cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field performance evaluation of new methods for in-situ calibration of attitude and doppler sensors for underwater vehicle navigation

We report a comparative performance evaluation, using at-sea field data, of recently reported methods for the problem of in-situ calibration of the alignment rotation matrix between Doppler sonar velocity sensors and inertial navigation sensors arising in the navigation of underwater vehicles. Most previously reported solutions to this alignment calibration problem require the use of absolute navigation fixes of the underwater vehicle, thus requiring additional navigation sensors and/or beacons to be located externally and apart from the underwater vehicle. We briefly review four recently reported alignment calibration methods employing only internal vehicle navigation sensors for velocity, acceleration, attitude, and depth. We report the results of comparative analysis of the performance of these recently reported methods and a previously reported method with navigation data from deep-water survey missions of the Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle conducted in March, 2011 in the Kermadec Arc in the Southern Pacific Ocean. The results reveal consistent differences in performance of the various methods when analyzed on navigation data from several different vehicle dives.
The voltammetric study of the reduction of tetraalkylammonium perchlorate by Fe(TPP)2

Tetraalkylammonium ions react with Fe(TPP)2− to form Fe(TPP)(R)− and trialkylamine. The tetrabutylammonium cation was verified to be the source of the alkyl group in the product, Fe(TPP)(R)−, by using (1H5C2)3(2H5C2)N− as the cation and 2H NMR. The reaction of Fe(TPP)2− with Bu4N− was monitored by cyclic voltammetry and thin layer spectroelectrochemistry. The activation parameters were measured, and were most consistent with an electron transfer (ET) mechanism. The rate of the reaction of tetramethyl and tetraethylammonium ions with Fe(TPP)2− was also examined. The rate constant decreased significantly as the carbon chain length decreased, which was also consistent with an ET mechanism.
Using likely invariants for automated software fault localization

We propose an automatic diagnosis technique for isolating the root cause(s) of software failures. We use likely program invariants, automatically generated using correct inputs that are close to the fault-triggering input, to select a set of candidate program locations which are possible root causes. We then trim the set of candidate root causes using software-implemented dynamic backwards slicing, plus two new filtering heuristics: dependence filtering, and filtering via multiple failing inputs that are also close to the failing input. Experimental results on reported software bugs of three large open-source servers show that we are able to narrow down the number of candidate bug locations to between 5 and 17 program expressions, even in programs that are hundreds of thousands of lines long.
Wolfram Syndrome iPS Cells: The First Human Cell Model of Endoplasmic Reticulum Disease

Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with clinical signs apparent in early childhood. This condition is characterized by childhood-onset diabetes, optic nerve atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus, and neurodegeneration, and it results in death in middle adulthood (1–3). Genetic and experimental evidence strongly suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction is a critical pathogenic component of Wolfram syndrome (4,5). However, there is a lack of complete understanding of the pathways and biomarkers involved in the disease process due to the limitations of animal models that do not accurately reflect human patients. As a result, despite the underlying importance of ER dysfunction in Wolfram syndrome, there are currently no therapies that target the ER, a deficiency that points to the urgent need to develop a human cell model of this condition. In this issue, Shang et al. (6) report that this has been successfully accomplished. ER is a membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells that is involved in protein synthesis, calcium storage, redox regulation, steroid synthesis, and cell death. Recent clinical and genetic evidence indicate that acquired or inherited ER dysfunction can cause rare genetic diseases such as Wolfram syndrome, as well as many …
A Review of ““I am not Sick I don't Need Help!” How to Help Someone with Mental Illness Accept Treatment, 2nd Edition”

Edited by Lora Humphrey Beebe, PMHNP-BCThe University & Tennessee, College of Nursing, Knowxville, Tennessee, USAXavier Amador, PhD, is Professor of Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbi...
Activation of Protein Kinase A Modulates Trafficking of the Human Cardiac Sodium Channel in Xenopus Oocytes

Abstract —Voltage-gated Na+ channels are critical determinants of electrophysiological properties in the heart. Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors, which activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]), can alter impulse conduction in normal tissue and promote development of cardiac arrhythmias in pathological states. Recent studies demonstrate that PKA activation increases cardiac Na+ currents, although the mechanism of this effect is unknown. To explore the molecular basis of Na+ channel modulation by β-adrenergic receptors, we have examined the effects of PKA activation on the recombinant human cardiac Na+ channel, hH1. Both in the absence and the presence of hβ1 subunit coexpression, activation of PKA caused a slow increase in Na+ current that did not saturate despite kinase stimulation for 1 hour. In addition, there was a small shift in the voltage dependence of channel activation and inactivation to more negative voltages. Chloroquine and monensin, compounds that disrupt plasma membrane recycling, reduced hH1 current, suggesting rapid turnover of channels at the cell surface. Preincubation with these agents also prevented the PKA-mediated rise in Na+ current, indicating that this effect likely resulted from an increased number of Na+ channels in the plasma membrane. Experiments using chimeric constructs of hH1 and the skeletal muscle Na+ channel, hSKM1, identified the I-II interdomain loop of hH1 as the region responsible for the PKA effect. These results demonstrate that activation of PKA modulates both trafficking and function of the hH1 channel, with changes in Na+ current that could either speed or slow conduction, depending on the physiological circumstances. ( Circ Res. 2000;87:33-38.)
A Tool for Simulated Social Experiments

A new agent-based model is presented of the investiga tion of collective behavior with a large number of deci sion makers operating in a stochastic environment. (An agent is an entity that interacts with and contributes to its environment. A set of agents can be a simplified representation of a society.) The model has three distinc tive new features: the number of agents in the model is theoretically unlimited; the agents have various distinct user-defined "personalities;" and the agents are described as combinations of cellular and stochastic learning au tomata. The combination of different personalities with stochastic learning makes it possible to simulate human- like behavior in social situations when each group mem ber must choose between maximizing selfish interests or collective interests. Our model is a framework to per form various simulated social experiments and assess the propagation of information and human influence in large-scale conflicting environments, e.g., to simulate realistic multi-p...
Stories of Personal Agency: Undergraduate Students' Perceptions of Developing Intercultural Competence during a Semester Abroad in Chile.

Knowledge of how students perceive their development of intercultural competence (IC), one of several study abroad learning outcomes, is important for better understanding how learning occurs in st...
Modeling agglomeration processes in fluid-bed granulation

Many agrochemicals are formulated as water dispersive granules through agglomeration, beginning with a fine powder (∼1 μm) and ending with granules on the order of 500 μm. Powders are charged into a granulation system with a liquid binding agent, and granules are subsequently grown to an appropriate size. Granulation in fluid beds is presented using a mass conserving discretized population balance equation. Coalesce kernels governing the rate and extent of granulation are assumed dependent on the Stokes number, which is indirectly linked to important process variables (air and binder flow rate, bed charge, bed geometry) such that the physical processes governing particle coalescence and rebound are correlated to process variables. A new coalescence kernel is proposed based on physical insight, simplicity, and deterministic equivalent modeling to account for uncertainty. This kernel is based on a Stokes number method where uncertainty in the Stokes number is characterized by polynomial chaos expansions. The magnitude of the coalescence kernel is proportional to the probability of the distribution of Stokes number exceeding a critical value. This mechanistic/semiempirical approach to fluid-bed agglomeration fosters an environment for process scaleup by eliminating specific equipment and process variable constraints to focus on the underlying mechanisms for proper scale-up procedures. Model predictions using this new kernel are then compared to experimental pilot-plant observations.
Estrogen receptor prevents p53-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer

More than two-thirds of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and depend on estrogen for growth and survival. Therapies targeting ER function, including aromatase inhibitors that block the production of estrogens and ER antagonists that alter ER transcriptional activity, play a central role in the treatment of ER+ breast cancers of all stages. In contrast to ER− breast cancers, which frequently harbor mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor, ER+ breast cancers are predominantly wild type for p53. Despite harboring wild-type p53, ER+ breast cancer cells are resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in the presence of estrogen. Using genome-wide approaches, we have addressed the mechanism by which ER antagonizes the proapoptotic function of p53. Interestingly, both ER agonists such as estradiol and the selective ER modulator (SERM) tamoxifen promote p53 antagonism. In contrast, the full ER antagonist fulvestrant blocks the ability of ER to inhibit p53-mediated cell death. This inhibition works through a mechanism involving the modulation of a subset of p53 and ER target genes that can predict the relapse-free survival of patients with ER+ breast cancer. These findings suggest an improved strategy for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer using antagonists that completely block ER action together with drugs that activate p53-mediated cell death.
A GIS method for riparian water quality buffer generation

Abstract The establishment of vegetated riparian buffers is an important component of best management practice (BMP) for water quality management in the United States. However, standards for buffer width are usually set on a rule-of-thumb basis which is unable to reflect regional variations in physical conditions. This is due in part to the lack of a scientifically-justifiable and generally-applicable method. Existing scientific models are elegant but usually data-intensive and computationally cumbersome. Their applicability is therefore limited. The GFS method presented here provides a promising solution. It integrates a scientifically-tested model of variable buffer width delineation into a GIS frame-work. Technical burdens of database management and computation are handled by the GIS. A case study demonstrates its capability to facilitate the delineation of riparian water quality buffers and the evaluation of environmental buffer regulations. It could be integrated into a planning framework to support ...
Via Minimization by Layout Modification

We present in this paper a new approach to the two-layer via minimization problem. Our approach is to systematically eliminate vias by modifying the routing layout. We have implemented our algorithm and applied it to benchmark routing layouts published in the literature, and obtained significant reduction in the number of vias without increasing the routing area. The experimental results show that our algorithm is more effective in via reduction and more efficient in running time compared to conventional via minimization algorithms. In particular, for Burstein's 19 track solution to Deutsch's difficult problem, our algorithm obtains 34% reduction in the number of vias, which is more than 11% improvement over the conventional CVM (constrained via minimization) approach. The application of our algorithm to various solutions to the Deutsch's difficult problem produces the fewest numbers of vias ever reported in the literature.
Studies of MZS and MZOS Structures with Zinc Oxide Deposited by Conventional Rf Diode and Magnetron Sputtering Techniques

Highly crystalline and c-axis oriented zinc oxide thin films were sputter deposited from a ceramic target using rf diode and magnetron sputtering techniques. A comparative evaluation of structure and electrical characteristics of ZnO films in the MZS and MZOS configurations is presented and the results are discussed. The physical and electrical properties were significantly influenced by highly energetic particles originating from the presence of oxygen neutrals in the plasma during the growth process and the behavior differed between the diode and magnetron sputtering processes.
Principal component analysis variable selection for logistic models in plant hazard event prediction applications

In some process control applications, providing plant operators with even ten minutes of lead time to address potential hazard events could be the difference between catastrophic failure and graceful recovery. In this work, logistic models are developed to predict propylene compressor surge. Principal components analysis is used to select explanatory variables which exhibit high variance in the thirty minutes prior to a compressor surge event. Three types of models are developed: a main model based on principal components, a significant variables model and a model using interactions. Instances of each of the three model types were created using training data from three hazard events to create a total of nine predictive models. Each of the nine models was tested against data from a fourth hazard event. One of the nine models was capable of predicting surge events with a reasonable false alarm rate. The remainder of the models either did not identify any pre-hazard conditions or over-diagnosed by generating far too many false alarms. Future work will apply normalization and other techniques including the use of Process Plant Computing Limited's parallel coordinate plotting software.
Gender Attribution: Tracing Stylometric Evidence Beyond Topic and Genre

Sociolinguistic theories (e.g., Lakoff (1973)) postulate that women's language styles differ from that of men. In this paper, we explore statistical techniques that can learn to identify the gender of authors in modern English text, such as web blogs and scientific papers. Although recent work has shown the efficacy of statistical approaches to gender attribution, we conjecture that the reported performance might be overly optimistic due to non-stylistic factors such as topic bias in gender that can make the gender detection task easier. Our work is the first that consciously avoids gender bias in topics, thereby providing stronger evidence to gender-specific styles in language beyond topic. In addition, our comparative study provides new insights into robustness of various stylometric techniques across topic and genre.
Visualizing Fuzzy Clusters Using RadViz

Clustering techniques are heuristic processes that typically do not yield one optimal solution. Therefore it is common practice to generate multiple cluster sets and investigate the consistency of the record groupings. Fuzzy clustering essentially achieves the same objective by providing a measure of the extent to which each record belongs to each cluster i.e. the strength of association of each record to each cluster. This paper develops a visualization of fuzzy clustering using RadViz, compares it to a Vectorized RadViz visualization of the results of multiple cluster ensembles and then applies it to a microarray dataset.
Leading Cyberinfrastructure Enterprise: Value Propositions, Stakeholders, and Measurement

“Cyberinfrastructure” or CI as used in this paper describes the digital infrastructure for scientific endeavor. It is at the heart of changing practices in science. The impact of CI spans energy, finance, health, humanities, information, environment, security, transportation, and other core aspects of the human condition. Many defining technologies and practices have roots in CI: the Internet, open source software, cloud computing and “big data” are but a few examples. The leadership of CI enterprises – the organizations that develop and support CI – know the value of CI, but have trouble communicating this value to others. Further, there are operational challenges around attracting, developing and retaining the workforce essential for success; serving an increasingly diverse array of customers and users; and operating in the context of a changing social contract with key sponsors and stakeholders.An NSF-funded workshop was held at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor on February 15-16, 2013. The workshop brought together CI enterprise leaders with organization scientists to discuss the value and operation of CI enterprise in the face of uncertain funding, ongoing change in technology and other factors, “benchmarking” with respect to peers, and similar concerns. Collaboration between CI enterprise leaders and organization scientists has potential, as in the study of the impact of organizational practices on innovation and knowledge creation. However, the interests of these two communities is seldom well aligned (Berente et al 2012). The workshop sought to explore what stakeholders from these communities need and want from collaboration. Improving understanding and communicating of CI’s value was the objective. This report explains what was learned from the workshop, and what might be done to help CI enterprise leaders.
Modeling the pH-mediated extraction of ionizable organic contaminants to improve the quality of municipal sewage sludge destined for land application

A model was developed to assess the impact of adding acids and bases to processed municipal sewage sludge (MSS) to mobilize contaminants, facilitating their removal from sludge by flushing prior to land application. Among 312 organic contaminants documented to occur in U.S. MSS, 71 or 23% were identified as ionizable organic contaminants (IOCs), contributing a disproportionately large fraction of 82% of the total mass of sludge-borne contaminants. Detected IOCs included 57 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, 12 perfluorinated compounds, one surfactant and one pesticide. Annually, about 2000t of IOCs were estimated to be released to U.S. soils via land-application of MSS. A partitioning model developed to assess the impact of pH on hydrophobic sorption revealed that between 36 and 85% of the mass of individual classes of IOCs potentially could be desorbed from MSS via pH adjustment and flushing. Thus, modeling results suggest that a sequential pH treatment [acidic (~pH2) followed by basic (~pH12) treatment] has the potential to reduce the burden of harmful IOCs in MSS applied on U.S. land by up to 40±16t annually. This approach may serve as a cost-effective treatment process that can be implemented easily in existing sludge treatment infrastructure in the U.S. and worldwide, serving to significantly improve the quality of MSS destined for land application.
Wrapping Thick Membranes with Slipping Folds

A novel method of packaging finite-thickness membranes tightly and with high packaging efficiency is presented. This method allows the membrane to be packaged without extension and without plastic creasing. As such, initially flat membranes can be deployed to a flat state. Membrane thickness is accommodated by removing material along fold lines and exploiting the slipping deformation mechanism thus created. Also presented are methods for prestressing and deploying membranes packaged according to this technique. Initial tests demonstrate packaging efficiencies of 73% without plastic deformation. Experimental deployment tests of a meter-scale model showed controlled deployment with unfolding forces of less than 0.6 N.
Registration of Six Degrees of Freedom Data with Proper Handling of Positional and Rotational Noise

When two six degrees of freedom (6DOF) datasets are registered, a transformation is sought that minimizes the misalignment between the two datasets. Commonly, the measure of misalignment is the sum of the positional and rotational components. This measure has a dimensional mismatch between the positional component (unbounded and having length units) and the rotational component (bounded and dimensionless). The mismatch can be formally corrected by dividing the positional component by some scale factor with units of length. However, the scale factor is set arbitrarily and, depending on its value, more or less importance is associated with the positional component relative to the rotational component. This may result in a poorer registration. In this paper, a new method is introduced that uses the same form of bounded, dimensionless measure of misalignment for both components. Numerical simulations with a wide range of variances of positional and rotational noise show that the transformation obtained by this method is very close to ground truth. Additionally, knowledge of the contribution of noise to the misalignment from individual components enables the formulation of a rational method to handle noise in 6DOF data.
Improvement in Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis With the Use of Omegaven in an Infant With Short Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis (PNAC) and liver disease have been associated with soybean oil–based intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs). The benefit of fish oil–based IVFEs in the reversal of parenteral nutrition (PN)–associated liver damage includes allowing for longer PN duration without immediate need for bowel or liver transplantation. Methods: The present case involves an infant born with short bowel syndrome (SBS) requiring long-term PN with development of PNAC and subsequent administration of a fish oil-based IVFE. Results: An infant born with SBS was initiated on PN and enteral feeds. After failed enteral progression, bowel lengthening by serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) resulted in postoperative ileus with delayed enteral feeding for 4 weeks. The administration of long-term PN led to development of PNAC, resulting in initiation of a fish oil–based IVFE. After 4 months, the cholestasis had resolved. Despite the STEP, at 16 months, the child required bowel tapering due t...
The Search for Direct Party Effects

In the first systematic study of congressional voting, A. Lawrence Lowell (1902) reported on the frequency with which 90 percent or more of one party opposed 90 percent or more of the other party on congressional and British House of Commons roll-call votes, finding far more party voting in the House of Commons than in the houses of Congress. Lowell wrote of party influence but was just as likely to more properly refer to the frequency of “party lines.” Indeed, Lowell was quite aware of the limitations of his approach. He noted how rules (such as those affecting the ease of getting roll-call votes or the treatment of public and private bills) might influence his measure of party voting. And he was quite aware that the limited capacities of American electoral parties in formulating a policy program, determining candidates, and controlling incumbents' behavior prevented “government by party” in the United States. Still, Lowell's emphasis was that party influence was stronger in the House of Commons than in the House of Representatives and others followed in his footsteps. Lowell, who graduated from Harvard College in mathematics and then from Harvard Law, joined Harvard's government department in 1897 and became Harvard's president in 1909, the year he also became president of the American Political Science Association. Between 1897 and 1909, he wrote four books (two of them in two volumes). At Harvard, he remains well known for inventing the system of concentrations (majors) and the reading period before exams (Yeomans 1948).
Opacity vs TMS2: Expectations and Reality

Most of the popular Transactional Memory (TM) algorithms are known to be safe because they satisfy opacity, the well-known correctness criterion for TM algorithms. Recently, it has been shown that they are even more conservative, and that they satisfy TMS2, a strictly stronger property than opacity. This paper investigates the theoretical and practical implications of relaxing those algorithms in order to allow histories that are not TMS2. In particular, we present four impossibility results on TM implementations that are not TMS2 and are either opaque or strictly serializable, and one practical TM implementation that extends TL2, a high-performance state-of-the-art TM algorithm, to allow non-TMS2 histories. By matching our theoretical findings with the results of our performance evaluation, we conclude that designing and implementing TM algorithms that are not TMS2, but safe, has inherent costs that limit any possible performance gain.
Efficient Neural Codes under Metabolic Constraints

Neural codes are inevitably shaped by various kinds of biological constraints, \emph{e.g.} noise and metabolic cost. Here we formulate a coding framework which explicitly deals with noise and the metabolic costs associated with the neural representation of information, and analytically derive the optimal neural code for monotonic response functions and arbitrary stimulus distributions. For a single neuron, the theory predicts a family of optimal response functions depending on the metabolic budget and noise characteristics. Interestingly, the well-known histogram equalization solution can be viewed as a special case when metabolic resources are unlimited. For a pair of neurons, our theory suggests that under more severe metabolic constraints, ON-OFF coding is an increasingly more efficient coding scheme compared to ON-ON or OFF-OFF. The advantage could be as large as one-fold, substantially larger than the previous estimation. Some of these predictions could be generalized to the case of large neural populations. In particular, these analytical results may provide a theoretical basis for the predominant segregation into ON- and OFF-cells in early visual processing areas. Overall, we provide a unified framework for optimal neural codes with monotonic tuning curves in the brain, and makes predictions that can be directly tested with physiology experiments.
Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis Using a Single Drop of Thermoresponsive Controlled-Release Microspheres Loaded with Moxifloxacin in a Rabbit Model.

Purpose Postsurgical endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening problem. We introduce a simple approach by using a single application of thermoresponsive controlled-release microspheres, loaded with moxifloxacin, to prevent bacterial endophthalmitis in a rabbit endophthalmitis prevention model. Methods We separated 24 rabbits into 3 treatment groups in which topical drop treatment was placed onto the conjunctival cul-de-sac: (1) a single drop of controlled-release microspheres containing moxifloxacin, (2) a single drop of controlled-release microspheres without moxifloxacin, and (3) multiple topical treatment with moxifloxacin alone every 15 minutes for 1 hour. All rabbits were challenged, 1 hour after microspheres drop placement and immediately after the fifth topical dose of moxifloxacin, with anterior chamber injections of Staphylococcus aureus. Rabbits in the topical moxifloxacin group also were treated after challenge and four additional times over the next 24 hours. After 24 hours, the rabbits were clinically evaluated for endophthalmitis and the animals were euthanized to culture for intraocular S. aureus. The treatment groups were compared statistically for bacterial endophthalmitis. Results No eyes had endophthalmitis, based on clinical presentation and/or positive culture, in the groups with controlled-release microspheres loaded with moxifloxacin (0/8, 0%) or multiple drops of topical moxifloxacin (0/8, 0%). In contrast, 8 of 8 eyes (100%; P = 0.0001), had endophthalmitis among eyes treated with controlled-release microspheres drops without moxifloxacin. Conclusion A single drop of controlled-release microspheres loaded with moxifloxacin was successful in preventing endophthalmitis. Further clinical studies will be required to confirm the full potential of controlled-release anti-infective loaded microspheres to prevent endophthalmitis. Translational relevance This study presents a simple method of prophylaxis to prevent postsurgical endophthalmitis.
Reductively-labile sulfonate ester protecting groups that are rapidly cleaved by physiological glutathione

Sulfonates are frequently used to endow water solubility on hydrophobic molecules, but the repertoire of sulfonate protecting groups remains limited. Here we describe the first sulfonate esters that can be unmasked by the mild reducing conditions found in live mammalian cells. Self-immolative cleavage releases the sulfonate and the two-electron reduction product of a thioquinone methide.
Links among Familial Gender Ideology, Media Portrayal of Women, Dating, and Sexual Behaviors in African American, and Mexican American Adolescent Young Women: A Qualitative Study

Utilizing grounded theory methodology and drawing from sexual script theory as a research lens, we examined familial gender ideologies, media portrayals of Black and Latina women, dating attitudes, and sexual behaviors among 33 low-income early adolescent (aged 11–14) African American and Mexican American young women. Themes revealed divergent experiences for African American and Mexican American young women. In particular, African American participants reported egalitarian familial gender ideologies and sexual objectification of Black women, as well as more open and positive attitudes toward dating and sexuality. In contrast, Mexican American participants reported patriarchal familial gender ideologies and the portrayed mistreatment of Latinas in telenovelas and Spanish language songs, along with cautious attitudes towards dating and sexuality. Additionally, Mexican American participants reported that they censored their communication about sexual matters with their family. Overall, findings suggest that interventions should be tailored accordingly for African American and Mexican American youth. Interventions with African American young women should focus on providing accurate information on safer sexual practices, whereas interventions with Mexican American young women should focus on promoting constructive conceptualizations of gender roles, which could help foster self-efficacy around sexual communication with parents and potential partners.
Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces the Inflammatory Response Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Hearts.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is known to protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. One mechanism of I/R injury includes secondary injury due to the inflammatory cascade. We hypothesized that TH reduces the inflammatory response following I/R injury. Rats were randomized to sham, normothermic, or hypothermic groups and subjected to 1 hour of coronary artery occlusion and 48 hours of reperfusion. Hypothermia was initiated, using the ThermoSuit® device, 2 minutes after the onset of coronary artery occlusion to a core temperature of 32°C, and then the rats were allowed to rewarm. After 48 hours, rats in the hypothermia group demonstrated a preserved left ventricular fractional shortening by echocardiography. TH decreased the inflammatory cytokines in the risk zone of the heart, which included monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression, and altered expression of the remodeling genes of matrix metalloproteinase and tis...
Conversion from Film to Image Plates for Transfer Method Neutron Radiography of Nuclear Fuel

Abstract This paper summarizes efforts to characterize and qualify a computed radiography (CR) system for neutron radiography of irradiated nuclear fuel at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). INL has multiple programs that are actively developing, testing, and evaluating new nuclear fuels. Irradiated fuel experiments are subjected to a number of sequential post-irradiation examination techniques that provide insight into the overall behavior and performance of the fuel. One of the first and most important of these exams is neutron radiography, which provides more comprehensive information about the internal condition of irradiated nuclear fuel than any other non-destructive technique to date. Results from neutron radiography are often the driver for subsequent examinations of the PIE program. Features of interest that can be evaluated using neutron radiography include irradiation-induced swelling, isotopic and fuel-fragment redistribution, plate deformations, and fuel fracturing. The NRAD currently uses the foil-film transfer technique with film for imaging fuel. INL is pursuing multiple efforts to advance its neutron imaging capabilities for evaluating irradiated fuel and other applications, including conversion from film to CR image plates. Neutron CR is the current state-of-the-art for neutron imaging of highly-radioactive objects. Initial neutron radiographs of various types of nuclear fuel indicate that radiographs can be obtained of comparable image quality currently obtained using film. This paper provides neutron radiographs of representative irradiated fuel pins along with neutron radiographs of standards that informed the qualification of the neutron CR system for routine use. Additionally, this paper includes evaluations of some of the CR scanner parameters and their effects on image quality.
Promising Research Directions

Automated web site evaluation methods have many potential benefits, including reducing the costs of non-automated methods, aiding in comparisons between alternative designs, and improving consistency in evaluation results. However, we do not think that the methods have as much influence on web site designs as they could have. For instance, our survey of 169 web practioners revealed that only fifteen percent of them report that they always use such tools in their work practices (see Chapters 1 and 10).
Improvisation in Elementary General Music: A Review of the Literature:

Improvisation is an area of interest to both music education researchers and music educators alike. The purpose of this literature review was to examine extant studies related to improvisation at t...
Learning Theory Foundations of Simulation-Based Mastery Learning.

Summary StatementSimulation-based mastery learning (SBML), like all education interventions, has learning theory foundations. Recognition and comprehension of SBML learning theory foundations are essential for thoughtful education program development, research, and scholarship. We begin with a descr
A spectral approach for discrete dislocation dynamics simulations of nanoindentation

We present a spectral approach to perform nanoindentation simulations using three-dimensional nodal discrete dislocation dynamics. The method relies on a two step approach. First, the contact problem between an indenter of arbitrary shape and an isotropic elastic half-space is solved using a spectral iterative algorithm, and the contact pressure is fully determined on the half-space surface. The contact pressure is then used as a boundary condition of the spectral solver to determine the resulting stress field produced in the simulation volume. In both stages, the mechanical fields are decomposed into Fourier modes and are efficiently computed using fast Fourier transforms. To further improve the computational efficiency, the method is coupled with a subcycling integrator and a special approach is devised to approximate the displacement field associated with surface steps. As a benchmark, the method is used to compute the response of an elastic half-space using different types of indenter. An example of a dislocation dynamics nanoindentation simulation with complex initial microstructure is presented.
Great expectations: a position description for parents as caregivers: Part I.

Parents caring for a child with a chronic condition must attend to a myriad of day-to-day management responsibilities and activities. Part I of this two-part series (in the previous issue of Pediatric Nursing) reviewed both the adult and pediatric family caregiving literature within the context of four major categories of responsibilities: (a) managing the illness, which includes hands-on care, monitoring and interpreting signs and symptoms, as well as problem-solving and decision-making processes; (b) identifying, accessing, and coordinating resources, which involves assessing and negotiating community resources including health care providers; (c) maintaining the family unit, including balancing illness and family demands while at the same time attempting to meet the health and developmental needs of each family member; and (d) maintaining self, including physical, emotional, and spiritual health.. Part II presents a multifaceted list of parent caregiving management responsibilities and associated activities, and discusses nursing implications. The list was developed to facilitate "caregiving" dialogue between health care providers and families of children with chronic conditions. It is hoped that through such partnerships creative ways of educating, preparing, and supporting caregivers will be generated.
Science and the Media

Although science and media have long been perceived as separate realms, recent scholarship has highlighted their mutual dependence. Media play a fundamental role in the creation of scientific knowledge, and at the same time provide a forum in which public debate about science shapes the social matrix in which scientific institutions operate. Scholars have identified a complex web of interaction among different scientific activities and different media with different audiences. Current research in the field explores political and economic interests of science media producers, rhetorical conventions of scientific presentations, and audience responses to science information.
Understanding the Modern Surgical Journal Club.

Objective We sought to perform a comprehensive review of how journal club (JC) is utilized in surgical residencies, including the goals, structure and outcomes of the educational activity, and any changes made since the 2003 implementation of the 80-hour weekly resident duty hour limit. Design A random, representative cohort of 75 of the 266 US general surgery residency programs was identified, and Program Directors were asked to complete an 18-question electronic survey about to the ways in which their program utilizes JC. Setting General surgery residency programs of all types, sizes, and in all geographies. Participants Seventy-five general surgery Program Directors were contacted, 42 of whom (56%) completed the survey. Results Most programs hold JC monthly (60.6%). University programs were more likely than others to hold JC during the evening or other nonprotected time (p = 0.04) and estimated the lowest proportion of residents in attendance (58.3%, p = 0.03). Twenty-one percent of programs indicated changes to JC related to the 80-hour work per week including making meetings less frequent and also optional. While 71.4% of respondents indicated that teaching biostatistics is a goal of JC, over half (57.1%) stated it is slightly or not at all effective at doing so. Conclusions JC is prevalent and, despite being 1 of its main goals, is not effective at teaching residents about biostatistics in its current form. Developing realistic, targeted curricula about biostatistics as adjuncts to current JC activities may help programs achieve these goals more readily.
Label-free identification of neutropenia using deep-ultraviolet microscopy

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) count is employed as an immune status indicator for diagnosis of numerous medical conditions. Currently, assessment of PMNLs (i.e., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) is a part of complete blood count (CBC) that is performed by trained technicians at healthcare centers and involves sample preparation which is costly and time consuming, both of which limits monitoring frequency. A prominent application of PMNL counting is in identification of neutropenia—a condition describing an abnormally low number of neutrophils in the bloodstream (<1500/μL)—common among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Susceptibility to infections in neutropenia patients puts them at an increased risk for medical emergencies, and thus requires constant monitoring of their neutrophil count. Therefore, a portable and easy-to-use, in-home device can potentially circumvent these requirements and enable neutropenia diagnosis. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of accurately identifying PMNL subtypes using deep-ultraviolet (UV) microscopy as label-free molecular imaging technique. Our approach benefits from quantitative endogenous molecular information provided by deep-UV imaging, to enable assessment of different cell types based on their molecular and structural signatures. We show the ability of our system to measure neutrophil count in samples containing a mixture of PMNL subtypes as well as whole blood samples by extracting various features from deep-UV images and performing classification to obtain cell count for each subtype. Finally, we will discuss the potential of this technology to empower cancer patients and improve their quality of life via a simple and relatively inexpensive device for point-of-care neutropenia assessment.
Jet-mixing reactor for the production of monodisperse silver nanoparticles using a reduced amount of capping agent

Commonly used batch reactors for nanomaterial synthesis can be difficult to scale since rapid particle nucleation and growth require efficient mixing to produce monodisperse particle size distributions (PSD). Monodisperse particles can be synthesized through efficiently mixing the reactants in the liquid phase using a jet-mixing reactor. Using common synthesis precursors and concentrations, the jet-mixing reactor produces silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 5 ± 2 nm, as characterized by TEM, and a monomodal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the UV-vis spectrum. In comparison, a batch synthesis using the same concentrations of reactants produces nanoparticles with a diameter of 9 ± 4 nm and a bimodal SPR, indicating that jet-mixing produces a more monodisperse particle size distribution than batch synthesis. For the jet-mixing synthesis, the concentration of the capping agent can be reduced to a value of 0.05 mM while retaining a narrow full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) of the SPR spectrum. Interestingly, decreasing the capping agent quantity from the standard concentration of 0.2 mM to 0.05 mM decreases the FWHM of the SPR, corresponding to a more monodisperse PSD at lower capping agent concentration. This result is attributed to the increased stabilization at lower ion concentrations in the solution. For low capping agent concentrations, additional experiments adding small amounts of sodium nitrate support this observation. Overall, the jet-mixing reactor represents a viable system for the continuous production of size-controlled silver nanoparticles with reduced amounts of capping agent.
On the Tariff Modification for the Future Electric Vehicle Connection to the Grid

In recent years, integration of renewable energy sources to the traditional power system has attracted the attention of researchers as well as industries. Due to the limited availability of renewable energy sources e.g. solar, considering the energy storage system e.g. battery, is a must in this process. Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a major consumer of batteries, have a considerable influence on the power grids. Therefore, smart charging profiles of the electric vehicles as a battery storage system, play a significant role in the residential sector of energy management. Considering the notable share of the residential sector in the electricity demand market along with renewables growth, potential impacts of residential solar and batteries especially EVs on the stability and operation of the power grid should be taken into account. In this paper, we develop an optimization equation to investigate the effect of the electricity tariff on a residential customer's load profile in the presence of an electric vehicle. To simulate the EV trip, an imaginary load profile based on EV consumption rate has been defined. Results show that the customer's load profile is highly affected by the electricity tariff and the algorithm of EV connection to the grid.
Pain in the Pelvis

Chronic pelvic pain is a very common condition. It is underreported, hard to evaluate properly, poorly managed, and hard to treat even if properly diagnosed. It often has a severe negative impact on quality of life, self-worth, and overall wellbeing. The differential diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain is extremely broad and spans several different organ systems and medical specialties. The condition is poorly understood, and no definite treatment is available. There is a strong psychosocial component to this disorder, and the condition is best managed using biopsychosocial model. There are several available medical and interventional therapies available for these patients, all with varying degrees of efficacy. Physical therapy and counseling have also been shown to be beneficial in this patient population. The different interventions and therapies offered are backed by limited data and poor quality of evidence. While chronic pelvic pain is common and has numerous negative consequences, many providers do not have a strong knowledge base on the management of chronic pelvic pain. Further research and a deeper understanding of chronic pelvic pain and the entities that cause it are needed in order to better serve the patients who are afflicted by it.
An analysis of Google Trends following athletic injuries by high profile NBA players during the 2019 NBA finals.

Context Injuries are common among high profile players in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and could provide an opportunity for physicians to provide accurate sports injury information and reliable rehabilitation data to the general public in the immediate aftermath. Objectives To evaluate social media trends to investigate public interest in athletic injuries in the NBA and to evaluate the length of maintained interest in these injuries. Methods The Google Trends tool was used to analyze search data around two high profile players-Kevin Durant and Klay Thompson-who suffered injuries during the 2019 NBA Finals. The results were compared to the expected search forecast derived from an autoregressive integrated moving algorithm model. Results Both players were associated with a mean increase of 1,052.4% (standard deviation [SD], 703.96%) in relative search volumes for terms related to their injuries. This data showed a significant increase in search engine activity related to injuries associated with NBA players in the first 6.13 days (SD, 3.14 days) following the injuries, marking a substantial timeframe for public engagement. Conclusions Search traffic information may be beneficial to the sports medicine community, as social media can provide a platform for patient education in a limited timeframe. By increasing patient awareness and knowledge regarding athletic injuries, social media can expand the pool of potential patients for physicians and surgeons.