cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heritable variation in garter snake color patterns in postglacial populations.

Global climate change is expected to trigger northward shifts in the ranges of natural populations of plants and animals, with subsequent effects on intraspecific genetic diversity. Investigating how genetic diversity is patterned among populations that arose following the last Ice Age is a promising method for understanding the potential future effects of climate change. Theoretical and empirical work has suggested that overall genetic diversity can decrease in colonial populations following rapid expansion into postglacial landscapes, with potential negative effects on the ability of populations to adapt to new environmental regimes. The crucial measure of this genetic variation and a population’s overall adaptability is the heritable variation in phenotypic traits, as it is this variation that mediates the rate and direction of a population’s multigenerational response to selection. Using two large full-sib quantitative genetic studies (NManitoba=144; NSouth Dakota=653) and a smaller phenotypic analysis from Kansas (NKansas=44), we compared mean levels of pigmentation, genetic variation and heritability in three pigmentation traits among populations of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, along a north-south gradient, including a postglacial northern population and a putative southern refuge population. Counter to our expectations, we found that genetic variance and heritability for the three pigmentation traits were the same or higher in the postglacial population than in the southern population.
Maintained tubuloglomerular feedback responses during acute inhibition of P2 purinergic receptors in mice

Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), the change of afferent arteriolar resistance initiated by changes of luminal NaCl concentration, is thought to be related to NaCl-dependent release of ATP by macula...
Ten practical techniques for high assurance systems engineering

This paper presents ten practical techniques that help engineer complex systems that have stringent dependability and real-time requirements. The techniques described are software centric but in most cases they apply to systems as a whole.
A linguistic analysis of question taxonomies

Recent work in automatic question answering has called for question taxonomies as a critical component of the process of machine understanding of questions. There is a long tradition of classifying questions in library reference services, and digital reference services have a strong need for automation to support scalability. Digital reference and question answering systems have the potential to arrive at a highly fruitful symbiosis. To move towards this goal, an extensive review was conducted of bodies of literature from several fields that deal with questions, to identify question taxonomies that exist in these bodies of literature. In the course of this review, five question taxonomies were identified, at four levels of linguistic analysis.
IDO-Independent Suppression of T Cell Effector Function by IFN-γ–Licensed Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) inhibit proliferation of activated T cells, and IFN-γ plays an important role in this process. This IFN-γ-licensed veto property is IDO-dependent. To further decipher the mechanistic underpinnings of MSC veto function on T cells, we investigated the effect of MSCs and IFN-γ-licensed MSCs on T cell effector function as assayed by cytokine secretion of T cells. Although MSCs and IFN-γ-licensed MSCs inhibit T cell proliferation, only IFN-γ-licensed MSCs significantly inhibit Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) production by T cells. Additionally, IFN-γ-licensed MSCs inhibit T cell degranulation as well as single, double, and triple cytokine-producing T cells. Although IFN-γ-licensed MSCs upregulate their IDO activity, we found that MSC IDO catalytic function is dispensable with regard to MSC-driven inhibition of T cell effector function. Novel flow cytometry based functional screening of MSC-expressed, IFN-γ-licensed inhibitory molecules identified B7H1 and B7DC/PD1 pathways as essential effectors in blocking T cell function. Small interfering RNA-mediated blocking of B7H1 and B7DC reverses the inhibitory potential of IFN-γ-licensed MSCs on T cell effector function. Mechanistic analysis revealed that clustering of MHC and coinhibitory molecules are indispensable for the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ MSCs. Although exogenous IL-2 reverses B7H1-Ig-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation, it does not affect the veto function of IFN-γ MSCs on both T cell proliferation and effector function. Our results reveal a new immunosuppressive property of IFN-γ-licensed MSCs that inhibits T cell effector function independent of IDO but through the ligands for PD1.
Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE): an algorithm for the validation of image segmentation

Characterizing the performance of image segmentation approaches has been a persistent challenge. Performance analysis is important since segmentation algorithms often have limited accuracy and precision. Interactive drawing of the desired segmentation by human raters has often been the only acceptable approach, and yet suffers from intra-rater and inter-rater variability. Automated algorithms have been sought in order to remove the variability introduced by raters, but such algorithms must be assessed to ensure they are suitable for the task. The performance of raters (human or algorithmic) generating segmentations of medical images has been difficult to quantify because of the difficulty of obtaining or estimating a known true segmentation for clinical data. Although physical and digital phantoms can be constructed for which ground truth is known or readily estimated, such phantoms do not fully reflect clinical images due to the difficulty of constructing phantoms which reproduce the full range of imaging characteristics and normal and pathological anatomical variability observed in clinical data. Comparison to a collection of segmentations by raters is an attractive alternative since it can be carried out directly on the relevant clinical imaging data. However, the most appropriate measure or set of measures with which to compare such segmentations has not been clarified and several measures are used in practice. We present here an expectation-maximization algorithm for simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE). The algorithm considers a collection of segmentations and computes a probabilistic estimate of the true segmentation and a measure of the performance level represented by each segmentation. The source of each segmentation in the collection may be an appropriately trained human rater or raters, or may be an automated segmentation algorithm. The probabilistic estimate of the true segmentation is formed by estimating an optimal combination of the segmentations, weighting each segmentation depending upon the estimated performance level, and incorporating a prior model for the spatial distribution of structures being segmented as well as spatial homogeneity constraints. STAPLE is straightforward to apply to clinical imaging data, it readily enables assessment of the performance of an automated image segmentation algorithm, and enables direct comparison of human rater and algorithm performance.
Emergence of gp120 V3 Variants Confers Neutralization Resistance in an R5 Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaque Elite Neutralizer That Targets the N332 Glycan of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein

Neutralization-resistant simian-human immunodeficiency virus AD8 (SHIVAD8) variants that emerged in an infected macaque elite neutralizer targeting the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 N332 glycan acquired substitutions of critical amino acids in the V3 region rather than losing the N332 glycosylation site. One of these resistant variants, carrying the full complement of gp120 V3 changes, was also resistant to the potent anti-HIV-1 monoclonal neutralizing antibodies PGT121 and 10-1074, both of which are also dependent on the presence of the gp120 N332 glycan.
Calcium‐induced salt tolerance in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain C124b**

Abstract CaCl2 can induce NaCl tolerance in the free-living microsymbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. The phenomenon of external Ca2+ alleviating salt stress has been previously reported for the freshwater alga Nitellopsis obtusa as well as for higher plants. The divalent cations, St2+, Ba2+, and Mg2+ were able to substitute in part for the CA2+-mediated effect. Substitution of sucrose for NaCl to the same osmolality did not result in growth arrest, suggesting that Ca2+ was not conferring an osmotic alleviation. Tn5-induced mutants of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae strain C1204b were isolated which no longer responded to the addition of exogeneous divalent cations in the alleviation of NaCl toxicity. All of the mutants but one maintained the same level of NaCl sensitivity as the parental strain. All of the mutants were Nod+ Fix+ on Pisum sativum.
NEW AUSTRALIAN SCENOPINIDAE (DIPTERA) III

This paper presents the descriptions of 10 new species of Australian Scenopinidae and places the genus Scenopinula Paramonov in synonymy with Scenopinus Latreille on the basis of the previously undescribed male of Scenopinula pallidipennis Paramonov. The new species consist of 5 new Scenopinus, S. arrectus, S. casuarinus, S. erugatus, S. eyrei, S. renneri; 2 new Paramonova Kelsey, P. bungabandii and P. zentae; a new Paratrichia Kelsey, P. spicata; and 2 new Riekiella Paramonov, R. arnhemi and R. longitermina. All new species are completely figured and existing keys have been modified to include the new forms.
Who Does the Public Trust? The Case of Genetically Modified Food in the United States

Trust is important for the perception of many types of risk, including those relating to genetically modified (GM) food. Who the public trusts in any given circumstance, however, is not well understood. In this study of public trust regarding GM food, an exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation reveals public classification of three common institutional types-evaluators, watchdogs, and merchants. The structure of relationships among these stakeholders can act to enable or constrain public support for this new technology. Evaluators-scientists, universities, and medical professionals-are the most trusted. Watchdogs-consumer advocacy organizations, environmental organizations, and media sources-are moderately trusted. Merchants-grocers and grocery stores, industry, and farmers-are least trusted. While the federal government is seen as closest to being an evaluator, it is not highly correlated with any of the factors. The lack of trust in the organizations with the greatest resources and responsibilities for ensuring the safety of GM food should be seen as an important obstacle to the adoption of the technology.
Drawing from Resistance: Folklore, Race, and Secret Identities: The Asian American Superhero Anthology

Cathy Schlund-Vials's essay examines the groundbreaking Asian American graphic narrative collection, Secret Identities (2009). Schlund-Vials argues that the comic's form provides Asian American artists and writers to speculate on non-normative and exceptional identities by putting a twist on the all-American superhero folklore. According to Schlund-Vials's analysis, graphic narratives offer a culture venue to explore alternative histories and identities that reimagine the past, present, and future for Asian Americans.
Business and Aging: The Boomer Effect on Consumers and Marketing

This chapter provides a foundation for understanding businesses’ emerging interest in the older adult as a consumer and introduces the silver market phenomenon dedicated to the mature market. We present the influence of consumerism on the life courses of American baby boomers and the importance of considering the life course perspective for researching older adult consumers. Finally, we discuss the potential of aging boomers and older adults as valuable economic contributors.
PathFinder: a signature-search miniapp and its runtime characteristics

Graphs are widely used in data analytics applications in a variety of fields and are rapidly gaining attention in the computational scientific and engineering (CSE) application community. An important application of graphs concerns binary (executable) signature search to address the potential of a suspect binary evading binary signature detection via obfuscation. A control flow graph generated from a binary allows identification of a pattern of system calls, an ordered sequence of which can then be used as signatures in the search. An application proxy, named PathFinder, represents these properties, allowing examination of the performance characteristics of algorithms used in the search. In this work, we describe PathFinder, its signature search algorithm, which is a modified depth-first recursive search wherein adjacent nodes are compared before recursing down its edges for labels, and its general performance and cache characteristics. We highlight some important differences between PathFinder and traditional CSE applications. For example, the L2 cache hit ratio (less than 60%) in PathFinder is observed to be substantially lower than those observed for traditional CSE applications.
Measuring Usability in Decision Tools Supporting Collaborations for Environmental Disaster Response

Disaster prediction, community preparedness, infrastructure resilience, and costs are a subset of the reasons environmental disaster response and risk assessment collaboration tools are vital for preserving the future. Even using decision support and intelligent data, tools are often inhibited by specialized and even proprietary goals in the sense that overall efficient collaborations are not yet possible - or the positive impacts are lessened across all resilience applications. Before proceeding with new developments, an analysis of existing applications was necessary for tools having a certain evaluation criteria cross-section of decision support, collaboration potential, and usability factors for users of all knowledge levels. To our best knowledge, a usability study of such tools is currently missing. Thus, this paper presents an analysis of existing risk assessment and disaster response tools to enable user communities to select the appropriate tools for their respective environmental response goals.
Properties of a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H Films Deposited by Photo-Assisted CVD

Chemical vapor deposition techniques, in particular plasma enhanced CVD, have been used to produce high quality a-Si:H materials. Continuing research is directed toward increased device performance, improved stability, and translation of scale to commercial production. A part of this effort is the evaluation of alternate CVD techniques which in addition to providing technical options for high efficiency and long term stability are likely to lead to improved understanding of the relationships between deposition processes and material properties. A relatively new technique for depositing a-Si:H is photo-CVD which utilizes ultraviolet light to initiate the decomposition of silane or disilane. The best results from both materials properties and device efficiency points of view have been achieved using mercury sensitized photo-CVD. Recently, a 10.5% efficient a-Si:H p-i-n photovoltaic cell, fabricated by photo-CVD, was reported [1]. A limitation in photo-CVD has been preventing deposition on the UV transparent window. In this paper we describe a new photo-CVD reactor with a moveable UV-transparent Teflon film and secondary gas flows to eliminate window fouling. The deposition and opto-electronic characterization of intrinsic a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H and p-type a-SiC:H are described. Finally, preliminary results of p-i-n solar cells are presented.
Minocycline-induced Cartilage Hyperpigmentation Mimicking Alkaptonuria in a Patient with Knee Pain.

Ochronosis is the bluish-black discoloration of tissues typically due to the rare autosomal-recessive metabolic disorder alkaptonuria, caused by a mutation of the HGD gene on chromosome 3. This gene mutation results in a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, leading to the accumulation and deposition of homogentisic acid in cartilage and other connective tissues. …
The coming of vegetables, fruits and key nutrients to the European diet

On the basis of evidence now accumulating, vegetables and fruits were not always an integral part of the European diet. Prior to 1800, vegetables and fruits were not esteemed but rather looked down upon. It has only been over the past two centuries that these two critical foods have come into vogue. First, they had to be accepted by a growing number of medical men and observers. Then, once licensed as edible foods, vegetables and fruits, starting with the potato, actually did make their way into every man's diet. And by the end of the nineteenth century, these rich sources of carotene and Vitamins A, C and E became so universal that Europeans now forgot that a hundred years earlier these foods had barely been consumed.
Problems in Library Cataloging Outsourcing and Its Countermeasures

Based on the problems in book cataloguing outsourcing,the author put forward relevant solutions for solving these problems.
Disciplining Individuals: Treatment Regimes Inside ‘Native-Only’ Lunatic Asylums

Writers who have considered the asylums established by the British for Indian patients tend to agree that these places were rudimentary lock-ups for those admitted. Shridhar Sharma christens the period from 1858 to 1906 the ‘second phase of development’ and concludes that ‘the asylums then constructed were simply places of detention,’1 pointing to ‘the apathy and indifference on the part of the authorities at that time, to the needs of mental patients.’2 The work of Waltraud Ernst, although mainly focused on the asylums in British India for European patients, comes to a similar conclusion. She characterizes these institutions by the middle of the nineteenth century as simply ‘refuges or temporary receptacles.’3
Optimal Design for Stability under Dissipative, Gyroscopic, or Circulatory Loads

This paper concerns the optimization of elastic structures with regard to their stability under applied loads. The loads are assumed to be autonomous (they do not depend explicitly on time) and may be circulatory (velocity-independent, not derivable from a potential), gyroscopic (velocity-dependent, derivable from a potential), or dissi-pative (velocity-dependent, not derivable from a potential), in addition to the classical conservative loads.
Multiscale real-space quantum-mechanical tight-binding calculations of electronic structure in crystals with defects using perfectly matched layers

We consider the scattering of incident plane-wave electrons from a defect in a crystal modeled by the time-harmonic Schrodinger equation. While the defect potential is localized, the far-field potential is periodic, unlike standard free-space scattering problems. Previous work on the Schrodinger equation has been almost entirely in free-space conditions; a few works on crystals have been in one-dimension. We construct absorbing boundary conditions for this problem using perfectly matched layers in a tight-binding formulation. Using the example of a point defect in graphene, we examine the efficiency and convergence of the proposed absorbing boundary condition.
Identifying new targets to improve skeletal formation in human adults

H rely on their skeleton during their lifespan for several crucial functions as diverse as body support, walking, and energy balance. Unfortunately, during aging the human skeleton loses bone mass and its function are impaired. This leads to diseases such as Osteoporosis. A woman’s risk of breaking a hip due to osteoporosis is equal to her risk of breast, ovarian and uterine cancer combined. And a man age 50 or older is more likely to break a bone due to osteoporosis than he is to get prostate cancer. For most bone diseases, new innovative treatments and therapeutics are needed. However, in order to develop these, the formation of the skeleton and the skeletal changes in adults must be determined. Bone is a dynamic living tissue that hosts a variety of different cell types embedded into mineralized matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a growth factor that drives stem cell differentiation and bone growth in vivo. However, it has several side effects, when being used in the clinic. Therefore therapeutics and treatments based on the signaling pathway of BMP2 may show great potential to induce skeletal growth. Using a systems biology approach we modeled the BMP2 signaling pathway and defined key targets in the BMP2 signaling pathway. We confirmed their role using atomic force microscopy combined with fluorescent microscopy. Moreover, we developed a peptide that activates specific signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. We showed that systemic injection of this peptide in mice causes increase in bone mineral density and mineral apposition rate as well as trabecular thickness. These results suggest that the peptide is a powerful mediator of skeletal growth and may be used to improve skeletal formation in adults.
Ribosomes in Motion: The Dynamics of Nature's Protein Synthesis Machinery

The ribosome can be regarded as a molecular machine that converts chemical and thermal energy into productive mechanical work. This chemo- and thermomechanical view of ribosome function continues to fuel efforts to identify the mobile components of the ribosomal machine, characterize the structural dynamics of these components, and develop an understanding of how these dynamics are regulated in order to direct mechanical processes during protein synthesis. It is within this context that our research group has developed a fully reconstituted, fluorescently labeled in vitro translation system and used it for single-molecule fluorescence imaging studies of protein synthesis. Together with ensemble biochemical investigations of protein synthesis by the ribosome and structural studies of functional ribosomal complexes, single-molecule fluorescence imaging of protein synthesis continues to provide unique and powerful mechanistic insights into this fundamental biological process. In this talk, I will present recent and ongoing work from our research group aimed at developing an ever-deeper understanding of the function of the ribosome during protein synthesis. In addition, I will discuss what we envision lies ahead as single-molecule fluorescence imaging approaches continue to evolve and expand to address increasingly complex mechanistic and regulatory aspects of this fundamental biological process.
Rehearsals of Teaching and Opportunities to Learn Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching

ABSTRACTThis study addresses how rehearsals of teaching could support teachers in developing mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). The analysis of 30 rehearsals, from elementary methods courses in 3 teacher education programs, attends to what novice teachers and teacher educators did in rehearsal that enlisted MKT. The findings elaborate the tasks that enlisted MKT in practice and the work of the teacher educator in supporting novice teachers' learning of MKT inside the interactive work of teaching.
Translation models revisited

Abstract Translation models have been defined as memoryless mappings of Gaussian elements which match exactly/approximately target marginal distributions/correlations. We extend this class of translation models to include memoryless mappings of non-Gaussian elements. It is shown that quantities of interest inferred from equivalent translation models, i.e., models which share the same marginal distributions and have similar second moments, can differ significantly. It is suggested to construct families of equivalent translation models and select members of these families which are optimal for given quantities of interest.
Characterization of Seafloor Roughness to Support Modeling of Midfrequency Reverberation

A seafloor laser scanner was deployed in the Gulf of Mexico during the 2013 Target and Reverberation Experiment (TREX13). This system collected digital elevation maps at 14 locations along the main reverberation track, and these measurements provide roughness power spectra for modeling seafloor acoustic scattering. The spectra were divided into two regimes according to the mid and high-frequency acoustic measurements made during the experiment. For the wave numbers corresponding to the midfrequency regime (2–4 kHz), the spectra could be approximated using the mean spectral exponent derived from the all of the spectra. With this spectral exponent, the best fit spectral strengths were found to be negatively correlated to the backscatter levels measured at 400 kHz using a multibeam echosounder (MBES). While the scattering mechanisms at 400 kHz are not influenced by the roughness at these low wave numbers, this correlation may be indirectly related to the bioturbation and the spatial variation of the shell content. A more pronounced correlation was found for the high wave numbers, where again a single spectral exponent could be used to a good approximation. In this case, the spectral strengths were also linearly related to the MBES backscattering level but with a positive correlation. For these wave numbers, the roughness is largely influenced by the shell content, which is also the dominant scattering mechanism at 400 kHz. The correlations between the roughness and the MBES measurements provide a means to approximate the seafloor roughness parameters in both wave number regimes throughout the experiment site. For the low wave number spectrum, an alternative approach is also proposed, which uses the spectral parameters for the mean spectrum to approximate the roughness throughout the TREX13 site.
Social Network Effects on Performance and Layoffs: Evidence from the Adoption of a Social Networking Tool

By studying the changes in employees’ networks before and after the introduction of a social networking tool, I find that a structurally diverse network (rich in structural holes) can generate two types information benefits that are theorized to improve work performance: information diversity and social communication. Analyzing their effects on two types of work outcomes: billable revenue and layoffs, I find that information diversity is more correlated with generating billable revenue than is social communication. However, the opposite is true for layoffs. Friendship, as approximated by social communications, is more correlated with retention than is information diversity. Field interviews suggest that friends can serve as advocates in critical situations, ensuring that favorable information is distributed to decision makers. This, in turn, suggests that having a structurally diverse network can drive both work performance and job security, but that there is a trade-off between either mobilizing friendship or gathering diverse information.
SLE and Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in an 18 Year-Old Presenting with a Skin Rash

Encephalitides such as anti NMDA receptor encephalitis have been on the rise in recent years Anti NMDA receptor encephalitis most commonly presents as psychosis delusions and other neurological deficits As with most autoimmune disorders anti NMDA receptor encephalitis has a higher incidence in females and the average age of onset is An An what is mean year old male presented with a rash and agitation that was diagnosed as HSV and suffered TEN after beginning acyclovir treatment After the patient deteriorated and was unsuccessful in responding to multiple sedatives for agitation the proper autoimmune pathology was narrowed down to anti NMDA receptor encephalitis In previous cases of anti NMDA receptor encephalitis ndash patients responded to some sedative agents like dexmedetomidine The patient responded well to IVIG methylprednisone and hydroxychloroquine treatment of people show full recovery from the condition if treated properly this patient passed away from cardiac arrest months after recovering The unique case presented discusses the challenges of diagnosing and managing anti NMDA receptor encephalitis and warrants the need for further investigation of the pathophysiology and differing responses to sedative agents in patients
Multiparametric Analysis, Sorting, and Transcriptional Profiling of Plant Protoplasts and Nuclei According to Cell Type

Flow cytometry has been employed for the analysis of higher plants for approximately the last 30 years. For the angiosperms, ∼500,000 species, itself a daunting number, parametric measurements enabled through the use of flow cytometers started with basic descriptors of the individual cells and their contents, and have both inspired the development of novel cytometric methods that subsequently have been applied to organisms within other kingdoms of life, and adopted cytometric methods devised for other species, particularly mammals. Higher plants offer unique challenges in terms of flow cytometric analysis, notably the facts that their organs and tissues are complex three-dimensional assemblies of different cell types, and that their individual cells are, in general, larger than those of mammals.This chapter provides an overview of the general types of parametric measurement that have been applied to plants, and provides detailed methods for selected examples based on the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. These illustrate the use of flow cytometry for the analysis of protoplasts and nuclear DNA contents (genome size and the cell cycle). These are further integrated with measurements focusing on specific cell types, based on transgenic expression of Fluorescent Proteins (FPs), and on analysis of the spectrum of transcripts found within protoplasts and nuclei. These measurements were chosen in particular to illustrate, respectively, the issues encountered in the flow analysis and sorting of large biological cells, typified by protoplasts; how to handle flow analyses under conditions that require processing of large numbers of samples in which the individual samples contain only a very small minority of objects of interest; and how to deal with exceptionally small amounts of RNA within the sorted samples.
New Delhi’s All-India War Memorial (India Gate): Death, Monumentality and the Lasting Legacy of Empire in India

This paper traces the colonial and postcolonial histories of one of India’s most iconic structures, New Delhi’s All-India War Memorial. Designed and built by Edwin Lutyens immediately after the Gre...
Secular versus Christian Inpatient Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Programs: Impact on Depression and Spiritual Well-Being:

Holistic conceptions of healthy personality and functioning theorize that spiritual and psychological well-being and wholeness are interconnected. In an inpatient group of clinically depressed Chri...
People who need people: Trait loneliness influences positive affect as a function of interpersonal context.

Abstract Trait loneliness is associated with negative health consequences; understanding involved processes may elucidate its contributory role. Evolutionary and reaffiliative models associate loneliness with negative affect and dysregulated cortisol responding, while the social monitoring system model associates loneliness with heightened salience of social cues. We hypothesized that loneliness would be associated with greater negative affect and cortisol reactivity, comparing a negative-evaluative audience Trier Social Stress Test (“audience condition;” n = 55) versus a no-audience control condition (n = 69) in non-depressed young adults. Opposing hypotheses, multilevel growth curve models indicated that loneliness was not associated with negative affect or cortisol reactivity in the audience versus no-audience condition. Loneliness was, however, associated with greater positive affect reactivity in the audience versus no-audience condition. In particular, the positive affect subfacet “Interest” was heightened in the audience condition but blunted in the no-audience condition as a function of loneliness, echoing a social monitoring system model of loneliness.
Accessible Privacy-Preserving Web-Based Data Analysis for Assessing and Addressing Economic Inequalities

An essential component of initiatives that aim to address pervasive inequalities of any kind is the ability to collect empirical evidence of both the status quo baseline and of any improvement that can be attributed to prescribed and deployed interventions. Unfortunately, two substantial barriers can arise preventing the collection and analysis of such empirical evidence: (1) the sensitive nature of the data itself and (2) a lack of technical sophistication and infrastructure available to both an initiative's beneficiaries and to those spearheading it. In the last few years, it has been shown that a cryptographic primitive called secure multi-party computation (MPC) can provide a natural technological resolution to this conundrum. MPC allows an otherwise disinterested third party to contribute its technical expertise and resources, to avoid incurring any additional liabilities itself, and (counterintuitively) to reduce the level of data exposure that existing parties must accept to achieve their data analysis goals. However, achieving these benefits requires the deliberate design of MPC tools and frameworks whose level of accessibility to non-technical users with limited infrastructure and expertise is state-of-the-art. We describe our own experiences designing, implementing, and deploying such usable web applications for secure data analysis within the context of two real-world initiatives that focus on promoting economic equality.
Urban Social Environment

The social environment is an integral component of urban environments. Its implications for health may help to explain the apparent health advantage of urban versus nonurban areas in some geographic regions. This article focuses on key elements of the social environment (social capital and social disorder/disorganization) in the urban setting, and the posited mechanisms and empirically demonstrated associations of these attributes with the health of populations and individuals. A growing empirical literature has explored their associations with a range of health outcomes. Establishing the linkages between major features of the urban social environment and health and delineating their underlying mechanisms will aid in supporting and strengthening overall efforts to improve population health outcomes within cities.
“Forward” and “backward” flow mechanisms of portal hypertension: Relative contributions in the rat model of portal vein stenosis

The contribution of "forward" and "backward" flow mechanisms to the increased portal pressure observed in the rat model of portal vein stenosis was evaluated using experimental and theoretical data. The experimental data indicate that portal venous inflow, portasystemic shunting, and portal venous pressure are increased after 10 days of portal vein stenosis when compared with sham-operated controls. Furthermore, portal vascular resistance was 40% higher in portal hypertensive animals than in control animals. The elevated portal vascular resistance in the rat with portal vein stenosis was attributed to the high resistance of the portal venous collaterals. Incorporation of the experimental data into a mathematical model that simulated the changes induced by chronic portal vein stenosis allowed for fractionation of the "forward" and "backward" flow components involved in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Model predictions indicate that the "forward" and "backward" flow mechanisms account for 40% and 60% of the increase in portal pressure, respectively.
Discriminating among subgroups of borderline personality disorder: an assessment of object representations

The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of borderline personality disorder (BPD) by examining internalized object relations. It was predicted: (a) that the internalized object relations of borderline patients as a group can be differentiated from psychiatric patients (comparison group N = 15), and (b) that BPD subgroups significantly differ in their object-relational profiles. Fifty-seven adult borderline subjects (28 male and 29 female) were separated into three groups based on Horney's description of interpersonal styles (moving away, against, and toward). Object relations were assessed using the Bell Object Relations Inventory and from early memories. Four written early memories were scored using the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS). The results suggest that the malevolent inner object world of borderline patients is fundamentally different from nonborderline psychiatric patients; and that the defined BPD subgroups of moving toward, against, and away differed significantly on specific structural and thematic object-relational dimensions. Aspects from Fairbairn's object relations theory and contributions from the self/representational, ego deficit, and Kernberg's models of borderline psychopathology are used to help interpret the findings. Identifying subtypes of BPD may allow for more precise discriminations in separating BPD from other disorders and may provide meaningful therapeutic and prognostic information for the different subgroups of borderline patients.
Data use: Where to from here?

In the final chapter of the book, Lorna Earl and Karen Seashore Louis reflect on the question where to from here? They situate data use in a policy and politics context. Working with data does not happen outside political and cultural context of particular societies and schools. Also, they discuss the different views on educational change and accountability, the consequences of policies made at different levels on data use, and how autonomy affects data use. Finally, they argue that with regard to data-based decision making, the emphasis should not be on the data, but on the quality of knowledge that emerges from this process. Good knowledge is founded by asking good questions, having good data, and engaging in good thinking.
BLUE GROUSE NESTING PARAMETERS AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON

We examined Blue Grouse ( Dendragapus obscurus ) nesting characteristics in northeastern Oregon to identify relationships between hen age and nesting parameters and to ascertain habitat charactersicts related to successful nests. Adult and yearling hens exhibited no differences in clutch size, percentage of eggs hatched, nesting success, or hatch dates. Among nests located under logs, 100% ( n =10) hatched ≥ 1 egg, whereas 58% ( n = 10) of 17 nests not under logs hatched ≥ 1 egg.
Independent usefulness of flow phase 99mTc-red blood cell scintigraphy in predicting the results of angiography in acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective:In acute gastrointestinal bleeding, despite positive dynamic phase 99mTc-red blood cell scintigraphy, invasive catheter angiography (CA) is frequently negative. In this study, we investig...
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Switching Intention Antecedents in the Wireless Industry

This study attempts to identify factors that influence the mobile consumer’s switching intention and to compare the influence of these factors in both the Brazilian and German wireless markets, the latter having a longer mature-stage history. A survey was conducted on two convenience samples, comprising 202 users in Brazil and 200 users in Germany. Analysis via multiple-group structural equation modeling suggests that, in both countries, customer satisfaction is an important factor with respect to switching intention. In the Brazilian market, the influence of perceived service quality is higher than in Germany, while Germans consider perceived price to be more important than do Brazilian users. The results also suggest that perceived service quality and perceived price rank higher in the German market, while Brazilians still perceive the existence of high switching barriers.
Effects of Color in Eyewitness Vehicle Identification

This study examined the effect of the color of vehicles in eyewitness vehicle identification. This study aimed to test if vehicle color influences the accuracy of an eyewitness identification to correctly identify a vehicle. By changing the color of pictures of vehicles, the effect of the color in eyewitness vehicle identification can be examined. The participants were 265 college students. In two presentations given to two separate groups of participants, the participants were presented with a short slide show of vehicles, and asked to identify the color of a specified vehicle. Participants correctly identified the dull color slightly more than the participants who were asked to identify the bright color vehicle. However, this difference was nominal and statistically was not significant
Twisted light beyond the visible

Orbital angular momentum is a property of light that has many emerging applications, but has been poorly appreciated until recently. The wavelength frontier of orbital angular momentum sources is extending beyond the ultraviolet thanks to research in fields ranging from nanostructures to free-electron lasers.
Child and Adolescent Survivors of Suicide

Loss of loved ones due to death has been empirically ranked among the highest stresses possible, both for adults and adolescents (Holmes & Rahe, 1967; Rogan & Hussey, 1977). We must recognize, however, that the difficulties a suicide death poses for children and adolescents extend far beyond the short-term stress of the immediate confrontation with death. Death by suicide adds the exacerbating factors of inadequate or inaccurate information; stigmatization with its emotional distancing from relatives, friends, and other potentially supportive individuals, both young and old; and seemingly unacceptable feelings of guilt and anger that complicate the already painful experience of sudden and absolute loss. Grief is a normal process, necessary and predictable after loss, but its impact on children and adolescents has often been overlooked, and the further jolt ensuing from suicide survivorship can have physical and emotional consequences, even in children who otherwise seem normal. Although increasing in use, the term “suicide survivor” continues to present some confusion (as discussed by Dunne, McIntosh, & Dunne-Maxim, 1987). Any discussion of this subject must begin with the clarification that a survivor of suicide is someone left behind to deal with the psychological distress and daily turmoil in the aftermath of a completed suicide. This is distinct from a parasuicide, an individual who attempts suicide and survives. While certain aspects of the emotional pain may be similar, a survivor of suicide is typically not someone who has attempted suicide.
The Archive for the Psychology of Religion: Editorial principles, practices, and practicalities

As the Archive for the Psychology of Religion transitions to the SAGE publishing house, this editorial outlines the current vision and principles guiding the way forward. This includes a strong emp...
Vulnerabilities and Reliability of ReRAM Based PUFs and Memory Logic

Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) devices have caught significant research attention as scalable nonvolatile memory technology for high-density data storage in 3-D crossbar architectures. ReRAM devices can switch with low programming voltages (<±1 V) at fast time-scales (≍10–100 ns) that make them an attractive option for not only off-chip data storage but also for on-chip embedded memory applications. ReRAM devices have also been explored for applications as reconfigurable switches in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The random variabilities in the switching performance of ReRAM has been exploited to design Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) for hardware authentication, trust, and security. However, intrinsic vulnerabilities in ReRAM devices and its implications are not well-understood. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand these so that the ReRAM-based circuits can be made robust against such attacks. This paper discusses our research on understanding the vulnerabilities in ReRAM through experimental studies and its implications on ReRAM based PUF operations. The Process, Voltage, Temperature (PVT) variabilities in ReRAM is experimentally studied and modeled. Some other ReRAM specific vulnerabilities, such as insertion of parasitic capacitances and Trojans by adversaries and its impact on ReRAM switching behavior is discussed. Based on experimental studies, models are created to capture these behaviors in ReRAM. Using these models, a 1 KB array of ReRAM devices in a crossbar architecture and its behavior is simulated. The challenge–response pairs of these ReRAM-based arrays were studied under ideal Trojan free conditions as well as with vulnerabilities models of ReRAM. Potential solutions are then proposed to make the PUF architecture and ReRAM devices more resistant to these vulnerabilities.
Repeating Jameson? Rereading Žižek Via Jameson, and Vice Versa - Introduction

Fred Jameson is living proof that in theory…miracles DO happen, that what seems impossible CAN be done: to unite Marxism with the highest exploits of French structuralism and psychoanalysis. This achievement makes him one of the few thinkers who really matter today . – Slavoj Žižek …the contemporary world has thrown up two of the most brilliant dialecticians in the history of philosophy [Adorno and Žižek]: and it seems only appropriate to scan each one for the dialectical effects with which their pages so often electrify us . – Fredric Jameson
Clinical Characteristics of Biopsy-Proven IgA Vasculitis in Children and Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Abstract Objective To describe the differences in clinical characteristics and outcome between adult- and childhood-onset biopsy-proven IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in North America. Patients and Methods Patients with IgAV diagnosed from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2016, were retrospectively identified. Data were abstracted from direct medical record review. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate survival rates. Results A total of 243 patients with IgAV were included (227 [93.4%] white, 141 [58.0%] male); 174 patients were adults (≥21 years), and 69 were younger than 21 years. Compared with patients younger than 21 years, adults at baseline more frequently had ulcerative skin lesions (19 [10.9%] vs 1 [1.4%]; P=.02) and nephrotic-range proteinuria (21 of 96 [21.9%] vs 1 of 38 [2.6%]; P=.007) but less commonly had abdominal pain (59 [33.9%] vs 42 [60.9%]; P Conclusion IgA vasculitis in adults is associated with more severe skin/kidney involvement and poorer renal outcome. Among adults with IgAV, patients aged 51 years or older at diagnosis have significantly higher mortality (P
1985 Evolution of phenotypic plasticity theory

Abstract The adaptive qualities of phenotypic plasticity have been well appreciated by evolutionary ecologists. But how would natural selection shape patterns of phenotypic plasticity in the face of different selection pressures in nearby environments and gene flow between these different populations? Via and Lande (1985) tackled this problem with a quantitative genetic evolutionary model. They outlined conditions under which evolution would allow populations to achieve their optimal fitness in two different environments and helped place the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in a modern population genetic context.
Embodying Haumea: wāhine scholars cultivating Kanaka independence/ts in the academy

AbstractIn this paper, we, a collective of wāhine ʻŌiwi (Native Hawaiian women), reflect on how we may hoʻokō (fulfill) our kuleana lāhui (nation-building responsibilities) through our positions in...