cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Health Status of Public Places in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City during 2005-2010

[Objective]To learn the health status of public places in Haizhu district of Guangzhou city during 2005-2010,provide the scientific basis for strengthening the health management of public places.[Methods]According to the Rules of health monitoring for public places,Standard testing methods in public place,Hygienic standards for public place and Hygienic standards of articles in public place,the monitoring data of 6 223 public places with various types from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed.[Results]11 926 air samples were tested,and the qualified rate was 71.84%.30 612 samples of public articles were tested,and the qualified rate was 96.67%.The qualified rate of air in waiting rooms of public transport was the highest,and that in waiting rooms of hospital was the lowest.The qualified rate of wind speed was the highest,and that of illumination was the lowest.The qualified rate of hygienic articles in hair and beauty salons was the highest,and that in entertainment places was the lowest.The qualified rates of air in public places of Haizhu district were higher than that of Huangpu district in 2006 and 2009,qualified rates of air in public places of Huangpu district were higher than that of Haizhu district in 2005 and 2010,and the differences were significant.[Conclusion]In order to ensure the public health,it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation,disinfection and cleaning in public places.
Yellow-green luminescence and extreme thermal quenching in the Sr6M2Al4O15:Eu2+ (M = Y, Lu, Sc) phosphor series

Abstract A series of Eu 2+ -substituted yellow-green emitting phosphors based on the compound, Sr 6 M 2 Al 4 O 15 ( M = Y, Lu, Sc) were identified as potential efficient phosphors based on their high calculated Debye temperatures (Θ D > 450 K), which acts as a proxy for photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY). The crystal structure contains corner-sharing [ M O 6 ] octahedra and [AlO 4 ] tetrahedra leading to a highly connected, densely packed crystal structure. However, contrary to prediction, these compounds all showed a low PLQY ( T 50 ) occurring well below room temperature. These results suggest that even though Debye temperature (Θ D ) is a valid proxy for PLQY, it does not describe thermal quenching.
Carbonate Precipitation in Pyramid Lake, Nevada

Magnesium ion inhibition of calcium carbonate (calcite) formation explains present-day controls on carbonate formation in Pyramid Lake. Concentrations of magnesium ion are sufficient to reduce calcium carbonate nucleation rates and calcite formation rates in present-day supersaturated lake water. Calcium carbonate nucleation and crystal growth measurements in the presence of magnesium ion are consistant with whole-lake whitings and carbonate mound formation in and around Pyramid Lake.
Neuro-degeneration: Inhibition of protein biosynthesis, food and infections

B amines, decarboxylated analogs of amino acids act as competitive inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, enzymes of protein biosynthesis. At high concentration, biogenic amines can induce cell death via arrest of protein biosynthesis. Human cells and also microorganisms associated with food products and environment produce biogenic amines. The content of biogenic amines such as tyramine, histamine and tryptamine is high in common food products. Tryptamine appears as a suitable etiological factor killing neurons in human brain because in contrast to tyramine and histamine, tryptamine easily crosses blood-brain barrier (i) and tryptophan is not synthesized in human body and is a least available amino acid in food (ii). Thus the tryptamine inhibitory effect cannot be easily compensated by tryptophan. By other words, increased tryptamine prevents incorporation of tryptophan in proteins. The blockage of protein biosynthesis leads in cell death. The neuronal death is a major feature of all neurodegenerative diseases. Our experiments on human neuronal cells and mice demonstrate a massive neuronal loss induced by tryptamine at the concentrations inhibiting tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Moreover amyloidosis and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, the manifestations of neurodegeneration were also induced by tryptamine in human neuronal cultured cells and mouse brain. Histologically manifestations induced by tryptamine are similar to those we found in autopsy brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. For further analysis of samples of Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy controls we developed specific test, which reveals a link between microorganisms and disease. Elena Paley, J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2013, 3:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0460.S1.004
Surgical strategy to minimize ischemia during trapping/resection of giant extracranial carotid artery aneurysm stratified by collateral evaluation.

BACKGROUND Extracranial carotid artery aneurysm (ECAA) is a rare clinical entity, and no standard treatment strategy has been established for this condition. METHODS Data from three patients who underwent surgical treatment of enlarging giant ECAAs were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the collateral status, as evaluated by preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA), surgical strategy was stratified into (1) high flow bypass followed by cervical ICA (internal carotid artery) ligation, when the collateral status was judged as poor/fair or (2) direct cervical repair with patch application after aneurysmal wall resection when the collateral status was judged as robust. Postoperative results were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Postoperative follow-up (day 0 to 1, as well as midterm at approximately 6 months) confirmed completely trapped aneurysm with successful robust bypass and robust anterograde flow of the reconstructed cervical carotid artery on magnetic resonance angiography with no additional ischemic lesions on diffusion weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging when compared with preoperative imaging in all three patients. Postoperatively, there was no stroke event during the midterm follow-up at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Clinical results of ECAAs treated by a surgical strategy stratified based on collateral status, as evaluated by preoperative DSA, were favorable, without postoperative ischemic event, and with satisfactory mid-term MRI results.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) and Extracorporeal CO2 Removal (ECCO2R)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should be considered in cases of severe hypoxemia usually related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of many etiologies. ECMO replaces pulmonary function, allows ultra-protective mechanical ventilation settings, and may facilitate lung healing. Extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) is an emerging respiratory support strategy that is being studied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in an effort to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation. This chapter reviews how extracorporeal pulmonary support is provided, clinical trial data and outcome prediction.
Identification of dihydropteridine reductase in human platelets

Normal human platelets were shown to contain the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase. The enzyme was not found in a variety of other cells of hematogenous origin. Partial purification and kinetic and physical data indicated that the platelet enzyme is similar to that previously characterized from liver. Dihydropteridine reductase is important for the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin, a required cofactor in hydroxylation reactions involved in biogenic amine formation. The presence of the enzyme may indicate that some synthesis de novo of serotonin and/or catecholamines occurs in platelets, as opposed to a purely storage and transport function. In addition, screening for hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency may become feasible by assaying platelets for enzyme activity.
Radiotherapy fiber dosimeter probes based on silver-only coated hollow glass waveguides.

Manifestation of Cerenkov radiation as a contaminating signal is a significant issue in radiation therapy dose measurement by fiber-coupled scintillator dosimeters. To enhance the scintillation signal transmission while minimizing Cerenkov radiation contamination, we designed a fiber probe using a silver-only coated hollow waveguide (HWG). The HWG with scintillator inserted in its tip, embedded in tissue-mimicking phantoms, was irradiated with clinical electron and photon beams generated by a medical linear accelerator. Optical spectra of the irradiated tip were taken using a fiber spectrometer, and the signal was deconvolved with a linear fitting algorithm. The resultant decomposed spectra of the scintillator with and without Cerenkov correction were in agreement with measurements performed by a standard electron diode and ion chamber for electron and photon beam dosimetry, respectively, indicating the minimal effect of Cerenkov contamination in the HWG-based dosimeter. Furthermore, compared with a silver/dielectric-coated HWG fiber dosimeter design, we observed higher signal transmission in the design based on the use of silver-only HWG.
COMPLETE HEART BLOCK AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION VERSUS SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Complete heart block (CHB) is a common complication after both transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Limited data are available about the current practice pattern of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation for CHB after TAVI or SAVR. Using the
Racial and Ethnic Groups of Interest in Fertility Research

The National Institutes of Health, to further the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating health disparities in the USA, requires collection and reporting of data on race and ethnicity for all supported clinical research. Collecting this data requires an agreed upon definition of “race,” which is a difficult undertaking. The NIH uses the same categories as other US federal agencies, but these are meant to be a social-political construct and are not biologically based. Only 10–15 % of genetic variation is found between groups (rather than between individuals), and those single nucleotide polymorphisms that have relatively different frequencies between groups are called Ancestry Informative Markers. These may be of use in categorizing research participants. Ongoing extensive research into Developmental Origins of Health and Disease provides a framework for an epigenetic, transgenerational source of health disparities in disadvantaged groups. Intervention is urgent, as poor health is likely carried forward for generations to come.
The Posterolateral Approach

Obviously, the passage of large-bore cannulas or the installation of potentially damaging chemicals (e.g. chymopapain) into the lumbar intervertebral disc precludes the use of the midline transdural disc approach. Lindblom [4] first proposed midline discography, and others subsequently popularized the posterolateral or lateral approach to disc puncture [2, 3, 5, 6, 8].
Single-Strand Annealing

When discussing the mechanism of deletion of up to about 20 kilobase pairs of sequence, one should consider single-strand annealing. This mechanism does not depend on invasion of homologous sequence by a single-stranded end, but on annealing between directly repeated sequences exposed as complementary single strands by resection from broken ends. Flap removal, gap filling, and ligation complete repair of a double-strand break, while deleting sequence between the repeats and one of the repeats.
Applying evidence-based dentistry to caries management in dental practice: a computerized approach.

ABSTRACT Background It has been suggested that dentists manage patients' treatment according to their risk of developing caries, as determined on the basis of scientific findings—an example of applying evidence-based dentistry, or EBD, to caries management. This article evaluates the barriers to adopting EBD and suggests possible outcomes for dentists and patients if new EBD caries strategies are adopted. Methods The author estimated the complexity of adopting EBD for a general dentist by means of flowchart analysis. He considered the ease of collecting comprehensive patient screening data, identifying risk factors and classifying risk. He examined the adequacy of conventional caries charting methods for representing the different stages and behavior of carious lesions, as well as the difficulty of producing treatment plans according to different caries risk levels. He also modeled the possible financial and organizational results of applying EBD caries management methods and increasing the use of hygienists. Results Traditional caries management strategies required only one flowchart page, while EBD needed 16 pages. Two full-time hygienists and 25 percent of a dentist's time, managing only patients at low risk of developing caries, could generate the equivalent gross income of a full-time dentist working conventionally. Adding a third hygienist and devoting 75 percent of a dentist's time to managing the remaining patients (those at medium or high risk of developing caries and periodontal disease) could gross a similar amount again. Conclusions Changing from traditional to risk-based management of caries requires complex decision making that is unlikely to occur with paper chart methods. Computers are ideal for collecting patient screening data and automating the treatment planning process to reduce the complexity of clinical management. Conventional methods of charting caries are not suited for evidence-based caries risk management. Practice Implications One dentist who uses risk-based management of caries and makes efficient use of three hygienists may see a doubling of income and a fourfold increase in the practice's patient population.
Fundamentals of Radiative Transitions of Ions and of Ion Pairs in Solids

The interaction “between radiation and ions in solids is analyzed semiclassically. The ions in the solids are treated quantum mechanically; the radiation, classically. Electronic transitions induced by time-dependent perturbations are considered generally and then the transition matrices for electromagnetic radiative transitions are determined. These transitions are related to the Einstein induced and spontaneous transition probabilities. Cooperative phenomena at high radiation densities are noted. Finally, the effects of irreversible phonon relaxation processes are considered.
Receptor influences in GIRK current activation and desensitization

Receptor influences in GIRK current activation and desensitization By Gyu Tae Park, BSc. A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Thesis Director: Diomedes E. Logothetis, Ph.D. Chair, Department of Physiology and Biophysics
Foundations of R

This Chapter introduces the foundations of R programming for visualization, statistical computing and scientific inference. Specifically, in this Chapter we will (1) discuss the rationale for selecting R as a computational platform for all DSPA demonstrations; (2) present the basics of installing shell-based R and RStudio user-interface; (3) show some simple R commands and scripts (e.g., translate long-to-wide data format, data simulation, data stratification and subsetting); (4) introduce variable types and their manipulation; (5) demonstrate simple mathematical functions, statistics, and matrix operators; (6) explore simple data visualization; and (7) introduce optimization and model fitting. The chapter appendix includes references to R introductory and advanced resources, as well as a primer on debugging.
Pipeline for Analyzing Lesions After Stroke (PALS)

Lesion analyses are critical for drawing insights about stroke injury and recovery, and their importance is underscored by growing efforts to collect and combine stroke neuroimaging data across research sites. However, while there are numerous processing pipelines for neuroimaging data in general, few can be smoothly applied to stroke data due to complications analyzing the lesioned region. As researchers often use their own tools or manual methods for stroke MRI analysis, this could lead to greater errors and difficulty replicating findings over time and across sites. Rigorous analysis protocols and quality control pipelines are thus urgently needed for stroke neuroimaging. To this end, we created the Pipeline for Analyzing Lesions after Stroke (PALS; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1266980), a scalable and user-friendly toolbox to facilitate and ensure quality in stroke research specifically using T1-weighted MRIs. The PALS toolbox offers four modules integrated into a single pipeline, including (1) reorientation to radiological convention, (2) lesion correction for healthy white matter voxels, (3) lesion load calculation, and (4) visual quality control. In the present paper, we discuss each module and provide validation and example cases of our toolbox using multi-site data. Importantly, we also show that lesion correction with PALS significantly improves similarity between manual lesion segmentations by different tracers (z = 3.43, p = 0.0018). PALS can be found online at https://github.com/npnl/PALS. Future work will expand the PALS capabilities to include multimodal stroke imaging. We hope PALS will be a useful tool for the stroke neuroimaging community and foster new clinical insights.
Review: In trigeminal neuralgia, carbamazepine, botulinum toxin type A, or lidocaine improve response rate vs placebo.

Source Citation Yang F, Lin Q, Dong L, Gao X, Zhang S. Efficacy of 8 different drug treatments for patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a network meta-analysis. Clin J Pain. 2018;34:685-90. 29200017
Why do we itch

Why do we have the sensation of itch and the associated scratching response? The conventional explanation is that arthropods and other environmental irritants elicit the sensation of itch that then leads to scratching and removal of the stimulus. This explanation is reasonable yet is too limiting for this fascinating sensory phenomenon and the associated somatic (voluntary) response of scratching. We delve into other explanations here. Some of these explanations fit within current areas of basic and clinical knowledge while others are speculative and may help to frame future discussions and study.
Electrical characterization of leaf-based wires & supercapacitors

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing problem in the world due to increasing consumption and subsequent discarding of electronic devices. One of the ways to address this problem is to develop electronics made up of biodegradable components. Leaves are readily available, biodegradable and can be found with various types of architecture of the vascular conduits within. We investigated the possibility of developing electronic components based on leaves of a monocotyledon plant by introducing a conducting polymer inside the vascular conduits. We were able to construct conducting wires in those conduits extending to centimeters in length within a leaf. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the construction of a supercapacitor within a leaf by using the conducting conduits as electrodes. These results suggest the possibility of constructing embedded electronic components within leaves which may provide an alternative towards the development of biodegradable electronics.
Fibrinogen Concentrate as an Alternative to Cryoprecipitate in a Postcardiopulmonary Transfusion Algorithm in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND:Infants undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for bleeding and massive transfusion due to an immature coagulation system, complex surgeries, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) effects. Hemodilution from CPB promotes an acquired hypofibrinogenemia that results in impaired fibrin formation,
Collective diffusivity in a sheared viscous emulsion: Effects of viscosity ratio

Shear-induced gradient diffusivity in an emulsion of viscous drops is determined from direct numerical simulations of the system using a dynamic structure factor approach. A nonmonotonic variation of the gradient diffusivity with viscosity ratio and capillary number is observed.
Are we assessing guilt correctly? An investigation of the psychometric properties of a prominent guilt measure

The construct of trait guilt has played an important role in psychological theory across many fields of psychology (e.g., as a diagnostic criterion in clinical psychology, as an individual difference in personality psychology, and as a motivational antecedent or emotional moderator in social and organizational psychology); however, the measurement of guilt has received comparatively limited attention in the literature. Specifically, existing measures have limited factor analytic support, limited evidence of convergent validity among the measures, and although the theoretical distinction between guilt and shame is well established, there is limited empirical support for the discriminant validity of these constructs as they are currently measured. The current study investigates the psychometric properties of the most commonly used measure of guilt, the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3; in: Tangney, The Test of Self Conscious Affect-3. George Mason University, Fairfax, 2000), in order to (a) examine the factor structure of the measure, (b) estimate the convergent validity of the measure with other guilt assessment instruments, and (c) examine the discriminant validity of guilt and shame. Results involving a sample of 1760 participants provide support for a multitrait-multimethod model and the discriminant validity of guilt and shame. However, limited evidence of convergent validity between the TOSCA-3 and the Revised Mosher Guilt Inventory (φ = .21) and the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (φ = .10) suggested the TOSCA-3 is not assessing guilt in the same manner as more contextualized measures of guilt, highlighting the importance of measurement choice for guilt researchers. Implications for the measurement of trait guilt are discussed.
Impact of an HIV Care Coordination Program on the Timeliness of Viral Suppression and Immune Recovery Among Clients Newly Diagnosed with HIV

We compared the time to immune recovery and viral suppression (VS) among people newly diagnosed with HIV who enrolled in the HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP), a comprehensive medical case management program, with a propensity matched group of newly diagnosed people who did not enroll. CCP enrollees had more rapid VS (≤ 200 copies/mL) [hazards ratio (HR) 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.34] but no more rapid immune recovery (≥ two successive CD4 counts > 500 cells/mm3) (HR 0.98; 0.84–1.13). Relative to usual care, the CCP may expedite VS (though not immune recovery) for newly diagnosed HIV patients and therefore lower forward transmission risk.
Psychometric Evaluation of Work-Family Conflict Measures Using Classic Test and Item Response Theories

Work-family researchers have widely accepted Greenhaus and Beutell’s (1985) conceptualization of work-family conflict (WFC), but no such consensus has been reached regarding a standard operationalization. There are many existing WFC scales, yet no systematic comparison and understanding of potential overlap across those scales. We conduct two investigations of four existing WFC scales that differ in multiple characteristics (i.e., content domain, number of items, response scale). Results from study 1 (N = 605) suggest that while confirmatory factor analyses indicate that different scales relate to the same higher-order construct, the magnitude of relationship between WFC and its correlates systematically varies as a function of the scale under consideration. In addition to replicating these findings in study 2 (N = 583), we applied an item response theory approach to demonstrate that different scales provide different levels of measurement precision for respondents experiencing different levels of WFC. Collectively, our results suggest that scholars must be thoughtful when choosing their operationalization of WFC, recognizing they may observe meaningfully different results based on the scale used, particularly as a function of dominant characteristics within their sample.
Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and potentially serious condition. This teaching script leads the reader through a systematic approach to the initial evaluation of an acute bleed and the subsequent inpatient management. We emphasize determining the clinical severity of a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding. We highlight the consulting services needed in the care of these patients and what plans will need to be made after stabilization.
Association between cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and incidence of atrial fibrillation.

Abstract Background The interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the interaction between obesity and incidence of AF have been explored separately. Therefore, we evaluated the association between CRF, body mass index (BMI), and risk of developing AF in a cohort of middle-aged and older US Veterans. Methods Symptom limited exercise tests (ETT) were conducted among 16,397 Veterans (97% male) from January 9,1987 to December 31,2017. No history of AF was evident at the time of the ETTs. CRF was expressed as quartiles of peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved within each age decile. Weight status was classified as normal (BMI 35 kg/m2). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the association between BMI, CRF categories, and incidence of AF. Results Over a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 2,155 (13.1%) developed AF. Obese and severely obese subjects had 13% and 32% higher risks for incidence of AF, respectively, vs. normal weight subjects. Overweight and obese subjects in the most fit quartile had 50% decline in AF risk compared to the least-fit subjects. Severely obese subjects had marked increases in AF risk (~50–60%) regardless of fitness level. Risk of developing AF increases with higher BMI and lower CRF. Conclusion Improving CRF should be advocated when assessing those at risk for developing AF.
International Space Station Open-Source Data.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a world-class laboratory in low Earth orbit, supporting research investigations in biological sciences, physical sciences, human health, Earth and space science, technology development, and educational engagement. Data from many investigations are available in open-source science databases, providing unprecedented opportunity to leverage the unique environment.
Ionizing radiation activates interferon-inducible Stat1-dependent pathway and leads to the formation of cross-resistance to irradiation and interferon.

2172 Interferons can interact with ionizing radiation (IR) by sensitizing tumor cells to cytotoxic effects of irradiation. However, molecular mechanisms of this interaction remain unclear. We previously showed that in vivo selection of radiosensitive SCC61 xenografts by repetitive cycles of ionizing radiation leads to the formation of radioresistant tumor (nu61). Using expressional profiling we found that nu61 over-express specific patterns of genes which is over represented by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and include Stat1-major trans-activator of ISGs (N.N.Khodarev et. al., PNAS USA, 2004, 101:1714).The objectives of this study were to characterize effects of ionizing irradiation (IR) on induction/activation of Stat1 and other factors involved in IFN signaling and consequences of constitutive activation of IFN/Stat1 pathway. We reporthere that IR led to up-regulation of Stat1 and IRF-7 in SCC-61 and nu61. However, IRF-1 was expressed and up-regulated only in SCC61. 24 hours after irradiation synthesis of IFN alpha and up-regulation of Stat1-dependent ISGs were detected. This demonstratestheability of ionizing radiation to activate anIFN-inducible, Stat1-dependent pathway. Interaction of ionizing radiation and IFN-inducible signaling on the level of Stat1 was confirmed by findings that IR can stabilize Tyr701 phosphorylation of Stat1, increasing combined cytotoxicity. Stat1-dependent cross-talk between IR-and IFN-induced pathways was also confirmed by in vitro selection of SCC-61 against IFN gamma and IFN alpha. Selected IFN resistant clones demonstratedover-expression of Stat1 and were radioresistant compared with parental SCC-61. Using B16 mouse melanoma sub-lines which were passed (B16F10) or not passed (B16F1) through immunocompetent animals we showed that adaptation of tumor clones to the host microenvironment is accompanied by formation of cross-resistance to IR and IFN. Taken together, these data show that Stat1-dependent pathways mediate response of tumors to IR. These data also suggest that host interferons may provide negative selection leading to formation of tumor clones with aggressive properties and cross-resistance to IFNs and genotoxic stress.
A forest loss report card for the world's protected areas.

Protected areas are a key tool in the conservation of global biodiversity and carbon stores. We conducted a global test of the degree to which more than 18,000 terrestrial protected areas (totalling 5,293,217 km2) reduce deforestation in relation to unprotected areas. We also derived indices that quantify how well countries’ forests are protected, both in terms of forested area protected and effectiveness of protected areas at reducing deforestation, in relation to vertebrate species richness, aboveground forest carbon biomass and background deforestation rates. Overall, protected areas did not eliminate deforestation, but reduced deforestation rates by 41%. Protected area deforestation rates were lowest in small reserves with low background deforestation rates. Critically, we found that after adjusting for effectiveness, only 6.5%—rather than 15.7%—of the world’s forests are protected, well below the Aichi Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2020 Target of 17%. We propose that global targets for protected areas should include quantitative goals for effectiveness in addition to spatial extent. A global analysis of deforestation rates in more than 18,000 terrestrial protected areas shows that, once protected area effectiveness is taken into account, only 6.5%—rather than 15.7%—of the world’s forests are protected, well below the Aichi Target of 17%.
Accelerator Real-time Edge AI for Distributed Systems (READS) Proposal

Our objective will be to integrate ML into Fermilab accelerator operations and furthermore provide an accessible framework which can also be used by a broad range of other accelerator systems with dynamic tuning needs. We will develop of real-time accelerator control using embedded ML on-chip hardware and fast communication between distributed systems in this proposal. We will demonstrate this technology for the Mu2e experiment by increasing the overall duty factor and uptime of the experiment through two synergistic projects. First, we will use deep reinforcement learning techniques to improve the performance of the regulation loop through guided optimization to provide stable proton beams extracted from the Delivery Ring to the Mu2e experiment. This requires the development of a digital twin of the system to model the accelerator and develop real-time ML algorithms. Second, we will use de-blending techniques to disentangle and classify overlapping beam losses in the Main Injector and Recycler Ring to reduce overall beam downtime in each machine. This ML model will be deployed within a semi-autonomous operational mode. Both applications require processing at the millisecond scale and will share similar ML-in-hardware techniques and beam instrumentation readout technology. A collaboration between Fermilab and Northwestern University will pull together the talents and resources of accelerator physicists, beam instrumentation engineers, embedded system architects, FPGA board design experts, and ML experts to solve complex real-time accelerator controls challenges which will enhance the physics program. More broadly, the framework developed for Accelerator Real-time Edge AI Distributed Systems (READS) can be applied to future projects as the accelerator complex is upgraded for the PIP-II and DUNE era.
War misguidance: Visualizing quagmire in the US War in Afghanistan:

This article argues that the US War in Afghanistan, given its status as a Long War, must contend with a specific visual form that threatens to disclose that the war is an irreversible failure: the ...
Going by the Book: Valuation Ratios and Stock Returns

We study the use of book-to-market ratios (B/M) in value investing and its implications for comovements in firms' stock returns and trading volumes. We show B/M has increasingly detached from alternative valuation ratios while becoming worse at forecasting returns and growth in an absolute and relative sense. Despite these trends, major U.S. stock indexes and institutional funds continue relying on B/M when identifying value stocks. Consistent with this reliance shaping market outcomes, we find firms' stock returns and trading volumes comove with B/M-peers (i.e., firms with similar B/M) in excess of their fundamentals, particularly among stocks held by value-oriented funds.
Development and optimization of an in vivo electrocardiogram recording method and analysis program for adult zebrafish.

Clinically pertinent electrocardiogram (ECG) data from model systems, such as zebrafish, are crucial for illuminating factors contributing to human cardiac electrophysiology abnormalities and disease. Current zebrafish ECG collection strategies have not adequately addressed the consistent acquisition of high-quality traces or sources of phenotypic variation that could obscure data interpretation. Thus, we developed a novel platform to ensure high-quality recording of in vivo subdermal adult zebrafish ECGs and zERG (Zebrafish ECG Reading GUI), a program to acquire measurements from traces commercial software cannot examine due to erroneous peak calling. We evaluate normal ECG trait variation, revealing the intervals are highly reproducible while wave amplitude variation appears largely driven by recording artifacts, and identify sex and body size as potential confounders to PR, QRS, and QT intervals. With this framework, we characterize the effect of the class I anti-arrhythmic drug flecainide acetate on adults, provide support for the impact of a Long QT syndrome model, and establish power calculations for this and other studies. These results highlight our pipeline as a robust approach to evaluate zebrafish models of human cardiac electrophysiologic phenotypes.
Using Telecare to Treat Opioid Use Disorder: An Ethnographic Study in New York During COVID-19

This paper presents an in-person and digital ethnography of people in New York State who use drugs and seek treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) using phone or video connection to receive health...
SetB: an integral membrane protein that affects chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli

Summary setB was identified as a high-copy suppressor of the partition defect of a mutation in parC, encoding one of the subunits of topoisomerase IV. Deletion of this integral inner membrane protein causes a delay in chromosome segregation, whereas its overproduction causes nucleoid disintegration and stretching, leading to a cell division defect. setB deletion mutants also exhibit a synthetic phenotype when combined with mutations that delete the C-terminal motor domain of the septal ring protein FtsK. SetB localizes in the cell as a helix and interacts with MreB, the bacterial actin homologue, which also forms a helix. These observations suggest that there may be a link between chromosome segregation and cellular infrastructure.
A hermeneutic interpretation of a controlled laboratory experiment: a case study of decision-making with a group support system

We conduct a case study of a laboratory experiment involving a group support system and explain how it went awry. We take the perspectives of the experiment's human subjects and the researchers themselves as the basis on which to interpret what happened in the experiment. We interpret the researchers as imputing, to the human subjects, the ‘conduit model’ of communication and the ‘calculator model’ of human information processing, which together constitute an instance of Ricoeur's hermeneutic ‘world behind the text’. We interpret the human subjects as importing, into the laboratory, their socially constructed world of personal friends, their histories and even their popular culture – a world that is an instance of Ricoeur's hermeneutic ‘world in front of the text’. We explain the experiment's going awry as following from the researchers' not accounting for, much less being aware of, the disparity between the two worlds. In taking the human subjects and the researchers seriously as human beings, we make recommendations about how such experiments might be better conducted, particularly in information systems research.
Numerical simulations of active microstructured fibers

In order to examine the modal properties of microstructure fibers (MFs), a mixed edge-node full vectorial finite element method (VFEM) is used. Geometrical properties such as the size of the air holes need to be properly adjusted in order to have an active MF that operates as a single mode fiber laser. The VFEM is well suited to deal with complex geometries as well as active and dispersive materials. High order VFEM with quartic/cubic elements improves the overall efficiency and mode resolution by several orders of magnitude in comparison to the standard quadratic/linear VFEM.
Closed subspaces which are attractors for representations of the Cuntz algebras

We analyze the structure of co-invariant subspaces for representations of the Cuntz algebras \({\mathcal{O}_N} \) for N = 2,3 ... , N < ∞ with special attention to the representations which are associated to orthonormal and tight-frame wavelets in L2 (ℝ) corresponding to scale number N..
The Effects of Cuing in Time-Shared Tasks

The results of two divided-attention experiments involving the editing of route-way-point displays on an avionics computer unit are reported. Two side tasks were required of the subjects, and either no cue, verbal cues appearing on the CRT, or symbolic cues (lights on the keyboard adjacent to keys to be used) were given to facilitate the primary editing task. Forty female and 30 male undergraduates were trained in the separate and combined tasks and divided randomly into groups of 25 for the cuing tests. A second test with three 10-subject groups was conducted at least one month later to investigate the efficacy of cuing for infrequently used procedures. It is found that only symbolic cuing significantly improved primary-task performance, increasing editing accuracy in the repetitive tests and reducing editing time in the delayed tests. Verbal cuing, probably because it requires additional cognitive effort, has no significant beneficial effect. These results are considered important for designing instruments for work environments requiring the performance of concurrent tasks, and as aircraft cockpits.
Yolk sac-derived murine macrophage cell line has a counterpart during ES cell differentiation

Macrophages are phagocytic hematopoietic cells involved in several immune processes, but they are also present early in mammalian development and may participate in embryonic tissue remodeling. We have isolated and characterized a cell line, Py-YSA, from the mouse yolk sac. Py-YSA cells have several functional properties of macrophages, including uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein and phagocytic capability. They express the murine macrophage markers F4/80 and Mac-1, and they express RNA for the c-fms receptor. Their expansion in culture requires fibroblast conditioned medium or exogenous monocyte-colony stimulating factor. Murine ES (embryonic stem) cell cultures that undergo in vitro differentiation recapitulate yolk sac development, and during this process cells arise that express both Mac-1 and F4/80 and morphologically resemble the Py-YSA cells. The kinetics and distribution pattern of the Mac-1+ cells during a time course of ES cell differentiation suggest that they originate in the blood islands, and that they subsequently leave the blood islands and disperse to tissue sites. Both F4/80 and Mac-1 are first expressed in primary cultures from day 9.5 yolk sacs. The Py-YSA cultured cells thus resemble embryonic tissue macrophages by several criteria, and they share a marker profile with a cell type found in yolk sacs and differentiating ES cells. Py-YSA cells will be a useful reagent for further understanding the role of embryonic tissue macrophages in development.
hMG increases the yield of mature oocytes and excellent-quality embryos in patients with a previous cycle having a high incidence of oocyte immaturity

In a selected group of patients with >20% oocyte immaturity during an IVF cycle with FSH alone, the addition of hMG to the stimulation protocol results in a higher yield of mature oocytes and excellent-quality embryos.
Prediction of Cavitation in Journal Bearings Using a Boundary Element Method

In this paper, a boundary element cavitation algorithm is utilized to predict cavitation in journal bearings with axially variable clearance. Film rupture and reformation boundary conditions, obtained from the JFO theory, are directly combined with the generalized boundary integral equation which is derived from Elrod's universal differential equation. The two boundaries are simulated by two confluent interpolation polynomials. The governing equation is transformed into an undetermined boundary problem. The procedure effectively eliminates the phenomenom of solution oscillation experienced by finite difference cavitation algorithms and caused by unadaptable grid shape and density. It also eliminates the discontinuous derivative of the fractional film content. The results for aligned and misaligned journal bearings are compared with those obtained using the finite difference method. Tapered, barrel, and hourglass journal bearings are also analyzed. The computational results demonstrate the effects of the journal geometric parameters on journal bearing performance
Neural Recruitment for the Production of Native and Novel Speech Sounds

Two primary areas of damage have been implicated in apraxia of speech (AOS) based on the time post-stroke: (1) the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in acute patients, and (2) the left anterior insula (aIns) in chronic patients. While AOS is widely characterized as a disorder in motor speech planning, little is known about the specific contributions of each of these regions in speech. The purpose of this study was to investigate cortical activation during speech production with a specific focus on the aIns and the IFG in normal adults. While undergoing sparse fMRI, 30 normal adults completed a 30-minute speech-repetition task consisting of three-syllable nonwords that contained either (a) English (native) syllables or (b) non-English (novel) syllables. When the novel syllable productions were compared to the native syllable productions, greater neural activation was observed in the aIns and IFG, particularly during the first 10 min of the task when novelty was the greatest. Although activation in the aIns remained high throughout the task for novel productions, greater activation was clearly demonstrated when the initial 10 min was compared to the final 10 min of the task. These results suggest increased activity within an extensive neural network, including the aIns and IFG, when the motor speech system is taxed, such as during the production of novel speech. We speculate that the amount of left aIns recruitment during speech production may be related to the internal construction of the motor speech unit such that the degree of novelty/automaticity would result in more or less demands respectively. The role of the IFG as a storehouse and integrative processor for previously acquired routines is also discussed.
Interference in Exclusive Vector Meson Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Photons emitted from the electromagnetic elds of relativistic heavy ions can fluctuate into quark anti-quark pairs and scatter from a target nucleus, emerging as vector mesons. These coherent interactions are identiable by nal states consisting of the two nuclei and av ector meson with as mall transverse momentum. The emitters and targets can switch roles, and the two possibilities are indistinguishable, so interference may occur. Vector mesons are negative parity so the amplitudes have opposite signs. When the meson transverse wavelength is larger than the impact parameter, the interference is large and destructive. The short-lived vector mesons decay before amplitudes from the two sources can overlap, and so cannot interfere directly. However, the decay products are emitted in an entangled state, and the interference depends on observing the complete nal state. The non-local wave function is an example of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.
Normal strobovideolaryngoscopy: variability in healthy singers.

Summary Strobovideolaryngoscopy has proven essential to accurate diagnosis of voice disorders. Clinical interpretation of stroboscopic images usually follows a standard assessment protocol. Features analyzed typically include symmetry of amplitude, symmetry of phase, regularity of periodicity, amplitudes and wave forms of individual vocal folds, presence or absence of a dynamic segments, and other features. Speed and smoothness of abduction and adduction are also assessed. In order for stroboscopic data to be used meaningfully in a clinical setting, it is essential for the laryngologist to recognize the range of normal variability of these parameters. This may be particularly important when trying to establish diagnoses for subtle voice disorders in professional voice users. This study investigates strobovideolaryngoscopic findings in a population of normal professional singers without voice complaints. “Abnormal” strobovideolaryngoscopic findings occur in this asymptomatic population of “volunteers”. These abnormalities might have been misinterpreted as causing voice complaints if seen for the first time when the singer sought medical care for a voice problem. Physicians must be aware of the range of laryngeal behavior that may be found among normal subjects and must be cautious when interpreting strobovideolaryngoscopic findings. This study also highlights the importance of obtaining “normal” baseline strobovideolaryngoscopic evaluations on professional voice users. The review of strobovideolaryngoscopy performed upon 65 healthy, asymptomatic professional singers revealed an incidence of 58% “abnormal” findings as six clinical entities.
Evaluation of wet-prep motility test for presumptive identification of bacillus species.

During the month of October 2001, several cases of anthrax were discovered in the eastern part of the United States. In view of the heightened concern about bioterrorism events, our laboratory initiated procedures for the identification of suspect organisms, including Bacillus anthracis . We used a
The ice layer in Uranus and Neptune-diamonds in the sky?

Many of the current models of Uranus and Neptune postulate a three-layer structure, consisting of an inner rocky core, a middle ‘ice’ layer of fluid, H2O, CH4, NH3 and an outer hydrogen–helium layer of solar composition1. The estimated pressures and temperatures of the ice layer ranges from about 6Mbar and 7,000 K at the inner core-ice boundary, to ∼0.2 Mbar and 2,200 K at the outer ice/hydrogen–helium boundary. I point out here that shockwave experiments on these liquids2–5, as well as theoretical studies5–7, imply that the H2O and NH3 in the ice layer are almost totally ionized and the CH4 has been pyrolysed to carbon, possibly in the metallic or diamond form8,9.