cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein thiophosphorylation associated with secretory inhibition in permeabilized chromaffin cells.

Abstract Permeabilized cells treated with the adenosine triphosphate analog, [ 35 S] adenosine-5'-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([γ- 35 S]ATP), showed thiophosphorylation of a small number of cellular proteins. A 54 kilodalton (kDa) protein was heavily thiophosphorylated in unstimulated control cells and a 43 kilodalton protein was more heavily thiophosphorylated in calcium stimulated cells. Intact cells incorporated 35 S into a series of higher molecular weight proteins. Stimulation of prelabelled, permeabilized cells resulted in a loss of 35 S from the cells over a 20 min period. Treatment of permeabilized cells with ATPγS inhibited secretion and 35 S incorporation into the cells. Pretreatment with ATPγS resulted in subsequent inhibition of both secretion and the ability of the cells to incorporate 35 S from [γ- 35 S]ATP. These results indicate that the sites normally available for phosphorylation were inactivated by thiophosphorylation and were unavailable to participate in the secretory process. The inhibition of secretion associated with thiophosphorylation of these proteins suggests that they may play a role in the control of secretion by chromaffin cells.
A boundary layer theory for the end problem of a circular cylinder

This paper discusses the nature of an approximate solution for the hollow circular cylinder whose fixed ends are given a uniform relative axial displacement and whose cylindrical surfaces are free from traction. We shall take the solution of this problem to be given by a super-position of the following two problems: problem I considers a finite length cylinder whose ends are given a relative axial displacement, but are no longer fixed; problem II removes the radial displacement at the end of the cylinder obtained in problem I.
Effects of hypoxemia on coronary blood flow and cardiac output in normal and hypothyroid dogs

Abstract Simultaneous determinations of coronary blood flow by the nitrous oxide desaturation method and of cardiac output by the direct Fick arteriovenous oxygen difference method were made on dogs breathing 100%, 10% and 5% oxygen-nitrogen mixtures under morphine chloralose anesthesia. The observations were repeated with 100% oxygen and 10% oxygen- 90% nitrogen mixtures after a hypothyroid state had been induced by administration of 35 mc. of I 131 . Parallel increases in coronary blood flow and cardiac index occurred in the normal dog with progressive hypoxcmia. In the hypothyroid dog the cardiac index did not change significantly, and the increase in coronary blood flow was only about 50 per cent of the value observed in the normal group. The failure of the hypothyroid dog to demonstrate an increased cardiac index in response to hypoxemia is attributed to the removal of the potentiating action of the thyroid hormones upon the catecholamines of the sympathoadrenal system. The reduced but still significant increase in coronary blood flow in the hypothyroid group is brought about by hypoxic stimuli that act independently of hormonal influences.
Metabolism in vitro of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane 3α, 17β-diol and its 3β-epimer, three metabolites of testosterone, by three of its target tissues, the anterior pituitary, the medial basal hypothalamus and the seminiferous tubules☆

To examine the metabolism of three 5α-reduced derivatives of testosterone (T) by seminiferous tubules (ST), anterior pituitary (AP) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of adult rats, these tissues were incubated with either tritiated dihydrotestosterone (DHT), α-androstan-3α, 17β diol (3α-adiol) or its 3β-epimer (3β-adiol). The products and residual precursors were quantified using 14C labeled tracers for recovery. Both DHT and 3β-adiol were extensively metabolized. The % DHT metabolized ranged from 60% (MBH) to 93% (ST) with 3α-adiol forming the major product (ST = 69%, AP = 54%, MBH = 38%). The % 3β-adiol metabolized ranged from 68% (ST) to 90% (AP). The metabolism of 3β-adiol by ST differed from that by the other tissues; reversibility of 3β-oxidoreduction, with substantial accumulation of DHT (13%) and 3α-adiol (36%) occurred only with ST. With AP and MBH these metabolites were identifiable only with increased substrate concentrations. In all incubations with AP and MBH with 3β-adiol the bulk of the radioactivity was associated with some polar metabolites (AP = 76%, MBH = 62%). An inverse relationship between polar metabolite formation and 3/gb-oxidation was suggested by the much smaller amounts of such metabolites being formed by ST. In all tissues the bulk of 3α-adiol remained unmetabolized. The % conversion of 3a-adiol to DHT was relatively high for AP and MBH (av = 27%) but low for ST (av = 7%).
Noncommuting multidimensional realization theory: minimality, reachability, and observability

A generalization of the notions of minimality, reachability, and observability for parameter dependent and multidimensional systems modeled by linear fractional transformations over noncommuting operators is presented. The multidimensional system results developed herein are formally similar to and directly specialize to the standard results when one-dimensional systems are considered.
Comparison of reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with Sephadex LH-20 for cytokinin analysis of tomato root pressure exudate

Rapid preparative purification and fragmentation of a cytokinin complex from tomato root pressure exudate is achieved using Bondapak C18/Porasil B, a preparative reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography column packing material. Bondapak C18/Porasil B achieved the same resolution of the cytokinin complex from tomato root pressure exudate as Sephadex LH-20 in approximately one-thirtieth of the separation time. The tomato root pressure exudate was found to contain at least eight cytokinin-like components. The total cytokinin activity of the root pressure exudate was estimated to be between 17.0 and 26.0 μg of kinetin equivalents per liter of exudate.
Statistical mechanics of interacting peapods

We evaluate the equation of state of the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) phase of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules in small carbon nanotubes, nicknamed peapods. The chemical potential and 1D pressure are evaluated as functions of the temperature and density, initially with the approximation of nearest-neighbor interactions and classical statistical mechanics. Quantum corrections and long-range interaction corrections are discussed, as are the effects of interactions with neighboring peapods. Transition phenomena involving the 3D coupling are evaluated.
Effect of therapeutic levels of magnesium sulphate, methyldopa, hydralazine and phenobarbitone on normal term human trophoblast in vitro.

Summary The development of a technique allowing prolonged culture in vitro of normal term human trophoblast facilitates examining what effects, if any, drugs commonly used in pregnancy may have on placental tissue. Dosages compatible with therapeutic blood levels of magnesium sulphate, methyldopa, hydralazine and phenobarbitone were tested individually in vitro on monolayer cultures of normal term trophoblast. Hydralazine and magnesium sulphate additions resulted in a 100 per cent loss of viability of trophoblast cells. Phenobarbitone caused an 8 per cent decrease in cell viability, while methyldopa caused only a 2 per cent decrease in cell viability.
Citizens' Orientations Toward Legislatures: Congress and the State Legislature:

wo decades ago, Wahlke argued forcefully that research on legislative representation should focus more effort on investigating patterns of public orientations toward representative institutions, mapping "the incidence and variations of support in specific systems," and formulating "hypotheses about its conditions and correlates" (Wahlke 1978: 83). He advocated inquiry about "the role of the represented." Citizens' orientations toward legislatures have, in fact, been investigated to some extent. Davidson and Parker (1972) opened up research on support for Congress more than twenty years ago (also see Davidson, Kovenock, and O'Leary 1966: 38-66); and the state of such research was synthesized ten years ago by Dennis (1981). Similar research was conducted with the state legislatures in mind during the 1970s (e.g., Patterson, Hedlund, and Boynton 1975). Most commonly, the thrust of research has gone to the extent of constituents' supportive or unsupportive evaluations of the legislature and its work. Do citizens generally approve or disapprove of the job the legislature does? Such inquiry about legislative performance is an effective, widely understood, and "probably the simplest and most direct" indicator of public support for the legislature (see Dennis 1981: 324; Ripley 1988). Why should support, or lack of support, for the legislature be investigated? Public support for Congress oscillates over time without apparent dire consequences for the political system. At the same time,
Temporal and spatial variability of the sediment grain-size distribution on the Eel shelf: the flood layer of 1995

Abstract Sediment grain-size characteristics observed on the Eel shelf have been analyzed using a wet-sieving technique that minimizes breakage of aggregates. At several sites on the 70-m isobath north of the river, where a 1995 flood layer attained a maximum thickness of about 9 cm, replicate box cores were collected on seven cruises during February 1995 to January 1997. These samples provide a unique opportunity to follow the evolution of a flood layer over a two-year period as it was modified and gradually buried. One month after the flood, a layer of tan-colored, high-porosity sediment with up to 96% of its particles in the size range of 0–20 μm had accumulated on the central part of the shelf, 7–30 km north of the river and principally between the 50-m and 90-m isobaths. Substantial coarsening of this layer occurred between February 1995 and May 1995, particularly along the southern and the landward edge of the deposit in water depths of
Standard seven segmented display for Burmese numerals

Lau and Lwin (see ibid., vol.36, p.84-8, May 1990) proposed an eight-segment Burmese numeric display. In the present work, a small modification that uses only the commercially available seven-segment-based display is proposed. The advantage of this design is that the standard seven-segment display eliminates the need for the production of custom eight-segment displays. >
Practical considerations in the application of simulated annealing to stochastic simulation

Realizations generated by conditional simulation techniques must honor as much data as possible to be reliable numerical models of the attribute under study. The application of optimization methods such as simulated annealing to stochastic simulation has the potential to honor more data than conventional geostatistical simulation techniques. The essential feature of this approach is the formulation of stochastic imaging as an optimization problem with some specified objective function. The data to be honored by the stochastic images are coded as components in a global objective function. This paper describes the basic algorithm and then addresses a number of practical questions: (1) what are the criteria for adding a component to the global objective function? (2) what perturbation mechanism should be employed in the annealing simulation? (3) when should the temperature be lowered in the annealing procedure? (4) how are edge/border nodes handled? (5) how are local conditioning data handled? and (6) how are multiple components weighted in the global objective function?
Phase-sensitive spectroscopy of surface plasmons in individual metal nanostructures

We analyze both theoretically and experimentally the response of individual gold nanoparticles and nanoparticle dimers to a near-field excitation with broad-band radiation ~a femtosecond white-light continuum! delivered through a subwavelength aperture. Because of the coherent superposition of the field emitted by the aperture and the secondary field reemitted by the nanostructure, the signals detected in the far zone exhibit a pronounced dependence on the phase of plasmon oscillations excited in the nanostructure. This phase sensitivity allows us to accurately determine positions of plasmon resonances not distorted by dielectric losses in a metal. In the near-field extinction spectra of individual nanoparticles, the plasmon resonance is observed as the ‘‘zero-extinction’’ point in which the transition from constructive ~lower spectral energies! to destructive ~higher spectral energies! interference occurs. By using spatially selective near-field excitation with a femtosecond white-light continuum, we are able to detect slight asymmetries in dimers composed of nominally identical nanoparticles.
The disposal of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. I. Exponential disposal from a single compartment.

Many investigators have stated or implied that the distribution and disposal of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH-CS) can be approximated by assuming that these substances are distributed in the body as though they were in a single compartment and are disposed of at a rate proportional to concentration. In the present investigation, cortisol was given by intravenous infusion and the changes in plasma 17-OH-CS concentrations were examined. The data obtained were then compared with the predictions of the single compartmentexponential disposal theory. The concentration of plasma 17-OH-CS was studied in 4 experimental situations: 1) after cessation of constant intravenous infusions of cortisol at slow rates; 2) after administration of large amounts of cortisol; 3) after equilibration attained during constant infusions of cortisol; and 4) during the early period of infusions of cortisol. In all 4 experimental situations, there was a poor correspondence between the predicted and the actual data. It is con...
OPD measurement and dispersion reduction in a monolithic interferometer.

We describe a white light fringe scanning and pupil bisecting method of measuring the optical path difference (OPD) between arms of a monolithic nulling interferometer that is designed to enable direct imaging of planetary companions and the environments around nearby stars. This measurement is used to determine the differential thicknesses of optically contacted compensator plates used to reduce OPD, which can drastically impair the optic’s performance in broadband light. By making this correction, we were able to reduce the initial OPD from 949±44 nm to 63±10 nm. In the absence of any other asymmetries that can compromise the null, such a correction corresponds to an increase in an R-band (λc = 648nm) nulling bandpass from monochromatic to 25%.
Potential Impacts of the Arctic on Interannual and Interdecadal Summer Precipitation over China

AbstractAfter the end of the 1970s, there has been a tendency for enhanced summer precipitation over south China and the Yangtze River valley and drought over north China and northeastern China. Coincidentally, Arctic ice concentration has decreased since the late 1970s, with a larger reduction in summer than spring. However, the Arctic warming is more significant in spring than summer, suggesting that spring Arctic conditions could be more important in their remote impacts. This study investigates the potential impacts of the Arctic on summer precipitation in China. The leading spatial patterns and time coefficients of the unfiltered, interannual, and interdecadal precipitation (1960–2008) modes were analyzed and compared using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, which shows that the first three EOFs can capture the principal precipitation patterns (northern, central, and southern patterns) over eastern China. Regression of the Arctic spring and summer temperature onto the time coefficients of ...
Development of zero-phosphorus engine oils

Poisoning by phosphorus in engine oil limits the useful life of automotive catalysts. The amount of phosphorus in engine oil has been decreasing for over a decade, and currently is limited to 0.08 wt% maximum. The source of phosphorus in engine oil is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, which is a very effective antioxidant and anti-wear compound. Therefore, elimination of phosphorus in engine oil requires replacement of both anti-wear and antioxidation functions with novel additive compounds. This research describes the current state of developing zero-phosphorus engine oils while maintaining GF-4 performance attributes. A systematic approach was taken for this development beginning with the base oil and viscosity modifier system selection, followed by antioxidant compounds selection, and then anti-wear compound selection. The effectiveness of antioxidant and anti-wear compounds was evaluated using a laboratory oxidation test, and friction and wear tests when the oil was both fresh and aged. The oil showing the most promising result was evaluated in industry accepted TEOST MHT 4 for oxidation, and ASTM Sequence IIIG test for high temperature wear and piston deposits. Results to date show excellent oxidation characteristics, but wear control requires further work. Analysis of surface films showed the presence of carbonate and iron oxide when the oil was fresh, but only iron oxide when tested with 40 and 100 h aged oil samples from the Sequence IIIG test. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catholicism and childhood sexual abuse: women's coping and psychotherapy.

The long-term effects of child sexual abuse include numerous psychological, social, and behavioral difficulties in women survivors, ranging from poor self-esteem and depression to sexual disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. The role that religious beliefs may play in the difficulties these women suffer has been largely unexplored. This qualitative study explored women’s experience of healing within the context of Catholicism. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight women raised as Catholics who reported child sexual abuse and who had participated in at least two years of psychotherapy. Results suggest that Catholic identity can both compound and relieve the suffering many women experience in healing from child sexual abuse. Participants related that their Catholicism was rarely addressed during psychotherapy. These findings have implications for clinicians working with Catholic survivors of child sexual abuse.
Gastroenterologic endoscopy in children: past, present, and future

Perhaps it was the innate human fear of the dark, or the recognition that health was linked in some way to diet. Maybe it was the Hippocratic description of dyspepsia. Whatever the reason, the human desire to peer inside the body was a driving force in the development of endoscopy. The field of gast
Aggregation of ordinal information

Our interest is with the fusion of information which has an ordinal structure. Information fusion in this environment requires the availability of ordinal aggregation operations. Basic ordinal operations are first introduced. Next we investigate conjunctive and disjunction aggregations of ordinal information. The idea of a pseudo-log in the ordinal environment is presented. We discuss the introduction of a zero like point on an ordinal scale along with the related ideas of bipolarity (positive and negative values) and uni-norm aggregation operators. We introduce mean like aggregation operators as well weighted averages on a ordinal scale. The problem of selecting between ordinal models is considered.
Why Von Neumann interstellar probes could not exist: nonoptical reflections on modern analytic philosophy, bad arguments, and unutilised data.

ABSTRACT. A decisive and lethal response to a naive radical scepticism concerning the prospects for the existence ofExtraterrestrial Intelligence is derivable from core areas of Modem Analytic Philosophy. The naive sceptical view isfundamentally flawed in the way it oversimplifies certain complex issues, failing as it does, to recognise a special class of conceptual problems for what they really are and mistakenly treating them instead as empirical issues.Specifically, this scepticism is based upon an untenable oversimplifying model of the 'mind-brain' relation. Moreover, independent logical considerations concerning the mind-brain relation provide evidential grounds for whywe should in fact expect a priori that an Alien Intelligence will face constraints upon, and immense difficulties in, making its existence known by non-electromagnetic means. 1. INTRODUCTION In a paper that strongly challenged the confidence of the growing SETI community , Frank Tipler set fortha radical scepticism concerning the existence of Extraterrestrial Intelligence, basing his argument upon what shall be
Circulation in the high-latitude thermosphere due to electric fields and Joule heating

Electric fields in the earth's upper atmosphere are capable of setting the neutral atmosphere in motion via ion-neutral collisions as well as pressure gradients from resultant Joule heating. By means of simple models for the high-latitude thermosphere and electric fields a simplified set of coupled equations is solved which show that moderate electric fields, when present for a period of several hours, are capable of displacing the neutral atmosphere of the order of 50 km in the vertical, a few hundred kilometers in the north-south direction and over 1000 km in the east-west direction.
Associations of several externally visible lesions in finfishes with contaminated sediments in the lower Chesapeake Bay

Abstract Virginia's Elizabeth River, an industrialized tributary of the lower James River, is ideal for studies of effects of pollution. In some locations its sediments and associated waters are heavily contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), among other toxicants. Fishes were trawled from stations along the river during 1982–1984. Controls were from a ‘cleaner’ tributary nearby. Over 94,000 individuals of 49 species came from the Elizabeth while about 17,000 individuals of 20 species came from the Nansemond. Lesions were found among the Elizabeth River samples: none were found in the Nansemond's. Most heavily affected were the ocean-spawning Sciaenidae, Spot, Croaker and Weakfish. To learn whether lesions develop outside the Elizabeth River, a second series of fish samples was collected from stations extending from the Bay mouth into the Elizabeth and from the ‘clean’ York River. A total of 5154 individuals were involved. Of the externally visible lesions seen in both series eye abnormalities (mostly cataracts), fin erosion and dermal ulcerations were the most common. Comparisons of their prevalences by station show a clear positive relationship with PAH-contaminated sediments.
Senescence of Primary Amniotic Cells via Oxidative DNA Damage

Objective Oxidative stress is a postulated etiology of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (pPROM); however, the precise mechanistic role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these complications is unclear. The objective of this study is to examine impact of a water soluble cigarette smoke extract (wsCSE), a predicted cause of pregnancy complications, on human amnion epithelial cells.
The equations-of-motion method for F2: Transition energies, oscillator strengths and born cross sections☆

The equations-of-motion method has been used to study various electronic states of F_2. The transition energies have been found in both the random phase approximation (RPA) and higher random approximation (HRPA) using single particle—hole components in the excitation operators. We have also computed generalized oscillator strengths (Born cross sections) for the scattering of high energy electrons by F_2.
TOWARD A MACRO‐SOCIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF GENERAL DETERRENCE

This paper is focused on the problem of general deterrence as a macro-sociological phenomenon. An attempt has been made to integrate existing literature into a set of testable hypotheses Three perspectives on general deterrence are examined, including the classical school of criminology and the positions of Durkheim and Sumner. The variables of certainty and seventy, type of threatened behavior, latent deterrent functions of legal threats, and normative structure are discussed. It is suggested that compliance rates may be used as an empirical index of general deterrence.
Indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is not a new concept. Noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation using a mouthpiece or facemask has been used since the early 1960s. With the recognition of NPPV’s advantages, NPPV has become increasingly popular over the last decade in caring for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). NPPV, which uses a facial or nasal mask as an interface between the patient and the mechanical ventilator, can be available within a few minutes in a well-prepared intensive care unit (ICU). NPPV can reduce the likelihood of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by avoiding endotracheal tube intubation (ETI) compared with conventional positive pressure ventilation using an endotracheal tube (invasive PPV, IPPV). The inherent disadvantages of NPPV are related to the absence of the advantages acquired by ETI. The best candidates for NPPV are those able to protect their airway, are cooperative, and are otherwise medically stable. NPPV can be applied in community hospitals. With the accumulation of positive data for the beneficial effect of NPPVon ARF, NPPV has been recommended as a first-line intervention in patients with acute hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, there is concern that the efficacy of NPPV is overrated. This chapter briefly reviews the indications of NPPV, which have been broadened.
Bench to Bedside: Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes and Implications for Therapy

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of unstable angina (UA) and non—ST-segment elevation (NSTE) myocardial infarction (MI) [commonly referred to as NSTE acute coronary syndrome(s) (ACS)] has evolved considerably over the years, with atherothrombosis playing a pivotal role. This review discusses the molecular interactions in coronary thrombosis that may serve as therapeutic targets for more effective management of these syndromes. The purposes of this review are: 1) to discuss current understanding of the pathophysiology of NSTE ACS; 2) to describe recent studies with novel antithrombotic agents [e.g., low-molecular-weight heparin, thienopyridines, glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa inhibitors] in patients with NSTE ACS; and 3) to highlight recommendations for management of patients with NSTE ACS in the recently updated American College of Cardiology (ACC)/ American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, including the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapies.
Inner compartment localization of heart mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphokinase.

Abstract Mitochondria isolated from rat heart contained nucleoside diphosphokinase (EC 2.7.4.6) at a specific activity of 30 mIU/mg protein, or about one half of liver mitochondrial activity, 60 mIU/mg. In contrast to liver mitochondria, no stimulation of O 2 uptake was observed when 150 μM GDP was added to heart mitochondria respiring in post-ADP State 4, and the transphosphorylation of [γ- 32 Pi] from ATP into GTP was marginal. However, when heart mitochondria pretreated with oligomycin were solubilized with 0.03% Triton X-100, a five fold increase in the rate of GTP formation was observed. These results show that in heart mitochondria approximately 80% of the nucleoside diphosphokinase activity is localized within the inner compartment.
Post-Crisis Trends in Asian Management

This article reviews recent major changes of management practices among Asian companies and analyzes trends of development. The 1997 financial crisis, combined with the ‘Information Revolution’ and globalization, brought unprecedented pressures on traditional Asian companies to change. Japanese keiretsu, Korean chaebol, ethnic Chinese family businesses and even China's state-owned enterprises have begun to transform themselves, though the pace of such transformation varies from country to country.
Homeostatic plasticity in the CNS: synaptic and intrinsic forms

The study of experience-dependent plasticity has been dominated by questions of how Hebbian plasticity mechanisms act during learning and development. This is unsurprising as Hebbian plasticity constitutes the most fully developed and influential model of how information is stored in neural circuits and how neural circuitry can develop without extensive genetic instructions. Yet Hebbian plasticity may not be sufficient for understanding either learning or development: the dramatic changes in synapse number and strength that can be produced by this kind of plasticity tend to threaten the stability of neural circuits. Recent work has suggested that, in addition to Hebbian plasticity, homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are active in a variety of preparations. These mechanisms alter both the synaptic connections between neurons and the intrinsic electrical properties of individual neurons, in such a way as to maintain some constancy in neuronal properties despite the changes wrought by Hebbian mechanisms. Here we review the evidence for homeostatic plasticity in the central nervous system, with special emphasis on results from cortical preparations.
Lessons from gauge (and nongauge) theories in low (< 12) dimensions

Abstract In this contribution I shall review some of the lessons that I think have been learned over the years from studies of model problems using the light-cone representation. The selection of works which I shall discuss is made to illustrate certain specific points and is not meant to be a review of all the valuable work done in this area. There has been a very large amount of work in the area, much of it very valuable, and a complete review would exceed the time and space allocations for the contribution and also the competence of the author.
Mozambique earthquake sequence of 2006: High‐angle normal faulting in southern Africa

[1] We report source mechanisms for the six largest shocks of the Mozambique earthquake sequence of 22 February 2006. The main shock of this sequence is one of the largest (Mw ∼ 7.0) to occur in Africa over the past 100 years and its P waveforms alone are sufficient to show that north-south trending normal faulting near the surface continues to depths of more than 15 km along an exceptionally steep dip of 76° ± 4°. This new result shows that globally seismogenic normal faulting spans a wide range of dips, from about 30° to 75°. S waveforms, when combined with a minor component of left-lateral slip observed in the field, indicate the rake to be between −80° and −89° which, in turn, places a new constraint on relative plate motions: Complications from a nonspecific Rovuma microplate notwithstanding, our results favor the Euler pole between the Somalia and Nubia plates to lie southward of the epicenters.
The Sociology of Public Morality: Talcott Parsons and Phenomenology

(1973). The Sociology of Public Morality: Talcott Parsons and Phenomenology. Sociological Focus: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 10-31.
Theory of vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of weak complexes

Abstract The density matrix formalism has been applied to study the vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of weak complexes or clusters. The spectral bandshapes and the nature of the bandwidths are critically examined.
Prenylation of Rho G-Proteins: a Novel Mechanism Regulating Gene Expression and Protein Stability in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Endogenous prenylation with sesquiterpene or diterpene isoprenoids facilitates membrane localization and functional activation of small monomeric GTP-binding proteins. A direct effect of isoprenoids on regulation of gene expression and protein stability has also been proposed. In this study, we determined the role of sesquiterpene or diterpene isoprenoids on the regulation of Rho G-protein expression, activation, and stability in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. In both primary and transformed human TM cells, limiting endogenous isoprenoid synthesis with lovastatin, a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, elicited marked increases in RhoA and RhoB mRNA and protein content. The effect of lovastatin was dose-dependent with newly synthesized inactive protein accumulating in the cytosol. Supplementation with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) prevented, while inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase-I mimicked, the effects of lovastatin on RhoA and RhoB protein content. Similarly, lovastatin-dependent increases in RhoA and RhoB mRNA expression were mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase-I inhibition. Interestingly, GGPP supplementation selectively promoted the degradation of newly synthesized Rho proteins which was mediated, in part, through the 20S proteasome. Functionally, GGPP supplementation prevented lovastatin-dependent decreases in actin stress fiber organization while selectively facilitating the subcellular redistribution of accumulated Rho proteins from the cytosol to the membrane and increasing RhoA activation. Post-translational prenylation with geranylgeranyl diterpenes selectively facilitates the expression, membrane translocation, functional activation, and turnover of newly synthesized Rho proteins. Geranylgeranyl prenylation represents a novel mechanism by which active Rho proteins are targeted to the 20S proteasome for degradation in human TM cells.
Comparative Statics under Uncertainty for a Class of Economic Agents

Abstract This paper explores trade-offs between assumptions on risk preferences, ordinal preferences under certainty, and cumulative distribution function (CDF) changes of an exogenous random variable needed for determinate comparative statics results. Specifically, we ask: Absent restrictions on risk preferences, what CDF changes lead all agents whose choice under certainty is monotonic in the exogenous variable to increase their choice variable under uncertainty? We find that the desired class of changes are those satisfying monotone likelihood ratio (MLR) dominance. We also note that MLR improvements are behaviorally identical to decreased risk aversion, a result that illuminates the relationship between changes in risk and risk aversion. Journal of Economic Literature , Classification Number: D81.
Shallow Flaws Under Biaxial Loading Conditions—Part II: Application of a Weibull Stress Analysis of the Cruciform Bend Specimen Using a Hydrostatic Stress Criterion

Cruciform beam fracture mechanics specimensl have been developed in the Heavy Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to introduce a prototypic, far- field, out-of-plane biaxird bending stress component in the test section that approximates the nonlinear biaxial stresses resulting from pressurized-thernxd-shock or pressure-temperature loading of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV). Matrices of cruciform beam tests were developed to investigate and quantify the effects of temperature, biaxial loading, and specimen size on fracture initiation toughness of two-dimensional (constant depth), shtdlow, surface flaws. Tests were conducted under biaxial load ratios ranging from uniaxial to equibiaxial. These tests demonstrated that biaxial loading can have a pronounced effect on shallow-flaw fracture toughness in the lower transition temperature region for RPV materials. Two and three- parameter Weibull models have been calibrated using a new scheme (developed at the University of Illinois) that maps toughness data from test specimens with distinctly different levels of crack-tip constraint to a small scale yielding (SSY) Weibull stress space. These models, using the new hydrostatic stress criterion in place of the more commonly used maximum principal stress in the kernel of the OW integral definition, have been shown to correlate the experimentally observed biaxiaImore » effect in cruciform specimens, thereby providing a scaling mechanism between uniaxial and biaxial loading states.« less
openEyes: a low-cost head-mounted eye-tracking solution

Eye tracking has long held the promise of being a useful methodology for human computer interaction. However, a number of barriers have stood in the way of the integration of eye tracking into everyday applications, including the intrusiveness, robustness, availability, and price of eye-tracking systems. To lower these barriers, we have developed the openEyes system. The system consists of an open-hardware design for a digital eye tracker that can be built from low-cost off-the-shelf components, and a set of open-source software tools for digital image capture, manipulation, and analysis in eye-tracking applications. We expect that the availability of this system will facilitate the development of eye-tracking applications and the eventual integration of eye tracking into the next generation of everyday human computer interfaces. We discuss the methods and technical challenges of low-cost eye tracking as well as the design decisions that produced our current system.
Detection of terahertz and sub-terahertz wave radiation based on hot-carrier effect in narrow-gap Hg1−xCdxTe

We have proposed and developed terahertz and subterahertz wave detector using hot-carrier effect in narrow-gap Hg1−xCdxTe. Epitaxial Hg1−xCdxTe-layers were integrated into dipole antennas. The response of Hg1−xCdxTe hot-electron bolometer was measured in the range of frequencies 0.037–1.58 THz, in the temperature region T = 68–300 K at various bias currents. A bolometer theoretical model was developed and the experimental results confirm the model main conclusions.
Exploiting Syntactic and Distributional Information for Spelling Correction with Web-Scale N-gram Models

We propose a novel way of incorporating dependency parse and word co-occurrence information into a state-of-the-art web-scale n-gram model for spelling correction. The syntactic and distributional information provides extra evidence in addition to that provided by a web-scale n-gram corpus and especially helps with data sparsity problems. Experimental results show that introducing syntactic features into n-gram based models significantly reduces errors by up to 12.4% over the current state-of-the-art. The word co-occurrence information shows potential but only improves overall accuracy slightly.
A new proof of Parisi's conjecture for the finite random assignment problem

Consider the problem of minimizing cost when assigning n jobs to n machines. An assignment is a one-to-one mapping of jobs onto the machines. Assume that the cost of executing job i on machine j is C/sub ij/, i,j = 1,...,n. When the c/sub ij/ are i.i.d. exponentials of mean 1, Parisi conjectured that the average cost of the minimum assignment equals /spl Sigma//sub i=1//sup n/1/i/sup 2/. Recently, the authors, and independently, Linusson and Wastlund, have proved this conjecture. In the above work the authors also made a refined conjecture that, if established, would yield another proof of the Parisi's conjecture. This paper establishes the refined conjecture, thus providing a new proof of Parisi's conjecture.
A Preliminary Study to Determine Instrument Responsiveness to Change with a Walking Program: Physical Activity Logs versus Pedometers

(2001). A Preliminary Study to Determine Instrument Responsiveness to Change with a Walking Program: Physical Activity Logs versus Pedometers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 288-292.
Dynamics of violence

Rationale, aims and objectives Three behavioural models suggest different dynamic patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies permit assessment of IPV dynamics. The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of non-linearity in daily violence between partners over a 3-month period, identify their specific dynamic patterns and determine whether measures of violence severity and dynamics are interrelated. Methods From six primary care clinics, we enrolled 200 adult women who experienced violence in the previous month and asked them to complete daily telephone assessments of household environment, marital relationship and violence using Interactive Verbal Response. To assess non-linearity of violence, algorithmic complexity was measured by LZ complexity and lack of regularity was measured by approximate entropy. Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimension saturation were used to approximate dynamic patterns. Results Of the 9618 daily reports, women reported experiencing abuse on 39% of days, while perpetrating violence themselves on 23% of days. Most (59%) displayed random dynamics, 30% showed chaotic and 12% showed periodic dynamics. All three measures of non-linearity consistently demonstrated non-linear patterns of violence. Using multivariate analysis of variance, neither episode severity for men or women showed significant differences across dynamic types, but chaotic dynamics had the lowest frequencies of violence in men and women while random dynamics had the highest frequencies. Approximate entropy was positively correlated with violence frequency and burden in men and women, but Lyapunov exponent was inversely related to violence. LZ complexity correlated positively with wife-perpetrated violence only. Conclusions IPV is rarely a predictable, periodic phenomenon; no behavioural model describes the violence dynamics for all violent relationships. Yet, the measures of non-linearity and specific dynamic patterns correlate with different violent features of these relationships.
Beneficial effects of melatonin in cardiovascular disease

The experimental data obtained from both human and rodent studies suggest that melatonin may have utility in the treatment of several cardiovascular conditions. In particular, melatonin's use in reducing the severity of essential hypertension should be more widely considered. In rodent studies melatonin has been shown to be highly effective in limiting abnormal cardiac physiology and the loss of critical heart tissue resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Melatonin may also be useful in reducing cardiac hypertrophy in some situations and thereby limiting the frequency of heart failure. Finally, some conventional drugs currently in use have cardiotoxicity as a side-effect. Based on studies in rodents, melatonin, due to its multiple anti-oxidative actions, is highly effective in abrogating drug-mediated damage to the heart. Taken together, the findings from human and animal studies support the consideration of melatonin as a cardioprotective agent.
Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms

The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) include clonal myeloid neoplasms that overlap the MDS and MPN categories and at the time of initial diagnosis exhibit some clinical, laboratory, or morphologic features supporting the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and at the same time show proliferative features in keeping with the diagnosis of a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Although the clinical, morphologic, and laboratory findings vary along a continuum from MDS to MPN, distinctive features are usually present that allow assignment of most of the cases to 1 of 3 distinct subtypes recognized by the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL - (aCML, BCR-ABL1 - ), and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). The WHO classification also recognizes a provisional category of the MDS/MPN, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN, U), including the provisional entity of refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T). In the past 2 to 3 years since the publication of the WHO classification in 2008, dynamic progress in array technologies and next-generation amplicon deep sequencing has provided new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of MDS/MPN, especially CMML and JMML. In this review we will give an overview of these neoplasms and focus on adult MDS/MPN, especially CMML. We will give only brief updates for aCML and RARS-T; JMML will be discussed in a separate article.
Hyperthermal Reactions of Oxygen Atoms with Saturated Hydrocarbons

We have conducted detailed crossed-beams experiments on the reactions of O(3P) with model hydrocarbon compounds, CH4, CH3CH3, and CH3CH2CH3, at center-of-mass collision energies in the range 2.8–3.9 eV, which are representative of those encountered on spacecraft in low-Earth orbit (LEO) when an incident O atom interacts with a localized effective mass on a hydrocarbon surface. The hyperthermal reactions of O atoms with all three alkanes showed evidence for direct reaction with carbon, in addition to the expected (dominant) H-atom abstraction reaction to form OH. Reactions leading to H-atom elimination and the corresponding methoxy, ethoxy, or propoxy radical are possible, and reactions involving breakage of the C C bond in ethane and propane may also occur. While the H-atom abstraction channel has a modest barrier in the range ~0.1–0.3 eV, the other observed reactions have barriers greater than ~1.8 eV and therefore might become important at the high collision energies between atomic oxygen and spacecraft surfaces in LEO.
Effects of chlorpromazine on fear-motivated behavior, urinary cortisol, urinary volume and heart rate in the dog.

Several doses of chlorpromazine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg) were administered to dogs while they were subjected to a Sidman nondiscriminated avoidance schedule which contained 7 conditioned stimuli-unavoidable shock (CS-US) pairings. The drug consistently reduced baseline response rate and enhanced shock rate. Facilitation of heart, response, and activity rates normally noted during the aversive CS were unaffected by administration of the drug. In addition, the over-all heart rate, urinary volume, and urinary Cortisol measures showed no consistent pattern of results in response to drug administration. These results suggest that under this schedule of reinforcement only baseline response rate was sensitive to the anxiolytic effects of chlorpromazine.
Monolithic integrated millimeter-wave IMPATT transmitter in standard CMOS technology

This paper describes impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diodes fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology to enable operation at 77 GHz. The lateral IMPATT diodes are integrated with a microstrip patch antenna, modified to provide impedance matching and widen the tuning range. The antenna dimensions and the impedance matching are designed using the high-frequency electromagnetic field solver Sonnet. The output spectrum has no visible spurious components. The transmitted power is -62 dBm at 76 GHz. The measured frequency is within 1.3% of the simulated value. It is hoped that this device will find application in automotive and communication systems.
Men's and Women's Pathways to Adulthood and Their Adolescent Precursors

This study compared men’s and women’s pathways to adulthood by examining how role transitions in education, work, marriage, and parenthood intersect and form developmental pathways from ages 18–30. The study investigated how sociodemographic factors and adolescent experiences were associated with these pathways. We used latent class analysis to analyze longitudinal data from a gender-balanced panel of 808 contemporary young adults. We found three similar latent pathways for both genders, but men and women differed in the timing of marriage and when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining both roles. The present study points to the continued, though differential, relevance of marriage and family in the transition to adulthood for men and women.