cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological functioning in youth with obsessive compulsive disorder: an examination of executive function and memory impairment.

Abstract Preliminary research suggests neuropsychological deficits in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) similar to those in adults; however, small samples and methodological confounds limit interpretation. We aimed to examine the rates and clinical correlates of cognitive sequelae in youth with OCD, focusing on executive functioning and memory abilities. Youth ages 7–17 years with OCD ( N =96) completed a hypothesis-driven neuropsychological battery (including the Rey–Osterreith Complex Figure, California Verbal Learning Test, and subtests of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System and Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning) that primarily assessed executive functioning, memory and processing speed. Cognitive sequelae were identified in 65% of youth (37% using a more stringent definition of impairment). Magnitude of cognitive sequelae was not associated with OCD severity or age; however, greater neuropsychological impairments were found amongst youth prescribed atypical neuroleptics and those diagnosed with comorbid tic disorders. Comorbidity burden was associated with presence of neuropsychological impairment, but was not specific to any single test. Findings suggest that the presence of cognitive sequelae is prevalent amongst treatment-seeking youth with OCD. Deficits were found in executive functioning and non-verbal memory performance but these impairments were not associated with OCD severity.
Stress-Optical Coefficient of trans-1, 4-Polybutadiene and trans-1, 4-Polyisoprene Networks. Measurements and Theoretical Interpretation

Stress, strain, and birefringence measurements have been carried out on swollen and unswollen networks of trans-1,4-polybutadiene (trans-PBE) and trans-1,4-polyisoprene (trans-PIP), gutta percha. The average values of the optical anisotropy ΔΓ of Kuhn’s random link for specimens swollen with solvents of optically and geometrically nearly isotropic molecules (simply, isotropic solvents) are 6.1 A3 for trans-PBE and 5.8 A3 for trans-PIP, while for unswollen specimens they are 8.6 A3 and 9.2 A3, respectively. For comparison, some measurements on swollen networks of cis-1,4-polyisoprene are included. The decrease in ΔΓ upon swelling with isotropic solvents, observed previously also for polyethylene and cis dienic polymers, is ascribed to the short-range orientational (parallel) order among polymer segments and solvent molecules, caused by the excluded volume and space-filling requirement. The unperturbed dimension ‹r2›, ΔΓ, and their temperature coefficients have been calculated for both trans-PBE and PIP, on the basis of conformational models explored by Mark and of theories developed previously by us. Alternative models for trans- and cis-PIP are presented from certain structure-geometric considerations. Theoretical values of ΔΓ are in close agreement with observed values obtained with isotropic solvents, provided statistical weight parameters adjusted to ‹r2› are combined with the anisotropic bond polarizabilities given by Clement and Bothorel, just as in the case of cis dienic polymers previously discussed.
Pandemic Influenza Plans in Residential Care Facilities

Objectives: To identify characteristics of residential care facilities (RCFs) associated with having a pandemic influenza plan. Design: Nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Setting: RCFs in the United States. Participants: Participating facilities in the 2010 National Survey of RCFs (N = 2,294), representing 31,030 assisted living facilities and personal care homes. Measurements: Facility-level characteristics associated with a pandemic influenza plan, including general organization descriptors, staffing, resident services, and immunization practices. Results: Forty-five percent (95% confidence interval (CI) = 43–47%) had a pandemic plan, 14% (95% CI = 13–16%) had a plan in preparation, and 41% (95% CI = 38–43%) had no plan. In the multivariable model, organization characteristics, staffing, and immunization practices were independently associated with the presence of a pandemic preparedness plan. Organization characteristics were larger size (extra large, OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.96–5.46; large, OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.81–3.75; medium, OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.21–2.27 vs small), not-for-profit status (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31–2.09 vs for profit), and chain affiliation (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31–2.09 vs nonaffiliated). Staffing characteristics included number of registered nurse hours (<15 minutes, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07–1.74 vs no hours), any licensed practical nurse hours (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08–1.99 vs no hours), and at least 75 hours of required training for aides (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05–1.71 vs <75 hours). RCFs with high staff influenza vaccination rates (81–100%, OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.27–3.53 vs 0% vaccinated) were also more likely to have a pandemic plan. Conclusion: A majority of RCFs lacked a pandemic influenza plan. These facilities were smaller, for-profit, non-chain-affiliated RCFs and had lower staff vaccination rates. These characteristics may help target facilities that need to develop plans to handle a pandemic, or other disasters.
Near-equilibrium dynamics of crystalline interfaces with long-range interactions in (1+1)-dimensional systems.

The dynamics of a one-dimensional crystalline interface model with long-range interactions is investigated. In the absence of randomness, the linear response mobility decreases to zero when the temperature approaches the roughening transition from above, in contrast to a finite jump at the critical point in the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. In the presence of substrate disorder, there exists a phase transition into a low-temperature pinning phase with a continuously varying dynamic exponent z\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1. The expressions for the nonlinear response mobility of a crystalline interface in both cases are also derived.
Metallophthalocyanine Based Low-Dimensional Polymers and Related Molecular Compounds. Charge Transport and Electronic Structure Studies of A Metal-Free “Molecular Metal”

Abstract Single crystals of H2(Pc)I behave as a “molecular metal” with σRT ≈ 700 Ω−1cm−1 (σ‖/σ⊥ ≈ 500) and σmax ≈ 4000 Ω−1cm−1. The static magnetic susceptibility is Paulilike, and a Drude analysis of the optical reflectivity yields a tight-binding bandwidth of 0.77(7) eV.
Transport capacity of pyroclastic density currents: Experiments and models of substrate-flow interaction

[1] One of the more distinctive features of many ignimbrites is the presence of large lithics (some greater than meter scale) and pumices that have been transported great distances (>10 km) from the eruptive vent, sometimes over steep terrain and expanses of water. In many cases, these particles have been transported much further than can be explained by aerodynamic forces and ballistic trajectories. We examine the forces responsible for transport of large clasts and examine in detail the momentum transfer occurring when particles interact with their boundaries. We performed a suite of experiments and numerical simulations to quantify the mass and momentum transfer that occurs when particles interact with a pumice bed substrate and with water substrate, two geologically motivated flow end-members. We find that clasts transported in dilute currents are particularly sensitive to the nature of the boundary, and while large particles can skip several times on a water substrate, they travel less far than particles that impact pumice bed substrates. All else being equal, large particles in dense pyroclastic density currents are themselves relatively insensitive to the details of their boundaries; however, one of the most important ways boundary conditions influence large particles is not through direct interaction but by changing the local concentration of fine particles. Momentum transfer from fine particles to large particles appears to be required to transport large clasts great distances. If initially dense flows become dilute during transport, then the transport capacity of large particles in the flow is substantially decreased.
Parasympathetic innervation of canine tracheal smooth muscle.

To investigate whether efferent parasympathetic fibers to the tracheal smooth muscle course through the pararecurrent nerve rather than the recurrent or the superior laryngeal nerve, we stimulated ...
Beam test results for the DO upgrade microstrip tracker

Results of the analysis from data taken during a 1997 testbeam at Fermilab are presented. The performance of Si microstrip detectors are studied which will be used in the Silicon Tracker that is part of the upgrade of the DO detector currently under way. Special consideration is given to modeling of the drift of charge clusters in a magnetic field.
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS

On page 348, Vol. viii, No. 4, April 20, 1926, in the last line of foot-note 17, for the expression 0.8/22.4x295/273 =0.034 read 0.8x(22.4x295/273) =0.034.
Validation of the Partin Nomogram for Prostate Cancer in a National Sample

Purpose: The Partin tables are a nomogram that is widely used to discriminate prostate cancer pathological stages, given common preoperative clinical characteristics. The nomogram is based on patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. We validated the Partin tables in a large, population based sample.Materials and Methods: The National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was used to identify patients treated from 2004 to 2005 who underwent radical prostatectomy. The 2007 Partin tables were used to estimate the prevalence of positive lymph nodes, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension and organ confined disease in men with prostate cancer in the database using clinical stage, preoperative prostate specific antigen and Gleason score. The discriminative ability of the tables was explored by constructing ROC curves.Results: We identified 11,185 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in 2004 to 2005. The...
Review: The Fiber Length of Coalinga Chrysotile: Enhanced Clearance due to Its Short Nature in Aqueous Solution with a Brief Critique on ``Short Fiber Toxicity''

‘‘Coalinga’’ chrysotile is a short fiber chrysotile that historically has been noted to be very different from other forms of asbestos. Under the microscope the ‘‘extreme fiber length’’, typical of most forms of asbestos, was said to be neither ‘‘visible’’ nor ‘‘even measurable’’. This morphology has been recognized for decades. ‘‘Short’’ fiber also refers to the predominant length distribution of a fiber population in a given sample. The US Government used Coalinga chrysotile as its ‘‘standard’’ short fiber sample preparation for animal testing by ingestion and inhalation more than 30 years ago. The ‘‘standard’’ preparations were largely composed of fibers less than 5mm long. This was only demonstrable in aqueous solution because Coalinga chrysotiles are composed of loosely bound short fibers and fibrils that fall apart into their constituent components in an aqueous milieu. The short length is thus not an artifact of sample preparation but a reflection of the nature of the starting materials. However, currently used regulatory counting methods do not discriminate between Coalinga type and typical long chrysotile fibers even though their biological potencies differ radically. Consequently, these methods grossly overestimate the attendant health risks. Biologically relevant fiber length discrimination is determined by macrophage mediated clearance and, more specifically, macrophage diameter. The diameter of a human macrophage approximates 10–15mm providing a logical biological foundation for differentiating ‘‘short’’ vs. ‘‘long’’ fibers. The findings of this report support the importance of fiber length cut-offs at this level.
On Being a Legal Expert

### Some Thoughts on “Advocacy” I believe that the dilemma of this case does not involve Dr. D's being the patient's personal physician, nor does it involve his receiving a reasonable fee for the time he spends on this case. The ethical problem has to do with his professional competence to testify about his patient's disability as a result of the patient's work injury. If Dr. D in fact has this competence, I don't see any reason why he shouldn't testify. There is a long history, especially in the oncologic and transplantation literature, of physicians going to court on …
First-principles investigation of boron defects in nickel ferrite spinel

Abstract The accumulation of boron within the porous nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4, NFO) deposited on nuclear reactor fuel rods is a major technological problem with important safety and economical implications. In this work, the electronic structure of nickel ferrite spinel has been investigated using first-principles methods, and the theoretical results have been combined with experimental data to analyze B incorporation into the spinel structure of NFO. Under thermodynamic solid–solid equilibrium between NFO and atomic reservoirs of Ni and Fe, our calculations predict that the incorporation of B into the NFO structure is unfavorable. The main factors that limit B incorporation are the narrow stability domain of NFO and the precipitation of B2O3, Fe3BO5, and Ni3B2O6 compounds as secondary phases. The B incorporation energies depend sensitively on the electron chemical potential (EF) and the charge state of the defect. In n-type NFO, the most stable defect is the Ni vacancy V Ni 2 - while in p-type material lowest the formation energy belongs to the interstitial B occupying a tetrahedrally coordinated site B T 2 + . Because of these limiting conditions it is more thermodynamically favorable for B to form secondary phases with Fe, Ni and O (e.g. B2O3, Fe3BO5, and Ni3B2O6) than it is to form point defects in NFO.
Analysis of interacting BPEL web services

This paper presents a set of tools and techniques for analyzing interactions of composite web services which are specified in BPEL and communicate through asynchronous XML messages. We model the interactions of composite web services as conversations, the global sequence of messages exchanged by the web services. As opposed to earlier work, our tool-set handles rich data manipulation via XPath expressions. This allows us to verify designs at a more detailed level and check properties about message content. We present a framework where BPEL specifications of web services are translated to an intermediate representation, followed by the translation of the intermediate representation to a verification language. As an intermediate representation we use guarded automata augmented with unbounded queues for incoming messages, where the guards are expressed as XPath expressions. As the target verification language we use Promela, input language of the model checker SPIN. Since SPIN model checker is a finite-state verification tool we can only achieve partial verification by fixing the sizes of the input queues in the translation. We propose the concept of synchronizability to address this problem. We show that if a composite web service is synchronizable, then its conversation set remains same when asynchronous communication is replaced with synchronous communication. We give a set of sufficient conditions that guarantee synchronizability and that can be checked statically. Based on our synchronizability results, we show that a large class of composite web services with unbounded input queues can be completely verified using a finite state model checker such as SPIN.
The role of H-current in regulating strength and frequency of thalamic network oscillations

Intrathalamic oscillations related to sleep and epilepsy depend on interactions between synaptic mechanisms and intrinsic membrane excitability. One intrinsic conductance implicated in the genesis of thalamic oscillations is the H-current — a cationic current activated by membrane hyperpolarization. Activation of H-current promotes rebound excitation of thalamic relay neurons and can thus enhance recurrent network activity. We examined the effects of H-current modulation on bicuculline-enhanced network oscillations (2–4 Hz) in rat thalamic slices. The adrenergic agonist norepinephrine, a known regulator of H-current, caused an alteration of the internal structure of the oscillations — they were enhanced and accelerated as the interval between bursts was shortened. The acceleration was blocked by the -adrenergic antagonist propranolol. The -agonist isoproterenol mimicked the effect of norepinephrine on oscillation frequency and truncated the responses suggesting that a -adrenergic up-regulation of H-current modifies the internal structure (frequency) of thalamic oscillations. Consistent with this, we found that H-channel blockade by Cs + or ZD7288 could decelerate the oscillations and produce more robust (longer lasting) responses. High concentrations of either Cs + or ZD7288 blocked the oscillations. These results indicate that a critical amount of H-current is necessary for optimal intrathalamic oscillations in the delta frequency range. Up- or down-regulation of H-current alter not only the oscillation frequency but also retard or promote the development of thalamic synchronous oscillations. This conclusion has important implications regarding the development of epilepsy in thalamocortical circuits. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Brand Portfolio Promotions

Abstract Large firms implement brand portfolio promotions (BPPs) that promote multiple brands to targeted consumers at discrete times. Such programs possess unique properties that require a novel model to assess their effectiveness. The authors propose a model that captures the magnitude and shape of the BPP effect for each brand in the portfolio, accounts for diminishing returns of brand exposure, and incorporates the intertemporal effect of BPPs. The model is shown to be general enough to apply to any discrete promotion in which the carryover effect duration is unknown. The authors present several model-based metrics that allow for an objective comparison of a BPP's return on investment with that of other forms of promotion. The results suggest that a BPP, when contrasted with feature, leads to higher sales lift per household for some of the brands. The authors develop an optimal exposure allocation procedure based on the proposed model that informs (1) which assortments of brands to promote across mult...
Spectropolarimetric imaging for object recognition

We have built an all-electronic spectro-polarimetric imaging camera utilizing an acousto-optic tunable filter and a liquid crystal variable retardation plate. This combination of rapidly adjustable parameters allows operations at 30/sec. frame rate, and near real time adaptability to changing target signatures. The spectral capability of the AOTF permits us to apply simultaneous, multiple wavelength filtering which greatly increases selectivity. Electronically agile polarization analysis adds a valuable signature feature for many scenarios. The adjustable retardation gives the capability to analyze and display not only linear polarization, but more generally, elliptical polarization as well. We have developed background suppression algorithms based on spectral and polarization signatures so that a wide variety of targets may be displayed with greatly enhanced contrast.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Discriminative stimulus properties of the serotonergic agent 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI)

Using a two-lever drug discrimination procedure, six rats were trained to discriminate 0.5 mg/kg of racemic 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) from saline. Once trained, the animals demonstrated a dose-related decrease in discriminative performance upon administration of lower doses of DOI (ED50 = 0.16 mg/kg). DOI-stimulus generalization occurred with the putative 5-HT2 agonist DOM (ED50 = 0.49 mg/kg), but not with the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH DPAT, or the 5-HT1B agonist TFMPP. Furthermore, the DOI stimulus could be antagonized by pretreatment of the animals with the 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin. The present results, coupled with the prior demonstration that DOI possesses a significant affinity and selectivity for 5-HT2 binding sites, suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of DOI may be 5-HT2-mediated.
Solar forcing of Gulf of California climate during the past 2000 yr suggested by diatoms and silicoflagellates

Abstract High-resolution records of the past 2000 yr are compared in a north–south transect (28° N to 24° N) of three cores from the eastern slopes of the Guaymas, Carmen, and Pescadero Basins of the Gulf of California (hereafter referred to as the “Gulf”). Evenly-spaced samples from the varved sediments in each core allow sample resolution ranging from ∼ 16 to ∼ 37 yr. Diatoms and silicoflagellates capture the seasonal variation between a late fall to early spring period of high biosiliceous productivity, that is driven by northwest winds, and a summer period of warmer, more stratified waters during which these winds slacken and/or reverse direction (monsoonal flow). As these winds decrease, tropical waters enter the Gulf and spread northward. Individual samples represent a composite of 7 to 23 yr of deposition and are assumed to record the relative dominance of the winter vs. summer floral components. Intervals of enhanced summer incursion of tropical waters, alternating with periods of increased late fall to early spring biosiliceous productivity are recorded in all three cores. Regularly spaced cycles (∼ 100 yr duration) of Octactis pulchra, a silicoflagellate proxy for lower SST and high productivity, and Azpeitia nodulifera, a tropical diatom, occur between ∼ A.D. 400 and ∼ 1700 in the more nearshore Carmen Basin core, NH01-21 (26.3° N), suggesting a possible solar influence on coastal upwelling. Cores BAM80 E-17 (27.9° N) and NH01-26 (24.3° N) contain longer-duration cycles of diatoms and silicoflagellates. The early part of Medieval Climate Anomaly (∼ A.D. 900 to 1200) is characterized by two periods of reduced productivity (warmer SST) with an intervening high productivity (cool) interval centered at ∼ A.D. 1050. Reduced productivity and higher SST also characterize the record of the last ∼ 100 to 200 yr in these cores. Solar variability appears to be driving productivity cycles, as intervals of increased radiocarbon production (sunspot minima) correlate with intervals of enhanced productivity. It is proposed that increased winter cooling of the atmosphere above southwest U.S. during sunspot minima causes intensification of the northwest winds that blow down the Gulf during the late fall to early spring, leading to intensified overturn of surface waters and enhanced productivity. A new silicoflagellate species, Dictyocha franshepardii Bukry, is described and illustrated.
VALIDATION OF A PREDICTION MODEL AND ITS PREDICTORS FOR THE HISTOLOGY OF RESIDUAL MASSES IN NONSEMINOMATOUS TESTICULAR CANCER

Purpose: We validated a prediction model for histology of residual retroperitoneal masses, either benign or tumor, in patients treated with chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer.Materials and Methods: We studied 276 patients treated with chemotherapy before retroperitoneal lymph node dissection at Indiana University Medical Center between 1985 and 1999. A previously developed prediction model was modified to provide predictions for the Indiana population based on 5 predictors. For these predictors, including teratomatous elements in the primary tumor, pre-chemotherapy tumor markers (α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin), size of the residual mass and reduction in mass size, univariate and multivariate odds ratios were determined. The modified model was evaluated by calculating the concordance statistic and studying model reliability.Results: All odds ratios from univariate and multivariate analyses were in the expected directions. The modified model had good discriminativ...
Criminality Among Female Drug Users Following an HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention

The main objectives of this article are to determine the prevalence of criminality among a sample of female African American drug users and to examine change in criminality over time, including the correlates associated with this change. Data were collected from 336 adult women who participated in an HIV risk-reduction intervention focused on the context of the women's daily life. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted at baseline, prior to enrolling in the intervention, and at follow-up, 6 months after completion of the intervention. Bivariate and correlated multivariate methods were utilized to examine changes in criminality and other behaviors over time. Both violent and nonviolent criminality declined significantly between baseline and follow-up assessments. Of the correlates considered, drug-using characteristics and victimization played the greatest role in explaining the decrease in criminality. Low self-control and depressive symptoms also contributed to the reduction in criminality. The findings suggest the importance of considering individual characteristics that may influence the women's criminal behavior as well as the impact of their routine activities.
Clickers in the Large Classroom: Current Research and Best-Practice Tips

Audience response systems (ARS) or clickers, as they are commonly called, offer a management tool for engaging students in the large classroom. Basic elements of the technology are discussed. These systems have been used in a variety of fields and at all levels of education. Typical goals of ARS questions are discussed, as well as methods of compensating for the reduction in lecture time that typically results from their use. Examples of ARS use occur throughout the literature and often detail positive attitudes from both students and instructors, although exceptions do exist. When used in classes, ARS clickers typically have either a benign or positive effect on student performance on exams, depending on the method and extent of their use, and create a more positive and active atmosphere in the large classroom. These systems are especially valuable as a means of introducing and monitoring peer learning methods in the large lecture classroom. So that the reader may use clickers effectively in his or her own classroom, a set of guidelines for writing good questions and a list of best-practice tips have been culled from the literature and experienced users.
Assessment of ion size effects in the diffuse double layer with use of an integral equation approach.

An analytical expression is developed for the potential drop across the diffuse layer φd in terms of a cubic polynomial in the corresponding estimate in the Gouy−Chapman approximation, φd(GC). The coefficients of this polynomial are defined in terms of the MSA volume fraction η and the reciprocal distance parameter Γ. The resulting expression is shown to describe the Monte Carlo estimates of φd obtained in a primitive level simulation of diffuse layer properties.
New non-oscillatory central schemes on unstructured triangulations for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws

We discuss an extension of the Jiang-Tadmor and Kurganov-Tadmor fully-discrete non-oscillatory central schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws to unstructured triangular meshes. In doing so, we propose a new, ''genuinely multidimensional,'' non-oscillatory reconstruction-the minimum-angle plane reconstruction (MAPR). The MAPR is based on the selection of an interpolation stencil yielding a linear reconstruction with minimal angle with respect to the horizontal. This means that the MAPR does not bias the solution by using a coordinate direction-by-direction approach to the reconstruction, which is highly desirable when unstructured meshes consisting of elements with (almost) arbitrary geometry are used. To show the ''black-box solver'' capabilities of the proposed schemes, numerical results are presented for a number of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws (in two spatial dimensions) with convex and non-convex flux functions. In particular, it is shown that, even though the MAPR is neither designed with the goal of obtaining a scheme that satisfies a maximum principle in mind nor is total-variation diminishing (TVD), it provides a robust non-oscillatory reconstruction that captures composite waves accurately.
Faculty Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Web-Based Instruction in Social Work Education: A National Study

SUMMARY This paper presents the findings of a national study that examined the perceptions of faculty with Web-based teaching experience concerning the effectiveness of Web-based instruction as compared to face-to-face instruction in social work education. The findings suggest that faculty perceived face-to-face instruction to be more effective than Web-based instruction in all curriculum areas. However, the extent of perceived effectiveness of Web-based instruction varied by curriculum area. Also, online teaching in areas such as practice was viewed as least effective, suggesting that the traditional “no significant difference” conclusions between face-to-face and online teaching need to be examined more closely.
Variability of Arthroscopy Case Volume in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency

Purpose To examine orthopaedic surgery case logs for arthroscopy case volume during residency training and to evaluate trends in case volume and variability over time. Methods Publicly available Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education surgical case logs from 2007 to 2013 for orthopaedic surgery residency were assessed for variability and case volume trends in shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle arthroscopy. The national average number of procedures performed in each arthroscopy category reported was directly compared from 2009 to 2013. The 10th and 90th percentile arthroscopy case volume was compared between 2007 and 2013 for shoulder and knee arthroscopy procedures. Subsequently, the difference between the 10th and 90th percentile arthroscopy case volume in each category in 2007 was compared with the difference between the 10th and 90th percentile arthroscopy case volume in each category in 2013. Results From 2007 to 2013, shoulder arthroscopy procedures performed per resident increased by 43.1% ( P = .0001); elbow arthroscopy procedures increased by 28.0% ( P = .00612); wrist arthroscopy procedures increased by 8.6% ( P = .05); hip arthroscopy procedures, which were first reported in 2012, increased by 588.9%; knee arthroscopy procedures increased by 8.5% ( P = .0435); ankle arthroscopy increased by 27.6% ( P = .00149). The difference in knee and shoulder arthroscopy volume between residents in the 10th and 90th percentile in 2007 and residents in the 10th and 90th percentile in 2013 was not significant ( P > .05). There was a 3.66-fold difference in knee arthroscopy volume between residents in the 10th and 90th percentile in 2007, whereas the difference was 3.36-fold in 2013 ( P = .70). There was a 5.86-fold difference in shoulder arthroscopy case volume between residents in the 10th and 90th percentile in 2007, whereas the difference was 4.96-fold in 2013 ( P = .29). Conclusions The volume of arthroscopy cases performed by graduating orthopaedic surgery residents has significantly increased over time. There continues to be substantial variability in knee and shoulder arthroscopy case volume between residents in the 10th and 90th percentile. Clinical Relevance Variability in residency training is notable and may affect knowledge, skill, and practice patterns of surgeons.
Proximity effect: insight into the fundamental forces governing chemical reactivity of aromatic systems.

The analysis of different layers of proximity effect in ortho-substituted aromatic compounds, using a DFT-level study, is reported. Polar and steric components of the proximity effect have been partitioned by applying multivariate regression analysis to an unusual six-electron heteroelectrocyclic reaction of the ortho-substituted nitrosostyrenes. The two pathways, 1,5- and 1,6-cyclizations, emanating from these substrates result into zwitterionic five-membered and neutral six-membered rings, respectively. The substituents at position 1, which are adjacent to the polar nitroso group, influenced the barrier primarily through electronic effect. Furthermore, a mechanistic shift from the 1,5 to 1,6 pathway, for certain substrates, is explained by the electronic repulsion. In contrast to position 1, the substituents on position 4 stereoelectronically interacted with a bulkier alkene moiety. Furthermore, unlike position 1, the position-4-substituted substrates are predicted to give only 1,5 products. A compariso...
The exploitation and utilization of the Amorphophallus resources

This paper briefly introduces the ingredients, medicinal value and other uses of Amorphophallus, and shows the prospect of its exploitaltion. Gwcomannan, the main ingredient of Amorphophallus, has special characteristics, which can be used to produce a serious of health food. Amorphophallus can be used in many other fields. It can also be easily planted and processed. The ever-increasing demand of the market shows the Amorphopallus is an important botanical resource with great exploitation in mountain areas.
Verified peephole optimizations for CompCert

Transformations over assembly code are common in many compilers. These transformations are also some of the most bug-dense compiler components. Such bugs could be elim- inated by formally verifying the compiler, but state-of-the- art formally verified compilers like CompCert do not sup- port assembly-level program transformations. This paper presents Peek, a framework for expressing, verifying, and running meaning-preserving assembly-level program trans- formations in CompCert. Peek contributes four new com- ponents: a lower level semantics for CompCert x86 syntax, a liveness analysis, a library for expressing and verifying peephole optimizations, and a verified peephole optimiza- tion pass built into CompCert. Each of these is accompanied by a correctness proof in Coq against realistic assumptions about the calling convention and the system memory alloca- tor. Verifying peephole optimizations in Peek requires prov- ing only a set of local properties, which we have proved are sufficient to ensure global transformation correctness. We have proven these local properties for 28 peephole transfor- mations from the literature. We discuss the development of our new assembly semantics, liveness analysis, representa- tion of program transformations, and execution engine; de- scribe the verification challenges of each component; and detail techniques we applied to mitigate the proof burden.
Dust and plasma properties measured using two confined particles

We consider two isolated, interacting dust particles confined in plasma. Measurements of normal mode frequencies are used to determine the dust charge, the Debye shielding length and the anisotropy of the confining potential well. For dust particles confined near the sheath edge, the vertical electric field and an effective electron temperature are also determined. This method is used to characterize the sheath above a short rectangular trench in the powered electrode of a radio-frequency discharge.
Algorithms for removing surface water signals from surface nuclear magnetic resonance infiltration surveys

ABSTRACTSurface nuclear magnetic resonance (surface NMR) is a geophysical method that directly detects water and can be used to determine the depth profile of water content within the subsurface. Although surface NMR has proven useful for investigating groundwater in the saturated zone, its use to study the vadose zone is still in development. A recent study for the South Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project (SAVSARP) demonstrated that surface NMR can be used to monitor infiltrating water associated with aquifer storage and recovery, a water resource management method in which surface water is stored in local aquifers during wet periods for use during dry periods. However, one of the major issues associated with using surface NMR to monitor infiltrating water is the influence of large bodies of surface water. We have examined the effect that large bodies of surface water have on the surface NMR signal, and we have developed three algorithms (the a priori, late-signal, and long-signal-inversion [LSI] a...
A True Middle School Physical Education Program.

The purpose of this article is to describe the various ways in which the developmental needs of middle school students can be met in a physical education program. The themes of exploration and individualization appear throughout the article to emphasize the importance of providing a variety of sports, games and physical activity options for middle school students. The article highlights the importance of accommodating to a range of student skill levels by using hybrid games or providing students with participation choices relative to the levels of difficulty of the activities. Intramural activities can supplement the physical education instructional program and provide venues for students to explore activities outside of physical education class. By tapping into community resources, it is possible to offer an extensive array of activities, regardless of students' interests or skill level. The use of special events in a physical education program to promote support from parents and the community is also de...
In Vivo Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic Alters Differentiation-Specific Gene Expression of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in C57BL/6J Mouse Model.

The number of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapeutic modalities has grown in recent years. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) can be isolated and expanded relatively easily as compared with their bone-marrow counterparts, making them a particularly promising source of MSCs. And although the biological mechanisms surrounding ASCs are actively being investigated, little is known about the effects that in vivo environmental exposures might have on their ability to properly differentiate. Therefore, we hypothesized that ASCs isolated from mice exposed to inorganic arsenic (iAs) would have an altered response towards adipogenic, osteogenic, and/or chondrogenic differentiation. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6J male mice were provided drinking water containing 0, 300, or 1000 ppb iAs. ASCs were then isolated and differentiated, which was assessed by immunocytochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our results showed that total urinary arsenic equilibrated within 1 week of exposure to iAs and was maintained throughout the study. ASCs isolated from each exposure group maintained differentiation capabilities for each lineage. The magnitude of differentiation-specific gene expression, however, appeared to be concentration dependent. For osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, differentiation-specific gene expression decreased, whereas adipogenesis showed a biphasic response with an initial decrease followed by an increase in adipogenic-related gene expression following iAs exposure. These results suggest that the level in which differentiation-specific genes are induced within these stromal cells might be sensitive to environmental contaminants. These findings highlight the need to take into account potential environmental exposures prior to selecting stromal cell donors, so ASCs can achieve optimal efficiency in regenerative therapy applications.
Abstract 531: Regulation of Plasma 20-HETE and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase by Salt Balance in Normotensive Subjects

The tissue sources of circulating and urinary 20-HETE and EETs are not well known. We have previously shown urine 20-HETE abnormalities in salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension. We studied plasma 20-HETE and EETs in normotensive volunteers classified as SS or salt resistant (SR) with an acute protocol of salt loading (HS, 460 mmol diet and iv) and depletion (LS, 10 mmol and furosemide). Plasma 20-HETE and total (EET+DHET) or active EET did not differ between SR and SS during baseline (B, UNaV 146±17 mmol/24hr), HS (422±20) or LS (24±6). In normal SR subjects, HS did not affect the levels of either eicosanoid but reduced degradation of EETs into DHETs by decreasing the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH or DHET/[EET+DHET]). No major clinical or biochemical correlates for plasma 20-HETE were identified in B, HS or LS. In SR but not SS, EET+DHET (r=0.57, p
Knowledge sharing and technological innovation: The effectiveness of trust, training, and good communication

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to research factors associated with knowledge sharing that managers can leverage to ensure a strong innovation management process and successfully deliver technological innovations to the intended customer. The research question this study pursues is: What factors associated with knowledge sharing lead to successful technological innovation management? The findings of this study yielded three factors paramount to knowledge sharing in technological innovation groups: (a) trust, (b) training on technology, and (c) good communication. The data show that managers should focus on implementing practices emphasizing these factors in their teams and/or organizations. Future research should focus on further evaluation of factors that positively affect knowledge sharing in technological innovation units.
Abstract 12164: Inhibition of NOTCH3 Cleavage Effectively Reverses Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat and Mouse Models of Disease

Background: NOTCH3 signaling is required for the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. NOTCH3 signaling has been implicated in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as r...
The Impact of Spino-Pelvic Alignment on Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes: A Critical Analysis of Current Evidence.

Abstract Background In this review, we (1) evaluated the effect of adult spine deformity (ASD) and its surgical correction on patients who had a total hip arthroplasty (THA); (2) evaluated the outcomes of THA in patients who have had previous spinal fusion; and (3) we presented an algorithm on how to surgically address patients who simultaneously require THA and ASD correction. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Our final analysis included 14 studies. Overall, there were 3 studies that reported on the impact of ASD on THA outcomes, 6 studies reported on the effect of ASD correction on THA outcomes, and 5 studies reported on the effect of spinal fusion on THA outcomes. Results Patients with concurrent ASD and THA are at increased risk of THA dislocations and revisions with studies reporting a compiled 2.9% dislocation rate in 1167 patients. Patients who underwent ASD correction demonstrated a post-operative reduction of acetabular anteversion (mean reduction range 4.96°-11.2°, P Conclusion Spine balance can alter THA outcomes, but the exact mechanism is yet to be elucidated. We aimed at bridging the gap between hip and spine surgeons with an up-to-date analysis of the best available evidence and presented an algorithm for approaching patients who may simultaneously need ASD correction and THA.
Determining the optimal clinical cutoff on the CES-D for depression in a community corrections sample.

Abstract Background Screening instruments are urgently needed to rapidly and efficiently identify those in need of mental health treatment, particularly among underserved populations. Although designed initially for use in research, the CES-D has become a widely used clinical screening tool for the presence of major depression. Despite four decades and three major revisions to the DSM since the CES-D was first introduced, the cutoff score of 16 remains the marker by which individuals are assessed. The present study aims to examine an optimal cutoff score in a low-income, high-risk sample of ethnically diverse adults involved in some phase of the criminal justice system. The utility of the CES-D to detect depression in this population is unknown as these individuals are unlikely to be included in community studies of mental health. Methods A diverse sample of participants under criminal justice supervision (n = 500, ages 19–72) completed the CES-D at up to six time points and the MINI-D at two time-points over a year. Results Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, a cut point of 21 on the CES-D was determined to produce the best overall screening characteristics (sens = 0.82, spec = 0.76) using an efficiency calculation when compared with the gold standard MINI-D, though these results varied by race and gender. The optimal cutoff for women in this sample was determined to be 23 as opposed to 15 for men, and 20 for nonwhites versus 23 for whites. Limitations This study is limited in its generalizability to low-income individuals without criminal justice involvement or those without substance use. Conclusion Results suggest that the CES-D is a useful screening measure for depressive symptoms among high-risk individuals under criminal justice supervision. However, the current cutoff score of 16 is inadequate for optimizing true positives and false negatives. Possible gender and racial/ethnic bias may limit the utility of this instrument in this population. The current study contributes to the understanding of mental health needs in underserved populations.
Grammatical Word Production Across Metrical Contexts in School-Aged Children's and Adults' Speech.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test whether age-related differences in grammatical word production are due to differences in how children and adults chunk speech for output or to immature ...
Mobilization of the Anterior/Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery on the Cerebellar Surface in Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm: Potential Effect on Hearing Preservation.

BACKGROUND The infrafloccular approach in microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) reduces the risk of postoperative hearing impairment. However, location of the anterior/posterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA/PICA) on the cerebellar surface in the surgical route requires mobilization to maintain the approach direction for the protection of hearing function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of mobilization of the AICA/PICA on the cerebellar surface in the surgical route. METHODS Retrospective review of 101 patients dividing their cases into 2 groups, the mobilized group and nonmobilized group. Surgical results, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), age, and duration of microsurgery were compared. In the mobilized group, whether the artery was responsible for the HFS or not, and whether the artery branched perforators to the cerebellar surface or choroid plexus or not, were analyzed. RESULTS No permanent hearing impairment occurred in any patient. The AICA/PICA was mobilized in 26 patients. No significant difference was found in surgical results, BAEP findings, and duration of microsurgery between the 2 groups, but age was younger in the mobilized group (P < .01). The mobilized artery was responsible in 14 cases and branched perforators in 7 cases in the mobilized group. The perforators did not obstruct mobilization. CONCLUSION Mobilization of the AICA/PICA from the cerebellar surface is a useful technique to maintain the infrafloccular approach in MVD for HFS. This technique reduces the risk of postoperative hearing impairment.
A Single-Step Self-Assembly Approach for the Fabrication of Aligned and Multilayered Three-Dimensional Tissue Constructs Using Multidomain Peptide Hydrogel:

Hydrogels are homogenous materials that are limited in their ability to form oriented multilayered architecture in three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. Current techniques have led to advanceme...