cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of reperfusion time trends in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction across New York State from 2004 to 2012

Abstract Background Registry-driven data have shown a significant decrease in door-to-balloon (DTB) times in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to determine the trends in reperfusion times (symptom-onset to door (SOTD) and DTB times) in patients presenting with STEMI across New York State. Methods We retrospectively examined 35,613 STEMI patients receiving PCI from 2004 to 2012 and compared median SOTD and DTB times across years. Patients with SOTD time >12h and DTB time >3h were excluded. Results There was a statistically significant trend towards shorter DTB times (median DTB time of 83min (IQR 53, 116) in 2004 to a median DTB time of 59min (IQR 40, 78) in 2012, P P P Conclusions There was a significant decrease in reperfusion times from 2004 to 2012 in STEMI patients across New York State. This trend was significant regardless of the presence of co-morbid conditions, although a significant gap in reperfusion times persists between men and women.
The State of the Art of Voronoi Diagram Research

The notion of Voronoi diagrams refer to a conceptually simple geometric construct that is based on a finite set of points in a Euclidean space. Intuitively speaking, it is such a simple notion that it can be described to a non-specialist. Indeed even some social and cultural settings can be described that would convey the essence of the concept. Consider for instance a number of strangers who are standing still in a room at random locations. In what region of space can an individual freely move his/her arms without appearing to be impolite to the others? Without having a precise definition of this personal space, each individual would most likely have an intuitive notion of it. If each individual is reduced to a single point occupying a specific location in the room, the personal space of a particular point is its Voronoi cell, the set of all points that are closer to that point than to any of the other points. Each Voronoi cell is a polyhedral region. The Voronoi diagram of the set of points is the partitioning of the space into the collection of Voronoi cells, together with their boundaries.
Greening the Economy: Certified Sustainable Coffee

About 1.6 billion cups of coffee are consumed every day around the world. Measured by trade volume, coffee is the most important agricultural crop. It is the second most traded commodity after oil. It was also the first product to be fair trade certified and is the leading global fair trade product. Shade-grown coffee, in particular, provides an alternative to agricultural practices that erode soil, over-utilize water, and decimate forest habitats. The shade-grown Rainforest Alliance and Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center bird-friendly coffees are featured. These certifications result from alliances between producers in the developing world and consumers in the USA and Europe. As described in this chapter, such certifications, though sometimes compromised, move us toward global sustainable agriculture and sustainable development practices.
Human herpesvirus 8 interleukin-6 interacts with calnexin cycle components and promotes protein folding

Viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) encoded by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is believed to contribute via mitogenic, survival, and angiogenic activities to HHV-8-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms during latency or productive replication. There is direct evidence that vIL-6 promotes latently infected PEL cell viability and proliferation and also viral productive replication in PEL and endothelial cells. These activities are mediated largely through endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized vIL-6, which can induce signal transduction via the gp130 signaling receptor, activating mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, and interactions of vIL-6 with the ER membrane protein vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 variant 2 (VKORC1v2). The latter functional axis involves suppression of proapoptotic lysosomal protein cathepsin D by promotion of the ER-associated degradation of ER-transiting, preproteolytically processed procathepsin D. Other interactions of VKORC1v2 and activities of vIL-6 via the receptor have not been reported. We show here that both vIL-6 and VKORC1v2 interact with calnexin cycle proteins UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGGT1), which catalyzes monoglucosylation of N-glycans, and oppositely acting glucosidase II (GlucII), and that vIL-6 can promote protein folding. This activity was found to require VKORC1v2 and UGGT1, to involve vIL-6 associations with VKORC1v2, UGGT1, and GlucII, and to operate in the context of productively infected cells. These findings document new VKORC1v2-associated interactions and activities of vIL-6, revealing novel mechanisms of vIL-6 function within the ER compartment.IMPORTANCE HHV-8 vIL-6 prosurvival (latent) and proreplication functions are mediated from the ER compartment through both gp130 receptor-mediated signal transduction and interaction of vIL-6 with the ER membrane protein VKORC1v2. This report identifies interactions of vIL-6 and VKORC1v2 with calnexin cycle enzymes GlucII and UGGT1, which are involved in glycan processing and nascent protein folding. The presented data show that vIL-6 and VKORC1v2 can cocomplex with GlucII and UGGT1, that vIL-6 promotes protein folding, and that VKORC1v2, UGGT1, and vIL-6 interactions with GlucII and UGGT1 are important for the profolding activity of vIL-6, which can be detected in the context of infected cells. This newly identified ER activity of vIL-6 involving VKORC1v2 may promote viral latency (in PEL cells) and productive replication by limiting the damaging effects of unfolded protein response signaling in addition to enhancing viral protein folding. This is the first report of such a function for a cytokine.
Stress-based topology optimization using spatial gradient stabilized XFEM

This paper presents an immersed boundary approach for level set topology optimization considering stress constraints. A constraint agglomeration technique is used to combine the local stress constraints into one global constraint. The structural response is predicted by the eXtended Finite Element Method. A Heaviside enrichment strategy is used to model strong and weak discontinuities with great ease of implementation. This work focuses on low-order finite elements, which given their simplicity are the most popular choice of interpolation for topology optimization problems. The predicted stresses strongly depend on the intersection configuration of the elements and are prone to significant errors. Robust computation of stresses, regardless of the interface position, is essential for reliable stress constraint prediction and sensitivities. This study adopts a recently proposed fictitious domain approach for penalization of displacement gradients across element faces surrounding the material interface. In addition, a novel XFEM informed stabilization scheme is proposed for robust computation of stresses. Through numerical studies the penalized spatial gradients combined with the stabilization scheme is shown to improve prediction of stresses along the material interface. The proposed approach is applied to the benchmark topology optimization problem of an L-shaped beam in two and three dimensions using material-void and material-material problem setups. Linear and hyperelastic materials are considered. The stress constraints are shown to be efficient in eliminating regions with high stress concentration in all scenarios considered.
The Norman Yoke—Feudal Law

In the Dissertation John Adams framed the history of the British Empire in terms of a continual struggle between republican liberty on the one hand and feudal and ecclesiastical tyranny symbolized by the two laws, canon and feudal, that William of Normandy imposed on the liberty-loving Saxons on the other. In emphasizing the tyrannical consequences of the union of spiritual and temporal power Adams was drawing on one of the great themes of seventeenth-century English constitutional history, the Norman Yoke . The English parliament’s claim to jurisdiction over the colonies was the eighteenth-century version of the yoke.
The isolation and properties of the dimeric subunit of concanavalin A.

Concanavalin A (Con A) was dissociated into dimeric and monomeric subunits by incubation at 37°C in acetate buffer of pH 3.8 containing 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The dimer was isolated in pure form by a density gradient ultracentrifugation method. Several properties of the dimer were determined including the formation of a precipitin with anti-Con A antibodies, the molecular weight, the lack of a binding site for glycogen, the lack of mitogenic activity for spleen lymphocytes, and the lack of inhibition by α-methyl d-glucoside. The latter findings differ from results reported by other investigators.
Crystal structure and physical properties of a ruthenium(II) bipyridine dimethylsulfoxide complex

The complex [Ru(bpy)2(DMSO)C1]PF6, where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine and DMSO is dimethylsulfoxide, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯ (#2) with a = 8.873 (2), b = 12.805 (4), c = 12.864 (4) A, α = 97.76(3), β = 106.45(2), γ = 107.88(2); Z = 2, and d calc = 1.75 mg/m3. The coordination geometry is that of a distorted octahedron with a cis −RuN4SCl arrangement of coordinating atoms. The four Ru—N distances to the bpy ligands are 2.082(5), 2.092(4), 2.044(4), and 2.078(5) A. The Ru—Cl distance is 2.421(2) A and the Ru—S distance to DMSO is 2.260(1) A. The Ru—N bond distance trans to Cl is the shortest; the Ru—N bond distance trans to S is the longest. The complex is oxidized and reduced reversibly at 1.13 and −1.37 V vs. SSCE, respectively. It displays electronic absorptions at 515, 480 (1.5 × 104), 342 (1.5 × 104), 292 (1.2 × 105), and 240 nm (6.2 × 104) and has a broad emission band centered at 607 nm at 77 K in a 4:1 ethanol/methanol glass. The emission lifetime at room temperature is less than the pulse width of the laser, τ < 20 ns.
Personal Ideals as Metaphors

What is it to have and act on a personal ideal? Someone who aspires to be a philosopher might imaginatively think ‘I am a philosopher’ by way of motivating herself to think hard about a philosophical question. But doing so seems to require her to act on an inaccurate self-description, given that she is not yet what she regards herself as being. J. David Velleman develops the thought that action-by-ideal involves a kind of fictional self-conception. My aim is to expand our thinking about personal ideals by developing another way of understanding them. On this view action-by-ideal involves a kind of metaphorical self-conception. I investigate some salient differences between these views with the aim of understanding the different perspectives they take on the rationality of action-by-ideal. Where the fiction view runs into problems of literary coherence, the metaphor view exploits the richness of poetic invention. But action-by-ideal is a complex phenomenon about which there may be no tidy story to be told. This paper is an attempt to clarify and understand more of this messy terrain.
Abstract 14930: Baseline Adverse Electrical Remodeling and the Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmia in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Recipients (MADIT CRT)

Introduction: Adverse electrical remodeling (AER), measured as the integral of the QRST segment (QRSTi) has been previously shown to be directly associated with the risk for ventricular arrhythmia ...
Age at menarche, time to regular cycling, and breast cancer (North Carolina, United States).

Objectives: Later menarche, and a longer time until onset of regular cycling, are considered markers of lower lifetime exposure to circulating ovarian hormones. While later age at menarche is associated with reduced breast cancer risk, evidence for the relationship between time until onset of regular cycles and breast cancer is inconsistent. We evaluated both associations with breast cancer risk.
Biological Microstructures in Biosensors

To construct ultrasensitive detection systems, biomolecules are being incorporated as recognition elements into devices called biosensors. The choice of the biomolecule, its method of incorporation into the system, and the mechanism of signal transduction determine the specificity, speed, and the sensitivity of the biosensor. However, the molecular nature of the microstructure at the interface and the events during analyte recognition and signal generation are poorly understood. The interaction of the microstructure at the surface of the device with a complex environment yields a signal. The biochemical and physical interactions of these biological microstructures at the solvent interface are of critical importance to the behavior of the biosensor, but are yet to be fully defined. Figure 1 outlines some of the issues relevant to understanding the behavior of molecular microstructures at the solid-liquid interface. This chapter provides a conceptual framework for understanding the molecular complexity of the microstructures which are responsible for biosensor function. Alteration of antibody kinetics caused by change from an equilibrium to a nonequilibrium system is used to exemplify how variation in a single physical parameter can drastically alter the behavior of the biomolecule.
Committed to the Law of the Sea: In Most Ways, Except for One - How the United States Helps to Preserve the International Maritime Order in East Asia, Even Though it has Not Yet Joined the Law of the Sea Convention

The international maritime order is governed by the law of the sea and reinforced by rules and principles that, if followed by the nations involved, can help to manage and reduce tensions in geographic areas around the world, including in the waters of East Asia. A significant portion of the law of the sea is codified in the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS or Law of the Sea Convention). One of the few nations of the world that is noticeably absent from the roll-call of state-parties to the Convention is the United States. This official absence might cause some observers to question whether the United States is truly committed to the rule-set reflected in the Convention.To the contrary, this chapter demonstrates that the United States is committed to the legal regime reflected in the Convention in most ways except for one (i.e., accession). First, this chapter acknowledges some of the significant ways in which the Convention contributes to the international maritime order. Second, it deconstructs the overall situation in the waters of East Asia, and show several ways how a rules-based approach with the Convention can help to improve some of the specific aspects of that situation. Third, it discusses the U.S. role in helping to preserve the international maritime order reflected in the Convention, notwithstanding its status as a non-party to the Convention.
Causal Attribution and Personal Responsibility for Health and Disease

(1983). Causal Attribution and Personal Responsibility for Health and Disease. Health Education: Vol. 14, Curricular Issues in High School Education, pp. 51-54.
Jewish Messianism and the History of Philosophy: The Meontological Conundrum: Emmanuel Levinas and Emil Fackenheim on the Athens–Jerusalem Conflict

Any argument that meontology can resolve the conflict between Athens and Jerusalem, between reason and revelation, must naturally begin with a survey of how this conflict is currently sedimented in philosophy. For even the two serious approaches to the conflict, both of which use the term “meontology” explicitly, contradict each other. I term the first of these two approaches critical . According to this type of thinking, whose representative here is Emmanuel Levinas, the faith that defines “Jerusalem” is not only a valid approach to answering the perennial questions raised by “Athens,” it is perhaps the best approach to these questions themselves. Levinas claims that “Athens” necessarily announces a realm beyond the order of being and the rationally necessary laws that constitute it; “Athens” commands faith. Levinas therefore appears as a philosopher in the Kantian spirit. Kant offered a critical inquiry into the nature of reason, showing that the a priori principles of reason limited the “pretensions to transcendent insight” of dogmatism and speculative metaphysics, and concluded that it was “necessary to deny knowledge in order to make room for faith.” While it is admittedly possible to overstate the overlap between Kant and Levinas, there is nothing that prohibits the reader from noting a family resemblance between Levinas and the Kantian methodologies. Both seek to hollow out a space within philosophy for faith through a limitation of philosophy's proper aegis. The other serious approach to the conflict is dialectical .
Comic Rhythms in Leonardo da Vinci

In a previous paper in this volume I related Leonardo da Vinci’s theory and practice of the comic narrative to his well-known drawing of the Five Grotesques Heads at Windsor. I showed that attempts to explain definitively the cause of its characters’ laughter are futile because we only have a portion of the whole; the drawing has been cut at the right. Faced with such an open condition, we must be satisfied with an open, generic reading. And so, what we find in the drawing are characters in increasing degrees of laughter, from slight smiles to guffaws, responding to a stimulus (lost) at the right. This ability to show stages of laughter and to engender laughter in the beholder was one of Leonardo’s goals.2
Opportunities in Bryophyte Photosynthesis Research

The synthesis of important concepts in bryophyte and early land plant photosynthesis provided by the authors in this volume compiles a foundation of knowledge for new and experienced scientists interested in the field. In this prospective chapter, we highlight some areas where additional research is needed.
Private Equity Ownership and Nursing Home Performance

Private equity has acquired multiple large nursing home chains within the last few years; by 2007, it owned six of the 10 largest chains. Critics allege that Private equity nursing homes compromise quality of care in pursuit of profits and have called for greater regulatory oversight. Using multiple secondary datasets like OSCAR, MDS and Medicare cost reports, this study examines the quality and financial performance of private equity nursing homes in Florida. Results suggest that private equity facilities deliver superior financial performance with little difference in quality compared to other investor owned nursing homes. Policy and managerial implications are discussed.
Rejecting Objectivity: Reflections of a Black Feminist Researcher Interviewing Black Women

“My dad was sixty-eight so it’s not like he was super young. He already had a few health issues but apparently, something failed, his stomach or something. It happened really quick. My brother call...
Dynamic marine viral infections and major contribution to photosynthetic processes shown by spatiotemporal picoplankton metatranscriptomes

Viruses provide top-down control on microbial communities, yet their direct study in natural environments was hindered by culture limitations. The advance of bioinformatics enables cultivation-independent study of viruses. Many studies assemble new viral genomes and study viral diversity using marker genes from free viruses. Here we use cellular metatranscriptomics to study active community-wide viral infections. Recruitment to viral contigs allows tracking infection dynamics over time and space. Our assemblies represent viral populations, but appear biased towards low diversity viral taxa. Tracking relatives of published T4-like cyanophages and pelagiphages reveals high genomic continuity. We determine potential hosts by matching dynamics of infection with abundance of particular microbial taxa. Finally, we quantify the relative contribution of cyanobacteria and viruses to photosystem-II psbA (reaction center) expression in our study sites. We show sometimes >50% of all cyanobacterial+viral psbA expression is of viral origin, highlighting the contribution of viruses to photosynthesis and oxygen production. Here, Sieradzki et al. use metatranscriptomics to study active community-wide viral infections at three coastal California sites throughout a year, identify potential viral hosts, and show that viruses can contribute a substantial amount to photosystem-II psbA expression.
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on computed tomography in patients with inflammatory bowel disease visiting an emergency department.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to further examine the prevalence of NAFLD in IBD patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of IBD patients who visited the emergency department because of abdominal pain between January 2009 and December 2014. These were compared with a group of 70 controls without IBD, matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Computed tomography data were analyzed for the presence or absence of hepatic steatosis. Patient with recent steroid or excessive alcohol use were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results NAFLD prevalence was 44% (31/70) in the IBD group vs. 16% (11/70) in controls (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, sex distribution, BMI, presence of diabetes, or levels of serum transaminases, serum albumin or platelets. In multivariate analysis, the presence of IBD was independently associated with NAFLD (odds ratio 4.53, 95% confidence interval 2.00-10.26; P=0.002). Conclusions The presence of IBD is strongly and independently associated with NAFLD. Systemic inflammation and alteration of the intestinal microbiome have been proposed as mechanisms, but further studies are needed to better elucidate the pathophysiology.
Controlled Drinking: A Proposed Model for Increasing Counselor Competency Using an Ethical Framework

Professionals and researchers in the alcoholism treatment field have been considering the appropriateness of “controlled drinking” (CD) strategies for the past three decades. Despite the current emphasis on a treatment-matching model, the use of CD as a treatment approach has been highly controversial. Consequently, professionals may be disinclined to use CD as a treatment option. This article reviews CD from an ethical perspective and suggests a model that may clarify decision-making concerning the use of CD strategies.
County-level Variation in Use of Surgery and Cancer-specific Survival for Stage I-II Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to describe county-level variation in use of surgery for stage I-II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the association between county surgery rates and cancer-specific survival (CSS). BACKGROUND The degree of small geographic area variation in use of surgery for stage I-II PDAC and the association between area surgery rates and CSS remain incompletely defined. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 18 to 80 years in the 2007 to 2015 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with stage I-II PDAC without contraindications to surgery or refusal. Multilevel models were used to characterize county-level variation in use of surgery and CSS. County-specific risk- and reliability-adjusted surgery rates and CSS rates were calculated. RESULTS Of 18,100 patients living in 581 counties, 10,944 (60.5%) underwent surgery. Adjusted county-specific surgery rates varied 1.5-fold from 49.9% to 74.6%. Median CSS increased in a graded fashion from 13 months [interquartile range (IQR) 13-14] in counties with surgery rates of 49.9% to 56.9% to 18 months (IQR 17-19) in counties with surgery rates of 68.0% to 74.6%. Results were similar in multivariable analyses. Adjusted county 18-month CSS rates varied 1.6-fold from 32.7% to 53.7%. Adjusted county surgery and 18-month CSS rates were correlated (r = 0.54; P < 0.001) and county surgery rates explained approximately half of county-level variation in CSS. Only 18 (3.1%) counties had adjusted surgery rates of 68.0% to 74.6%, which was associated with the longest CSS. CONCLUSIONS County-specific rates of surgery varied substantially, and patients living in areas with higher surgery rates lived longer. These data suggest that increasing use of surgery in stage I-II PDAC could lead to improvements in survival.
Stability of Wide-Area Power System Controls With Intermittent Information Transmission

This paper investigates the stability problem of wide-area damping controllers with intermittent information transmission. Due to the interruption in communication links between remote measurements and damping controller or from the damping controller to the damping actuators, the closed-loop system might become unstable. The instability is strongly related to the duration of interruption of information transmission. To estimate instability, this paper formulates the problem as continuous/discrete-time switched system and the stability conditions are derived using time-scale theory. This method allows us to handle continuous and discrete dynamics as two pieces of the same framework, such that the system will switch between a continuous-time subsystem (when the communication occurs without any interruption) and a discrete-time subsystem (when the communication fails). The contribution is to estimate the maximum allowable value of the time of interruption of information transmission that does not violate the exponential stability of the closed-loop system. The findings are useful in specifying the minimum requirements for communication infrastructure and the time to activate remedial action schemes. Simulations are performed based on both linear and nonlinear systems to validate the theoretical development.
COLA (Conferences On-Line Allergy) at 10 Years — Evolution of an Online Fellowship Curriculum

Online learning has been present since the early days of the Internet. As with any new technology, users look to make their life easier and to save time. Experts in medical education are no different than other users. They want to adapt new technologies to their fullest. Medical educators have been challenged with keeping education interesting and up to date, while maximizing their resources. The challenges with any online educational program include being able to reach large numbers of learners, having content that is relevant and timely, and having it available thorough many different formats to suit the user. There are many examples of online learning programs in all fields of medicine and many specific to Allergy/Immunology. In this review, we describe a form of real-time videoconferencing referred to as Conferences On-Line Allergy (COLA), which was developed at Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics. This program, which started as a once a month webinar, has transformed into a well-known curriculum used by many Allergy/Immunology training programs across the United States. It provides not only live interactive conferences but also a library of recorded lectures and workshops that can be used at the learner's convenience. Taking advantage of the generosity of many volunteer presenters, it allows sharing of resources and provides benefits to the Allergy/Immunology community.
Extrachromosomal Gene Systems in Streptococcus Mutans

Bacterial extrachromosomal elements (plasmids) are autonomously replicating molecules of covalently closed circular (CCC) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The occurrence of plasmids in some species of streptococci has been well documented, and such plasmid-conferred phenotypes include multiple antibiotic resistance (1), bacteriocin and hemolysin production (2), conjugal donor ability (3), and the catabolism of protein and carbohydrates (4). Moreover, certain streptococcal plasmids are known to contain directly repeated DNA sequences which are capable of mediating selective gene amplification, presumably through a series of site-specific recombinational events (5). The rationale for study of bacterial plasmids has centered largely on their clinical and ecological significance. However, much recent effort in plasmid research has revolved around their use as genetic tools for the cloning and amplification of both homologous and heterologous genetic information (6).
Circadian Network Interactions with Jasmonate Signaling and Defense

Plants experience specific stresses at particular, but predictable, times of the day. The circadian clock is a molecular oscillator that increases plant survival by timing internal processes to optimally match these environmental challenges. Clock regulation of jasmonic acid (JA) action is important for effective defenses against fungal pathogens and generalist herbivores in multiple plant species. Endogenous JA levels are rhythmic and under clock control with peak JA abundance during the day, a time when plants are more likely to experience certain types of biotic stresses. The expression of many JA biosynthesis, signaling, and response genes is transcriptionally controlled by the clock and timed through direct connections with core clock proteins. For example, the promoter of Arabidopsis transcription factor MYC2, a master regulator for JA signaling, is directly bound by the clock evening complex (EC) to negatively affect JA processes, including leaf senescence, at the end of the day. Also, tobacco ZEITLUPE, a circadian photoreceptor, binds directly to JAZ proteins and stimulates their degradation with resulting effects on JA root-based defenses. Collectively, a model where JA processes are embedded within the circadian network at multiple levels is emerging, and these connections to the circadian network suggest multiple avenues for future research.
How to build a graph in n days: Some variations of graph assembly

Abstract In a recent article by Bona and Vince, the authors studied the concept of an assembly tree for a graph motivated by the way that macromolecules assemble. Assembly trees act as record keeping devices for the construction of a given graph from its vertices. In the original article, graphs were to be assembled following an edge gluing rule for the vertices. In this paper, we first define and enumerate assembly trees that are constructed using a connected gluing rule. Following this, we examine how introducing a notion of time to assembly trees changes how they are counted using both gluing rules.
Financial toxicity and patient-reported outcomes over time: A longitudinal study of women with recurrent ovarian cancer.

6079Background: The chronic nature of treatment for ovarian cancer (OC) can place women at increased risk of financial toxicity (FT) from ongoing direct and indirect costs coupled with potential lo...
Polymorphisms of RecQ1, RAD54L, ATM and XRCC1 genes and prognosis of pancreatic cancer

1214 Genetic variation in DNA repair genes may affect the clinical response to cytotoxic therapies in cancer patients and elucidating such associations will provide valuable information towards genomically tailored medicine. The overall goal of our study is to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in genes involved in DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR), base excision repair (BER) and DNA damage response influence clinical outcome of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We evaluated 15 SNPs of 10 genes involved in HRR (RecQ1, RAD54L, XRCC2, XRCC3), BER (XRCC1, POLB, LIG3, LIG4, APEX1) and DNA damage response gene ATM using the MassCode and PCR-RFLP methods in a series of 92 patients with resectable or potentially resectable tumors and were treated with neoadjuvant concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy with or without a component of induction gemcitabine/cisplatin at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center during February 1999 to August 2004 and followed up to Oct. 2005. Response to the pretreatment was assessed by evaluating time to tumor progression and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test and Cox regression were used to compare survival of patients according to genotype. Sixty-two of the patients responded to the pretreatment and received curative surgery. There are 57 deaths (62%) up to date. The RecQ1 A159C, RAD54L C157T, XRCC1 R194W, and ATM T-77C genotypes had a significant effect on the overall survival with a log rank P values of 0.001, 0.004, 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. The strongest genetic effect on survival was observed for the RecQ1 A159C, with median survival time of 18.9 and 13.1 months for the AC and CC genotypes, respectively, compared with a mean survival time of 46.9 months for the AA wild-type. At the end of the study, about 62% of the AA genotype carriers were still alive, compared with 25% of the AC and 26% of the CC genotype carriers. A strong gene-dosage effect of the four genotypes was observed. Patients with none of the adverse genotypes had a mean survival time of 62.1 months, and those with 1, 2, or ≥3 at-risk alleles had median survival times of 27.5, 14.4, and 9.9 months, respectively (P
District support of alternative permit teachers for increasing efficacy and retention

With a rise of alternative permit (AltPermit) teachers coming to education, many have little to no preparation or self-efficacy for the demands needed to support all learners. Low teacher efficacy ...
Effective hemostasis in children with Von Willebrand factor defects undergoing adenotonsillar procedures.

Children with low von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity or type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) have increased risk of bleeding after adenotonsillar procedures and the optimal perioperative managemen...
According to John 8, Did Abraham in His Lifetime See Jesus?

Undoubtedly the best-known claim to deity ascribed to Jesus in the New Testament is John 8:58. However, this chapter argues that the Johannine Jesus made two earlier claims to deity in the same pericope which have gone almost unrecognized in contemporary scholarship but which significantly affect the exegesis of the pericope as a whole and inform the background of John 8:58. These claims are found in John 8:40 and 8:56, where Jesus asserts not merely preexistence as Abraham’s contemporary but, in view of their Hebrew Bible allusions, to be among the three “men” who comprised Yahweh’s theophany to Abraham. Our understanding of these verses is fully in line with the Hebrew Bible interpretive schema of the ante-Nicene Church Fathers, especially Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Tertullian, whereby the “angel of Yahweh” theophanies always included or specifically designated the pre-incarnate Logos. This chapter’s thesis will hopefully prompt Johannine scholarship to investigate the Evangelist’s theology of the Angel of Yahweh and to reexplore the trajectory of angelomorphic Christology in earliest Christianity.
Classifying connectivity to guide aquatic habitat management in an arctic coastal plain watershed experiencing land use and climate change

Habitat connectivity supports life history requirements of many arctic fish species during periods of flowing water. However, aquatic habitat connectivity is susceptible to change due to climate fa...
Simulation and Thermal Fatigue Analysis for Board Level BGA Connection of HTCC Packaging

In this paper, four kinds of 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model for a particular size of HTCC packaging (23mm×15mm) were simplified and described in depth study of thermodynamic behavior for solder ball joint under alternating temperature load. There were four kinds of solder balls taken into our consideration, namely, 0.45mm diameters Sn63Pb37 tin lead solder ball, 0.6mm diameters Sn63Pb37 tin lead solder ball, 0.45mm diameters Sn10Pb90 high lead solder ball and 0.6mm diameters Sn10Pb90 high lead solder ball. From our study, the use of Sn10Pb90 high lead solder ball can obviously reduce the max principle stress of HTCC substrate under BGA solder adjacent areas, meanwhile, improving the thermal fatigue life of solder ball. In our research, in order to meet the requirements of air sealing, metal frame structures were soldered to the HTCC substrate, from which the extra added weights also cause adverse effects upon solder ball joints, leading to high internal thermal strain/stress and low thermal fatigue life.
The Long-Term Effects of AfricaAS Slave Trades

Can part of Africa's current underdevelopment be explained by its slave trades? To explore this question, I use data from shipping records and historical documents reporting slave ethnicities to construct estimates of the number of slaves exported from each country during Africa's slave trades. I find a robust negative relationship between the number of slaves exported from a country and current economic performance. To better understand if the relationship is causal, I examine the historical evidence on selection into the slave trades, and use instrumental variables. Together the evidence suggests that the slave trades have had an adverse effect on economic development.
Exposure to Campus Messages about Dating and Sexual Violence: A Latent Class Analysis.

This study investigates college students’ exposure to messages about campus dating and sexual violence (DSV) to discover classes of students based on the message source. Latent class analysis was p...
‘Minerals in Winter’: Robert Wittie’s Cold Treatment

This chapter draws from a range of texts invested in the effects of cold contact, chiefly Wittie’s Scarbrough Spaw. While he is persuasive in his defence of a salubrious north, Wittie’s most notable accomplishment, Duckert argues, is in situating the spa-going human subject in wider global–local waters, collapsing hydro-spatial distance by eliminating the separation between embodiment and environment. Springs, he says, originate from rain and snow entering secret passages in the earth, ‘which are like unto small fibres of veins, not discernible by the eye, terminating in the skin in all the parts of our bodies’. Returning to this spa-derived macro-microcosmic model, Duckert believes, can reinsert us in the precarious water cycles of today’s cryosphere, calling our attention to its porous bodies most at risk.
Teaching Strategies Considering Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Design Curriculum

In order to prepare Industrial Design students for the realities of practice, it is essential they learn to collaborate with other disciplines as well as communicate and analyze context and information in various professional languages. This paper explains the theory and outlook shaping ID teaching methods, using some examples (research and design projects) from the ID program at Virginia Tech. Through these projects, we show the tools and means designed based on interdisciplinary approaches in teaching and also discuss their direct and indirect results. These examples include topics in healthcare design, public health, and user interaction design and evaluation; in collaboration with other academic fields and sectors, industry professionals, nonprofit organizations (or teams), with a community-based participatory approach. Within this study, we describe the process of investigating, practicing, and evaluating non-traditional teaching strategies to expose the students to experiential learning with a focus on an interdisciplinary professional environment.
Forkhead Box Protein P3 (FOXP3) Represses ATF3 Transcriptional Activity

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a transcription factor and acute stress sensor, is rapidly induced by a variety of pathophysiological signals and is essential in the complex processes in cellular stress response. FOXP3, a well-known breast and prostate tumor suppressor from the X chromosome, is a novel transcriptional repressor for several oncogenes. However, it remains unknown whether ATF3 is the target protein of FOXP3. Herein, we demonstrate that ATF3 expression is regulated by FOXP3. Firstly, we observed that overexpression of FOXP3 reduced ATF3 protein level. Moreover, knockdown FOXP3 by siRNA increased ATF3 expression. Secondly, FOXP3 dose-dependently reduced ATF3 promoter activity in the luciferase reporter assay. Since FOXP3 is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), we next investigated whether PTMs affect FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. Interestingly, we observed that phosphorylation mutation on FOXP3 (Y342F) significantly abolished FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. However, other PTM mutations on FOXP3, including S418 phosphorylation, K263 acetylation and ubiquitination, and K268 acetylation and ubiquitination, did not alter FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. Finally, the FOXP3 binding site was found on ATF3 promoter region by deletion and mutagenesis analysis. Taken together, our results suggest that FOXP3 functions as a novel regulator of ATF3 and that this novel event may be involved in tumor development and progression.
Vascular causes of stroke in children.

Childhood stroke is being increasingly recognized and is an important cause of long-term disability and morbidity. This review focuses on the vascular causes of ischemic stroke, which are common in children and may form up to two thirds to three quarters of all ischemic strokes. Vascular causes often result in recurrence and hence are important from the point of view of prognosis. Cervicocephalic dissection is an important cause especially in boys and results from extravasation of blood into the layers of the blood vessel. Moyamoya syndrome is well recognized in all parts of the world and is diagnosed by the characteristic radiographic picture. Migraine associated stroke, radiation vasculopathy and fibromuscular dysplasia will also be discussed. Stroke in children occurs after varicella zoster infection due to focal narrowing of vessels causing a focal vasculopathy. Transient cerebral vasculopathy appears radiographically similar but may have other etiologies.
Gender Justice and its Critics

Four years ago, two essays that I authored on school desegregation were published at approximately the same time. The first argued that one must consider community desires as well as legal principle when fashioning a desegregation remedy.' The other criticized the Reagan Department of Justice for misinterpreting Supreme Court doctrine in this area.2 A short time after each piece was published, I confronted one of the harsh realities of working on such a highly charged topic: People not only care, they take it personally. Acquaintances on both extremes of the political spectrum shunned me. While liberals thought my "community desires" article validated racism, conservatives considered my Justice Department piece an overt attack on the administration. David Kirp, Mark Yudof, and Marlene Strong Franks, the authors of Gender Justice, are probably undergoing a similar experience. Over the past two years, their book has been harshly criticized by reviewers in the Georgetown Law Journal,3 the Yale Law Journal,4 the Texas Law
Boulder Conference (1949)

Keywords: practice in clinical psychology; scientist-practitioner model; Shakow, David; research; training
Pitfalls in screening for camalexin-deficient mutants: effects of kinetics, pathogen choice and inoculum concentration on apparent camalexin accumulation in wild-type (Columbia) and pad2 Arabidopsis

Abstract Putative camalexin-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype), identified through analysis of camalexin in drop diffusates after inoculation with Cochliobolus carbonum (incompatible fungal pathogen), were not camalexin-deficient in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ( Psm ES4326, compatible bacterial pathogen). One pad ( p hyto a lexin- d eficient) mutant, identified in a screen using Psm ES4326, appeared to produce wild-type amounts of camalexin in response to C. carbonum . Camalexin accumulation was compared in wild-type and pad2 Arabidopsis inoculated with C. carbonum or Psm ES4326 to determine if the plants responded differently to the two pathogens. The pad2 mutant accumulated similar amounts of camalexin (10–25% of wild-type), with similar kinetics of accumulation, in response to both pathogens. Wild-type plants tended to accumulate camalexin more rapidly, although in slightly lower amounts, in response to C. carbonum than in response to Psm ES4326. However, these trends were not invariable, and these results provided possible explanations for some of the initially-observed discrepancies in response to the two pathogens. The kinetics of accumulation in wild-type, and the amounts accumulated, could vary such that wild-type produced less camalexin than pad2 at 24 h post-inoculation. The relative distribution of camalexin between leaf tissue and drop diffusates was notably different at spore concentrations of 10 5 and 10 6 spores per ml, although the total amount of camalexin produced was similar at both spore concentrations. Comparisons of camalexin accumulation in plants inoculated with C. carbonum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain D20 (incompatible pathogen) revealed no camalexin in Pss -inoculated plants, although sample sizes were adequate for detecting camalexin in Psm -inoculated plants. These studies demonstrate that identification of mutants deficient in a phytoalexin (a useful tool for studying the role of phytoalexins in disease resistance) requires consideration of phytoalexin accumulation kinetics, inoculum concentration, relative distribution of phytoalexin in leaves and spore droplet diffusates, and type of pathogen.
Free Cholesterol Loading of Macrophages Stimulates Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis and Up-Regulation of CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase

Atheroma macrophages accumulate large amounts of free cholesterol (FC) as well as cholesteryl ester (CE). An important adaptive response to FC loading might be increased cellular phospholipid to accommodate the excess FC. To explore this idea, J774 macrophages were incubated for 48 h without lipid, with acetyl-low density lipoprotein to induce mostly CE loading, or with acetyl-low density lipoprotein plus an acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor (58035) to induce marked FC loading. The total phospholipid content approximately doubled in FC-loaded versus control or CE-loaded macrophages, with phosphatidylcholine showing the largest increase (approximately 2.5-fold versus control). Electron micrographs revealed the presence of multiple intracellular membrane whorls in the FC-loaded macrophages but not in the control or CE-loaded macrophages. [3H]Choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine was also greater in FC-loaded macrophages versus control or CE-loaded macrophages, whereas [3H]phosphatidylcholine degradation was similar in all of the macrophages. In these experiments and in others that used non-lipoprotein cholesterol, there was a very close correlation between cellular FC content and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. To determine the mechanism of increased phosphatidylcholine synthesis, FC-loaded and CE-loaded macrophages were pulsed with [3H]choline, then chased and assayed for labeled phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic precursors. The only major differences were a 2-fold greater disappearance of label from [3H]choline phosphate and a 5-fold greater appearance of label in CDP-[3H]choline in the FC-loaded macrophages. These data suggest a stimulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT), which was confirmed by microsomal CT assays. Further studies revealed that the increase in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in FC-loaded macrophages was: (a) reversible under conditions of high density lipoprotein3-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux; (b) not blocked by cycloheximide-induced protein synthesis inhibition; and (c) not associated with increased CT mRNA levels. Thus, FC loading of macrophages leads to an increase in phosphatidylcholine mass which is caused by increased phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. The mechanism appears to be FC-mediated post-translational activation of CT. This adaptive response may be important for atheroma macrophage survival, and disruption of the response may lead to macrophage necrosis and lesion progression.