cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The development of FAX broadcasting system

A high density fax broadcasting system is designed and constructed using off-the-shelf hardware and custom software to perform parallel fax transmission. It has the retransmitting capability to fax to devices that were unresponsive because of previous transmission failures. The current design is for 24 analog channels or 24 digital channels on a T1 line. The total number of network stations can increase as the number of available telephone lines increases. >
Property Crime and Drug Enforcement in Portugal

The author tests the effect of drug law enforcement on the property crime rate in Portugal, investigating the hypothesis that there exists a property crime and drug crime trade-off. The test is an approximate replication of the Sollars, Benson, and Rasmussen (1994) model using data from 274 Portuguese municipalities in 1996, adjusted for societal differences. Increasing concern over the rise of the drug problem in this country and its seemingly unsuccessful effect on crime has led policy makers to doubt further allocation of scarce resources toward a strict drug policy. Evidence is found that supports the trade-off hypothesis; that is, in Portugal there is a trade-off between efforts to control drug crimes and efforts to control property crimes.
Diverting ostomy with pouch procedure: "causes more morbidity than it prevents!".

Temporary diverting ileostomies are routine performed as a “protective” adjunct to ileal pouch procedures. The need for routine diverting ileostomies has been challenged because of the risks associated with their management. A review of the available data and my personal experience demonstrates that diversion results in lower pouch leaks but a higher instance of pouch failure and strictures. The creation of ileal pouches without an ileostomy is preferable under selective conditions with quite acceptable results.
Comparison of Loss in Single-Layer and Multi-Layer Windings with a DC Current Component

A common technique for reducing losses in high-frequency windings is to use multiple conductor layers, each thin compared to a skin depth. This can be effective, but single-layer windings can also be advantageous for high frequency windings because their ac resistance goes up proportional to the square root of frequency, whereas the ac resistance of multi-layer windings can be proportional to the square of frequency. A general comparison of multi-layer and single-layer windings for applications with significant dc current shows that multi-layer windings can be effective in reducing loss in these applications, but achieving lower loss than a single-layer winding may require a large number of layers and may only produce a small improvement in loss.
Ab initio-derived dynamics for F2 reactions with partially fluorinated Si(100) surfaces: Translational activation as a possible etching tool

We have investigated via ab initio-derived molecular dynamics simulations the influence of up to 4.0 eV of translational excitation on the reactivity of F2 molecules with the Si(100) surface. We propose a stepwise reaction mechanism which yields two pathways involving Si−F bond formation: F atom abstraction, where one Si−F bond is formed at the expense of the F−F bond while the remaining F atom is ejected from the surface, and dissociative chemisorption, where both F atoms in the incident F2 molecule form Si−F bonds in a consecutive fashion, once again at the expense of the F−F bond. For the clean surface, we find abstraction to be highly probable at low incident energies, with increasing translational kinetic energy in impinging F2 molecules leading to increased dissociative chemisorption at the expense of atom abstraction and thus higher reactivity. We do not observe nonreactive scattering for the clean surface, where the incident F2 molecule reflects from the surface without forming an Si−F bond, but ...
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potential GAR and AICAR transformylase inhibitors

Abstract The synthesis and evaluation of 1 – 4 as potential inhibitors of GAR Tfase and AICAR Tfase are detailed.
Prenatal selection and fetal development disturbances occurring in carriers of G6PD deficiency.

The incidence of spontaneous abortions in women with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was studied. In 78 families where the wife was a heterozygous carrier of G6PD deficiency the percentage of unsuccessful pregnancies with spontaneous abortions occurring in the first trimester was higher (21.7%, calculated from 258 pregnancies) than in the control group (9.3%), calculated from 678 pregnancies.
The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic ray: new physics and astrophysics.

Abstract The lack of a high energy cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum together with an apparently isotropic distribution of arrival directions for the highest energy events have strongly constrained most models proposed for the generation of these particles. An overview of the theoretical proposals are presented along with their most general signatures. Future experimental tests of the different proposals are discussed.
Stochastic rationing by waiting list

Abstract In a stochastic queueing environment in which participants maximize expected utility, changes in queueing parameters have predictable impacts on waiting list size. For example, a decrease in mean service time cannot produce a decrease in waiting list size when arrival rate and mean service time are functionally independent.
Thermal convection in the Atlantis II hot brine pool

Abstract It is suggested from direct measurements of vertical motions in the intermediate hot brine layer of the Atlantis II deep, made in 1971, that at least two types of thermal convection are active: a primary small-scale convection responsible for the warming of the layer in recent years, and a secondary large-scale cellular convection driven by non-uniform horizontal heating which maintains vertical mixing in the layer.
Maritime Commerce And Its Relation To The Sung Navy

The dramatic thrust of the Chinese people out to sea during the epoch from the beginning of the twelfth to middle of the fifteenth century represented one of the most outstanding examples of the dynamics of Chinese history. This phenomenon was manifested by the growth of maritime commerce. The Sung government found one source of income on which it could rely, the revenue derived from maritime commerce. To foster it, the Sung court made a special effort to assist the merchants, and, to protect it from piracy, it gave emphasis to the building of high sea fleets. As the territory which it controlled shrank, it was necessary to adopt the best means to defend what it had left. As the navy was the best means of defense, the Sung government paid greater attention to the maintenance of its naval forces than it would have done otherwise under more favorable circumstances. Keywords: Chinese people; maritime commerce; naval forces; Sung government
Survey of practice in electrodermal measurement.

This paper is a report on the results of a survey on electrodermal recording procedures. A detailed questionnaire was sent to more than two hundred members of the Psychophysiological Society. The results indicate a wide disagreement among investigators in most phases of the recording process. This indicates a lack of standardization in one of the most used of physiological measures.
Prostaglandin inhibition prevents the fall in pulmonary vascular resistance as a result of rhythmic distension of the lungs in fetal lambs

Prostaglandins (PG) are vasoactive factors involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance at birth. However, their physiologic importance is unclear. We hypothesized that PG are important regulators of pulmonary vascular resistance during static and rhythmic distension of the lungs. To test this hypothesis, we studied seven near-term fetal lambs treated with meclofenamate (a PG synthetase inhibitor) and six controls. The fetal lambs were instrumented on a long-term basis with vascular catheters to measure pulmonary arterial pressures, left atrial pressures, and pulmonary blood flow (radionuclide-labeled microsphere method). The fetal airway was intubated, and the ductus arteriosus wall was infiltrated with formalin to assure full patency during the study period. Pulmonary vascular resistance was calculated during baseline and during sequential in utero static distension of the fetal lungs, rhythmic distension, and ventilation with oxygenation. We found that during rhythmic distension, inhibition of PG synthesis abolished the 4-fold decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance seen in the control group. In contrast, during static distension, pulmonary vascular resistance did not change in either group, and during ventilation with oxygenation, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased 12-fold in both groups. We conclude that PG are important regulators of pulmonary vascular resistance during rhythmic distension but are not essential for the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance during static distension or during ventilation with oxygenation.
Replicative Helicase Assists DNA Polymerase in Bypassing a Lesion

Unrepaired DNA lesions can inhibit replication fork progression, leading to cell death or genomic instability. Cells and viruses have evolved to possess mechanisms whereby DNA lesions could be tolerated and bypassed. A lesion may be bypassed via replication fork reversal or recruitment of a translesion polymerase. However, less is known about whether and how a replisome directly bypasses a lesion. Here, using single-molecule methods, we investigate the effect of a cis-syn TT dimer lesion in the leading strand of a DNA template. We found that T7 DNA polymerase (DNAP) on its own was incapable of lesion bypass, consistent with findings from previous biochemical studies. Surprisingly, in the presence of T7 helicase, DNAP bypassed the lesion after a transient pause during which the helicase also paused its unwinding activity. Upon lesion bypass, DNAP and the helicase concurrently resumed their activities. Our findings suggest a new lesion-bypass mechanism that is mediated via DNAP-helicase interactions.
Acidic deposition: the interplay of regulatory control programs

Abstract The Clean Air Act of 1990 provided a clear focus to attempts to resolve the impacts of acidic deposition. The acid deposition standard feasibility study completed in 1995 by EPA, as mandated under the Act, has called for additional reductions of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). It is also clear that these same pollutants are becoming the focus for added controls extending beyond the requirements of acid rain or title IV of the Act. This paper addresses the need for a holistic viewpoint for the controlling of these contaminants. Current control programs are being designed to deal with Title I (non-compliance with the ozone standard), Title IV (acidic deposition), utility deregulation, etc. The paper reviews these programs and efforts for integrated planning at the state, regional and federal levels. Other issues, such as eutrophication of estuaries, mercury contamination of water bodies, and global warming, while relevant, have not been addressed in the current discussion.
Evolutionary twist on topoisomerases: Conversion of gyrase to topoisomerase IV

Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes found in all cells, where they maintain the topology of DNA in a well-defined state (1). The defining activity of type II topoisomerases is an ATP-dependent passage of a segment of dsDNA through a transient double-stranded break in a second segment of dsDNA (Fig. 1) (1, 2). Despite sharing the same core strand passage mechanism, different type II topoisomerases display dramatically different substrate specificities and topological activities. The molecular basis for these differences and their evolutionary origins remains speculative. There is mounting evidence that the differences are encoded in the poorly conserved C-terminal domains (CTDs) (3–6). Similarly, the high degree of homology among type II topoisomerases is clear evidence that they are evolutionarily related, but the evolutionary pathway and the identity of the original type II topoisomerase are unknown (7). In PNAS, the article by Tretter et al. (8) provides biochemical, structural, and evolutionary results showing the conversion of one type II topoisomerase into another. Their results enlarge our understanding of the molecular and structural basis governing the topological specificity and activity of type II topoisomerases, illustrate how these features may have evolved from a common ancestor, and force reconsideration of notions concerning the complement of essential bacterial genes.
A dislocation theory of plasticity

Abstract Based on the observation that plastic behavior is a macroscopic manifestation of the motion and interaction of dislocations, a plasticity theory is proposed that represents a connecting link between solid state physics and the conventional plasticity and viscoplasticity theories. The dislocation picture is described-for a slip system a—by means of A a I (immobile dislocation densities), A a M (mobile dislocation densities), and the dislocation speeds V a . Suitable constitutive equations are introduced for V a and the time rate of change of A a I , A a M .A two-dimensional extension of a rigid-viscoplastic body is analyzed to illustrate the nature of the proposed theory.
Atomic physics experiments with stored cooled heavy ion beams

Abstract The wide ranging interest in the development of heavy ion synchrotrons with electron beam cooling is evident from the number of projects presently under way. Although much of the initial motivation for these rings stemmed from nuclear and particle physics, a considerable amount of atomic physics experimentation is planned. This paper surveys some of the new opportunities in atomic physics which may be made available with storage ring systems.
Autocatalysis in a biological system.

Abstract A biochemical scheme is analyzed in which the synthesis of a precursor is catalyzed by its product. The scheme shows hysteresis in the steady state concentrations of the intermediates only if the outflow from the system is by reaction with a reversible enzyme. The construction of open systems to correspond to an in vivo environment and the possible biological functioning of the hysteresis are discussed.
972 THE QT INTERVAL IN ABORTED SIDS INFANTS

Prolongation of the QT interval has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). To test this hypothesis, 31 studies in 12 normal infants and 17 studies in 7 aborted SIDS infants were performed during sleep in the first four months of life. The QT index (QTc) was measured with an accuracy of 2 msec or better. In contrast to recent suggestions, the mean QTc was significantly smaller in the aborted SIDS than in the normal infants in both REM and quiet sleep (p< 0.05, unpaired t-test). Means ± SD are presented: In both the normal and aborted SIDS infants, the mean QTc was significantly smaller in REM than in quiet sleep (p< 0.01, paired t-test). We suggest that 1) the smaller QTc in the aborted SIDS infants results from a uniform increase in the activity of the sympathetic outflow to the ventricles or an increase in circulating levels of catecholamines and 2) the smaller QTc in REM in both groups makes it unlikely that there is an imbalance in the sympathetic innervation of the ventricles in aborted SIDS. Although these studies do not support the hypothesis relating SIDS to prolongation of the QT interval, they may provide a basis for distinguishing normal from aborted SIDS infants.
MP-RAGE subtraction venography: a new technique.

Preliminary evaluation of a new magnetic resonance (MR) venography technique was performed with data sets from five patients undergoing BAR imaging of the brain before and after intravenous administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Before contrast agent injection, the patients were imaged with MP-RAGE (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo) and axial turbo T2-weighted sequences. After contrast agent injection, the MP-RAGE sequence was repeated. Images were post-processed with an algorithm that calculates, on a pizel-by-pixel basis, the absolute value of signal intensity of each postcontrast MP-RAGE partition minus that of each precontract MP-RAGE partition. These subtracted partitions were then subjected to a standard maximum-intensity-projection algorithm to obtain the venogram. In all cases, the new method afforded a high-resolution venogram with clear depiction of venous sinus anatomy. Cortical venous anatomy was also clearly depicted.
The dissociation energy of CaO

Abstract Ab initio calculations using a large STO basis set yield a dissociation energy of 4.07 ± 0.09 eV, suggesting that Irvin and Dagdigian's chemiluminescence value of 4.11 ± 0.07 eV is the most accurate value available.
Enhanced resistance to an antigenic tumor in immunosuppressed mice by dietary retinyl palmitate plus canthaxanthin.

Abstract Retinoids and certain carotenoids, e.g., β- catotene and canthaxanthin, have been found to prevent photocarcinogenesis in mice and also to act as immunoenhancers. The hypothesis that retinoids and carotenoids inhibit photocarcinogenesis by preventing UV induction of immunosuppression predicts that mice treated with these agents before and during periods of UV radiation treatments should be as resistant as unirradiated mice to an antigenic UV-induced tumor. To test this prediction, mice were fed 120 IU of retinyl palmitate per gram of diet, and/or 1% canthaxanthin, before UV irradiation treatments began, and during the entire experiment. After 4.95 × 10 5 Jm −2 , delivered over 12 weeks, resistance of mice to antigenic UV-induced tumor implants (UV20) was studied. Dietary supplementation with retinyl palmitate plus canthaxanthin, but not with either agent alone at these doses, prevented the enhanced growth of UV20 in UV irradiated mice.
Redo endarterectomy for recurrent carotid artery stenosis.

From a registry of 2406 carotid endarterectomies performed on 1818 patients over a 19-year period, 29 patients (1.6%) underwent reoperations for recurrent stenosis. Reoperations were performed for symptomatic stenosis for 23 and asymptomatic >80% stenosis for six patients. Compared to the entire series, there was no difference in the incidence of restenosis for men and women. The pathologic findings were myointimal hyperplasia in 27%, atherosclerosis in 53%, thrombus with vessel dilatation in 17% and extrinsic scar in 3%. Redo endarterectomy with patch angioplasty was used for reconstruction in 27 patients and patch angioplasty alone in two. There were no operative deaths or strokes. Late follow-up (mean 50 months) revealed only one stroke and six other deaths. Although 21 (75%) were alive and stroke-free, follow-up studies suggest a high incidence (21%) of tertiary lesions among patients who have undergone redo endarterectomy for recurrent stenosis.
Star formation in damped Ly$\alpha$ systems

We determine star formation rates for a sample of 50 DLAs from properties of the absorbing gas alone. Assuming thermal balance, we determine the grain photoelectric heating rate of the neutral gas from the [C II] $158\,\mu$ m cooling rate per H atom, $\ell_{c}$ , inferred from C II $^{*}$ 1335.7 and damped Ly $\alpha$ absorption lines. We deduce the star formation rate per unit area and the FUV luminosity per unit co-moving volume, ${\cal L}_{\nu}^{DLA}$ . Comparison of ${\cal L}_{\nu}^{DLA}$ with the luminosity density of Lyman Break Galaxies, ${\cal L}_{\nu}^{LBG}$ , shows that ${\cal L}_{\nu}^{DLA}>>{\cal L}_{\nu}^{LBG}$ for most models. These models are ruled out if our assumption that LBGs dominate the total FUV luminosity density of the Universe is correct. The only feasible models are those in which ${\cal L}_{\nu}^{DLA}\approx {\cal L}_{\nu}^{LBG}$ . We conclude that DLAs in which $\ell_{c}>10^{-27.1}$ ergs s $^{-1}$ H $^{-1}$ contain centrally located LBGs, while the gas in DLAs with $\ell_{c} ergs s $^{-1}$ H $^{-1}$ is heated by background radiation alone.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Acute Facial Nerve Injury

Objective/Hypothesis Available electrodiagnostic tests that are used to evaluate facial nerve injury examine the nerve distal to the stylomastoid foramen; because most facial nerve injuries are within the temporal bone, the tests cannot evaluate the nerve at or across the injury site. The interpretation of these tests depends on the predictability (or unpredictability) of distal degenerative process. Transcranial magnetic stimulation may be able to stimulate the nerve proximal to the injury site. The hypothesis of the present study is that in cases of mild traumatic facial nerve injury where axonal integrity is maintained, proximal stimulation of the nerve using higher than normal stimulus intensities to “overcome” the block at the injury site result in recordable facial nerve activity. Study Design A prospective controlled animal study comparing response to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve in the following groups: mild injury, severe injury/transection, and control. Methods We studied 44 facial nerves in 22 cats. Fifteen nerves were subjected to mild trauma. Five nerves were severely crushed, 2 nerves were completely transected, and 22 nerves were not traumatized. All nerves were examined with the transcranial magnetic stimulation system before the trauma, immediately after the trauma, and at 3, 8, and 12 weeks after trauma. Results All nerves in the mild and severe trauma groups showed complete clinical paralysis immediately after trauma. The nerves in the mild trauma group showed significant increase in threshold as well as significant increase in latency for recordable facial muscle response to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Thresholds and latencies decreased gradually within 3 to 12 weeks and returned almost to preinjury levels. This paralleled the return of clinical facial muscle movement. In the severe trauma/transection group, the nerves had no facial muscle response to transcranial magnetic stimulation after trauma. Neither facial muscle response to transcranial magnetic stimulation nor facial muscle movements recovered. Conclusions In cats transcranial magnetic stimulation can assess the integrity of the facial nerve after trauma and predict its potential for regeneration. This technique can excite the nerve proximal to the injury site and may play a role in the clinical evaluation of the acute traumatic facial nerve paralysis. It can be used immediately after trauma, because it does not depend on wallerian degeneration to occur.
A miniature direct formic acid fuel cell battery

Abstract This work describes miniature formic acid fuel cell batteries, which are built based on a Nafion ® membrane and thin metal foils. The intrinsic advantages of formic acid fuel allow for a very simple design of the fuel cell, and the volume of the complete system, including fuel reservoir, can be as small as 11 mm 3 . This work examines the effect of membrane thicknesses and fuel concentrations on the cell performance. The optimized cell performance is obtained with N117 membrane and 12 M fuel. Peak power density of the optimized cell is 112 mW cm −2 . Life tests are conducted at various conditions using 6 μL of fuel. An energy density of 70 Wh L −1 with 40% fuel utilization rate is observed when 12 M formic acid is used at 0.5 V.
Transparency and accountability in mass media campaigns about organ donation: a response to Morgan and Feeley

We respond to Morgan and Feeley’s critique on our article “Mass Media in Organ Donation: Managing Conflicting Messages and Interests.” We noted that Morgan and Feeley agree with the position that the primary aims of media campaigns are: “to educate the general public about organ donation process” and “help individuals make informed decisions” about organ donation. For those reasons, the educational messages in media campaigns should not be restricted to “information from pilot work or focus groups” but should include evidence-based facts resulting from a comprehensive literature research. We consider the controversial aspects about organ donation to be relevant, if not necessary, educational materials that must be disclosed in media campaigns to comply with the legal and moral requirements of informed consent. With that perspective in mind, we address the validity of Morgan and Feeley’s claim that media campaigns have no need for informing the public about the controversial nature of death determination in organ donation. Scientific evidence has proven that the criteria for death determination are inconsistent with the Uniform Determination of Death Act and therefore potentially harmful to donors. The decision by campaign designers to use the statutory definition of death without disclosing the current controversies surrounding that definition does not contribute to improved informed decision making. We argue that if Morgan and Feeley accept the important role of media campaigns to enhance informed decision making, then critical controversies should be disclosed. In support of that premise, we will outline: (1) the wide-spread scientific challenges to brain death as a concept of death; (2) the influence of the donor registry and team-huddling on the medical care of potential donors; (3) the use of authorization rather than informed consent for donor registration; (4) the contemporary religious controversy; and (5) the effects of training desk clerks as organ requestors at the Department of Motor Vehicles offices. We conclude that organ donation is a medical procedure subject to all the ethical obligations that the medical profession must uphold including that of transparency and truthfulness.
The lifetime of aerosols in ambient air: Consideration of the effects of surfactants and chemical reactions

Abstract The relatively long lifetime of droplets in atmospheric haze and fog in comparison with similar droplets of pure water is attributed to the presence of a monolayer of surfactant film and to the accumulation of soluble salts from chemical reactions. The lifetime of these droplets is a significant factor in the evaluation of the role of heterogeneous aqueous chemical reactions occurring in the troposphere. Several mechanisms of SO2 oxidation in the presence of liquid water are investigated. It is shown that soot-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur dioxide could be responsible for the high level of sulfate concentration observed in the coastal industrial areas.
pp60c-src enhances the acetylcholine receptor-dependent catecholamine release in vaccinia virus-infected bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

: Secretion of catecholamines by adrenal chromaffin cells is a highly regulated process that involves serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylations. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase pp60c-sre is expressed at high levels and localized to plasma membranes and secretory vesicle membranes in these cells, suggesting an interaction of this enzyme with components of the secretory process. To test the hypothesis that pp60c-sic is involved in exocytosis, we transiently expressed exogenous c-src cDNA using a vaccinia virus vector in primary cultures of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Chromaffin cells infected with a c-src recombinant virus restored the diminished secretory activity accompanying infection by wild type virus alone or a control recombinant virus. The level of enhanced catecholamine release correlated directly with the time and level of exogenous c-src expression. These results could not be attributed to differences in cytopathic effects of wild type versus recombinant viruses as assessed by cell viability assays, nor to differences in norepinephrine uptake or basal release, suggesting that pp60c-src is involved in stimulus-secretion coupling in infected cells. Surprisingly, exogenous expression of an enzymatically inactive mutant c-src also restored catecholamine release, indicating that regions of the introduced c-src protein other than the kinase domain may affect catecholamine release. Secretory activity was elevated by both forms of c-src in response to either nicotine or carbachol (which activate the nicotinic and the nicotinic/muscarinic receptors, respectively). In contrast, release of catecholamines upon membrane depolarization (as elicited by 55 mM K+) or by treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 was unaffected by either vaccinia infection or increased levels of pp60c-src. These results suggest that pp60c-src affects secretory processes in vaccinia-infected cells that are activated through ligand-gated, but not voltage-gated, ion channels.
A direct carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 NMR study of samarium(III) complexation with nitrate and isothiocyanate in aqueous solvent mixtures

The extent of inner-shell, contact ion-pairing between samarium(III)-nitrate and in a preliminary manner, samarium(III)-isothiocyanate, has been determined by a direct, low-temperature, multinuclear magnetic resonance technique. In water-acetone mixtures containing Freon-12 or Freon-22, the slow exchange condition is achieved at −110 to −120°C, permitting the observation of15N NMR resonance signals for bulk and coordinated nitrate. In these mixtures, signals are observed for Sm(NO3)2+, Sm(NO3) 2 + , and two higher complexes, possibly the tetranitrato with either the penta-or hexanitrato.1H NMR signals for bound water molecules in these mixtures were observed, but accurate hydration numbers can not yed be determined. In anhydrous or aqueous methanol mixtures,15N NMR signals for only three complexes are observed, with the dinitrato clearly dominating. Using15N and35Cl NMR chemical shift and linewidth measurements, the superior complexing ability of nitrate compared to perchlorate and chloride, was demonstrated. Successful preliminary13C and15N NMR measurements of Sm3+-NCS− interactions in water-acetone-Freon-22 mixtures also have been made. The13C NMR spectra reveal signals for five complexes, presumably Sm(NCS)2+ through Sm(NCS) 5 2− . In the15N NMR spectra, signals for only three complexes are observed (the result of insufficient spectral resolution.) displaced about +240 ppm from bulk anion.
Pituitary peptides. Naturally occurring analogues of porcine corticotropin

Three new peptides with high steroidogenic activity in vivo have been isolated from porcine pituitary extracts. Similar in molecular weight to porcine ACTH, they differ from the usual amino acid composition in molar ratios of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, valine, methionine and phenylalanine.
The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster after neonatal superior colliculus lesions

The reorganization of the adult hamster's lateral posterior nucleus after neonatal superior colliculus lesions was studied using primarily light and electron microscopic degeneration techniques. Two types of experiments were conducted. First, the distributions of the remaining afferents from the contralateral superior colliculus, the contralateral retina, and the ipsilateral posterior neocortex were determined using the Fink-Heimer ('67) technique. Normally the projections from the contralateral superior colliculus and retina are sparse and restricted to small areas in the rostrolateral subdivision. After neonatal lesions of the ipsilateral colliculus, however, these two minor projections greatly increase in density and expand to share a common border. In contrast, the normal projection from the posterior neocortex is dense throughout the rostrolateral subdivision. After a neonatal colliculus lesion, however, this projection is greatly decreased in the region occupied by the optic tract terminals. Second, the ultrastructural organization of the rostrolateral subdivision was studied in adult animals which had received neonatal colliculus lesions. Normally, this region is characterized by synaptic clusters in which numerous medium-sized terminals (M-terminals), almost all from the ipsilateral colliculus, synapse around the shaft of a large central dendrite. The contralateral colliculus and retina normally contribute only a few M-terminals. After a neonatal colliculus lesion, typical clusters still form, but now the expanded projections from the contralateral colliculus and retina contribute numerous M-terminals. The cortex does not contribute M-terminals in either normal or experimental animals. These results suggest that the afferents to the rostrolateral subdivision normally compete for synaptic space. The various factors that might be involved in determining the outcome of such competition are discussed.
Average probability of packet error with diversity reception over arbitrarily correlated fading channels

Closed form expressions for the average probability of packet error (PPE) are presented for no diversity, maximum ratio combining (MRC), selection combining (SC) and switch and stay combining (SSC) diversity schemes. The average PPE for the no diversity case is obtained in two alternative expressions assuming arbitrarily correlated Nakagami and Rician fading channels. For the MRC case, L diversity branches are considered and the channel samples are assumed to follow Nakagami distribution and to be arbitrarily correlated in both time and space. For the SC diversity scheme with L diversity branches, two bounds on the average PPE are derived for both slow and fast fading channels. The average PPE in this case is obtained in an infinite integral form for Nakagami channels while it is reduced to a closed form expression for the Rayleigh case. The average PPE is also derived in the case of SSC diversity with dual branches for both slow and fast Rayleigh fading channels. The new formulas are applicable for all modulation schemes where the conditional probability of error has an exponential dependence on the signal-to-noise ratio. The average PPE is then used to obtain a modified expression for the throughput for network protocols. In general, the diversity gain exhibits a little diminishing effect as the number of diversity branches increases. In addition, the system is found to be more sensitive to the space correlation than to the time correlation. The effects of different system parameters and diversity schemes are studied and discussed. Specific figures about the system performance are also provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visimu: a game for music color label collection

Based on previous studies of the associations between color and music, we introduce a scalable way of using colors to label songs and a visualization of music archives that facilitates music exploration. We present Visimu, an online game that attracted users to generate 926 color labels for 102 songs, with over 75% of the songs having color labels reaching high consensus in the Lab color space. We implemented a music archive visualization using the color labels generated by Visimu, and conducted an experiment to show that labeling music by color is more effective than text tags when the user is looking for songs of a particular mood or use scenario. Our results showed that Visimu is effective to produce meaningful color labels for music mood classification, and such approach enables a wide range of applications for music visualization and discovery.
ReadFast: Optimizing structural search relevance for big biomedical text

While the problem to find needed information on the Web is critical, it is arguably much less pressing nowadays than it was over a decade ago when the Web was emerging. Back then it was much more difficult to find a Web resource of interest, because the search engines were in their infancy covering much lesser portion of the Web by their indices, armed with embryonic page ranking algorithms. Now, Web-search is by far not perfect yet, but definitely went a long way to become an everyday “go-to” resource for millions of people. By contrast, access to textual information is not even close to what Web-search algorithms offer today. In fact, it does not differ much from what everyone had a decade ago. That is keyword-search (exact substring match) is often the only way to find needle in a haystack in most modern word processors and text corpora search engines. Here we demonstrate ReadFast - a system, capable to extract certain structure from any natural language text corpus and use it to provide more relevant search results than keyword-search for specific classes of queries. Our evaluation justified significant relevance gain (20-30%) for two large Biomedical text corpora.
Endovascular Methods for the Treatment of Intracranial Cerebral Aneurysms

This article briefly discusses the clinical features, natural history, and epidemiology of intracranial cerebral aneurysms, along with current diagnostic imaging techniques for their detection. The main focus is on the basic techniques used in endovascular coiling of ruptured and nonruptured saccular intracranial cerebral aneurysms. After a discussion of each technique, a short review of the results of each form of treatment is given, concentrating on reported large case series. Specific complications related to the endovascular treatment of saccular intracranial aneurysms are then discussed.
Relationships between blood platelet and erythrocyte formation

Abstract The rate of thrombopoiesis was measured by platelet incorporation of 35 S-sulfate in mice having markedly stimulated or suppressed erythropoiesis, and compared to controls. Twenty-four hr exposure to 0.4 atm in a low pressure chamber caused increased platelet incorporation of 35 S, while exposure for 2 to 5 days caused reductions in both 35 S uptake and platelet counts at time of sacrifice. These values were progressively reduced with the longer periods of hypoxia. Two units of human urinary erythropoietin (ESF) were injected twice daily for 1 to 5 days and also caused reduced platelet 35 S uptake in mice given the ESF for 2, 4, or 5 days. Mice rendered polycythemic by hypertransfusion or previous exposure to low barometric pressure had increased platelet 35 S uptake and increased platelet counts. One possible explanation is that the severe hypoxia or the administration of ESF strongly stimulated erythropoiesis, but might have inhibited thrombopoiesis by depleting megakaryocyte precursors in the bone marrow.
Salinity Effects on Emergence, Survival, and Ion Accumulation of Limonium perezii

Abstract Saline wastewaters may provide a valuable water source for the irrigation of selected salt-tolerant floriculture crops as water quality and quantity becomes limited and as demand for quality water increases. A 2 × 7 factorial design with three replications was used to test the effects of water ionic composition and salinity, respectively, on emergence, survival, and mineral accumulation of the salt-tolerant cut flower Limonium perezii (Stapf) F. T. Hubb cv. ‘Blue Seas.’ Seeds (n = 100) were sown in each of 42 presalinized greenhouse sand tanks. Irrigation water composition represented saline drainage waters typically present in either the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) or the Imperial/Coachella Valleys (ICV) of California. Electrical conductivity levels of the treatment waters were 2.5 (control), 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 dS m− 1, respectively. Seedling emergence was monitored daily and leaf mineral concentrations (total sulfur (S), total phosphorus (P), Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Na+, K+, and Cl−) were determined t...
Goal Development of Latina/o Students in a Developmental Learning Community at a Community College

Community colleges benefit from a diverse population with various reasons for attending. For example, 23% of Latina/o students that earned a PhD between 1990 and 2000 began their education in a community college (Rivas, Perez, Alvarez, & Solorzano, 2007). However, there are a number who often do not persist toward their goals. To begin with, half the students who manage to graduate from high school in Southern California enter community college with widely varying degrees of academic preparation. Many academically unprepared Latina/o high school graduates enroll in U.S. community colleges as the first critical point of access (Fry, 2004). However, Latina/o student retention remains a serious matter, as reflected by 7% baccalaureate degree attainment after six years (Adelman, 2005; National Center for Education Statistics, 2008a). What can be done to discourage attrition and encourage retention? The learning community construct, lauded for its contribution to teaching and learning reform (Commander & Ward,...
Dynamic pricing in internet retail: Effects on consumer trust

Individual-level price discrimination, while not a new idea, is more than a theoretical possibility in the Internet age. Economic theory argues that dynamic pricing (i.e., individual-level price discrimination) is inherently good for the profitability of the firm, because it allows the firm to capture a larger share of the consumer surplus, but anecdotal evidence from recent retail experiments with Internet-based dynamic pricing suggests that consumers react strongly against this practice. Using a two-dimensional conceptualization of trust, based on benevolence and competence trust, the current experiment examines how the experience of a dynamic pricing event and the direction of the pricing discrimination (i.e., whether one is offered the higher or the lower price) affects both the mean levels of trust and the weight given to the separate trust dimensions in the formation of overall trust. Because demand-based pricing, such as dynamic pricing, is generally considered unfair, it is expected that trust levels will be lower and that more weight will be given to benevolence trust. Results show that mean benevolence trust is significantly lower (which leads to a marginal decrease in overall trust) and the weight given to benevolence trust in the formation of overall trust substantially increases. The direction-of-price-discrimination effects are generally unsupported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single-molecule tracking of collagenase on native type I collagen fibrils reveals degradation mechanism.

Summary Background Collagen, the most abundant human protein, is the principal component of the extracellular matrix and plays important roles in maintaining tissue and organ integrity. Highly resistant to proteolysis, fibrillar collagen is degraded by specific matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Degradation of fibrillar collagen underlies processes including tissue remodeling, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. However, the mechanism of native collagen fibril degradation remains poorly understood. Results Here we present the results of high-resolution tracking of individual MMPs degrading type I collagen fibrils. MMP1 exhibits cleavage-dependent biased and hindered diffusion but spends 90% ± 3% of the time in one of at least two distinct pause states. One class of exponentially distributed pauses (class I pauses) occurs randomly along the fibril, whereas a second class of pauses (class II pauses) exhibits multistep escape kinetics and occurs periodically at intervals of 1.3 ± 0.2 μm and 1.5 ± 0.2 μm along the fibril. After these class II pauses, MMP1 moved faster and farther in one direction along the fibril, indicative of biased motion associated with cleavage. Simulations indicate that 5% ± 2% of the class II pauses result in the initiation of processive collagen degradation, which continues for bursts of 15 ± 4 consecutive cleavage events. Conclusions These findings provide a mechanistic paradigm for type I collagen degradation by MMP1 and establish a general approach to investigate MMP-fibrillar collagen interactions. More generally, this work demonstrates the fundamental role of enzyme-substrate interactions including binding and motion in determining the activity of an enzyme on an extended substrate.
SU-E-J-62: Theoretical Investigation of Ultra-WideBand (UWB) Penetration Through Biological Tissues

Purpose: The UWB is a radio‐frequency electromagnetic pulse with width around nanosecond encompassing 3.1–10.6 GHz frequencies. The UWB is currently used in remote sensing as through‐the‐wall imaging technology. To develop this technology into through‐the‐body tumor‐detection technology, first, we theoretically investigate whether the UWB pulses can penetrate through human tissues such as skin, muscle, bone, fat, and lung. Specifically we want to calculate which frequencies can penetrate deeper through human tissues. Methods: We theoretically relate the complex permittivity with the complex index of refraction and obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients for skin, muscle, bone, fat, and lung. We use an experimentally‐measured complex permittivity from the published source1 as input to our numerical model. We calculate 1/e penetration depth, which is equivalent to 36.7% of initial radar power, for each frequency, from air to each tissue as an indicator of penetration capability of the UWB. Results: Our results show that lower UWB frequency (3 GHz) is better at penetrating through the human tissues than higher frequency (10 GHz). We find 1/e penetration depth for human skin, muscle, fat, bone, and lung to be 4.45, 4.67, 0.49, 2.61, and 2.38 cm for 3 GHz, respectively. At 10 GHz, the 1/e penetration depths are reduced significantly to 0.17, 0.13, 0.33, 0.21, 0.19 cm, respectively. This Result indicates that it is better to design a UWB radar system with higher power at lower frequencies. Conclusion: We find that lower frequencies of the UWB can penetrate deeper into human tissues. This Result will be used to design a future experiment for further investigation of the UWB radar as a new modality for lung‐tumor detection.1. Gabriel et al. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey Phys. Med. Biol. 41(11) 2231‐2249
Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel in Biodegradable Self-Assembled Core-Shell Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide Ethylene Oxide Fumarate) Nanoparticles

Purpose Biodegradable core-shell polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell, are developed for surfactant-free encapsulation and delivery of Paclitaxel to tumor cells.
English Proficiency and Access to Health Insurance in Hispanics Who Are Elderly Implications for Adequate Health Care

Medicare, as a publicly funded insurance program, has produced significant improvement in the overall health of America’s elderly populations. However, health disparities still persist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White populations in terms of overall access to health services. This study utilized data from the Hispanic Established Population for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly (H-EPESE) survey (1993 to 1994), to compare the relationship between levels of English proficiency and access to Medicare and other health insurance among 3,050 Hispanics who were elderly. Results of chi-square tests of independence indicated a significant relationship (p = .001) between respondents’ levels of English proficiency and access to Medicare and other health insurance. Implications regarding the impact of limited English proficiency on access to adequate health care for Hispanics who are elderly are discussed.
Transition Metal Substitution in ETS-10 : DFT Calculations and a Simple Model for Electronic Structure Prediction

The effects of transition metal substitution on the electronic structure of ETS-10 are elucidated for a variety of transition metal substituents (VIV, VV, NbV, MoV, CrIII, FeIII, and CuII) using density functional theory (DFT) and embedded cluster models. Properties intrinsic to the substituted metals (such as ionic radius and the number of d electrons) have been used to explain the energy changes observed for the valence and conduction bands and midgap states. Linear combinations of the key factors that control the energy of these electronic states have been developed that are capable of approximating the electronic structure for a variety of transition metal combinations substituted into the O−M−O chain of ETS-10. While not as accurate as DFT calculations, these electronic structure prediction models may be used to exhaustively search all possible transition metal combinations in a fraction of the time that it would take to investigate each system individually, using DFT. This inexpensive method allows ...
Making Drugs Out of Oligonucleotides: A Brief Review and Perspective

I provide a brief review and perspective thoughts concerning the antisense oligonucleotide, drug discovery paradigm.