cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Science for Social Good and Public Policy: Examples, Opportunities, and Challenges

Can data science help reduce police violence and misconduct? Can it help increase retention of patients in care? Can it help prevent children from getting lead poisoning? Can it help cities better target limited resources to improve lives of citizens? We're all aware of the hype around data science and related buzzwords right now but turning this hype into social impact takes cross-disciplinary training, teams, and methods. In this talk, I'll discuss lessons learned from our work at University of Chicago while working on dozens of data science projects over the past few years with non-profits and governments on high-impact public policy and social challenges in criminal justice, public health, education, economic development, public safety, workforce training, and urban infrastructure. I'll highlight opportunities for IR researchers to get involved in these efforts as well as information retrieval challenges that are open research problems that need to be solved in order to increase the effectiveness of today's machine learning and data science algorithms in order to have social and policy impact in a fair and equitable manner.
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, PROCESSES AND ASSOCIATED ROOT-SOIL INTERACTIONS

The soil is the most upper part of the vadose zone, subject to fluctuations in water and chemical content by infiltration and leaching, water uptake by plant roots, and evaporation from the soil surface. It is the most dynamic, as changes occur at increasingly smaller time and spatial scales when moving from the groundwater toward the soil surface. Scientists are becoming increasingly aware that soils make up a critically important component of the earth’s biosphere, not only because of their food production function but also as the safe-keeper of local, regional, and global environmental quality. We first review soil physical properties and transport processes in soils. We then describe plant water and nutrient uptake modeling concepts in stressed soil environmental conditions and conclude with a comprehensive modeling framework for the simulation of water and nutrient transport in soils.
A Sleep Apnea Therapy Device Uses No Added Pressure

Sleep Apnea is a common sleeping disorder that affects over 25 million Americans. Due to the complex nature of sleep apnea, and the human body, neither an effective nor comfortable treatment option for sleep apnea has been developed. Accordingly, we describe a novel alternative to current sleep apnea therapies, including CPAP therapy. A comfortable device for treating sleep apnea incorporates a mask, a flexible hose and a chamber for collecting expired air containing CO 2 . A sensor detects apnea and a control system automatically adjusts the amount of rebreathed CO 2 minimize apnea and also minimize arousal.
Transient heat stress during tuber development alters post-harvest carbohydrate composition and decreases processing quality of chipping potatoes.

Background Adverse air and soil temperatures are abiotic stresses that occur frequently and vary widely in duration and magnitude. Heat stress limits productivity of cool-weather crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and may degrade crop quality. Stem-end chip defect is a localized discoloration of potato chips that adversely affects finished chip quality. The causes of stem-end chip defects are poorly understood. Results Chipping potatoes were grown under controlled environmental conditions to test the hypothesis that stem-end chip defect is caused by transient heat stress during the growing season. Heat stress periods with 35 °C days and 29 °C nights were imposed approximately 3 months after planting and lasted for 3, 7 or 14 days. At harvest and after 1, 2 and 3 months of storage at 13 °C, potato tubers were evaluated for glucose, fructose, sucrose and dry matter contents at the basal and apical ends. Chips were fried and rated for defects at the same sampling times. Differences in responses to heat stress were observed among four varieties of chipping potatoes. Heat stress periods of 7 and 14 days increased reducing sugar content in the tuber basal and apical ends, decreased dry matter content, and increased the severity of stem-end chip defects. Conclusion Transient heat stress during the growing season decreased post-harvest chipping potato quality. Tuber reducing sugars and stem-end chip defects increased while dry matter content decreased. Planting varieties with tolerance to transient heat stress may be an effective way to mitigate these detrimental effects on chipping potato quality. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Skeletal muscle fiber type-selective effects of acute exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant, high-fat-fed rats.

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) by skeletal muscle is enhanced several hours after acute exercise in rats with normal or reduced insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle is composed of multiple ...
Too Much Transparency? How Critics of Openness Misunderstand Administrative Development

It has recently been argued that habitual calls for more transparency are actually compounding problems of dysfunctionality within American federal government. These complaints are misguided for two reasons. They depend upon a misconception about the purposes served by transparency in government, and about the role of transparency reforms within the larger pattern of administrative development. The main trend has been the expansion of executive and bureaucratic power, which has generated demands for transparency in reaction. Critics of transparency dwell on the reaction and neglect the transformations that have triggered concerns about the exercise of federal power.
Evasion of Industrial Engineering students of FT/UFAM

The undergraduate degree in Industrial Engineering at the Faculty of Technology (FT) of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) completed 15 years in the first semester of 2019. During this period, enrolled 837 students, of which 238 (28%) have already graduated, 335 (40 %) continue to study and 263 (32%) have left the course. Given this percentage of dropout and the need to research more about the topic, this article aims to investigate the main causes of abandonment in this course in order to propose strategies to minimize the problem. The method used was the Survey, which applied a five-part electronic questionnaire sent to 203 dropout students who had e-mail. After analyzing the answers of 39 (19.21%), it was concluded that most students did not receive vocational orientation before joining the University and the main reasons that influenced the students to quit the course were the didactic-pedagogical deficiency of the teachers, the difficulty in conciliating study and work, and the course did not satisfy their expectations.
Maternal alum-adjuvanted recombinant HIV Env vaccine does not enhance autologous virus neutralization in HIV-infected pregnant women

Preventive strategies beyond ART will be required to end the pediatric HIV epidemic. A maternal vaccine capable of boosting neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against circulating viruses in HIV-infected pregnant women could effectively decrease mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, it is not known if an HIV envelope (Env) vaccine administered to infected pregnant women can enhance autologous virus neutralization. Here, we assessed autologous virus nAb responses in maternal plasma samples obtained from AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group (AVEG) Protocols 104 and 102, historical Phase I safety and immunogenicity trials of recombinant HIV Env subunit vaccines in HIV-infected pregnant women (NCT00001041). AVEG 104 participants were randomized to receive 300 {micro}g Env subunit MN recombinant gp120 with alum adjuvant or alum alone. AVEG 102 participants were randomized to receive 640 {micro}g Env subunit recombinant gp160 or placebo. HIV Env-specific maternal plasma binding and neutralizing responses were characterized before and after vaccination in 15 AVEG 104 (n=10 vaccinee, n=5 placebo) and 2 AVEG 102 (n=1 vaccinee, n=1 placebo) participants. Single genome amplification (SGA) was used to obtain HIV env gene sequences from autologous viruses for pseudovirus production in pre- and post-vaccination plasma of HIV-infected pregnant vaccinees (n=6 gp120, n=1 gp160) and placebo recipients (n=3). We detected an increase in MN gp120-specific IgG binding in the vaccinee group between the first immunization visit and the last visit at delivery (p=0.027, 2-sided Wilcoxon test). However, no difference was observed in the neutralization potency of maternal plasma collected at delivery against autologous viruses isolated from early or late pregnancy. Thus, maternal vaccination with gp120/160 did not boost maternal autologous virus nAb responses. Immunization strategies capable of more potent B cell stimulation will likely be required to effectively boost autologous virus nAb responses in pregnant women and synergize with ART to further reduce infant HIV infections. HighlightsO_LIPrior maternal HIV Env vaccine trial did not assess autologous virus neutralization C_LIO_LICirculating viruses isolated from mothers were tested against autologous plasma C_LIO_LIMaternal vaccination with HIV Env gp120/160 increased MN gp120-specific IgG binding C_LIO_LIMaternal HIV Env vaccine regimen did not boost autologous virus neutralization C_LIO_LIMore potent B cell stimulation will be required to elicit autologous nAb responses C_LI
Obstruction and Interference in Low-Energy Models for Twisted Bilayer Graphene

The electronic bands of twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) with a large-period moire superlattice fracture to form narrow Bloch minibands that are spectrally isolated by forbidden energy gaps from remote dispersive bands. When these gaps are sufficiently large, one can study a band-projected Hamiltonian that correctly represents the dynamics within the minibands. This inevitably introduces nontrivial geometrical constraints that arise from the assumed form of the projection. Here we show that this choice has a profound consequence in a low-energy experimentally observable signature that therefore can be used to tightly constrain the analytic form of the appropriate low-energy theory. We find that this can be accomplished by a careful analysis of the electron density produced by backscattering of Bloch waves from an impurity potential localized on the moire superlattice scale. We provide numerical estimates of the effect that can guide experimental work to clearly discriminate between competing models for the low-energy band structure.
Railing-like osteotomy with manual adjustment for correcting knock-knee or Bowlegs in Children REN

Objective To introduce a new and effective operation for correcting knock-knee or bowlegs in children.Methods Following local incision and periosteum peeling of the affected bone segment at the center of rotation of angulation(CORA),the bone was longitudinally and entirely cut into parallel series with the length of 2.5 to 3.0 cm and intermission of 2 mm by stryker saw.The distal end of each cut was at least 1 cm proximal to the epiphyseal plate.The lateral and medial aspects of the bone segment were obliquely cut inward to the base of the railing,with 2 or 3 residual central bone slices intact at the distal endings subsequently.The deformity was then preliminarily corrected by manual adiustment and maintained in position by plaster fixation.Two weeks after the operation,the residual deformity would be secondarily corrected thoroughly by plaster cast with cushion until knitting under the basal anaesthesia of ketomine.Results All patients recovered uneventfully with normal shape and gait during follow-up,without any early or late complications.Conclusions Railing-like osteotomy with manual adjustment is effective and safe for correcting knock-knee or bowlegs in children. Key words: Osteotomy; Knee injuries
Parallel Database Systems

The sections in this article are 1 Classifying Database Systems 2 Conventional Database Systems 3 Distributed Database Systems 4 Parallel Database Systems 5 Hardware Database Machines 6 Software Database Machines 7 Other Software Database Systems and Concepts 8 Summary and Conclusions
Effects of Phase Purity and Pore Reinforcement on Mechanical Behavior of NU-1000 and Silica-Infiltrated NU-1000 Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have shown promise in many applications, ranging from gas storage to absorption and catalysis. Because of the high porosity and low density of many MOFs, densification methods such as pelletization and extrusion are needed for practical use and for commercialization of MOF materials. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanical properties of MOFs and to develop methods of further enhancing their mechanical strength. Here, we demonstrate the influence of phase purity and the presence of a pore-reinforcing component on elastic modulus and yield stress of NU-1000 MOFs through nanoindentation methods and finite element simulation. Three types of NU-1000 single crystals were compared: phase-pure NU-1000 prepared with biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid as a modulator (NU-1000-bip), NU-1000 prepared with benzoic acid as a modulator (NU-1000-ben), which results in an additional, denser impurity phase of NU-901, and NU-1000-bip whose mesopores were infiltrated with silica (SiOx(OH)y@NU-1000) by nanocasting methods. By maintaining phase purity and minimizing defects, the elastic modulus could be enhanced by nearly an order of magnitude: phase-pure NU-1000-bip crystals exhibited an elastic modulus of 21 GPa, whereas the value for NU-1000-ben crystals was only 3 GPa. The introduction of silica into the mesopores of NU-1000-bip did not strongly affect the measured elastic modulus (19 GPa) but significantly increased the load at failure from 2000 μN to 3000-4000 μN.
Regulation of inflammatory and catabolic responses to IL-1β in rat articular chondrocytes by microRNAs miR-122 and miR-451.

Summary Objective miR-122 stimulates proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes whereas miR-451 stimulates terminal differentiation and matrix turnover. Here, we examined the potential of these microRNA as regulators of articular chondrocytes using an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Methods miR-122 and miR-451 presence in rat articular cartilage was assessed using the anterior cruciate ligament transection model of OA. In vitro testing used first passage rat articular chondrocytes (rArCs) that were transfected with lipofectamine (Lipo) and miR-122 or miR-451 for 24-h, then treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β in order to mimic an osteoarthritic environment. Conditioned media were collected and MMP13, PGE2 and OA-related cytokines were measured. Matrix vesicles were collected from cell layer lysates using ultra-centrifugation. Cells were treated with miR-122 or miR-451 inhibitors to verify miR-specific effects. Results Both miR-122 and miR-451 were increased in the OA articular cartilage compared to healthy tissue; rArCs expressed both microRNAs in MVs. miR-122 prevented IL-1β-dependent increases in MMP-13 and PGE2, whereas miR-451 significantly increased the IL-1β effect. Multiplex data indicated that miR-122 reduced the stimulatory effect of IL-1β on IL-1α, IL-2, Il-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, MIP-1A, RANTES and VEGF. In contrast, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, GM-CSF, and MIP-1A were increased by miR-451 while VEGF was decreased. Inhibiting miR-122 exacerbated the response to IL-1β indicating endogenous levels of miR-122 were present. There were no differences in MMP-13 or PGE2 with miR-451 Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) inhibitor treatment. Conclusions Both miRs were elevated in OA in a rat bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model. miR-122 prevented, while miR-451 exacerbated the effects of IL-1β on rArCs.
PerSpectron: Detecting Invariant Footprints of Microarchitectural Attacks with Perceptron

Detecting microarchitectural attacks is critical given their proliferation in recent years. Many of these attacks exhibit intrinsic behaviors essential to the nature of their operation, such as creating contention or misspeculation. This study systematically investigates the microarchitectural footprints of hardware-based attacks and shows how they can be detected and classified using an efficient hardware predictor. We present a methodology to use correlated microarchitectural statistics to design a hardware-based neural predictor capable of detecting and classifying microarchitectural attacks before data is leaked. Once a potential attack is detected, it can be proactively mitigated by triggering appropriate countermeasures.Our hardware-based detector, PerSpectron, uses perceptron learning to identify and classify attacks. Perceptron-based prediction has been successfully used in branch prediction and other hardware-based applications. PerSpectron has minimal performance overhead. The statistics being monitored have similar overhead to already existing performance monitoring counters. Additionally, PerSpectron operates outside the processor’s critical paths, offering security without added computation delay. Our system achieves a usable detection rate for detecting attacks such as SpectreV1, SpectreV2, SpectreRSB, Meltdown, breakingKSLR, Flush+Flush, Flush+Reload, Prime+Probe as well as cache-attack calibration programs. We also believe that the large number of diverse microarchitectural features offers both evasion resilience and interpretability—features not present in previous hardware security detectors. We detect these attacks early enough to avoid any data leakage, unlike previous work that triggers countermeasures only after data has been exposed.
Anna Semper (1826–1909) and the female scientist in modern Germany

This article uses the work of Anna Semper (1826–1909) to explore the possibilities for understanding women’s contributions to the development of science in Germany from the second half of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century. By examining the publications of her husband, the naturalist Carl Semper (1832–1893), as well as those of other scholars, traces of the ways that she produced scientific knowledge begin to emerge. Because the Sempers’ work took place in the context of the Philippines and Palau, two different Spanish colonies, and formed the basis of Carl’s professional career, this article also analyzes Anna’s role in the creation of an explicitly colonial science.
Prediction intervals for GLMs, GAMs, and some survival regression models

Consider a regression model, Y | x ∼ D ( x ) , where D is a parametric distribution that depends on the p × 1 vector of predictors x . Generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and so...
Temperature and salinity extremes from 2014-2019 in the California Current System and its source waters

The California Current System in the eastern North Pacific Ocean has experienced record high temperatures since the marine heatwave of 2014-2016. Here we show, through a compilation of data from shipboard hydrography, ocean gliders, and the Argo floats, that a high-salinity anomaly affected the California Current System from 2017-2019 in addition to the anomalously high temperatures. The salinity anomaly formed in 2015 in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and was subsequently advected into the California Current System, in a generation mechanism different from the events leading to the marine heatwaves of 2013/2014 and 2019 in the North Pacific. The salinity anomaly was unique in at least 16 years with an annual mean deviation from the long-term average greater than 0.2 and anomalies greater than 0.7 observed offshore. Our results imply that different source waters were found in the California Current from 2017-2019, with the near-surface California Current salinity rivaling that of the California Undercurrent. A substantial positive salinity anomaly affected the California Current System in the eastern North Pacific Ocean from 2017-2019 and may indicate a change in source waters, according to a compilation of shipboard, ocean glider and Argo float data.
Randomized controlled trial of twelve-step volunteer linkage for women with alcohol use disorder leaving jail.

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder predicts poor health outcomes among women returning to the community from jail. Twelve-step self-help groups are free and accessible to women leaving jail, but reaching out to strangers can pose a barrier. Pilot work suggested that a volunteer-led “warm handoff” may increase post-release twelve-step self-help group attendance. Methods This randomized trial evaluated the effectiveness of a warm handoff intervention on post-release twelve-step attendance and alcohol use. Participants (189 women with alcohol use disorder) were recruited in jail and followed for 6 months after release. Participants were randomized to: (1) a warm handoff, in which a female twelve-step volunteer met with each woman individually in jail and the same volunteer attended the woman’s first twelve-step meeting with her after release; or (2) enhanced standard care (a list of meetings and community resources). Outcomes included days abstinent from alcohol, drinks per drinking day, alcohol-related problems, twelve-step attendance, twelve-step affiliation, network support for abstinence, number of unprotected sexual occasions, and drug using days. Results Among intervention participants, only 66 % were aware that the volunteer tried to contact them after jail, only 38 % reported post-jail contact with their volunteers (typically phone), and only four went to meetings with their volunteers post-release. Of 8 post-release outcomes, intervention effects differed on only one (alcohol-related problems). Conclusion Although twelve-step self-help group attendance predicted alcohol abstinence, the volunteer-led warm handoff intervention did not increase twelve-step attendance. The twelve-step tradition of Attraction may inhibit the active outreach required to connect women to services after jail release.
1990s: EP and Pacing

In the last decade of the twentieth century, HRS experienced many technical advances that simplified the diagnostics of the specialty, including computerized electrogram waveform acquisition, retrieval, and archiving (transitioning from paper recording systems), multielectrode surgical mapping (from single point probe mapping), and intracardiac device electrogram storage. The pacemaker and the ICD were integrated into one device. Due to biphasic waveform development, the ICD was miniaturized, and with the laser sheath, device lead extraction was enhanced and simplified.
Should We Talk about the Pain? Personalizing Sociology in the Medical Sociology Classroom.

This article discusses the potential of personalizing sociology curriculum, specifically in Medical Sociology courses, to increase student engagement and sociological awareness. Based on our experiences offering separate Medical Sociology courses at a large public research university and a small private teaching university, respectively, we outline emotional techniques we have each employed—separately and together—in our classes to facilitate student engagement, critical awareness, and medical coming out processes in our classrooms. In so doing, we have both built highly successful and popular Medical Sociology courses where students learn about and engage with the interpersonal and emotional effects of health care systems, structures, and patterned disparities. Throughout this article, we use our experiences as a case for facilitating debate concerning the incorporation of personal and emotional biography into sociological teaching and provide questions that may facilitate such conversation. In closing, ...
Keratophakia: Clinical Evaluation

The keratophakia and keratomileusis procedures of Barraquer for the correction of aphakia have not gained acceptance in the United States because of thier inherent complexity and degree of difficulty. To determine the practicality, feasibility, and visual rehabilitation potential of these procedures, 13 secondary keratophakia operations were performed at a 500-bed community hospital between March 1980 and April 1981. The first ten cases are reported to allow 6- to 12-month follow-up. All patients in the series were resistant to contact lenses or were poor candidates for secondary intraocular lens implantation. The anatomic results were excellent. Complications were minimal consisting of surface drying problems in three patients related to the sudden steepening of the cornea or pseudo keratoconus effect. Seven patients achieved 20/30 to 20/40 vision with minimal spectacle correction. The keratophakia procedure of Barraquer shows promise and can be duplicated by experienced corneal surgeons, but is not yet a viable alternative to the use of primary intraocular lenses and continuous wear lenses for the general ophthalmologist.
Indirect Excitation Processes in Aurora

Indirect excitation processes for auroral emissions are briefly reviewed. New ground based measurements of height effects for the 1, 1 O2 Atmospheric band in auroral arcs are presented. These measurements are shown to be in quantitative agreement with the hypothesis of Wallace and Chamberlain (1959) that the v′ = 1 level of O2 (b1Σ) is excited primarily by energy transfer from O(1D) and deactivated vibrationally in collisions with O2.
Of Flies and Mice

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the commonest neurodegenerative diseases of old age but its causes remain unclear. It is known that a cardinal feature of the disease is loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain with concomitant loss of motor control. Several genes that are mutated in the rare inherited form of the disease have been discovered. Now, as [Dawson][1] outlines, two recent papers report the first animal models of PD in flies and mice, fueling optimism that there will be rapid further progress in working out the pathogenesis of this disease and in designing more effective treatments. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5466/631
Biosynthesis of Bacterial Glycogen VI. DIFFERENCES IN THE KINETIC PROPERTIES OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI B ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE DEPENDING ON WHETHER Mg++ OR Mn++ SERVES AS DIVALENT CATION

A number of differences in the kinetic properties of the Escherichia coli B ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase have been found depending on whether Mg++ or Mn++ served to fulfill the divalent cation requirement. With Mg++ as cation, the curve for rate plotted against ATP concentration was sigmoidal, and the concentration of ATP necessary for half-maximal activity was not related to the Mg++ concentration. If Mn++ served as metal, however, an anomalous curve for rate plotted against ATP concentration was obtained, and maximal activity was always reached at a 1:1 ratio between ATP concentration and Mn++ concentration. In the presence of Mg++, the curves of rate as a function of concentration of the activator, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, were sigmoidal. With Mn++ as metal ion, the curve for rate plotted against activator concentration was hyperbolic (in the presence of AMP inhibitor, however, this changed to a sigmoid shape). Regardless of whether Mg++ or Mn++ served as cation, an interaction between the activator, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and the inhibitors AMP, Pi, and ADP, was found such that the sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibition (as measured by concentration of inhibitor required to produce 50% inhibition of the rate) was modulated by the activator concentration. With Mg++ as metal, the n values of the Hill plots for the inhibitors progressively decreased with decreasing fructose 1,6-diphosphate concentration, indicating a lessening degree of cooperative interaction between sites binding inhibitor; furthermore, the enzyme was relatively insensitive to these inhibitors in the absence of activator. When Mn++ served to fulfill the metal requirement, the n values of the Hill plot (or interaction coefficients) for the inhibitors appeared to remain constant with decreasing fructose 1,6-diphosphate concentration; also, the rate was quite sensitive to these inhibitors in the absence of activator. These results are discussed in light of the enzyme's function in control of glycogen biosynthesis.
Museums Taking Steps Forward: Pedagogical Apparatus Requiring Strategic Preparation for Controversial Art.

Since the twentieth century, museums have faced stages of reinvention as pedagogical venues. Because beliefs among groups in terms of race, sexuality, and religiosity are contentious with political interests towards power for dominance, the complex museum world, representing various cultural ideologies, has become an important implication for public education. In this paper, I examine how museums handle different perspectives and controversial issues by resisting safe and “making-nice” exhibitions that only appeal to the “mainstream” audience. It is critical for museum leaders to analyze controversial art exhibitions and create strategies for approaching them while protecting the reputation of the museum. While examining some of the challenges museums have faced in hosting controversial exhibitions, this paper puts forth three reconceptualized roles of reinvented museums in association with the notion of pedagogical controversy: museums breaking down manipulative “museumification,” museum’s progressive po...
Continuous extraovular administration of prostaglandin F2α for midtrimester abortion

Abstract Midtrimester abortion was successfully induced in 74 of 76 patients by a continuous extraovular administration of prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) via a constant-infusion pump. Two patients in the thirteenth and fourteenth weeks of gestation failed to abort despite good uterine activity. The mean abortion time for the successful inductions was 16.21 hours. Parous patients aborted somewhat faster than nulliparous patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. All patients were monitored throughout the abortion procedure, and uterine activity was calculated and analyzed. Uterine activity developed within 15 minutes of PGF 2α instillation and showed the characteristic uterine response to prostaglandin with a sharp rise in intrauterine tonus. The gastrointestinal side effects in this series were much less than those reported for intra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin, and there was good patient tolerance of the procedure. The main complication of extraovular administration of PGF 2α for midtrimester abortion was endometritis, which occurred in 7 patients. The patients who developed endometritis had, as a group, longer abortion times (mean 28 hours). Three patients with severe pre-eclampsia and intrauterine death in the third trimester also had successfully induced labor with extraovular administration of PGF 2α . The method of PGF 2α administration in this series was found to have a high success rate, good patient tolerance, and fewer side effects than when abortion was induced by intra-amniotic instillation of PGF 2α .
Percent Charging of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid and Levels of ppGpp and pppGpp in Dormant and Germinated Spores of Bacillus megaterium

The levels of transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) specific for 14 amino acids were almost identical in dormant spores and in spores germinated from 6 to 75 min. Germinated spore tRNAs specific for all amino acids tested were between 63 and 93% charged, and there was no significant change in this value from 6 to 75 min of germination. In contrast, tRNAs isolated from dormant spores specific for nine different amino acids were almost completely(>93%) uncharged. However, some dormant spore tRNAs, i.e., those for arginine, histidine, isoleucine, and valine, showed significant (21 to 72%) levels of aminoacylation. Dormant spores contained no detectable guanosine penta- (pppGpp), tetra- (ppGpp), or triphosphate (GTP). However, these nucleotides appeared in the first minutes of germination, and thereafter all increased in parallel with a ratio of pppGpp plus ppGpp to GTP of 0.07 to 0.11, which is characteristic of unstarved vegetative cells.
Mapping high-dimension wavefront computations to silicon

The authors present a new template-matching algorithm with good recognition performance. However, this new algorithm exhibits a complex, four-dimensional, wavefront architecture. Thus, for VLSI implementation, reduced architectures with fewer connections and processors need to be derived. For this purpose, the authors develop a systematic reduction methodology to manually map wavefront computations from high-dimension to low-dimension. This methodology consists of seven steps. Based on this methodology, the authors derive several two-dimensional architectures which are suitable for VLSI implementation for the new template-matching algorithm and have simulated one of the architectures by using the Intel Hypercube Machine iPSC/2. >
Producing "Confident" Children: Negotiating Childhood in Fijian Kindergartens.

Kindergartens in Fiji contribute to incipient class-based identities in a society traditionally structured by ethnicity. Teachers emphasize making children confident, but define confidence differently with varying student groups, building class-based orientations toward person and society. Parental expectations also differ with many upwardly mobile professional parents preferring schools that promote identification with a transnational middle class, and fluency in English. These schools define confidence as the ability to monitor one's own actions to conform to the demands of a larger corporate structure. Kindergartens serving children from less affluent families, in contrast, often equate confidence with grounding in ethnic cultures and languages. One implication is that preserving ethnic languages and cultures becomes associated with being lower class. [kindergarten, Fiji, social class, globalization]
Do economists have anything to contribute to the debate on urban sprawl? (and would anbody listen to them if they did?)

This essay explores reasons for the relative shortage of work by economists on the subject of urban sprawl. I argue that a correct economic understanding of the sprawl issue is difficult to communicate. Meanwhile, a simplified caricature of economic thinking on sprawl has emerged. It argues that decentralized, low-density development has been chosen by the “free market”, therefore the problem signified by the word sprawl does not exist. This argument, made in the name of economics but not always by economists, has served to polarize the detabe as much as to enlighten it. I propose an alternative understanding of the economics of sprawl that provides common ground for debate among economists, planners, and politicians.
Is transthoracic minimally invasive aortic valve replacement too time-consuming for the busy cardiac surgeon?

Objective:Transthoracic minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (TMI-AVR) is gaining popularity despite criticism that time from incision to the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (exposure time, ET), cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPBT), and cross-clamp time (XCT) is excessive. Database analysi
Management development and the unconscious from an analytical psychology framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and explicate the role of the unconscious, from an analytical psychology framework, in the development of managers.Design/methodology/approach – Developing effective managers is an enormous task requiring views from many different perspectives. The lifeblood of all types of managerial work and activity involves relating, understanding, cooperating, and depending on others at both a conscious and unconscious level. In this paper, management development and the unconscious is viewed from an analytical psychology (Jungian) perspective.Findings – Insights are provided from this framework describing how managers might become more receptive and effective in relational skills necessary for the effective management of the workplace.Originality/value – The paper develops a conceptual framework, which may help managers, through a dialogue with the unconscious, become more receptive to emotion, feeling and subjectivity in workers and themselves. This, in turn, may ma...
Exploring women faculty's experiences and perceptions in higher education: the effects of feminism?

This study analyses women faculty's discourse about feminism, themselves, and their professional experiences as scholars in the North American university context. This case study pushes at the boundaries of what we believe we know about ‘the gender question' in the academy, opening a discursive space for scholars to examine university policies and practices. Poststructuralist emphasis on the complexity and changing nature of power relations offer a framework that makes sense of the ways in which women are simultaneously affected by power relations and engage in power relations. I use feminist poststructuralist discourse analysis to analyse women's talk about their experiences in order to carve a path for moving beyond the deconstruction of discourse in order to unpack how it marginalises and silences women, even within and to themselves.
Feminism Between the Sheets: Sexual Attitudes Among Feminists, Nonfeminists, and Egalitarians:

To better understand the relation of feminist identification to sexuality, we compared the attitudes of feminist, egalitarian, and nonfeminist undergraduate women (N= 342) in five domains: (a) erotophilia (one's positive affective or evaluative responses to sexual stimuli), (b) sexual assertiveness, (c) perceived self-efficacy for safer sex, (d) sexual satisfaction, and (e) support of the sexual double standard. Significant results of ANOVA analyses included: Feminists were more erotophilic than egalitarians and nonfeminists, egalitarians were the most confident in their ability to be assertive with a partner regarding condom use, and egalitarians and nonfeminists were more supportive of a traditional sexual double standard than feminists. Consistent with Zucker (2004), we argue that a distinctive characteristic of egalitarians is that their acceptance of feminist values with regard to their own sexual lives does not translate into a critique of gendered sexual norms for other women.
Discrete-event analytic technique for surface growth problems

We introduce an approach for calculating nonuniversal properties of rough surfaces. The technique uses concepts of distinct surface-configuration classes, defined by the surface growth rule. The key idea is a mapping between discrete events that take place on the interface and its elementary local-site configurations. We construct theoretical probability distributions of deposition events at saturation for surfaces generated by selected growth rules. These distributions are then used to compute measurable physical quantities. Despite the neglect of temporal correlations, our approximate analytical results are in very good agreement with numerical simulations. This discrete-event analytic technique can be particularly useful when applied to quantification problems, which are known not to be suited to continuum methods.
Sex-specific cognitive deficits and regional brain volume loss in mice exposed to chronic, sublethal hypoxia

Male sex is an independent risk factor for long-term neurologic deficits in human preterm infants. Using a chronic, sublethal hypoxia (CSH) mouse model of preterm brain injury, we recently demonstrated acute brain volume loss with an increased male susceptibility to hippocampal volume loss and hypomyelination. We now characterize the long-term, sex-specific effects of CSH on cognition and brain growth. Neonatal mice were treated with CSH for 8 d, raised in normoxia thereafter and underwent behavioral testing at 6 wk of age. Behavioral assays sensitive to hippocampal function were chosen. CSH-treated males had impairments in associative learning, spatial memory, and long-term social memory compared with control males. In contrast, CSH-treated females were less impaired. Persistent reductions in hippocampal and cerebellar volumes were found in adult CSH-treated males, whereas regional brain volumes in adult CSH-treated females were indistinguishable from controls. Similar to human preterm infants, males exposed to hypoxia are especially vulnerable to short-term and long-term deficits in cognition and brain growth.
Comparison of coronary vasodilation with intravenous dipyridamole and adenosine

Abstract Although both intravenous dipyridamole and adenosine have been used to produce coronary valuation during cardiac imaging, the relative potency of the commonly administered doses of these agents has not been evaluated, Accordingly, the coronary and systemic hemodynamic effects of intravenous adenosine (140 μg/kg per min) and intravenous dipyridamole (0,56 mg/kg over 4 min) were compared with a maximally dilating dose of intracoronary papaverine in 15 patiente. Coronary blood flow responses were assessed using a Doppler catheter in a nonstenotic coronary artery. The protocol was discontinued in two patients because of transient asymptomatic atriaventricular (AV) block during adenosine infusion. The mean heart rate increased more with adenosine (11 ± 9 beats/min) and dipyridamole (11 ± 7 beats/min) than with papaverine (4 ± 3 beats/min, p
Assessment in Theatre Education

(1992). Assessment in Theatre Education. Design For Arts in Education: Vol. 93, No. 5, pp. 41-45.
No evidence of facilitation between invasive Rhamnus cathartica (European buckthorn) and invasive earthworms in west central Minnesota

Abstract Biological invaders are seen as a real and growing threat to biodiversity, and there is much interest in the role that positive interactions among invasive species may play in promoting further invasions. Both the invasive tree Rhamnus cathartica (European buckthorn) and invasive Eurasian earthworms are reported to alter forest dynamics across large parts of the northern portion of the eastern deciduous forest of North America. Some evidence suggests that the two invaders may be aided by mutual facilitation, and it has recently been hypothesized that interactions between the two organisms may form the basis of a larger multi-species “invasional meltdown.” We examined covariance among R. cathartica and earthworm distributions over a seven year period at six forested sites near the prairie-forest border in west central Minnesota and found no evidence to support facilitation. In fact, the correlation between R. cathartica and earthworm abundance and biomass was weak: 95% confidence intervals for Kendall's tau correlation coefficients in some cases indicated a negative association among the two organism types, often suggesting no association, and never allowing for a positive association greater than τ = 0.38. Individual earthworm species varied in their correlation with R. cathartica , but most correlations were negative and none were substantially positive. We thus suggest that the relationship between these invaders may be more complicated than previously thought and question whether earthworms and R. cathartica can be seen as the foundation of an invasional meltdown.
Intracardiac Thrombosis and Acute Myocardial Infarction as Initial Presentation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disorder characterized by arterial or venous thrombosis, high plasma levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, recurrent fetal loss (in women) and thrombocytopenia. The authors present a case of a 28-year-old man with no significant medical history who presented with ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and underwent percutaneous intervention to left anterior descending artery. He was also found to have intracardiac thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, elevated activated partial thromboplastin time and persistently elevated anticardiolipin and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies. The authors performed a literature search regarding the frequency of MI and intracardiac thrombosis as the primary presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome and the relationship of antiphospholipid antibodies with MI.
Doublet cells in Tetrahymena as indicators of culture media composition

Stomatogenesis in ciliates is a complex and carefully orchestrated event. The exo− mutant SB255 ofTetrahymena thermophila has defects in mucocyst formation and docking and can also have one or two mouths. Three common culture media (proteose peptone, Medium 357, and yeast extract) were analyzed for total C, N, and inorganic elements and then tested for their effect on the number of mouths present in SB255. Cultures of SB255 grown in Medium 357 consisted of a mixed population of cells with either two mouths (doublet) or one mouth. Cultures from the same original stock grown in Medium 357 (SBm) and in 1% proteose peptone (SBpp) had different percentages of doublet cells in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-d-old cultures. When transferred to and grown in 1% yeast medium, both SBpp and SBm cultures had increased percentages of doublets over a 4-d culture period. When grown in 0.1, 0.5, or 1% yeast medium for 2 d, both SBpp and SBm cultures had more doublets in 1% than in either 0.1 or 0.5% yeast medium. Cultures of SBm grown in Medium 357. or 1% yeast medium for 2 d had a 10-fold increase in doublet cells compared to the inoculum. After 2 d in 1% proteose peptone, SBm cultures had percentages of doublet cells almost equal to that of the inoculum. Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine cellular morphology of the doublet cells. These findings suggest that enriched media promote the growth of doublet cells. Furthermore, these doublets could prove to be a useful model system for the study of biological roles of trace elements.
High-Throughput Flow Cytometry to Detect Selective Inhibitors of ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 Transporters

Abstract: Up-regulation of pump (transporter) expression and selection of resistant cancer cells result in cancer multidrug resistance to diverse substrates of these transporters. While more than 48 members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily have been identified, up to now only three human ABC transporters—ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2—have unambiguously been shown to contribute to cancer multidrug resistance. The use of low-toxicity and high-specificity agents as a targeted transporter inhibition strategy is necessary to effectively overcome multiple drug resistance. An objective of the present studies was to develop and validate HyperCyt® (IntelliCyt™, Albuquerque, NM) flow cytometry high-throughput screeening assays to assess the specificity of test compounds that inhibited transporters as an integral part of the screen. Two separate duplex assays were constructed: one in which ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters were evaluated in parallel using fluorescent J-aggregate-forming lipophilic cati...
A grass-roots experiment to resolve workplace problems

Leaders from the business, labor, academic, religious, and ADR communities in Massachusetts have gotten together to form a “workplace network” to encourage the use of ADR mechanisms in the resolution of workplace disputes and problems. The Massachusetts experiment may serve as a model for other states. Current ADR initiatives of the new Network focus on discrimination cases, health and safety issues, and education and training.