cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of mixed convection instability on heat transfer in a vertical annulus

Abstract The hydrodynamic stability of mixed convection in an annulus is studied. The linear stability limit for forced flow up a vertical annulus with a constant heat flux applied to the inner wall and the outer wall insulated is determined. The result indicates that the fully-developed flow is thermally unstable in most regions of an appropriate parameter space. The magnitudes of the finite amplitude disturbances in the unstable region are determined by utilizing Stuart's shape assumption. Distorted mean flow profiles are obtained and the increase in heat transfer rates due to these disturbances are calculated from the results and agree well with the experimental data.
Predictors of Academic Success at a Historically Black School of Pharmacy

ABSTRACTPharmacy educators have long been interested in identifying the factors that may influence pharmacy student academic performance. A study was conducted at Howard University to investigate variables influencing the success of minority pharmacy students. A total of 293 students with evaluable data were analyzed. Logistic regression models were also performed to assess good academic standing and the factors responsible for students' failing a course. Significant predictors of a multiple regression analysis were GPA, PCAT chemistry, age, previous degree, and PCAT quantitative. These results suggest that the predictors of academic success for minority students are similar to predictors noted for nonminority students.
Pulmonary embolism in the setting of HELLP syndrome

HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets) complicates 0.5-0.9% of pregnancies and is frequently associated with multiorgan dysfunction. Treatment relies on prompt diagnosis, delivery and supportive care. The clinical presentation may make the concurrent diagnosis and management of other disease entities challenging. This case report describes a patient with postpartum HELLP syndrome complicated by severe multiorgan dysfunction and pulmonary embolism.
Computing equilibria in infinite-horizon finance economies: The case of one asset

Abstract We develop methods to compute equilibria in dynamic models with incomplete asset markets and heterogeneous agents. Using spline interpolation methods we approximate recursive trading policies of the agents and the equilibrium pricing functions. We explore various methods for determining the coefficients of these approximations, including time iteration methods and acceleration techniques. Exploring the optimization errors implied by the approximate equilibrium rules we examine the quality of our results. The results are very encouraging since we are able to compute approximate equilibria in a few minutes or less, attaining optimization errors on the order of one dollar per million dollars of wealth.
Flexural Rigidity and Shear Stiffness of Flagella

Cilia are thin subcellular organelles that line airways and other passages and bend actively to propel fluid and foreign materials. The ciliary cytoskeleton (the axoneme) consists of nine outer microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of singlet microtubules. Large bending deformations of the axoneme involve relative sliding of the outer doublets driven by the motor protein dyneins. The genetics and cell biology of the ciliary structure and function have been studied extensively, but the mechanics of the axoneme remain unclear. In this study, we used the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as the model system for their flagellum replicates the highly conserved molecular structure of the ciliary axoneme. Piconewton forces were applied perpendicularly on the tip of a single flagellum (length L) through a microsphere trapped in optical tweezers. Dividing the force (P) by the corresponding deflection of the flagellar tip (δ) yields the flexural stiffness of the flagellum (K = P/δ), which was then used to calculate the apparent flexural rigidity (EI = KL3/3). The contributions of major structural components to passive mechanical properties were quantified by testing on flagella of specific mutations. The average apparent flexural rigidity of wild-type, pf-3 (without nexin links), and pf-13 flagella (without outer dynein arms) was about 2700 ± 1100, 1300 ± 550, and 650 ± 140 pN·μm2, respectively. In addition, the ratio of elastic shear stiffness (resistance to interdoublet sliding) to true flexural rigidity was estimated by the counterbend response in bent flagella manipulated with a glass microneedle. The quantitative understanding of axonemal mechanics will help illuminate the roles of certain genes and molecular structures in the normal and abnormal axoneme.
Regeneration potential of adult cardiac myocytes

Although adult cardiac myocytes (CMs) have very little proliferative potential, fetal CMs divide robustly. The mechanisms underlying the post-mitotic state of CMs are poorly understood; however, recently Mahmoud et al. identified a homeodomain transcription factor, Meis1, which controls postnatal CM cell cycle.
The effects of speed-dependent treadmill training and rhythmic auditory-cued overground walking on gait function and fall risk in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to examine and compare the immediate and retention effects of speed-dependent treadmill training (SDTT) and rhythmic auditory-cued (RAC) overground walking on gait function and fall risk in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Twenty participants (mean age 66.1 yrs) with idiopathic PD were randomized into either SDTT (n = 10) or RAC (n = 10) progressive, interval-based locomotor training protocols. Immediate and retention training effects on gait function and fall risk were measured by comfortable and fast gait speed (CGS, FGS), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). RESULTS: Immediate within-group training effects revealed significant gains in CGS, 6MWT, and FGA for the RAC group, and in FGS, 6-MinuteWalk Test, and FGA for the SDTT group. Retention effects were found at 3-month follow-up for all gait measures in the RAC group, and for FGS and FGA in the SDTT group. No statistically significant differences in immediate or retention training effects on gait measures were found between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Externally-cued locomotor training with progressive and interval-based speed challenges, either with RAC overground or on a treadmill, produced significant improvements in walking speed, endurance, and dynamic balance during walking. Language: en
Major Hepatectomy Induces Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Dendritic Cells and Monocytes

Patients undergoing major hepatectomy are at increased risk for post-operative morbidity and mortality, and changes in the phenotype of effector cells may predispose these patients to infectious sequelae. To better understand post-hepatectomy immune responses, peripheral blood from 15 hepatectomy patients was drawn immediately before and after liver resection and on post-operative days 1, 3, and 5. Circulating monocytes and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for quantity, phenotype, activation status, human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression, and toll-like receptor-2 and -4 expression. Major hepatectomy increased the numbers of activated CD16bright blood monocytes and the percentage of activated dendritic cells, although monocyte HLA-DR expression was reduced. These results may represent both dysfunctional antigen presentation and pending anergy, as well as cellular priming of immune effector cells. Better understanding of the alterations in innate immunity induced by hepatectomy may identify strategies to reduce infectious outcomes.
Circadian changes in the sweating-to-vasoconstriction interthreshold range.

Thermoregulatory defenses are characterized by thresholds, the core temperatures triggering each response. Core body temperature is normally maintained within the interthreshold range, temperatures between the sweating and vasoconstriction thresholds that do not trigger autonomic defenses. This range usually spans only some 0.2 degrees C, but it remains unknown whether similar precision is maintained during the circadian core temperature cycle of about 0.8 degrees C. Accordingly, we evaluated the interthreshold range at four times of the day. We studied ten male volunteers, each at 3 a.m., 8 a.m., 3 p.m., and 8 p.m. At least 12 h elapsed between tests, and the order was randomly assigned. At each study time, volunteers were warmed peripherally until sweating was observed. Skin temperature was subsequently kept constant while core temperature was decreased by central-venous infusion of ice-cold fluid until peripheral vasoconstriction was detected. The volunteers were not permitted to sleep during threshold determinations, although sleep was not otherwise controlled. The core temperature triggering an evaporative water loss of 40 g.m-2.h-1 identified the sweating threshold. Similarly, the vasoconstriction threshold was defined by the core temperature triggering the initial decreases in plethysmographic finger tip blood flow. The interthreshold range at 3 a.m. was twice that observed at the other study times (P<0.05). Our data suggest that autonomic control of body temperature is reduced at 3 a.m., even when sleep is denied. This result contradicts the general perception that circadian variation alters the thermoregulatory target temperature, but not precision of body temperature control.
Ultrastructural studies on catecholaminergic terminals and GABAergic neurons in nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat medulla oblongata

Synaptogenesis of catecholamine (CA) boutons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was compared between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at different ages. On the average, there were about 32 CA varicosities per 2200 μm2 area of the NTS in both SHR and WKY rats as revealed by glyoxylic acid fluorescence microscopic (FM) morphometric study. The FM analysis indicated that there were no significant changes in the CA varicosity density between SHR and WKY rats. The CA boutons were labeled with 5-hydroxydopamine and appeared to contain small granular vesicles at the electron microscopic (EM) level. A total of 1402 CA boutons were studied in a 540, 000 μm2 area of the NTS. The number of CA boutons involved in synaptic contacts vs the number of total CA boutons was used to obtain synaptic frequency which was taken as an index for synaptogenesis. A reduction of approximately 18% and 14% of synaptogenesis of CA boutons was observed in the NTS of SHR rats at 4 weeks (prehypertensive stage) and 12 weeks (early hypertensive stage) of age respectively, as compared to age-matched WKY rats. No significant difference of synaptogenesis of CA neurons was found between SHR and WKY rats at 16 weeks of age, a stage in which hypertension is well established and maintained in SHR rats. These results suggest that CA neurons with fewer synaptic contacts in the NTS may play a more important role in the initiation than in the maintenance of hypertension in the SHR rats. In addition to CA terminals, there were numerous GABAergic cell bodies in the NTS which were identified by immunocytochemistry using antibodies to the GABA synthesizing enzyme,l-glutamate decar☐ylase (GAD). GABAergic dendrites with GAD-positive reaction were often seen to receive several GAD-negative synapses at EM random profiles. In the text, a viewpoint is thus discussed that emphasizes that a synaptic abnormality of CA terminals with fewer synaptic contacts affecting GABAergic neurons may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, it remains to be determined as to whether or not there is a direct contact between CA boutons and GABAergic dendrites.
Decompartmental: Conversing with clarence barlow

Clarence Barlow (see Figure 1) is a prominent com poser of electroacoustic and instrumental music. He studied composition under Bernd Alois Zim mermann (1968-1970) and Karlheinz Stockhausen (1971-1973) and became a pioneer in the field of computer music. He has made advancements in in terdisciplinary composition that unite mathematics, computer science, visual arts, and literature. Nev ertheless, his music is firmly grounded in tradition and incorporates much from the past. Between 1961 and 2009, Mr. Barlow produced over 60 works of various types, including electroacoustic (see Table 1 and Table 4), orchestral, chamber, choral, vocal, piano, and organ works. The many performances of his music include 28 concerts in Germany and else where from 1976-2009 that were devoted entirely to his compositions. Mr. Barlow has also attained dis tinction as an interdisciplinary researcher, author, and software developer. One of his many publica tions (see Table 2) is an extensive study on tonality and "metricism," Bus Journey to Parametron (1980, 1984). His software (see Table 3) notably includes Autobusk, a modal and metric pitch and rhythm gen erator (2001), and the notation program }KSC (1984). Clarence Barlow currently serves as the endowed Corwin Chair of Composition at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His past teaching posts include twelve years as professor of composition and computer music at the biennial summer courses of the International Music Institute at Darmstadt (1982-1994); over twenty years as lecturer in com puter music at the Cologne Musikhochschule (1984-2005); four years as artistic director of the Institute of Sonology at The Hague's Royal Conser vatory (1990-1994); and twelve years as professor of composition and sonology at the Royal Conserva tory (1994-2006). Since 1994, he has been associated with the International Academy of Electroacoustic Music in Bourges, France. This interview was conducted in May 2008 at Clarence Barlow's home in Noleta, located
Child Drawing: Hospital manual

The Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H) was developed as a means of measuring the emotional status of hospitalized school-aged children. It has long been accepted that hospitalization is a major stressor for children (Erickson, 1963, 1972; Prugh, Staub, Sands, Kirschbaum, & Leinehan, 1953; Robertson, 1958; Thompson, 1985; Vernon, Foley, Sipowicz, & Schulman, 1965). If usual coping strategies are strained beyond children's abilities to manage the stress experienced in the hospital situation, anxiety results (Fosson, Martin, & Haley, 1990). The degree of anxiety experienced by any hospitalized child is unknown. Currently, we measure all children's physiological status (temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure) on admission to the hospital and at routine intervals. However, we do not systematically measure their emotional status. Behavioral indicators of anxiety such as crying or aggression may be recorded. The use of children's drawings as a projective technique to measure emotional status has long been established in clinical practice. Draw-a-Man (Goodenough, 1926, 1928; Goodenough & Harris, 1950; Harris, 1963), House-Tree-Person (Buck, 1948), Draw-a-Person (Machover, 1949, 1953), Human Figure Drawing (HFD) Test (Koppitz, 1968), and Kinetic Family Drawing (Burns, 1982; Bums & Kaufman, 1970, 1972) have been well supported as means of evaluating the emotional status of children in various life situations. Therefore, the same must be true for children experiencing hospitalization.
Comprehensive risk assessment for adolescents in school-based health centers

Providing comprehensive clinical services in school-based health centers affords the advanced practice nurse the opportunities for professional growth and fulfillment. Nurse practitioners are the primary clinician in the majority of SBHCs [1]. A substantial body of knowledge exists supporting the needs of adolescents, as well as methods by which nurse practitioners may assess, document, and intervene in order to improve health outcomes in this age group. To help move the field of school-based health care from innovation to mainstream, nurse practitioners need to continue to be part of the development of conceptual frameworks, appropriate methods, and evaluation of the process and outcomes. Educational achievement, access to care and reimbursement, and reduction of adolescent morbidity are indicators that have great significance in policy development. The extent to which nurse practitioners in SBHCs can provide evidence of making a difference will determine the success of this important health care venue for adolescents and demonstrate their own professional excellence.
The Odessa, Texas, Siderite (ECN =+ 1025,318)*

This paper presents certain historical facts relating to the discovery of meteorites in the neighborhood of the Odessa, Texas, Meteorite Crater; a discussion of the distribution and other characteristics of the meteoritic materials so far recovered by surface and subsurface search at that crater; a detailed mineralogical and metallographic study of the metallic phase of the meteorite; and chemical and radiochemical analyses of the sideritic material. The results of the investigation, insofar as they relate to the unaltered nickel-iron, are consonant with the classification of Odessa as a coarse octahedrite (Og). Two (2) figures and 2 tables are given.
Mechanism of Percutaneous Absorption. V. Percutaneous Absorption of Solvent Deposited Solids

Under normal conditions the stratum corneum in vivo is very much less hydrated than the excised tissue routinely used in laboratory permeability experiments. As a consequence, certain quantitative predictions of skin permeability based on laboratory experiments are not applicable to many cases of clinical and practical interest. In this study a modified in vitro permeability technique was used which permitted the hydration of the stratum corneum to be maintained very close to its natural state. Penetrant molecules were applied by adding a few microliters of acetone solution to the stratum corneum surface. The acetone quickly evaporated leaving a residue of solid penetrant. The time course of penetration of the solid material through the epidermis was observed as a function of applied dose, mild hydration, and solvent contact time. Remarkably steady, uniform penetration persisting over several weeks was observed. Generally, the penetration rates were similar to those observed in vivo and increased in a similar manner upon occlusion. Diffusion through the stratum corneum rather than sorption of the solid at the surface appears to be rate limiting.
HIV risk in an urban American population

Investigations of specialized populations in the United States have revealed multiple risk behaviors for HIV infections. Identification of significant risk factors for specific populations enables tailoring interventions to populations. The present study examined risk behaviors in a general urban population in order to determine the need for HIV interventions in subgroups of the general population.
Room-temperature manipulation and decoherence of a single spin in diamond

We report on room-temperature coherent manipulation of the spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond and a study of its coherence as a function of magnetic field. We use magnetic resonance to induce Rabi nutations and apply a Hahn spin echo to remove the effect of low-frequency dephasing. A sharp rise in the decoherence rate is observed at magnetic fields where the nitrogen-vacancy center spin couples resonantly to substitutional nitrogen spins via the magnetic dipolar coupling. Finally, we find evidence that away from these energy resonances spin flips of nitrogen electrons are the main source of decoherence.
Nanotechnology in civil engineering

The transcendent technologies, which are the primary drivers of the twenty first century and the new economy, include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well as the enabling and supporting civil infrastructure systems and materials. Mechanics and materials are essential elements in all of the transcendent technologies. Research opportunities and challenges in mechanics and materials, including nanomechanics, carbon nano-tubes, bio-inspired materials, coatings, fire-resistant materials as well as improved engineering and design of materials are presented and discussed.
Shifting level modelling of hydrologic series

Abstract The potential of applying shifting level (SL) models to hydrologic processes is discussed in light of observed statistical characteristics of hydrologic data. An SL model and an ARMA (1, 1) model are fitted to an actual hydrologic series. Computer simulation experiments with these models are carried out to compare maximum accumulated deficit and run properties. Results obtained indicate that the mean maximum accumulated deficit, mean longest negative run length, and mean largest negative run sum for both models are similar while there are differences in their corresponding variances.
Circular Concrete-Filled Tubes for Improved Sustainability and Seismic Resilience

AbstractConcrete-filled tubes (CFTs) provide an opportunity for more sustainable structural systems through the use of concretes with high volumes of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to replace cement. However, there is concern that the SCM concrete would not be able to sustain the early (construction or dead) loads due to the longer cure time, necessitating stress transfer to the steel tube, possibly leading to tube buckling. Further, these loads are permanent and the long-term response of CFTs with SCM concretes is also unknown. This research evaluates the response of CFTs with conventional and high-volume SCM concretes to immediate compressive, sustained, and extreme loadings. Two large-scale (508 mm diameter) CFT column-to-footing connection specimens, one with a high volume of SCM used to replace portland cement, were tested under long-term compressive and cyclic loadings. Shrinkage and creep were evaluated for both the large-scale CFT and companion cylinders. The total creep strain in the...
The Effect of Aging and Synthetic Topic Cues on the Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech

For speakers with severe dysarthria, particularly those with progressive diseases, behavioral modifications to improve intelligibility are often unrealistic. This study examined the impact of cues produced by an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device on the intelligibility of dysarthric speech. Young and old adults listened to sentences preceded by cues that were either general (“I have a question”) or topic specific (“I have a question about [topic]”). The analyses revealed significant age- and cue-type effects: Younger listeners were more accurate than older listeners were, and topic cues resulted in greater accuracy than general cues. There was also a word class effect that interacted with cue type. The results show that providing topic cues enhances the intelligibility of dysarthric speech.
Continuous Separation of Particles Using Contactless Dielectrophoresis

One of the most crucial processes in many biomedical applications is the separation of cells and micro-particles from biological fluids3. Water quality analysis to detect viable pathogenic bacterium2, and rare circulating tumour cells (CTCs) isolation from biological samples to detect cancer at its early stage1 are some of the important examples. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), is a technique for sample handling, which employs the electrical signatures of particles in the presence of non uniform electric fields to separate specific cell types4, 5.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Identification of Mobile Elements and Pseudogenes in the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Genome

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is the first of 22 different Shewanella spp. whose genomes have been or are being sequenced and thus serves as the model organism for studying the functional repertoire of the Shewanella genus. The original MR-1 genome annotation revealed a large number of transposase genes and pseudogenes, indicating that many of the genome's functions may be decaying. Comparative analyses of the sequenced Shewanella strains suggest that 209 genes in MR-1 have in-frame stop codons, frameshifts, or interruptions and/or are truncated and that 65 of the original pseudogene predictions were erroneous. Among the decaying functions are that of one of three chemotaxis clusters, type I pilus production, starch utilization, and nitrite respiration. Many of the mutations could be attributed to members of 41 different types of insertion sequence (IS) elements and three types of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements identified here for the first time. The high copy numbers of individual mobile elements (up to 71) are expected to promote large-scale genome recombination events, as evidenced by the displacement of the algA promoter. The ability of MR-1 to acquire foreign genes via reactions catalyzed by both the integron integrase and the ISSod25-encoded integrases is suggested by the presence of attC sites and genes whose sequences are characteristic of other species downstream of each site. This large number of mobile elements and multiple potential sites for integrase-mediated acquisition of foreign DNA indicate that the MR-1 genome is exceptionally dynamic, with many functions and regulatory control points in the process of decay or reinvention.
MotionTalk: personalized home rehabilitation system for assisting patients with impaired mobility

Physical injury, stroke, trauma, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury rank among the top causes of disability. There are a total of 54 million people in the US requiring rehabilitative assistance of which 15.3 million people are in the age groups of 18-44. However, the compliance rate for patients performing rehabilitation exercises in the home environment is poor. In this paper, we design and prototype a personalized home rehabilitation system, MotionTalk, for the real time quantitative assessment of mobility. Performance of rehabilitation is designed to be assessed using the changes in mobility, reflected in the exercises performed by patients at home with respect to the same exercises performed in the clinic. Our system is capable of capturing motion using Microsoft Kinect and analyzing the position and rotation information to give scores for assessing rehabilitation progress. In comparison to conventional rehabilitation systems, MotionTalk is an inexpensive ($1000), less intrusive and personalized home rehabilitation system, which was developed and tested using data from able-bodied volunteers at Georgia Institute of Technology.
Invited Review: Dietary Fiber: A Brief Review and Potential Application To Enteral Nutrition

Advances in enteral nutrition include the provision of organ-specific fuels to improve gut structure and function. Examples of these fuels include soluble fiber as a fuel precursor, and the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate appears to exert its trophic effect primarily in the colon, whereas the combined SCFAs affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. The provision of these fuels may be indicated for selected patients with intestinal dysfunction.
Statistical optimization of a reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of tolmetin sodium in dosage forms.

Abstract A quantitative liquid chromatographic method in which tolmetin sodium is separated from an internal standard on a C18 column with detection at 317 nm has been developed with the aid of two statistical optimization procedures. The effects of simultaneously varying the pH, methanol-water ratio, and the concentrations of buffer and ion-pair reagent in the mobile phase were studied. A two-level factorial design was used to investigate the interactions among the variables, and the sequential simplex procedure was used to optimize the separation. A novel quality criterion was developed for the simplex optimization. Using synthetic mixtures, the mean recovery value ± S.D. (n = 6) of tolmetin sodium was 98.7 ± 0.19% for tablets and 98.5 ± 0.12% for capsules. The assay results for commercial tablets and capsules were comparable to those obtained by the USP XXI procedure.
Response of a semi-infinite cubic lattice to a static point charge

The interaction energy of a point charge external to a semi-infinite cubic lattice is calculated from the self-consistent solution for the driven atomic dipoles. The static local fields are calculated for a lattice of polarizable nonpolar point atoms. The energy is expressed as a power series in the atomic polarizability; analytical and numerical results for the first two coefficients in the series are given over a wide range of charge-lattice separations. A modified continuum electrostatic-image energy is remarkably accurate for charge-lattice separations down to one lattice spacing.
The Replacement Principle in Economies with Single-Peaked Preferences

Abstract Our objective is to investigate the implications of the “replacement principle” for the fair allocation of an infinitely divisible commodity among agents with single-peaked preferences. The principle says that when one of the components of the data entering the description of the problem to be solved changes, all of the relevant agents should be affected in the same direction: they all gain or they all lose. We apply it to situations in which the preferences of one of the agents may change, under the name ofwelfare-domination under preference-replacement. We show that there is no selection from the no-envy and Pareto solution satisfying it. Then, we weaken it by limiting its application to situations in which the change is not so disruptive that it turns the economy from one in which there is “too little” of the commodity to one in which there is “too much,” or conversely. We show that there is only one selection from the no-envy and Pareto solution satisfying this property andreplication-invariance. It is the “uniform rule,” a solution that has played a central role in previous analyses of the problem.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: D51, D63, D70.
Human Resource Development: Its Implications for Educators

A systems approach is used to study the development of human resources. Throughout the provinces of Canada exist many disparities between educational inputs such as inequalities of expenditure and also between outputs such as widely differing rates of pupil retardation and retention. There is a need to devote to the development of human resources the same energy, expertise and financial support that is invested in physical resources. Society expects education to contribute greatly to this process. There are three phases through which the education system might move in seeking to develop human resources: (1) discovery based on the acknowledgement that within industries and societies lie undisclosed abilities awaiting identification; (2) production, to utilize all known abilities currently underdeveloped; (3) refinement, when original ideas and creative modes of expression must have a discipline imposed upon them.
Edge effects on abiotic conditions, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and larval fishes in Great Lakes fringing marshes

Abstract Fragmentation and edge creation is common in many freshwater coastal wetlands, though relatively little is known about edge effects on abiotic conditions and faunal communities within these habitats. We investigated edge effects associated with anthropogenic fragmentation in 16 fringing coastal marshes of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. Environmental data, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and larval fish were collected along transects extending into each marsh from reference (i.e., where the wetland naturally interfaced with open water) and anthropogenic edges (i.e., where the wetland interfaced with open water habitats created by vegetation removal). Physical and chemical gradients were apparent from marsh edges toward marsh interiors regardless of edge type. Faunal communities appeared to respond to these gradients. Zooplankton biomass, macroinvertebrate richness and macroinvertebrate Shannon diversity were depressed at edges and increased toward marsh interiors. Larval fish catch per unit effort, taxon richness, and Shannon diversity increased from reference edges toward marsh interiors. Larvae of individual fish species displayed varying patterns across edges. Our results suggest that because of edge effects, fragmentation of coastal marshes causes impacts that exceed the area of marsh habitat that is actually lost. For example, as a marsh's protected inner core area is reduced, the marsh fragment may cease to function as a viable refuge from hydrologic energy and open water predators. Therefore, fragmentation should be viewed as a significant impact to freshwater coastal marsh ecosystems similar to how it is regarded in terrestrial ecosystem management.
Auditory distance estimation in song birds: Implications, methodologies and perspectives.

Abstract Acoustic signals such as bird song degrade progressively during atmospheric propagation and consequently provide information about the distance of the signaler. Information on the signaler's distance is particularly important for animals that use acoustic signals to defend a territory or, in general, to regulate their spacing. Male territorial song birds can use this information to assess the distance of a conspecific singer (called ‘ranging’). This ability presumably increases the efficiency of defending a territory because it enables a territory holder to discriminate among threatening intruders and distant conspecifics without interrupting current behavior to, for instance, spend time and energy in approaching. There are a variety of factors that can influence the outcome of ‘ranging experiments’ of which some are discussed here. So far, playback experiments in the field that impeded close-range experience of subjects with the loudspeaker yielded the clearest evidence for ranging. Flights of subjects to positions beyond the loudspeaker in response to playback of degraded songs provide unambiguous evidence for over-estimation of distance of degraded songs and thus reduce problems of interpretation encountered in experiments that allow subjects' close-range experience with the loudspeaker. Furthermore, the accuracy of ranging can be influenced by the kind of degradation and the availability of song features that facilitate its assessment so that these factors, in addition to an appropriate playback design, should be taken into account in future experiments.
Psychological Contracts in the Workplace: Understanding the Ties That Motivate

The article discusses aspects of psychological contracts on organizational behavior. Psychological contracts are designed to motivate workers to fulfill commitments made to employers when workers are confident that employers will reciprocate and fulfill their end of the bargain. How an employee interprets a psychological contract is shaped by many sources of information. Human resource practices such as training and performance appraisal processes can signal promised benefits and required contributions. Socialization events, particularly initial assignments to managers and co-workers, can have pervasive effects over time on the beliefs that a worker holds about the employment relationship.
Random Lights Out processes on graphs

Lights Out is a single player game on graph G. The game starts with a coloring of the vertices of G with two colors, 0 and 1. At each step, one vertex is toggled which switches the color of that vertex and all of its neighbors. The game is won when all vertices have color 0. We consider the stochastic process arising from toggling a sequence of random vertices. We demonstrate how the process can be viewed as a random walk on an associated state graph. We then find the eigenvalues of the state graph, and use them to bound the rate of convergence and hitting times. We show that the distribution of this random process converges to the uniform distribution and show that the @g-squared distance after t steps is less than e^-^c for all t>n2(1+1r"2)log(r"2)+c, where r"2 is the rank of the adjacency matrix of the state graph plus the identity matrix taken over Z"2. We also provide bounds on the average number of steps until this random process reaches the all 0 coloring that are asymptotically tight for many families of graphs.
Selective Sensitization to the Psychosis-Inducing Effects of Cocaine: A Possible Marker for Addiction Relapse Vulnerability?

Patients in inpatient rehabilitation for uncomplicated cocaine dependence were asked whether, compared with the time of their first regular use, they could now identify changes in the effects of similar doses of cocaine. We asked about a spectrum of cocaine effects "then" and "now" and whether the same amount of drug caused effects to occur to about the same degree, less intensely (tolerance), or more intensely (sensitization). Nearly half our sample developed predominantly paranoid psychoses in the context of cocaine use. Sensitization was consistently linked only to psychosis-related cocaine effects. It has been proposed that mesolimbic dopaminergic sensitization might contribute to addiction severity. A preliminary followup of patients who were sensitized or nonsensitized to psychosis development suggests that rehospitalization for treatment of addiction may be more frequent in the sensitized group.
Monte Carlo simulation of a lattice gas model of multilayer adsorption

Abstract A lattice gas model of physical adsorption of atoms on a periodic substrate has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Adsorption isotherms and layer coverage isotherms are determined and from these we find distinct phase boundaries for transitions on successive layers. In contrast to mean field results our data suggests that the critical temperature increases only slowly with increasing layer number, and appears to approach the roughening temperature for infinite layer number.
The production and characterization of medium and high specific activity 125I‐T3 and 125I‐T4 utilizing substitution and exchange mechanisms

The reaction of 125I with 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), and L-thyroxine (T4) have been studied under various pH and concentration conditions. It was found that when the pH is 7.5 and approximately equimolar amounts of thyronine substrate and 125I are reacted, T2 produces as the major product monolabeled T3 of high specific activity (∼3300 mCi/mg) and long term stability while T3 produces as the major product approximately 30% dilabeled 125I-T4 with short term stability and a specific activity of ∼3000 mCi/mg. Simple methods for purification of this product to make it useful are discussed. When the pH is raised to 8.7 and the molar ratio of 125I to thyronine substrate is increased to 1:6 then T3 produces as the major product T3 of medium specific activity (∼500 mCi/mg) and long term stability while T4 produces very stable monolabeled T4 of medium specific activity (∼250 mCi/mg). The mechanisms of substitution and exchange, as they relate to the formation of these and other side products in these reactions, are discussed.
A Trial of Family Partnership and Education Interventions in Heart Failure

Abstract Background Lowering dietary sodium and adhering to medication regimens are difficult for persons with heart failure (HF). Because these behaviors often occur within the family context, this study evaluated the effects of family education and partnership interventions on dietary sodium (Na) intake and medication adherence (MA). Methods and Results HF patient and family member (FM) dyads (n = 117) were randomized to: usual care (UC), patient-FM education (PFE), or family partnership intervention (FPI). Dietary Na (3-day food record), urinary Na (24-hour urine), and MA (Medication Events Monitoring System) were measured at baseline (BL) before randomization, and at 4 and 8 months. FPI and PFE reduced urinary Na at 4 months, and FPI differed from UC at 8 months ( P = .016). Dietary Na decreased from BL to 4 months, with both PFE ( P = .04) and FPI ( P = .018) lower than UC. The proportion of subjects adherent to Na intake (≤2,500 mg/d) was higher at 8 months in PFE and FPI than in UC (χ 2 (2) = 7.076; P = .029). MA did not differ among groups across time. Both FPI and PFE groups increased HF knowledge immediately after intervention. Conclusions Dietary Na intake, but not MA, was improved by PFE and FPI compared with UC. The UC group was less likely to be adherent with dietary Na. Greater efforts to study and incorporate family-focused education and support interventions into HF care are warranted.
Angioplasty for Renal Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Older Hypertensive Patients

Aim: To describe the outcomes of treating patients with angioplasty who are older than 40 years with symptomatic/labile/refractory hypertension (HTN). Methods: Between1999 and 2005, 28 patients und...
Appreciating phenomenology and feminism: Researching quiltmaking and communication

The effort to “appreciate” phenomenology and feminism in the study of quiltmaking discourse self-reflexively joins a philosophy of experience with a politics of women's experiences. At the same time it reveals method to be an embodied practice which involves knowledge as power, and it discovers power relations between researchers and the researched within particular contexts and relationships. For phenomenology, these reflections may encourage closer attention to the en-gendering and situating of the subject within social and cultural conditions. Also they may challenge us to ask: who benefits from phenomenological understanding? For feminism, this effort may encourage greater self-critique in regard to the phenomena of women's experiences. Simultaneously, these reflections may temper an uncritical embracing of phenomenological methods. Perhaps these reflections can best be seen as a working out of a pattern that joins phenomenology, feminism, and their compatible and contradictory relations like the three layers of a quilt. In this embodied and ongoing labor of piecing and quilting I have attempted to expose the seams and the gaps rather than smooth over their differences. Research, like quiltmaking, functions as both a noun and a verb, a product and a practice, engaged bodily and mindfully as a project in the world.
Dietary fatty acids and dietary cholesterol differ in their effect on the in vivo regulation of apolipoprotein A-I and A-II gene expression in inbred strains of mice

Abstract Dietary cholesterol and dietary saturated fatty acids affected the plasma concentrations of various HDL components and the hepatic and intestinal expression of the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene and the hepatic expression of the A-II gene differently in three inbred strains of female mice. Thus, the HC diet (0.5% cholesterol, no added fatty acids) decreased HDL-cholesterol in C57BL and SWR strains but not in the C3H strain; plasma apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations decreased in all three strains. HDL-C/apo A-I and apo A-I/apo A-II mass ratios increased, suggesting that the HC diet altered both the concentrations and the compositions of HDL particles. In contrast, the HF diet (20% hydrogenated coconut oil, no added cholesterol) increased HDL cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations. The combination diet (HF/C, 20% coconut oil plus 0.5% cholesterol) increased HDL cholesterol and decreased triacylglycerols. Apo A-I concentrations were unaltered except for a significant increase in SWR mice. Apo A-II concentrations decreased in all strains. To examine molecular events that could lead to the changes in plasma apo A-I and apo A-II, we measured transcription rates in hepatic nuclei and steady state mRNA concentrations in liver and intestine and apo A-I synthetic rates in liver. Dietary cholesterol and fatty acids produced differing effects at transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional loci and the changes differed according to mouse strain. The most pronounced strain−related differences for both apo A-I and apo A-II occurred at post-transcriptional loci of apoprotein production. These could represent altered rates of translation in, or secretion from liver and/or intestine, or altered rates of clearance from plasma. In conclusion, the regulation of apo A-I and apo A-II gene expression by diet occurs at several steps of their production and perhaps also in catabolic pathways. This study identifies potential loci of regulation and forms the basis for future studies investigating specific genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms.
Keynote address i: model driven development for distributed real-time and embedded systems

Despite advances in standards-based commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies, key challenges must be addressed before COTS software can be used to build mission-critical DRE systems effectively and productively. For example, developers of DRE systems continue to use ad hoc means to develop, configure, and deploy their applications and middleware due to the lack of formally analyzable and verifiable building block components.
The immediate wound‐induced oxidative burst of Saccharina latissima depends on light via photosynthetic electron transport

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by an oxidative burst are an important component of the wound response in algae, vascular plants, and animals. In all taxa, ROS production is usually attributed solely to a defense-related enzyme like NADPH-oxidase (Nox). However, here we show that the initial, wound-induced oxidative burst of the kelp Saccharina latissima depends on light and photosynthetic electron transport. We measured oxygen evolution and ROS production at different light levels and in the presence of a photosynthetic inhibitor, and we used spin trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance as an orthogonal method. Using an in vivo chemical probe, we provide data suggesting that wound-induced ROS production in two distantly related and geographically isolated species of Antarctic macroalgae may be light dependent as well. We propose that electron transport chains are an important and as yet unaddressed component of the wound response, not just for photosynthetic organisms, but for animals via mitochondria as well. This component may have been obscured by the historic use of diphenylene iodonium, which inhibits not only Noxes but also photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport as well. Finally, we anticipate physiological and/or ecological consequences of the light dependence of macroalgal wound-induced ROS since pathogens and grazers do not disappear in the dark.