cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired Pulmonary NF-κB Activation in Response to Lipopolysaccharide in NADPH Oxidase-Deficient Mice

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be involved in intracellular signaling, including activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. We investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in the NF-kappaB activation pathway by utilizing knockout mice (p47phox-/-) lacking the p47phox component of NADPH oxidase. Wild-type (WT) controls and p47phox-/- mice were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 or 20 microg/g of body weight). LPS-induced NF-kappaB binding activity and accumulation of RelA in nuclear protein extracts of lung tissue were markedly increased in WT compared to p47phox-/- mice 90 min after treatment with 20 but not 5 microg of i.p. LPS per g. In another model of lung inflammation, RelA nuclear translocation was reduced in p47phox-/- mice compared to WT mice following treatment with aerosolized LPS. In contrast to NF-kappaB activation in p47phox-/- mice, LPS-induced production of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 in the lungs and neutrophilic lung inflammation were not diminished in these mice compared to WT mice. We conclude that LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation is deficient in the lungs of p47phox-/- mice compared to WT mice, but this abnormality does not result in overt alteration in the acute inflammatory response.
Modeling and predicting competitive sorption of organic compounds in soil.

Binary systems consisting of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (12DCB) þ competitor were investigated over a range of concentrations of competitor in three natural sorbents with distinct characteristics. Two models, the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) and the potential theory (Polanyi-based multisolute model), widely used in the prediction of multisolute sorption equilibrium from single-solute data, were used to simulate competitive sorption in our systems. The goal was to determine which multisolute model best represented the experimentally obtained multisolute data in natural sorbents of varied properties. Results suggested that for the sorbents and sorbates studied, the IAST model provided much better results. On average, the IAST model provided lower errors (23%) than the potential model (45%). The effect of competitor structure on the degree of competition was also investigated to identify any relationships between competition and structure using molecular descriptors. The competitors chlorobenzene, naphthalene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene all showed very similar degrees of competition, while benzene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were the least effective competitors toward 12DCB across all sorbents. Different sorption sites or sorption mechanisms might be involved in the sorption of these molecules leading to a lack of competitive behavior. A significant relationship between competitor structure and the degree of competition was observed at environmentally relevant sorbed competitor concentrations for the soil containing the highest fraction of hard carbon (Forbes soil). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2676-2684. # 2010 SETAC Keywords—Competition Multisolute Linear free energy relationships Structure-activity relationships Isotherm models
On the thermal effects associated with radiation force imaging of soft tissue

Several laboratories are investigating the use of acoustic radiation force to image the mechanical properties of tissue. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging is one approach that rises brief, high-intensity, focused ultrasound pulses to generate radiation force in tissue. This radiation force generates tissue displacements that are tracked using conventional correlation-based ultrasound methods. The tissue response provides a mechanism to discern mechanical properties of the tissue. The acoustic energy that is absorbed by tissue generates radiation force and tissue heating. A finite element methods model of acoustic heating has been developed that models the thermal response of different tissues during short duration radiation force application. The beam sequences and focal configurations used during ARFI imaging are modeled herein; the results of these thermal models can be extended to the heating due to absorption associated with other radiation force-based imaging modalities. ARFI-induced thermal diffusivity patterns are functions of the transducer f-number, the tissue absorption, and the temporal and spatial spacing of adjacent ARFI interrogations. Cooling time constants are on the order of several seconds. Tissue displacement due to thermal expansion is negligible for ARFI imaging. Changes in sound speed due to temperature changes call be appreciable. These thermal models demonstrate that ARFI imaging of soft tissue is safe, although thermal response must be monitored when ARFI beam sequences are being developed.
Chinese political economic reforms and the problem of legitimizing leader roles

Abstract Reforms to change the relative power of managers and Party secretaries has led to a continuing “crisis” of leadership in China. The crisis is explained, its conditions reviewed, and factors that may mitigate it are identified (e.g., selection of managers by election or administrative authorities and development of a legal code). Whether or not basic values to legitimize a new leadership pattern exist in China is explored by comparing U.S. and Chinese managers' work values. Their convergence suggests an emerging post-socialist Chinese modernism, but one marked by a contest between ideological (political) and technical standards of rationality that is likely to persist for some time.
High-speed quantum random number generation

We present a quantum random number generator based on randomness in photon emission and detection. Using a single-photon counter and FPGA-based data processing allows for a convenient implementation that outputs data at 40 Mbit/s.
In vitro and in vivo models of celiac disease

Background : Celiac disease is an autoimmune intestinal disease that develops in genetically susceptible individuals upon the ingestion of gluten. In vitro and in vivo models have addressed the roles of the following five elements in the pathogenesis of celiac disease: i) A tight association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. ii) A strong B-cell response to the autoantigen tissue transglutaminase that preferentially reacts with certain gluten peptides and that is almost exclusively IgA. iii) An adaptive inflammatory immune response to gluten peptides that are antigenically presented on HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8. iv) An improved antigenic presentation of most gluten peptides and a stronger T-cell response after their deamidation by tissue transglutaminase; and v) An increased risk for autoimmune diseases associated with celiac disease, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and type 1 diabetes. Objective: To summarize the different in vitro and in vivo models of celiac disease, their contributions to o...
Product translational energy distributions from the harmonic model for unimolecular decomposition

Formulae for the distribution of relative translational energy of products from decomposition of collision complexes are derived from the Slater model of unimolecular rate theory. The development presented parallels the statistical transition state theory (RRKM) approach. Although a similar form of the energy distribution is found, the identical result is obtained in the classical limit only for the special case of a ‘loose’ complex configuration at the critical point.
Fever of Unknown Origin: An Evidence-Based Review

Abstract Fever is a common problem for which patients seek medical advice. Fortunately, in most cases, fever is self-limiting or the etiology of fever is promptly established. Sustained, unexplained fever despite a comprehensive work up is recognized as fever of unknown origin (FUO), which frequently poses a clinical challenge. For a methodical approach, FUO is recently categorized into classic FUO, nosocomial FUO, neutropenic FUO and HIV-associated FUO based on the clinical setting and patient's underlying immune status. This review focuses on the key factors of classic FUO. The etiologic clues obtainable from the history, bedside physical examination findings and pertinent laboratory tests are discussed. Also, FUO in older patients and tuberculosis as a cause of FUO are briefly discussed.
An Extension of the Second Welfare Theorem to Economies with Nonconvexities and Public Goods

In this paper we report a generalization of the results of Foley and Guesnerie on the second welfare theorem to economies with arbitrary nonconvex production sets. The nature of marginal cost prices in such economies is clarified through the use of the Clarke tangent cones.
Igniting flare-up events in Cordilleran arcs

High-fl ux pulses of magmatism that make up most of the exposed North American Cordilleran arcs are derived primarily from upper plate lithospheric source materials, and not the mantle wedge as most models would predict, based on a compilation of thousands of previously published Sr, Nd, and O isotopic data. Mass balance calculations show that no more than 50% of that mass can be mantle-derived. Flare-ups must have fundamentally developed simultaneously with crustal/lithospheric thickening, thus implying a connection. Subduction erosion from the trench side, and retroarc shortening from the foreland side are the main tectonic shortening processes that operate in conjunction with high fl ux magmatism during subduction, and therefore are likely triggers for fl are-up events in arc. These arcs represent the sites of crustal differentiation, and thus contribute to net continental growth, only if dense residual lower crust was returned to the convective mantle. Isotopic data shown here suggest that if convective removal of batholithic roots takes place, it must be a consequence and not a cause of episodic fl are-ups. The Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex in South America may be the most recent continental arc segment in flmode.
Ploidy, water, and nitrogen effects on Russian wildrye chemical composition

Abstract Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], a cool-season introduced bunchgrass, offers producers an alternative to crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes] for spring and fall grazing in the Northern Great Plains. Tetraploid Russian wildrye with improved seedling establishment may offer even greater potential for seasonal grazing. This study investigates how the concentrations of some nutritive quality components in leaf, stem, and inflorescence tissue of diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye were affected by growing season water (50 and 150% of average precipitation) and fertilizer (10 and 134 kg N ha−1). Plants were sampled at vegetative, boot, anthesis, and anthesis plus 10-day stages of maturity in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Tetraploid plants had slightly (P < 0.05) less crude protein (CP) in leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue than diploid plants. Plants grown at the 50% water treatment had higher CP and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and low...
Inheritance of Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac in a Field-Derived Strain of Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Laboratory selection with Cry1Ac, the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin in transgenic cotton, initially produced 300-fold resistance in a field-derived strain of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), a major cotton pest. After additional selection increased resistance to 3,100-fold, we tested the offspring of various crosses to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ac. The progeny of reciprocal F1 crosses (resistant male × susceptible female and vice versa) responded alike in bioassays, indicating autosomal inheritance. Consistent with earlier findings, resistance was recessive at a high concentration of Cry1Ac. However, the dominance of resistance increased as the concentration of Cry1Ac decreased. Analysis of survival and growth of progeny from backcrosses (F1 × resistant strain) suggest that resistance was controlled primarily by one or a few major loci. The progression of resistance from 300- to 3,100-fold rules out the simplest model with one locus and two alleles. Overall the patterns observed can be explained by either a single resistance gene with three or more alleles or by more than one resistance gene. The pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac described here fits “mode 1” resistance, the most common type of resistance to Cry1A toxins in Lepidoptera.
Testosterone-induced relaxation of rat aorta is androgen structure specific and involves K+ channel activation.

Recent studies have established that testosterone (Tes) produces acute (nongenomic) vasorelaxation. This study examined the structural specificity of Tes-induced vasorelaxation and the role of vasc...
Shadow education and educational inequality in South Korea: Examining effect heterogeneity of shadow education on middle school seniors’ achievement test scores

Abstract We examine the heterogeneous effects of private supplementary education, often called shadow education, on math test scores by propensity to use shadow education among middle school seniors in Korea. Our approach moves beyond existing studies that mostly assumed a uniform effect of shadow education across students of different characteristics. By applying two different propensity models – stratification-multilevel and smoothing-differencing methods, we find that the effect of intense shadow education significantly varies by the likelihood of using shadow education. Specifically, the positive effect of intense math shadow education is much stronger for students who have a lower propensity to use shadow education than their counterparts with a higher propensity. Considering that students who are least likely to use shadow education tend to have disadvantaged social backgrounds, we discuss implications for educational inequality of our findings that show the largest benefits of shadow education for most disadvantaged students.
Temperature dependent reduced order IPM motor model based on finite element analysis

The interior permanent magnet motor is the central component of modern high performance hybrid electric vehicles. During the vehicle's normal operation, demagnetization can occur in the magnets due to temperature rise and high current loading, which could change the IPM's electrical and mechanical characteristic and the overall system performance significantly. To study these effects on the system level, in this paper, we propose a reduced order motor model based on FEA solution that takes into account the permanent magnet's temperature dependency, current loading and nonlinear saturation effects. The proposed model runs at circuit simulation speed which is suitable for system level simulation and while having the accuracy of FEA. Using this model, we are able to quantify the current consumption during a standard drive cycle simulation due to temperature and current loading variations.
SSpG: A strongly orthogonal geminal method with relaxed strong orthogonality

Strong orthogonality is an important constraint placed on geminal wavefunctions in order to make variational minimization tractable. However, strong orthogonality prevents certain, possibly important, excited configurations from contributing to the ground state description of chemical systems. The presented method lifts strong orthogonality constraint from geminal wavefunction by computing a perturbative-like correction to each geminal independently from the corrections to all other geminals. The method is applied to the Singlet-type Strongly orthogonal Geminals variant of the geminal wavefunction. Comparisons of this new SSpG method are made to the non-orthogonal AP1roG and the unconstrained Geminal Mean-Field Configuration Interaction method using small atomic and molecular systems. The correction is also compared to Density Matrix Renormalization Group calculations performed on long polyene chains in order to assess its scalability and applicability to large strongly correlated systems. The results of ...
Antimicrobial silver-hydroxyapatite composite coatings through two-stage electrochemical synthesis

Abstract A two-stage electrochemical synthesis method was developed to prepare antimicrobial silver-hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) composite coatings. In the first stage, a titanium substrate was coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) through electrochemical crystallization from aqueous solution. In the second stage, silver nanoparticles were deposited onto the HA layer through electrochemical reduction of aqueous Ag+ to Ag0. Silver nanoparticles having a narrow size distribution were found to deposit uniformly on the HA layer. The quantity and size of silver nanoparticles were shown to be controlled by the electrochemical deposition time under constant applied electrical current density. Ag-HA composite coatings were found to be bioactive based upon the promotion of the deposition of additional calcium phosphate onto the Ag-HA coating surface from simulated body fluid. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growth was inhibited by coatings of Ag-HA, while HA coatings without silver had little effect on growth of the bacteria. The novel composite Ag-HA coatings can potentially be used in orthopedic and dental implants to simultaneously improve osseointegration and prevent post-surgical infection.
Plasma creatine phosphokinase activity in the cold-exposed and cold-acclimated chicken.

SummaryChickens cold exposed to 2-3° had significantly elevated levels of plasma CPK compared with controls. After an initial increase during the first week, no significant difference was seen in plasma CPK activity of chickens cold acclimated at either 8-11 or 4-7° for 2-4 weeks when compared with controls. It is concluded that muscle activity (shivering thermogenesis) in cold-exposed chickens resulted in elevated plasma CPK, while the absence of muscle involvement (nonshivering thermogenesis) in cold-acclimated chickens resulted in no alterations in plasma CPK activity.
Comparative Management and Organization Theory: A Marriage Needed

An avenue for integration between two seemingly related areas, namely, cross-cultural comparative management, and organization theory, is provided as a result of an examination of recent developmen...
Classroom Modifications: Edited by Christy Moser, PhD, OTR, FAOTA

This edition of Reviews, Tools, and Resources will focus on classroom modifications. A popular theme in the literature for the past 10 years, numerous articles have been written about the impact of classroom modifications utilized to facilitate learning. Some examples of classroom modifications include seating arrangements, teaching style, lighting, auditory stimuli, assistive technology, and behavioral adjustments. As classroom modifications can benefit any student, we think you will find the suggestions in this column beneficial for all children. Please note that in many of the resources in this column, the terms modification and accommodation are used interchangeably.
A 100 Motor Study: Investigating Pre-EPA Motors as a Subset of the Industrial Motor Population for Its Effects on the Economic of Motor Replacement, Preliminary Results

In the absence of hard data, the engineering world tends to be overly conservative in estimating benefits of change. The hypothesis herein discussed is that with hard data, the economics of motor repair/replace decisions could change significantly. If true, this could appreciably boost the efficiency of the industrial motor population by affecting the penetration of high-efficiency motors, such as NEMA Premiums. The energy savings from motor replacement depend on the difference between the efficiency of the new motor and the old motor. There has been a great deal of work investigating new motor efficiency and very little work investigating the actual running efficiency of older motors in the field. Motors that have operated for years experiencing failures and repairs may operate below their original nameplate or assumed efficiency. This study is a preliminary investigation of the efficiency of motors in industrial settings with the purpose of updating currently available motor analysis software tools to more accurately reflect the economic benefits of utilizing high-efficiency industrial induction motors.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Smartphones, Smart Feedback: Using Mobile Devices to Collect In-the-Moment Feedback.

The goal of this study was to streamline the collection of resident feedback in order to support faculty development and program improvement in psychiatry training. The authors developed and implemented a brief, free, mobile survey to track resident feedback and class attendance. Prior to instituting this system, resident feedback was obtained semi-annually for each course (n = 90) and not each individual class. In comparison, this new system allowed the authors to collect feedback on 477 of the 519 classes held over the 2014–15 academic year (92 %). Written comments about the curriculum increased over tenfold from 42 in 2013–14 to 541 during a comparative time period in 2014–15. One year after instituting this new system, resident participation increased to 81 % on average (compared to 64 % previously). Mobile devices may provide an inexpensive and relatively untapped mechanism for improving the process of collecting resident feedback and tracking class attendance.
Characteristics and Optimization Path of Behaviors in Elective General Course Classroom for Normal College Students

Through the survey of characteristics of behaviors in elective general course classroom,it shows that students have weak sense of learning elective general course,complexity of professional education,and excessive scale of classroom learning,so we propose appropriate optimization paths: firstly,to enhance students' awareness of general learning;secondly,to improve the quality of general courses for teachers of consciousness;thirdly,to create management mechanism in elective general course classroom.
Analysis ofinfluencing factors on legionella pneumophila contamination of cooling tower water of central air conditioner in public places in Fujian(2008)

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of legionella pneumophila(LP) contamination of cooling tower water of central air conditioner in Fujian public places in 2008 for the disease control and prevention.Methods Totally 116 samples of the water were collected in 114 units in five districts,the LP were cultivated and identified,and KatB virulent gene was detected by PCR method,the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The LP contamination rate was 40.4%(46/114),the positive rate in the water was 40.5%(47/116)and the positive rate of KatB virulent gene was 33.3%(5/15).The positive rate was the lowest(16%.0) when the water was treated for 3-4 times per month with qualified water.Conclusion The LP contamination in Fujian public places is rather serious.There exist statistical relationship between the water-treating frequency and LPcontamination.Comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the potential risks of LP contamination in Fujian public places.
Oncogene expression in vivo by ovarian adenocarcinomas and mixed-Mullerian tumors

Six-micron paraffin sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed specimens of 24 ovarian benign and neoplastic specimens were assayed for tumor cell-specific oncogene expression by a sensitive, quantitative in situ hybridization technique with probes for 17 oncogenes, beta-actin, and E. coli beta-lactamase. In the benign, borderline, and invasive adenocarcinomas, multiple oncogenes, including neu, fes, fms, Ha-ras, trk, c-myc, fos, and PDGF-A chains, were expressed at significant levels relative to a housekeeping gene (beta-actin). In the mixed-Mullerian tumors, a rather different pattern of oncogene expression was observed, characterized primarily by expression of sis (PDGF-B chain). For the adenocarcinomas, statistical analysis demonstrated that expression of several genes (fms, neu, PDGF-A) was closely linked to others (c-fos, c-myc) known to have important roles in the control of cell proliferation, but only one gene, fms, correlated very strongly with clinicopathologic features (high FIGO histologic grade and high FIGO clinical stage) predictive of aggressive clinical behavior and poor outcome. The authors discuss the role that tumor epithelial cell expression of the fms gene product might play in the auto- and paracrine control of growth and dissemination of ovarian adenocarcinomas.
Present and Prospective Pharmacotherapy for the Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition prevalent worldwide. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, comprising 90% to 95% of all cases. Over the last few decades, the importance of glycemic control and its impact on prevention of diabetes-related complications has been documented in multiple clinical trials. As most patients with type 2 diabetes will require pharmacologic intervention to achieve and maintain appropriate glycemic control, new medications targeting different aspects of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes have been a significant focus of research and development. During the last decade, multiple new medications for diabetes management have become available: these medications have novel mechanisms of action, differences in effectiveness, and varying side effect profiles which will be reviewed in this article. Some of these newer medications, such as the GLP‑1 analogues and DPP‑4 inhibitors, have become widely accepted as therapeutic options for the management of type 2 diabetes. Additional classes of glucose-lowering medications are expected to become available in the near future. This manuscript will summarize available data regarding these newer and prospective medications for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Defect Tracking Programs

Every development team needs a formal system for tracking bugs and reminding the team what’s left to do. Maybe your system is as simple as a bunch of Post-it Notes stuck on the side of your monitor, or maybe you use a professional-strength defect tracking program. But any successful project must have some system where all the known bugs are stored in a single place. If you try to keep everything in your head, bugs will slip through the cracks. You’ll discover five bugs, and you’ll spend so much time fixing four of them that you’ll completely forget about the fifth. Then your product ships with a bug that could have been avoided.
Buskers of New Orleans Transgressive Sociology in the Urban Underbelly

This article is based on extensive ethnographic research involving living and working on the urban fringes of the postindustrial, tourist-intensive economy of New Orleans. As this late modern metropolis has experienced great structural transformations, and as new urban dwellers have emerged with their own unique cultural solutions to the structural problems posed in late modernity, this work captures the culture of urban dwellers living on the social periphery of New Orleans. The analysis reveals the less-seen spaces of New Orleans, intimately depicting the social life of the new creative urban buskers through sociological analysis and reflexive ethnographic interpretation. Revealing the underbelly of New Orleans requires not only traditional interviews and participant observation but also full immersion into the subcultures of buskers through my performing on the streets with buskers in the tourist economy as they carve out creative and transgressive lives on the urban fringes.
Language ideology and kadongo kamu flow

Kadongo kamu is a Ugandan guitar-based genre recognisable by its dense storytelling lyrics in Luganda language. This article offers a close analysis of kadongo kamu musical style, focusing on the interface between speech rhythm and musical rhythm. The style's poetic-musical ‘flow’ to be structurally analysed is interpreted with reference to a historically evolved language ideology which construes Luganda to be exceptionally ‘rich’ and ‘deep’. I show how specific musical techniques are used to foreground aspects of Luganda that speakers prize as elegant and learned. This musical artistry enhances listeners’ impressions of the proverb-rich ‘deep Luganda’ poetry for which kadongo kamu singers are famous.
Perspectives on learning to cook and public support for cooking education policies in the United States: A mixed methods study

Declines in cooking skills in the United States may contribute to poor diet quality and high obesity rates. Little is known about how Americans learn to cook or their support for cooking education policies. The objective of this study was to examine how Americans learn to cook, attributions of responsibility for teaching children how to cook, and public support for policies to teach cooking skills. We used a concurrent, triangulation mixed-methods design that combined qualitative focus group data (from 7 focus groups in Baltimore, MD (N = 53)) with quantitative survey data from a nationally representative, web-based survey (N = 1112). We analyzed focus group data (using grounded theory) and survey data (using multivariable logistic regression). We find that relatively few Americans learn to cook from formal instruction in school or community cooking classes; rather, they primarily learn from their parents and/or by teaching themselves using cookbooks, recipe websites or by watching cooking shows on television. While almost all Americans hold parents and other family members responsible for teaching children how to cook, a broad majority of the public supports requiring cooking skills to be taught in schools either through existing health education (64%) or through dedicated home economics courses (67%). Slightly less than half of all Americans (45%) support increasing funding for cooking instruction for participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Broad public support for teaching cooking skills in schools suggests that schools are one promising avenue for policy action. However, school-based strategies should be complemented with alternatives that facilitate self-learning. More research is needed to identify effective means of teaching and disseminating the key cooking skills and knowledge that support healthy eating.
Making Sense of Student Performance Data: Data Use Logics and Mathematics Teachers’ Learning Opportunities

In the accountability era, educators are pressed to use evidence-based practice. In this comparative case study, we examine the learning opportunities afforded by teachers’ data use conversations. Using situated discourse analysis, we compare two middle school mathematics teacher workgroups interpreting data from the same district assessment. Despite similarities in their contexts, the workgroups invoked different data use logics that shaped teachers’ learning opportunities. The first workgroup’s instructional management logic linked increasing student achievement to individualization. The second workgroup’s instructional improvement logic focused on students’ thinking and linked it to instructional changes but was limited by broader instructional management logics. Evidence-based practice cannot be understood apart from the data use logics in teachers’ communities, which are shaped by policy constraints.
Abstract IA14: PDX models in head and neck cancers: Present status and future application for immune-oriented biology and therapy development

Targeted therapy development in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenging given the rarity of activating mutations. Additionally, HNSCC incidence is dramatically increasing related to human papillomavirus (HPV). We sought to develop an in vivo model derived from patients reflecting the evolving HNSCC epidemiologic landscape, and use it to identify new therapies. Primary and relapsed tumors from over 100 HNSCC patients, both HPV+ and HPV-, have been implanted on mice, giving rise to over 50 strains. Resulting xenografts were characterized by detecting key mutations, measuring protein expression by IHC and gene expression/pathway analysis by mRNA-sequencing. The genetic makeup of these tumors was consistent with the frequencies of TP53, PI3KCA, NOTCH1, and NOTCH2 mutations found in landmark genomic characterization of large HNSCC patient cohorts. Tumors maintained their original morphology, genetic profiles, and drug susceptibilities through serial passaging. Cancer cells deceive the host to create an advantageous microenvironment and evade immune surveillance. A limitation to studying human cancer is the limited availability of in vivo models with appropriate human stroma and immunity. To address this unmet need, we generated an allogeneic humanized mouse (aHM) model where HNSCC were implanted on NOD/SCID/IL2rg-/- (NSG) mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other precursors from an unrelated donor. In aHM, bone marrow-derived human immune and mesenchymal cells homed into the growing tumor and interacted with human cancer cells as they would in a patient, partially reversing the gene expression drift that occurs after tumor passage on immune compromised mice. Further work is aimed at improving upon this platform. In summary, we have developed a HNSCC model covering its clinical spectrum whose major genetic alterations and susceptibility to anticancer agents represent contemporary HNSCC. Then, we have generated an aHM model to enable immune biology and therapy exploration in HNSCC. These models will enable prospectively testing therapeutic-oriented hypotheses leading to enhanced precision medicine, especially in the field of immune therapy. Citation Format: Antonio Jimeno. PDX models in head and neck cancers: Present status and future application for immune-oriented biology and therapy development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Patient-Derived Cancer Models: Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic; Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
High Strength Fiber Composites for fabricating fire-resistant wood with improved mechanical properties

This paper deals with one of the new research areas of Professor Hans Wolf Reinhardt, namely textile-reinforced structural members. Typically, wood is a light, versatile construction material well known for its ease of installation. The major drawbacks are its relatively low strength and stiffness, poor visco-elastic long-term deformation, and insufficient fire resistance. The results presented in this paper deal with the use of high modulus carbon / inorganic polymer composite skins to fabricate a sandwich plate that can be engineered to obtain high strength, high stiffness, and excellent fire resistance. The inorganic polymer is fire-resistant, can withstand 800°C indefinitely, and provides protection for both carbon fibers and the wood substrate. Sandwich plates were fabricated using balsa wood for applications that are weight-critical such as those in aerospace and naval structures. For applications in buildings, beams cut from typical woods such as oak were strengthened to improve their flexural strength and long-term deflection stability. The modulus of carbon fiber was 600 GPa and high stiffness values can be obtained with a very low reinforcement ratio. The strengthened beams were tested in flexure; while the fire resistance was evaluated, using the standard OSU (Ohio State University) heat release and NBS (National Bureau of Standards) smoke burner tests. The strengthened composite satisfied the high temperature (fire) requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of America. This paper presents the flexural and high temperature response of the strengthened beams.
Massages pour le nouveau-né hospitalisé en unité de néonatalogie

Une litterature scientifique abondante a documente les avantages a court terme du toucher et des massages pour les bebes a terme en bonne sante et certains nouveau-nes prematures stables cliniquement. Ces resultats, un meilleur gain de poids, une sortie plus precoce et une meilleure digestion [1], ont pousse a etendre ces techniques de massage aux nouveau-nes fragiles de tres petit poids de naissance, voire a employer des personnels supplementaires specifiquement formes pour administrer ces massages. Il est important pour les professionnels des unites de neonatalogie, avant de s’engager dans ces approches, de considerer l’impact potentiel des massages sur les nouveau-nes medicalement fragiles et sur leur famille. Il est egalement imperatif que les professionnels de l’unite de soins intensifs neonatals (USIN) tiennent compte des donnees recentes concernant les soins de developpement individualises et l’importance des stimulations sensorielles adaptees chez les nouveau-nes a risque.
Dyadic perspectives on advice between friends: Relational influence, advice quality, and conversation satisfaction

ABSTRACTTheory on advice currently gives insufficient attention to relational context, the interaction, and the advisor’s perspective. We conceptualize advice interactions as dyadic processes within relationships, and examine how relationship assessments influence perceptions of advice and the interaction. Friends reported on their relationships (152 dyads, N = 304), had conversations that included advice, and then rated advice quality and conversational satisfaction. An actor–partner interdependence model supported a “mutual influence model:” both advisors and recipients were influenced by their own and their partners’ assessments. For advisors and recipients, higher ratings of partners’ past support increased their own advice quality ratings and conversation satisfaction, and higher advice quality increased conversation satisfaction. Relationship reports from the partner’s perspective impacted individuals’ outcomes in unexpected ways.
THz applications of 2D materials: Graphene and beyond

Abstract Monolayer graphene, successfully isolated in 2004, is the first member of the class of materials called two-dimensional (2D) materials. Since then, 2D materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), silicene and phosphorene have been extensively investigated owing to their extraordinary mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. Furthermore, some of these 2D materials are expected to result in novel high-frequency and optical phenomena. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of the state-of-the-art research on graphene applications on the scale of terahertz (THz) emitting, detecting and modulating, and summarize similar THz applications of h-BN, TMDs, silicene and phosphorene.
High molecular weight kininogen binds to neutrophils.

High molecular weight kininogen (HK) serves as a cofactor in the activation of the zymogen prekallikrein (PK)1 with which it circulates in a noncovalent complex2,3. Kallikrein stimulates neutrophils (PMNs) to aggregate4, and degranulate5. Platelets have been shown to contain a form of HK6,7 which can be expressed on the activated platelet surface8. In addition, HK binds to unstimulated9 platelets. We investigated whether PMNs also contain a form of HK and if human PMNs possess specific binding sites for HK.
Closed-Form Solutions Using Offset Angle for Winding Configurations of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines

This paper presents a novel perspective to understand different winding configurations of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines. A simple analytical method is used for the calculation of total offset angle of flux linkages by taking into account an offset angle of stator slot and rotor poles. The closed-form solution is presented to find the sequence of phase windings. The 12-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/13-pole FSPM machines are conceptually segregated into two sets of 6-slot/10-pole and 6-slot/13-pole machines, respectively. This is used to address even harmonic elimination and winding configuration properties in even and odd number of rotor pole configurations. Finite element analysis and experimental results verify the concept.
Domestic Violence Agency Personnel Experiences With and Perceptions of the Lethality Assessment Program.

This study evaluated the experiences with and perceptions of the Lethality Assessment Program (LAP) among domestic violence agency personnel. Interviews were conducted with 16 agency personnel from 11 agencies in Connecticut to assess their beliefs about the goals of the LAP and the achievement of those goals, the perceived impact of implementation of the LAP on their relationship with local police departments, their experiences setting up and implementing the program, the perceived effects of the LAP on the agency’s resources, and whether they would recommend continuing with the program. Participants mentioned a number of challenges, as well as benefits associated with participating in the LAP, and all but one person interviewed would recommend continuing with the program. Recommendations for future research on the LAP and for those considering implementing it are provided.
Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Leonard Gillman

Many of us first became aware of Leonard Gillman in connection with "Gillman and Jerison," the classic 1960 monograph Rings of Continuous Functions. Len is a scholar and a perfectionist, and this shows clearly in this book. In particular, a lot of thought was put into creating the index, the most useful index I've ever seen. Chapter 16 is devoted to the.. Czech mathematician Kat6tov elegant characterization of the dimension of X in terms of C*(X). The authors completely reorganized and simplified the treatment. Kate-tov was astounded, as he had not believed the material could be simplified. I was honored when, at a meeting, Ed Hewitt introduced me to Gillman and Jerison in the same handshake. "Gillman and Jerison" was written while they were at Purdue. Later, Gillman became chairman at the University of Rochester where I had my first real job. Len is now Professor Emeritus at the University of Texas. Actually, Len held a piano fellowship for five years at the Juilliard Graduate School before turning to mathematics. He has performed at five national meetings, three with Louis Rowen, cello, and two with William Browder, flute (AMS-MAA Presidents' Concert and Past-Presidents' Concert), and at several MAA Section meetings. All these concerts have been very well received. Gillman's service to the profession goes back a long way. During the sixties, he became heavily involved at the national level: eight years as an MAA Visiting Lecturer and several years as a member of CUPM (Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics) and its subcommittees. CUPM was a big thing in those days, with its own national office (in Berkeley) and massive funding from NSF. He also spent two summers with SMSG (School Mathematics Study Group), writing "new math" materials, while at the same time criticizing the excesses of the new math thinking. 1999]~~~~~~ _ AWR9O ITNUSE EVC OLOADGLMN9
University of Minnesota Water-Based Nitrogen Budget

Climate change will impact elemental cycles; understanding such impacts can empower students to act toward sustainability and accountability. Fluxes of nitrogen contributing to campus ground and surface water pollution have not been studied in detail. This paper presents a water-based nitrogen budget for teaching, using the University of Minnesota campus as a model. We created three annual nitrogen budgets (2003–2005). Data were collected from interviews and published and unpublished papers. All ground or surface water nitrogen fluxes were considered. The campus represents a nitrogen sink; this could be due to nitrogen accumulation in soil, or to uncertainties in our estimation of gaseous losses or biological fixation pathways. More research is needed to assess accuracy and significance of this apparent sink. This paper shows that climate change will affect many elemental cycles; nitrogen perhaps most importantly. A water-based nitrogen budget is a unique approach to water pollution which could be used on university campuses to guide campus-mediated nitrogen pollution and promote sustainability.
Proteins and Polypeptides

Protein spectra tend to be diffuse owing to the presence of a large variety of side-chain bands. However, infrared spectroscopy has been useful in the study of proteins and particularly as an approach to polypeptide structure. The modern history of the application of infrared spectroscopy to peptide and polypeptide structure determination began in the late 1940’s. Following the availability of approximate assignments for certain major absorption bands of the peptide group, workers applied these band frequency positions, and their dichroic properties, to making correlations with the conformations of the peptide and the formation of hydrogen bonds. Mizushima and his colleagues mainly used model amide and peptide compounds as a start. The results they found by using these model compounds in various solvents as a function of concentration allowed them to set up criteria for detecting hydrogen bonds and determining bond strengths. The thorough investigations by Mizushima (1954) and Mizushima and Shimanouchi (1961) of the infrared spectra of amides and peptides showed that their conformation was always trans. Tsuboi (1949) had studied the spectra of lactams and diketopiperazines which contained the cis-amide group and found that the position of the NH stretching mode of the cis-amide group was somewhat below 3250 cm−1, but that of the trans conformation was above this frequency. Tsuboi concluded that the peptide groups in most proteins that had been studied had the trans conformation. It has been pointed out (Schellman and Schellman, 1964) that cis-amide structures rarely occur in polypeptide conformation except for peptide links in which proline and hydroxyproline are present.
A survey of the field of natural hazards and disaster studies

The geographical and temporal patterns of disasters are first described and then considered in terms of the underpinnings and causes of human vulnerability. These include population increase, marginalization, the militarization of vulnerable societies, the politicization of aid, the accumulation of capital goods, and the dual role of technology as a source of both vulnerability and mitigation. Some of the bases of theory in hazards studies are reviewed and considered in the light of the development gap in mitigation — the wide gulf between the vulnerability of industrialized and least developed countries. The phenomenon of disaster is considered theoretically in terms of its fundamental dimensions: time, space, magnitude and intensity. Finally, the various disciplinary contributions to disaster studies are assessed and compared. Reasons are given for practitioners’ reluctance to undertake interdisciplinary work.
Control of basal-level codon misreading in Escherichiacoli

Basal-level misreading of asparagine codons was examined in a number of Escherichia coli strains. Lysine substitutions were measured by quantitating the amount of charge heterogeneity in MS2 coat protein. In most strains the heterogeneity was consistent with misreading of AAU codons at a frequency of 3-6 X 10(-3). Strains with streptomycin resistance mutations (rpsL) have reduced levels of misreading. There is no significant difference in the frequency of basal-level errors in stringent (relA+) and relaxed (relA) strains, even during starvation for amino acids unrelated to the substitution being studied.
Social value, clinical equipoise, and research in a public health emergency

The 2016 CIOMS International ethical guidelines for health-related research involving humans states that 'health-related research should form an integral part of disaster response' and that, 'widespread emergency use [of unproven interventions] with inadequate data collection about patient outcomes must therefore be avoided' (Guideline 20). This position is defended against two lines of criticism that emerged during the 2014 Ebola outbreak. One holds that desperately ill patients have a moral right to try unvalidated medical interventions (UMIs) and that it is therefore unethical to restrict access to UMIs to the clinical trial context. The second holds that clinical trials in contexts of high-mortality diseases are morally suspect because equipoise does not exist between a standard of care that offers little prospect of clinical benefit and a UMI that might offer some clinical advantage.