cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Media User Behavior Analysis in E-Government Context

Social media provides platforms to communicate with large populations and creates a favorable environment exploit the benefit of having access to millions of users. Despite the broad interest, there is insufficient research on aspects of social media use, and very limited empirical research examining the social media within the public sector. In this study, we present a social media user behavior model as a function of different user types, i.e. light, heavy and automated users. In the model, different user types exhibit varying social media knowledge behaviors driven from different motivations, interests, and goals. The users' knowledge behaviors are analyzed in terms of knowledge creation, framing and targeting. Data of 160,000 tweets by nearly 40,000 twitter users during the year of 2014 for the city of Newark (NJ, USA) was collected and analyzed. The findings imply that 1) Light users reuse an existing content more often while heavy and automated users create an original content more often; 2) Per user, the automated users frame more than the heavy users who frame more than the light users; and 3) Light users tends to target a specific audience or specific locale while heavy and automated users broadcast to general audience rather than a specific targeted one.
Xor on one-defect systems: Research Articles

We present a network experiment that investigates the computational power of cellular automata on the simplest irregular lattice. One cellular automaton whose apparent complexity increased is Rule 60, the left neighbor Xor operator. It went from being nested to complex. That makes Xor a candidate for universal computational power. We present the evidence in terms of the size of cycle lengths, transients, and size of boolean expressions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 13–29, 2006This paper was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the “Understanding Complex Systems” conference held at the University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign, May 2005
A Monte Carlo Study of Superradiance

To investigate the properties of superradiant systems, including the spatial distribution of final state photons, and test the usefulness of Monte Carlo methods for processes defined in real (Minkowski) time.
Accomplishing More Together Influences to the Quality of Professional Relationships Between Special Educators and Paraprofessionals

Fostering and maintaining strong collaborative relationships are critically important for paraprofessionals and special education teachers working together to provide a high-quality education for s...
Enabling High-Energy, High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Cells: Standardization of Coin-Cell Assembly, Electrochemical Testing, and Evaluation of Full Cells

Coin-cells are often the test format of choice for laboratories engaged in battery research and development as they provide a convenient platform for rapid testing of new materials on a small scale. However, reliable, reproducible data via the coin-cell format is inherently difficult, particularly in the full-cell configuration. In addition, statistical evaluation to prove the consistency and reliability of such data is often neglected. Herein we report on several studies aimed at formalizing physical process parameters and coin-cell construction related to full cells. Statistical analysis and performance benchmarking approaches are advocated as a means to more confidently track changes in cell performance. We show that trends in the electrochemical data obtained from coin-cells can be reliable and informative when standardized approaches are implemented in a consistent manner.
Regulation of protein kinase C-epsilon and its age-dependence.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is an important mediator in the cardioprotection of ischemic preconditioning and has been shown to translocate to mitochondria upon activation. However, little is known about the cellular signaling underlying the translocation of PKC isoforms to mitochondria and its age-dependence. The present study aimed to explore whether adenosine-induced translocation of PKCe to mitochondria is mediated by caveolin-3 and/or adenosine A2B receptor/PI3 kinase mediated signaling, and whether the mitochondrial targeting of PKCe is age-related. Immunofluorescence imaging of isolated mitochondria from cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells showed that while adenosine-induced increase in mitochondrial PKCe was inhibited by adenosine A1 receptor blocker, pretreatment with adenosine A2B receptor specific inhibitor MRS 1754 or PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin did not significantly reduce adenosine-mediated increase in mitochondrial PKCe. Interestingly, adenosine-induced increase in mitochondrial translocation of PKCe was significantly blocked by suppressing caveolin-3 expression with specific siRNA. When compared to that in young adult rat hearts, the level of mitochondrial PKCe in middle-aged rat hearts was significantly lower at the basal condition and in response to adenosine treatment, along with largely decreased mitochondrial HSP90 and TOM70 protein expression. We demonstrate that adenosine-induced translocation of PKCe to mitochondria is mediated by a caveolin-3-dependent mechanism and this process is age-related, possibly in part, through regulation of HSP90 and TOM70 expression. These results point out a novel mechanism in regulating PKC function in mitochondria.
The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure and Darwinism in American Institutionalism

(2006). The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure and Darwinism in American Institutionalism. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 1169-1174.
Cecal Leiomyoma: Can We Attempt Endoscopic Resection?

Gastrointestinal leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors arising from the muscularis mucosae, muscularis propriae and possibly from smooth muscle of the vessel wall. Management depends on the size, location and the clinical scenario. Endoscopic snare cauterization with or without saline lift has been described in literature for tumors involving the left colon. To the best of our knowledge, endoscopic resection of right colon leiomyoma was never attempted in the past. We present a case of cecal leiomyoma which was resected endoscopically. Gastroenterol Res. 2016;9(6):105-107 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/gr736e
Trends and Potential Drivers of Distribution Overlap of River Herring and Commercially Exploited Pelagic Marine Fishes on the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf

AbstractConcern has been increasing over the impacts of incidental catches of river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) in commercial fisheries for Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus, but historical information on mixed-species catches and their driving factors is lacking. We examined data from spring and fall bottom trawl surveys (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northeast Fisheries Science Center) for temporal trends in overlap and potential ecosystem drivers of overlap trends. Species overlap changed substantially over time, with changes varying by season and region of the northeastern U.S. continental shelf. In the fall, changes in overlap were positively related to abundance in Georges Bank and southern New England. In the spring, most changes in species overlap were positively related to increasing species abundances. Positive relationships between overlap and abundance suggested that as species distributions ...
The Evolution of Venereal Disease Policy of the U.S. Armed Forces

A prostitute calls down to a soldier from a balcony, "Come on up here and I'll give you something you've never had before!" The soldier dryly replies, "What's that, leprosy?" 24 This joke was passed on from a Korean War veteran who said it was old when he heard it. How old is debatable, but the long association of venereal disease with the common soldier certainly is not. This relationship, mingled with the public's moral perceptions and common fears of standing armies, has proven as difficult an impediment for the Armed Forces to overcome as many of the battles they have fought. Over the centuries, few populations have been so empathetic as to consider that their soldiers, drawn from the common essence, were deserving of civil understanding. The litany of double standards, well expressed by Rudyard Kipling in 'Tommy," where the townsfolk cared not a whit for his bad food or loneliness, but inquired, "Tommy, how's your soul?'' was demonstrated by the tolerance of red light districts in most of their municipalities. 25
“I Am the Drag Whisperer”: Notes from the Front Line of a Cultural Phenomenon

Rosiello offers a first person narrative on the success of RuPaul’s Drag Race (RPDR) as a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) Marketing Director who created the initial Logo TV viewing parties for the first five seasons of RPDR. He also produced the first five RPDR Tours for Logo TV and Absolut Vodka. This allowed him to witness, first hand, the immediate celebrity experienced by the contestants and offer behind-the-scenes stories and observations of both the show’s stars and their fan base. Rosiello explores the accessibility of the RPDR celebrity as compared to other reality show contestants and winners. His observations made are from an LGBTQ perspective and explains why he proudly earned the title of “Drag Whisperer.”
Matching Healthcare Resources to Patient Needs

Healthcare scheduling entails matching health care resources (providers, rooms, equipment, supplies, organs, devices and instruments) to patient needs, when and where they need them. Effective scheduling reduces waste, reduces patient waiting and improves health outcomes. Scheduling methods rely on operations research techniques, including forecasting, mathematical modeling and optimization, queue models and stochastic processes. These techniques are used in many ways, including setting appointments, scheduling staff, planning surgeries and managing the flow of patients through health care systems.
Abstract 12983: mtDNA Damage in Concert With PCSK9 Expression Induces Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in inducing hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular diseases. Autophagy is considered a protective and adaptive mechanism to promote cell survival, while apoptosis represents cell death program designed to remove injured cells. Exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to noxious stimuli such as LPS or ox-LDL induces PCSK9 expression and apoptosis. Methods and Results: Treatment of human primary vascular SMCs to 20 ng/ml LPS significantly induced both mtDNA damage and PCSK9 expression. mtDNA damage induction with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine enhanced PCSK9 expression, whereas mtDNA damage inhibition with the autophagy inducer rapamycin reduced PCSK9 expression, indicating an interplay between autophagy, mtDNA damage and PCSK9. Inhibition of DNase II (siRNA) for reduced the extent of mtDNA damage and PCSK9 expression confirmed the role of mtDNA damage in PCSK9 expression. Next, we investigated the role of PCSK9 in the development of apoptosis. We observed that PCSK9 upregulation by hPCSK9 treatment induced and PCSK9 inhibition by siRNA transfection reduced apoptosis of SMCs (measured as TUNEL staining and expression of Bax, Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3). Conclusions: These observations provide a compelling evidence for the role of mtDNA damage in PCSK9 release. Both collectively induce SMC apoptosis during inflammatory states characteristic of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
Engendering support: Hostile sexism predicts voting for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election:

This research investigated the role of gender attitudes in the United States 2016 presidential election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. The results of three studies (combined N = 2,816) s...
Improved Preparation of Bovine Liver Rhodanese

A better method for isolating crystalline rhodanese from bovine liver tissue has been developed. Both the improved over-all yield of enzymic activity obtained and the ease with which the procedure can be carried out make this the method of choice for large scale preparations.
Identifying Usability Issues in Personal Calendar Tools

This study investigates what types of personal calendar tools people are currently using to manage their time and what usability issues they may experience with their calendar tools. Two sets of in-depth interviews and field observations were designed and carried out at a US university with twenty busy knowledge workers. The preliminary study results indicate that users who used a mixture of mobile and desktop calendar tools reported much higher perceived satisfaction and effectiveness than those who relied on single electronic tools or paper calendars. Furthermore, a number of usability issues are identified and used to propose new features, which can be beneficial to the design of more intelligent electronic calendar systems. Thus, this research not only attempts to understand the current technology-based time management strategies, but to apply this understanding to the development and testing of better calendar tools to more effectively support users’ time management tasks.
Improved prediction of disease-free survival in tamoxifen-treated patients using an expression signature of estrogen-regulated genes as compared to progesterone receptor

535 Background: Progesterone receptor (PR) is a direct downstream target of activated estrogen receptor (ER) and its expression is a marker of estrogen signaling within breast tumors. Studies sugge...
Solid and Suspension Microarrays for Detection and Identification of Infectious Diseases

Advances in microarray technologies have provided new platforms that are being widely adopted for use in the molecular microbiology laboratory. Microarrays are particularly well suited for diagnostics as they allow multiplexing, or the ability to test for multiple targets simultaneously from the same specimen. Microarray technologies commonly used for the detection and identification of microbial targets include both solid-state (planar) microarrays and bead-based suspension microarrays. Microarray methods have been applied to microbial detection, genotyping, and antimicrobial resistance gene detection. Microarrays can offer a panel approach to diagnose specific conditions, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, and can discriminate isolates by genotype for epidemiological investigations. As more information becomes available on the genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, microarrays can assist in predicting susceptibility based on sequence detection in specific organisms. With further advances in automated microarray processing methods, data analysis software, and genotype-phenotype prediction algorithms, these tests will become even more useful as an addition to or replacement for conventional microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, allowing for more rapid and targeted therapy for infectious diseases.
Effects of Methylnaltrexone on Ticagrelor-Induced Antiplatelet Effects in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Treated With Morphine.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess if intravenous methylnaltrexone can counteract the effects of morphine on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of ticagrelor. Background Morphine delays the onset of action of oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, including ticagrelor, by inhibiting gastric emptying and leading to delayed drug absorption. Methylnaltrexone is a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist that has the potential to prevent opioid-induced peripherally mediated side effects (e.g., gastric emptying inhibition) without affecting analgesia. Methods In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease (n = 30) were randomized to receive methylnaltrexone (0.3 mg/kg intravenous) or matching placebo. After methylnaltrexone or placebo administration, all patients received morphine (5 mg intravenous). This was followed 15 min later by a 180-mg loading dose of ticagrelor. Patients crossed over to the alternative study treatment after 7 ± 2 days of washout. PK and PD assessments were performed at 12 time points (6 pre- and 6 post-crossover). PK analysis included measurement of plasma levels of ticagrelor and its major active metabolite (AR-C124910XX). PD assessments included VerifyNow P2Y12, light transmittance aggregometry, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. Results Only marginal changes in plasma levels of ticagrelor (and its major active metabolite) were observed with ticagrelor: maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration were 38% and 30% higher, respectively, in patients receiving methylnaltrexone compared with those receiving placebo, but no differences in time to maximum plasma concentration were observed. There were no differences in P2Y12 reaction units by VerifyNow P2Y12 between groups at each time point, including 2 h (the primary endpoint; p = 0.261). Similarly, there were no differences in PD markers assessed by light transmittance aggregometry and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. Conclusions In patients with coronary artery disease receiving morphine, intravenous administration of the peripheral opioid receptor antagonist methylnaltrexone leads to only marginal changes in plasma levels of ticagrelor and its major metabolite, without affecting levels of platelet reactivity. (Effect of Methylnaltrexone on the PK/PD Profiles of Ticagrelor in Patients Treated With Morphine; NCT02403830)
Hormesis in Health and Chronic Diseases

'What doesn't kill you makes you stronger'. Hormesis, the paradoxical beneficial effects of low-dose stressors, can be better defined as the biphasic dose-effect or time-effect relationship for any substance. Here we review hormesis-like phenomena in the context of chronic diseases for many substances, including lifestyle factors and endocrine factors. Intermittent or pulsatile exposure can generate opposite effects compared with continuous exposure. An initial exposure can elicit an adaptive stress response with long-lasting protection against subsequent exposures. Early-life stress can increase resilience in later life and lack of stress can lead to vulnerability. Many stressors are naturally occurring and are required for healthy growth or homeostasis, which exemplifies how 'illness is the doorway to health'.
Absorption and emission modulation in a MoS 2 –GaN (0001) heterostructure by interface phonon–exciton coupling

Semiconductor heterostructures based on layered two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) interfaced to gallium nitride (GaN) are excellent material systems to realize broadband light absorbers and emitters due to their close proximity in the lattice constants. The surface properties of a polar semiconductor such as GaN are dominated by interface phonons, and thus the optical properties of the vertical heterostructure are influenced by the coupling of these carriers with phonons. The activation of different Raman modes in the heterostructure caused by the coupling between interfacial phonons and optically generated carriers in a monolayer MoS2–GaN (0001) heterostructure is observed. Different excitonic states in MoS2 are close to the interband energy state of intraband defect state of GaN. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to determine the band alignment of the interface and revealed a type-I heterostructure. The close proximity of the energy levels and the excitonic states in the semiconductors and the coupling of the electronic states with phonons result in the modification of carrier relaxation rates. Modulation of the excitonic absorption states in MoS2 is measured by transient optical pump-probe spectroscopy and the change in emission properties of both semiconductors is measured by steady-state photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. There is significant red-shift of the C excitonic band and faster dephasing of carriers in MoS2. However, optical excitation at energy higher than the bandgap of both semiconductors slows down the dephasing of carriers and energy exchange at the interface. Enhanced and blue-shifted PL emission is observed in MoS2. GaN band-edge emission is reduced in intensity at room temperature due to increased phonon-induced scattering of carriers in the GaN layer. Our results demonstrate the relevance of interface coupling between the semiconductors for the development of optical and electronic applications.
Thermal Accelerometer Performance Enhancements through AC Biasing Schemes

MEMS Thermal accelerometers are typically driven and sensed entirely at DC, an approach that contributes to their relatively high drift and noise. This work presents several novel operation modes based on independent modulation of the heater and the detectors: DC heating and AC sensing, AC heating and DC sensing, and full AC. The improvement in noise density offered by modulating the detectors is measured, showing a 23% reduction as compared to pure DC operation. Both AC heating modes exhibited an order of magnitude less drift at 100 seconds than DC heating. These results demonstrate the substantial improvements modulated operating schemes can offer for both noise and ultra-low frequency stability in thermal accelerometers.
Protecting memory from misinformation: Warnings modulate cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval

Exposure to even subtle forms of misleading information can significantly alter memory for past events. Memory distortion due to misinformation has been linked to faulty reconstructive processes during memory retrieval and the reactivation of brain regions involved in the initial encoding of misleading details (cortical reinstatement). The current study investigated whether warning participants about the threat of misinformation can modulate cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval and reduce misinformation errors. Participants watched a silent video depicting a crime (original event) and were given an initial test of memory for the crime details. Then, participants listened to an auditory narrative describing the crime in which some original details were altered (misinformation). Importantly, participants who received a warning about the reliability of the auditory narrative either before or after exposure to misinformation demonstrated less susceptibility to misinformation on a final test of memory compared to unwarned participants. Warned and unwarned participants also demonstrated striking differences in neural activity during the final memory test. Compared to participants who did not receive a warning, participants who received a warning (regardless of its timing) demonstrated increased activity in visual regions associated with the original source of information as well as decreased activity in auditory regions associated with the misleading source of information. Stronger visual reactivation was associated with reduced susceptibility to misinformation, whereas stronger auditory reactivation was associated with increased susceptibility to misinformation. Together, these results suggest that a simple warning can modulate reconstructive processes during memory retrieval and reduce memory errors due to misinformation.
Insights into Disparities Observed with COVID-19.

The onset of human disease by infection with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has revealed risk factors for disease severity. There are four identified factors that put one at high risk for infection and/or mortality creating a disparity: age, co-morbidities, race/ethnicity and gender. Data indicate that the older a person is, and/or the presence of obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease place one at higher risk for COVID-19. In the United States, specific race/ethnicities, particularly African Americans and Native Americans, are strong COVID-19 risk components. Male gender has also emerged as a severity risk factor. For age and racial/ethnicities, the accumulation of health co-morbidities is common precipitating mechanisms. In particular, underlying socio-economic structures in the United States likely drive development of co-morbidities, putting affected populations at higher risk for severe COVID-19. Sudden cardiac death triggered by a common sodium channel variant in African Americans with COVID-19 has not been evaluated as a cause for racial disparity. There is no evidence that racial/ethnic differences for COVID-19 are caused by ABO blood groups, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or from amino acid substitutions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. There is growing evidence that androgen-enabled expression of ACE2 receptors and the serine protease TMPRSS2, two permissive elements engaging the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for infection, may contribute to severe COVID-19 in men. Overall, COVID-19 has generated disparities for who is infected and the severity of that infection. Understanding the mechanisms for the disparity will help nullify the differences in risk for COVID-19.
Embolic Characteristics of Imipenem-Cilastatin Particles in Vitro and in Vivo: Implications for Transarterial Embolization in Joint Arthropathies.

PURPOSE To elucidate in vitro and in vivo characteristics and embolic properties of imipenem-cilastatin (IPM-CS) compared with hydrogel microspheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS Particle size distribution was microscopically evaluated with 3 samples of 50 mg IPM-CS suspensions in each of 6 conditions by a mixture of contrast volume: 500 or 1000 μL and vortex mixing time: 5, 10, or 30 s. Time-dependent changes up to 3 h post-mixing were also evaluated. Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (460.2 ± 5.0 g) underwent unilateral renal artery embolization using IPM-CS (n = 11) or hydrogel microspheres (n = 4). Follow-up angiography 48 h after embolization and histological evaluation, including acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and inflammation, were scored using a 5-point scale (from 0 = normal to 4 = severe). RESULTS Over 91% of IPM-CS particles were <40 μm under all in vitro conditions. With the increased contrast volume, the average particle size also increased (mean ± standard deviation: 11.6 ± 13.9 vs 16.7 ± 18.2 μm for 500 and 1000 μL iodinated contrast, P < .001); however, the impact of the mixing/elapsed time were limited. At 48 h after embolization, all cases in the IPM-CS groups (11/11) showed major to complete recanalization versus no recanalization with hydrogel microspheres (0/4) (P < .001). The following are the median ATN and inflammation grades in the cortex (ventral/dorsal) and medulla (ventral/dorsal) in both groups: IPM-CS, ATN in cortex (2/4) and medulla (1/1), inflammation in cortex (0/0) and medulla (0/0); hydrogel microspheres, ATN in cortex (4/4) and medulla (3/2), inflammation in cortex (1/1) and medulla (1/1). CONCLUSIONS IPM-CS suspension generated particles that were predominantly smaller than 40 μm and with unique short-term embolic effects, leaving predominantly peripheral ischemic changes.
After the ‘Great Half-Century’: Post-Crisis Economic Geography in Retrospect and Prospect

This review assesses the evolution of economic geography over the past two decades, picking up where Scott’s (2000) intellectual history of the field’s “great-half century” ends. It is part retrospective and prospective; as such, it aims beyond a historical review to outline some ideas about important factors that drove the recent developments of economic geography. Specifically, I identify three main themes: i) the “Methodenstreit” over the New Economic Geography and the alleged intellectual imperialism of geographical economics; ii) the search for engaged pluralism amid concerns of a dominance of Anglo-American economic geography; and—perhaps most strikingly—iii) the rapid (re)emergence of subfields after the Great Financial Crisis, such as the geography of money and finance and political economic geography, both with a particular focus on spatial disparities and inequality. Focusing on new developments in the geography of money and finance, I also illustrate how the three themes (economic imperialism, pluralism, and financialisation) have shaped the discipline’s most recent intellectual history. The review concludes by outlining elements of a vision for a pluralist post-crisis economic geography.
Clinically Approximated Hypoperfused Tissue in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background and purpose Patient selection for thrombectomy of acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion in the delayed time window (>6 hours) is dependent on delineation of clinical-core mismatch or radiological target mismatch using perfusion imaging. Selection paradigms not involving advanced imaging and software processing may reduce time to treatment and broaden eligibility. We aim to develop a conversion factor to approximately determine the volume of hypoperfused tissue using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (clinically approximated hypoperfused tissue [CAT] volume) and explore its ability to identify patients eligible for thrombectomy in the late-time window. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes at 3 comprehensive stroke centers. Demographic, clinical, and imaging (computed tomography perfusion processed using RAPID, IschemaView) information was analyzed. A conversion factor, which is a multiple of the NIHSS score (for NIHSS score 6 seconds volume) was tested using DEFUSE-3 criteria (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke 3) eligibility as a gold standard in an independent cohort. Results Of the 309 large vessel occlusion strokes (age, 70±14, 46% male, median NIHSS 16 [12-20]) included in this study, 38% of patients arrived beyond 6 hours of time from last known well. Conversion factors derived (derivation cohort-center A: 187) based on median values of Tmax>6 second volume for NIHSS score Conclusions Clinical severity of stroke (NIHSS score) may be used to calculate the volume of hypoperfused tissue during large vessel occlusion stroke. CAT volumes for NIHSS score
Experimental Campaign to Evaluate the Fundamental Capabilities and Limitations of Synthetic DOA Using Swarming UAVs

A system performance analysis for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using UAV swarms in the presence of small sensor gain, phase, and position errors has been derived analytically. Its analysis accounts for pragmatic errors and uncertainties when the UAVs fly in practice. This includes the signal model with deterministic unknown location errors, which is extended to cases when the location error is stochastic. The Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) is derived for the joint estimation of DOAs, accounting for variation in sensor gain, sensor phase, and sensor location errors for the swarm. This work examines the results from the first experimental campaign to study the behavior of these systems in a laboratory setting. Both numerical simulations and practical experiments have been obtained to verify the theoretical results. The focus of this manuscript is on the latter.
A Silent Killer: Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Gastrointestinal Bleed.

Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is defined as more than 50% angiographic arterial narrowing and has been demonstrated in nearly 5% of all patients undergoing coronary angiography. It carries an extremely high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as it impacts more than two-thirds of the left ventricle. Prediction of LMCAD in the right clinical setting is important for the selection of the proper treatment strategies. Typical ECG characteristics are ST elevation (STE) in lead augmented vector right (aVR-STE) of more than 0.5 mV accompanied by ST depression (STD) notably in leads I, II, and V4-6 or STE in aVR ≥ V1. Furthermore, the presence of aVR-STE is associated with worse outcomes and careful evaluation and close monitoring are warranted. However, not every aVR-STE is an acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA), as acute occlusion is a catastrophic event. aVR-STE can also be associated with severe triple-vessel disease or diffuse subendocardial ischemia.
Metabolic channeling: predictions, deductions, and evidence

With the elucidation of myriad anabolic and catabolic enzyme-catalyzed cellular pathways crisscrossing each other, an obvious question arose: how could these networks operate with maximal catalytic efficiency and minimal interference? A logical answer was the postulate of metabolic channeling, which in its simplest embodiment assumes that the product generated by one enzyme passes directly to a second without diffusion into the surrounding medium. This tight coupling of activities might increase a pathway's metabolic flux and/or serve to sequester unstable/toxic/reactive intermediates as well as prevent their access to other networks. Here, we present evidence for this concept, commencing with enzymes that feature a physical molecular tunnel, to multi-enzyme complexes that retain pathway substrates through electrostatics or enclosures, and finally to metabolons that feature collections of enzymes assembled into clusters with variable stoichiometric composition. Lastly, we discuss the advantages of reversibly assembled metabolons in the context of the purinosome, the purine biosynthesis metabolon.
TEMPORAL SENSITIVITY OF REGIONAL CLIMATE TO LAND-SURFACE HETEROGENEITY

Increased interest in climate change at local and regional scales has prompted climate simulations for regional areas, but tests of climate models have not specifically examined the impacts of regional heterogeneity, and they have largely overlooked possible temporal sensitivity. In this study I used a coupled surface-atmosphere mesoscale model to evaluate the effects of regional heterogeneity in five land-surface parameters that have the strongest impacts on the surface energy balance: albedo, roughness, canopy resistance, rooting profile, and soil water content. I included temporal variability in climate sensitivity by completing a series of mid-month simulations representative of the June-September growing season. I modeled land surfaces of maize contrasted with bare soil, grass, or coniferous trees. Roughness discontinuities were important factors in determining regional energy balance and surface temperature for all three surface contrasts. The effects varied over the growing season as a function of ...
The Risk of Acute Spinal Cord Injury After Minor Trauma in Patients With Preexisting Cervical Stenosis.

BACKGROUND: Cervical stenosis patients are commonly advised to undergo surgery due to the risk of spinal cord injury (SCI) after a traumatic event. However, the actual risk of SCI in this scenario is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of SCI after minor trauma in a cohort of prospectively followed cervical stenosis patients. METHODS: Clinical and radiographical analysis was performed in 55 nonoperatively treated patients evaluated between 2009 and 2014. Each patient was asked standardized questions including: 1) whether a previous physician recommended neck surgery, 2) whether a physician indicated that they would become paralyzed after a traumatic event, and 3) whether they experienced a traumatic event during the follow-up period. RESULTS: The mean age was 65, with a mean modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score of 16.6. The mean canal diameter was 6.1 mm. Nineteen patients (35%) had evidence of intramedullary T2 signal abnormality. Thirty-one patients (56%) were previously recommended for surgery. Twenty-six patients (47%) were told that they would be paralyzed after a motor vehicle accident or fall unless surgery was performed. Ten patients (18%) experienced a traumatic event during the follow-up, with none sustaining an SCI. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cervical stenosis patients are commonly recommended to undergo surgery due to risk of paralysis after a traumatic event. SCI was not observed after minor trauma in our cohort of prospectively followed patients. It seems that occurrence of SCI in this patient population after minor trauma is likely smaller than many physicians surmise, yet will require future prospective study in a large cohort of patients. ABBREVIATIONS: CSM, cervical spondylotic myelopathymJOA, modified Japanese Orthopedic AssociationMVA, motor vehicle accidentSCI, spinal cord injury. Language: en
ISOLATED SUBCUTANEOUS RHEUMATIC NODULES.

1. A 2 11/12-year-old white male with isolated rheumatic nodules is reported. No evidence of systemic disease was present. 2. Reported cases in the literature are reviewed. 3. A possible direction for etiologic investigation is proposed.
Masking Faults While Providing Bounded-Time Phased Recovery

We focus on synthesis techniques for transforming existing fault-intolerant real-time programs to fault-tolerant programs that provide phased recovery. A fault-tolerant program is one that satisfies its safetyand livenessspecifications as well as timing constraintsin the presence of faults. We argue that in many commonly considered programs (especially in mission-critical systems), when faults occur, simple recovery to the program's normal behavior is necessary, but not sufficient. For such programs, it is necessary that recovery is accomplished in a sequence of phases, each ensuring that the program satisfies certain properties. In this paper, we show that, in general, synthesizing fault-tolerant real-time programs that provide bounded-time phased recovery is NP-complete. We also characterize a sufficient condition for cases where synthesizing fault-tolerant real-time programs that provide bounded-time phased recovery can be accomplished in polynomial-time in the size of the input program's region graph.
Discovery of novel monosaccharides in animal glycans: natural occurrence of N-glycolylhexosamines (607.6)

Metabolism of the major mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) generates N-glycolylglucosamine (GlcNGc) as a byproduct of its degradative pathway (1). Mammalian cells cultured wit...
Using b-->s gamma to probe top quark couplings.

Possible anomalous couplings of the top quark to on-shell photons and gluons are constrained by the recent results of the CLEO Collaboration on both inclusive and exclusive radiative $B$ decays. We find that the process $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s\ensuremath{\gamma}$ can lead to reasonable bounds (of order a few \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ e cm) on both the anomalous electric and magnetic dipole moments of the top quark. Essentially no limits are obtained on the corresponding chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments, which enter the expression for the decay rate only through operator mixing.
Sexual selection: Are ducks impressed by drakes' display?

Surprisingly few birds have penises, but among those that do, the Argentine lake duck (Oxyura vittata) tops the bill - the penis of this small stifftail duck from South America is shaped like a corkscrew and, at almost half a metre long, is the largest of any bird measured so far. Factors responsible for the evolution of this remarkable organ could include runaway selection, whereby drakes with longer penises gain dominance and copulate with more females, or preference by females for drakes with longer and more decorated penises.
Identification of a domain in the carboxy terminus of CCK receptor that affects its intracellular trafficking

The carboxy-terminal region of many guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors contains important regulatory sequences such as an NP(x)2–3Y motif, a site of fatty acid acylati...
Self-Study as a Means for Urban Teachers to Transform Academics.

Our self-study has two main purposes: (1) to understand the value of self-study for credential program graduates to confront in transformative ways the pedagogical challenges of urban schools, and (2) to add to an exploration of self-study for non-teacher educators and strengthen our preparation of candidates to enact such inquiry. To answer these questions, we orchestrated a dialogic exchange with three Master's students who used self-study to research and improve their teaching in urban elementary schools. We analyzed their papers both to see how consistent they were with the characteristics of self-study and to determine the nature of lessons learned in relation to our social justice goals. In addition, in the following year we gathered and analyzed information about their post-study reactions to self-study and its continuing influence. In their self-studies all three examined assumptions guiding their teaching by analyzing pertinent data and functioning as critical friends for each other; their work w...
A Balanced Look at the Implications of Genomic (and Other “Omics”) Testing for Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Care

The tremendous increase in DNA sequencing capacity arising from the commercialization of “next generation” instruments has opened the door to innumerable routes of investigation in basic and translational medical science. It enables very large data sets to be gathered, whose interpretation and conversion into useful knowledge is only beginning. A challenge for modern healthcare systems and academic medical centers is to apply these new methods for the diagnosis of disease and the management of patient care without unnecessary delay, but also with appropriate evaluation of the quality of data and interpretation, as well as the clinical value of the insights gained. Most critically, the standards applied for evaluating these new laboratory data and ensuring that the results and their significance are clearly communicated to patients and their caregivers should be at least as rigorous as those applied to other kinds of medical tests. Here, we present an overview of conceptual and practical issues to be considered in planning for the integration of genomic methods or, in principle, any other type of “omics” testing into clinical care.
Distributed Antenna-Coupled Transition Edge Sensors

We describe progress toward realizing a new architecture for focal plane arrays for the Submillimeter and Far- Infrared (FIR) bands. This architecture is based on a detector design utilizing distributed hot{electron transition edge sensors (TES) coupled to slot antenna elements. Arrays utilizing this type of detector can be considerably easier to manufacture than membrane-isolated TES arrays, because the need for micro-machining is eliminated. We present background and rationale for this new array architecture and details of a new antenna design for an imaging polarimeter, which yields greater bandwidth than past designs. In addition, we describe a cryogenic facility for testing these arrays.
1857 California post-earthquake information practices

In 1857 California experienced the largest earthquake in the history of the state. The conventional scientific explanations of earthquakes we have today were nonexistent, government was not involved in disaster response, and the information infrastructure included boats, horses, and local telegraphs. This poster reveals how the means of circulating documents such as newspapers, as well as other record keeping practices and information standards shaped how Californians constructed a narrative about the earthquake. The work presented here is part of a larger research project about the history and development of information practices following California earthquakes. The goal of this work is to understand how information infrastructure shapes communities' experience of disasters, and implications for information infrastructure design today.
Strong-field ionization of molecules in circularly polarized few-cycle pulses

We have numerically investigated ionization of molecules exposed to circularly polarized (CP) intense few-cycle pulses (FCPs) by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schroedinger equation. The resulting photoelectron spectra exhibit an interesting ''plateau'' feature that does not appear for atoms exposed to circularly-polarized laser fields. The origin comes from the intense CP field ionizing a portion of the electron wave packet about one nuclear center and driving it through the other. Moreover, the angular distribution of photoelectrons gives an indication of the carrier-envelope phase of the applied FCP, which implies that steering of photoelectrons in space can be achieved by controlling the FCP phase.
Echocardiography in Endocardial Cushion Defects: A Preoperative and Postoperative Study

Echocardiographic studies were performed on 14 patients with endocardial cushion defects of different anatomic varieties. Four patients were studied again after operation. Patients with partial atrioventricular canal (PAVC) showed multiple systolic echoes on mitral valve echogram, with significant mitral-septal apposition in diastole. The left ventricular outflow (LVO) appeared significantly narrowed. The septal motions were paradoxic. After corrective operation, an increase in the width of the LVO was noted and mitral-septal apposition appeared to be less pronounced. Multiple systolic echoes, however, reappeared and persisted. The echocardiograms in patients with complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) were characterized by wide excursion of an apparent single atrioventricular valve. The echoes of the mitral component of the common anterior leaflet moved anteriorly into the right ventricular cavity and overshadowed the tricuspid component in diastole. In addition, patients with CAVC and divided and medially attached common anterior leaflets had solitary mitral and tricuspid echograms. This feature differentiates this group of patients from those patients with CAVC with undivided freefloating common anterior leaflet.
Religion and bioethics: toward an expanded understanding

Before asking what U.S. bioethics might learn from a more comprehensive and more nuanced understanding of Islamic religion, history, and culture, a prior question is, how should bioethics think about religion? Two sets of commonly held assumptions impede further progress and insight. The first involves what "religion" means and how one should study it. The second is a prominent philosophical view of the role of religion in a diverse, democratic society. To move beyond these assumptions, it helps to view religion as lived experience as well as a body of doctrine and to see that religious differences and controversies should be welcomed in the public square of a diverse democratic society rather than merely tolerated.