cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Entitativity Beliefs on Implicit Comparisons between Group Members

The present research indicates that perceivers’ beliefs about a group’s level of entitativity can affect the extent to which group members are implicitly compared with one another. To find evidence for these implicit comparisons, a variation of the Ebbinghaus illusion was used. Experiment 1 demonstrated that an identical set of faces produced a greater illusion (indicating greater implicit comparison) when the faces were said to represent fraternity/sorority members than when the faces were said to represent men or women born in the month of May. Experiment 2 replicated these results and also demonstrated that participants’ prior beliefs about how entitative these groups are predicted the magnitude of the Ebbinghaus illusion produced. These findings indicate that entitativity beliefs can have implicit effects on judgment such that members of highly entitative groups are subject to greater intragroup comparison than are members of nonentitative groups.
Habitat abundances of a cricket-parasitizing wasp Rhopalosoma nearcticum (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) in a United States mid-Atlantic park

Adults of the nocturnal, cricket-parasitizing wasp Rhopalosoma nearcticum flew in Dyke Marsh Wildlife Preserve (DMWP) from late June through late September, based on a 2-year, Malaise-trap sample of 617 individuals from three habitats. These wasps were significantly more abundant in the floodplain forest compared to the tidal, freshwater marsh and forest-marsh ecotone. Females were more likely to be in the ecotone and marsh than males. The pooled sample from all three habitats was significantly male biased. This study provides baseline information on R. nearcticum that can be used in assessing the health of the DMWP entomofauna in view of global change, accelerating DMWP erosion and marsh loss, invasive species, and other threats to this fragile preserve.
Glycemic control and outcomes of hospitalization in noncritically ill patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with cardiac problems or infections.

Objective: Although the importance of glycemic control is well established for patients with diabetes hospitalized for surgical problems, it has not been supported by clinical studies for patients with diabetes hospitalized on the medical floors.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 378 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted for cardiac or infectious disease (ID) diagnosis between September 1, 2011, and August 1, 2012. Exclusion criteria included type 1 diabetes, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital stay shorter than 3 days, and daily glucocorticoid dose >20 mg of methylprednisolone. The primary composite outcome included death during hospitalization, ICU transfer, initiation of enteral or parenteral nutrition, line infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, rise in plasma creatinine by 1 or >2 mg/dL, new infection, an infection lasting for more than 20 days, and readmission within 30 days and between 1 and 10 months after discharge.Results: Patients were stratified by m...
Treatment of a tic by systematic desensitization and massed response evocation

Abstract The persistent eye blink in a case of severe blepharospasm was successfully eliminated by employing systematic desensitization and later massed evocation of the motor response. The latter procedure seemed particularly effective when increased effort was required of the patient.
(In)definiteness-driven typology of arbitrary items

Abstract This article explores a typology of impersonal constructions [1] (constructions with arbitrary interpretations or arbs) in Russian, German, and English based on their semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties. (1) They speak English in America. The goal of this work is twofold. First, I want to introduce a meaning-based typological distinction into the realm of impersonals. I will argue that some arbs are semantically definite, while others are variable, drawing attention to previously unobserved behaviour of different arbs with respect to adverbial quantification. This divergent behaviour points to the inadequacy of any semantic analysis that treats the two types of arbs in the same fashion. I then point out further differences between the arbs (and non-arbitrary NPs) that emerge in their interaction with topic structure and discourse anaphora, which further corroborate the separation between the two types of arbs. Secondly, I want to use the study of arbs to explore the architecture of the semantics–pragmatics interface. I conclude that the behaviour of arbs forces a division of labour between semantics and pragmatics in the calculations pertaining to reference and referent-tracking.
A novel process in CO chemisorption: Stoichiometric species interconversion induced by CO coverage changes on Pd surfaces

Donnees sur les observations par spectroscopie IR de la conversion stœchiometrique des especes CO pontees en especes de CO liees quand le degre de recouvrement augmente sur des agregats de Pd sur supports de SiO 2 . Mise en evidence d'effets supplementaires par refroidissement a 80 K
Production frontiers with cross-sectional and time-series variation in efficiency levels

Abstract In this paper we consider the efficient instrumental variables estimation of a panel data model with heterogeneity in slopes as well as intercepts. Using a panel of U.S. airlines, we apply our methodology to a frontier production function with cross-sectional and temporal variation in levels of technical efficiency. Our approach allows us to estimate time-varying efficiency levels for individual firms without invoking strong distributional assumptions for technical inefficiency or random noise. We do so by including in the production function a flexible function of time whose parameterization depends on the firm. We also generalize the results of Hausman and Taylor (1981) to exploit assumptions about the uncorrelatedness of certain exogenous variables with the temporal pattern of the firm's technical inefficiency. Our empirical analysis of the airline industry over two periods of regulation yields believable evidence on the pattern of changes in efficiency across regulatory environments.
Biochemical composition of crustacean zooplankton from the eastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Water, protein, lipid, and ash, were measured in 38 species of crustacean zooplankton (1 decapod, 1 mysid, 12 euphausiids, and 24 copepods) found in the upper 1000 m in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Deeper-living species had higher water and lower protein contents; lipid levels were highest in species found at mid-depths (500–550 m). Within vertically migrating genera, lipid and water contents were generally low. Deeper-living non-migratory genera had high water contents. Based on present results and literature values for unassayed groups, the standing stocks of zooplankton in terms of calories were highest at 30–50 m during the day and at 15 m at night, and decreased exponentially with depth. The high lipid levels of two mesopelagic species contribute to a secondary peak of zooplanktonic caloric content at 550 m. This results in an average caloric density here that is 1.5 times higher than in individual animals at the surface. While zooplankton populations at this depth are sparse, energy content per individual prey item can be high.
The Fuzzy Math of Solid Tumor Stem Cells: A Perspective

Apparently effective therapeutic agents very often fail to cure cancer patients. It is therefore attractive to wonder whether a specific resistant cell subset should be recognized and separately targeted. In solid tumors, such as carcinomas, a minor population of "cancer stem cells" has been proposed and sought experimentally in human tumors and isolated cell populations. It is often overlooked that the rationale and supportive data are essentially numerical and can be evaluated as such. A reevaluation of the published studies and related claims within awarded U.S. patents suggests that the mathematical support for the concept of therapeutically useful stem cells is weak and may even invalidate the foundations of these publications and patent claims. Mathematical arguments should be used more consistently, because they can serve as a guide for interpreting studies into cancer stem cells of solid tumors.
Pseudallescheria: an underdiagnosed fungus?

Pseudallescheria has been identified as one of the "clinically significant emerging mycoses" but has received little attention in the cytology literature. Recognition of this fungus is of particular importance clinically, because unlike most other fungi (including Aspergillus, with which it is most frequently confused), Pseudallescheria is not effectively treated with amphotericin B, the most frequently and often the only antifungal agent administered. Features helpful in the diagnosis of Pseudallescheria in cytologic material are presented.
Estimation of a Multivariate Normal Covariance Matrix with Staircase Pattern Data

In this paper, we study the problem of estimating a multivariate normal covariance matrix with staircase pattern data. Two kinds of parameterizations in terms of the covariance matrix are used. One is Cholesky decomposition and another is Bartlett decomposition. Based on Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix, the closed form of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the covariance matrix is given. Using Bayesian method, we prove that the best equivariant estimator of the covariance matrix with respect to the special group related to Cholesky decomposition uniquely exists under the Stein loss. Consequently, the MLE of the covariance matrix is inadmissible under the Stein loss. Our method can also be applied to other invariant loss functions like the entropy loss and the symmetric loss. In addition, based on Bartlett decomposition of the covariance matrix, the Jeffreys prior and the reference prior of the covariance matrix with staircase pattern data are also obtained. Our reference prior is different from Berger and Yang’s reference prior. Interestingly, the Jeffreys prior with staircase pattern data is the same as that with complete data. The posterior properties are also investigated. Some simulation results are given for illustration.
Parent and child MMPI responses: characteristics among families with adolescents in inpatient and outpatient settings.

The relationship of parent personality to child psychopathology has been investigated in numerous MMPI studies over the past three decades. Very few of these studies, however, have directly analyzed MMPI response patterns of both parents and offspring. The current study included the MMPI responses of 199 families with adolescents entering inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings (N=542 Inpatient parents and adolescents had significantly higher mean scores across a variety of MMPI scales than did their outpatient counterparts. The linear combination of adolescent and maternal MMPI scale data, in a stepwise discriminative function analysis, resulted in accurate classification of 75% of all children in inpatient treatment and 74% of all children assigned to outpatient treatment. Findings were discussed in terms of salient MMPI differences between inpatient and outpatient families and shared psychopathological characteristics among family members with offspring in psychiatric treatment settings.
Library space management: a GIS proposal

This paper identifies the importance of space management in support of the functions of academic libraries. It reviews current solutions on library space management by pinpointing their advantages and disadvantages, and it introduces GIS (geographic information systems) as a tool for library space management, because of its capacity for analyzing spatial data and interactive information. A proposal is outlined that attempts to highlight the process of developing, implementing, maintaining, and utilizing a GIS system for academic libraries.
Recent developments in the use of Doppler radar profilers for the remote sensing of precipitating clouds

During the past decade Doppler radar profilers that operate near 1 GHz and 3 GHz have been developed at the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory for use in dynamics and precipitation research. The profilers have been used extensively in numerous field campaigns during the past decade. In the presence of precipitating clouds, backscattering from hydrometeors is dominant and the Doppler velocity provides a measure of the fall velocity of hydrometeors. Profiler observations yield time height cross-sections of equivalent reflectivity, Doppler velocity and spectral width that illustrate the evolution of precipitating clouds systems. The vertical structure of these parameters has been used to classify the precipitating cloud systems into several different categories. These observations document the prevalence of deep anvil cloud systems over the Pacific warm pool region. They also show the relative abundance of rainfall from stratiform and convective components of precipitating cloud systems and the continuous observations reveal the diurnal evolution of the precipitating clouds over the profiler. The profiler observations provide important information for the calibration and validation of precipitation measurements by other instruments and platforms. For example, direct comparisons of profiler reflectivities with scanning radar reflectivities provide a direct means for calibration of scanning radars. The profilers are calibrated with a collocated disdrometer. An important objective of the profiler observations is to retrieve drop-size distributions and to determine the variability of the drop-size distributions in diverse precipitating cloud systems. Recent developments provide optimism that drop-size distribution retrievals can be made by profilers operating at 1 GHz or 3 GHz without complementary measurement of vertical air motions.
SU-E-J-88: Margin Reduction of Level II/III Planning Target Volume for Image-Guided Simultaneous Integrated Boost Head-And-Neck Treatment

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of improved normal tissue sparing for head-and-neck (H'N) image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) by employing tighter CTV-to-PTV margins for target level II/III though a GPU-based deformable image registration and dose accumulation framework. Methods: Ten H'N simultaneous integrated boost cases treated on TomoTherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Weekly kVCT scans in addition to daily MVCT scans were acquired for each patient. Reduced margin plans were generated with 0- mm margin for level II and III PTV (while 3-5 mm margin for PTV1) and compared with the standard margin plan using 3-5mm margin to all CTV1-3 (reference plan). An in-house developed GPU-based 3D image deformation tool was used to register and deform the weekly KVCTs with the planning CT and determine the delivered mean/minimum/maximum dose, dose volume histograms (DVHs), etc. Results: Compared with the reference plans, the averaged cord maximum, the right and left parotid doses reduced by 22.7 %, 16.5 %, and 9 % respectively in the reduced margin plans. The V95 for PTV2 and PTV3 were found within 2 and 5% between the reference and tighter margin plans. For the reduced margin plans, the averaged cumulative mean doses were consistent with the planned dose for PTV1, PTV2 andmore » PTV3 within 1.5%, 1.7% and 1.4%. Similar dose variations of the delivered dose were seen for the reference and tighter margin plans. The delivered maximum and mean doses for the cord were 3.55 % and 2.37% higher than the planned doses; a 5 % higher cumulative mean dose for the parotids was also observed for the delivered dose than the planned doses in both plans. Conclusion: By imposing tighter CTV-to-PTV margins for level II and III targets for H'N irradiation, acceptable cumulative doses were achievable when coupled with weekly kVCT guidance while improving normal structure sparing.« less
The role of lipid metabolism in neoplastic differentiation

Abstract Many structural and functional differences between normal and neoplastic tissues are known. However, any metabolic alteration proposed to be fundamental to the neoplastic process must (1) occur soon after the carcinogenic insult in a wide variety of tissues, and (2) generate other biochemical properties characteristic of tumor cell metabolism. Loss of feedback control of lipid synthesis has been shown to fulfill the first criterion. Here we show how this change also meets the second requirement by leading to other known features of tumor metabolism: increased glutamate and glutamine oxidation, enhanced aerobic glycolysis, altered amino acid levels in host body fluids, decreased urea cycle activity, increased polyamine synthesis, alterations in reducing equivalent shuttle activities, and alterations in cell membranes.
Density-Functional Theory of Large Systems: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach

We describe here the divide-and conquer density-functional approach to the calculation of electronic structure. This method has been developed recently to treat large systems that are beyond the reach of conventional Kohn-Sham and Hartree-Fock methods. There are two unique features: (1) This method uses electron density as the basic computational variable; (2) it divides a large system into many subsystems and then calculates electron densities of the subsystems separately. Progress of this method and its prospects are also discussed.
EVIDENCE THAT STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES ARE NOT A RELIABLE CRITERION FOR DISTINGUISHING BIOGENIC FROM NON-BIOGENIC PETROLEUM

The isotopic abundance of presumably-pristine primordial carbon has been determined by analyzing carbon dioxide entrapped in a 8.65 carat natural diamond of African origin. The results were 12C = 98.9275% and 14C = 1.0725%, which give 13C = -35.2 0/00. This value is well within the range used to assign a biogenic origin to carbon-containing compounds, i.e., more negative than -18.0 0/00. Similar negative values have been reported for some natural diamonds and carbon-bearing meteorites. It is concluded, therefore, that stable carbon isotopes can be an unreliable criterion for assigning a biogenic origin to petroleum.
Gun for hire: Delegated enforcement and peer punishment in public goods provision

Abstract This paper compares two methods to encourage socially optimal provision of a public good. We compare the efficacy of vigilante justice, as represented by peer-to-peer punishment, to delegated policing, as represented by the “hired gun” mechanism, to deter free riding and improve group welfare. Small self-governing organizations often place enforcement in the hands of an appointed leader—the department chair, the building superintendent, and the team captain. This hired gun, we show, need only punish the least compliant group member, and then only punish this person enough so that the person would have rather been the second least compliant. The hired gun mechanism is an example of a low cost device that promotes complete compliance as the unique Nash equilibrium. We find that subjects are willing to pay to hire a delegated policing mechanism over 70% of the time and that this mechanism increases welfare between 15% and 40%. Moreover, the lion's share of the welfare gain comes because the hired gun crowds out vigilante peer-to-peer punishments.
Éffondrements : Frédéric Beigbeder’s Windows on the World

Frederic Beigbeder’s Windows on the World uses the fictional conceit of a narrator telling events post mortem in order to describe what happened on 11 September 2001. In doing so, he approaches the events using what is culturally known, and attempts to develop a new episteme for these events by means of the known, in distinction to those who might penetrate the Lacanian Real and those recounting the events from an apocalyptic point of view.
Quality improvement guidelines for diagnostic arteriography.

The membership of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Standards of Practice Committee represents experts in a broad spectrum of interventional procedures from both the private and academic sectors of medicine. Generally, Standards of Practice Committee members dedicate the vast majority of their professional time to performing interventional procedures; as such, they represent a valid, broad expert constituency of the subject matter under consideration for standards production.
Use of SLC26A4 Mutation Testing for Unilateral Enlargement of the Vestibular Aqueduct

Importance Approximately one-half of all subjects with unilateral or bilateral hearing loss with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) will have SLC26A4 gene mutations. The number (0, 1, or 2) of mutant alleles of SLC26A4 detected in an individual subject with EVA is each associated with a distinct combination of diagnostic and prognostic information as well as probability of recurrence of EVA in siblings. Objective To evaluate the results of SLC26A4 mutation testing in subjects with unilateral EVA. (The study objective was formulated before data were collected.) Design Prospective cross-sectional study of cohort ascertained between 1998 and 2012. Setting National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, a federal biomedical research facility. Participants Twenty-four subjects (10 males, 14 females) with unilateral EVA, defined as a midpoint diameter greater than 1.5 mm, who were referred or self-referred to participate in a study about the clinical and molecular analysis of EVA. Twenty-one (87.5%) of 24 subjects were white. Mean age was 10.3 years (age range, 5-39 years). Intervention SLC26A4 mutation analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Audiometric results, the presence or absence of EVA, and the number of mutant alleles of SLC26A4 . Results Approximately 8.3% of the subjects with unilateral EVA had 2 mutant SLC26A4 alleles, 16.7% had 1 mutant allele, and 75.0% had 0 mutant alleles. Conclusions and Relevance Unilateral EVA can be associated with all possible SLC26A4 genotype results. The distinct combination of prognoses and recurrence probability associated with each genotype supports the clinical use of testing for SLC26A4 mutations in subjects with unilateral EVA.
Efficient Range Query Processing on Complicated Uncertain Data

Uncertain data has emerged as a key data type in many applications. New and efficient query processing techniques need to be developed due to the inherent complexity of this new type of data. In this paper, we investigate a special type of query, range queries, on uncertain data. We propose a threshold interval indexing structure that aims to balance different time consuming factors to achieve an optimal overall query performance. We also present a more efficient version of our structure which loads its primary tree into memory for faster processing. Experimental results are presented to justify the efficiency of the proposed query processing technique.
African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society

Most ethnological and archeological analyses of Pueblo social organization derive its particular character from the need to adapt to an arid environment. This article challenges an ecological interpretation (without dismissing ecological constraints), finding similarities between the organization of one Pueblo society, the Hopi, and features of what Kopytoff calls “internal frontier societies” in Africa. Hopi political and ceremonial organization is viewed as responding to “internal frontier” migrations.
Regulation of cardiovascular physiology by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase Iα

The nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP signaling system regulates both vascular and cardiac function in fundamental ways. Vascular tone is dynamically regulated by vascular smooth muscle cell contractile state. The main effector of NO/cGMP action in cardiovascular target tissues is cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG), a cGMP-activated serine-threonine kinase with multiple targets in vascular and cardiac cells. In the vasculature, the NO/cGMP/ PKG signaling system is the most important endogenous vasodilator system known. Vascular contraction by many agonists is mediated by Gq-coupled receptor activation, calcium mobilization and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits vascular contraction by activating PKGIα, which both attenuates calcium mobilization by GPCR and activates myosin phosphatase (PP1M), causing dephosphorylation of myosin light chain and VSMC relaxation. We have shown that PKGIα binds directly to the MBS subunit of the PP1M phosphatase. PKGIα also attenuates signaling by Gq-coupled receptors via a direct interaction with the regulator of G-protein signaling, RGS2, which PKGI phosphorylates and activates to terminate Gq-coupled receptor-mediated signaling. The N-terminal leucine zipper (LZ) of PKGIα mediates its interaction with PP1M and RGS2. To explore the role of PKGIα in blood vessels and heart, we used gene targeting several years ago to create mice that express a LZ mutant (LZM) form of PKGIα in which critical amino acids in the leucine zipper motif have been substituted to disrupt LZ binding. Newer studies of these mice will be described. VSMC from PKGIα mutant mice display multiple phenotypic abnormalities in culture. In addition, PKGIα-mediated regulation of Rho/Rho kinase signaling is disrupted in intact VSMC from LZM mice. Blood vessels from PKG1α mutant mice relax abnormally and intact PKG1α mutant mice have systemic hypertension, without detectable abnormalities of renal function. New data regarding PKGIα and myocardial function in wild type and LZM mice will also be discussed. These data demonstrate the central importance of PKGIα signaling in maintenance of normal vascular physiology and blood pressure, and in the regulation of myocardial hypertrophy.
Radiation from a charged particle in a magnetoplasma

Two expressions for the power radiated by a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetoplasma are derived, using a method similar to that of Kolomenskii, Eidman and Liemohn. The first expression is identical with that of Eidman. The reason for the correctness of Eidman's result for dispersive media, in spite of his complete neglect of dispersion in the derivation, is explained. Liemohn, by taking dispersion into account at only one stage of the derivation, obtains a result which disagrees with the present one, often by many orders of magnitude, as illustrated by computations.The second expression is derived by several authors by different methods; it is more suitable for computations than the first one. The radiation bands and their limiting frequencies are discussed systematically.
Performance Assessment of Run-to-Run EWMA Controllers

An iterative method is developed to optimize a performance criterion for best achievable performance for discrete integral controllers used in run-to-run control. An analytical expression is derived so that a realistic assessment of the given integral controller is obtained. Using the theoretical equivalence of discrete integral and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) controllers, the method is then extended to performance assessment of EWMA controllers. A semiconductor manufacturing example is used to illustrate the utility of the method.
Using random test selection to gain confidence in modified software

This paper presents a method that addresses two practical issues concerning the use of random test selection for regression testing: the number of random samples needed from the test suite to provide reliable results, and the confidence levels of the predictions made by the random samples. The method applies the Chernoff bound, which has been applied in various randomized algorithms, to compute the error bound for random test selection. The paper presents three example applications, based on the method, for regression testing. The main benefits of the method are that it requires no distribution information about the test suite from which the samples are taken, and the computation of the confidence level is independent of the size of the test suite. The paper also presents the results of an empirical evaluation of the technique on a set of C programs, which have been used in many testing experiments, along with three of the GCC compilers. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and show its potential for regression testing on real-world, large-scale applications.
Reasons for stimulant use among Latino gay men in San Francisco: a comparison between methamphetamine and cocaine users

The literature on drug-using gay men has documented a strong relationship between methamphetamine (MA) use and high-risk sexual practices. Of particular concern is that MA use is associated with powerful sexual effects that may facilitate the transmission of HIV. As a group, Latino gay men show high risk for HIV infection, and such risk has been related to episodes of sex under the influence of drugs. However, little information exists about stimulant use among Latino gay men, and it is not known whether MA use in this population is similarly motivated by sexual effects. This study reports reasons for stimulant use in a sample of 300 Latino gay men randomly selected from social and sexual venues; only men who reported stimulant use in the last 6 months were included in the study. Of stimulant users, 51% (n=153) reported MA, 44% (n=133) reported cocaine, and 5% (n=14) reported crack as their “most frequently used stimulant” (MFS); reasons for use were assessed for the participant’s specific MFS. Reasons for stimulant use clustered by five main factors, including energy, sexual enhancement, social connection, coping with stressors, and focused work productivity. MA users gave reasons more frequently related to sexual enhancement (to have better sex, more sex, and more anal sex) whereas cocaine users gave reasons more often related to social connections (to be more sociable and to fit in with other gay men). These findings suggest that Latino gay men use stimulants for reasons that are important in their social, emotional, work, and sexual lives. Like non-Latino Whites, Latino gay men were found to rely on MA for reasons related to sexual enhancement, possibly to meet cultural expectations and norms of sexual prowess and sexual success in the gay community.
Synthesis of Uniform Titanium and 1:1 Strontium‐Titanium Carboxyhydrosols by Controlled Hydrolysis of Alkoxymetal Carboxylate Precursors

Uniform inorganic carboxyhydrosols containing titanium or strontium and titanium cations were precipitated from isopropyl alcohol solutions by the controlled hydrolysis of metal alkoxycarboxylate precursors. The hydrolysis of various triisopropoxytitanium carboxylate compounds yielded the capability to control particle size. Spherical particles of carboxyhydrosols were prepared in mean sizes from 0.4 to 2.9 μm. Controlled hydrolysis of quintaisopropoxystrontium titanium octanoate resulted in slightly agglomerated, uniform 1-μm spheres in a solvent medium in which controlled precipitation of uniform powders was not previously possible. Conversion of the hydrous oxide carboxylate precipitate to the oxide via calcination or hydrothermal treatment was possible.
Experimental and computational studies of oxidizer and fuel side addition of ethanol to opposed flow air/ethylene flames

Results of computations based on a detailed chemical kinetic combustion mechanism and results of experiments are compared to understand the influence of ethanol vapor addition upon soot formation and OH radical concentration in opposed flow ethylene/air diffusion flames. For this work, ethanol vapor was added to either the fuel or the oxidizer gases. Experiment and calculations are in qualitative agreement, and both show differing concentrations of soot, soot precursors, and OH depending on whether the ethanol is added to the fuel or oxidizer gases. An explanation for the observed differences for oxidizer or fuel side ethanol addition to opposed flow ethylene/air diffusion flames is proposed, based on an analysis of the chemical kinetic mechanism used in the computations.
Intracavity sum-frequency generation of blue light in a synchronously mode-locked cw dye laser.

Intracavity upconversion is demonstrated in a synchronously pumped Styryl 9M dye laser. Picosecond blue pulses at 463 nm are generated by type II nearly noncritical phase-matched intracavity sum-frequency mixing in KTiOPCO4 of the dye-laser pulses at 824 nm and injected pulses from a mode-locked cw Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm.
A system for programming and controlling a multisensor robotic hand

A system for programming and controlling a multisensor robotic hand (Utah-MIT Hand) is described. Using this system, a number of autonomous tasks that are easily programmed and include combinations of hand-arm actuation with force, position, and tactile sensing have been implemented. The system is controlled at the software level by a programming language DIAL that provides an easy method for expressing the parallel operation of robotic devices. It also provides a convenient way to implement task-level scripts that can then be bound to particular sensors, actuators, and methods for accomplishing a generic grasping or manipulation task. Experiments using the system to pick up and pour from a pitcher, unscrew a lightbulb, and explore planar surfaces are presented. >
The mode features of an annular sector microstrip antenna

A rigorous analysis of the features of the modes of an annular sector printed microstrip antenna is presented. General expressions for its radiation field are derived by using the cavity model. The expressions are used to study the radiation patterns, radiation peak in the broadside direction, and beamwidth of different structures for various sector angles, widths, and modes of excitation. This includes the special cases of quarter-, half-, three-quarters-, and ideal-gap open-ring structures. Compared to a closed ring, the results indicate that the TM/sub 12/ mode is superior to the TM/sub 11/ mode with regard to the radiation properties in the annular sector as its angle approaches 2 pi . >
A Close Look At The Driving Forces Of The Sino-Foreign International Joint Ventures

The current study employs measures developed for examining Sino-American international joint ventures (IJV) driving forces in transitional economies. This research reports some significant differences of the IJV factors existing between mature economies and transitional economies. This study also proposes key driving forces to inform a Sino-American IJV in the Chinese context. In addition, the current study explores the degree to which the above factors affect Sino-American IJV establishment in the context of contemporary Chinese conditions.
Dicumarol in experimental myocardial infarction.

Abstract Myocardial infarction was produced in twenty-five dogs by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Fiften of the animals were given Dicumarol in amounts equivalent to those used in the management of patients with recent myocardial infarction. There was no evidence that the altered coagulability of the blood affected the extent or the healing of the infarcts. Serial electrocardiograms did not show any consistent significant difference between the treated animals and the controls.
Performance of a multianode straw tube detector

Abstract We report on the performance of a multianode straw tube detector using cosmic rays. It is constructed inside a 5 cm diameter straw tube with twelve anode wires. A calibration technique and track reconstruction algorithm is developed for this type of detector, and we calculate the resolution from the residual distribution and show that ~170 μm resolution is not difficult to achieve. The technique is general and especially useful for detectors with complex electric fields with or without the magnetic field.
Assessment of Interstitial Fluid Adenosine: Implications for Exogenous and Endogenous Adenosine-Mediated Cardioprotection

This chapter focuses on a specific aspect of the cardioprotective properties of adenosine, namely how the sampling of myocardial interstitial fluid (ISF) and the estimate of the changes in ISF adenosine provides insight into the protective actions of adenosine. As such, this chapter will concentrate on adenosine itself, both endogenously produced as well as exogenously administered, and will describe the effectiveness of certain pharmaceutical strategies designed to augment endogenous ISF adenosine. Because of the emphasis on the assessment of ISF adenosine, the wealth of important and interesting data dealing with pharmacological agents which are cardioprotective due to their direct actions at the adenosine receptor will not be discussed in this chapter.
Hypertension/Hyperlipidemia/Hyperhomocysteinemia and Nutrition Approaches

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia are modifiable risk factors for stroke that can be controlled through dietary intervention. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia contribute to atherosclerosis, causing hardening and narrowing of artery walls, including carotid arteries which carry oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Hardening and narrowing of carotid arteries could result in two types of stroke: a rupture, known as intracranial hemorrhage, or a blood clot, which would cause a cerebral infarction. A diet low in sodium can prevent and control hypertension. A diet low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol can prevent and control hyperlipidemia. A diet that meets 100 % of recommended intake of vitamins can prevent hyperhomocysteinemia. The DASH Diet Eating Plan is an effective way to follow a low sodium, low-fat, and vitamin-rich diet. Regular physical activity reduces risk of stroke and hypertension and lowers both blood pressure and blood lipids.
Alcohol-Ingestive Habits

We propose that alcohol is a food and that drinking alcohol is fundamentally a feeding habit. Many feeding habits are acquired by Pavlovian conditioning in which the flavor of food [conditioned stimulus (CS)] is adjusted by the aftereffects of the ingested meal [unconditioned stimulus (US)]. Thus, repletion of nutritive deficits or recuperation from illness enhances flavor palatability, whereas toxicosis or nausea reduces it. After reviewing the major functional and neurophysiological features of this homeostatic conditioning process, we relate them to the flavor (CS) and effect (US) of alcohol. We present evidence suggesting that the caloric effects of low-dose alcoholic drinks may help to establish and maintain alcohol habits through conditioned palatability changes. Included is a general treatment of the antagonistic interactions between such homeostatic conditioning and the behavioral mechanisms used to defend against peripheral insults such as electric shock. In closing, we discuss the implications for modifying alcoholic habits.
Surface-wave propagation under initial tension or compression

The propagation of Rayleigh waves in a half-space and the propagation of Love waves in a welded layer and half-space are examined when initial tensile or compressive stresses are present. Using the perturbed and linearized equations of elasticity, which include the effects of initial stress, a modified Rayleigh equation and a modified Love equation are obtained. The solution of the equations shows a dramatic change in the phase speeds of the two wave types under initial tension or compression. Numerical results are presented.
Case History Problem Solving: Part III Cerebral Cortex: Cortical Localization

These cases represent the gamut of disease affecting the cerebral cortex. The pathology represented may be tumor, infarction, or hemorrhage. Some of the lesions are intrinsic; others are extrinsic. The nature of the pathology may be uncertain; the location of the pathology, however, should be evident to you.
Cl- transport in basolateral renal medullary vesicles: I. Cl- transport in intact vesicles.

This paper provides the results of studies which characterized conductive36Cl− flux in basolaterally enriched membrane vesicles prepared from rabbit renal outer medulla. Conductive36Cl− uptake was studied under two different experimental conditions. In the first,36Cl− flux was driven by an inside positive voltage created with oppositely directed Cl− and gluconate gradients. In the second, an inwardly direct K+ gradient was used to drive36Cl− uptake. By these two methods, voltage-sensitive36Cl− uptake was shown to comprise about 45 and 65%, respectively, of the initial rates of total36Cl− flux. Separate paired studies demonstrated that the conductive36Cl− uptake was inhibited by the Cl− channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) with an IC50 for DPC of 154 μm. The voltagedependent36Cl− uptake had an activation energy of 6.4 kcal/mole. This36Cl− conductance had an anion selectivity sequence of I−>Cl−≧NO 3 − ≫gluconate.
Abstract LB-148: The role of EZH2 in the regulation of the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a critical step in cancer metastasis, is determined by the balance between MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and their inhibitors TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases). In cancer cells, this balance is shifted towards MMPs, promoting ECM degradation. Here, we show that EZH2 plays an active role in this process by repressing the expression of TIMP2 and TIMP3 in prostate cancer cells. The TIMP genes are derepressed by knockdown of EZH2 expression in human prostate cancer cells but repressed by overexpression of EZH2 in benign human prostate epithelial cells. EZH2 catalyzes H3K27 trimethylation and subsequent DNA methylation of the TIMP gene promoters. Overexpression of EZH2 confers an invasive phenotype on benign prostate epithelial cells; however, this phenotype is suppressed by cooverexpression of TIMP3. EZH2 knockdown markedly reduces the proteolytic activity of MMP-9, thereby decreasing the invasive activity of prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that the transcriptional repression of the TIMP genes by EZH2 may be a major mechanism to shift the MMPs/TIMPs balance in favor of MMP activity and thus to promote ECM degradation and subsequent invasion of prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-148. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-148
Effect of Citrus Root Exudates on Germination of Chlamydospores of the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Glomus Epigaeum

The effect of root exudates from Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis) on germination of surface-sterilized chlamydospores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus epigaeum, was examined on water agar. Optimum temperature for spore germination was 25 C. After 7 da exposure of spores to root exudates, germination was increased from less than 10% (distilled water control) to up to 27%. Germ tube length of exudate-treated spores was more than four times greater than that of untreated spores. Root exudates stimulated branching of germ tubes, whereas germ tubes of untreated spores branched infrequently. These results indicate that root exudates affect spore germination and germ tube growth of G. epigaeum and thereby could influence subsequent root colonization and VAM formation.
Studies of Introital Colonization in Women with Recurrent Urinary Infections. IV. The Role of Local Vaginal Antibodies

AbstractImmunoglobulins IgG and IgA were determined in 94 collections of vaginal fluid from 10 patients before, during and after 17 episodes of bacteriuria. The results were compared to 49 collections from 6 volunteer controls who had never had bacteriuria. The mean IgG concentration in patients (48 plus or minus 54mg. per cent) was no different from controls (50 plus or minus 33mg. per cent). IgA concentrations were 2.6 plus or minus 2.1 and 2.6 plus or minus 2.4mg. per cent, respectively. Bacterial agglutination titers in vaginal fluid to Escherichia coli colonizing the vaginal vestibule of the patients were no different (7.7 plus or minus 9.8, reciprocal tube titer) than the titers to the predominant Escherichia coli cultured from the rectum of the controls (9.7 plus or minus 5.0). Longitudinal studies in patients failed to show any relationship between vaginal colonization with changing serotypes of Escherichia coli and agglutination titers in vaginal fluid.
Principles of Holography

The basic principle of holography consists of the recording of the hologram by interference between the object wave and the reference wave followed by the diffraction and propagation of another reference wave resulting in the formation of the holographic image. This is illustrated with two elementary holograms: holography of plane waves and holography of point sources. Holography can be realized through a large range of materials and optical processes. A brief overview of the holographic processes is given below.
Review of Political Order and Inequality: Their Foundations and Their Consequences by Carles Boix

Political Order and Inequality: Their Foundations and Their Consequences argues that geography, technology, and wars determined the formation of a ruling class, inequality, and institutional development, rather than the other way around. Institutions are not a cause but a consequence. This relatively short book covers an enormous amount of material. I have sympathy for the basic idea of the book, but in some parts I would have liked to see more detailed evidence, especially on the more recent history and the Industrial Revolution.
Defining Trends in Global Gene Expression in Arabian Horses with Cerebellar Abiotrophy

Equine cerebellar abiotrophy (CA) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease that affects the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum and causes ataxia in Arabian foals. Signs of CA are typically first recognized either at birth to any time up to 6 months of age. CA is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on equine chromosome 2 (13074277G>A), located in the fourth exon of TOE1 and in proximity to MUTYH on the antisense strand. We hypothesize that unraveling the functional consequences of the CA SNP using RNA-seq will elucidate the molecular pathways underlying the CA phenotype. RNA-seq (100 bp PE strand-specific) was performed in cerebellar tissue from four CA-affected and five age-matched unaffected horses. Three pipelines for differential gene expression (DE) analysis were used (Tophat2/Cuffdiff2, Kallisto/EdgeR, and Kallisto/Sleuth) with 151 significant DE genes identified by all three pipelines in CA-affected horses. TOE1 (Log2(foldchange) = 0.92, p = 0.66) and MUTYH (Log2(foldchange) = 1.13, p = 0.66) were not differentially expressed. Among the major pathways that were differentially expressed, genes associated with calcium homeostasis and specifically expressed in Purkinje neurons, CALB1 (Log2(foldchange) = -1.7, p < 0.01) and CA8 (Log2(foldchange) = -0.97, p < 0.01), were significantly down-regulated, confirming loss of Purkinje neurons. There was also a significant up-regulation of markers for microglial phagocytosis, TYROBP (Log2(foldchange) = 1.99, p < 0.01) and TREM2 (Log2(foldchange) = 2.02, p < 0.01). These findings reaffirm a loss of Purkinje neurons in CA-affected horses along with a potential secondary loss of granular neurons and activation of microglial cells.