cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni: protective immunity in IL-4-deficient mice.

Abstract Vaccination of mice with radiation-attenuatedSchistosoma mansonilarvae (cercariae) either once or multiple times produces similar levels of resistance to subsequent infection, but by different immunological mechanisms. In singly immunized mice, protection is CD4+ cell mediated and IFN-γ dependent. Resistance in multiply immunized mice is humorally mediated (especially the IgG1 isotype), suggesting a key role of Th2-associated cytokine responses. Since IL-4 has been shown to regulate Th2 development, animals in which the IL-4 gene has been knocked out by homologous recombination (IL-4 −/−) or wild-type mice (IL-4 +/+) were immunized three times with attenuated cercariae and challenged with normal cercariae. In three separate experiments the percentage of reduction of adult worms in immunized compared to unimmunized IL-4 +/+ animals (68 to 82%) was equivalent to IL-4 −/− (52 to 66%), although protection tended to be lower in each experiment. Serum levels of adult worm (SWAP)-specific IgG2a and IgG2b were 10- and 2-fold higher in IL-4 −/− mice while IgA levels were equivalent between the two groups. Serum levels of SWAP-specific IgG1 were slightly lower in IL-4 −/− mice (P= 0.07) compared to wild-type animals and inversely correlated with worm burdens (r= −0.65,P= 0.02), suggesting that the slightly diminished IgG1 accounts for the tendency toward lower worm burdens in IL-4 −/− animals. No relationships between worm numbers and the other isotypes were observed. SWAP-induced IL-5 production by splenocytes from IL-4 −/− animals were 6-fold lower, although present, compared to IL-4 +/+ mice while Ag-induced IFN-γ production was increased by over 4-fold. These results demonstrate that IL-4 is not essential for development of protective immunity in mice multiply vaccinated with irradiated cercariae and that compensatory or alternative pathways exist to generate a Th2-associated response. The limitations of mice with targeted gene deletions in delineating the role of specific cytokines in regulating the immune response to complex infections like schistosomiasis are emphasized.
Sensing stress network for social coping

The behavioral and social factors associated with stress have been extensively studied in literature for many years. A body of recent works demonstrated how stress is reflected in individual's everyday behavior, and can be measured by sensors. Studies show that many of these behaviors are socially constructed. However, little has been done to find the stressors in one's social network and help one cope accordingly. We propose here a system to find the stress network around an individual that contributes to her stress status. Furthermore, we also present a strategy for coping by exploiting this stress network. We argue that our proposed design can benefit individuals by making them more stress-resilient over time by exploiting their social bonds.
507 CORRECTION OF HYEPAMMONEMIA IN ARGININOSUCCINIC ACID EMIA BY STIMULATING ARGNINOSUCCINIC ACID (ASA) SYNTHESIS

Hyperammonemia in urea cycle defects is a consequence of impaired waste nitrogen excretion (WNE).In contrast to other defects, ASAemia is not necessarily associated with impaired WNE. ASA contains 2 N atoms normally excreted as urea and 2 N atoms as ornithine (orn).If these are replenished stoichemetrically,either by arginine (arg) or by de novo orn synthesis, WNE could be normal and hyperammonemia prevented. This hypothesis was tested in a full-term 3 kg.black female who became lethargic at 24 hrs of age and comatose at 48 hrs.At 7 days of age, the diagnosis of ASAemia was made based on a plasma NH4+ of 800 μM, and identification of peaks of ASA and its anhydrides in plasma and urine.Over a period of 24 hrs., she received two intravenous doses of Arg.HCl 5 mmol/kg. Twenty-four hours after the first infusion, there was a fall in NH4+(837→112 μM), glutamine (1799→1081) and alanine (1566→188) There were increases in arg (40→883), orn (62→170) and ASA (466→1558).Subsequently the NH4+ fell to 62.Arg was then discontinued and the NH4+ rose and ASA fell.Thus, provision of orn skeletons as arg permitted ASA synthesis and a calculated 3-fold increase in WNE as ASA.As a consequence, NH4+ and its precursors (alanine and glutamine) fell to near-normal.Although ASA levels were increased, they may not be toxic (Clin.Res.,24:186A, 1976).Although this child had irreversible brain damage and died at 17 days, future cases, if diagnosed early, should respond to supplemental arg or orn with normal NH4+ and survival.
Intertrochanteric fracture fixation with sliding hip compression-screw

Abstract Intertrochanteric fractures of the hip most commonly occur in elderly, osteopenic patients. Demographics indicate an increasing incidence of this injury, especially in those with unstable variants. Most patients require internal fixation for definitive treatment and early mobilization. One of the most important factors in this regard is selecting an anatomic reduction and fixation device. This article describes an approach to the operative management of intertrochanteric fractures including classification, reduction, surgical technique, and complications.
Control and measurement of the phase behavior of aqueous solutions using microfluidics

A microfluidic device denoted the Phase Chip has been designed to measure and manipulate the phase diagram of multicomponent fluid mixtures. The Phase Chip exploits the permeation of water through poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) in order to controllably vary the concentration of solutes in aqueous nanoliter volume microdrops stored in wells. The permeation of water in the Phase Chip is modeled using the diffusion equation, and good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained. The Phase Chip operates by first creating drops of the water/solute mixture whose composition varies sequentially. Next, drops are transported down channels and guided into storage wells using surface tension forces. Finally, the solute concentration of each stored drop is simultaneously varied and measured. Two applications of the Phase Chip are presented. First, the phase diagram of a polymer/salt mixture is measured on-chip and validated off-chip, and second, protein crystallization rates are enhanced through the manipulation of the kinetics of nucleation and growth.
A Linear Time Varying Model for On-Off Valve Controlled Pneumatic Actuators

A new linear time varing (LTV) model has been developed for open loop, on-off valve controlled pneumatic actuation systems. This formulation is based on a periodic profile description for variable operating points and directional control valve flow variations. The dynamic behavior of the example case, a single acting cylinder controlled by a two way-two port rotary valve, under the cyclic pressure loading is obtained using the proposed LTV model. Experimental evidence and digital simulation predictions based on the nonlinear mathematical equations validate the analytical formulation. The proposed LTV model is found to be better and more applicable than linear time invariant (LTI) models used previously by many investigators.
Jean-Luc Godard's Film Socialisme and the Pedagogy of the Image

(2012). Jean‐Luc Godard's Film Socialisme and the Pedagogy of the Image. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 681-685.
United states criteria for repair and replacement of BWR piping and steam generator tubing

Abstract This paper discusses the criteria currently used by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in dealing with repairs and replacement of BWR piping and steam generator tubing and provides the bases for these criteria. As a result of extensive cracking in BWR pipes caused by intergranular stress corrosion, a program of augmented inspection and leak testing has been instituted. Emphasis is placed on returning such piping to original design conformance either by replacement with non-susceptible material or by a combination of stress improvement and environmental control. As a result of a number of degradation mechanisms in steam generator tubes, inspection and criteria for plugging or sleeving have been instituted along with broad recommendations aimed at an integrated program for resolving steam generator tube problems.
The derived demand for faculty research

Estimation of the demands for many services supplied by government and charitable organizations are hampered by two practices common to the supply of these services. The suppliers often employ non-price rationing of these services, and they price discriminate. The supply of college training, for example, is rationed on the basis of academic ability as well as willingness to pay, and more able students are typically quoted lower net prices (associated with scholarships) than less able students. This paper suggests a method for dealing with both practices in the analysis of cross-sectional data. This methodology is used to investigate the question of why university faculty members are expected to do research as well as teach. One answer supported by our empirical work is that the customers (e.g., the students) demand it. Thus, controlling for price and non-academic features, better students will choose to attend a university where more scholarly research is performed. Moreover, our empirical findings also support a strong negative link between faculty time devoted to teaching and the supply of research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis through quantitative measurements of serum glycan profiles.

Background: Glycosylated proteins play important roles in cell-to-cell interactions, immunosurveillance, and a variety of receptor-mediated and specific protein functions through a highly complex repertoire of glycan structures. Aberrant glycosylation has been implicated in cancer for many years. Methods: We performed specific MALDI mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic profile analyses of permethylated glycans in sera from breast cancer patients (12, stage I; 11, stage II; 9, stage III; and 50, stage IV) along with sera from 27 disease-free women. The serum glycoproteins were enzymatically deglycosylated, and the released glycans were purified and quantitatively permethylated before their MALDI-MS analyses. We applied various statistical analysis tools, including ANOVA and principal component analysis, to evaluate the MS profiles. Results: Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N -glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N -glycans are characteristic of breast cancer ( P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). Conclusions: MS-based N -glycomic profiling of serum-derived constituents appears promising as a highly sensitive and informative approach for staging the progression of cancer.
Patterns of Local Failure following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Little is known about patterns of local failure following radiation therapy for prostate cancer. We aimed to characterize post-radiation biopsy findings, including the treatment effect and the zonal distribution of recurrent disease after radiation therapy, in men experiencing biochemical recurrence.Materials and Methods: We identified patients who received post-radiation biopsy in the setting of biochemical recurrence following primary radiation for localized disease. Histological post-radiation biopsy results were categorized by the absence of tumor, demonstration of radiation treatment effect, failure (recurrent cancer) or a combination of treatment effect and failure. We described patterns of histological failure and compared them to the diagnostic biopsy findings.Results: A total of 284 men underwent mapped post-radiation biopsy for biochemical recurrence. Mean age at initial diagnosis was 63 years and median prostate specific antigen was 8.2 ng/ml. Of the men 33%, 32% and 35% were classifie...
Sampling, groundplans, total evidence and the systematics of arthropods

The outline of arthropod relationships was clearly and firmly established by Snodgrass (1938) (Figure 8.1). All work on these taxa since then concerns the support for, and discussion of the basic groups he delineated. Although the efforts of Tiegs, Manton, and Anderson (Tiegs and Manton, 1958; Manton, 1964, 1973, 1979; Anderson, 1979) to incorporate functional morphology and observational embryology diverted discussion from Snodgrass' basic principles, the field has returned to the apportionment of variation so productive in the past.
Finger coordination during moment production on a mechanically fixed object

The moment production by several fingers on a mechanically fixed vertically oriented handle was studied under the systematic variations of task parameters such as (a) moment magnitude (1.0 Nm and 2.0 Nm) and (b) direction of moment production (into pronation and supination), as well as (c) vertical position of the handle from the moment axis, P (0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 cm in both directions). The purpose of this study was twofold: to investigate the dependences between the task parameters and the performance variables and to test the mechanical advantage hypothesis. The performance variables changed symmetrically with P. In particular, magnitudes of the net horizontal and vertical forces both showed an S-shape change. The position of the point of zero free moment (PZFM) was determined. In the intermediate grasp locations (when 0<P magnitude <PZFM), the contribution of Mfree (moment produced mainly by pronational or supinational effort) and the moment of the resultant force (moment generated mainly by pushing) into the total moment production scaled linearly with the P. The magnitudes of both agonist and antagonist moments (those acting in and against the direction of the required moment, respectively) of normal forces increased with P magnitudes while the magnitude of agonist moments of tangential forces decreased. For individual fingers, the ratio of finger force to its moment arm was not constant. The mechanical advantage hypothesis was successful in explaining some of the data but could not cope with other findings. We assume, therefore, that this hypothesis is limited in its applicability and may be task and effector specific.
Natural language dialogue for interactive planning

The goal of this project is to develop the underlying technologies for spoken dialogue systems to serve as highly interactive interfaces to AI-based reasoning systems. Most current speech and natural language projects are focusing on applications that involve only limited dialog, and little intelligent reasoning, such as data-base query and form-filling applications. But the great promise for speech and natural language interfaces is in providing useful interfaces to complex reasoning systems such as planning systems and expert systems.
THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE, CHRYSOMELA SCRIPTA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON TISSUE CULTURED HYBRID AIGEIROS ( POPULUS × EURAMERICANA ) SUBCLONES IN WISCONSIN

Adults and larvae of the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta Fab., defoliated tissue cultured Aigeiros (Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier) subclones and destroyed apical tips. Fecundity was 510 ± 153 eggs . Four generations occurred between May and September in southern Wisconsin. Maximal insect numbers and damage occurred in the third generation. The minimal developmental threshold was 10.8 °C with a mean 257 ± 26 day-degree (°C) required per generation. Important biological control agents included Coleomegilla maculata, which consumed up to 25% of the eggs, and Shizonatus latus, a pteromalid parasite, which destroyed up to 26% of the pupae.
Osteogenic protein-1 promotes growth and maturation of chick sternal chondrocytes in serum-free cultures

We examined the effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, or bone morphogenetic protein-7), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family, on growth and maturation of day 11, 15 and 17 chick sternal chondrocytes in high density monolayers, suspension and agarose cultures for up to 5 weeks. OP-1 dose-dependently (10-50 ng/ml) promoted chondrocyte maturation associated with enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased mRNA levels and protein synthesis of type X collagen in both the presence and absence of serum. In serum-free conditions, OP-1 promoted cell proliferation and chondrocyte maturation, without requiring either thyroid hormone or insulin, agents known to support chick chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. When grown in agarose under the same conditions, TGF-beta 1 and retinoic acid neither initiated nor promoted chondrocyte differentiation. The results demonstrate that OP-1, as the sole medium supplement, supports the maturation of embryonic chick sternal chondrocytes in vitro.
Open laparoscopy as a method of access in laparoscopic surgery

Objective To describe the technique of open laparoscopy and compare the rates of its complications to those of closed laparoscopy. Design Medline search, review of the literature and the author's experience. Results For open laparoscopy, the rate of umbilical infection in 15 622 cases was 0.4%, that of bowel injury in 20 335 cases was 0.1%, based on prospective, retrospective studies and a mail survey. Prospective and retrospective studies dealing with closed laparoscopy reported the following complication rates: umbilical infection: 1% of 4377 cases; vascular injury: 0.2% of 94 863 cases: visceral injury: 0.2% of 91 272 cases. The operating time for open and closed laparoscopy were substantially similar. Conclusion Open laparoscopy is advocated as the preferred method of access for laparoscopic surgery.
Support systems of elders in rural communities

The social network concept can be used to guide the extension of the mental health clinician's role to the practice of prevention on the local level. A model of such work is described which builds on clinical skills in collaborative consultation with formal and informal social support networks in a community. The model is illustrated and expanded through a case example of a project in a rural New England town to address issues of stress and support for frail elders. Focusing on the social network of such elders, consultations were developed to address the needs of middle generation caregivers, “natural helpers,” organized community associations, general community attitudes toward aging, and the ability of the community to secure and use outside resources. Issues of community entry through natural sponsorship are reviewed and the overall process of community empowerment is emphasized as a guiding principle in work with social networks.
Principles of Animal Use for Gerontological Research

This essay presents some practical advice and suggestions for those who wish to use mice and rats in experiments on the biology of aging. Ten principles set forth guidance on choice of ages, choice of stocks, the importance of specific pathogen-free status, the uses of necropsy data, the dangers of pooling samples from different individuals, planning ahead for loss of aged mice to death and disease, the use of cost-adjusted power calculations, and the dangers of inferring causal associations from correlated age effects.
CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF ANALGESIC AND NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE DIALYSIS

SUMMARY An investigation was undertaken in nineteen patients to compare the circulatory effects of droperidol and methotrimeprazine with those of four narcotic analgesics. All patients suffered from chronic renal failure and were undergoing maintenance dialysis. Fortyeight studies were carried out. Droperidol (12.5 mg and 5.0 mg) improved the cardiac output and oxygenation in ten unmedicated patients in the face of a slight fall in arterial pressure. Methotrimeprazine (10 mg and 20 mg) caused a greater fall in pressure but there seemed to be an adequately compensated increase in cardiac output in contradistinction to the one recipient of chlorpromazine 25 mg. Droperidol and methotrimeprazine had similar effects in general surgical patients. Pethidine 50 mg, morphine 10 mg, pentazocine 40 mg and fentanyl 0.075 mg all caused slight depression of oxygenation in the twenty-four recipients with chronic uraemia, but pethidine seemed to be most harmful, to these as well as eleven general surgical recipients. Pentazocine had a stimulant effect on the circulation. Fentanyl seemed to be the most sparing narcotic with respect to circulatory effects. Methotrimeprazine seemed worthy of further study for premedication in patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve. Droperidol was the most suitable premedicant for cardiac catheterization and seemed to be especially worthy of consideration as a therapeutic agent in patients with acute pulmonary oedema.
Coverage-based Clustering of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

In addition to the miniaturized sensor nodes, Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) employ significantly more capable actor nodes that can perform application specific actions to deal with events detected and reported by the sensors. Since these actions can be taken at any spot within the monitored region, the actors should strive to provide maximal coverage of the area. In addition, minimizing the time to decide which actor should take what action is of utmost important for responsiveness. In this paper, we propose a distributed actor positioning and clustering algorithm which employs actors as cluster-heads and places them in such a way that the coverage of actors is maximized and the data gathering and acting process times are minimized. Such placement of actors is done by determining the -hop Independent Dominating Set (IDS) of the underlying sensor network. The performance of the approach is validated through simulations.
Composition of concurrent programs

A model and a notation are developed for specifying the composition of concurrent programs. The work is based on the observation that the composition of concurrent programs often requires not only intraprocessor coordination but also interprocessor coordination. A notation is developed for explicitly specifying both forms of coordination within a single uniform framework. Much prior work has either ignored the interprocessor coordination aspects of composition, or treated it in a manner separate from the intraprocessor coordination aspects. >
Smokers' sources of e-cigarette awareness and risk information

Introduction Few studies have explored sources of e-cigarette awareness and peoples' e-cigarette information needs, interests, or behaviors. This study contributes to both domains of e-cigarette research.
Tolerance to appetite suppression induced by peptidoglycan.

Physiologically realistic peptidoglycan (PG) fragments, derived from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were shown previously to dose-dependently suppress food consumption and body weight gain in rats following single intraperitoneal injections. The present study, examining the effects of repeated daily injection of PG, provides additional support to our underlying hypothesis, i.e., that soluble PG fragments contribute to the loss of appetite commonly associated with bacterial infections. An initial intraperitoneal injection of purified, soluble, macromolecular, extensively O-acetylated PG fragments (S-O-PG) (240 micrograms/kg of body weight) decreased overnight food consumption in male Lewis rats (150 g) by approximately 35% relative to animals receiving diluent alone (P < 0.05). However, subsequent daily injections of S-O-PG resulted in progressively smaller effects on food consumption until, by the fourth day, rats were completely nonresponsive (tolerant) to S-O-PG-induced hypophagia. Rats that developed tolerance to the effects of S-O-PG on appetite were also tolerant to three other known hypophagic agents, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), muramyl dipeptide, and interleukin-1, when challenged one day after establishment of S-O-PG tolerance. Similarly, rats developed tolerance to repeated injections of muramyl dipeptide or LPS and were cross-tolerant to S-O-PG when challenged 1 day later. However, 30 days after establishment of S-O-PG tolerance, rats remained nonresponsive to S-O-PG but regained full responsiveness to LPS-mediated hypophagia. Thus, at least two mechanisms of tolerance to S-O-PG hypophagia exist: an early tolerance which is nonspecific and a late tolerance which is specific for S-O-PG. Late, but not early, tolerance to S-O-PG-mediated suppression of appetite was associated with an increase in specific anti-PG antibody activity as measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Visual tracking strategies for intelligent vehicle highway systems

The complexity and congestion of current transportation systems often produce traffic situations that jeopardize the safety of the people involved. These situations vary from maintaining a safe distance behind a leading vehicle to safely allowing a pedestrian to cross a busy street. Environmental sensing plays a critical role in virtually all of these situations. Of the sensors available, vision sensors provide information that is richer and more complete than other sensors, making them a logical choice for a multisensor transportation system. In this paper we present robust techniques for intelligent vehicle-highway applications where computer vision plays a crucial role. In particular, we demonstrate that the controlled active vision framework can be utilized to provide a visual sensing modality to a traffic advisory system in order to increase the overall safety margin in a variety of common traffic situations. We have selected two application examples, vehicle tracking and pedestrian tracking, to demonstrate that the framework can provide precisely the type of information required to effectively manage the given situation.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pseudarthrosis of the radius after fracture through normal bone in a child who had neurofibromatosis. A case report.

In most reports, the pseudarthroses were present at birth or they were the result of pathological fracture. We report the rare case of a child who had neurofibromatosis and a pseudarthrosis of the radius after fracture through radiographically normal bone
Paraneoplastic Syndromes (Contemporary Neurology Series)

In Paraneoplastic Syndromes Drs. Darnell and Posner present an accessible volume regarding this increasingly complex area of medicine, neurology, and neuro-ophthalmology. A broad audience will find...
The comparative research in safety and efficacy between nadroparin and dalteparin before elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy between nadroparin and dalteparin before elective percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Investigate the relationship among anti-Ⅹa activities APTT and ACT, between nadroparin and dalteparin.Method:A total of 101 consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI were randomized to either nadroparin (50 cases) or dalteparin (51 cases) group for procedural anticoagulation. According to protocol, the patients in nadroparin or dalteparin group were given nadroparin (0.01 mL/kg ) or dalteparin (120 IU/kg ) subcutaneously more than 48 hours twice per day before PCI. All patients were monitored for anticoagulation before and after PCI and adverse events (i.e. death, myocardial infarction) 30 days after PCI. Result:101 patients were completed. 1. The proportion, plasma anti-Xa activities of patients in nadroparin or dalteparin group above 0.5 IU/mL , exceeded 92 after 4 hours subcutaneous injection. The proportion descended to 74 and 36 in nadroparin group after 8 hours and 12 hours, 54.9 and 23.5 in dalteparin group, but had no significantly difference compared with nadroparin group. After 24 hours and 48 hours, the proportion of plasma anti-Xa activities of patients in both groups were above 0.5 IU/mL , achieved steady state and exceeded 96.0. 2. The plasma anti-Xa activities correlated with APTT significantly in both groups after 4 hours 24 hours and 48 hours(P0.05)。The plasma anti-Xa activities were hardly correlated with ACT, and had no difference in Statistics. 3. There were no adverse events in 30 days, and no significantly difference about bleeding events between the two groups.Conclusion:The subcutaneous injection of nadroparin or dalteparin for anticoagulation in patients before elective PCI is safe and effective. Anticoagulation effects can be maintained for at least 8 hours. APTT can response to the anticoagulation effects of nadroparin or dalteparin by subcutaneous injection. ACT can not response to the effects.
Recovery Of Natural Killer Cells and Monocyte Subsets Following Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts Longer Progression Free Survival Among Multiple Myeloma Patients

Prior research has shown that a timely immune recovery following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) may improve progression free and overall survival for lymphoma and leukemia patients (pts). However, this has not been studied in multiple myeloma (MM) pts. We conducted an exploratory investigation of the extent to which the recovery of Natural Killer (NK) cell and monocyte (Mo) subsets predicted progression free survival (PFS) among MM pts following autologous PBSCT. Patients (N = 37) were treated with 200mg/m 2 of melphalan, followed by infusion of >2 x10 6 CD34 cells/kg, and were followed prospectively for 3 to 36 months. Immunophenotyping and multicolor flow cytometry were used to identify NK and Mo subsets at Day 100 post-PBSCT. Disease progression or relapse was defined using IMWG criteria. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine relationships between cell subpopulation counts and time from PBSCT to MM progression. All models were adjusted for ISS stage and risk (high, defined as plasma cell leukemia; loss of p53, myc rearrangement, t(14;16), t(14:20) by FISH; minus 13 by cytogenetics; versus standard) at diagnosis, and hazard ratios were standardized to correspond to a 2 standard deviation difference in the logarithm of NK or Mo cell counts. Compared to a healthy reference sample, MM patients showed good recovery of all Mo subsets with normal counts by Day 100, but CD56+CD3- NK cell numbers remained low, with the subset of NK cells expressing high CD16 particularly suppressed. During the follow-up period, 25 patients (67.6%) progressed or relapsed. Pts with higher Day 100 CD56+CD16hi NK cell counts had a longer PFS (hazard ratio = .351, p = .033). A similar effect was seen for CD56+CD16lo NK cells (hazard ratio = .321, p = .079). Higher CD14+ Mo counts were also associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio = .230, p = .007). An examination of Mo subpopulations showed that higher numbers of Mo expressing low or no CD16 predicted a longer time to disease progression (hazard ratio = .207, p = .011), but the inflammatory subsets with moderate or high CD16 expression were not significantly associated with PFS. Results suggest that MM patients who have lower NK cell and CD14+ Mo counts may be at risk for a poorer outcome following autologous PBSCT, with these subsets adding prognostic significance above and beyond cytogenetic risk and ISS stage. Subpopulations with greater regulatory and less inflammatory function had the most salient effects. These NK cell and Mo subsets may inhibit residual MM growth and progression and could serve as novel markers of the clinical outcome following PBSCT for MM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Superior sagittal sinus size as an indicator of cerebral perfusion in infants and children with hydrocephalus

Nineteen infants and children with obstructive hydrocephalus were studied before and after shunting procedures. We compared ventricular size and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) size on CT. Clinical findings and transcranial Doppler resistivity index were correlated. Ventricular size and SSS were inversely related in 18 cases. In 2 cases the SSS correlated better than ventricular size with the clinical status. Resistivity index changes, when present, were useful. We felt that a qualitative guide to cerebral perfusion is available by inspecting the size and contour of the SSS on CT. This parameter may prove useful in decision-making in some cases.
Effects of resistance exercise in women with or at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) have been told in the past to avoid strenuous repetitive activities in order to decrease the risk of lymphedema development. Recent evidence suggests that exercise may be beneficial to decrease the signs/symptoms and development of lymphedema. This study assessed the arm circumferences of 27 BCS (64 ± 7 years) at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter during a 6-month resistance exercise training (RT) intervention. RT consisted of 2 days/week of 10 exercises including two sets of 8–12 repetitions at 52–69 % of the participants’ one-repetition maximum. A repeated measure analysis of variance revealed no significant changes in percent difference of arm circumferences at any assessment point (pre, 1.31 ± 6.21 %; post, 0.62 ± 6.55 %), nor were there any adverse lymphedema-related events reported during the study. These findings imply that RT can be a safe activity for women with or at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema.
Minimal incision living donor nephrectomy compared to the hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy.

Background. There has been a surge of minimally invasive procedures for living donor nephrectomy. We compared our minimal incision living donor (MILD) nephrectomy to hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) living donor nephrectomy Methods. We conducted a Medline search and compared our first 45 MILD nephrectomies to the data from the University of Michigan (UM), Tulane University (TU), and the University of Chicago (UC). Results. The MILD incision was smaller than the cumulative incisions in the UM and UC groups (8.6, 11 and 10.4 cm, respectively). The operating times were similar in the UM and UC groups (209, 246, and 215 min, respectively). The UM and TU lengths of hospital stay (1.8 and 2.2 days) were shorter than those of the MILD and UC groups (2.5 and 2.8 days). Conclusions. MILD nephrectomy has results similar to those of HAL living donor nephrectomy. It allows the surgeon with a traditionally trained background to perform a safe, minimally invasive operation without laparoscopic technology.
Distinct Physical Function Profiles in Older Adults Receiving Cancer Chemotherapy.

Abstract Context Although physical function is an important patient outcome, little is known about changes in physical function in older adults receiving chemotherapy (CTX). Objectives Identify subgroups of older patients based on changes in their level of physical function; determine which demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with subgroup membership; and determine if these subgroups differed on quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes. Methods Latent profile analysis was used to identify groups of older oncology patients ( n = 363) with distinct physical function profiles. Patients were assessed six times over two cycles of CTX using the Physical Component Summary score from the Short Form 12. Differences, among the groups, in demographic and clinical characteristics and QOL outcomes were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. Results Three groups of older oncology patients with distinct functional profiles were identified: Well Below (20.4%), Below (43.8%), and Above (35.8%) normative Physical Component Summary scores. Characteristics associated with membership in the Well Below class included the following: lower annual income, a higher level of comorbidity, being diagnosed with depression and back pain, and lack of regular exercise. Compared with the Above class, patients in the other two classes had significantly poorer QOL outcomes. Conclusion Almost 65% of older oncology patients reported significant decrements in physical function that persisted over two cycles of CTX. Clinicians can assess for those characteristics associated with poorer functional status to identify high-risk patients and initiate appropriate interventions.
Statistics of velocity fluctuations of Geldart A particles in a circulating fluidized bed riser

Particle velocity fluctuations in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed are observed to be anisotropic and non-Maxwellian. Interfacial drag acting on high-density configurations lead to excursions resulting in Levy flight of particles.
Increasing Student Understanding of Response Spectra: An Argument for the Inductive Learning Approach

Creating and interpreting earthquake response spectra are important fundamentals in earthquake engineering education. We argue that an effective approach for teaching the fundamentals of earthquake...
Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans

Global climate models were used to assess changes in the mean, variability and extreme sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in northern oceans with a focus on large marine ecosystems (LMEs) adjacent to North America, Europe, and the Arctic Ocean. Results were obtained from 26 models in the Community Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archive and 30 simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Large Ensemble Community Project (CESM-LENS). All of the simulations used the observed greenhouse gas concentrations for 1976–2005 and the RCP8.5 “business as usual” scenario for greenhouse gases through the remainder of the 21st century. In general, differences between models are substantially larger than among the simulations in the CESM-LENS, indicating that the SST changes are more strongly affected by model formulation than internal climate variability. The annual SST trends over 1976–2099 in the 18 LMEs examined here are all positive ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 ° C decade–1. SST changes by the end of the 21st century are primarily due to a positive shift in the mean with only modest changes in the variability in most LMEs, resulting in a substantial increase in warm extremes and decrease in cold extremes. The shift in the mean is so large that in many regions SSTs during 2070–2099 will always be warmer than the warmest year during 1976–2005. The SST trends are generally stronger in summer than in winter, as greenhouse gas heating is integrated over a much shallower climatological mixed layer depth in summer than in winter, which amplifies the seasonal cycle of SST over the 21st century. In the Arctic, the mean SST and its variability increases substantially during summer, when it is ice free, but not during winter when a thin layer of ice reforms and SSTs remain near the freezing point.
Is It Ethically Appropriate to Refuse to Compensate Participants Who Are Believed to Have Intentionally Concealed Medical Conditions

Whether to compensate research participants, how much to compensate participants, and the role compensation may play in a participant's decision to enroll in research have been long debated in the ...
The Amphibian as a Key Step in the Evolution of Lymphoid Tissue and Diverse Immunoglobulin Classes

Numerous studies have revealed that the lymphoid tissue of the chicken comprises two distinct peripheral components with basically separate functions. If newly hatched chicks are subjected to complete extirpation of the bursa of Fabricius plus near lethal total body irradiation, these chickens grow up as immunological cripples unable to produce demonstrable amounts of circulating antibodies (1, 2). Such chickens lack both of the known immunoglobulins, IgM and IgG. Nevertheless, even though grossly defective in ability to synthesize antibody and gamma globulin, such chickens have normal or essentially normal ability to develop and express cell-mediated immunity. In contrast, chickens subjected to total body irradiation and complete thymic extirpation grow up as immunological cripples unable to execute the cell-mediated immunities; i.e., delayed allergy, homograft immunity, and capacity to execute the graft-versus-host reactions. This division of immunological functions on the basis of influence of two separate central lymphoid organs is reflected in specialization of structure in the peripheral lymphoid organs; e.g., spleen, lymph nodes, skin, and intestinal lymphoid aggregates. Chickens irradiated and bursectomized in the newly hatched period completely lack plasma cells and germinal centers, but possess normal numbers of circulating small lymphocytes and normal aggregates of lymphocytes in the spleen, lymph nodes and other lymphoid cell organs and tissues. The thymus-dependent lymphocyte population is responsible for the cell-mediated immune reaction while the bursa-dependent germinal centers and plasma cells are responsible for the synthesis of immunoglobulin and antibody.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED CHEMICAL VAPOR INFILTRATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC–CERAMIC COMPOSITES

Exploiting chemical reactions, of the type used in chemical vapor deposition to fill the interstices between fibers of a preform, as a means of producing ceramic matrix-ceramic fiber composites, has been examined by several previous investigators. This technique, known as chemical vapor infiltration, suffers from the difficulty that the reactions occur at elevated temperatures. Consequently the preform must be heated and this is typically achieved by placing it in a furnace where it is heated from the outside by radiation and convection. The exterior of the preform is therefore hotter than the interior and inward diffusing gas molecules tend to react near the exterior, sealing off the exterior before full density is approached in the interior.
Post-Nissen Syndrome

Nissen fundoplication is the most common antireflux operation performed. In spite of its wide use it is associated with frequent complications, some creating significant patient morbidity, i.e., dysphagia and gas bloat, while other more severe complications may be life threatening, i.e., gastric fistula. Since our initial report we continue to be impressed by the wide variety of failures and the severity of symptoms following such a failed operation (Hill et al. 1979). This prompted our review of these patients with documentation of the nature of the failed operation and the therapy required for each failure.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ISOZYMES AND THE MATURATION OF NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC MUSCLE

Publisher Summary Many investigations of the cholinesterases (ChE) of muscle have focused upon acetylcholine hydrolysis of adult tissue. Activity distributed throughout the embryonic muscle fibers is lost during development, and ChE becomes restricted in most adult muscles to the myoneural junctions. Several isozymes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and non-specific cholinesterase are suppressed during muscle development. These isozymes are not lost in muscles from chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy, and it is possible that ChEs play a special role in this abnormality. The chapter describes the changes that occur in ChE isozymes during the development of normal and dystrophic muscle. This chapter presents the evidence from denervation studies demonstrating that innervation suppresses fetal ChE forms in normal, but not in dystrophic, muscle. It presents recent studies of the ChE activity of embryo muscle cells grown in vitro .
The influence of job candidates’ physical appearance on interview evaluations: A prototype matching model.

Abstract. The influence of a candidate’s physical appearance on interview evaluations is well documented. However, few models exist that explain how and why specific components of physical appearan...
The Constant Liberal: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left

This book is an excellent contribution to the scholarly literature of Canadian political biography, partly because it invites readers to think seriously about its conclusions, regardless of whether...
Impact of minimally invasive gastrectomy on use of and time to adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma

Background Chemotherapy improves outcomes in patients with resectable gastric cancer. Minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIS) rates are increasing, though the impact of MIS on postoperative chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study examines the impact of MIS vs open gastrectomy (OG) on utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk gastric cancer. Methods Patients in the National Cancer Database who underwent resection for high-risk gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2015 were included. Patients were stratified by surgical approach (MIS vs OG) and analyzed using multivariable regression modeling. Primary endpoints were utilization of and time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. Results Overall, 23 071 patients were included; 16 595 (71.9%) underwent OG and 6476 (28.1%) underwent MIS. After adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics, MIS was not associated with increased use of adjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.027, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95 to 1.11, P = .50), and time to initiation of chemotherapy was similar (-2% change, 95% CI: -5% to +1%, P = .27). MIS was associated with shorter hospital stays (-1 day). Thirty-day readmission rates, 90-day mortality, and overall survival were similar between groups. Conclusions In this study, while MIS for gastric adenocarcinoma was associated with shorter hospital stays and comparable survival, it was not associated with improved utilization or time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy.
On Argument and Diagrams

This essay responds to Charles Willard's 1976 paper in Communication Monographs. Here it is contended that Willard's proposed redefinition of “argument” is flawed and that argument diagrams have bo...
A retrospective analysis of 112 cases of adverse drug reaction of Chinese drug preparations

Objective To study the characteristics and regularities of Chinese drugs preparations ADR in order to improve the rational drug use.Methods A total of 112 cases of TCM ADR reports collected in 2009～2011 which have been presented to the Guangzhou ADR Monitoring Center.Results Of the 112 cases,26 kinds of drugs were involved,quinquagenarian were the main crowd,intravenous infusion was the main route of administration,the main types of TCM ADR were lesions of skin and accessories.Conclusion Great importance should be attached to TCM ADR monitoring to promote rational drug use in the clinic. Key words: Chinese drugs preparations; Adverse drug reaction; Retrospective analysis
Sequelae in Adults at 6 Months After COVID-19 Infection.

Many individuals experience persistent symptoms and a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness.1 Existing studies have focused on hospitalized individuals 30 to 90 days after illness onset2,3,4 and have reported symptoms up to 110 days after illness.3 Longer-term sequelae in outpatients have not been well characterized.