, in Part III, I draw possible analogies between the level of honesty the federal government demands from its citizens upon pain of criminal sanction and the information it provides to criminal suspects, usually upon the risk of evidentiary exclusions at criminal trials or the possibility of monetary damages in civil rights actions. I conclude that there are significant differences in the level and types of honesty that the federal government expects from its citizens compared to its official treatment of these same citizens, and that the Court lacks a theory of honesty sufficiently coherent to justify this violation of the Golden Rule. I will conclude by suggesting the development of a federal theory of deception, provided by the government ex ante, that would consistently apply across various contexts.
The Importance of Workplace Motives in Understanding Work–Family Issues for Older Workers

As the average age of the working population continues to rise, it becomes increasingly important for organizations to understand the factors that contribute to the maintenance of a healthy and effective work life for older workers. One important factor for older workers is the relationship between changing motives and the role this plays with their lives both within and outside of work. This article aims to provide insight on this issue by examining the role work motives play in the experience of work–family conflict (WFC) in older workers. In order to achieve this, this article first gives an overview of the current state of the literature on WFC across the life span, with a focus on older individuals. Second, theories (social-emotional selectivity theory; selection, optimization, and compensation; emotion regulation) will be discussed that help explain how shifts in life, work, and social desires impact the importance of work and family roles in later life. Finally, the article will examine how the empirical findings on WFC and work motives in older workers have practical implications for organizations hoping to create a healthy working environment for their older employees.
Masticatory strains on osseous and ligamentous components of the temporomandibular joint in miniature pigs.

Aims An animal study of functional biomechanics was undertaken to understand normal loading of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to provide insight into the pathogenesis of TMJ disorders. Methods Bone strain and ligamentous deformation were measured during mastication in 26 10-month-old minipigs. Half the subjects had undergone a surgical disruption of the left lateral capsular and disc attachments to the condyle 5 to 6 weeks previously. Rosette strain gauges were bonded to the left lateral surfaces of the squamosal bone near the TMJ, the condylar neck, and the mandibular corpus below the molar region. Differential variable reluctance transducers (DVRTs) were placed bilaterally in the lateral capsular tissue of the joints. Bone strains, ligamentous deformations, and the electromyographic activities of the masseters and lateral pterygoids were recorded during natural mastication. Results In all animals on both working and balancing sides, mastication caused bone strains that were dominated by tension in the squamosal bone site and by compression in the other sites. Measurements from the DVRT revealed elongation of the lateral capsular tissue in the last phase of the power stroke and shortening in the initial phase of opening, which was almost simultaneous with the development of bone strain. Strain in the capsule ranged from 3 to 25%, with the strain of the balancing side exceeding that of the working side. The surgical disruption did not alter chewing side preference or bone strain, but a tendency toward more extensive ligamentous deformation on the intact side was observed. Furthermore, the ratio of masseter to lateral pterygoid activity was smaller on the disrupted side and larger on the intact side, in comparison to control pigs. Conclusion Both osseous and ligamentous components of the TMJ are strained during mastication, and the latter are more deformed on the balancing side. Disruption of the lateral attachment had little effect on strain in the osseous components but appeared to increase strain in the capsule and to modify the balance of masticatory muscle activity.
Guided-wave half-harmonic generation of frequency combs with ∼75-fold spectral broadening

We demonstrate a guided-wave degenerate OPO comprising a PPLN waveguide and a polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The output frequency comb centered at 1548 nm is ∼75-times broader than the pump and is phase locked to it.
Breast cancer examination experience of medical students and residents

Abstract A survey of fourth‐year medical students and residents at three institutions revealed a low experience in examining patients with primary breast cancer. Although the experience was low, there was high confidence in their ability to examine the breast. Changes in learning experiences are necessary.
Depth Control of Superspeed Underwater Vehicle in Vertical Plane

When a superspeed underwater vehicle runs in cruise phase,its motion characteristics are different from those of a usual bedewed vehicle because a majority of its surface is encircled by supercavitation.Based on the motion characteristics and the unique restricted condition of vehicle control in vertical plane,two depth control schemes adopting the 'bang-bang' rudder operating control method were put forward.One is direct depth feedback control,and the other is indirect depth control via controlling the pitch angle feedback.The method of obtaining depth feedback signal was also discussed.These control methods are robust and easy to implement.The validity of these methods are verified by a mathematical simulation.
Future issues in AIDS.

This article discusses the changes that the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will effect in such areas as social issues and health-care delivery systems.
5G and IoT

As vision and service requirements for 5G have converged in the cellular industry. Three service types are identified: enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC), and uMTC (ultra-reliable, ultra-low latency MTC). The latter two are more related to IoT with different flavors compared to the existing IoT services. In this talk, I will discuss the enabling technologies and challenges in 5G and provide an update on the 3GPP standard development in cellular IoT.
BUOYANCY, LOCOMOTION, AND MOVEMENT IN FISHES | Experimental Hydrodynamics

Fish physiologists use experimental hydrodynamics techniques to visualize and quantify the way water moves around swimming fishes. Studying water motion provides information about forces that fishes produce, along with external forces, such as eddies, for which they must compensate. This article introduces the basic principles of fluid dynamics necessary for understanding such measurements, and describes several standard techniques for measuring and interpreting fluid flow fields. Special emphasis is given to planar flow fields, such as those estimated using the technique called particle image velocimetry. Both vortex and momentum-based techniques for estimating force from flow patterns are described.
Partial oxidation of methane to liquid hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 catalyst

The paper deals with the formation of aromatic-rich liquid hydrocarbons from the direct partial oxidation of CH 4 with O 2 over ZSM-5 zeolite in the presence of small amounts of a higher hydrocarbon additive such as propane or propene in the feed
A Christian Perspective of an Ojibwe Sweat for Women

It is a rare privilege to be invited to participate in a Native American Ojibwe sweat and I was fortunate to experience this as an all-female event with other counselors from across the US. As a pa...
Joint Behavioural Control of Autonomous Multi-Robot Systems for Lead-Follower Formation to Improve Human-Robot Interaction

The effective autonomous cooperation between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) has led to an increase in research and development for improving human robot interaction, due to their high potential for achieving successful missions in challenging environments. In this paper, a voice command system is developed to control a UAV and a vision-based approach system controls the UGV in a lead-follower formation to enhance human-robot teams for military defence and rescue missions in urban areas. The proposed voice control framework is executed using open source interface, Robot Operating System (ROS), for aerial vehicle communication supported by spoken dialogues using a wireless microphone, while the UGV detects and tracks a target image captured by the on board low-cost camera from the height of the UAV, using the proposed vision-based approach. The lead-follower formation is based on communication and visibility between the UAV and UGV in a given environment. In addition, a speech recognition module translates voice input to text and the published text is then mapped to the control input of the UAV in order to execute corresponding voice commands. The relative distance and position between the UAV and UGV is estimated from the image received via laptop. UGVs and UAVs have sophisticated design features such as network device communication, navigation, vision sensors and obstacle detection sensors. The UAV is a quad-copter that leads the UGV to accessible areas, while the UGV plays the role of the follower with wheel activators to track and locate the target image on the UAV, given a defined geographic path. The joint behavioural control system of the proposed voice command and vision-based approach is verified by experimental setups that show the UAV has a high voice recognition response and the UGV autonomously tracks the moving UAV in real time operation. As a consequence of the experimental tests, it is expected that the voice control system and vision-based approach developed play an important role in future combat fields.
B‐cell responses to HIV infection

The induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has received considerable attention in recent years, in part driven by renewed interest and opportunities for antibody-based strategies for prevention such as passive transfer of antibodies and the development of preventive vaccines, as well as immune-based therapeutic interventions. Advances in the ability to screen, isolate, and characterize HIV-specific antibodies have led to the identification of a new generation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The majority of these antibodies have been isolated from B cells of chronically HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia. In this review, we provide insight into the phenotypic and functional attributes of human B cells, with a focus on HIV-specific memory B cells and plasmablasts/cells that are responsible for sustaining humoral immune responses against HIV. We discuss the abnormalities in B cells that occur in HIV infection both in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, especially in the setting of persisting viremia. Finally, we consider the opportunities and drawbacks of intensively interrogating antibodies isolated from HIV-infected individuals to guide strategies aimed at developing effective antibody-based vaccine and therapeutic interventions for HIV.
A universal symmetry criterion for the design of high performance ferroic materials

Abstract The symmetry of a crystal has profound effects on its physical properties and so does symmetry-breaking on the characteristics of a phase transition from one crystal structure to another. For an important class of smart materials, the ferroics, their functionality and performance are associated with cycles of transitions from multiple structural states of one phase to those of the other . Using group and graph theories, we construct phase transition graph (PTG) and show that both the functionality and performance of ferroics are dictated by the topology of their PTGs . In particular, we demonstrate how the giant piezoelectricity in ferroelectrics and the functional fatigue in shape memory alloys (SMAs) are related to their unique PTG topological features. Using PTG topology as a guide, we evaluate systematically new systems potentially having giant piezoelectricities and giant electro- and magneto-strictions and discuss the design strategies for high performance SMAs with much improved functional fatigue resistance.
Control of Nonholonomic Robotic Systems Using Reduction and Adaptation

Abstract This paper considers the problem of controlling nonholonomic robotic systems in the presence of incomplete information concerning the system model and state. It is proposed that a simple and effective solution to this problem can be obtained by first using a reduction procedure to obtain a lower dimensional system which retains the mechanical system structure of the original system, and then adaptively controlling the reduced system in such a way that the complete system is driven to the goal configuration. This approach is shown to ensure accurate motion control without knowledge of the system dynamic model or rate measurements.