cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical classification of post anoxic myoclonic status.

Abstract Introduction Despite decades of research into the prognostic significance of post anoxic myoclonic status (MS), no consistent definition has been used to describe its clinical appearance. We set out to characterize the clinical features of MS and hypothesized that there are distinct clinical subtypes that may have prognostic implications. Methods Video EEG reports from 2008 to 2016 were searched to identify adult patients with post anoxic MS defined as persistent myoclonus for >30 min beginning within 3 days of cardiac arrest in a comatose patient. Forty-three patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. To generate definitions of the clinical features of MS, we reviewed videos of 23 cases and characterized 3 distinct clinical semiologies. An additional 20 cases were independently reviewed and categorized by 3 raters to evaluate inter-rater agreement (IRA). All 43 patients were assigned to a group based on consensus review for the first 23 patients and majority agreement for IRA patients. We also examined the relationship between semiology and outcome. Results Three distinct clinical semiologies of MS were identified: Type 1: distal, asynchronous, variable; type 2: axial or axial and distal, asynchronous, variable; and type 3: axial, synchronous, stereotyped. For IRA, Gwet’s kappa was 0.64 indicating substantial agreement. Two of 3 type 1 patients (66.6%) and 7.4% of type 2 followed commands whereas none of type 3 followed commands (p = 0.03). Conclusion We defined and validated a classification system of post anoxic MS based on clinical semiology. This classification may be a useful bedside prognostication tool.
Hyperon form factors and diquark correlations

Using ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation data taken at the CESR collider with the CLEO-c detector, measurements of hyperon pair production cross sections and elastic and transition electromagnetic form factors have been made at the charmonium resonances: $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$, $\sqrt{s}=3.69\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, $|{Q}^{2}|=13.6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, $\mathcal{L}=48\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$, $\sqrt{s}=3.77\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, $|{Q}^{2}|=14.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, $\mathcal{L}=805\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; and $\ensuremath{\psi}(4170)$, $\sqrt{s}=4.17\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, $|{Q}^{2}|=17.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, $\mathcal{L}=586\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Results with good statistical precision are obtained with high efficiency particle identification. Systematics of pair production cross sections, and form factors with respect to the number of strange quarks in the hyperons are studied, and evidence is presented for the effects of diquark correlations in comparative results for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}^{0}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}$, both of which have the same $uds$ quark content but different isospin.
Robotic-Guided Bihippocampal and Biparahippocampal Depth Placement for Responsive Neurostimulation in Bitemporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background Patients with bitemporal lobe epilepsy are generally not considered for surgical resection. Fortunately, responsive neurostimulation provides another avenue for the management of this challenging disease process. In conjunction with our epileptologist, we consider responsive neurostimulation for patients who have clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy without clear localization on imaging and stereoelectroencephalography. Methods Here we describe our technique for implanting a responsive neurostimulator (NeuroPace, NeuroPace Inc., Mountain View, California) with depth electrodes monitoring the hippocampus and parahippocampus using stereotactic robotic guidance (ROSA, Medtech SA, Montpeillier, France). Results We have used this technique with 5 patients without morbidity. Four of 5 patients have received clinical benefit (Engel classification I–III). Promisingly, long-term seizure monitoring with use of the NeuroPace system has suggested lateralizing information on 3 of these patients that was not apparent on previous invasive monitoring. Conclusions Robotically implanted responsive neurostimulation is a safe and effective treatment for bitemporal epilepsy and can possibly lead to valuable diagnostic information to guide future surgical management in patients who previously were not considered candidates for resective or ablative surgery.
Engendering Algebraic Readiness through Pictorial Representations.

Prior to leaving middle school, students are expected to be able to solve linear equations with one unknown using multiple modes of representation, including pictorial models. Although solving thes...
Surgery for pheochromocytoma

Adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma may be performed via an open incision or via a minimally invasive approach and may involve removing the entire adrenal gland or partially resecting the adrenal gland. In the current era, minimally invasive adrenalectomy is most commonly performed and may be performed via the laparoscopic transperitoneal or retroperitoneoscopic approaches. Open adrenalectomy is reserved for large tumors or those with invasion into surrounding structures requiring en bloc resection. Open surgery may also be necessary for resection of a recurrent pheochromocytoma in a previously dissected area.
Nondecussating retinal-fugal fiber syndrome (achiasmatic syndrome).

A 9-week-old girl presented with poor visual responsiveness and congenital seesaw nystagmus. Congenital seesaw nystagmus usually implies a structural anomaly, such as achiasma, and warrants evaluation with MRI (figure).1 Isolated absence of optic chiasm is extremely uncommon.2 In nondecussating retinal-fugal fiber syndrome (achiasmatic syndrome), there is failure of decussation of nasal retinal fibers, with the misrouted nasal fibers projecting and misaligning with projections from the temporal retina of the same eye, leading to reversal of the left and right half of visual field coordinates (“mirror reversal”).1 Mutation in a homeobox gene may underlie this aberration in pathfinding of retinal axons seen in achiasma.2
Excitation–Contraction Coupling in the Heart

EC coupling constitutes a series of signaling transduction steps within the cardiomyocyte that are critical for regulating cardiac contraction. An essential event in this process is RyR2-mediated release of Ca 2+ from the SR into the cytoplasm. This process involves multiple regulatory proteins that allow for modulation of cardiac contraction in response to changes in physiological demands, for example, following acute stress signaling. However, some of these modulatory proteins provide a substrate for maladaptive changes leading to heart disease.
Synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of carbon dots combined with dye photosensitizers.

Background Carbon quantum dots (CDots) have recently been reported as a new class of visible light activated antimicrobial nanomaterials. This study reports the synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial interactions of CDots with photosensitizers on bacterial cells. Methods The antimicrobial effects of the CDots with surface passivation molecules 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) in combination with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) or toluidine blue (TB) at various concentrations were evaluated against Escherichia coli cells with and without 1-hour visible light illumination. The broth microdilution checkerboard method and isobologram analysis were used for determining if synergistic effect existed between CDots and MB or TB. Results The results showed that CDots alone at a concentration of 5 μg/mL did not display antimicrobial effects, 1 μg/mL MB alone only decreased 1.86 log of viable cell numbers, but the combination treatment with 5 μg/mL CDots combined with 1 μg/mL MB completely inhibited bacteria growth, resulted in 6.2 log viable cell number reduction, suggesting synergistic interaction between the two. The antimicrobial effects of CDots/TB combination exhibited similarly synergistic effects on E. coli cells. These synergistic effects between CDots and MB or TB were further confirmed using the checkerboard microdilution methods, where the fractional inhibitory concentration index value (0.5) and the isobologram analyses. The synergistic interactions were also correlated to the increased generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in E. coli cells upon the combination treatments of CDots/MB or CDots/TB. Conclusion The study demonstrated the synergistic photoactivated antimicrobial effects of CDots in combination with other photosensitizers. Such synergistic effect may open new strategies for developing highly effective antimicrobial methods.
Conventions, Courts, and Communities: Gender Equity, CEDAW and Religious Personal Law in India:

The Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women is central in outlining the gendered dimensions of human rights. India ratified this treaty with the reservation that...
Use of an EHR-Integrated Point-of-Care Mobile Medical Photography Application in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Background Mobile applications allow health care providers to capture point-of-care medical photographs and transfer them to the electronic health record (EHR). It is unclear how providers use these photographs or how they affect clinical care. Objectives We aimed to understand the content, purpose, and outcomes of point-of-care medical photography performed in the pediatric emergency department (ED) at large academic medical center. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients Results We identified 619 clinical encounters involving photographs of 605 patients who were eligible for inclusion. Skin was photographed in 499 (81%). The most common finding was rash (N = 177; 29%). Photos were of acceptable quality, with 569 (94%) achieving a score between 4 and 5 out of 5. The primary use of photography was documentation (N = 334; 54%), though teleconsultation was noted in 38 (6%). Nearly one-third (N = 187; 30%) of patients were seen in the ED or outpatient clinic for any reason within 2 weeks, and in 25 (13%), clinical notes explicitly referenced the initial photograph(s). In 53 (9%) cases, patients were photographed at a clinical visit in the subsequent 2 weeks, suggesting that photography was used to track changes over time. Conclusion Documentation of findings using mobile point-of-care photography allows for high-fidelity documentation and facilitates continuity of care.
History, theory, and war writing

In Soldiers of Empire Tarak Barkawi joins history and theory in an exemplary fashion. Barkawi does not simply apply theory to history but rather offers a narrative that theorizes the conditions of ...
Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated With 2-Stage Reimplantation Requiring an Interim Spacer Exchange for Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing a 2-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) often require a repeat spacer in the interim due to persistent infection. This study aims to report outcomes for patients with repeat spacer exchange and to identify risk factors associated with interim spacer exchange in 2-stage revision arthroplasty. METHODS A total of 256 consecutive 2-stage revisions for chronic infection of total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty with reimplantation and minimum 2-year follow-up were investigated. An interim spacer exchange was performed in 49 patients (exchange cohort), and these patients were propensity score matched to 196 patients (nonexchange cohort). Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze risk factors for failure of interim spacer exchange. RESULTS Patients in the propensity score-matched exchange cohort demonstrated a significantly increased reinfection risk compared to patients without interim spacer exchange (24% vs 15%, P = .03). Patients in the propensity score-matched exchange cohort showed significantly lower postoperative scores for 3 patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (46.0 vs 54.9, P = .01); knee disability and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (43.1 vs 51.7, P < .01); and patient-reported outcomes measurement information system physical function short form (41.6 vs 47.0, P = .03). Multivariate analysis demonstrated Charles Comorbidity Index (odds ratio, 1.56; P = .01) and the presence of Enterococcus species (odds ratio, 1.43; P = .03) as independent risk factors associated with 2-stage reimplantation requiring an interim spacer exchange for periprosthetic joint infection. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that patients with spacer exchange had a significantly higher risk of reinfection at 2 years of follow-up. Additionally, patients with spacer exchange demonstrated lower postoperative PROM scores and diminished improvement in multiple PROM scores after reimplantation, indicating that an interim spacer exchange in 2-stage revision is associated with worse patient outcomes.
Determinant of $\mathbb F_p$-hypergeometric solutions under ample reduction

We consider the KZ differential equations over $\mathbb C$ in the case, when the hypergeometric solutions are one-dimensional integrals. We also consider the same differential equations over a finite field $\mathbb F_p$. We study the polynomial solutions of these differential equations over $\mathbb F_p$, constructed in a previous work joint with V.\,Schechtman and called the $\mathbb F_p$-hypergeometric solutions. The dimension of the space of $\mathbb F_p$-hypergeometric solutions depends on the prime number $p$. We say that the KZ equations have ample reduction for a prime $p$, if the dimension of the space of $\mathbb F_p$-hypergeometric solutions is maximal possible, that is, equal to the dimension of the space of solutions of the corresponding KZ equations over $\mathbb C$. Under the assumption of ample reduction, we prove a determinant formula for the matrix of coordinates of basis $\mathbb F_p$-hypergeometric solutions. The formula is analogous to the corresponding formula for the determinant of the matrix of coordinates of basis complex hypergeometric solutions, in which binomials $(z_i-z_j)^{M_i+M_j}$ are replaced with $(z_i-z_j)^{M_i+M_j-p}$ and the Euler gamma function $\Gamma(x)$ is replaced with a suitable $\mathbb F_p$-analog $\Gamma_{\mathbb F_p}(x)$ defined on $\mathbb F_p$.
Interactions among intrinsic water-use efficiency and climate influence growth and flowering in a common desert shrub.

Plants make leaf-level trade-offs between photosynthetic carbon assimilation and water loss, and the optimal balance between the two is dependent, in part, on water availability. “Conservative” water-use strategies, in which minimizing water loss is prioritized over assimilating carbon, tend to be favored in arid environments, while “aggressive” water-use strategies, in which carbon assimilation is prioritized over water conservation, are often favored in mesic environments. When derived from foliar carbon isotope ratios, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) serves as a seasonally integrated indicator of the balance of carbon assimilation to water loss at the leaf level. Here, we used a multi-decadal record of annual iWUE, growth, and flowering from a single population of Encelia farinosa in the Mojave Desert to evaluate the effect of iWUE on plant performance across interannual fluctuations in water availability. We identified substantial variability in iWUE among individuals and found that iWUE interacted with water availability to significantly influence growth and flowering. However, the relationships between iWUE, water availability, and plant performance did not universally suggest that “conservative” water-use strategies were advantageous in dry years or that “aggressive” strategies were advantageous in wet years. iWUE was positively related to the odds of growth regardless of water availability and to the odds of flowering in dry years, but negatively related to growth rates in dry years. In addition, we found that leaf nitrogen content affected interannual plant performance and that an individual’s iWUE plasticity in response to fluctuations in aridity was negatively related to early life drought survival and growth.
Shared emotions in shared lives: Moments of co-experienced affect, more than individually experienced affect, linked to relationship quality.

Motivated by collective emotions theories that propose emotions shared between individuals predict group-level qualities, we hypothesized that co-experienced affect during interactions is associated with relationship quality, above and beyond the effects of individually experienced affect. Consistent with positivity resonance theory, we also hypothesized that co-experienced positive affect would have a stronger association with relationship quality than would co-experienced negative affect. We tested these hypotheses in 150 married couples across 3 conversational interactions: a conflict, a neutral topic, and a pleasant topic. Spouses continuously rated their individual affective experience during each conversation while watching video-recordings of their interactions. These individual affect ratings were used to determine, for positive and negative affect separately, the number of seconds of co-experienced affect and individually experienced affect during each conversation. In line with hypotheses, results from all 3 conversational topics suggest that more co-experienced positive affect is associated with greater marital quality, whereas more co-experienced negative affect is associated with worse marital quality. Individual level affect factors added little explanatory value beyond co-experienced affect. Comparing co-experienced positive affect and co-experienced negative affect, we found that co-experienced positive affect generally outperformed co-experienced negative affect, although co-experienced negative affect was especially diagnostic during the pleasant conversational topic. Findings suggest that co-experienced positive affect may be an integral component of high-quality relationships and highlight the power of co-experienced affect for individual perceptions of relationship quality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Comparison of test methods to assess the implanted ear alone for pediatric cochlear implant recipients with single-sided deafness

The purpose of this investigation was to compare three test methods for isolating the test ear for children with single-sided deafness (SSD) who use a cochlear implant (CI).Word recognition was ass...
Feet first: Adaptive growth in magellanic penguin chicks.

Growing animals should allocate their limited resources in ways that maximize survival. Seabird chicks must balance the growth of features and fat reserves needed to survive on land with those needed to successfully fledge and survive at sea. We used a large, 34-year dataset to examine energy allocation in Magellanic penguin chicks. Based on the temporal trends in the selective pressures that chicks faced, we developed predictions relating to the timing of skeletal feature growth (Prediction 1), variation in skeletal feature size and shape (Prediction 2), and responses to periods of high energetic constraint (Prediction 3). We tested our predictions using descriptive statistics, generalized additive models, and principal component analysis. Nearly all of our predictions were supported. Chicks grew their feet first, then their flippers. They continued to grow their bill after fledging (Prediction 1). Variance in feature size increased in young chicks but declined before fledging; this variance was largely driven by overall size rather than by shape (Prediction 2). Chicks that died grew slower and varied more in feature size than those that fledged (Prediction 2). Skeletal features grew rapidly prior to thermoregulation and feet and flippers were 90% grown prior to juvenile feather growth; both thermoregulation and feather growth are energetically expensive (Prediction 3). To avoid starvation, chicks prioritized storing mass during the first 10 days after hatching; then, the body condition of chicks began to decline (Prediction 3). In contrast to our prediction of mass prioritization in young chicks, chicks that were relatively light for their age had high skeletal size to mass ratios. Chicks did not show evidence of reaching physiological growth limits (Prediction 3). By examining energy allocation patterns at fine temporal scales and in the context of detailed natural history data, we provide insight into the trade-offs faced by growing animals.
Quantifying the role of moss in terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in northern high-latitudes

Abstract. In addition to woody and herbaceous plants, mosses are ubiquitous in northern terrestrial ecosystems, which play an important role in regional carbon, water and energy cycling. Current global land surface models without considering moss may bias the quantification of the regional carbon dynamics. Here we incorporate moss into a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM 5.0), as a new plant functional type to develop a new model (TEM_Moss). The new model explicitly quantifies the interactions between higher plants and mosses and their competition for energy, water, and nutrient. Compared to the estimates using TEM 5.0, the new model estimates that the regional terrestrial soils store 132.7 Pg more C at present day, and will store 157.5 Pg and 179.1 Pg more C under the RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 scenarios, respectively, by the end of the 21st century. Ensemble regional simulations forced with different parameters for the 21st century with TEM_Moss predict that the region will accumulate 161.1 ± 142.1 Pg C under the RCP 2.6 scenario, and 186.7 ± 166.1 Pg C under the RCP 8.5 scenario over the century. Our study highlights the necessity of coupling moss into Earth System Models to adequately quantify terrestrial carbon-climate feedbacks in the Arctic.
Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 68

Sabeeha S. Merchant, Wilhelm Gruissem, & Donald Ort, eds. 2017. Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 68. (ISSN: 1543-5008; ISBN: 978-0-8243-0668-7, hbk). Annual Reviews, Inc., 4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, California 94303, U.S.A. (Orders: www.AnnualReviews.org, science@annualreviews.org, 1-800-523-8635, 1-650-493-4400). $114.00 US, 586 pp., 7.5" × 9.25".
Freedom of Association in a Time of Mobile Capital and Labor.

Numero 95 Mayo - Agosto 1999 Nueva Serie Ano XXXII ISSN 0041 8633 FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION IN A TIME OF MOBILE CAPITAL AND LABOR Marley S. WEISS This approach to Law and union freedom of workers, referred to ACLAN and through NAFTA to insure labor disposition in each country, foresees the improvement of working conditions through government actions and procedures to punish the infringe-ment in laboral matter. We include the right of free association and organiza-tion. The present analysis ends with NAFTA"s futuristic perspective in re-gard to the problems arisen due to the mobility of capital through their res-pective frontiers. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.
Pyruvate kinase isozymes in adult tissues and eggs of Rana pipiens. Comparative studies on the properties of the different isozymes.

Abstract The properties of the isozymes of pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) found in unfertilized frog egg have been compared to those found in adult tissues of Rana pipiens. Chromatographic, kinetic, and electrophoretic data indicate that, of the five electrophoretic forms found in egg, the isozyme with the least anodic mobility (isozyme I) is the same molecular species as the only isozyme found in heart, and the egg isozyme with the greatest anodic mobility (isozyme V) is identical to the major isozyme found in liver. The activity of egg isozyme I was markedly inhibited by the antibody to the skeletal muscle enzyme, which has been shown previously to cross-react with the cardiac enzyme, but was unaffected by the antibody to liver isozyme V; the opposite effects were observed with egg isozyme V. The antibody to the skeletal muscle enzyme inhibited egg isozymes II > III > IV whereas the antibody to the liver enzyme gave the reverse inhibitory pattern, e.g., isozyme IV > III > II. In vitro dissociation-reassociation of mixtures of isozyme I and V led to the formation of the other three isozymes. Similar experiments performed individually with either egg isozyme III or IV resulted in the production of predominantly isozymes III, II, and I due to the instability of isozyme V during the hybridization procedure. The above results indicate that isozymes I and V are tetramers of the respective parental subunits and that isozymes II, III, and IV are hybrid molecules with subunit assignments of (I3V1), I2V2), and (I1V3), respectively.
Is Biomedical Research Too Dangerous to Pursue

Biomedical research has come under sustained ethical attack in recent years. Critics argue that the continued advance of biomedicine will inevitably change human nature, lead to the commodification and objectification of human beings, and rob us of meaningful lives. Although presented with great verve, these worries are not persuasive to the [author][1] of this Policy Forum. Given the stakes involved (i.e., the lost opportunities for development of cures, palliation, and the prevention of disability) better arguments must be forthcoming in order to justify slowing or stopping biomedical research. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5661/1142
Demonstration of a novel 2.0 mm /spl times/ 1.6 mm /spl times/ 0.9 mm PCS Tx filter with steep pass band rolloffs and high rejection

Improved process control of a thin film bulk acoustic (FBAR) resonator process has enabled the development of a low cost, high performance transmit filter capable of replacing the existing dual-filter "split-band" solution used in many PCS communication systems today. This transmit filter, centered at 1880 MHz, meets seven stringent specification requirements over a temperature range from -30C to +85C: (1) insertion loss 35 dB over the 60 MHz (3%) Rx band; (3) below band rejection > 25 dB over the 60 MHz (3%) image band; (4) low-frequency rolloff 30 dB and 2/sup nd/ harmonic rejection (at 3.8 GHz) > 20 dB; and (7) an in-band return loss better than 10 dB. We present a novel filter design packaged in a 2.0 mm /spl times/ 1.6 mm /spl times/ 0.9 mm chip-on-board package, which meets these constraints. We discuss the process control requirements needed to produce this filter with high yields.
GLRT detection with unknown noise power in passive multistatic radar

This paper considers the problem of passive detection with a multistatic radar system involving a non-cooperative illuminator of opportunity (IO) and multiple receive platforms. An unknown source signal is transmitted by the IO, which illuminates a target of interest. These receive platforms are geographically dispersed, and collect independent target echoes due to the illumination by the same IO. We propose a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector to deal with the passive detection problem in the case of unknown noise power. Moreover, a closed-form expression for the probability of false alarm of this GLRT detector is given. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed GLRT detector generally outperforms its natural counterparts.
Correlating Physical and Chemical Degradation in the Performance of Aluminum tris(8‐Hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3)‐Based OLEDs

Abstract Aluminum tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3), which is utilized as an electron transport layer (ETL) in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is known to form crystalline domains over time. This morphological instability plays an important role in OLED degradation. In this study, crystallization was suppressed via entropic stabilization by blending Alq3 with a close adduct of the same i.e., aluminum tris(4 methyl, 8‐hydroxyquinoline) (4m‐Alq3). X‐ray diffraction studies at elevated temperatures indicate that the blend remains amorphous even after 96 hr of annealing at 160°C. OLED devices were fabricated and investigated for Alq3, 4m‐Alq3, and a co‐evaporated 50/50% mixture (blend) of Alq3 and 4m‐Alq3. As expected, the blend device possessed both the highest resistance and quantum efficiency over the entire current density range. Devices made with 4m‐Alq3 showed the highest current density, yet their quantum efficiency and lifetime were significantly lower than that of Alq3. In spite of the morphologi...
N-acetoxy-N-acetylaminoarenes and nitrosoarenes. One-electron non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidation products of various carcinogenic aromatic acethydroxamic acids.

Abstract A number of carcinogenic aromatic acethydroxamic acids ( e.g. N -hydroxy- N -acetyl derivatives of 2-aminofluorene, 3-aminofluorene, 4-aminostilbene, 1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminophenanthrene, and 4-aminobiphenyl) are readily oxidized by alkaline Fe(CN) 6 3− or Ag 2 O. The free nitroxide radicals thus formed dismutate in organic solution according to second order kinetics to yield the corresponding N -acetoxy- N -acetylaminoarenes and nitrosoarenes. The structures of the latter products were established by mass and infrared spectrum analyses. Evicence was obtained for a similar one-electron oxidation of these acethydroxamic acids with horseradish peroxidase and H 2 O 2 at pH 7. One-electron oxidation of N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was also demonstrated with lactoperoxidase and human myeloperoxidase. The possible relevance of a similar peroxidative attack in vivo to the carcinogenic activities of some aromatic amines and amides is discussed.
Comparative mass spectrometric studies on the isoprenoids and other isomeric alkanes in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples

Abstract The extractable aliphatic hydrocarbons of several meteorite specimens (carbonaceous chondrites and graphite-troilite nodules of iron meteorites) as well as several terrestrial graphites were separated and identified by the combination of gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Due to the extreme complexity of the hydrocarbons in these samples and the very low levels of concentration in which the individual components are present, unequivocal structural assignments can only be obtained by means of their respective mass spectral features. From the mass spectrometric patterns eleven homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons have been identified. These include the n-alkane series, two isoprenoid series of 2,6,10-trimethyl- and 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-alkanes, five series of monomethyl substituted alkanes (2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-methylalkanes), one of 4,8-dimethylalkanes, and two of monocycloalkanes (cyclohexyl and cyclopentyl). From the data obtained we can establish interesting correlations between the two types of samples, terrestrial and extraterrestrial, and also determine whether these compounds were derived from biological or abiological sources. The evidence points to possible terrestrial contamination of the meteoritic materials by contact with dust, air or petroleum fumes.
ADDITIONAL DATA IN THE REACTION $pi$$sup +$ p $Yields$ $Sigma$$sup +$ K$sup +$ AT 1.28 AND 1.41 GeV/c AND A TEST OF CHARGE INDEPENDENCE IN THE c.m. ENERGY RANGE 1.820 TO 2.090 GeV.

Data at two additional ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ momenta (1.28 and $1.41 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$) in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}{K}^{+}$ are presented. Charge independence is tested over the c.m. energy range 1.820 to 2.090 GeV; we used our data for the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}{K}^{+}$ channel and published data for the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}{K}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ channels.
Effect of the antiglucocorticoid RU38486 on protein metabolism in unweighted soleus muscle.

Abstract Unweighting the hindlimbs by tail suspension of juvenile rats leads to atrophy of the soleus muscle, especially during the third day of unweighting. Although a previous study using adrenalectomized animals suggested a minimal role of glucocorticoids in this atrophy, the inability of adrenalectomized animals to release other adrenal hormones could have been important. Therefore, the influence of oral administration of RU38486 [11-β-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) 17-β-hydroxy 17-α(prop-1-ynyl) estra 4,9-dien 3-one], a selective glucocorticoid antagonist, on protein metabolism in the unweighted soleus was studied. The effectiveness of RU38486 treatment was demonstrated in hindlimb-suspended rats as the drug abolished the increase in soleus glutamine synthetase activity shown previously to be caused by elevated circulating glucocorticoids. The slower weight gain of suspended rats was unaffected by the drug. After 3 days of unweighting, the difference in protein content from weighted soleus muscle was not diminished significantly by RU38486 (−25%, vehicle only; −18%, RU38486-treated). However, in both weight-bearing and suspended animals, RU38486 seemed to promote protein accretion between days 2 and 3 of the experiment; ie, unweighted muscle seemed to lose less protein. All suspended animals showed slower (−58% to −64%) fractional in vivo rates of synthesis. RU38486 did not affect these percent differences in fractional protein synthesis after either 2 or 3 days of unweighting. The apparent improvement in protein balance likely resulted from a decline in protein degradation in both the weight-bearing (−26%) and unweighted (−35%) soleus. Since this glucocorticoid antagonist had similar effects in soleus muscle of both weight-bearing and suspended rats, it is unlikely that unweighting atrophy is a consequence of elevated circulating glucocorticoids or increased muscle binding capacity for these hormones.
Evolution of Pangea: paleomagnetic constraints from the Southern Alps, Italy

Abstract A new early Late Triassic paleopole for Adria has been obtained from the Val Sabbia Sandstone in the Southern Alps. As Early Permian and Jurassic-Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from para-autochthonous regions of Adria such as the Southern Alps are consistent with ‘African’ APWPs[1–2], paleomagnetic data from this region can be used to bolster the West Gondwana APWP in the poorly known Late Permian-Triassic time interval. The Southern Alpine paleopoles are integrated with the West Gondwana and Laurussia APWPs of Van der Voo [1] and used to generate a tectonic model for the evolution of Pangea. The Early Permian overall mean paleopole for West Gondwana and Adria, in conjunction with the coeval Laurussia paleopole, support Pangea B of Morel and Irving [3]. The Late Permian/Early Triassic and the Middle/Late Triassic paleopoles from Adria and Laurussia support Pangea A-2 of Van der Voo and French [4]. The phase of transcurrent motion between Laurasia and Gondwana[5] that caused the Pangea B to A-2 transition occurred essentially in the Permian (at the end of Variscan orogeny) with an average relative velocity of approximately 10 cm/yr. Finally, the Late Triassic/Early Jurassic paleopoles from West Gondwana and Laurussia agree with Pangea A-1 of Bullard et al. [6], the widely accepted Pangea configuration at the time of the Jurassic breakup.
(p, Vm, T, x) and virial coefficients of {xCO2 + (1 − x)CO}

Abstract ( p , V m , T ) of CO and two mixtures of { x CO 2 + (1 − x )CO} were measured using a Burnett isochoric-isothermal apparatus. Measurements were made in the temperature range 323 to 423 K and at pressures up to 6.5 MPa. Experimental results were appropriately treated to extract compression factors and virial coefficients.
PREDICTORS OF FAILURE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION (HFOV) IN TERM INFANTS WITH PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN (PPHN).† 1609

PREDICTORS OF FAILURE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION (HFOV) IN TERM INFANTS WITH PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN (PPHN).† 1609
Reduced IL‐2 expression in NOD mice leads to a temporal increase in CD62LloFoxP3+CD4+ T cells with limited suppressor activity

IL-2 plays a critical role in the induction and maintenance of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells (FoxP3+Tregs). Reduced expression of IL-2 is linked to T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), in which an imbalance between FoxP3+Tregs and pathogenic T effectors exists. We investigated the contribution of IL-2 to dysregulation of FoxP3+Tregs by comparing wildtype NOD mice with animals congenic for a C57BL/6-derived disease-resistant Il2 allele and in which T-cell secretion of IL-2 is increased (NOD.B6Idd3). Although NOD mice exhibited a progressive decline in the frequency of CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs due to an increase in CD62LloFoxP3+Tregs, CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs were maintained in the pancreatic lymph nodes and islets of NOD.B6Idd3 mice. Notably, the frequency of proliferating CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs was elevated in the islets of NOD.B6Idd3 versus NOD mice. Increasing levels of IL-2 in vivo also resulted in larger numbers of CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs in NOD mice. These results demonstrate that IL-2 influences the suppressor activity of the FoxP3+Tregs pool by regulating the balance between CD62Llo and CD62Lhi FoxP3+Tregs. In NOD mice, reduced IL-2 expression leads to an increase in nonsuppressive CD62LloFoxP3+Tregs, which in turn correlates with a pool of CD62LhiFoxP3+Tregs with limited proliferation.
A stepwise algorithm for selecting category boundaries for the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test

A stepwise algorithm for selecting categories for the chisquared goodness-of-fit test with completely specified continuous null and alternative distributions is described in this paper. The procedure's starting point is an initial partitioning of the sample space into a large number of categories. A second partition with one fewer category is constructed by combining two categories of the original partition. The procedure continues until there are only two categories; the partition in the sequence with the highest estimated power is the one chosen. For illustartive purposes, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated for several hypothesis tests of the from H0: normal distribution vs. H1: a specific mixed normal distribution. For each test considered, the partition identified by the algorithm was compared to several equiprobable partitions, including the equiprobable partition with the highest estimated power. In all cases but one, the algorithm identified a parttion with higher estimated power than th...
Immunomagnetic separation, primary culture, and characterization of cortical thick ascending limb plus distal convoluted tubule cells from mouse kidney

Renal cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle’s loop (CAL) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT) represent sites at which much of the final regulation of urinary ionic composition, particularly that of calcium, is accomplished in both humans and in rodents. We sought in the present work to develop an efficient means for isolating parathyroid hormone (PTH)-sensitive cells from these nephron segments and to grow them in primary culture. [CAL+DCT] cells were isolated from mouse kidney using an antiserum against the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein which, in the renal cortex, is produced exclusively by these cells. A second antibody conjugated to coated ferrous particles permitted magnetic separation of [CAL+DCT] cells from Tamm-Horsfall negative renal cortical cells. Approximately 3 × 106 cells per kidney with a trypan blue exclusion greater than 94% were isolated by these procedures. Experiments were performed to characterize the cells after 7 to 10 days in primary culture. PTH and isoproterenol, but neither calcitonin nor vasopressin, stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation in [CAL+DCT] cells, consistent with the pattern of hormone-activated cAMP synthesis found in freshly isolated CAL and DCT segments. Alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme present dominantly in proximal tubule brush border membranes, was virtually absent from [CAL+DCT] cells but was present in Tamm-Horsfall negative cells. Similarly, Na-glucose cotransport was absent in [CAL+DCT] cells but present in Tamm-Horsfall negative renal cortical cells. Finally, transport-related oxygen consumption in [CAL+DCT] cells was blocked by bumetanide and by chlorothiazide, diuretics that inhibit sodium transport in CAL and DCT nephron segments. These results demonstrate that PTH-sensitive [CAL+DCT] cells can be isolated in relatively high yield and viability and grown in cell culture. Primary cultures of these cells exhibit a phenotype appropriate to their site of origin in the nephron.
Interior Secretary Highlights Key Trends, Including Climate Change and Fiscal Constraint

Climate change is “the defining issue of our time,” Department of the Interior (DOI) Secretary Sally Jewell said during her 18 June keynote addess at the AGU Science Policy Conference in Washington, D. C. The United States has to “lead by example. We can't be the largest economy in the world and the second largest producer of carbon in the world”—after China—“and not take care of our own problems first to demonstrate to the world what needs to be done,” she said.
Life's Dominion: An Argument about Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom, Ronald Dworkin. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993. 273 pp.

As a teacher of biomedical ethics, I have constantly sought a method to motivate my students to engage in meaningful moral debate on the controversial issues of abortion and euthanasia, without risking a shouting match (as happened on one occasion). The moral views are so personalized and polarized that silence often displaces discourse. Ronald Dworkin's masterful Life's Dominion offers an innovative and insightful way through this impasse by identifying moral commitments shared by persons with different conclusions. His argument begins with "conservative" premises and winds up with "liberal" conclusions. It is a philosophical and constitutional analysis of the meaning of life and death that draws on substantive religious values. In so doing, Dworkin suggests an approach that could alter the adversarial and even violent nature of our cultural debate about the ending of life towards a more dialogic and tolerant, but not indifferent, mode....
Buschke-Lowenstein tumor in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis

Sir, A 57-year-old Caucasian male presented with continuous oozing of blood from a large exophytic growth over the abdomen and penile shaft. The patient reported a slowly enlarging exophytic growth over his penis [Figure 1a] and abdomen [Figure 1b] for past 35 years. He never sought medical attention for these; however, for the past 2 weeks, he was continuously oozing blood from these growths, requiring him to change clothes and bed sheets several times a day. Past medical history was significant for end-stage liver disease from untreated hepatitis C. At presentation, his hemoglobin was 6.6 and INR 1.9. During the course of hospitalization, patient was transfused as needed with reversal of coagulopathy; however the bleeding continued. Biopsy from both abdominal and penile growth showed increased mitosis and atypia, causing push effect, but lacked basement membrane invasion, [Figure ​[Figure2a2a and ​andb]b] consistent with diagnosis of Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT). Our patient failed radiotherapy and surgery was not an option because of decompensated cirrhosis with irreversible coagulopathy. Figure 1 (a) Large, exophytic lesions over the penile shaft and scrotum; (b) Large, exophytic lesions on the abdomen Figure 2 (a and b) Histopathology of lesions illustrates papillomatosis, acanthosis, and keratin pearls with increased mitosis and atypia
Formation of nanoscale pore arrays during anodization of aluminum

A theory of the spontaneous formation of spatially regular hexagonal arrays of nanopores in aluminum oxide film growing during aluminum anodization is presented. Linear stability analysis shows that, in certain ranges of the applied voltage and electrolyte pH, the oxide film is unstable with respect to perturbations with a well-defined wavelength. The instability is caused by a positive feedback between the oxidation-dissolution rates and variations of electric field caused by perturbations of the metal-oxide and oxide-electrolyte interfaces. The competition between this instability and the stabilizing effects of the Laplace pressure and elastic stress provides the wavelength selection mechanism. The hexagonal ordering of pores results from the resonant quadratic nonlinear interaction of unstable modes.
Soot in Urban Atmospheres: Determination by an Optical Absorption Technique

We have used the high optical absorptivity of urban and source particulates to trace their "graphitic" component. The optical absorptivity and the particulate carbon loading show a strong correlation. Analyses of the data indicate that primary soot emissions compose a major fraction of the carbonaceous aerosol and put a low limit on secondary organic material produced in correlation with the ozone concentration.
Shape of cells and intercellular channels in rabbit thick ascending limb of Henle.

Shape of cells and intercellular channels in rabbit thick ascending limb of Henle. Electron micrographs of cortical thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) were studied using morphometric techniques. The apical cell surface and the tubule basement membrane have identical areas of 0.8 × 10 5 µ 2 mm of tubule length in a typical tubule (I.D. = 15µ, O.D. = 25µ). The total area of lateral cell walls bordering intercellular channels is 7.9 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm of typical tubule, and the ratio of apical cell surface to lateral surface is 0.10 ± 0.01. When the photographed tubule wall was divided into five concentric zones of equal thickness, the lateral wall areas per zone were found to increase more rapidly than exponential, from 0.63 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm in that zone nearest the lumen to 3.6 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm in that zone adjacent to basement membrane. From these data and the estimated number of cells per mm of tubule length (764 cells), the circumferences of individual cells could be calculated for each zone, and a quantitative three-dimensional cell model could be constructed. The shape of intercellular channels is similar to that of the space between concentric, truncated, and pleated horns. TALH cells are compared to previously described cells of rabbit proximal convoluted and straight tubules. Morphologie des cellules et des canaux intercellulaires dans la branche ascendante large de l'anse de Henle du lapin. Les images de microscopie electronique de la branche large ascendante de l'anse de Henle (TALH) ont ete etudiees a l'aide de techniques morphometriques. La surface apicale de la cellule et la membrane basale tubulaire ont la meme surface, de 0,8 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm de longueur tubulaire d'un tubule typique de 15µ, de diametre interne et 25µ de diametre externe. La surface totale de la paroi cellulaire laterale est de 7,9 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm de tubule typique et le rapport de la surface apicale a la surface laterale est de 0,10 ± 0,01. Quand le tubule photographie est decoupe en cinq zones concentriques d'epaisseurs egales, la surface des parois laterales de chaque zone augmente plus rapidement qu'une exponentielle de 0,63 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm pour la zone la plus proche de la lumiere a 3,6 × 10 5 µ 2 /mm pour la zone adjacente de la membrane basale. A partir des ces resultats et de l'evaluation du nombre des cellules par mm de longueur tubulaire (764 cellules), la circonference de chaque cellule a ete calculee dans chaque zone et un modele cellulaire quantitatif a 3 dimensions a pu etre construit. La forme des canaux intercellulaires est semblable a celle limitee par l'espace compris entre des cornes concentriques, tronquees et plissees. Les cellules du TALH sont comparees a celles, anterieurement decrites, des tubes contournes et droits du lapin.
Hubble imaging excludes cosmic string lens

The galaxy image pair Capodimonte-Sternberg-Lens Candidate no. 1 (CSL-1) has been a leading candidate for a cosmic string lens. High quality imaging data from the Hubble Space Telescope presented here show that it is not a lens but a pair of galaxies. The galaxies show different orientations of their principal axes, not consistent with any lens model. We present a new direct test of the straight-string lens model, using a displaced difference of the image from itself to exclude CSL-1 at high confidence.