cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE DEVELOPING HEN'S EGG.

A. The catalytic activity of the tissues of newly born and adult rabbits. 1. There is practically no difference between the catalytic power of the blood, brain or muscle of newly born and adult rabbits. 2. The kidneys and lungs are less active in the newly born, but increase rapidly during the first days of life. 3. The liver is more active in the newly born than in the adult rabbit. B. The catalytic activity of the developing hen's egg. 1. The entire fresh egg has a slight but definite catalytic power which remains practically constant even though the egg be kept for several months at room temperature. 2. The separate parts of the egg, germinal center, yolk and white have practically no activity when tested individually. 3. The entire unfertilized egg shows no catalytic activity even after incubation at 38° C. for twenty-one days. 4. The germinal portion of the incubated fertilized egg rapidly acquires the power of decomposing hydrogen peroxide, while the yolk and white together or separately show no such increase, nor is there any activity to be found in the amniotic fluid. 5. It seems, therefore, that the catalytic power of the developing egg is formed from the contents of the egg which themselves show little action, by the developing germinal portion, independent of all external influences except heat (38° C.) and air.
Circular Dichroism and Birefringence in Unconventional Superconductors

We present a theoretical analysis of circular dichroism and birefringe in unconventional BCS superconductors with appropriate broken symmetries. We show that for the effect to exist, that in addition to broken time-reversal and two-dimensional parity symmetries, it is necessary to take into account the weak particle-hole asymmetry of the low-energy excitations of the metallic state. Circular dichroism and birefringence are shown to arise from the order parameter collective mode response of the superconductor; in the clean limit the contribution to the current response from the single-particle excitations does not give rise to circular dichroism or birefringence, even with particle-hole asymmetry. The magnitude of the circular dichroism is found to be small for the classes of superconductors which are thought to be likely candidates to exhibit the requisite broken symmetries, namely the heavy fermions and oxide superconductors. The order of magnitude of the elliptical polarization of a linearly polarized incident wave is Vf/c(ζ/λL) (Δ/Ef) ln(Ef/Δ), which is roughly 10−7−10−8 rad at frequencies of order the gap, and decreases at least as fast as (2Δ/ω)2 at higher frequencies.
Increased trend in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use by adults in the United States since 2007

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly studied as a life support modality, but it is unclear if its use has changed over time. Recent publication shows no significant trend in use of ECMO over time; however, this report does not include more recent data. We performed trend analysis to determine if and when the use of ECMO changed in the past decade. We identified hospitalizations (2000–2011) in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample during which ECMO was recorded. We used a segmented linear regression model to determine trend and to identify a temporal change point when rate of ECMO use increased. ECMO use gradually grew until 2007, at which time there was a dramatic increase in the rate (p = 0.0003). There was no difference in mortality after 2007 (p = 0.3374), but there was longer length of stay (p = 0.0001) and smaller percentage of women (p = 0.005). There has been a marked increase in ECMO use since 2007. As ECMO use becomes more common, further study regarding indications, cost-effectiveness, and outcomes is warranted to guide optimal use.
HABITAT OF BIRDS IN PONDEROSA PINE AND ASPEN/BIRCH FOREST IN THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA

Birds with both eastern and western distributions occur in the Black Hills of western South Dakota. This forest is mostly ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and is managed for timber. Logging alters forest characteristics and the bird community. We studied habitat relations of breeding songbirds at the stand- and site-level scales in ponderosa pine and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)/paper birch (Betula papyrifera) forest. Sixty bird species were observed ≤50 m from count points. Species richness was greater in aspen/birch than in ponderosa pine. Species richness was generally lower in ponderosa pine with >40% overstory canopy cover (OCC) than in ponderosa pine with ≤40% OCC and than aspen/birch of any structural stage. Seven bird species were associated with the ponderosa pine, while four species were associated with aspen/birch. Bird associations at the stand-level were further refined by OCC and diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) structural stage of each forest type. Habitats for most birds in the Black Hills can be managed using current forest inventory descriptions that include OCC and DBH. However, Red-naped Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis), Red-breasted Nuthatches (Sitta canadensis), White-breasted Nuthatches (S. carolinensis), Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus), and Western Tanagers (Piranga ludoviciana) were strongly associated with site-level vegetation characteristics. Snag density, snag condition, and deciduous trees beneath the ponderosa pine canopy should be included in forest inventories to better quantify habitats for these birds.
Interaction between loop of Henle flow and arterial pressure as determinants of glomerular pressure

Experiments were performed in anesthetized rats to study the relationship between loop of Henle perfusion rate, arterial pressure, and stop-flow pressure (SFP) as an index of glomerular capillary pressure. In one set of experiments we measured the SFP feedback response to changes in loop perfusion at three levels of arterial pressure. The maximum SFP response fell significantly from 13.1 +/- 1.44 to 8.14 +/- 1.72 and 3.13 +/- 0.76 mmHg when arterial pressure was reduced from 118.1 +/- 1.27 to 98.8 +/- 0.51 and 78.8 +/- 1.72 mmHg. In other experiments arterial pressure was altered while loop perfusion rate was fixed at one of three levels. Without loop perfusion SFP changed with a slope of 0.27 +/- 0.04 mmHg/mmHg in the arterial pressure range between 80 and 130 mmHg. During perfusion at the flow rate at which response is half maximum, the slope was significantly reduced to 0.12 +/- 0.04. During perfusion at 45 nl/min, it was 0.03 +/- 0.05, a value not significantly different from zero. During dopamine administration (70 micrograms/kg min) SFP was pressure-dependent even during loop perfusion at 45 nl/min. These results show that arterial pressure determines TGF responsiveness and that the TGF signal determines the range of a regulatory input that is directly dependent on arterial pressure.
Relationship between intracellular pH and tension development in resting ventricular muscle and myocytes.

Simultaneous measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) and tension development were made in resting cat papillary muscles and resting ventricular myocytes (cat, guinea pig). pH microelectrodes and the...
Chapter 7 The generation and utilization of antibody variable region diversity

Publisher Summary It is now well established that the vertebrate immune system is capable of synthesizing an enormous number of distinct antibody variable region structures. In recent years the genetic basis for this ability in the mouse has been elucidated. Diversity of the V region arises from four sources: (a) diversity encoded directly in the germ-line genome in the form of V region heterogeneous multigene families; (b) diversity created by the somatic rearrangement of different combinations of gene segments to form functional V region genes, and the association of different V, and V, polypeptides to form the heterodimeric V domain (combinatorial diversity); (c) diversity created at the junctions of V gene segments due to apparent addition and deletion of nucleotides during segment joining (junctional diversity); and, finally, (d) diversity created by somatic replacement of nucleotides in expressed V, and V, genes (somatic mutation). What now remains to be determined is the manner in which this potential for generating diversity is utilized toward the formation of antibody specificity and immunity. This chapter reviews the genetic mechanisms that create diversity and discusses recent experiments that provide insights into the question of how this diversity is utilized during an immune response.
Precipitation and Redissolution of Sulfonates and Their Role in Adsorption on Minerals

The interaction of inorganic species, such as those of calcium and aluminum that are normally present in reservoir fluids, with surfactants is found to produce precipitation of the surfactants followed by their redissolution above the critical micelle concentration. A maximum is often observed in the adsorption isotherm of surfactants on reservoir rocks. The contribution of the surfactant precipitation/dissolution phenomenon to the occurrence of adsorption maximum has been investigated in this study using the kaolinite/sulfonate system. The magnitude of the adsorption maximum is found to be minimized when the precipitation/redissolution of the surfactant is taken into account, suggesting the important role of the latter phenomenon in determining the apparent adsorption.
Inhibition of Pheromone Perception by Male Cabbage Loopers and Beet Armyworms: Proximity vs. Atmospheric Permeation

( Z,E )-9,l2-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ( Z,E -9,12-TDDA), ( Z )-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ( Z -9-TDA), and ( Z )-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ( Z -9-DDA) significantly reduced captures of ♂ Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) when these compounds were evaporated separately in the same trap with T. ni sex pheromone, ( Z )-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. However, when the same compounds were present throughout a small area (81 m2) as a background odor, catches of T. ni males in pheromone traps were not affected. The situation was different with Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Catches in traps were reduced significantly when Z -9-DDA and Z -9-TDA were evaporated from female-baited pheromone traps and when they were evaporated into the atmosphere surrounding traps. Z,E -9,12-TDDA was also effective in disrupting orientation of S. exigua males to females when it was evaporated into the atmosphere. The reasons for the differences in results obtained with T. ni in the 2 (trapping and atmospheric permeation) tests are obscure.
Mechanics of Gels

The response of wet gels to applied stresses is discussed, with emphasis on the role of flow of the pore liquid. Even when the network of the gel is purely elastic, the gel exhibits time-dependent behavior that resembles viscoelasticity, which results from fluid flow. The permeability of the gel can be determined from measurement of this time-dependence. Fluid flow also influences the thermal expansion behavior of gels, and can cause severe stresses to develop during supercritical drying, if the autoclave is heated too rapidly.
Double-charge-exchange and inelastic scattering in π−+3He

Abstract The reactions π − + 3 He→ + +3n and π − + 3 He→ − + 3 He were studied to investigate the T= 3 2 three-nucleon system. The differential cross sections were measured at scattering angles from 20 to 40 degrees. The secondary pion was momentum analyzed in a magnetostrictive-readout wire-chamber spectrometer. The double-charge-exchange reaction yielded a secondary pion energy distribution, the features of which can be due to either a T= 3 2 three-nucleon resonance or a resonace of the nucleons in the 3 He nucleus. The inelasticc scaterring reaction yielded a secondary pion energy distribution peaked near threshold, consistent with resonances in both the T= 3 2 and T= 1 2 three-nucleon systems.
Isolation and Stabilization of a Pheromone in Crystalline Molecular Capsules

The active monomer form of the male-produced pheromone of the Mediterranean fruit fly can be isolated selectively from its equilibrating trimer species by encapsulation within a calixarene pocket built into a hydrogen-bonded framework from guanidinium 4-sulfocalix[4]arene. Encapsulation of the Δ1-pyrroline guest significantly perturbs the assembly of the quasihexagonal two-dimensional guanidinium-sulfonate network of the guest-free framework, to the extent that guanidinium ions are excluded from some sites to accommodate the steric requirements of the guest. Nonetheless, single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the preservation of a layered structrure in which the calixarene capsules stack in an antiparallel configuration. These observations illustrate that the binding of the pheromone monomer by the calixarene is sufficiently strong to overcome the loss of guanidinium-sulfonate hydrogen bonds, which is corroborated by the strong binding constants measured in solution. The solid-state encapsulation stabil...
357 Comparative Effects of the Drugs Used for Pulmonary Hypertension Reversibility Testing: A Meta-Analysis

pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 2, catalyzing the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and thus regulating the flux of pyruvate into the mitochondria, were investigated during SMC proliferation and the development of human IH. Methods and Materials: A novel human intimal hyperplasia (IH) model was established in which balloon-injured human internal mammary arteries (hMA) were transplanted into the abdominal aortic position of nude rats. Results: IH rapidly developed over 21 days and was morphologically and in immunohistochemistry identical to the neointima of human coronary arteries. Over 21 days, we found increased proliferative and decreased apoptotic activity within the IH lesion and luminal obliteration progressed to approx. 60%. Tissue PDK2 expression was significantly elevated and PDH was inhibited.PDGF was markedly elevated in the animal serum during neointima formation. Activation of SMC in vitro with PDGF caused increased PDK2 activity via both PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/Erkpathways. We observed an increase of the mitochondrial membrane potential ( m), a decreased release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), as well as enhanced cell proliferation. PDK2 inhibition using dichloroacetate(DCA) or PDK2 shRNA prevented PDGF-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization and SMC proliferation.In vivo, oral DCAtreatment of rats or pre-implant PDK2 shRNA-transduction of the hMAs prevented the injuryinduced increase of SMC proliferation and significantly decreased IH development. Conclusions: PDK2 is the link between PDGF downstream pathways and mitochondrial metabolic modulation and its activation facilitates SMC proliferation. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of PDK2 in SMC attenuates PDGF-induced increase in m, cell proliferation and the development of human IH. PDK2 may be a novel target for the prevention of restenosis.
"It was a Long Way from Perfect, but it was Working": The Canning and Home Production Initiatives in Greene County, Georgia, 1940-1942 .

During the early 1940s Greene County, Georgia's, Unified Farm Program, a model undertaking coordinating the efforts of federal, state, and local agencies, attracted national attention, largely through the work of sociologist Arthur Raper. At the core of the program was the effort to raise the standard of living for the county's rural poor through increasing home-farm production and improving diet. The initiative entailed active intervention by Farm Security Administration farm and home supervisors and illustrates the tension between the desire to promote independence among poor farmers and the impulse to closely supervise and monitor them. This treatment contributes to the discussion of modernism during the late rural New Deal.
Pathogenic Elements and Pathogenic Units:A Novel Pathogenic Explanation in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)

OBJECTIVE To reveal how eminent physicians decide pathogenesis in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and to establish a novel TCM theory and methodology based on pathogenic elements and pathogenic units.METHODS Computer information technology,databases and statistic software were used to scrub and mine the data in the vast medical records of a famous TCM physician to reveal his thinking procedure and model of pathogenesis determination,and then to propose the way to determine pathogenesis in TCM in general.RESULTS Pathogenic element(PE),the smallest element of pathogenesis,and pathogenic unit(PU),the smallest functional unit of pathogenesis,were proposed through the study of Professor ZHOU Zhong-ying's theory on pathogenesis and vast medical records.Sixty-three PEs were obtained from 6,843 medical records with data mining and generalized dictionary model,representing nearly 90% of the pathogenic information in the medical records.CONCLUSIONS One of the features of TCM pathogenesis is to summarize complicated conditions with simple rules.PEs in limited number are the smallest elements in pathogenesis.PUs are the basic functional units of pathogenesis,consisting either of a single PE or of several nonlinearly-formed PEs.This pathogenic theory with PEs,PUs,single pathogenesis and complex pathogenesis as its major line originates from the classic Huangdi Neijing,but is the development of the theory described in the book,and it is the distillation of Professor Zhou Zhong-ying's theory on pathogenesis determination.
Design optimize and performance evaluation in ultra accurate system design by simulation

Nowadays, to achieve better performance, some "smart device" needs an ultra accurate analog signal source to trim/calibrate its internal circuit during mass production which is very challenging for current ATE vendors. To design such a highly accurate signal source, it requires lots of engineering time especially in system architecture optimization, system noise estimation and performance evaluation. This paper will introduce a new methodology to accomplish those tasks. With this method, an highly accurate AC source was designed and tested. The testing results of the signal performance and system noise matches simulation results.
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in the Short Stay Management of Atrial Fibrillation

The use of implantable cardiac devices continues to increase in atrial fibrillation patients. The potential roles for these devices can include defibrillation, pacing, resynchronization, and physiologic monitoring. While referral for implantable devices generally occurs in the outpatient setting, an acute care encounter may provide an opportunity for recognition of a patient with an appropriate indication for a device. Therefore, we briefly discuss the indications for an implantable cardiac device in atrial fibrillation patients, so as to facilitate recognition and potential referral. We will also discuss the data elements that can potentially be obtained from cardiac devices, as well as how this data can potentially aid in the diagnosis and treatment of acute atrial fibrillation.
Fair Play for Cuba Committee

The Fair Play for Cuba Committee (fpcc) challenged the cold war orthodoxy that divided the world into two blocs, fpcc members agreed that Cubans had the right to choose their own government after sixty years of U.S. domination and saw Castro as a genuine revolutionary, not a Soviet puppet. When the cia staged an invasion in April 1961, the Free’s African American members published an advertisement in the New York Post. Signers included the eminent intellectual W. E. B. Du Bois and many key figures of the 1960s, such as the writers LeRoi Jones (later Amiri Baraka), Harold Cruse, John Henrik Clarke, and Maya Angelou, as well as Robert F. Williams, an naacp leader in North Carolina who advocated armed self-defense and ended up as the first famous African American exile in Cuba.
The Teachers’ Voice: Using Photovoice and Concept Mapping to Evaluate an Innovative Prekindergarten Robotics Program

The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a photovoice evaluation of a robotics and programming project for prekindergarten (RAPP). RAPP researchers developed and implemented the program at three urban childcare centers in six teacher’s classrooms. All of the teachers of prekindergarteners and rising prekindergarteners had opportunities to use the robot, KIBO, during implementation. Photovoice, using ten RAPP teachers, provided visual images as evidence and promoted sharing knowledge and experiences. Teachers submitted photographs of their children engaging with KIBO and participated in two discussions with their researcher concerning the pictures. At both times, the discussions were audio recorded and summarized. Researchers concept mapped the interviews to identify and communicate common themes. In order of importance to the teachers, the children when using KIBO were engaged, worked independently of the teachers and cooperatively with classmates, were persistent, learned academic knowledge and skills, and developed problem solving skills.
Hyperalignment of Multi-subject fMRI Data by Synchronized Projections

Group analysis of fMRI data via multivariate pattern methods requires accurate alignments between neuronal activities of different subjects in order to attain competitive inter-subject classification rates. Hyperalignment, a recent technique pioneered by Haxby and collaborators, aligns the activations of different subjects by mapping them into a common abstract high-dimensional space. While hyperalignment is very successful in terms of classification performance, its “anatomy free” nature excludes the use of potentially helpful information inherent in anatomy. In this paper, we present a novel approach to hyperalignment that allows incorporating anatomical information in a non-trivial way. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach over the original hyperalignment and several other natural alternatives.
Ventricular fibrillation waveform measures and the etiology of cardiac arrest.

Abstract Background Early determination of the acute etiology of cardiac arrest could help guide resuscitation or post-resuscitation care. In experimental studies, quantitative measures of the ventricular fibrillation waveform distinguish ischemic from non-ischemic etiology. Methods We investigated whether waveform measures distinguished arrest etiology among adults treated by EMS for out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation between January 1, 2006–December 31, 2014. Etiology was classified using hospital information into three exclusive groups: acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ACS without ST elevation (non-STEMI), or non-ischemic arrest. Waveform measures included amplitude spectrum area (AMSA), centroid frequency (CF), mean frequency (MF), and median slope (MS) assessed during CPR-free epochs immediately prior to the initial and second shock. Waveform measures prior to the initial shock and the changes between first and second shock were compared by etiology group. We a priori chose a significance level of 0.01 due to multiple comparisons. Results Of the 430 patients, 35% (n=150) were classified as STEMI, 29% (n=123) as non-STEMI, and 37% (n=157) with non-ischemic arrest. We did not observe differences by etiology in any of the waveform measures prior to shock 1 (Kruskal–Wallis Test) (p=0.28 for AMSA, p=0.07 for CF, p=0.63 for MF, and p=0.39 for MS). We also did not observe differences for change in waveform between shock 1 and 2, or when the two acute ischemia groups (STEMI and non-STEMI) were combined and compared to the non-ischemic group. Conclusion This clinical investigation suggests that waveform measures may not be useful in distinguishing cardiac arrest etiology.
Understanding Care Disparities Among Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Adults: Recommendations for Culturally Competent Care

LGBT adults represent a growing, aging population. LGBT elders face significant health care disparities, and are often fearful of disclosing their sexual orientation or gender identity to practitioners. As a result, many older LGBT adults fail to receive appropriate screening or treatment. Various recommendations can be offered to help health providers offer more culturally competent, LGBT and age-affirming care.
Effect of Chloride Salts and Nitrite on Survival of Trichina Larvae and Other Properties of Pork Sausages

Two experiments were conducted using trichinae-infected pork shoulders. In the first experiment, samples of ground pork shoulder were allocated to the following treatments: (a) sodium nitrite levels of 0, 75 or 150 ppm, and (b) chloride salt levels of 2.5% sodium chloride, 3.18% potassium chloride, 1.35% magnesium chloride and 1.58% calcium chloride (for the latter three chloride salts, ionic strengths equivalent to that of 2.5% sodium chloride were used). In the second experiment, samples of ground pork shoulder were allocated to treatments in which 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the sodium chloride was replaced with a 70:30 mixture of magnesium chloride: potassium chloride. Pork sausage links were made and stored for 12 d in a refrigerated display case. All chloride salts numerically reduced total plate counts compared to controls (no added salts) and calcium chloride or magnesium chloride significantly reduced total plate counts (P<.05). However, addition of sodium nitrite (75 or 150 ppm) did not affect total plate counts. Percentages of dead trichina larvae (visually determined) were greater (P<.05) for potassium chloride and sodium chloride than for magnesium or calcium chloride. However, in the second study when salts of equivalent ionic strengths were not used, replacement of sodium chloride with a 70:30 mixture of magnesium chloride: potassium chloride did not affect (increase or decrease) pH, total plate count or juice-loss during cooking. Percentages of dead trichina larvae increased for the 75 and 100% replacement levels when compared to controls.
Transient absorption studies of C60 in solution

Visible transient absorption spectra of C{sub 60} in solution are presented for time delays of 15 ps to 30 ns following the excitation of the ground-state molecule. These spectra demonstrate the presence of a hitherto unreported strong absorption feature in the triplet spectrum peaking near 740 nm. Kinetics measurements near the peak of this absorption band yield a singlet state lifetime of 650 {plus minus} 100 ps.
Benefits of an on-line migraine education video for patients with co-occurring migraine and depression

Abstract Objective To evaluate effects of an online, hour-long migraine education and management education program on health outcomes in people with migraine experiencing significant depressive symptoms. Methods Eligible individuals in the community with comorbid migraine and depressive symptoms (n = 95) participated in the 12-week study. Participants completed self-report questionnaires examining general functioning, headache-specific disability, migraine frequency, pain, and depressive symptoms, before, and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks following the migraine education and management program. Primary analyses evaluated change over time in each outcome, using individual linear growth curve models. Results After watching the migraine education and management video, there were significant effects of time (across all time points) for average pain level in the past 30 days (b = −0.20, p Conclusions A brief, online educational video is practical and effective and can lead to enhanced migraine knowledge and self-management skills and lessen the burden of migraine and concurrent depressive symptoms.
The substrate and adding material to it

One of the most important techniques employed in microfabrication is the addition of a thin layer of material to an underlying layer. Added layers may form part of the MEMS structure, serve as a mask for etching, or serve as a sacrificial layer.
Reduktion der Produktkomplexität am Beispiel der Kompositversicherung

Produktkomplexitat wird in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte als auch in der Praxis als eine der wesentlichen Handlungsfelder zur Komplexitatsreduzierung in Unternehmen diskutiert. Die Fragen nach den Moglichkeiten einer systemimmanenten komplexitatsreduzierenden Produktstrategie sowie deren tatsachlicher Nutzen sind im Versicherungsmarkt trotz der weiten Verbreitung und des hohem Stellenwerts der Thematik bisher nur geringfugig untersucht worden. Dies gilt es, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der anhaltenden Herausforderungen von Deregulierung, Wettbewerbsintensivierung und Digitalisierung in der Kompositversicherung, zu andern und so die Potenziale zur Verbesserung der Kostenposition noch besser nutzen zu konnen.
Emergent Prethermalization Signatures in Out-of-Time Ordered Correlations.

How a many-body quantum system thermalizes---or fails to do so---under its own interaction is a fundamental yet elusive concept. Here we demonstrate nuclear magnetic resonance observation of the emergence of prethermalization by measuring out-of-time ordered correlations. We exploit Hamiltonian engineering techniques to tune the strength of spin-spin interactions and of a transverse magnetic field in a spin chain system, as well as to invert the Hamiltonian sign to reveal out-of-time ordered correlations. At large fields, we observe an emergent conserved quantity due to prethermalization, which can be revealed by an early saturation of correlations. Our experiment not only demonstrates a new protocol to measure out-of-time ordered correlations, but also provides new insights in the study of quantum thermodynamics.
Officer Resignation and the Space Between Theory and Practice

Having read the erudite contributions of Dubik, Feaver, Kohn, Mueller, and Snider, I can only supplement our mutual inquiry through the contribution of an analysis of officer resignation from the p...
Single-direction thoracoscopic lobectomy: a step in the right direction.

Thoracoscopy in the treatment of thoracic disease is not a recent phenomenon. As early as 1910, Jacobaeus et al . examined the thoracic cavity and pleura with a cystoscope (1). The thoracoscope’s role was in management of pleural disease or for limited lung biopsies.
Ion exchange nutrient recovery from anaerobic membrane bioreactor permeate.

Nutrient recovery from municipal wastewater was evaluated using anion exchange media loaded with hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) and copper (Cu2+ ) (Dow-HFO-Cu resin) to selectively capture phosphate, followed by clinoptilolite for ammonium removal and recovery. Nutrients were concentrated in the regenerants and recovered as precipitated struvite. Media exchange capacity after multiple ion exchange cycles was determined using permeate from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating synthetic or actual municipal wastewater from a full-scale water reclamation facility. Regeneration through five ion exchange cycles using relatively low concentration regenerant solution (2% NaCl and 0.5% NaOH) resulted in the highest phosphate exchange capacity and phosphate recovery. This regenerant also provided the most consistent ammonium recovery. Column tests treating AnMBR permeate were performed over five ion exchange cycles; Dow-HFO-Cu resin exchange capacities ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 mg PO4 -P/g dry media. A maximum of 94% of the removed phosphate was recovered during regeneration. The rate and extent of regeneration was insensitive to regenerant salt concentrations in the range investigated. Precipitation using a mixture of the spent regeneration brines from the Dow-HFO-Cu resin and clinoptilolite columns produced low molar ratios of Mg:NH4 :PO4 , suggesting that the recovered product was not pure struvite. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Ion exchange-precipitation for the removal and recovery of PO43- and NH4+ from AnMBR permeate is a promising technology. 2% NaCl + 0.5% NaOH regeneration solution provided the most consistent exchange performance for both phosphate and ammonium recovery. Regenerated Dow-HFO-Cu resin exchange capacity was consistently less than the virgin resin, likely due to copper leaching during regeneration. Molar ratios in the precipitates suggested that the precipitated material was not pure struvite.
Bioconversion of oleic acid by Bacillus strain NRRL BD-447: Identification of 7-hydroxy-17-oxo-9- cis -octadecenoic acid

Continuing efforts to isolate and assign structures to the products from the bioconversion of oleic acid with Bacillus strain NRRL-447 have resulted in identification of a positional isomer of the hydroxy-keto fatty acid previously reported. After high-performance liquid chromatographic isolation, the new compound was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses to be 7-hydroxy-17-oxo-9-cis-octadecenoic acid.
Implementation of a Rooftop Farm Integrated With a Teaching Kitchen and Preventive Food Pantry in a Hospital Setting

Safety-net hospitals serving populations with disproportionately high levels of poverty, food insecurity, and chronic disease can utilize innovative strategies to improve the health and environment of their communities. Boston Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, constructed an on-site rooftop farm to provide fresh produce for the hospital's preventive food pantry, teaching kitchen, cafeterias, and inpatient meal services. This novel model can be replicated by other organizations aiming to alleviate food insecurity, encourage healthy eating, and promote environmental sustainability.
Fertilization, weed control, and pine litter influence loblolly pine stem productivity and root development

Following site preparation, three cultural treatments and three open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families were studied on a gently sloping Beauregard silt loam in central Louisiana. The treatments were: (1) fertilization (either broadcast application of 177 kg N and 151 kg P/ha or none); (2) herbicide application (either broadcast application of herbicides during the first through third growing seasons, and felling of a few, scattered volunteer hardwood trees greater than 2.5 cm dbh during the third growing season or none); and (3) litter application (either broadcast application of 37 Mg/ha (oven-dried weight) of pine straw over the plots to form a 10 to 15 cm layer or none). The subplot treatment was planting stock, where in November 1988, 28-week-old container-grown loblolly pine seedlings from three open-pollinated families were randomly assigned to planting locations. Through five growing seasons, fertilization and weed control with herbicides resulted in the greatest loblolly pine productivity, but the use of herbicides severely reduced other vegetation. Applying litter, which was less effective than herbicides as a weed control treatment, increased the presence of blackberry (Rubus spp.) when herbicides were not applied. Applying litter resulted in a decrease and fertilization resulted in an increase in the number and length of live lateral roots. Soil temperature was reduced by litter application. Treatment responses were not influenced by loblolly pine family.
Reducing Th2 inflammation through neutralizing IL-4 antibody rescues myelination in IUGR rat brain.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy and is associated with significant neurological deficits in infants, including white matter damage. Previous work using an animal model of IUGR has demonstrated that IUGR rats exhibit neurobehavioral deficits and developmental delays in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, but the mechanisms which cause this delay are unknown. Inflammation may be an important etiological factor in IUGR and has been recognized as playing a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders, including cerebral palsy. To create the model, the uterine arteries of pregnant rats were ligated at embryonic day 15. Rats delivered spontaneously. Cytokine and chemokine expression was evaluated at one prenatal and three postnatal time points, and myelin protein expression and oligodendrocyte cell numbers were evaluated by several methods at postnatal day 14. IL-4 was identified as a potential inhibitor of myelination, and rat pups were injected with IL-4 function blocking antibody from postnatal days 1–5 and myelination was assessed. Here, we show a novel mechanism of white matter injury. IUGR induces an exaggerated Th2 response in the developing rat brain, including upregulation of several Th2 cytokines. Of these, IL-4 is significantly increased during the period corresponding to robust developmental myelination. We show that neutralizing IL-4 antibody therapy given in the newborn period ameliorates inflammation and restores myelin protein expression and oligodendrocyte cell number in the IUGR brain to control levels, demonstrating a novel role for Th2 responses and IL-4 in IUGR and white matter injury. In addition, IL-4 directly affects oligodendrocytes in vitro decreasing differentiation. In this study, we have identified inflammation as a factor in the decrease in myelin seen in an animal model of IUGR. IL-4, an inflammatory protein often thought to be protective in the adult, is specifically increased, and treatment of these animals to prevent this increase ameliorates white matter damage. Our results suggest that the immune system plays a role in IUGR that is different in the perinatal period than in the adult and preventing this exaggerated Th2 response may be a potential therapeutic target.
Low frequency dielectric properties related to structure of cotton fabrics

The low-frequency dielectric properties of cotton fabrics in the fabric thickness direction are examined in relation to the fabric construction, thread count and solid volume fraction (SVF) at five different relative humidity levels. It is found that the real part of the relative permittivity increases with increase in thread count, and this is due to the associated increase in SVF. On the other hand, the imaginary part of the relative permittivity and loss tangent (dielectric loss) show no clear monotonic tendency to the SVF at highly moist environments. Permittivity is observed to change depending on fabric constructions under the controlled SVF. These observations indicate that, in addition to the SVF, the fabric geometrical parameters, which are influenced by construction methods, also need to be considered in low-frequency dielectric analysis.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Comparison of Human Fetal Retina, hPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids, and Long-Term Retinal Cultures.

To study the development of the human retina, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at key fetal stages and follow the development of the major cell types as well as populations of transitional cells. We also analyze stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal organoids; although organoids have a very similar cellular composition at equivalent ages as the fetal retina, there are some differences in gene expression of particular cell types. Moreover, the inner retinal lamination is disrupted at more advanced stages of organoids compared with fetal retina. To determine whether the disorganization in the inner retina is due to the culture conditions, we analyze retinal development in fetal retina maintained under similar conditions. These retinospheres develop for at least 6 months, displaying better inner retinal lamination than retinal organoids. Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) comparisons of fetal retina, retinal organoids, and retinospheres provide a resource for developing better in vitro models for retinal disease.
The Camping Climate Index (CCI): The development, validation, and application of a camping-sector tourism climate index

Abstract Camping is a nature-based tourism activity where individuals spend one or more night away from home in an outdoor setting. Inherent in the definition are time and space, as well as exposure to natural elements such as weather or extremes. This study introduces the novel Camping Climate Index (CCI) to explore the impacts of weather and climatic variability on camping occupancy and optimal camping conditions. Daily meteorological data for 29 for-profit camping locations is analyzed and matched with daily camping occupancy data for the tent, recreational vehicle, and cabin categories. The CCI is empirically validated for camping behaviors compared to other tourism indices including the Tourism Climate Index and Holiday Climate Index. This study is the first to create an index using observed camping occupancy data for the three categories of camping matched with daily weather data that also captures the overriding effects of extreme/adverse weather events.
Analysis of Feature Extraction Methods for Prediction of 30-Day Hospital Readmissions.

Objectives This article aims to determine possible improvements made by feature extraction methods to the machine learning prediction methods for predicting 30-day hospital readmissions. Methods The study evaluates five feature extraction methods including principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), isomap, Laplacian eigenmaps, and locality preserving projections (LPPs) for improving the accuracy of nine machine learning prediction methods in predicting 30-day hospital readmissions. The specific prediction methods considered include logistic regression, Cox regression, linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machines (SVMs), bagged trees, boosted trees, random forest, and artificial neural networks. All models are developed in MATLAB and validated using area under the curve based on two population-based data sets from partner hospitals. Results Laplacian eigenmaps and isomap feature extraction provide the most improvement to the readmission predictive accuracy of KNN, SVM, bagged trees, boosted trees, and linear discriminant analysis methods. The results for artificial neural networks, random forest, Cox regression, and logistic regression show improvement for only one of the data sets. Also, PCA and LPP provided the best computation efficiency followed by KPCA, Laplacian eigenmaps, and isomap. Conclusion Feature extraction methods can improve the predictive performance of machine learning methods for predicting readmissions. However, the improvement depended on the specific choice of the prediction method, feature extraction method, and the complexity of the data set features.
Chromosomally-encoded resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: therapeutic implications.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen that presents a difficult therapeutic challenge. Although P. aeruginosa has been shown to acquire resistance mechanisms encoded on plasmids, this pathogen comes armed with multiple chromosomally-encoded mechanisms of resistance that can provide impressive intrinsic resistance, as well as the potential to mutate to high-level multi-drug resistance. Recent analysis of the sequenced genome of P. aeruginosa PAO1 suggested that we have just started to unlock the resistance potential of this pathogen. One of the most serious threats to the usefulness of β-lactams against P. aeruginosa is the chromosomal AmpC cephalosporinase. When AmpC production increases through mutational events, overproduction of this cephalosporinase provides high-level resistance to all β-lactams except the carbapenems. Carbapenem resistance typically requires down-regulation of the outer membrane protein (OprD), which serves as the primary route of entry for carbapenems. Perhaps the most threatening of the resistance mechanisms encoded on the P. aeruginosa chromosome are the multi-drug efflux pumps. These pumps have the ability to extrude multiple classes of antibiotics from the periplasmic space, as well as the cytoplasm. Natural expression of efflux pumps in ‘wild-type’ cells plays an important role in the relatively decreased susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics. However, the greatest therapeutic problems occur when these pumps are overproduced in mutants and high-level, multi-drug resistance develops. Although the development of infections with highly resistant strains of P. aeruginosa can present serious therapeutic challenges, the most troublesome threat associated with the chromosomally-encoded resistance mechanisms is the potential for high-level resistance to emerge during the course of therapy. When resistance emerges during therapy, clinical failure can occur and the therapeutic options for second-line therapy can become severely limited. Unfortunately, the emergence of resistance during therapy is not a rare event with P. aeruginosa and these three resistance mechanisms. Therefore, clinicians must be mindful of this threat when choosing an appropriate therapy, and usually appropriate therapy includes a combination of drugs. Since the standard combination of an aminoglycoside and a β-lactam has been shown to be ineffective in preventing the emergence of some resistance problems, the search for more effective combinations must be a priority.
The Impact of Ad-blockers on Online Consumer Behavior

Digital advertising is on track to become the dominant form of advertising but ad-blocking technologies have recently emerged posing a potential threat to the online advertising ecosystem. A significant and increasing fraction of Internet users has indeed already started employing ad-blockers. However, surprisingly little is known yet about the effects of ad-blockers on consumers. This paper investigates the impact of ad-blockers on online search and purchasing behaviors by empirically analyzing a consumer-level panel dataset. Interestingly, the analyses reveal that ad-blockers have a significant effect on online purchasing behavior: online consumer spending decreases due to ad-blockers by approximately $14.2 billion a year in total. In examining the underlying mechanism of the ad-blocker effects, I find that ad-blockers significantly decrease spending for brands consumers have not experienced before, partially shifting spending towards brands they have experienced in the past. I also find that ad-blockers spur additional unintended consequences as they reduce consumers' search activities across information channels. The findings remain robust to different identifying assumptions and robustness checks. The analyses draw timely managerial and policy implications for the digital advertising industry as well as additional insights into the role of online advertising.
Change the Things You Can: Modifiable Parent Characteristics Predict High-Quality Early Language Interaction Within Socioeconomic Status.

Purpose Understanding variability sources in early language interaction is critical to identifying children whose development is at risk and designing interventions. Variability across socioeconomi...
Health Care Reform Without a Revolution

Health care reform is insignificant in comparison to the fundamental purpose of the system it must change. Unlike a terminal illness, which doubles as a harbinger to remind us of the inescapable permanence of death, much of the influence of health care reform over which the nation has debated these past four years will prove to be fleeting at best. Time will shape and re-shape the Affordable Care Act ("ACA") in ways outside today’s imagination, but the hospital bed, that symbolic and functional centerpiece of American health care, will never be anyone’s destination of choice. Whether as a result of Medicare’s effect or in spite of it, advances in medicine since 1965 have played a large part in the program’s evolution, with today’s emphasis on performance in lieu of costs standing as a reflection of an inherent expectation that modern medicine should have the twofold intention to never do harm and excel at all times.