cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional specialization within the Fur family of metalloregulators

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein, as originally described in Escherichia coli, is an iron-sensing repressor that controls the expression of genes for siderophore biosynthesis and iron transport. Although Fur is commonly thought of as a metal-dependent repressor, Fur also activates the expression of many genes by either indirect or direct mechanisms. In the best studied model systems, Fur functions as a global regulator of iron homeostasis controlling both the induction of iron uptake functions (under iron limitation) and the expression of iron storage proteins and iron-utilizing enzymes (under iron sufficiency). We now appreciate that there is a tremendous diversity in metal selectivity and biological function within the Fur family which includes sensors of iron (Fur), zinc (Zur), manganese (Mur), and nickel (Nur). Despite numerous studies, the mechanism of metal ion sensing by Fur family proteins is still controversial. Other family members use metal catalyzed oxidation reactions to sense peroxide-stress (PerR) or the availability of heme (Irr).
Serial Angiography of the Crus Penis of the Goat During Erection

Sexually mature male goats were used to study the hemodynamics of penile erection. Contrast medium was injected into the internal pudendal artery and serial angiographs of the erection, and detumescence phases of the erection cycle. The flow of contrast medium injected after erection by electrostimulation was blocked at the caudal edge of the ischiai arch just proximal to the origin of the deep arteries of the penis. It is suggested that the major valvular mechanism that makes the corpus cavernosum penis a closed system during erection is a mechanical compression cf the internal pudendal arteries, deep arteries of the penis external to or within the tunica albuginea 0! the crus, and veins against the ischium by contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscles.
A Matrix-Based Approach to Global Locality Optimization

Global locality optimization is a technique for improving the cache performance of a sequence of loop nests through a combination of loop and data layout transformations. Pure loop transformations are restricted by data dependencies and may not be very successful in optimizing imperfectly nested loops and explicitly parallelized programs. Although pure data transformations are not constrained by data dependencies, the impact of a data transformation on an array might be program-wide; that is, it can affect all the references to that array in all the loop nests. Therefore, in this paper we argue for an integrated approach that employs both loop and data transformations. The method enjoys the advantages of most of the previous techniques for enhancing locality and is efficient. In our approach, the loop nests in a program are processed one by one and the data layout constraints obtained from one nest are propagated for optimizing the remaining loop nests. We show a simple and effective matrix-based framework to implement this process. The search space that we consider for possible loop transformations can be represented by general nonsingular linear transformation matrices and the data layouts that we consider are those that can be expressed using hyperplanes. Experiments with several floating-point programs on an 8-processor SGI Origin 2000 distributed-shared-memory machine demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
A weighted average likelihood ratio test for spatial clustering of disease.

We consider methods proposed for detecting localized spatial clustering. We propose a new test statistic, the weighted average likelihood ratio test, as an alternative to the spatial scan (maximum likelihood ratio) test statistic. Two different types of weights are considered. We propose an unbiased cluster selection criterion and evaluate the bias of the tests through simulation. We also examine the power of the tests through simulations and apply the methods to the well-known New York leukaemia data.
Visual system maldevelopment disrupts extraocular muscle-specific myosin expression

The genetic and epigenetic influences that are responsible for the establishment and maintenance of the unique phenotype of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) are poorly understood. A role for visual cues in shaping EOM maturation was assessed in rats by using two visual deprivation paradigms, dark rearing and monocular deprivation. Isoforms of the contractile protein myosin heavy chain (MHC) were used as an index of phenotypic change in developing and adult EOMs after these visual insults. In rats that were dark reared during the visual critical period, the proportion of EOM fibers expressing either fast or slow MHCs was decreased significantly. EOM-specific myosin was also sensitive to dark rearing during the critical period, as evidenced by a significant decrease in its mRNA in EOMs from these rats. EOM-specific MHC did not change in either dark-reared rats returned to normally illuminated conditions or in adult rats denied visual experience for a similar time period. These data suggest that there may be a critical period during development when alterations in visual activity have significant consequences for the eye muscle phenotype. In contrast to dark rearing, monocular deprivation had a minimal effect on expression of the typical myosin isoforms and no effect on EOM-specific myosin expression. Collectively, these data confirm the hypothesis that visual input to the oculomotor system during development modulates EOM-specific MHC expression.
Reaching Men: Strategies for Preventing Sexist Attitudes, Behaviors, and Violence, by Funk, R. E.

All men have been affected by violence to varying degrees. If not victims of physical violence themselves, men are affected peripherally by violence. Men have loved ones who are victims of violence...
High muscle blood flows are not attenuated by recruitment of additional muscle mass.

Recent studies have demonstrated that single-leg knee extensor (KE) exercise elicits high mass-specific blood flow (Q) which, if incremented toward maximum, in the presence of additional muscle rec...
Theme Park Bibles: Trinity Broadcasting Network's Holy Land Experience and the Evangelical Use of the Documentary Past

Trinity Broadcasting Network's (TBN) Holy Land Experience (HLE) is a bible-themed amusement park in Orlando, Florida, that also is home to one of the world's largest collections of biblical antiquities. This article contributes to the efflorescence of scholarship on biblical geographies by considering what it means to encounter an old bible in an unconventional place. Using HLE's theatrical presentation of its bible collection as a case in point, I show how ancient and pre-modern material bibles are recruited to serve as authorizing agents of televised evangelism. Specifically, I argue that the theme park grafts TBN into the lineage of the Bible and, in doing so, enacts a fundamental revision to the definition of “biblical literacy.”
Dispersal in a Population of Desert Rodents

Dispersal of two species of kangroo rats and two species of pocket mice in the Mojave Desert was examined by live-trapping intensively an 8-ha (20- acre) area, and by setting rows of live-traps at 152-m (500 ft) intervals out to 914 m (3000 ft) from the area. Dispersal distances of Perognathus formosus were arranged in a frequency distribution. Dispersal appears to be nonrandom. There were too many moves to great distances and too few to intermediate distances for dispersal to be considered random. The results support the hypothesis that some members of the population have an instinct to disperse, and that their moves are long distance ones. Both young and old animals made dispersal movements, some more than once. We estimate 25 to 30% of the P. fornwsus made dispersal movements during the period of 1 year. Kangaroo rats wander during the non- breeding season, but our sampling was not adequate to evaluate dispersal of these rodents.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanowires on Kevlar using ALD and Sputtered ZnO Seed Layers

Low temperature hydrothermal methods allow for growth of nanowires on novel substrates. We examine the impact of variations in chemical concentration, time, temperature, and seed layer on nanowire (NW) growth and crystallite formation. The majority of growth (NWs and crystallites) was found to occur within the first two hours. Lower Zn(NO3)2 concentrations produced a reduction in the undesired large crystallites, whereas hexamethylene tetramine (HMT) concentration did not largely impact crystallite density or nanowire morphology. Growth temperature appeared to impact NW diameter variation. Nanowires grow only on the ZnO seed layer and crystallites seem to attach preferentially to the bare Kevlar surface.
Identification of host genes leading to West Nile virus encephalitis in mice brain using RNA-seq analysis

Differential host responses may be critical determinants of distinct pathologies of West Nile virus (WNV) NY99 (pathogenic) and WNV Eg101 (non-pathogenic) strains. We employed RNA-seq technology to analyze global differential gene expression in WNV-infected mice brain and to identify the host cellular factors leading to lethal encephalitis. We identified 1,400 and 278 transcripts, which were differentially expressed after WNV NY99 and WNV Eg101 infections, respectively, and 147 genes were common to infection with both the viruses. Genes that were up-regulated in infection with both the viruses were mainly associated with interferon signaling. Genes associated with inflammation and cell death/apoptosis were only expressed after WNV NY99 infection. We demonstrate that differences in the activation of key pattern recognition receptors resulted in the induction of unique innate immune profiles, which corresponded with the induction of interferon and inflammatory responses. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that after WNV NY99 infection, TREM-1 mediated activation of toll-like receptors leads to the high inflammatory response. In conclusion, we have identified both common and specific responses to WNV NY99 and WNV Eg101 infections as well as genes linked to potential resistance to infection that may be targets for therapeutics.
John Donne’s “Hymne to God my God, in my Sicknesse” and Prevenient Proximity

Most critics have read this poem as assured and irenic. Studying its deictics, however, reveals significant though often subterranean unease about salvation. In registering that response, the poem also encourages further explorations of how deixis, generally discussed only in terms of secular texts, distinctively inflects devotional poetry.
Implementing nutritional therapy in the thermally injured patient.

The nutritional aspect of burn patient care has become a vital component in the management of the severely burned patient. Nutritional support is a multidisciplinary endeavor in which professional nurses play an important role. Interventions by critical care nurses who possess knowledge and understanding of the essentials of nutritional science have significant impact on the successful implementation of dietary regimens in the burn-injured patient.
Dopamine signaling promotes the xenobiotic stress response and protein homeostasis

Abstract Multicellular organisms encounter environmental conditions that adversely affect protein homeostasis (proteostasis), including extreme temperatures, toxins, and pathogens. It is unclear how they use sensory signaling to detect adverse conditions and then activate stress response pathways so as to offset potential damage. Here, we show that dopaminergic mechanosensory neurons in C. elegans release the neurohormone dopamine to promote proteostasis in epithelia. Signaling through the DA receptor DOP‐1 activates the expression of xenobiotic stress response genes involved in pathogenic resistance and toxin removal, and these genes are required for the removal of unstable proteins in epithelia. Exposure to a bacterial pathogen ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) results in elevated removal of unstable proteins in epithelia, and this enhancement requires DA signaling. In the absence of DA signaling, nematodes show increased sensitivity to pathogenic bacteria and heat‐shock stress. Our results suggest that dopaminergic sensory neurons, in addition to slowing down locomotion upon sensing a potential bacterial feeding source, also signal to frontline epithelia to activate the xenobiotic stress response so as to maintain proteostasis and prepare for possible infection.
Improved Practical Matrix Sketching with Guarantees

Matrices have become essential data representations for many large-scale problems in data analytics, and hence matrix sketching is a critical task. Although much research has focused on improving the error/size tradeoff under various sketching paradigms, we find a simple heuristic iSVD, with no guarantees, tends to outperform all known approaches. In this paper we adapt the best performing guaranteed algorithm, FrequentDirections, in a way that preserves the guarantees, and nearly matches iSVD in practice. We also demonstrate an adversarial dataset for which iSVD performs quite poorly, but our new technique has almost no error. Finally, we provide easy replication of our studies on APT, a new testbed which makes available not only code and datasets, but also a computing platform with fixed environmental settings.
Theoretical explanation for models predicting number of parties in presidential systems

Our task here is to achieve models for predicting the number of parties in a political system according to various institutional features. As mentioned in Chapter 10, the most important of these features has for some time now been recognized to be district magnitude, M . Additionally, according to the reasoning regarding Duverger's rule, also discussed near the beginning of Chapter 11, presidential systems might be expected to be different from parliamentary systems in their number of parties, for a given magnitude. That this should be so, at least for those presidential systems employing concurrent elections and plurality rule for the presidency, was foreshad-owed by Table 10.2, in which nationwide values of effective number of parties ( N ) are given. Our task here is to go beyond the purely empirical observations of Chapter 10 and seek theoretical explanation. This discussion builds upon Taagepera and Shugart (1992a, b), in which are developed general models of the relation between magnitude and number of parties. By general models, we mean models for the simplest of general cases, that is, primarily parliamentary systems. When we add to the PR assembly electoral system the complexity of a concurrently elected presidency using plurality rule, it is necessary to make further assumptions in the model. Some of this material has already been discussed in Chapter 11, but the discussion here is more technical.
The Challenge of Maintaining a Healthy Microbiome during Long-Duration Space Missions

Astronauts will face a host of challenges on long-duration space missions like a human expedition to Mars, including the difficulty of maintaining a balanced and healthy microbiome. The human microbiome is the collection of all microorganisms residing in and on a human host, and it plays an essential role in keeping humans healthy. However, imbalances in the microbiome have also been linked to many human diseases. Space travel has been shown to alter the microbiome of astronauts in ways that are not yet completely understood. Here we review past and current microbiology and microbiome research with the aim of determining the extent of change to the human microbiome caused by space travel and implications for astronaut health. We also address several challenges that will need to be overcome in order to facilitate long-duration human exploration missions. These challenges include maintaining environmental conditions that favor healthy microbiomes, controlling the microbial organisms astronauts are exposed to, the impact of galactic cosmic radiation on the microbiome, and medical interventions that can potentially damage the microbiome.
Designer shocks for carving out microscale surface morphologies

Shockwaves are propagating disturbances with a long history of study in gas dynamics, fluid dynamics, and astrophysics. We also see examples of shocks in everyday life such as a traffic jam, in which the oncoming traffic has much lower density than the cars within the traffic jam.
A Modeling Study of the Effects of Vocal Tract Movement Duration and Magnitude on the F2 Trajectory in CV Words

Purpose This study used a computational vocal tract model to investigate the relationship of diphthong duration and vocal tract movement magnitude to measures of the F2 trajectory in CV words. Meth...
Introduction to Thinking Skills for the Digital Generation

We think during every moment of our waking time, with or without being aware of it. Ever since the “Golden Era” of human civilization around the fifth and the sixth century BCE, eastern and western scholars have thought about thinking. Initially, the primary purpose of thinking was to deal with the details of everyday living. As social beings, humans also wanted to communicate their thoughts to others. At that early period, communication had two purposes. One was to communicate information. The other was to influence others’ thinking and actions. These two purposes are still the primary goals of communication. But, in both cases, thoughts come before communication. The human brain, with the use of language, is our means to thinking. Previous discussions have approached thinking with attention to two components, the rational and emotional. But, in the current Age of Information Technology, we must also consider the role of technology in our thinking.
Clinical correlates of memory problems in middle-aged adult-onset cancer survivors in the United States: A national cross-sectional study.

e20588 Background: Cancer and its treatments can deleteriously impact cognitive functioning in cancer patients and survivors. The etiology of cancer/treatment-related memory problems is generally attributed to various genetics, biological, and psychosocial factors. The present study assessed clinical predictors of self-reported memory problems (SRMP). Methods: We analyzed data from 160 adult cancer survivors, aged 41-64 years, who completed the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants with a history of brain tumor/stroke were excluded since these conditions generally cause direct brain insults/cognitive impairments. Clinical variables assessed obesity (body mass index evaluated [1] continuously or [2] dichotomized at 30kg/m2), hypertension ([1] previous diagnosis and/or current treatment for hypertension and [2] measured blood pressure >140/90mmHg), high cholesterol ([1] previous diagnosis and/or current treatment for high lipids and [2] serum cholesterol, assessed continuo...
Examining the effect of affect on life satisfaction judgments: A within-person perspective

Abstract While extant studies have examined between-person relationships between life satisfaction and current affect, the nature of this relationship is fundamentally a within-person question. We define this effect of affect on life satisfaction as the proportion of total variance in life satisfaction explained by changes in affect over time. In a study of life satisfaction judgments (N = 92 with 353 assessments), we found that the effect of current affect on life satisfaction was relatively inconsequential.
Uncertainty Shocks and Balance Sheet Recessions

This paper investigates the origin and propagation of balance sheet recessions. I first show that in standard models driven by TFP shocks, the balance sheet channel disappears when agents can write contracts on the aggregate state of the economy. Optimal contracts sever the link between leverage and aggregate risk sharing, eliminating the concentration of aggregate risk that drives balance sheet recessions. I then show that uncertainty shocks can help explain this concentration of aggregate risk and drive balance sheet recessions, even with contracts on aggregate shocks. The mechanism is quantitatively important, and I explore implications for financial regulation.
Phase agile BST-loaded dual resonance reflectarray design at Ka-Band

In this paper, a K a -band tunable dual resonance reflectarray element, its design methodology, limitations, and design tradeoffs are presented. Tunability is achieved by loading the antenna element with Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film. The effects of limited frequency tuning, coupling conditions, and inherent loss is investigated using full-wave simulations. A unit cell design demonstrating an overall phase range of 360o and an average loss of 8.25 dB at 30.97 GHz is realized.
Disposition of [14C]hydroquinone in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice: species and route comparison.

1. Hydroquinone (HQ) is present in some foods and has varied industrial, medical and consumer uses. These studies were undertaken to investigate the disposition of HQ in rats and mice following gav...
Evaluating quality of life of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors using the pediatric quality of life inventory survey

Abstract Purpose This study assesses the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) associated morbidities on long-term quality of life (QOL) outcomes. Methods A single center, retrospective review of neonatal and pediatric non-cardiac ECMO survivors from 1/2005–7/2016 was performed. The 2012 Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) survey was administered. Clinical outcomes and QOL scores between groups were compared. Results Of 74 patients eligible, 64% (35 NICU, 12 PICU) completed the survey. Mean time since ECMO was 5.5±3years. ECMO duration for venoarterial (VA) and venovenous (VV) were similar (median 9 vs. 7.5days, p=0.09). VA ECMO had higher overall complication rate (64% vs. 36%, p=0.06) and higher neurologic complication rate (52% vs. 9%, p=0.002). ECMO mode and ICU type did not impact QOL. However, patients with neurologic complications (n=15) showed a trend towards lower overall QOL (63/100±20 vs. 74/100±18, p=0.06) compared to patients without neurologic complications. A subset analysis of patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic intracranial injuries (n=13) had significantly lower overall QOL (59/100±19 vs. 75/100±18, p=0.01) compared to patients without intracranial injuries. Conclusion Neurologic complication following ECMO is common, associated with VA mode, and negatively impacts long-term QOL. Given these associations, when clinically feasible, VV ECMO may be considered as first line ECMO therapy. Type of study Retrospective review. Level of evidence II
Diet and Nematode Infection Differ Between Coastal and Inland Populations of Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea)

Abstract Progressive salinization of freshwater wetlands is likely to trigger significant changes in associated animal communities. Understanding how salinization affects fundamental natural history characteristics, like diet, is necessary to predict consequences of environmental change. We analyzed dietary patterns of Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog), a generalist frog species known to inhabit freshwater and brackish wetlands. The stomach contents of coastal (e.g., brackish) and inland (e.g., freshwater) H. cinerea differed in both species variety and abundance of prey items. We also observed nematodes, a common anuran gut parasite, in inland individuals but did not observe any nematodes in coastal individuals. Our study shows differences in resource use and parasite load in H. cinerea, suggesting that wetland salinization may impact trophic dynamics and infectious disease in anuran amphibians.
A continuous straightening formulation based on minimum curvature variation

A continuous straightening formulation is proposed in order to smooth the transition between the curved and straight sectors in a continuous caster of metals. This is accomplished by minimising the curvature variation in the straightening sector, taking into account boundary conditions usually found when designing or modifying continuous casting machines. A differential equation is obtained for the bar trajectory which is numerically solved after discretisation. The obtained algorithm is used to compare different casting configurations whose smoothness is quantified in terms of the strain and strain rate along the bar. The continuous straightening configurations developed by this formulation were found to be smoother than typical setups with 1 or 2 straightening points. It was also found that the longer the straightening length, the smoother the transition.
The RTK Interactome: Overview and Perspective on RTK Heterointeractions

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in cell growth, motility, differentiation, and survival. These single-pass membrane proteins are grouped into subfamilies based on the similarity of their extracellular domains. They are generally thought to be activated by ligand binding, which promotes homodimerization and then autophosphorylation in trans. However, RTK interactions are more complicated, as RTKs can interact in the absence of ligand and heterodimerize within and across subfamilies. Here, we review the known cross-subfamily RTK heterointeractions and their possible biological implications, as well as the methodologies which have been used to study them. Moreover, we demonstrate how thermodynamic models can be used to study RTKs and to explain many of the complicated biological effects which have been described in the literature. Finally, we discuss the concept of the RTK interactome: a putative, extensive network of interactions between the RTKs. This RTK interactome can produce unique signaling outputs; can amplify, inhibit, and modify signaling; and can allow for signaling backups. The existence of the RTK interactome could provide an explanation for the irreproducibility of experimental data from different studies and for the failure of some RTK inhibitors to produce the desired therapeutic effects. We argue that a deeper knowledge of RTK interactome thermodynamics can lead to a better understanding of fundamental RTK signaling processes in health and disease. We further argue that there is a need for quantitative, thermodynamic studies that probe the strengths of the interactions between RTKs and their ligands and between different RTKs.
Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in 10 common malignancies: Analysis of incidence, risk factors, and effect on mortality from the California Cancer Registry.

e18190Background: Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UE DVT) is a known complication in patients with cancer. However, the cumulative incidence by cancer type, risk factors associated with UE ...
Using Symmetry Transformations in Equivariant Dynamical Systems for Their Safety Verification

In this paper, we investigate how symmetry transformations of equivariant dynamical systems can reduce the computation effort for safety verification. Symmetry transformations of equivariant systems map solutions to other solutions. We build upon this result, producing reachsets from other previously computed reachsets. We augment the standard simulation-based verification algorithm with a new procedure that attempts to verify the safety of the system starting from a new initial set of states by transforming previously computed reachsets. This new algorithm required the creation of a new cache-tree data structure for multi-resolution reachtubes. Our implementation has been tested on several benchmarks and has achieved significant improvements in verification time.
Perspective on the role of negative ions and ion–ion plasmas in heavy ion fusion science, magnetic fusion energy, and related fields

Abstract Some years ago it was suggested that halogen negative ions [L.R. Grisham, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 464 (2001) 315] could offer a feasible alternative path to positive ions as a heavy ion fusion driver beam, which would not suffer degradation due to electron accumulation in the accelerator and beam transport system, and which could be converted to a neutral beam by photodetachment near the chamber entrance if desired. Since then, experiments have demonstrated that negative halogen beams can be extracted and accelerated away from the gas plume near the source with a surviving current density close to what could be achieved with a positive ion of similar mass, and with comparable optical quality. In demonstrating the feasibility of halogen negative ions as heavy ion driver beams, ion–ion plasmas, an interesting and somewhat novel state of matter, were produced. These plasmas, produced near the extractor plane of the sources, appear, based upon many lines of experimental evidence, to consist of almost equal densities of positive and negative chlorine ions, with only a small component of free electrons. Serendipitously, the need to extract beams from this plasma for driver development provides a unique diagnostic tool to investigate the plasma, since each component – positive ions, negative ions, and electrons – can be extracted and measured separately. We discuss the relevance of these observations to understanding negative ion beam extraction from electronegative plasmas such as halogens, or the more familiar hydrogen of magnetic fusion ion sources. We suggest a concept that might improve negative hydrogen extraction by the addition of a halogen. The possibility and challenges of producing ion–ion plasmas with thin targets of halogens or, perhaps, salt is briefly addressed.
Quantification and molecular characterization of organo-mineral associations as influenced by redox oscillations.

Abstract Organo-mineral association is one of the most important stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the retention, transformation, and transportation of colloids (1–1000 nm) and associated organic carbon (OC) in soil. Given the particularly significant role that wetland soils play in carbon storage and cycling, we quantified the dynamics of organo-mineral association within colloidal size range by conducting three consecutive 35-day redox (reduction-oxidation) oscillation experiments using a wetland soil. Molecular compositions of natural nanoparticle (NNP, 2.3–100 nm), fine colloid (100–450 nm), and particulate (450–1000 nm) fractions were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that NNP and fine colloids constituted up to 8.94 ± 0.50% and 22.19 ± 7.52% of bulk C concentration (2.3–1000 nm), respectively; indicating substantial contributions of these two fractions to the operationally defined “dissolved” (
Same-Sex Harassment: Do Either Price-Waterhouse or Oncale Support the Ninth Circuit's Holding in Nichols v. Azteca Restaurant Enterprises, Inc. that Same-Sex Harassment Based on Failure to Conform to Gender Stereotypes is Actionable?

In Nichols v. Azteca Restaurant Enterprises, the Ninth Circuit, overruling a twenty-two year old case, held that same-sex harassment based on gender stereotypes is actionable under Title VII. The court based this holding on the Supreme Court's 1989 opinion in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins. However reasonable a reading of Title VII, the author argues that Nichols takes a major step beyond Hopkins, and resolves an issue not considered, even by implication, in the case. Further, same-sex harassment based on gender stereotypes is an issue sidestepped by the Supreme Court in Oncale - its only opinion to date dealing with same-sex harassment - leaving the issue for consideration in the circuit courts.
The Influence of Social Perceptions on Restaurant Employee Work Engagement and Extra-Role Customer Service Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of restaurant employees’ social perceptions of their supervisors on employees’ work engagement and extra-role customer service behavior. We also...
Almond Snacking For 8 Weeks Differentially Altered the Serum Omics Profiles of Young Adults in Comparison to a Control Snack

Abstract Objectives Almond consumption can improve cardiometabolic health. However, the mechanisms underlying those physiological changes are not well characterized. This study explored the effects of consuming a snack of almonds for 8 weeks on changes in omics profiles in young adults. Methods Newly enrolled, college students (n = 73, age: 18–19 years, BMI: 18–41 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume a morning snack, i.e., either almonds (2 oz./d, n = 38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n = 35) daily for 8 weeks (Clinical trials: NCT03084003). Blood samples were collected every 4 weeks over the 8 week intervention. Metabolite abundances in the serum were quantified by hydrophilic Interaction chromatography (HILIC) quadrupole (Q) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS/MS), gas chromatography time-of-flight (GCTOF) MS, and CSH-ESI (electrospray) QTOF MS/MS. Data were reported as quantitative ion peak heights and were normalized by systematic error removal using random forest (SERRF) normalization. The baseline-adjusted means of the almond and cracker groups at week 8 were analyzed using ChemRICH which is a chemical similarity enrichment analysis software for metabolomics datasets that uses medical subject headings and Tanimoto substructure chemical similarity coefficients to cluster metabolites into non-overlapping chemical groups. Statistically significant p-values for clusters were obtained by self-contained Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Results Out of the 5716 features detected, 857 were identified as known compounds. ChemRICH mapped 660 of the identified metabolites to 63 nonoverlapping chemical classes, of which 2 were found to be significantly different between the almond and cracker groups (false discovery rate adjusted P value (FDR) < 0.05). Almond snacking for 8 weeks was associated with altered unsaturated lipid metabolism represented by significantly increased levels of unsaturated triglycerides and unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines compared with cracker snacking (cluster FDR < 0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate that almond and cracker snacking for 8 weeks differentially altered lipid metabolism. Funding Sources Research supported by Almond Board of California and NIH-NIMHD.
Preferences of Individuals With Cancer for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Purpose Symptom monitoring and management using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures improves outcomes for individuals with cancer. The purpose of the current study was to provide a qualitative assessment of preferences of individuals with cancer for PRO measures. Participants & setting 15 patients receiving systemic therapy at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Methodologic approach Participants completed three PRO measures. Qualitative interviews were conducted, and content analysis was used to identify relevant themes. Findings Identified themes were the importance of communicating various aspects of the disease and treatment experience to the oncology team, the importance of systematic PRO assessments, congruence among PRO questionnaires and questions clinicians ask at clinic visits, concerns about the length of PRO questionnaires, the importance of the response options available in PRO questionnaires, and willingness to complete PRO measures frequently. Implications for nursing Oncology nurses are critical facilitators of the systematic use of PRO measures across the cancer care continuum.
Landowner concerns related to availability of ecosystem services and environmental issues in the southern United States

Abstract The effectiveness of conservation initiatives on private lands in the southern United States plays an important role in improving provision of ecosystem services and mitigating negative environmental impacts. However, participation in conservation efforts is in part affected by landowner concern about environmental issues. This study used a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) to quantify the impacts of local environmental conditions (e.g., air and water pollution, population density, and land cover type), private land attributes and sociodemographic factors on landowner ecosystem service and environmental concerns. The study involved a mail survey of private landowners in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and East Gulf Coastal Plain sub-geographies of the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. At least 37% of landowners were extremely concerned about drinking water quality, drinking water quantity, soil erosion, loss of wildlife habitat, and loss of open spaces. Local environmental conditions and sociodemographic factors were only marginally related to landowner ecosystem service and environmental concerns, although these factors could affect landowner environmental attitudes, personal health and outdoor activities. Private land attributes, such as property size and landownership objectives, strongly influenced landowner concerns about environmental issues where landowners with larger agricultural land parcels, and who owned land for profit making and provision of ecosystem services were more concerned about environmental issues than other landowners. Conservation policies should focus not only on activities that address ecosystem service and environmental issues that are of concern to landowners but also help them attain their landownership objectives because such approach is more likely to increase their participation in conservation practices.
Modified Antimesenteric Tapering Enteroplasty: An Alternative Technique for the Treatment of Dysfunctional Anastomosis in Patients With Short Bowel.

INTRODUCTION Several techniques have been described to taper the dilated small bowel to improve intestinal motility and decrease complications related to overdilated small bowel, including longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tapering, serial transverse enteroplasty, and spiral intestinal lengthening and tailoring. We propose an alternative technique designed to optimize bowel function and minimize the effects of recurrent small-bowel bacterial overgrowth in patients with short or ultra-short gut syndrome and dysfunctional anastomosis with maintenance of the actual absorptive surface. TECHNIQUE The dilated side-to-side anastomosis is identified, and the mesentery leaves from both the proximal and distal small-bowel loops are separated by using blunt dissection. The previous anastomosis is divided longitudinally with a GI stapler. Once the small-bowel transection is completed, 2 separate blind loops of intestine are created, each one with half the circumference of the dilated side-to-side anastomosis. The antimesenteric stapled line is then reinforced with an outer layer of running suture. The blind loops of the tapered small bowel are then trimmed and anastomosed in an end-to-end isoperistaltic fashion in 2 layers. RESULTS There were no postoperative complications. The length of the tapering ranged from 10 to 23 cm, corresponding to approximately 16% (range, 13%-20%) of the remaining small-bowel length. Three of 4 patients presented significant improvement of their symptoms and were able to have their parenteral support discontinued. CONCLUSIONS Modified antimesenteric tapering enteroplasty is an alternative technique to improve intestinal motility and treat patients with short-bowel syndrome and dysfunctional side-to-side anastomosis without the need for further small-bowel resection. This bowel-sparing technique represents a valuable option in the armamentarium of the surgeon who manages patients with intestinal failure.
Tactile Persuasion (Haptics)

Touch has always been an integral sense for the human, as well as other animals. For us, it is an intimate sense, often strictly forbidden to strangers and individuals who are not close friends or relatives. It is also essential to a species so reliant on tool use for survival. From early flint knapping to using our cell phones for destination mapping, it would be hard to imagine Homo sapiens getting anywhere without a sensitive touch or two.
Fortuitous Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing in a Small Child

Deep septal pacing is an emerging technique for physiologic pacing in adults. We report a case where left bundle capture was inadvertently achieved in a small child with routine lead deployment into a thin septum and discuss the potential feasibility of this technique for future study. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
The unique pathways to coordinate specialty care for Black families navigating early psychosis: A preliminary report

Abstract Background Aversive pathways to coordinated specialty care (CSC) for first episode psychosis have been linked to the extended duration of untreated psychosis, limited engagement, and treatment outcomes. Yet there has been very limited research that has solely explored the unique pathways to care among Black families in the U.S. This study utilized qualitative methods to explore the pathways to CSC among Black individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis and their family members. Methods Individuals who were or are enrolled in CSC programs and/or their family members were recruited to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Qualitative interviews were used to characterize events and experiences prior to the initiation of CSC. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Results A total of 14 participants were recruited to complete semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that during prodromal phase participants noticed changes in social functioning, identified prior childhood experiences that were viewed as traumatic, and sought very little help from formal sources. After the onset of psychosis, the majority of participants highlighted the importance of family members in the initiation of care, yet also expressed difficulties navigating services and engaging with clinical staff, contributing to further delays to the initiation of CSC. Conclusions Finding from this study sheds light on understanding known disparities in utilization of services and potentially identifies areas that can be leveraged to improve the experiences for Black families seeking CSC.
Post-fire ponderosa pine regeneration with and without planting in Arizona and New Mexico

Abstract Forest fires are increasing in size and severity globally, yet the roles of natural and artificial regeneration in promoting forest recovery are poorly understood. Post-fire regeneration of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, Lawson and C. Lawson) in the southwestern U.S. is slow, episodic, and difficult to predict. Planting of ponderosa pine after wildfire may accelerate reforestation, but little is known about survival of plantings and the amount of post-fire natural regeneration. We compared ponderosa pine regeneration between paired planted and unplanted plots at eight sites in Arizona and New Mexico that recently (2002–2005) burned severely. Two sites had no natural regeneration and no survival of planted seedlings. Seedling presence increased with number of years since burning across all plots, was positively associated with forb and litter cover on planted plots, and was positively associated with litter cover on unplanted plots. Survival of planted seedlings, measured five to eight years after planting, averaged 25% (SE = 8) and varied from 0% to 70% across sites resulting in seedling densities of 0–521 trees ha−1. Based on a projected 44% survival of seedlings to mature trees and target density of mature trees determined by historical range of variability and ecological restoration principles, four of eight sites have a seedling density in planted plots (125–240 ha−1) that will produce a density of mature trees (55–106 ha−1) close to desired levels, whereas seedlings are currently deficient at three planted sites, and in surplus at one site, which had abundant natural regeneration. Natural regeneration in unplanted plots during the first decade after burning produced seedling densities inconsistent with desired numbers of mature trees. Natural regeneration in unplanted plots produced less than 33 seedlings ha−1 at seven of eight sites, but produced 1433 seedlings ha−1 at one high-elevation site that supported a more mesic vegetation community before burning than the other sites. Our results show that current practices for planting ponderosa pine after severe fires in Arizona and New Mexico produce desired numbers of seedlings in approximately half of all projects, whereas natural regeneration rarely does within the first decade after burning.
Political Trust in Societies Under Transformation : A Comparative Analysis of Poland and Ukraine

This article examines the sources of trust in major political institutions in Poland and Ukraine. Using the New Democracies Barometer data sets of 1993 and 1998 the author evaluated the influence o...
Protein Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Cytosol: Methods

ER-associated protein degradation, a component of protein quality control in the secretory pathway, is a process by which aberrant proteins of the ER are selected for export, via retro-translocation, to the cytosol for subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Keywords: ER-associated protein degradation; yeast; molecular chaperones; retro-translocation
Technology Education: AKA Industrial Arts

Pullias (1989) identified three viewpoints individuals may take regarding the implementation of technology education. One, which will be referred to as the “revolutionary” position here, proposes “to discard the old and begin fresh.” (p. 3-4). Another, perhaps “evolutionary,” view prefers “to keep part of the old, install part of the new, and ‘ease’ into full implementation” (p. 3). The third position “is to disguise what we have been doing for years and try to make it look like a new curriculum” (p. 3).
The New Computational and Data Sciences Undergraduate Program at George Mason University

We describe the new undergraduate science degree program in Computational and Data Sciences (CDS) at George Mason University (Mason), which began offering courses for both major (B.S.) and minor degrees in Spring 2008. The overarching theme and goal of the program are to train the next-generation scientists in the tools and techniques of cyber-enabled science (e-Science) to prepare them to confront the emerging petascale challenges of data-intensive science. The Mason CDS program has a significantly stronger focus on data-oriented approaches to science than do most computational science and engineering programs. The program has been designed specifically to focus both on simulation (Computational Science) and on data-intensive applications (Data Science). New courses include Introduction to Computational & Data Sciences, Scientific Data and Databases, Scientific Data & Information Visualization, Scientific Data Mining, and Scientific Modeling & Simulation. This is an interdisciplinary science program, drawing examples, classroom materials, and student activities from a broad range of physical and biological sciences. We will describe some of the motivations and early results from the program. More information is available at http://cds.gmu.edu/.
Ultrastructure of Prototheca zopfii in Bovine Granulomatous Mastitis

Mammary glands from cows with protothecal mastitis were examined by light and electron microscopy at 6, 13, 20, and greater than 180 days after infection. With increasing time, there were increases in severity of granulomatous inflammation, number of endospores and sporangia, and ratio of degenerate to intact algae. Algae were found in macrophages but were not seen in neutrophils, epithelial cells, or myoepithelial cells. Macrophages containing algae were markedly enlarged, chiefly from reduplication of the Golgi complex and its associated vesicles. Intracellular algae were degenerate and consisted of intact cell wall profiles which contained membrane fragments but lacked nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. Degenerate algae in vitro had thin cell walls and did not undergo internal lysis. Cell wall material of intracellular algae stained as an acidic, nonsulfated, carboxylated glycoprotein. These findings suggest that intracellular Prototheca zopfii degenerate by progressive lysis of internal organelles with persistence of cell wall glycans and that development of aberrant cell wall forms occurs as a defective response by host macrophages.