cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for functional conservation, sufficiency, and proteolytic processing of the CLAVATA3 CLE domain

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CLAVATA3 (CLV3) is hypothesized to act as a ligand for the CLV1 receptor kinase in the regulation of stem cell specification at shoot and flower meristems. CLV3 is a secreted protein, with an amino-terminal signal sequence and a conserved C-terminal domain of 15 amino acids, termed the CLE (CLV3/ESR-related) domain, based on its similarity to a largely unstudied protein family broadly present in land plants. We have tested the function of 13 Arabidopsis CLEs in vivo and found a significant variability in the ability of CLEs to replace CLV3, ranging from complete to no complementation. The best rescuing CLE depends on CLV1 for function, while other CLEs act independently of CLV1. Domain-swap experiments indicate that differences in function can be traced to the CLE domain within these proteins. Indeed, when the CLE domain of CLV3 is placed downstream of an unrelated signal sequence, it is capable of fully replacing CLV3 function. Finally, we have detected proteolytic activity in extracts from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) that process both CLV3 and CLE1 at their C termini. For CLV3, processing appears to occur at the absolutely conserved arginine-70 found at the beginning of the CLE domain. We propose that CLV3 and other CLEs are C-terminally processed to generate an active CLE peptide.
Relation between thrombosis on metal electrodes and the position of metal in the electromotive series.

INTEREST in the electrochemical nature of thrombosis1,2 has prompted us to study thrombus deposition on metal electrodes inserted through side branches into the carotid and femoral arteries of mongrel dogs. Magnesium, aluminium, cadmium, nickel, copper, gold and platinum, which cover a wide range in the electromotive series, were chosen for the present investigation.
Getting Tangled in the Web: A Systems Theory Approach to Supervision

The purpose of art therapy supervision in an educational setting has traditionally been seen as an opportunity to help interns adjust to and learn from their placement sites, understand their clients, develop an understanding of themselves in relation to their work, and translate theory into practice (Dye & Borders, 1990; Hawkins & Shoret, 1989; Malchiodi & Riley, 1996). The culmination of supervision is to guide the intern in developing a professional identity and devising successful therapeutic strategies (Malchiodi & Riley, 1996). There are two difficulties with this process: (a) Art therapy interns often come into the field with a narrow notion of where, when, and how art therapy works; and (b) professionals in the field of art therapy are constantly evolving in their answers to these questions. The supervision process must convey the nature of a changing and growing system of art therapy while gradually expanding the intern’s comprehension of the field. To communicate the nature of the field of art therapy most effectively to the student, an understanding of the supervision context needs to be clear. Systems theory is a natural framework for understanding these contexts. In this essay, we present the concept of systems theory and discuss how it relates to the field of art therapy—particularly, the issue of developing a professional identity during internship. We then shift from theory to practice and present one program’s attempt to overcome the challenges faced by interns in this process.
The effect of freeze rate, duration of phase transition, and warming rate on survival of frozen canine kidneys.

Abstract The effect of cooling rate, warming rate, and duration of phase transition upon survival of frozen canine kidneys was investigated. In the present study, 11 kidneys out of 14 rapidly cooled (2–4 °C/min) to −22 °C and thawed (70–110 °C/min) were viable following contralateral nephrectomy. The serum creatinine and BUN levels rose to a maximum of 8.4 and 30 mg%, respectively, on the eighth day post-contralateral nephrectomy. Average survival time was 10 days; however, two of the dogs in this group were allowed to survive, one for 3 months and one for over 2 years. Eight kidneys out of 16 slowly cooled (0.25–1.0 °C/min) and either rapidly or slowly warmed (20–30 °C/min) had function to produce small amounts of urine; however, they did not survive more than 5 days after contralateral nephrectomy. Cooling rates of 0.1 and 10 °C/min were too harmful to the kidney to have renal function after reimplantation. The minimum renal cell damage as assessed by LDH and GOT in the post-freeze perfusate was found in the 2–4 °C/min cooling rate following rapid warming (70 °–110 °C/min). Correlation of the duration of phase transition time to renal cell damage was linear for LDH and GOT (r = 0.93). This result suggests that the duration of phase transition time also is an important factor during the freezing process, affecting postthaw survival of canine kidneys.
Effectiveness of Revascularization in the Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial A Randomized Comparison of Coronary Angioplasty With Bypass Surgery

Background The Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial (EAST) was designed to determine whether percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is as effective as coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in restoring arterial perfusion capacity in eligible patients with multivessel disease. Methods and Results Of 392 patients in EAST, 198 were randomized to PTCA and 194 to CABG. Index lesions (2.7±1.0 per patient) were those with ≥50% stenosis judged treatable by both angioplasty and surgery. Coronary segments jeopardized by these index lesions were designated as index segments (4.4±1.4 per patient). Percent stenosis was measured by quantitative angiography at the point of greatest obstruction in the main perfusion path of each index segment. The EAST primary arteriographic end point was the percent of a patient’s index segments with <50% stenosis in the main perfusion pathways at 1 and 3 years. At baseline, the percent of index segments for which revascularization was attempted was 85% for PTCA a...
Cis-acting RNA elements in human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses.

Abstract The RNA genomes of plus-strand RNA viruses have the ability to form secondary and higher-order structures that contribute to their stability and to their participation in inter- and intramolecular interactions. Those structures that are functionally important are called cis -acting RNA elements because their functions cannot be complemented in trans . They can be involved not only in RNA/RNA interactions but also in binding of viral and cellular proteins during the complex processes of translation, RNA replication and encapsidation. Most viral cis -acting RNA elements are located in the highly structured 5′- and 3′-nontranslated regions of the genomes but sometimes they also extend into the adjacent coding sequences. In addition, some cis -acting RNA elements are embedded within the coding sequences far away from the genomic ends. Although the functional importance of many of these structures has been confirmed by genetic and biochemical analyses, their precise roles are not yet fully understood. In this review we have summarized what is known about cis -acting RNA elements in nine families of human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses with an emphasis on the most thoroughly characterized virus families, the Picornaviridae and Flaviviridae .
Epigenetic regulation of genomic integrity

Inefficient and inaccurate repair of DNA damage is the principal cause of DNA mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and carcinogenesis. Numerous multiple-step DNA repair pathways exist whose deployment depends on the nature of the DNA lesion. Common to all eukaryotic DNA repair pathways is the need to unravel the compacted chromatin structure to facilitate access of the repair machinery to the DNA and restoration of the original chromatin state afterward. Accordingly, our cells utilize a plethora of coordinated mechanisms to locally open up the chromatin structure to reveal the underlying DNA sequence and to orchestrate the efficient and accurate repair of DNA lesions. Here we review changes to the chromatin structure that are intrinsic to the DNA damage response and the available mechanistic insight into how these chromatin changes facilitate distinct stages of the DNA damage repair pathways to maintain genomic stability.
Should Curriculum Planning Start with Subject Matter

Curriculum planning often starts and ends with a specification of the subject matter knowledge students will study. This paper argues that a better way to start is by performing an educational systems design which considers knowledge needs along with the need to clarify values and make effective decisions. One result of this design work is the new teaching-learning approach called Guided Design which has already been applied to a variety of disciplines.
Inference from accelerated life tests using eyring type re‐parameterizations

The scale parameter of an exponential distribution is reparameterized as a function of the stress according to the Arrhenius Re-action Rate Model. The location parameter is reparameterized as a linear function of the stress. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the Arrhenius model and the weighted least squares estimators of the linear model are obtained using data from censored sample accelerated life tests. The asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimators is ascertained by examining the shapes of their maximum relative likelihood functions. The asymptotic normality of the least squares estimators is ascertained by establishing certain criteria for convergence. An unbiased estimator for the mean life of the device at use condition stress .u is obtained. Confidence limits for pu are difficult to obtain, and alternatively a plausibility interval for ,,u is obtained.
Conflict transformation, stigma, and HIV-preventive structural change

Over the prior decade, structural change efforts have become an important component of community-based HIV prevention initiatives. However, these efforts may not succeed when structural change initiatives encounter political resistance or invoke conflicting values, which may be likely when changes are intended to benefit a stigmatized population. The current study sought to examine the impact of target population stigma on the ability of 13 community coalitions to achieve structural change objectives. Results indicated that coalitions working on behalf of highly stigmatized populations had to abandon objectives more often than did coalitions working for less stigmatized populations because of external opposition to coalition objectives and resultant internal conflict over goals. Those coalitions that were most successful in meeting external challenges used opposition and conflict as transformative occasions by targeting conflicts directly and attempting to neutralize oppositional groups or turn them into strategic allies; less successful coalitions working on behalf of stigmatized groups struggled to determine an appropriate response to opposition. The role of conflict transformation as a success strategy for working on behalf of stigmatized groups is discussed.
Use of data registries to evaluate medical procedures : coronary artery surgery study and the balloon valvuloplasty registry

Large registries have been used by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to evaluate a number of medical procedures. Two of these, the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) and the Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry (BVR), are described to illustrate potential problems in using registry data to compare medical procedures.
Microbiological Results from Milk Samples Obtained Premilking and Postmilking for the Diagnosis of Bovine lntramammary Infections

Bacteriological culture results were compared between 336 pairs of quarter milk samples collected premilking and postmilking. Using a positive result on either premilking or postmilking samples as the definitive diagnosis, premilking sampling sensitivity was 91% for Staphylococcus aureus, 91% for coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 97% for Streptococcus other than agalactiae. Postmilking sampling sensitivities were 81, 45, and 58%, respectively, for the same pathogens. Requiring both premilking and postmilking samples for the definitive diagnosis, specificities were 92, 86, and 95% for premilking sampling alone and 96, 98, and 99% for postmilking sampling alone. Such differences in specificity would result in major differences in predictive value of a positive culture for herds with a low prevalence. Multiple isolates were significantly more common from premilking samples.
Spectrometric determination of the refractive index of optical wave guiding materials used in lab-on-a-chip applications.

The design and optimization of light-based analytical devices often require optical characterization of materials involved in their construction. With the aim of benefiting lab-on-a-chip applications, a transmission spectrometric method for determining refractive indices, n, of transparent solids is presented here. Angular dependence of the reflection coefficient between material–air interfaces constitutes the basis of the procedure. Firstly, the method is studied via simulation, using a theoretical algorithm that describes the light propagation through the sample slide, to assess the potentially attainable accuracy. Simulations also serve to specify the angles at which measurements should be taken. Secondly, a visible light source and an optical fiber spectrometer are used to perform measurements on three commonly used materials in optical lab-on-a-chip devices. A nonlinear regression subroutine fits experimental data to the proposed theoretical model and is used to obtain n. Because the attainable precision using this method of refractive index determination is dictated by the uncertainty in the transmission measurements, the precision (with 95% confidence) for mechanically rigid samples, namely glass and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), is higher than those estimated for the elastomer sample (in-house-molded poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)). At wavelengths with the highest signal-to-noise ratio for the spectrometer setup, the estimated refractive indices were 1.43 ± 0.05 (580 nm) for PDMS, 1.54 ± 0.02 (546 nm) for glass, and 1.485 ± 0.005 (656 nm) for PMMA. Accurate refractive index estimations with an average precision equal to 0.01 refractive index units (RIU) were obtained for PMMA and glass samples, and an average precision of 0.09 RIU for the PDMS molded slide between 550 and 750 nm was obtained.
A framework for assessing IT integration decision-making in mergers and acquisitions

Organizations have actively pursued mergers and acquisitions (MA (b) the acquirer?s influence on the acquired firm, enforcing certain system choices on the acquired people; and (c) the goal to achieve business-IT strategic alignment. Influenced by Wall Street?s expectations and the acquirer?s persuasions, the new merged IT function may not be able to identify the best new arrangement of information systems infrastructure, people and processes, as prescribed by the strategic alignment lens, at least in the early phases of the merger process. We conclude the paper by illustrating some typical IT integration decisions that may be interpreted using these three lenses, and resulting practical implications. Through this paper, we hope to bring the M&A context to the IS researcher?s attention and provide a theoretical grounding to base future empirical research on.
Human Trafficking in Russia and Other Post-Soviet States

Since the collapse of the Soviet regime, post-communist states have rapidly learned the modern face of slavery. Slavic women have been trafficked to the sex markets of Western Europe, Asia, and North America. The surge in human trafficking is the result of numerous factors, including the dramatic fall of the economic system and complete deterioration of the social safety net. This paper explores the causes and conditions of the growth of the trade in persons in the region, the profile and typical behavior of the victims, and the public perception of the trafficking problem. It identifies the inefficiencies behind the national and international responses to trafficking and the complications for policymaking associated with the stigma attached to sex workers.
Unresorbed corpora albicantia mimicking a sonographically solid ovarian mass in a postmenopausal woman

Completely solid ovarian masses, although not typical of ovarian carcinomas, are likely to represent ovarian neoplasms. Although many of these neoplasms are benign, they are often removed surgically. We present a case in which a small solid ovarian mass was seen on sonography and suspected to be a neoplasm. However, surgical pathologic examination revealed that this sonographic finding was due to unresorbed corpora albicantia.
Evaluation of CFAR and texture based target detection statistics on SAR imagery

In this work, we evaluated the effectiveness of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target detection algorithms that consist of any number of combinations of three statistics which include two-parameter CFAR, variance, and extended fractal features. The performance of these algorithms were tested at various threshold settings over the public domain MSTAR database. This database contains one foot resolution X-band SAR imagery. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for the seven resulting algorithms. The results indicate that the CFAR statistic is the least effective detection statistic.
Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Urban Telehealth

Advances in wireless sensor network management have potential applications in urban telehealth. Telehealth is the delivery of health related services and information via telecommunications technologies. Previous efforts on telemedicine management have focused on medical care for rural populations, however urban communities will benefit significantly from advances in wireless network design and management. Within the domain of occupational and physical therapy, known as telerehabilitation, expected active benefits to urban communities include greater adherence to rehabilitation protocol due to ease of use and removal of the travel requirement for multiple weekly trips to clinical site and clinical appointments. Additionally, passive benefits are envisioned to include monitoring of the environment, such as balconies, interior and hallway spaces for detection of road and urban pollutants, including cigarette, exhaust, and cleaning products. The integration of active and passive sensing would provide a more complete picture of the therapy client's living environment and the therapy practice within that environment. This information can be provided by the proposed wireless sensor network application.
A case of chronic progressive lyme encephalitis as a manifestation of late lyme neuroborreliosis.

A 54-year-old female living in Europe presented with gait ataxia, dizziness, and bilateral hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed non-specific white matter changes. The patient’s condition gradually deteriorated over two years without diagnosis. The patient continued to decline cognitively and neurologically with worsening ataxia and upper motor neuron signs. Repeat MRI showed worsening white matter changes. Lumbar puncture, not previously done, showed positive Lyme testing. Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone resulted in marked neurological improvement. Four years after symptom, the patient has short-term memory deficits and chronic fatigue, but is otherwise neurologically, cognitively, and functionally intact. Follow up MRI findings remain largely unchanged. Because cases of intraparenchymal or encephalopathic neuroborreliosis in America are lacking, so are treatment options. We present a rare case and discuss our experience with antibiotic treatment. This case lends evidence to define optimal treatment of this disease, imperative for hastening neurological recovery.
Transient modeling of coupled magnetoelastic problems in electric machines

This paper investigates some aspects on noise and vibrations of electrical machinery based upon the coupling between the magnetic field and the mechanical deformation in the stator. This coupling is typically considered by using reluctance forces. Since the deformations occurring are small compared to the machine's dimensions, there is no feedback to the magnetic system in numerical models. However, stator deformations are caused not only by reluctance forces, but also by magnetostriction effect of the stator iron. Magnetostriction is One of the main causes of noise in electromagnetic systems particularly when the flux density is above 1.5 Teslas. Here, the authors develop numerical models that incorporate magnetostriction effects and all other possible electromechanical forces and related material interactions. Magnetostriction presents a problem at all levels of frequencies. At frequencies, particularly 2E, magnetostrictive forces are undesirable and can be large as well as generate acoustic noise, which can impede the system's performance. The magnetostrictive deformations can be calculated based upon the magnetic field. If the magnetostrictive deformations are slightly higher than the magnitude of the deformations caused by the reluctance forces, there will be a need for feedback to the magnetic system. In order to account for this effect, the magnetostriction characteristic of iron 1(H) is needed. The dependency of permeability on mechanical stress must be accounted for and be built into a strong coupling scheme. Implementation results on a 2-hp, permanent magnet motor indicate that magnetostrictive forces are significant and must be accounted for in the electromagnetic system's design stage.
Successful single‐session endosonography‐based endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography without fluoroscopy in pregnant patients with suspected choledocholithiasis: a case series

Purpose Same session endosonography (EUS) immediately prior to scheduled endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may eliminate the need for ERCP and its associated risks in pregnant patients with no evidence of choledocholithiasis on EUS. In patients with choledocholithiasis, EUS provides information regarding the location, size and number of stones present, which helps guide biliary interventions and confirm stone clearance without the use of fluoroscopy. Methods We retrospectively identified 10 pregnant patients referred to our tertiary endoscopy center for suspected choledocholithiasis between June 2008 and January 2012. All patients underwent same-session EUS-based ERCP. Results Of 10 pregnant patients managed with EUS-guided ERCP, six were found to have common bile duct stones and went on to ERCP. Four patients with no evidence of choledocholithiasis on EUS did not undergo ERCP. Patients with confirmed choledocholithiasis underwent ERCP without the use of fluoroscopy using the additional information provided by EUS. Conclusions Same-session EUS immediately prior to scheduled ERCP may eliminate the need for ERCP and its risks in pregnant patients with no evidence of choledocholithiasis on EUS. In patients with confirmed choledocholithiasis, EUS provided additional information regarding the location, number and size of bile duct stones, which enabled the successful clearance of the bile duct without the use of fluoroscopy.
Anthocyanins in Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. (Araceae)

The flower pigments of Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt., a sapromyophilous plant were examined and cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and peonidin-3-rutinoside were identified. The pigments were identified by means of paper, thin-layer and gas chromatography.
Structural characterization of the catalytic domain of the human 5-lipoxygenase enzyme

Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators involved in several diseases. The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase initiates the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Little structural information is available regarding 5-lipoxygenase. In this study, we found that the primary structure of the catalytic domain of human 5-lipoxygenase is similar to that of the rabbit 15-lipoxygenase. This similarity allowed the development of a theoretical model of the tertiary structure of the 5-lipoxygenase catalytic domain, using the resolved structure of rabbit 15-lipoxygenase as a template. This model was used in conjunction with primary and secondary structural information to investigate putative nucleotide binding sites, a MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylation site, and a Src homology 3 binding site on the 5-lipoxygenase protein, further. Results indicate that the putative nucleotide binding sites are spatially distinct, with one on the β-barrel domain and the other(s) on the catalytic domain. The MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylation site involves a four amino acid insertion in mammalian 5-lipoxygenases that significantly alters molecular structure. This target for post-translational modification is both common and unique to 5-lipoxygenases. The Src homology 3 binding site, found in all lipoxygenases, appears to lack the characteristic left-handed type II helix structure of known Src homology 3 binding sites. These results, which highlight the unique nature of the MAPKAP kinase site, underscore the utility of structural information in the analysis of protein function. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer LINK server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00894-002-0076-y.
''Good Water and Firewood'': The Island Oasis of Isla Cedros, Baja California, Mexico

Abstract: Today, Isla Cedros is remote from major population centers of northwestern Mexico and the American Southwest, but before European contact and throughout the Colonial Period, it was a well-known location to both indigenous peoples and Europeans. Today, a local fishing cooperative shares the island with a massive Mitsubishi Corporation/Mexican government—owned salt-transshipment facility. Far from representing a cautionary tale of excessive development and environmental degradation, Isla Cedros is one of the few places on the globe where human harvesting of marine resources has not yet resulted in an ecological collapse. It is a place where paradoxes abound and allows an alternative view of human interaction with marine and insular ecosystems. Both short- and long-term environmental variation characterizes this ecologically transitional region, and the adaptability of both its human and nonhuman inhabitants presents insights into the possibility of a “commons” without tragedy. Issues of exclusive ...
Theoretical Consideration for a Multipole Probe in Electrocardiographic Studies

This paper describes the design of an active source capable of approximating the three independent dipole and five independent quadrupole source components. The entire system utilizes a physical arrangement of 11 ``point sources'' located at the intersections of a cubical lattice. By an appropriate selection of point sources and sinks and by proper control of their relative strengths, each of the eight aforementioned source components can be excited.
Effect of pH on Thickness and Ion Content of the Oxide Film on Aluminum in NaCl Media

The effect of solution pH on some characteristic properties, i.e., thickness and ion content, of the surface oxide film on high purity aluminum exposed to NaCl solutions have been analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The aluminum oxide film thickness is strongly dependent upon the solution pH. In the active dissolution range, i.e., pH 11, the oxide lilm is thinner than the native oxide film formed alter polishing. Two local maxima were observed at pH ∼3.8 and ∼10.7 where the thickness of the film was 68 and 98 A. respectively. We found only a slight thickness variation in the passive region of aluminum. 4 < pH < 10, which represented a lilm thickness of 40-45 A. The comparison of the aluminum dissolution data with XPS results indicates that the oxide film is thicker at the limits of aluminum stability. The chloride content of the film maximized at pH ∼3.8 and exhibited a minimum at pH ∼10. The sodium concentration reached its maximum value at pH 11.6, Such a pH dependent ion concentration in the passive film is most likely the result of ion bonding to the OH-terminated surface and subsurface groups at the oxide film.
Fermi surface and quasiparticle dynamics of Na0.7CoO2 investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

We present the first angle-resolved photoemission study of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$, the host material of the superconducting ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}n{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ series. Our results show a hole-type Fermi surface, a strongly renormalized quasiparticle band, a small Fermi velocity, and a large Hubbard $U$. The quasiparticle band crosses the Fermi level from $M$ toward $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ suggesting a negative sign of effective single-particle hopping ${\mathbit{t}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ (about 10 meV) which is on the order of magnetic exchange coupling $\mathbit{J}$ in this system. Quasiparticles are well defined only in the $T$-linear resistivity (non-Fermi-liquid) regime. Unusually small single-particle hopping and unconventional quasiparticle dynamics may have implications for understanding the phase of matter realized in this new class of a strongly interacting quantum system.
Szabò’s Geschichte der Mechanischen Prinzipien und Ihrer Wichtigsten Anwendungen (1979)

For hundreds of years mechanics and physics were almost synonymous; through the middle of the nineteenth century a book of theoretical physics was more than half devoted to mechanics; and even today the disciplines of mechanics in elegant, precise mathematical statement abstract, sum, and correlate the greater part of the physics of ordinary phenomena on the human scale. Mathematical mechanics developed mainly in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; mechanical phenomena dominated manufactures and much of everyday life during the following period of industrialization; the philosophies and many of the characteristic attitudes of the West reflect, whether in approbation or contest, mechanics in its universality and mathematical precision; modern life cannot be conceived except intertwined with use and abuse of mechanical principles. Yet general histories of science display such ignorance of mechanics as to give a false picture of science as a whole, and general histories of mechanics in detail or in depth have been few. The first, it seems, is provided by the historical sections Lagrange included in his Mechanique Analitique, 1788. Lagrange’s elegant conciseness and dry, impersonal tone have seduced generations of readers to regard his choice of material fair and his description of it accurate.
Transformation frequency of a mariner-based transposon in Rickettsia rickettsii

Transformation frequencies of a mariner-based transposon system in Rickettsia rickettsii were determined using a plaque assay system for enumeration and isolation of mutants. Sequence analysis of insertion sites in both R. rickettsii and R. prowazekii indicated that insertions were random. Transposon mutagenesis provides a useful tool for rickettsial research.
Approximations useful for the prediction of electrostatic discharges for electrode geometries

This paper provides approximations for estimating the capacitance and the ratio of electric field strength to potential for a certain class of electrode geometries. The geometry consists of an electrode near a grounded plane, with the electrode being a surface of revolution about the perpendicular to the plane. Some examples that show the accuracy of the capacitance estimate and the accuracy of the estimate of electric field over potential can be found in the appendix. When it is possible to estimate the potential of the electrode, knowing the ratio of electric field to potential will help to determine if an electrostatic discharge is likely to occur. Knowing the capacitance will help to determine the strength of the discharge (the energy released by it) if it does occur. The medium between the electrode and the grounded plane may be a neutral gas, a vacuum, or an uncharged homogeneous isotropic dielectric. >
Leveraging nonlinear saturation-based phenomena in an L-shaped vibration energy harvesting system

Abstract Trees exploit intriguing mechanisms such as multimodal frequency distributions and nonlinearities to distribute and dampen the aerodynamically-induced vibration energies to which they are subjected. In dynamical systems, these mechanisms are comparable to internal resonance phenomena. In recent years, researchers have harnessed strong nonlinearities, including internal resonance, to induce energetic dynamics that enhance performance of vibration energy harvesting systems. For trees, the internal resonance-like dynamics are evidently useful to dampen swaying motions in spite of the high variation associated with excitation and structural parameters. Yet for dynamic systems, studies show narrow operating regimes which exhibit internal resonance-based behaviors; this additionally suggests that the energetic dynamics may be susceptible to deactivation if stochastic inputs corrupt ideal excitation properties. To address these issues and to investigate whether the underlying motivation of exploiting internal resonance-induced saturation dynamics is truly justified, this research evaluates the opportunities enabled by exploiting nonlinear, multimodal motions in an L-shaped energy harvester platform. The system dynamics are probed analytically, numerically, and experimentally for comprehensive insights on the versatility of internal resonance-based behaviors for energy harvesting. It is found that although activating the high amplitude nonlinear dynamics to enhance power generation is robust to significant additive noise in the harmonic excitations, parameter sensitivities may pose practical challenges in application. Discussion is provided on means to address such concerns and on future strategies that may favorably exploit nonlinearity and multimodal dynamics for robust energy harvesting performance.
Prescribed sources and gauge conditions

Arbitrary, nonconserved, external sources may be coupled to gauge fields. The conservation identities on the field equations then become gauge-fixing conditions on the gauge-breaking terms needed to implement this approach. The stability of co-ordinate choices under source variations is discussed in the Einstein case.
Abstract 306: A Novel PKCalpha Splicing Isoform in Signaling for Cardiac Hypertrophy

RNA splicing is a significant post-transcriptional regulatory step to enrich the overall transcriptome complexity, yet its specific contribution to cardiac development and pathogenesis remains underexplored. Here, we performed a comprehensive deep RNA-seq analysis in murine heart to investigate the cardiac transcriptome at single exon-resolution. From the dataset, we have identified a previously un-annotated novel exon in the PKCα transcript ---PKCα-NE (Novel Exon). The novel exon encode a 16 amino acid insert adjacent to the PKCα turn motif. Interestingly, the splicing event is detected only in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Based on bioinformatics analysis, we have identified two highly conserved binding motifs for a cardiac splicing regulator_RBFox1. We further demonstrated that RBFox1 indeed functions as a positive regulator for the splicing event of this novel exon. In vitro studies showed that the NE converts PKCα from a lipid-dependent enzyme to a constitutively active kinase with high levels of auto...
Complexity, Capacity, and Budget Punctuations

The budgeting literature has long focused on “institutional friction” as a cause of ubiquitous punctuated equilibrium (PE) findings. A recent wave of scholarship looks to identify specific institutional mechanisms that affect the number of punctuations in policy outputs. We contribute to this growing body of research by focusing on the complexity of the institutional environment surrounding a policy area as well as that of the government as a whole. These factors have opposite effects: the more complex a policy area, the greater the likelihood of extreme spending changes. But higher institutional capacity in general leads to greater stability. To test these ideas, we develop a novel index of budgetary change that balances the conceptual importance of extreme changes while analyzing the entire distribution of budget changes, not only the tails. In addition, we also demonstrate that findings are robust to a number of important distinctions, such as between series associated with slowly moving demographic trends or quickly moving stochastic events. We therefore demonstrate the robustness of important findings from the established literature, add a new measure of the dependent variable, and push the literature forward with a new focus on policy complexity and institutional capacity.
FAK and paxillin, two potential targets in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating cancer in large part due to late diagnosis and a lack of effective screening tests. In spite of recent progress in imaging, surgery and new therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, the overall five-year survival still remains unacceptably low. Numerous studies have shown that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated in many cancers including PDAC and promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Paxillin, an intracellular adaptor protein that plays a key role in cytoskeletal organization, connects integrins to FAK and plays a key role in assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions. Here, we have reviewed evidence in support of FAK as a potential therapeutic target and summarized related combinatorial therapies.
Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnant Women

Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy and are an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 During normal pregnancy, systolic pressure changes little; however, diastolic pressure decreases by an average of 10 mm Hg early in gestation (13 to 20 weeks) and rises again to prepregnancy levels in the third trimester. The term “hypertension in pregnancy” describes a broad spectrum of conditions in which blood pressure varies widely. In reviewing the literature on this subject, one is faced with difficulties regarding the definitions and classifications used to categorize hypertension in pregnant women,2– . . .
A Computational Validation Study of Parallel TURBO for Rotor 35

A validation of parallel TURBO, an unsteady RANS turbomachinery solver, is performed for a transonic research compressor Rotor 35. Comparisons of the rotor's operational range for computational and experimental data as well as comparisons of its spanwise performance characteristics for a single blade passage provide depth to the validation and show a very favorable agreement. Further operational and performance comparisons against experiment are used for multiple blade passage simulations. Multiple blade passage simulations are shown to demonstrate noticeable gains over the single blade passage simulation in solution accuracy against experiment. Also demonstrated are the asymmetric flow features that develop at the near stall operating condition for multiple blade passages. These single and multiple blade passage simulations are presented as groundwork for future research examining the effect of periodic boundary conditions on the growth of computational stall cells within a rotor or stage configuration.
Preparation of TixAl100-x Powders by Mechanical Alloying and their Forming

Nb-5mass%Al, Nb-8mass%Al(Nb 3 Al), Nb-10mass%Al and Nb-46mass%Al(NbAI 3 ) were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of Nb powder and Al powder using a vibrational ball milling in 35kPa argon gas atmosphere for 720ksec. Though the MA powders were agglomerated, they were solid solutions of Nb and Al in this experimental condition.Nb-46mass%AI sample, which was prepared by mixing of mechanical alloyed Nb-10mass%Al powder and Al powder, was sintered at 1173K after pressing. The sintered sample was made up of NbAI 3 phase only. As the temperature of reaction between MA powder and Al is higher than the melting point of Al, the synthesis of NbAl 3 from Nb-Al alloy and molten Al by heat treatment can be accomplished by this process.
A Phase II Study of Vaginal Testosterone Cream (TEST) vs. Estring for Vaginal Dryness or Decreased Libido in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer (BC) Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs).

Background: Sexual issues including vaginal dryness and decreased libido are common among breast cancer patients. Many interventions are hormonally based. The risk of these treatments is unknown and is of interest, particularly for patients with hormone receptor positive disease. Design: In a randomized open label study, we are evaluating the safety, based on serial measurements of serum estradiol (E) levels, of intravaginal TEST or Estring used for 12 weeks (wks) for relief of vaginal dryness and/or decreased libido in women with early stage BC taking AIs. Planned enrollment is 35 patients (pts) per arm, and accrual will stop if a predetermined number of pts has a sustained elevation in serum E while on study. E is measured by an ultrasensensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based assay. Eligible pts have not had a menstrual period for 12 months. and have taken an AI for at least one month. Pts who received chemotherapy or who are on ovarian suppression must have a serum E of 10 pg/ml or if there is a > 10 pg/ml elevation above their baseline value.Results: 29 pts have been enrolled; 15 to TEST, 14 to Estring. 20 pts have completed the 12 wk study period. Adverse events are rare and include grade 1 vaginal discharge, odor, or burning, and hair growth. Two pts did not complete the study due to the Estring falling out. One pt discontinued Estring due to vaginal discharge and irritation. One pt using TEST discontinued treatment due to a herpes outbreak. Among the Estring pts, two had an elevation in serum E to >10 pg/ml (14 pg/ml and 70 pg/ml) at wk 4 or at wk 12; but E returned to 10pg/ml at wk 4 or at wk 12; one remained modestly elevated (17 pg/ml) 4 wks later. Vaginal atrophy scores showed improvement in pts receiving both treatments, although the study is not powered to show a difference between the two arms.Conclusions: Both vaginal TEST and Estring appear to be effective options to treat vaginal dryness in pts with early stage BC on AIs. The number of pts with sustained elevations in serum E levels to date has not reached the pre-defined threshold for stopping the study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5038.
Stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the northern Española basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico

New K-Ar radiometric dates from Miocene volcanic rocks in the northern Espanola basin and northeastern Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico help constrain the late Tertiary depositional and tectonic history of the area. Stratigraphic relationships and radiometric ages from lava flows and dikes show that the Santa Fe Group, which is the dominant fill of the Rio Grande rift in the Espanola basin, consists of two Miocene alluvial fans separated stratigraphically by eolian deposits. The older (>12.4 Ma) fan, the Chama-EI Rito Member of the Tesuque Formation, was derived mainly from the north and northeast; it consists of volcaniclastic silty sandstone and gravel. The younger (<12 Ma) fan, the Chamita Formation, was built to the southwest and contains rock material from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and from northern New Mexico in gravel channels cut into sandstone. These fans overlap in the study area and interfinger with the 14 Ma to 12 Ma northeast-transported eolian deposits of the Ojo Caliente Sandstone Member of the Tesuque Formation. Between about 15 Ma and 14 Ma, during deposition of the Tesuque Formation, Jemez volcanism began with eruption of Lobato Basalt in an area that is now the northern Jemez Mountains. Basaltic volcanism became wide-spread only during a brief period ca. 10 Ma, when flows spread out across much of the study area. This episode of basaltic volcanism largely shut off ca. 9 Ma, approximately coeval with a regional clockwise rotation of the extension direction. This suggests a causal connection between the tectonic activity and basaltic volcanism. Minor Lobato volcanism continued until ca. 7 Ma. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that the stream that formed Santa Clara Canyon, the largest east-trending drainage in the north-east Jemez Mountains, has been located near its present position since at least middle Miocene time. The channel has meandered and shifted laterally, resulting in markedly different stratigraphic sections on either wall of the canyon in the vicinity of the western boundary (Pajarito) fault of the Espanola basin. Two major north-trending faults (the Guaje Mountain and Canada del Amagre) have significantly larger strike-slip components than dip-slip components. The large horizontal component of displacement on these faults is probably related to counterclockwise rotation of the intra-rift blocks. Approximate slip rates for the faults, calculated using a radiometrically dated basalt dike and dacite dome, are virtually identical, yielding a slip rate of 0.1 mm/yr during the past 5 m.y.
The New Cambridge History of India: Communal and caste conflict: secularism, Hindu nationalism, and the Indian state

Hindu nationalism, Muslim separatism, and secularism, the official ideology of the Indian National Congress during the nationalist movement and of the Indian state since Independence, have existed side by side in Indian politics since the late nineteenth century. Although the three ideologies and the political organizations and movements they have spawned from time to time have always been perceived as mutually antagonistic, they have shared common goals. Before Independence, they all sought to unite either the entire population of the country or one of the two largest segments of it into united wholes to contest for power at the center of the Indian political system. Moreover, these are the only possible bases for uniting the vast heterogeneous populations of the Indian subcontinent, divided amongst language, caste, tribal, religious sectarian, and many other groupings. Hindu nationalism has offered the prospect of uniting the country around the idea that all those who consider themselves “Hindus,” whatever their sect, language, or caste are joined in fact by systems of beliefs, philosophical principles, and rituals going back to the Vedas, that they share a common history preceding both the British and the Muslim invasions, and that, as the “majority” population of the country, their beliefs and history ought to provide the ideological basis for an Indian state properly conceived as a Hindu state. Muslim separatists took the position that all the Muslims of South Asia constituted one nation different from the Hindus and that the two nations could only live together as equals, sharing power in a single state, or they would have to part and live in separate states. Secular nationalists argued that these very differences emphasized the need to remove religion and sense of community from the center of Indian politics and to establish the independent Indian state as a neutral force standing above these two antagonistic forces, preventing them from tearing each other and the Indian state apart, and recognizing all citizens of India, Hindus, Muslims, and others, as entitled to equal rights as individuals without reference to their religion or communal affiliation.
Effect of water on metallographic structure of fire melted mark

Simulating fire scene,melted marks of copper wires with different diameters caused by fire were made and cooled by water.The metallographic structure of melted mark was observed and metallographic structure with secondary short circuited melted mark and primary short circuited melted mark was found.
Troubleshooting Common Safety Air Bag System and its Improvement Measures

The paper describes the function and working principium of SRS.Combining Author’s experience which gained from work,it also introduces the Ways for resolve ordinary malfunction and the relative countermeasures.The paper also gives good references to the engineers who work in SRS quality improvement.