cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joining Inner and Outer Approaches to Freedom Meeting the Needs of Developing Communities

Humanistic psychology is distinguished as a discipline that champions freedom, dignity, and positive growth. Based on her case study of a participatory community development project in Guatemala, the author argues that existential-humanistic definitions of freedom and self-determination do and do not speak to the experience of the world’s developing communities and that humanistic psychology’s focus on the existential and experiential aspects of freedom must be balanced with attention to economic, social, and political freedoms. The work of human development theorists Sen and Max-Neef are introduced. The author suggests that through both its theoretical framework and its explorations of the experience of human freedom and oppression, humanistic psychology can make important contributions toward the theoretical approach and practice of participatory community development in the developing world.
Themes from a NASA workshop on gene regulatory processes in development and evolution

A memorable workshop, focused on causal mechanisms in metazoan evolution and sponsored by NASA, was held in early June 1998, at MBL. The workshop was organized by Mike Levine and Eric H. Davidson, and it included the PI and associates from 12 different laboratories, a total of about 30 people. Each laboratory had about two and one half hours in which to represent its recent research and cast up its current ideas for an often intense discussion. In the following we have tried to enunciate some of the major themes that emerged, and to reflect on their implications. The opinions voiced are our own. We would like to tender apologies over those contributions we have not been able to include, but this is not, strictly speaking, a meeting review. Rather we have focused on those topics that bear more directly on evolutionary mechanisms, and have therefore slighted some presentations (including some of our own), that were oriented mainly toward developmental processes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol. ) 285:104-115, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Equine West Nile encephalitis, United States.

immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) was developed. The assay, modeled after an EEE MAC-ELISA, used an inactivated WN virus antigen from neonatal mouse brain (6). Serum samples collected during the 1999 WN virus outbreak were used to validate the assay. Results of experimental challenge of a small number of horses showed that IgM isotype anti-WN virus antibodies became detectable 8-10 days after infection and persisted <2 months in the challenge model (Ostlund et al., unpub. data). Based on sequential samples collected from a few horses in the New York WN virus outbreak in 1999, the decay of IgM antibodies in naturally infected horses appeared to be similar (7). Given the possibility of equine cases of WN encephalitis recurring, a case definition was developed by APHIS Veterinary Services in the spring of 2000. Clinical signs used in the definition were based primarily on the 1999 experience in the United States because descriptions of clinical equine cases of WN encephalitis in other parts of the world were limited (812). To assure comparability and consistency of results, all diagnostic testing referred to in the case definition was required to be performed or confirmed in the same laboratory. Because specimens might originate from multiple states, the laboratory designated to test all specimens was the NVSL. We evaluated diagnostic test results in combination with clinical observations to accurately identify cases of WN encephalitis in horses.
PROMISE: peer-to-peer media streaming using CollectCast

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of PROMISE, a novel peer-to-peer media streaming system encompassing the key functions of peer lookup, peer-based aggregated streaming, and dynamic adaptations to network and peer conditions. Particularly, PROMISE is based on a new application level P2P service called CollectCast. CollectCast performs three main functions: (1) inferring and leveraging the underlying network topology and performance information for the selection of senders; (2) monitoring the status of peers and connections and reacting to peer/connection failure or degradation with low overhead; (3) dynamically switching active senders and standby senders, so that the collective network performance out of the active senders remains satisfactory. Based on both real-world measurement and simulation, we evaluate the performance of PROMISE, and discuss lessons learned from our experience with respect to the practicality and further optimization of PROMISE.
UK-73,093: A non-peptide neurotensin receptor antagonist

Abstract UK-73,093 was identified in a screening program as a compound able to displace [ 3 H]-neurotensin from its bovine brain receptor. We describe the discovery of this compound, species differences in receptor affinity and its characterization as a functional neurotensin antogonist in vitro and in vivo .
CD9 Participates in Endothelial Cell Migration During In Vitro Wound Repair

Abstract —CD9, a widely expressed membrane protein of the tetraspanin family, has been implicated in diverse functions, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and cell motility. We tested the effects of an anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody (ALMA.1) on the migration and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) during repair of an in vitro mechanical wound mimicking angiogenic processes. ALMA.1 induced dose-dependent inhibition of wound repair with a 35±1.5% decrease at 20 μg/mL. Only cell migration was affected, because the rate of proliferation of ECs at the lesion margin was not modified and because the inhibition of repair was also observed for nonproliferating irradiated ECs. Monoclonal antibodies against CD63 tetraspanin (H5C6) and control mouse IgG (MOPC-21) were inactive. CD9, one of the most abundant proteins at the surface of ECs, colocalized with β1 or β3 integrins on EC membranes in double-labeling immunofluorescence experiments with ALMA.1 and an anti-β1 (4B4) or anti-β3 (SDF.3) monoclonal antibody. Moreover, ALMA.1 and 4B4 had additive inhibitory effects on lesion repair, whereas 4B4 alone also inhibited EC proliferation. In transmembrane Boyden-type assays, ALMA.1 induced dose-dependent inhibition of EC migration toward fibronectin and vitronectin with 45±6% and 31±10% inhibition, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. 4B4 inhibited migration toward fibronectin at 10 μg/mL but had no effect in the case of vitronectin. Adhesion of ECs to immobilized anti-CD9 monoclonal antibodies induced tyrosine-phosphorylated protein levels similar to those observed during interactions with β1 or β3 integrins. These results point to the involvement of CD9 in EC adhesion and migration during lesion repair and angiogenesis, probably through cooperation with integrins. As such, CD9 is a potential target to inhibit angiogenesis in metastatic and atherosclerotic processes.
536 Reduced Antithrombotic Therapy as an A Priori Strategy in HM II Recipients: A Word of Caution

Purpose: A high rate of bleeding with a low thromboembolic event was observed in the initial experience with the HM II CF-LVAD using postoperative heparin bridging followed by intention-to-treat triple therapy (ASA 81 mg / Persantine 75 mg TID/ Coumadin to INR 1.5-2.5). Accordingly, we modified our a priori antithrombotic regimen to intention-to-treat dual therapy (ASA 81 mg, Coumadin: INR 1.5 – 2.0) beginning in January 2010. Methods and Materials: Retrospective chart reviews of all patients implanted with their initial HM II devices between January 2010 and September 2011 were completed. Results: Of 80 patients who received their initial HM II as either BTT (n 58) or DT (n 22), 3 (3.7%) pts expired by POD 30. Of the remaining 77 pts, 55 (71%) received dual therapy, 9 Coumadin, 3 ASA, and 9 no therapy on POD 30. Therapy had been modified due to GIB (6 pts), epistaxis (5 pts), ICH (2 pts), embolic CVA (1pt), thrombocytopenia (2), other (6). On POD 180, 48 pts remained on support with 27 (56%) on dual therapy, 11 on Coumadin, 7 on ASA, 3 on no Rx. In total, 15 GIB (12 pts), 5 epistaxis (4 pts), and 2 ICH (2 pts) occurred during a mean support time of 232 days. 15 thrombotic events (8 CVAs after a mean of 47 days and 7 device thromboses after a mean of 165 days) occurred in 13 pts, one of which had a known hypercoaguable disorder. Patients with thrombotic events were younger than those with bleeding events (mean/median 50/53 vs 58/62 yrs). All pts were on dual therapy at the time of thrombotic event with mean/median INR 1.9 / 1.8. Conclusions: Reduced antithrombotic therapy as an a priori approach does not eliminate bleeding complications in HM II recipients. Whether this antithrombotic therapy approach is associated with a higher thrombotic event rate should be investigated in larger populations.
Evolution of gene fusions: horizontal transfer versus independent events

Background Gene fusions can be used as tools for functional prediction and also as evolutionary markers. Fused genes often show a scattered phyletic distribution, which suggests a role for processes other than vertical inheritance in their evolution.
Signal and Modulation Type Detection Using Wavelet Transform

In several communication systems such as tactical communications, cognitive radio and intelligent transceiver designs; signal detection, estimation and classification is an essential integral part of such system. The ability to detect certain types of common signals without apriori information enhances design of such system. In this paper we present a model that is capable of detecting chirp signal, and digitally modulated signals without apriori information using wavelet transform analysis.
Selective quantification of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous function based on the heart rate baroreflex impulse response

We introduce an improved technique for selectively quantifying cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous function based on the identification of the heart rate (HR) baroreflex impulse response from non-invasive cardio-respiratory measurements. We have tested the technique with respect to 24 humans breathing randomly or spontaneously under selective pharmacological autonomic blockade. Our results show that the technique performs much better than traditional HR power spectral indices in terms of predicting the known drug effects and is effective during spontaneous breathing.
/spl theta/-adaptive neural networks: a new approach to parameter estimation

A novel use of neural networks for parameter estimation in nonlinear systems is proposed. The approximating ability of the neural network is used to identify the relation between system variables and parameters of a dynamic system. Two different algorithms, a block estimation method and a recursive estimation method, are proposed. The block estimation method consists of the training of a neural network to approximate the mapping between the system response and the system parameters which in turn is used to identify the parameters of the nonlinear system. In the second method, the neural network is used to determine a recursive algorithm to update the parameter estimate. Both methods are useful for parameter estimation in systems where either the structure of the nonlinearities present are unknown or when the parameters occur nonlinearly. Analytical conditions under which successful estimation can be carried but and several illustrative examples verifying the behavior of the algorithms through simulations are presented.
Singular solitons and numerical analysis of Φ–four equation

Purpose: This paper studies the � -four equation that appears in relativistic quantum mechanics. The primary purpose of this paper is to address the numerical simulations of this model. Methods: The singular soliton solution is also obtained by the ansatz method. Results: The constraint conditions are indicated for the existence of the soliton. Numerical solutions are obtained by using the spectral method where rational Chebyshev functions are used as basis functions. Conclusions: Results are validated by finding error estimates.
Curcumin Inhibits Formation of Amyloid β Oligomers and Fibrils, Binds Plaques, and Reduces Amyloid in Vivo

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulation, oxidative damage, and inflammation, and risk is reduced with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory consumption. The phenolic yellow curry pigment curcumin has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can suppress oxidative damage, inflammation, cognitive deficits, and amyloid accumulation. Since the molecular structure of curcumin suggested potential Abeta binding, we investigated whether its efficacy in AD models could be explained by effects on Abeta aggregation. Under aggregating conditions in vitro, curcumin inhibited aggregation (IC(50) = 0.8 microM) as well as disaggregated fibrillar Abeta40 (IC(50) = 1 microM), indicating favorable stoichiometry for inhibition. Curcumin was a better Abeta40 aggregation inhibitor than ibuprofen and naproxen, and prevented Abeta42 oligomer formation and toxicity between 0.1 and 1.0 microM. Under EM, curcumin decreased dose dependently Abeta fibril formation beginning with 0.125 microM. The effects of curcumin did not depend on Abeta sequence but on fibril-related conformation. AD and Tg2576 mice brain sections incubated with curcumin revealed preferential labeling of amyloid plaques. In vivo studies showed that curcumin injected peripherally into aged Tg mice crossed the blood-brain barrier and bound plaques. When fed to aged Tg2576 mice with advanced amyloid accumulation, curcumin labeled plaques and reduced amyloid levels and plaque burden. Hence, curcumin directly binds small beta-amyloid species to block aggregation and fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that low dose curcumin effectively disaggregates Abeta as well as prevents fibril and oligomer formation, supporting the rationale for curcumin use in clinical trials preventing or treating AD.
Electoral Representation, Zoning Politics, and the Exclusion of Group Homes

This paper examines how ward representation affects zoning policies with respect to group homes that house or care for the mentally retarded, juvenile offenders, recovering alcoholics and/or drug users. The analysis is motivated by an interest representation model that contends that constituency homogeneity should cause elected officials to be attentive to revealed preferences of their constituents. As predicted, ward representation, which enhances constituency homogeneity, is strongly associated with the exclu sion of group homes in municipal zoning ordinances. The median household income of a city, relative to that of its metropolitan area, also has some ex clusionary effect. Other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of communities, which have been the primary focus of prior research on the siting of group homes, have no statistically significant effect in this analysis.
Report of special committee on geophysical and geological study of oceanic basins

As stated in its first report to the fourteenth annual meeting in 1933, the Committee has attempted to promote: (1) The application of geophysical methods to the study of oceanic basins and submerged continental margins, including the modification, perfection and invention of new apparatus and techniques. (2) The application of geophysical methods to the study of oceanic basins and submerged continental margins, including the modification, perfection. and invention of new apparatus and techniques. The discussion and organization of such oceanographic projects as appear to be of particular importance to the advancement of geodesy and geology. It is expected that there will be complete cooperation between this Committee and the recently organized Committee on Geophysical and Geological Study of Continents, and it is to be noted that there are a number of reasons why this cooperation should develop naturally and rapidly, including: (1) The natural desire on the part of geodesists and geologists to make the greatest possible use of geophysicists and geophysical methods. (2) The common desire to procure fundamental geological data concerning the drowned continental margins, especially of North America, where they form the seaward extension of the great structural features commonly referred to as “geosynclines.” (3) The necessity of comparing the composition and structure of the rocks which underlie the oceanic basins and continents. (4) The geological importance of the study of the major island-arcs, including the fore-deeps. (5) The comparative study of contemporaneous and ancient marine sediments.
Emergency Care of Raptors

Raptors may present with a variety of conditions, such as trauma, debilitation, and disease, that necessitate emergency care. Emergency treatment should prioritize stabilization of the patient. Diagnostic testing should be delayed until feasible based on patient status. This article reviews emergency medicine in raptors, including appropriate handling and restraint, hospitalization, triage and patient assessment, sample collection, supportive care, and common emergency presentations.
Movement of cellular ions during stimulation with isoproterenol in simian eccrine clear cells

The ionic mechanism of beta-adrenergic sweating is unknown. In isolated rhesus eccrine secretory coils, K efflux was determined by an extracellular K electrode and cellular monovalent ions by X-ray microanalysis. Isoproterenol (Iso) induced a small (dose-dependent propranolol-inhibitable) K efflux followed by net K reuptake. Similar K response was seen with forskolin, theophylline, or isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX). The net K uptake often exceeded the net K efflux, causing a small net accumulation of K. Bumetanide (BT) and ouabain not only abolished the Iso (with or without IBMX) -induced net K uptake but increased the Iso-induced initial K efflux about threefold. BT and ouabain drastically decreased K and Cl concentrations in the clear cell (by X-ray microanalysis) only in the presence of Iso plus IBMX, suggesting that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) may simultaneously stimulate both KCl efflux (by unknown mechanisms) and K reuptake (presumably by BT-sensitive cotransporters and ouabain-sensitive Na pumps). Thus the cAMP-mediated ion movement is different from the cholinergic mechanism that is characterized by the net KCl loss, cell shrinkage (Saga et al., J. Membr. Biol. 107: 13-24, 1989; Takemura et al., J. Membr. Biol. In press), and no augmentation of methacholine-induced K efflux by BT or ouabain.
Orbit Propagation Using Gauss-Legendre Collocation

This paper discusses the application of Gauss-Legendre collocation for orbit propagation. Previous presentations of collocation propagators for astrodynamics used a xed-step implementation, thereby limiting their eectiveness for eccentric orbits. The presented formulation uses a variable-step implementation, thereby improving its use for scenarios where the necessary time step changes over time. Additionally, a combination of low- and high-delity force models reduce the overall computation time for the integration. The method was compared to other commonly employed integration tools for both two-body and higher-delity propagation. Several design parameters in the variable-step implementation limit the robustness of the method, but comparisons with the common explicit techniques imply some gains may be made with future development. These tests only considered a serial implementation of the Gauss-Legendre propagator, but parallel methods and their implications for computationally ecient orbit propagation are also discussed.
Geological evidence for the Anthropocene—Response

Certini and scalenghe and Lewis and Maslin seem convinced that geoscience must rely heavily on formal stratigraphic nomenclature to move forward. This view likely originates from the centuries-long effort to compile the relative geologic age sequence, which was a monumental achievement, especially given religious and social opposition. The compilation required careful attention to stratigraphic principles such as superposition, index fossils, diachroneity, and facies changes. Over time, the findings became formalized in geologic nomenclature. However, since the mid-1900s, geochemical (radiometric) dating has increasingly overshadowed (although not replaced) those time-honored principles. In my experience, most geoscience papers in recent decades initially refer to geologic nomenclature as a way of providing a familiar frame of reference, but they soon shift focus to the best geochemical dating available. Although my view will displease some geological colleagues, isn't it time to acknowledge that almost all dating of geological sequences now takes place in the “geochemical age” (with a small “a”)? Lewis and Maslin propose that we designate a “Paleoanthropocene” (capital “P”). Should we place its start at the mass extinction of marsupials in Australia near 50,000 years ago? Or should we choose the mass extinction of large mammals in the Americas almost 40,000 years later? Or, if we decide to pick a level during the 10,000 years or more when crops and livestock were being domesticated and agriculture was spreading across the continents, which one time within that long span should we use for a formal designation? Could any choice be satisfying, given that it would have to ignore the rest of the long and rich history of early human influences? In contrast, informal use of these terms (anthropogenic, anthropocene, and paleoanthropocene) would present no such problems or constraints.
MO-FG-206-01: Clinical Trials and the Medical Physicist: Design, Analysis, and Our Role

Physicists are often expected to have a solid grounding in experimental design and statistical analysis, sometimes filling in when biostatisticians or other experts are not available for consultation. Unfortunately, graduate education on these topics is seldom emphasized and few opportunities for continuing education exist. Clinical physicists incorporate new technology and methods into their practice based on published literature. A poor understanding of experimental design and analysis could result in inappropriate use of new techniques. Clinical physicists also improve current practice through quality initiatives that require sound experimental design and analysis. Academic physicists with a poor understanding of design and analysis may produce ambiguous (or misleading) results. This can result in unnecessary rewrites, publication rejection, and experimental redesign (wasting time, money, and effort). This session will provide a practical review of common study designs and statistical tests. Instruction will primarily focus on practical implementation and answer questions such as: when a test/design is typically applied, what information is attained, and when the test/design is typically misapplied (i.e., common pitfalls). Learning Objectives: 1.Understand common experimental designs, what questions they can answer, and how to interpret their results 2.Review basic statistical tests commonly implemented in medical physics 3.Determine where specific statistical tests are appropriate and identify common pitfalls 4.Identify multiple hypothesis testing and how it impacts reported results
Membrane Lipids Speak to Histones

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Ye et al. (2017) use a combination of genetic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches to explore the potential for methionine metabolism to influence signal transduction and gene expression in budding yeast.
Invited commentary: Integrating genomics and social epidemiology-analysis of late-life low socioeconomic status and the conserved transcriptional response to adversity

Socially disadvantaged children face increased morbidity and mortality as they age. Understanding mechanisms through which social disadvantage becomes biologically embedded and devising measurements that can track this embedding are critical priorities for research to address social gradients in health. The analysis by Levine et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(5):503-509) of genome-wide gene expression in a subsample of US Health and Retirement Study participants suggests important new directions for the field. Specifically, findings suggest promise in integrating gene expression data into population studies and provide further evidence for the conserved transcriptional response to adversity as a marker of biological embedding of social disadvantage. The study also highlights methodological issues related to the analysis of gene expression data and social gradients in health and a need to examine the conserved transcriptional response to adversity alongside other proposed measurements of biological embedding. Looking to the future, advances in genome science are opening new opportunities for sociogenomic epidemiology.
Fatigue and crack-growth behavior in a titanium alloy under constant-amplitude and spectrum loading

Abstract A titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V STOA) plate material was provided by the University of Dayton Research Institute from a previous U.S. Air Force high-cycle fatigue study. Fatigue-crack-growth tests on compact, C(T), specimens have been previously performed at Mississippi State University on the same material over a wide range in rates from threshold to near fracture for several load ratios (R = Pmin/Pmax). These tests used the compression pre-cracking method to generate fatigue-crack-growth-rate data in the near-threshold regime. Current load-reduction procedures were found to give elevated thresholds compared to compression pre-cracking methods. A crack-closure model was then used to determine crack-front constraint and a plasticity-corrected effective stress-intensity-factor-range relation over a wide range in rates and load ratios. Some engineering estimates were made for extremely slow rates (small-crack behavior), below the commonly defined threshold rate. Newly-developed single-edge-notch-bend, SEN(B), fatigue specimens were machined from titanium alloy plates. These specimens were fatigue tested at two constant-amplitude load ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.5) and a modified Cold-Turbistan engine spectrum. All of the tests were conducted under laboratory air and room temperature conditions. Calculated fatigue lives from FASTRAN, a fatigue-life-prediction code, using small-crack theory with an equivalent-initial-flaw-size (semi-circular surface flaw) of 9-μm in radius at the center of the semi-circular edge notch fit the constant-amplitude test data fairly well, but under predicted the spectrum loading results by about a factor of 2–3. The reasons for the large under prediction were discussed. Life predictions made with linear-cumulative damage (LCD) calculations agreed fairly well with the spectrum tests.
Tunneling Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Probing Electrochemical Processes at Single Nanoparticles

Electrochemical experiments at individual nanoparticles (NPs) can provide new insights into their structure-activity relationships. By using small nanoelectrodes as tips in a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), we recently imaged individual surface-bound 10-50 nm metal NPs. Herein, we introduce a new mode of SECM operation based on tunneling between the tip and a nanoparticle immobilized on the insulating surface. The obtained current vs. distance curves show the transition from the conventional feedback response to electron tunneling between the tip and the NP at separation distances of less than about 3 nm. In addition to high-resolution imaging of the NP topography, the tunneling mode enables measurement of the heterogeneous kinetics at a single NP without making an ohmic contact with it. The developed method should be useful for studying the effects of nanoparticle size and geometry on electrocatalytic activity in real-world applications.
Role of Gene Transcription in Long-Term Memory Storage

The formation of long-term memories requires the synthesis of new mRNA. Genetic approaches over the past several decades have identified signaling transduction mechanisms and transcription factors that guide this process and genes that have increased expression after learning. The expression patterns of these genes are elucidating systems- and network-level questions about learning and memory. Recent studies suggest that the epigenetic modifications that regulate transcription are critical for memory storage. Thus, genetic studies have demonstrated that memory formation requires molecular processes that regulate neuronal transcription after learning and suggest that the epigenetic modifications may store information that guides behavior.
Logic-Based Comparative Study

The subclass of logic-based compatibility measures built using inverse truth functional modification produces a fuzzy truth value that indicates the truth of one proposition given another. To obtain a compatibility measure requires the transformation of the fuzzy truth value into a scalar value. With the preceding interpretation of the fuzzy set produced truth functional modification, either the domain attribute fuzzy set or the evidential fuzzy set could be the reference. Consequently, two separate logic compatibility measures are tested, one with the evidence as the reference L Evid/sup and the other with the domain as the reference L Attr/sup . If the nonreference fuzzy set has multiple elements with maximal membership value, the supremum of the membership degrees of these elements in the reference fuzzy set is used to obtain the scalar compatibility measure.
Order Semantics of Data Types

Work initiated by D. S. Scott and C. Strachey in the 1960s, and contributed to by many up to the present writing, yields a framework for program semantics in which every data type is a domain and every computed function is continuous. We provide a critique of these basic assumptions in Section 1, but then proceed to develop an introduction to this theory of ordered semantics in the remaining sections.
Vertebrobasiläre Ischämie als Komplikation der Arteriitis temporalis

Zerebrale Symptome konnen beim Befall groser hirnversorgender Arterien durch die Arteriitis temporalis (AT) auftreten. Der rechtzeitige Beginn einer adaquat dosierten Steroidtherapie kann Komplikationen verhindern. Untersucht wurden Haufigkeit und Schweregrad der vertebrobasilaren Ischamie (VBI) und ihre Beziehung zu strukturellen Anomalien der Arteria vertebralis (AV). Klinische und Ultraschallbefunde von 91 stationaren Patienten, welche die Diagnose einer AT nach Standardkriterien erhielten, wurden analysiert. Im Vergleich zu neuroophthalmologischen Komplikationen mit einer Rate von 27,5% war die Rate von VBI mit 4,4% niedrig. Bei 3 Patienten entwickelten sich transitorische ischamische Attacken, in einem Fall ein Hirninfarkt. Die Ultraschalldiagnostik zeigte einen ausgedehnten obstruktiven Prozess der extraduralen AV mit hypoechogener konzentrischer Wandverdickung. Derartige Veranderungen wurden jeweils auch an der Arteria temporalis superficialis gefunden. Bei alteren Menschen mit VBI muss ursachlich eine AT der AV in Betracht gezogen werden. Mittels hochauflosender Ultraschallsysteme kann die Verdachtsdiagnose in typischen Fallen atraumatisch schnell gestellt werden.
The Impact of Leakages on 401(K) Accumulations at Retirement Age

The simulation results for this testimony suggest that, assuming no participant behavior change for participation, contribution or asset allocation resulting from reduced access to 401(k) balances, retirement balances from 401(k) plans, and IRA rollovers originating in 401(k) plans, may be increased substantially for young employees with thirty or more years of eligibility if cashouts at job turnover, hardship withdrawals (and the accompanying suspension of contributions) and plan loan defaults were substantially reduced or eliminated. However, this analysis needs to be accompanied by a very strong caveat that, prior to policy making, there are clear data gaps that will need to be filled. For example, Holden and VanDerhei (2001) found that participants in plans with a loan option have higher contribution rates than those without such access, cet. par. It is likely that a similar relationship exists with respect to the availability of hardship withdrawals. The potential reduction in participation and contribution rates from reducing or eliminating access to cashouts at job change would likely be even greater; however, since this is not a plan design variable that be controlled by the plan sponsor, there is no way to quantify the likely impact based on historical data.
Solid—solid phase transitions determination by differential scanning calorimetry: Part II. Octahedral substances

Abstract Although the plastic crystal phenomenon has been observed by others in such tetrahedral substances as neopentane, pentaerythrityl fluoride, tertiary butyl halides, and pentaerythritol, we have found that with few exceptions the property can be observed in compounds CR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 , where R's are methyl, methylol, amino, and carboxy. Larger groups, such as ethyl, bromomethyl, iodomethyl, carboxymethyl, etc . inhibit the solid—solid transition. New enthalpy of transition data are presented for 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. In all of these substances, the entropy of fusion is approximately equal to the communal entropy. Transition entropies, however, reflect new reorientation possibilities, often considered a property of the liquid state, but which have been demonstrated by others with the use of n.m.r. and dielectric studies to also be a property of the mesocrystalline phase. Because of the many reorientation possibilities in these substances, transition entropies may be very high, and on the basis of these data and data in the literature the following order of the contribution of various groups can be established: Owing to the low enthalpies of fusion, traces of impurities can often significantly lower and broaden the fusion temperature, but the transition temperatures are less affected, are often very sharp, and more readily characterized the substance.
Using reflection and transmission coefficients to retrieve surface parameters for an anisotropic metascreen: With a discussion on conversion between TE and TM polarizations

In recent work, we derived generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for electromagnetic fields at the surface of a metascreen (a metasurface with a “fishnet” structure, i.e., a periodic array of arbitrary spaced apertures in a relatively impenetrable surface). The effective electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities and surface porosities that appear explicitly in the GSTCs are uniquely defined and as such serve as the physical quantities that most appropriately characterize the metascreen. These surface parameters are related to the geometry of the apertures that constitute the metascreen and can exhibit anisotropic properties if this geometry is sufficiently asymmetric. These anisotropic properties can result in mode conversion between transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations when a plane-wave is incident onto a metascreen. Here, we use these GSTCs to derive the plane-wave reflection ( R) and transmission ( T) coefficients of an anisotropic metascreen, in which the coupling between TE and TM polarizations is illustrated. These expressions for R and T are used to develop a retrieval approach for determining the uniquely defined effective surface susceptibilities and surface porosities that characterize the metascreen from measured or simulated data. We present an example of a metascreen whose apertures are filled with a high-contrast dielectric, which shows interesting resonances at frequencies where no resonances exist when the apertures are not filled.In recent work, we derived generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for electromagnetic fields at the surface of a metascreen (a metasurface with a “fishnet” structure, i.e., a periodic array of arbitrary spaced apertures in a relatively impenetrable surface). The effective electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities and surface porosities that appear explicitly in the GSTCs are uniquely defined and as such serve as the physical quantities that most appropriately characterize the metascreen. These surface parameters are related to the geometry of the apertures that constitute the metascreen and can exhibit anisotropic properties if this geometry is sufficiently asymmetric. These anisotropic properties can result in mode conversion between transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations when a plane-wave is incident onto a metascreen. Here, we use these GSTCs to derive the plane-wave reflection ( R) and transmission ( T) coefficients of an anisotropic metascreen, in which th...
Beyond Economics in Pay for Performance

This Article argues that while much of the intellectual energy has focused on the economics of executive pay, the challenge of executive compensation is as much a challenge of human behavior as it is one of economics. The raison d‘etre of pay for performance (“PFP”) is to motivate executives to make decisions that are in the best interest of their firm and its shareholders. Attention to the relevant individual, situational, cultural, and institutional dynamics (what I term behavioral dynamics) that affect how executives are motivated and how they value future rewards is critical for the sustainability of PFP as a model of compensation design. Drawing on salient research in the cognitive science and decisionmaking literature, the Article invites consideration on how relevant behavioral dynamics could affect our assessment of PFP as a motivational tool. The Article concludes by suggesting five potential ways to incorporate behavioral dynamics into compensation policy and design. * Associate Professor of Law, New York Law School; J.D. Harvard Law School, 2000. I would like to thank Professor Lynn Stout for the conversation that inspired this piece two years ago. Special thanks to my colleagues at New York Law School for their helpful comments and insights, in particular, Elizabeth Chambliss, Steven Ellmann, Kris Franklin, Dan Hunter, Gerald Korngold, Frank Munger, David Schoenbrod, and Bill Wang. I am also deeply grateful to my research assistants, Lauren Luptak and Eberle Schultz, for their insights and help. All errors, of course, are
A growth-defense trade-off is general across native and exotic grasses.

High-resource environments typically favor quick-growing, poorly defended plants, while resource-poor environments typically favor slow-growing, well-defended plants. The prevailing hypothesis explaining this pattern states that, as resource availability increases, well-defended, slow-growing species are replaced by poorly defended, fast-growing species. A second hypothesis states that greater resource availability increases allocation to growth at the expense of defense, within species. Regardless of mechanism, if exotic species are released from enemies relative to natives, shifts in allocation to growth and defense both within and among species could differ by geographic provenance. To test whether resource availability alters growth or defense, within and among species, and whether any such effects differ between natives and exotics, we manipulated soil nutrient supply and access of aboveground insect herbivores and fungal pathogens under field conditions to individuals of six native and six exotic grass species that co-occurred in a North Carolina old field. The prevailing hypothesis’ prediction—that species-level enemy impact increases with species’ nutrient responsiveness—was confirmed. Moreover, this relationship did not differ between native and exotic species. The second hypothesis’ prediction—that individual-level enemy impact increases with nutrient supply, after accounting for species-level variation in performance—was not supported. Together, these results support the idea, across native and exotic species, that plant species turnover is the primary mechanism underlying effects of nutrient enrichment on allocation to growth and defense in plant communities.
The Temporoparietal Fascia Flap is an Effective Strategy for Cochlear Implant Wound Coverage.

Objective:To report the rate of major soft tissue complications after cochlear implantation and to describe the use of the temporoparietal fascia (TPF) flap for such complications.Study Design:Retr...
The One-State Solution to Teaching Criminal Law, or, Leaving the Common Law and the MPC Behind

How should criminal law be taught to first-year law students? Professors preparing their classes for the first time, and even veterans of many semesters of criminal law, find themselves facing a dilemma. On the one hand, the common law is no longer good - law in nearly every state; it has been superseded by statute. Even states that leave a large role for the common law usually have a combination of common law and statutory law or strongly limit the scope of the common law. On the other hand, there is no uniform code that actually exists as law in all fifty states. While the Model Penal Code (MPC) may serve as a useful stand-in for such a uniform law, few, if any, states have adopted the MPC in its entirety, and most have rung interesting changes on it, accepting some parts and rejecting or modifying others.The way out of the muddle, I suggest, is to focus on one state‘s criminal code and to read cases from that state interpreting its statutes. Using this approach, students are exposed to a consistent and actual existing body of law to master - not one state‘s law for one case, another state‘s law for the next, and a discussion about a proposed set of laws (the MPC) and its commentary. Although this approach may raise some objections, my argument will be that it is a sound approach to teaching first year criminal law and that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. It represents, in short, a more than satisfactory answer to the dilemma of what law to teach. If criminal law is for the most part statutory law, why not expose students early and often to actual statutes? And why not have the statutes be from the state in which they are actually studying and in which many will go on to practice?
Fast estimation of multivariate spatiotemporal Hawkes processes and network reconstruction

We present a fast, accurate estimation method for multivariate Hawkes self-exciting point processes widely used in seismology, criminology, finance and other areas. There are two major ingredients. The first is an analytic derivation of exact maximum likelihood estimates of the nonparametric triggering density. We develop this for the multivariate case and add regularization to improve stability and robustness. The second is a moment-based method for the background rate and triggering matrix estimation, which is extended here for the spatiotemporal case. Our method combines them together in an efficient way, and we prove the consistency of this new approach. Extensive numerical experiments, with synthetic data and real-world social network data, show that our method improves the accuracy, scalability and computational efficiency of prevailing estimation approaches. Moreover, it greatly boosts the performance of Hawkes process-based models on social network reconstruction and helps to understand the spatiotemporal triggering dynamics over social media.
Intelligent Mirai Malware Detection in IoT Devices

The advancement in recent IoT devices has led to catastrophic attacks on the devices by breaching user's privacy and exhausting the resources in organizations, which costs users and organizations time and money. One such malware which has been extremely harmful is Mirai, which has created worldwide recognition by impacting the digital world. There are several ways to mitigate Mirai, but Machine Learning-based approach has proved to be accurate and reliable in averting the malware. In this paper, a novel approach to detecting Mirai using Machine Learning Algorithm is proposed and implemented in Matlab 2018b. To evaluate the proposed approach, Mirai and Benign datasets are considered and training is performed on the dataset using Artificial Neural Network, which provides consistent results of Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F-1 score which are found to be considered accurate and reliable as the best performance was achieved with an accuracy of 92.9% and False Negative rate of 0.3, which is efficient in detecting the Mirai and is similar to the Anomaly-based Malware Detection in terms of Metrics.
Endourological management of a rare radiopaque ritonavir-composed urinary calculus

Protease inhibitors are a source of nephrolithiasis in HIV + patients, and these stones are described as not detected by CT. While urinary stones are commonly associated with certain protease inhibitors, stones composed of ritonavir are rare. We present the case of a 58-year-old female on ritonavir-boosted atazanavir who presented to our clinic complaining of gross hematuria and flank pain secondary to a ureteral stone. Surgical removal revealed the stone to be composed of 100% ritonavir with no usual urinary stone components. This is the first report of an HIV medicine stone being detectable by CT scan described as 100% ritonavir.
The Structure and Performance of U.S. Research Joint Ventures: Inferences and Implications from the Advanced Technology Program

Research Joint Ventures (RJVs) are projects that combine the research resources of different firms. A sample of RJVs supported by the U.S. Advanced Technology Program shows that the projects yield revenues that are far less than costs. Related to this point, the RJVs are subject to commercialization delays, loss of intellectual property, and product market competition. Partner firms undertake joint research, but if they commercialize at all, they do so separately, to avoid splitting of revenues from new products. Ultimately, difficulties with the RJVs occur because frequently, firms are potential competitors.
SV40 Tumor Antigen

The concept of immunosurveillance is nowhere as readily demonstrated as in the SV40 tumor system. The age-related resistance to tumor induction by SV40, abrogation of that resistance by thymectomy and x irradiation, immunological intervention during the latent period resulting in the abrogation of virus carcinogenesis, high rate of spontaneous regression of primary SV40 tumors in the host, prevention of SV40 tumor transplantation in the preimmunized host, and involvement of thymus derived lymphocytes in the immunologically mediated rejection of SV40 tumor cells are all indicative of the fact that SV40-tranformed cells derived either SV40-induced tumors or, transformed in vitro, possess strong antigens at the cell surface. In this article, we will review the nature and viral origin of the transplantation rejection antigen and will discuss evidence that the protein involved in the initiation and maintenance of transformation by SV40 tumor or T antigen also provides a target for the cellular immune response by virtue of its location at the surface of SV40-transformed cells.
Impact of vitamin A supplementation in low birth weight piglets similar to healthy weight piglets (645.17)

Current vitamin A supplementation methods for infants in vitamin A-deficient populations have no specific dosing recommendations regarding birth weight. A proposed intervention is to administer 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate to newborn infants to reduce mortality risk. To investigate birth weight effects, low birth weight (LBW) piglets (1.5 kg) from vitamin A-depleted sows were dosed with either 25,000 or 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate at birth to compare liver vitamin A reserves and overall vitamin A status. Blood collection occurred at varying time points after dose and piglets were killed at 12 and 24 h for organ and serum collection. Serum, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, adrenals, and intestinal contents were collected and analyzed for vitamin A using HPLC methods. Both healthy weight and LBW piglets had significantly higher liver and kidney vitamin A concentrations than control piglets that received no dose (P = 0.0061 and <0.0001, respectively), but no significant differences between dose, weight, or time...