cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open Metal−Organic Framework Containing Cuprate Chains

A three-dimensional Cu(II) metal−organic framework, copper hydroxide p-pyridinecarboxylate hydrate, [Cu(OH)(C5H4NCO2)·H2O], was synthesized by hydrothermally reacting copper nitrate with p-pyridinecarboxylic acid. The crystals were suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which showed that the Cu(II) centers adopt a slightly distorted square pyramidal geometry. They coordinate to both the pyridyl and carboxylate functionalities of the pyridinecarboxylate bridging ligands. Infinite copper oxide chains run through the structure and are connected by p-pyridinecarboxylate (p-PyC) ligands. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 3.5521(2) A, b = 15.8665(11) A, c = 12.9977(9) A, β = 95.285(2)°, and Z = 4. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the guest H2O molecules in the channels may be removed, and the material is stable to ca. 245 °C. Magnetic measurements indicated the material has one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnetic ordering within the Cu2+ chains with a Neel temperatu...
Matching of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli of Farm Families and Their Animals

terized as to their patterns of resistance to antibiotics. Identical antibiograms that were found in E. coli of members of the farm family and associated groups of animals were counted as matches, using three types of counting techniques. Five hundred random assortments were made between the set of 14 farm families and the set of 14 groups of livestock. Matches were also counted when farm families were matched with their own livestock. With randomization, three of the 500 assortments yielded a value as large as the 44 matches observed when farm families were matched with their own livestock. Statistical tests indicate a strong association between the resistance patterns of the E. coli isolated from people and those isolated from their livestock.
Magnetic resonance imaging of white matter changes in traumatic leukoencephalopathy.

Abstract Computed tomography has become a prime method of examination after trauma. We report a case of traumatic leukoencephalopathy detected with highfield strength, heavily T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with minimal computed tomography findings.
Electron detachment for collisions of H − and D − with hydrogen molecules

Absolute total cross sections for electron detachment and the production of slow product ions have been measured for collisons of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, and HD. The threshold behavior of the detachment cross section for the above reactants has been determined in experiments in which the relative collision energies range from about 1 eV up to several hundred. The thresholds for detachment for both ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions are found to be larger than the electron affinity. Isotopic substitution reveals that the detachment cross sections scale with relative collision energy at low collision energies and with relative collision velocity at high collision energies. Upper and lower bounds on detachment-rate constants which are based upon the measurements are presented.
Fractals, fault-gouge, and friction

The particle-size distribution of a natural fault-gauge has been determined over the range from 5 μm to 40 cm. The gouge is self-similar over the range from 5 μm to 1 cm having a fractal dimension of 2.60 ± 0.11. The lower and upper fractal limits were also determined. The lower fractal limit occurs at a dimension of about 1–10 μm where mineral cleavage and intergranular porosity dominate the cataclasis. The upper fractal limit occurs at particle sizes on the order of 1 cm where the scaled particle density decreases abruptly by a factor of about three. By analogy to soil-mechanics shear box tests and laboratory rock friction experiments, it is argued that the upper fractal limit of the gouge determines the characteristic displacement parameter in stick-slip friction models. A characteristic displacement on the order of 1 cm is consistent with estimates based on numerical simulations of faulting.
A morphologic study of FL cells infected with para-influenza 3 virus

The sequential changes in FL cells infected with para-influenza 3 virus under conditions in which persistent infection develops were studied by light microscopy, specific immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy. Hemadsorption in this system was also examined by electron microscopy. The giant multinucleated cell, the characteristic initial cytopathic effect, was shown to be truly syncytial. Specific immunofluorescence appeared in syncytia in the nuclei and at the nuclear membrane; later when the giant cells had broken down and proliferating pleomorphic, spindle-shaped and rounded cells appeared, fluorescence was most pronounced at the plasma membranes. Virus particles which arise from the plasma membranes were first seen along the plasma membrane of otherwise unchanged cells just outside the syncytia. There was extensive virus release at the borders of spindle-shaped cells and in the region of virus release the cytoplasm was finely filamentous. The virus particles ranged in size from 100 to 160 mμ. They were seen to have a limiting membrane with an inner structure consisting of several dense, round profiles. There was also an outer amorphous, ill-defined layer. Definite changes in the ultrastructure of the nucleus were infrequent but small granules in the nuclear matrix with diameters of 11 to 17 mμ were of special interest. Both virus-and cyto-hemadsorption were seen but the pattern differed from that seen with influenza virus.
CHINESE ART: HOW DIFFERENT COULD IT BE FROM WESTERN PAINTING?

When encountering something unfamiliar, it is natural to describe and understand it by reference to what is familiar. Commentary on Chinese landscape painting usually relies heavily upon analogies with Western art. James Elkins, concerned to understand the implications of this procedure, asks whether in seeing and writing about this art we ever can escape our Western perspectives. His problem is not just that he himself does not know Chinese. Even bilingual specialists or native Chinese speakers employ this vocabulary, for the vocabulary of contemporary art history, developed in the West, now is the language of academic art history everywhere. We know that we are distorting our descriptions of this Chinese art, even though we don't know how to “get it right.” In the history of European painting from Cimabue to the present, it would be hard to find any Western paintings that could be confused with any art made in China, so the frequent reliance of scholars upon such comparisons seems problematic. Of course, in the near future this situation might change. Perhaps in fifty years, as China becomes more prosperous, art history will become a hybrid discipline. At that point, the situation, which Elkins analyzes, will be reversed. But such a change is a long way in the future.
Posttranslational glutathiolation of aldose reductase (AKR1B1): a possible mechanism of protein recovery from S-nitrosylation.

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of the catalytic activity of aldose reductase (AR). It reacts with the active site cysteines of AR and this reaction results in the formation of several kinetically distinct forms of the protein. The catalytic activity of AR is increased in the ischemic heart and this increase in activity is associated with NO-dependent modification of AR. During reperfusion, the enzyme reverts back to its un-activated form. Although, AR activation has been linked to thiol oxidation, the mechanisms of de-activation remain unclear. Here we report that treatment of recombinant human AR (AKR1B1) by a non-thiol-based NO-donor (DEANO) results in activation and S-nitrosylation of the protein. The nitrosylated (ARSNO), but not the reduced (ARSH), protein reacted with reduced glutathione (GSH) and this reaction resulted in the formation of glutathiolated AR (ARSSG). The modification of AR by NO was site-specific at Cys-298 and was not affected by selective mutation of the neighboring residue, Cys-303 to an alanine. Incubation of the glutathiolated AR (ARSSG) with GSH resulted in the regeneration of the reduced form of the protein (ARSH). Treatment of nitrosylated AR (ARSNO) with ascorbic acid also led to the conversion of the protein to its reduced form. These observations suggest that intracellular reductants such as GSH and ascorbate could convert the nitrosylated form of AR to its basal or reduced state. In general, such reductive reactions might represent a common mechanism for denitrosylating proteins or an “off” switch in NO-mediated signaling pathways involving protein S-nitrosylation reactions.
Acid mine drainage affects the development and function of epilithic biofilms in streams

AbstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) is a legacy of historical coal mining that affects several thousand stream kilometers around the world by contributing high loads of acidity, SO42−, metals, and other cations. Most research has focused on how AMD affects diversity and structure of various biological assemblages, whereas considerably less has focused on functional processes in streams. We investigated how AMD from abandoned coal mines affects epilithic biofilm development and function. Algal biomass and accrual rates were significantly lower in AMD-affected stream reaches than in control streams. Biomass and accrual rates were lowest at intermediate AMD-affected sites (pH = 5.1–5.9), probably because copious amounts of AlOH3 precipitates smothered the benthic habitat. Ratios of β-glucosidase (GLU):β-xylosidase (XYLO) were significantly correlated with algal biomass (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), probably because algae are important sources of C that is readily broken down by bacterial GLU activity, whereas XYLO ...
PEP-19, an Intrinsically Disordered Regulator of Calmodulin Signaling

PEP-19 is a small calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein that greatly increases the rates of association and dissociation of Ca2+ from the C-domain of CaM, an effect that is mediated by an acidic/IQ sequence in PEP-19. We show here using NMR that PEP-19 is an intrinsically disordered protein, but with residual structure localized to its acidic/IQ motif. We also show that the kon and koff rates for binding PEP-19 to apo-CaM are at least 50-fold slower than for binding to Ca2+-CaM. These data indicate that intrinsic disorder confers plasticity that allows PEP-19 to bind to either apo- or Ca2+-CaM via different structural modes, and that complex formation may be facilitated by conformational selection of residual structure in the acidic/IQ sequence.
CT reconstruction algorithm selection in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules.

Objective We have observed a significant CT artifact in the evaluation of lung nodules that occurred with the use of high-spatial-frequency reconstruction algorithms. We have seen this lead to a false-positive diagnosis of calcification in a small uncalcified lung nodule. Because of the seriousness of misinterpretation of benign calcification in an uncalcified nodule, we reviewed the various effects of several reconstruction algorithms on different scanners. Materials and methods Using high-spatial-frequency, smoothing, and intermediate reconstruction algorithms, we studied standardized cylinders in a CT reference phantom and lung nodules in eight patients. Algorithms on four CT scanners were analyzed. Results We found peripheral edge enhancement artifact on some CT images of phantom cylinders and uncalcified lung nodules. The images with edge enhancement artifact were obtained from two scanners with the use of high-spatial-frequency algorithms (Picker 1200 SX and GE HiSpeed Advantage). Conclusion Use of high-spatial-frequency reconstruction algorithms for the analysis of lung nodules with thin-section CT may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of calcification.
Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Rescue of the Cognitive Defects in a Mouse Model for Angelman Syndrome

Angelman syndrome (AS), a genetic disorder occurring in approximately one in every 15,000 births, is characterized by severe mental retardation, seizures, difficulty speaking and ataxia. The gene responsible for AS was discovered to be UBE3A and encodes for E6-AP, an ubiquitin ligase. A unique feature of this gene is that it undergoes maternal imprinting in a neuron-specific manner. In the majority of AS cases, there is a mutation or deletion in the maternally inherited UBE3A gene, although other cases are the result of uniparental disomy or mismethylation of the maternal gene. While most human disorders characterized by severe mental retardation involve abnormalities in brain structure, no gross anatomical changes are associated with AS. However, we have determined that abnormal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulation is seen in the maternal UBE3A deletion AS mouse model and is responsible for the major phenotypes. Specifically, there is an increased αCaMKII phosphorylation at the autophosphorylation sites Thr286 and Thr305/306, resulting in an overall decrease in CaMKII activity. CaMKII is not produced until after birth, indicating that the deficits associated with AS are not the result of developmental abnormalities. The present studies are focused on exploring the potential to rescue the learning and memory deficits in the adult AS mouse model through the use of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to increase neuronal UBE3A expression. These studies show that increasing the levels of E6-AP in the brain using an exogenous vector can improve the cognitive deficits associated with AS. Specifically, the associative learning deficit was ameliorated in the treated AS mice compared to the control AS mice, indicating that therapeutic intervention may be possible in older AS patients.
Effect of Growth on Variability of Left Ventricular Mass: Assessment of Allometric Signals in Adults and Children and Their Capacity to Predict Cardiovascular Risk

Objectives. We sought to determine whether growth influences the relation between left ventricular mass and body size and whether use of different body size indexes affects the ability of ventricular mass to predict complications of hypertension. Background. Allometric (or growth) signals between left ventricular mass and height have recently been reported to improve previous approaches for normalization of ventricular mass for body size. Methods. Residuals of left ventricular mass—height 2.7 relations were analyzed in a learning series of 611 normotensive, normal-weight subjects 4 months to 70 years old and, separately, in 383 children ( Results. The dispersion of residuals of ventricular mass versus height 2.7 increased with increasing height or age in children but not in adults, suggesting that the effect of other variables on ventricular growth increases during body growth and stabilizes in adulthood. Therefore, we derived separate allometric signals for adults (predicted ventricular mass = 45.4 × height 2.13 , r = 0.48) and children (32.3 × height 2.3 , r = 0.85) (both p 2.7 (p 2.13 and body surface area (all p 0.1). Conclusions. These results show the following: 1) Variability of left ventricular mass in relation to height increases during human growth; 2) allometric signals of left ventricular mass versus height are lower in adults and children than those obtained across the entire age spectrum; 3) height-based indexes of left ventricular mass at least maintain and may enhance prediction of cardiac risk by hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy; and 4) the allometric signal derived across the entire spectrum of age appears to be more useful for prediction of cardiovascular risk than that computed in adults.
Development of a standardized methodology for quantifying total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species

Despite the availability of several protocols for the extraction of chlorophylls and carotenoids from foliage of forest trees, information regarding their respective extraction efficiencies is scar...
Features of foreign proteins affecting their retrograde transport in axons of the visual system

The retrograde axoplasmic transport of foreign proteins in the rat visual system shows certain specificities. The molecular features of these proteins which may underlie their entry into the retrograde phase have been examined using biochemical and morphologic techniques. Of the isoenzymes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the basic isoenzyme C is strongly transported, while the acidic isoenzymes Aβ and Aα are transported weakly and not at all, respectively. Decreasing the isoelectric point (pI) of isoenzyme C from 8.2 to 4.4 decreases its transport, but a basic pI is not the sole requisite for transportability since two other basic peroxidases (turnip isoenzyme P7 and lactoperoxidase) are not transported in retrograde. The sugar component as a whole of isoenzyme C does not appear to be required for determining transport. Isoenzyme C and the other proteins which are transported enter multivesicular bodies in axons and axon terminals, as well as synaptic and coated vesicles and fine tubules in axon terminals. The non-transported proteins enter only the vesicular organelles thought to be involved in neurotransmitter recycling in axon terminals and do not enter multivesicular bodies. Thus the two systems of axonal membraneous compartments involved in local synaptic recycling versus the retrograde phase of transport do not show the same specificity of uptake of extracellular tracers and can be dissociated by the experimental use of these peroxidases.
Combining Expert Systems and Cad Techniques

Drawings provide a medium for communicating design decisions. The dtask of preparing and changing design drawings has been simplified by various packages available for computer aided drafting (CAD). Recently, expert-systems techniques are being used to aid the design process by monitoring and refining design decisions. Combining expert systems and CAD techniques raises issues concerning representation of the design. An expert system for evaluation of the design. An expert system for evaluation of preliminary structural designs has been implemented using an expert system shell and a CAD package. This and other similar implementations illustrate different approaces to the integration problems
Lysine supplementation of commercial fishmeal‐free diet in hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis affects expression of growth‐related genes

Our recent results in hybrid striped bass (HSB) concluded that ideal protein theory accurately predicts first-limiting amino acids in commercial diet formulations if accurate amino acid availability data are used and that appropriate levels of supplemental lysine are needed to improve fish performance from fishmeal-free diets. Our goal in this study was to elucidate how dietary lysine supplementation of a commercial fishmeal-free diet influences the expression of two genes, myostatin and myogenin, controlling myogenesis in differentially growing groups of HSB. Real-time RT-PCR results in HSB suggest that the levels of lysine added to the diet (17.8, 35.1, 51.0 g kg−1 of diet) has an impact on myogenin relative to the basal unsupplemented diet, but no effect on myostatin. Moreover, our data further suggest that the amount of dietary lysine supplementation influenced the ratio of myostatin/myogenin expression in HSB and that this pattern mimicked that of most of the growth, composition of growth and nutrient retention data from our previous study and may therefore be a useful marker for selecting fish for improved growth performance.
An Optical Processor For Product Inspection

Coherent optical proce'ssors are described that optically generate feature spaces in parallel at high speed. A wedge ring detector sampled Fourier feature space is described, since it provides dimensionality reduction and features that are invariant to translation and in-plane rotation of the input object. Thus, the object being inspected can be positioned and oriented anywhere within the input field of view. An optical Hough transform processor is also described. This Hough feature space is attractive for many mensuration functions required in inspection. New techniques for using Hough space features are presented and demonstrated. These new techniques provide in-plane distortion-invariance, and determination of the orientation and location of the object in the field of view. We also discuss how the Fourier coefficients, the wedge ring detector sampled Fourier coefficients, and the Hough transform features can all be produced on a single optical processor. To provide a cost-effective real time system, an inexpensive liquid crystal television is used as the input transducer, with its electrical input obtained from a CCD camera viewing the product to be inspected. Several different inspection problems and quantitative optical laboratory test data are included to demonstrate and quantify the performance and use of this processor for product inspection.
Complementary therapy in chronic wound management: a holistic caring case study and praxis model.

Abstract Holistic caring consists of providing care to each aspect of a patient's life through the use of therapeutic caring and complementary or alternative healing modalities. Since nursing consists of caring for the whole person and not just the disease process, consideration of a patient's physical, emotional, social, economic, spiritual, and cultural needs is necessary in dealing with any chronic health problem such as chronic wounds. In this model case studies presentation, the purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of the holistic caring approach and the use of complementary and alternative medicine or therapeutic modalities in chronic wound management. The use or role of theory in practice will also be discussed to emphasize the holistic caring praxis model used in the holistic assessment and holistic plan of care for the cases presented. This article also presents a framework that will help wound care and holistic nurses move from simply the positivist-modernist philosophy to begin to embrace the postmodernist philosophy.
Regulation of the smooth muscle contractile phenotype by nonmuscle myosin

The contractile phenotype of a smooth muscle can broadly be classified as phasic or tonic. Following activation, phasic smooth muscle exhibits an initial period of rapid force activation, following which force falls to a lower steady state level. In contrast, force generated by tonic smooth muscle rises slowly to a sustained steady state. The differences in contractile patterns cannot be explained by the time course of either the Ca2+ transient or phosphorylation of the 20-kDa regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20). Therefore, a molecular marker that defines tonic and phasic smooth muscle contractile properties remains elusive. Further, smooth muscle can maintain force at low levels of MLC20 phosphorylation; often referred to as the latch state. The mechanism for the latch state is unknown and has been hypothesized to be due to a number of mechanisms including the formation of slowly cycling dephosphorylated or latch cross-bridges (Hai and Murphy, Am J Physiol 253:H1365–H1371, 1988). This review will focus evidence suggesting that nonmuscle myosin IIB (NMIIB) are the latch cross-bridges in smooth muscle and NMIIB content could define the tonic contractile phenotype.
Hydrodesulfurization catalysis by transition metal sulfides

Abstract The primary effect in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene by transition metal sulfides is “electronic,” i.e., it is related to the position the metal occupies in the periodic table. This effect, which determines the ability of the transition metal sulfides to catalyze the HDS reaction, varies over three orders of magnitude across the periodic table. The first-row transition metal sulfides are relatively inactive, but the second- and third-row transition metals show maximum activity with Ru and Os. HDS activity as a function of periodic position yields typical “volcano” plots.
“Republika Srpska will have a referendum”: the rhetorical politics of Milorad Dodik

The theory and practice of referenda played an important role in the break-up of Yugoslavia, especially in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), where two divisive referenda preceded the Bosnian War of 1992–1995. After the failure of constitutional reforms in April 2006, Milorad Dodik, then Republika Srpska's prime minister, suggested that Republika Srpska had the right to hold its own referendum, with separation from Bosnia an unstated (yet soon openly discussed) aspiration. This paper presents an account of the emergence of Republika Srpska referendum discourse and how it was articulated by Milorad Dodik to establish his SNSD party as the dominant force in Republika Srpska. It documents the dialogical context and rhetorical gambits used by Dodik to articulate the discourse, tracing how it evolved in response to regional events and elections. The paper concludes by considering the limits of interpreting Dodik as a demagogue and of a discourse-centered approach to political rhetoric.
On-line Learning of Motion Patterns using an Expert Learning Framework

Tracking uncertain mobile objects such as humans and vehicles is an important problem in computer vision, robotics, and geo-spatial visualization. As the name suggests, predictor-corrector tracking is performed in two steps -prediction and correction. Prediction steps have typically utilized a-priori motion model most common of which is a uniform motion model. In this work, we apply an expert learning framework for on-line prediction and learning the motion of an uncertain mobile object. We define a number of probabilistic experts, each of which predicts the future position of the object with some uncertainty and then combine the predictions of all the experts to produce an estimate of the object's location. Individual experts predictions are weighted adaptively depending on their performance. We show that this adaptive combination is powerful when there are changes in the pattern of the object's motion. Results of our algorithm are compared with linear extrapolation and the best off-line expert predictions. We have tested our algorithm with synthetic data using uniform and non-uniform patterns as well as real data acquired using GPS equipment in presence of intermittent and highly erroneous data.
Differential Effects of M1 and 5-Hydroxytryptamine1A Receptors on Atypical Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Dopamine Efflux in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Systemic administration of the M(1) receptor agonists N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC) and 4-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-7-fluoro-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one (AC260584) increase dopamine (DA) efflux in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This increase is blocked by systemic administration of both telenzepine, a preferential M(1) receptor antagonist, and N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (WAY-100635), a 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor antagonist. The present study sought to determine whether DA efflux in the mPFC induced by the atypical antipsychotic drugs clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine is also mediated by M(1) receptor stimulation and, specifically, to determine whether these effects are mediated M(1) receptors in the mPFC through use of in vivo microdialysis in awake, freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats. Telenzepine (3 mg/kg) significantly attenuated clozapine- (20 mg/kg), olanzapine- (10 mg/kg), and risperidone- (1.0 mg/kg) induced increases in mPFC DA efflux. Local mPFC perfusion of NDMC, AC260584, clozapine, risperidone, or olanzapine (10-500 microM), significantly increased DA efflux in the mPFC. Local mPFC perfusion of telenzepine (0.1 microM) prevented increases in mPFC DA efflux induced by systemic administration of AC260584 (10 mg/kg), NDMC (20 mg/kg), and clozapine (10 mg/kg), but not by risperidone (1.0 mg/kg) or olanzapine (10 mg/kg). However, local mPFC perfusion of WAY-100635 (0.1 microM) prevented mPFC DA efflux induced by clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine, but not by AC260584 or NDMC. These results suggest that the AC260584-, NDMC-, and clozapine-induced DA efflux in the mPFC is mediated directly by mPFC M(1) receptors.
The friction of ice on ice at low sliding velocities

Abstract The kinetic coefficient of friction μ has been measured for both freshwater, granular ice and saltwater, columnar ice sliding against itself. The variables were ambient temperature (−3°C to −40°C), sliding velocity (5 × 10−7 −5 × 10−2 ms−1), normal pressure (0.007–1.0 MPa) and grain size (2.5–6.0 mm). Generally, μ decreased with increasing velocity and with increasing temperature, but was relatively insensitive to both pressure and grain size over the ranges investigated. At the lower temperatures (−30°C and −40°C) the frictionvelocity curve exhibited a peak at intermediate velocities. The friction coefficients for freshwater and saltwater ice were almost indistinguishable at higher temperatures (−3°C and −10°C), but saline ice had lower friction at lower temperatures. The results are explained in terms of frictional heating, creep and fracture.
A chronological database as backbone for clinical practice and research data management

To be widely accepted by physicians, computerized support systems for medical decision-making must be seamlessly integrated into the clinical workflow. These systems must present accurate information in a useable format to the right person at the right time. To build the large, clean, and reusable clinical databases needed for predictive modeling and for the coming wave of translational laboratory research, researchers and clinicians need more efficient medical database designs. We. developed a database organized chronologically as date-variable-value entries. By collecting complete disease and treatment history for patients, the database could serve both clinical and research needs. A prostate cancer database was prototyped in Microsoft Access and subsequently upsized to a SQL Server and ColdFusion web application; the system, an open source application, is now in use at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and at several outside institutions. The system has reduced the difficulty of data entry, eased error checking, and improved the flexibility, efficiency, and reproducibility of creating research datasets from raw data. For clinicians, the system improves efficiency chiefly by displaying a single screen intuitive summary of patient data and by reducing the need for dictation. Currently, we are working to expand the system to other forms of cancer, and to implement a physician. Tablet PC interface.
A CoD-based stationary control policy for intervening in large gene regulatory networks

One of the most important goals of the mathematical modeling of gene regulatory networks is to alter their behavior toward desirable phenotypes. Therapeutic techniques are derived for intervention in terms of stationary control policies. In large networks, it becomes computationally burdensome to derive an optimal control policy. To overcome this problem, greedy intervention approaches based on the concept of the Mean First Passage Time or the steady-state probability mass of the network states were previously proposed. Another possible approach is to use reduction mappings to compress the network and develop control policies on its reduced version. However, such mappings lead to loss of information and require an induction step when designing the control policy for the original network. In this paper, we propose a novel solution, CoD-CP, for designing intervention policies for large Boolean networks. The new method utilizes the Coefficient of Determination (CoD) and the Steady-State Distribution (SSD) of the model. The main advantage of CoD-CP in comparison with the previously proposed methods is that it does not require any compression of the original model, and thus can be directly designed on large networks. The simulation studies on small synthetic networks shows that CoD-CP performs comparable to previously proposed greedy policies that were induced from the compressed versions of the networks. Furthermore, on a large 17-gene gastrointestinal cancer network, CoD-CP outperforms other two available greedy techniques, which is precisely the kind of case for which CoD-CP has been developed. Finally, our experiments show that CoD-CP is robust with respect to the attractor structure of the model. The newly proposed CoD-CP provides an attractive alternative for intervening large networks where other available greedy methods require size reduction on the network and an extra induction step before designing a control policy.
Spiritual coping predicts 5-year health outcomes in adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Background Positive spiritual coping in adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with better emotional functioning, but its role in health outcomes is unknown.
Relations of Equality

C. Napier Bell. Tangweera: Life and Adventures among Gentle Savages. Introduction by Philip A. Dennis. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989. 318 pp. Illustrations, appendices, index. (Original, without introduction, 1899.) $25.00 (cloth).
Evaluation of the floppy infant

Abstract The floppy infant represents a diagnostic challenge to paediatricians. Tone is the resistance to movement in a muscle and "floppy" is the term used for hypotonia, which is the feeling of reduced resistance of muscles to passive stretching. Hypotonia can arise from a wide range of disorders, from abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS), any element of the peripheral neuromuscular system (the lower motor unit, LMN), or both. Establishing a diagnosis in the hypotonic infant is crucial for prognosis, management, treatment strategies and genetic counselling. The list of conditions to consider is increasingly complex and ever-growing, and a careful and thorough diagnostic approach is essential. This review will take you through the evaluation of the floppy infant, illustrated with two cases.
Weights Modulo a Prime Power in Divisible Codes and a Related Bound

In this paper, we generalize the theorem given by R. M. Wilson about weights modulo pt in linear codes to a divisible code version. Using a similar idea, we give an upper bound for the dimension of a divisible code by some divisibility property of its weight enumerator modulo pe. We also prove that this bound implies Ward's bound for divisible codes. Moreover, we see that in some cases, our bound gives better results than Ward's bound
Resolution and precision of a delay-Doppler radar altimeter

A conventional radar altimeter incoherently averages successive radar returns to form measurement waveforms. In contrast, a delay-Doppler radar altimeter combines coherent processing and incoherent averaging. This near-optimum approach leads to significantly improved measurement precision and footprint resolution than are possible from a conventional incoherent altimeter. These factors enable a new standard for oceanic altimeter applications, especially marine geodesy.
Workgroup temperance of alcohol and safety climate moderate the cognitive effects of workplace substance-abuse prevention.

This research examined the independent and combined influence of workgroup drinking norms and safety climate on the cognitive outcomes of prevention. Employees from 72 workgroups (n = 347) were randomly assigned to attend 1 of 2 training conditions or a control group that did not receive training until after follow-up questionnaires. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed there was a significant effect of the interaction between safety climate, drinking norms, and training on beliefs that policy and the employee assistance program are effective. Informational training was least effective for employees from relatively temperate workgroups. Team awareness was less effective for employees from tolerant groups. Employees might benefit more from interventions tailored to individual and workgroup cultural factors.
STRAP: editor for STRuctural Alignments of Proteins

STRAP is a comfortable and extensible tool for the generation and refinement of multiple alignments of protein sequences. Various sequence ordered input file formats are supported. These are the SwissProt-,GenBank-, EMBL-, DSSP- PDB-, MSF-, and plain ASCII text format. The special feature of STRAP is the simple visualization of spatial distances C(alpha)-atoms within the alignment. Thus structural information can easily be incorporated into the sequence alignment and can guide the alignment process in cases of low sequence similarities. Further STRAP is able to manage huge alignments comprising a lot of sequences. The protein viewers and modeling programs INSIGHT, RASMOL and WEBMOL are embedded into STRAP. STRAP is written in JAVA: The well-documented source code can be adapted easily to special requirements. STRAP may become the basis for complex alignment tools in the future.
Field‐ionization mass spectrometry—fragmentation and metastables

Field-ionization (FI) mass spectrometry is an established method for obtaining abundant molecular ions1 of a variety of compounds, and recently has been used in conjunction with exact mass measurements for determination of elemental compositions of molecules.2,3 Very little, however, has been reported on the value of normal fragment ions and metastable ions appearing in the FI spectrum as a source of structural information.
Mission Essential Fitness: Comparison of Functional Circuit Training to Traditional Army Physical Training for Active Duty Military

ABSTRACTAppropriate and effective physical fitness training is imperative for soldier survival and mission success. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Mission Essential Fitness (MEF) circuit-style training program compared to standard Army Physical Readiness Training (APRT) on fitness, physiological, and body composition changes. Active duty Army personnel were randomly assigned to two groups (MEF = 34 or APRT = 33) for 8 weeks of training (15 sessions each). The MEF program included functional movements focused on strength, power, speed, and agility. Fifteen exercises were performed continuously for 60 to 90 seconds for 45 minutes. Baseline and post-test measures included the Army physical fitness test, physiological indicators, body composition, and additional fitness indicators. One-way analysis of covariance models indicated that MEF participants significantly increased their push-ups (p = 0.033), bench press (p = 0.001), and flexibility (p = 0.003) and significantly decreased t...
Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase and Protein Kinase C Phosphorylate N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors at Different Sites

Ca2+ influx through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors plays a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity during brain development as well as in mature brain. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family are also essential for various forms of synaptic plasticity and regulate the activity of different ion channels including NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. We now demonstrate that PKA and various PKC isoforms phosphorylate the NMDA receptor in vitro. The stoichiometry of [32P]phosphate incorporation per [3H]MK-801 binding site is greater than 1 for both PKA and PKC. Double immunoprecipitation experiments show that all three NMDA receptor subunits that are prevalent in the cortical structures, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, are substrates for PKA as well as PKC. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping reveals that the major phosphorylation sites for PKA and PKC differ for all three subunits. We provide evidence that some if not most of these sites are phosphorylated in the central nervous system of rats in vivo. The results presented in this article together with earlier electrophysiological experiments demonstrating that PKA and PKC activation increases the activity of NMDA receptors indicate that NMDA receptor potentiation can be mediated by direct phosphorylation by PKA and PKC. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that NMDA receptor functions such as control of neuronal development or expression of synaptic plasticity are modulated by PKA- and PKC-mediated phosphorylation of NMDA receptors.
Single microdroplet ejection using an ultrasonic longitudinal mode with a PZT/tapered glass capillary

We have developed an ultrasonic PZT/tapered glass capillary resonant actuator that can eject a single droplet every acoustic cycle without also generating satellite droplets. The mechanism of the actuation is resonant longitudinal motion-induced squeezing of a tapered volume. The actuator is driven at 160 kHz and requires voltages less than 2 V/sub pp/ to operate. In this paper, the droplet generation of isopropanol and water mixtures, which have different densities, viscosities, and surface tensions, is investigated. It is determined that the geometrical squeezing mechanism and the ejected jet breakup makes the droplet size independent of frequency, but more a function of the ejecting orifice diameter that is much smaller than the capillary wavelength.
Experimental scrapie in mice: Ultrastructural observations

Scrapie, kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are characterized by a similar spongiform pathology, prolonged incubation periods, and an agent with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Swiss mice were inoculated with the scrapie agent and sacrificed three to five months later for light and electron microscopy. At three months, small vacuoles were seen within the neuropil of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. By the fifth month these vacuoles had increased in number and size and were accompanied by moderate astrocytic proliferation. The brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord showed variable changes of much less intensity. Many dialted postsynaptic processes contained osmiophilic particles in random or crystalline arrays. The particles, measuring approximately 23 nm in diameter, appeared consistently in postsynaptic processes of brain from scrapie-infected mice, were lacking in controls, and were of a size consistent with sedimentation and filtration data for the scrapie agent. Whether these particles represent the scrapie agent must await further studies.
Electrocardiographic Features of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy According to Disease Severity A Need to Broaden Diagnostic Criteria

Background— The purpose of this study was to systematically study diagnostic and prognostic electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). Methods and Results— The patient population included 50 patients with ARVD/C (27 males, 23 females; mean age 38±15 years). We also analyzed the ECG of 50 age- and gender-matched normal control subject and 28 consecutive patients who presented with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia. Right bundle-branch block (RBBB) was present in 11 patients (22%). T-wave inversions in V1 through V3 were observed in 85% of ARVD/C patients in the absence of RBBB compared with none in RVOT and normal controls, respectively (P<0.0001); epsilon waves were seen in 33%, and a QRS duration ≥110 ms in V1 through V3 was present in 64% of patients. Among those without RBBB, our newly proposed criterion of “prolonged S-wave upstroke in V1 through V3” ≥55 ms was the most prevalent ECG feature (95%) and correlated with...
EVOLVING A FUNCTIONAL BASIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN

All products and artifacts are designed for a purpose. There is some intended reason behind their existence: the product or artifact function. Functional modeling provides an abstract, yet direct, method for understanding and representing an overall product or artifact function. Function modeling also provides a strategy for problem decomposition, physical modeling, product architecting, concept generation, and team organization. A formal function representation is needed to support function modeling, and a standardized set function-related terminology is necessary to achieve repeatable and meaningful results from such a representation. We refer to this representation as a functional basis; in this paper, we seek to reconcile and integrate two independent research efforts into a significantly evolved functional basis. These efforts include research from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and two U.S. universities, and their industrial partners. The overall approach for integrating the functional representations is developed, in addition to the final results. The integration process is discussed relative to differences, similarities, insights into the representations, and product validation. Based on the results, a more versatile and comprehensive design vocabulary is obtained. This vocabulary will greatly enhance and expand the frontiers of research in design repositories, product architecture, design synthesis, and general product modeling.
The q = 1 phenomenon for bounded (plane) partitions via homology concentration

Algebraic complexes whose "faces'' are indexed by partitions and plane partitions are introduced, and their homology is proven to be concentrated in even dimensions with homology basis indexed by fixed points of an involution, thereby explaining topologically two quite important instances of Stembridge's $q=-1$ phenomenon. A more general framework of invariant and coinvariant complexes with coefficients taken $\mod 2$ is developed, and as a part of this story an analogous topological result for necklaces is conjectured.
5.27 Ene–Yne Metathesis

Ene–yne metathesis (EYM) is an efficient catalytic method for diene synthesis using simple unsaturated reactants. The reaction shows excellent functional group tolerance characteristic of the Grubbs ruthenium carbenes. That the ruthenium carbenes are widely available and easy to use explains the widespread application of EYM in organic chemistry. Successful ring-closing applications have led to increased use of EYM in total synthesis. Some of the synthetic appeal is due to the accessibility of the simple reactants and the use of the resulting 1,3-dienes in subsequent transformation including cascade reactions. Combined metathesis sequences or tandem reactions provide a rapid gain in structural complexity using a catalytic reaction as the key carbon–carbon bond-forming step. The successful application of EYM in complex molecule synthesis combined with continuing improvements in substrate scope and a refined understanding of reaction mechanism has made EYM a useful synthetic method for C–C bond construction. This chapter reviews the literature of EYM and provides an overview of the reactions' capabilities.
Art Markets, Images, and Commercialization

If we assume that aesthetics entails a form of communication rather than appreciation, tourist art objects may be seen as vital symbols of change. They are part of an exchange system in which the movement toward mass production creates a stimulus for audience response and the further reinterpretation of the artworks. Primarily a product of the urban scene and expanded commercial networks, tourist art in Africa demonstrates a wide range of innovation. The expressive forms span a variety of artistic traditions—from intricately carved wooden masks to ornate sculptures and richly woven textiles.1 These art objects are both symbolic expressions and concrete products of culture contact and change.2 As such, they offer an important key to understanding new cultural categories.