cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prostatic Urethral Lift: A Unique Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

The prostatic urethral lift (PUL) is a unique, nonthermal approach to treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It can be conducted under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. In published clinical studies, most voiding tested patients do not require a catheter. After PUL, patients experience rapid recovery with minimal adverse effects. Average symptom response is significant by 2 weeks, improves through 3 months, and remains stable through 4 years. Erectile and ejaculatory functions are preserved. This treatment represents a desirable solution for many patients who currently have male LUTS secondary to BPH.
Parallel processing algorithms and architecture for multimedia on-demand servers

Advances in networking and storage technologies have made it possible to-build multimedia on-demand servers that provide service similar to those of neighborhood videotape rental stores. In this work, we propose a specialized high-performance programmable multiprocessor. Architecture which allows continuous playback of media-streams to large number of clients, a critical factor in multimedia servers. This architecture supports dynamic phase shifts in media distribution which is particularly useful in a distributed environment. We introduce algorithms for maximum concurrency extraction and to avoid task migration in the presence of dynamically changing demand. We show that our solution performs an order of magnitude better than other known solutions. >
Surgical management of symptomatic neonates with Ebstein's anomaly: Choice of operation

Objective: Symptomatic neonates with Ebstein's anomaly pose significant challenge. Within this cohort, neonates with associated anatomical pulmonary atresia have higher mortality. We review our experience with this difficult subset. Methods: A total of 32 consecutive symptomatic neonates with Ebstein's anomaly underwent surgical intervention between 1994 and 2013. Of them, 20 neonates (62%, 20/32) had associated pulmonary atresia. Patients' weights ranged from 1.9 to 3.4 kg. All patients without pulmonary atresia had two- ventricle repair. Of the 20 neonates, 16 (80%, 16/20) with Ebstein's anomaly and pulmonary atresia had two-ventricle repair and 4 had single-ventricle palliation, of which 2 underwent Starnes' palliation and 2 Blalock-Taussig shunts. Six recent patients with Ebstein's anomaly and pulmonary atresia had right ventricle to pulmonary artery valved conduit as part of their two-ventricle repair. Results: Overall early mortality was 28% (9/32). For those without pulmonary atresia, mortality was 8.3% (1/12). For the entire cohort of neonates with Ebstein's anomaly and pulmonary atresia, mortality was 40% (8/20; p=0.05). Mortality for neonates with Ebstein's anomaly and pulmonary atresia having two-ventricle repair was 44% (7/16). Mortality for neonates with Ebstein's anomaly and pulmonary atresia having two-ventricle repair utilising right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit was 16% (1/6). For those having one-ventricle repair, the mortality was 25% (1/4). Conclusions: Surgical management of neonates with Ebstein's anomaly remains challenging. For neonates with Ebstein's anomaly and anatomical pulmonary atresia, single-ventricle palliation is associated with lower early mortality compared with two- ventricle repair. This outcome advantage is negated by inclusion of right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit as part of the two-ventricle repair.
A 3-Phase Approach for the Management of Upper Extremity Electrical Injuries

Upper extremity electrical injuries present with unique pathophysiologic considerations due to the differing mechanisms of injury produced by the electromagnetic field. The initial phase of treatment consists of recognition of other life-threatening injuries, stabilization of patients, and multisystem resuscitation. The second phase of treatment consists of excising devitalized tissue, appropriate wound care to prevent delayed infection, providing temporary and definitive coverage over vital structures, and preventing contracture and joint stiffness via aggressive therapy. The final phase of treatment consists of sensorimotor functional reconstruction via nerve grafting and tendon transfers available based on patients' deficits and available redundant sources.
Kinetics of the reaction OH + HO2 yields H2O + O2 from 254 to 382 K

The discharge-flow resonance fluorescence technique has been used to determine the absolute rate constant for the reaction OH + HO2 yields H2O + O2 from 254 to 382 K at a total pressure of 1 Torr. Pseudo-=first-order conditions were used with HO2 in large excess over OH. The rate constant was obtained directly from observed decays of OH and measured concentrations of HO2. Since the observed rate constant was found to be very sensitive to small background concentrations of O and H atoms, NO2 was used to remove both atom species from the system. With added NO2 the result at 299 K is (1.1 + or - 0.3) x 10 to the -10th cu cm/molecule where the error limits are one standard deviation and include an estimate of overall experimental uncertainty. The temperature dependence expressed in Arrhenius form is (4.8 + or - 0.8) x 10 to the -11th exp (250 + or - 50)/T. The results are independent of the type of reactor surface and the precursor used to produce OH and HO2. The present results agree well with earlier measurements near 1-atm total pressure and suggest that this rate constant exhibits little or no pressure dependence between 1 and 1000 Torr.
Disparities in Rural Breast Cancer Care: Factors Affecting Choice of Breast Reconstruction in a West Virginia Tertiary Care Hospital.

Abstract The decision to pursue immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IBR) is not uniform across all groups of women in the United States. We sought to investigate if the challenges of caring for a socioeconomically and geographically challenged rural population affected the incidence of IBR and to identify predictive factors of IBR in this population. Using our institution's cancer registry, we conducted a 10-year review of women with early-stage, unilateral breast cancer who received mastectomy. Demographics, insurance status, comorbidities, and surgeon graduation year were compared for patients receiving IBR versus no reconstruction. Variables with P < 0.05 on univariate analysis were included into a multivariate logistic regression model to determine independent predictors of IBR. From 2006 to 2015, 53/423 (12.5%) patients underwent IBR. On multivariate analysis, three factors independently predicted the decision to undergo IBR: age (P = 0.004), insurance type (P = 0.034), and use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM, P < 0.001). Our data indicate that age, insurance type, and utilization of CPM influence the decision to pursue reconstruction. Additionally, the rate of IBR was found to be much lower in our West Virginia population than reported nationally, suggesting disparities in the care of women with early-stage, unilateral breast cancer in a rural population, even in a tertiary care environment.
The contribution of toll-like receptor signaling to the development of liver fibrosis and cancer in hepatocyte-specific TAK1-deleted mice.

Hepatocyte death is associated with liver inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Damaged cells trigger inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR). Although the role of TLR4 in HCC development has been reported, the role of TLR9 in the development of HCC remains elusive. To investigate the role of TLR4 and TLR9 signaling in liver inflammation-fibrosis-cancer axis, we took advantage of mice with hepatic deletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (Tak1ΔHep) that develop spontaneous liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC, recapitulating the pathology of human HCC. We generated double knockout mice lacking genes of our interest with hepatic Tak1. Tak1ΔHep mice and Tlr4-deficient Tak1ΔHep mice had similar serum ALT levels, but Tlr4-deficient Tak1ΔHep mice exhibited significantly reduced macrophage infiltration, myofibroblast activation, and tumor formation. Ablation of TLR9 reduced spontaneous liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer development in Tak1ΔHep mice. In addition, the common adaptor, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-deficient Tak1ΔHep mice also attenuated liver injury, macrophage recruitment, collagen deposition, and tumor growth compared with control Tak1ΔHep mice. Genetic ablation of TNF receptor type I (TNFR) in Tak1ΔHep mice remarkably reduced liver inflammation-fibrosis-cancer axis. Surprisingly, disruption of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) had no effect on liver injury and tumor formation, although Il1r-deficient Tak1ΔHep showed attenuated macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition. In conclusion, TLR4- and TLR9-MyD88 are driving forces of progression to HCC accompanied by liver inflammation and fibrosis in Tak1ΔHep mice. Importantly, TLR4 and TLR9 downstream TNFR, but not IL-1R signaling is crucial for the development of HCC in Tak1ΔHep mice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Social Networks and Forgiveness: The Role of Trust and Efficacy

We examine the link between social network size and forgiveness, as well as mediating effects of self-efficacy and trust. Data are from the Detroit Community Study, which include three racial/ethnic groups: African Americans, Arab Americans, and White Americans (N=907). Results indicated that larger network size is associated with more forgiveness, but is mediated by trust. Patterns varied within racial/ethnic group: among Arab Americans self-efficacy mediated the effect of network size on forgiveness; among African Americans there were no direct or mediating effects; among White Americans an indirect effect of trust on forgiveness was identified. Findings suggest complex associations with forgiveness.
Non-estrogenic Xanthohumol Derivatives Mitigate Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, its metabolic transformation into the estrogenic metabolite, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), poses a potential health concern for its use in humans. To address this concern, we evaluated two hydrogenated derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), which showed negligible affinity for estrogen receptors α and β, and which cannot be metabolically converted into 8-PN. We compared their effects to those of XN by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) containing XN, DXN, or TXN for 13 weeks. DXN and TXN were present at higher concentrations than XN in plasma, liver and muscle. Mice administered XN, DXN or TXN showed improvements of impaired glucose tolerance compared to the controls. DXN and TXN treatment resulted in a decrease of HOMA-IR and plasma leptin. C2C12 embryonic muscle cells treated with DXN or TXN exhibited higher rates of uncoupled mitochondrial respiration compared to XN and the control. Finally, XN, DXN, or TXN treatment ameliorated HFD-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory. Taken together, DXN and TXN could ameliorate the neurocognitive-metabolic impairments associated with HFD-induced obesity without risk of liver injury and adverse estrogenic effects.
An ontological approach to oracle BPM

A modern business process management (BPM) operates using common tenants of an underlying Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) runtime infrastructure based on the Service Component Architecture (SCA) and supports the BPMN 2.0 OMG1 standard. Semantically-enabling all BPM artifacts, from high-level design to deployment and the runtime model of a BPM application, promotes continuous process refinement, comprehensive impact analysis, and reuse to minimize process and service proliferation. A semantic database can manage semantically-enabled BPM ontologies and models, enable machine-driven inference to discover implicit relationships in the models, and perform pattern-matching queries to find associations. This paper presents an ontology for BPM based upon BPMN 2.0, Service Component Architecture (SCA) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) that can support a wide range of use cases for process analysis, governance, business intelligence and systems management. It has the potential to bring together stakeholders across an enterprise, for a truly agile, end-to-end enterprise architecture.
TCEB1-mutated renal cell carcinoma in relation to renal cell carcinoma with smooth muscle stroma in tuberous sclerosis complex.

699Background: TCEB1-mutated renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are a subtype of RCC which are distinct from both clear cell and clear cell papillary RCCs. These tumors are well-circumscribed, have predominantly tubular and papillary architecture, and have thick intersecting fibromuscular bands imparting a renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor (RAT)-like morphology. Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) patients have an increased risk of developing a number of tumors, including RCC. The histomorphology of RCCs in TSC have been well documented with 30-52% demonstrating “RCC with smooth muscle stroma” morphology, referred to as “TSC-associated papillary RCC (PRCC).” Interestingly the histologic features of TSC-associated PRCC are identical to that of the RAT-like TCEB1-mutated tumors. Methods: A total of 5 patients were found in our archives with histology that matched TSC-associated PRCC /RAT-like morphology. All 5 cases were retrieved and the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were reviewed with a representative block sent f...
Forgotten Borders: Japan’s Maritime Operations in the Korean War and Implications for North Korea

In any future contingency operations in the Korean peninsula, Japan’s military experience during the Korean War will be a strategic asset not forgotten. Chief among the humanitarian and strategic needs for Japan’s seaborne involvement in a future contingency in Korea will be the constant US interest in preserving the security of its most highly valued prize in the region, Japan, and how Japan will be able to balance against a rising and more influential China. This chapter examines the important theme of ocean as a competitive arena between the USA, Korea, Japan, and China.
Metabolic interrelationships of HDL subclasses.

Levels of plasma HDL are determined by a complex array of metabolic processes involving synthesis, transfer, recycling, and tissue uptake of individual apoprotein and lipid components1. At equilibrium, these components are organized within a variety of particulate forms, and detailed understanding of HDL metabolism requires consideration of factors responsible for this macromolecular heterogeneity. The first description of the HDL particle spectrum identified three major forms of HDL based on flotation rates (F°1.20) in the analytic ultracentrifuge2: HDL1, of F°1.20>9 and density overlapping with LDL; HDL2, of F°1.20 3.5–9 (d 1.063–1.125 g/ml), and HDL3, of F°1.200–3.5 (d 1.125–1.200 g/ml). Figure 1 shows the analytic ultracentrifuge pattern of HDL2 and HDL3 in a representative normal subject, as well as the HDL profile as revealed by zonal ultracentrifugation3 and electrophoresis of HDL in native polyaerylamide gradient gels4. Each of these procedures has revealed further heterogeneity within the HDL2 and HDL3 density subclasses. In the case of gradient gel electrophoresis, heterogeneity is manifest as multiple electrophoretic bands which have been shown to represent distinct HDL subspecies of differing particle size.
MDL-Based Unsupervised Attribute Ranking.

In the present paper we propose an unsupervised attribute ranking method based on evaluating the quality of clustering that each attribute produces by partitioning the data into subsets according to its values. We use the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle to evaluate the quality of clustering and describe an algorithm for attribute ranking and a related clustering algorithm. Both algorithms are empirically evaluated on benchmark data sets. The experiments show that the MDL-based ranking performs closely to the supervised information gain ranking and thus improves the performance of the EM and k-means clustering algorithms in purely unsupervised setting.
Adrenal and gonadal steroid hormone deficiency in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease in which both environmental and genetic factors play a role. Data also suggest that neuroendocrine factors are involved. I briefly summarize observations that support this hypothesis. RA is characterized by striking age-sex disparities. The incidence of disease in women increases steadily from the age of menarche to its maximal incidence around menopause. The disease is uncommon in men under age 45, but its incidence increases rapidly in older men and approaches the incidence in women. These observations strongly suggest that androgens play a major suppressive role, and, in fact, testosterone levels are depressed in most men with RA. Mechanistically, many data indicate that testosterone suppresses both cellular and humoral immune responses. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal product, is the major androgen in women. Its production is strikingly dependent upon age. Peak production is in the 2nd and 3rd decades, but levels decline precipitously thereafter. DHEA levels are low in both men and women with RA, and recent data show that levels of this hormone may be depressed before the onset of disease. The role of DHEA in immune diseases, however, is controversial. The menopausal peak of RA onset suggests estrogen and/or progesterone deficiency play a role in the disease, and many data indicate that estrogens suppress cellular immunity but stimulate humoral immunity, i.e., deficiency promotes cellular (Th1-type) immunity. Recent data also indicate that progesterone stimulates a switch for Th1 to Th2-type immune responses. RA often develops or flares in the postpartum period, particularly if the mother breastfeeds. This is again consistent with gonadal steroid deficiency playing a role in the onset of disease. Breastfeeding is associated with blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and elevated prolactin synthesis. Gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone deficiency, plus elevated prolactin, probably greatly facilitates the expression of Th1-type immunity, which is widely believed to be critical in the pathogenesis of RA. By contrast, RA typically remits during pregnancy, in parallel with the increasing levels of corticosteroids, estrogens, and progesterone. Pregnancy is characterized by a shift in immune function from Th1-type to Th2-type. Oral contraceptives, which generate a condition of pseudopregnancy, also decrease the risk of RA. These data argue that adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones suppress the development of RA. Several studies indicate that corticosteroid production is inappropriately low in patients with RA, and are reminiscent of observations in Lewis rat models of chronic erosive arthritis. In summary, a growing body of data indicate that RA develops as a consequence of a deficiency in both adrenal and gonadal steroid hormone production. This hypothesis clearly has potential clinical implications.
Channel-Fill Turbidite Reservoir, Yowlumne Field, California

The Yowlumne reservoir has internal structures that have an important effect on oil recovery. The original depositional conditions produced heterogeneity in the distribution of textural, compositional, and structural elements that result in flow anisotropy. However, such heterogeneities are commonly not detected until problems of fluid injection or hydrocarbon recovery are encountered. Therefore, it is important to predict the internal structures at an early stage of field development. Well logs provide the main source of this reservoir data, and dipmeter logs can be especially helpful in the interpretation.
The Association Between Safety Climate and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in the U.S. Logging Industry

The purpose of this research was to assess the association between safety climate and musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among workers and management in the logging industry. The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire, NOSACQ-50 and modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire were administered to 743 loggers. Five safety climate dimension scores were assessed. The disparity between management’s views of their own safety priority versus workers’ views of management’s safety priority indicates a need to focus on safety interventions in those specific dimensions. The relationship between these measures can be used to identify possible areas and opportunities for future interventions.
Teaching and Learning about Settler-colonial Racism: A Case for “Unsettling” Minoritizing and Multicultural Perspectives:

This article contributes to emerging efforts to decolonize race-based approaches and antiracist pedagogies in sociology. Building on recent scholarship on settler colonialism and decolonization as ...
Gene therapies in canine models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) must first be tested in animal models to determine proof-of-concept, efficacy, and importantly, safety. The murine and canine models for DMD are genetically homologous and most commonly used in pre-clinical testing. Although the mouse is a strong, proof-of-concept model, affected dogs show more analogous clinical and immunological disease progression compared to boys with DMD. As such, evaluating genetic therapies in the canine models may better predict response at the genetic, phenotypic, and immunological levels. We review the use of canine models for DMD and their benefits as it pertains to genetic therapy studies, including gene replacement, exon skipping, and gene editing.
Snail herbivory affects seedling establishment in a temperate forest in the Ozarks

Species‐specific herbivores are hypothesized to maintain plant diversity by preventing the dominance of any one plant species. However, a large proportion of herbivores have wide host ranges, and these generalists could have similar effects on plant community composition if they exhibit differences in their host preference. Here, we coupled laboratory and field experiments to test whether a common forest‐understorey snail (Neohelix alleni), a generalist herbivore, has the potential to influence forest composition through differential preference of their plant hosts. We first performed a cafeteria‐style experiment to test whether N. alleni showed feeding preferences among leaves of five tree species and one shrub common to temperate forests in Missouri, USA. We then conducted a factorial snail and deer exclusion experiment to decouple the effects of snail herbivory from those of white‐tailed deer on seedling establishment of 1‐month‐old newly germinated seedlings of these six woody species in the field. Finally, we examined whether variation in both snail feeding preference and experimentally measured effects of snails on seedling establishment across plant species were related to their relative abundance measured in a 12‐ha forest plot. In the laboratory, we found that snails preferred leaves of woody species that were less abundant in the forests relative to those species that were more common. In the forest, we found that experimental exclusion of snails had a stronger positive effect on seedling above‐ground biomass and survival over a 1‐year period than did exclusion of deer. Plant species found to be more preferred in the laboratory were also those that had lower seedling establishment in the forest due to the negative effects of snails. Synthesis. Collectively, our results suggest that greater susceptibility to snail herbivory limits seedling establishment, perhaps contributing to differences in tree species relative abundance. Although less appreciated than their insect and mammal counterparts, herbivory by snails may be significant drivers to the assembly of forest tree communities.
On the Use of Expert Judgments to Estimate the Pressure Increment in the Sequoyah Containment at Vessel Breach

The use of expert judgments in probabilistic risk assessments has become common. Simple aggregation methods have often been used with the result that expert biases and interexpert dependence are often neglected. Sophisticated theoretical models for the use of expert opinions have been proposed that offer ways of incorporating expert biases and dependence, but they have not found wide acceptance because of the difficulty and rigor of these methods. Practical guidance on the use of the versatile Bayesian expert judgment aggregation model is provided. In particular, the case study of pressure increment due to vessel breach in the Sequoyah nuclear power plant is chosen to illustrate how phenomenological uncertainty can be addressed by using the Bayesian aggregation model. The results indicate that the Bayesian aggregation model is a suitable candidate model for aggregating expert judgments, especially if there is phenomenological uncertainty. Phenomenological uncertainty can be represented through the dependence parameter of the Bayesian model. This is because the sharing of assumptions by the experts tends to introduce dependence between the experts. The extent of commonality in the experts' beliefs can be characterized by assessing their interdependence. The results indicate that uncertainty is possibly underestimated by ignoring dependence.
From medications to surgery: Advances in the treatment of motor complications in Parkinson's disease

Motor complications are responsible for the large burden of disability and poor quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pulsatile nature of stimulation with oral dopaminergic therapies due to relatively short pharmacokinetic profiles and dysfunctional gastrointestinal absorption have been attributed to the development of PD motor complications. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pharmacologic and surgical therapies currently available and under investigation for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia.
A Simulation Course Focusing on Forensic Evidence Collection Improves Pediatric Knowledge and Standardizes Curriculum for Child Abuse.

OBJECTIVES Our hypothesis was that pediatric residents and medical students who participated in a structured forensic evidence collection course would have improved knowledge of prepubertal evidence collection practices and pubertal genital anatomy. METHODS The course curriculum included a forensic evidence collection video created by the sexual assault nurse examiner directors. After watching the video, the participants simulated forensic evidence collection using forensic evidence collection kits and chain of evidence protocols in a hybrid simulation setting under the supervision of a pediatric sexual assault nurse examiner. The participants completed a multiple-choice test and a fill-in-the-blank anatomical diagram test before and after the course. RESULTS Of an eligible 48 participants, 42 completed the course; therefore, our participant response rate was 87.5%. There was significant improvement in knowledge, with an average pretest score of 62% ± 20% and the average posttest score of 86% ± 9% (P < 0.001). Qualitative evaluations were overwhelmingly positive, with consistent scoring of 6/6 in a 6-point agree scale. Learning themes, which emerged from open-ended questions on the evaluations, included knowledge gained on evidence collection processes (n = 26), how to appropriately interact with abused patients (n = 8), hands-on nature of the experience and the benefits of walking through the examination (n = 7), and pubertal genital anatomy knowledge (n = 3). Participants suggested that more instruction on anatomy would be helpful. CONCLUSIONS We found that pediatric residents' and medical students' knowledge of pediatric sexual abuse may be improved with a short simulation course focusing on forensic evidence collection.
Immunotherapy and Gliomas

Immunotherapy is an advancing field that uses the patient’s own immune system to recognize, target, and treat certain diseases including cancers. Fundamentally different from conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, this method represents a promising novel therapy option for patients with brain gliomas. In recognition that this field is rapidly changing and that many clinical trials are still ongoing, the purpose of this chapter is to introduce the different types of immunotherapy and the proposed mechanisms of action. We will then discuss the implications of these treatments on imaging with a focus on the problem of pseudoprogression.
Common structural features facilitate the simultaneous identification and quantification of the five most common juvenile hormones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract This study reports the development and application of a liquid chromatography method coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of the five most common juvenile hormone (JH) homologs and methyl farnesoate (MF). The protocol allows the simultaneous analysis in a single LC run of JH I, JH II, JH III, JH III bisepoxide (JHB3) and JH III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB3). The identification of JHs is based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), using two of the most abundant fragmentation transitions for each hormone. Addition of deuterated JH III as an internal standard permits the absolute quantification of the different JHs. The JH homologs common structural features led to similar chromatographic behavior, as well as related fragmentation patterns, which facilitated the simultaneous detection of all the homologs in a single LC-MS/MS run. The protocol detects JHs in the low femtomole range, allowing often the analysis of JH in individual insects. Fragmentation of each of the JH homologs generates unique diagnostic ions that permitted the identification and quantification of JHs from samples of different species of Diptera, Lepidoptera, Heteroptera and Hymenoptera. Having a simple protocol, which can undisputedly determine the identity of the homologs present in a particular species, provides us with the opportunity to identify and quantify JHs existing in insects that are pests, vector of diseases or important research models.
Automatic, wearable-based, in-field eating detection approaches for public health research: a scoping review

Dietary intake, eating behaviors, and context are important in chronic disease development, yet our ability to accurately assess these in research settings can be limited by biased traditional self-reporting tools. Objective measurement tools, specifically, wearable sensors, present the opportunity to minimize the major limitations of self-reported eating measures by generating supplementary sensor data that can improve the validity of self-report data in naturalistic settings. This scoping review summarizes the current use of wearable devices/sensors that automatically detect eating-related activity in naturalistic research settings. Five databases were searched in December 2019, and 618 records were retrieved from the literature search. This scoping review included N = 40 studies (from 33 articles) that reported on one or more wearable sensors used to automatically detect eating activity in the field. The majority of studies (N = 26, 65%) used multi-sensor systems (incorporating > 1 wearable sensors), and accelerometers were the most commonly utilized sensor (N = 25, 62.5%). All studies (N = 40, 100.0%) used either self-report or objective ground-truth methods to validate the inferred eating activity detected by the sensor(s). The most frequently reported evaluation metrics were Accuracy (N = 12) and F1-score (N = 10). This scoping review highlights the current state of wearable sensors’ ability to improve upon traditional eating assessment methods by passively detecting eating activity in naturalistic settings, over long periods of time, and with minimal user interaction. A key challenge in this field, wide variation in eating outcome measures and evaluation metrics, demonstrates the need for the development of a standardized form of comparability among sensors/multi-sensor systems and multidisciplinary collaboration.
In vitro analysis of the self-cleaving satellite RNA of barley yellow dwarf virus

A self-cleaving satellite RNA associated with barleyyellow dwarf virus (sBYDV) contains a sequence predicted to form a secondary structure similar to catalytic RNA molecules (ribozymes) of the "hammerhead" class (17). However, this RNA differs from other naturally occurring hammerheads both in its very slow cleavage rate, and in some aspects of its structure. One striking structural difference is that an additional helix is predicted that may be part of an unusual pseudoknot containing three stacked helices. Nucleotide substitutions that prevent formation of the additional helix and favor the hammerhead increased the self-cleavage rate up to 400-fold. Compensatory substitutions, predicted to restore the additional helix, reduced the self-cleavage rate by an extent proportional to the calculated stability of the helix. Partial digestion of the RNA with structure-sensitive nucleases supported the existence of the proposed alternative structure in the wildtype sequence, and formation of the hammerhead in the rapidly-cleaving mutants. This tertiary interaction may serve as a molecular switch that controls the rate of self-cleavage and possibly other functions of the satellite RNA.
The SUPPORT Project and Improving Care for Seriously III Patients-Reply

In Reply. —The encouraging experiences reported by Dr Frank and Ms Campbell helped shape the SUPPORT intervention. Our different findings may result from our randomized trial design, our retaining established physician-patient relationships, or our more rigorous evaluation design. We welcome the opportunity to respond to Dr Dougherty and clarify a major public misinterpretation of SUPPORT's findings—that physicians were ignoring patients' wishes. SUPPORT demonstrated a failure of communication between clinicians and patients, not a failure of physicians to listen to patients. This is also a response to Dr Donnelly's suggestion that the SUPPORT intervention should have been more prescriptive. We designed the intervention to be as forceful as possible given the evaluation design of the study and the concerns of the institutional review boards that all care be under the control of the attending clinician. We agree with Dr Godec that, as part of any comprehensive approach to this problem, financial
Recycling of RAP using nanoclay modified asphalt binder

The incorporation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in the recycling process of asphalt pavement can save both the environment and money. This study was conducted to investigate the use of nanomodified asphalt binder in the recycling of RAP material to increase the incorporation of RAP percentage in recycled asphalt compared to using neat (unmodified) asphalt binder. For this evaluation, a nanoclay modified and unmodified binder was used. The RAP (aged) binder was prepared by putting the unmodified binder in the Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) and two cycles of Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). Then, the rutting, fatigue, and low-temperature performance of recycled binders with different percentages of RAP during the aging of the binder were evaluate by performing Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) at low temperature and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) at high-temperature and medium temperatures. The results demonstrated that the maximum use of 20% RAP binder (33% RAP material) was allowed in the recycled pavement using nanomodified binder. While the maximum use of 10% RAP binder (17% RAP material) was allowed with the unmodified binder. This increase in the incorporation of RAP percentage in recycled asphalt pavement can pave the path to industrialize the use of the nanomodified binder in the recycling of asphalt pavement and its usage in severe weather conditions.
Clustering Neural Network Analysis of Recreational Fisheries Management Strategies

This study utilized data extracted from the 2013 National Saltwater Angler Survey to understand saltwater recreational anglers’ preferences toward recreational fisheries management strategies, to identify groups exhibiting common patterns of responses, and to examine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the groups identified. Saltwater recreational anglers’ preferences toward recreational fisheries management strategies were examined through factor analysis which identified four reliable factors. Cluster analysis was employed to identify three prominent recreational angler groups. Statistical tests were employed to investigate the association between socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender, income level, educational level, region of the respondent, and the identified recreational angler groups. The multilayer perceptron neural network model was utilized as a predictive model in deciding recreational anglers’ preferences toward recreational fishing management strategies. From an architectural perspective, it showed a 15-7-3 neural network construction. The results also revealed that fisheries habitat development and bag limit consideration were the greatest effect on how the recreational anglers’ preferences in terms of recreational fisheries management strategies. Results of this study may provide insight regarding the preferences toward recreational fisheries management strategies from saltwater recreational anglers as an indicator of potential participation and behavior of saltwater recreational fisheries management.
Changes in Single-Specialty Postoperative Opioid Prescribing Patterns in Response to Legislation: Single-Institution Analysis Over Time.

ObjectivesTo determine changes in the prescriptions of postoperative opioids in response to Florida state legislation restricting the number of days for which these medications could be prescribed ...
The Persistent Complex Bereavement Inventory: a measure based on the DSM-5

The Persistent Complex Bereavement Inventory (PCBI) was developed to facilitate research into the construct of persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD). Across 2 studies, the PCBI yielded a stable 3-factor structure that corresponded with DSM-5 criteria for PCBD. The PCBI demonstrated solid reliability in the forms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlation analyses provided evidence of the measure's construct, convergent, and divergent validity. The PCBI predicted outcomes, above and beyond measures of prolonged grief disorder, separation anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. In addition, the Social/Identity Disruption subscale was able to predict future negative religious coping, harmful health behaviors, hallucinations, somatic complaints, medical conditions, and suicidal ideation. This article provides preliminary evidence for a reliable and valid way to measure PCBD symptomatology.
An Examination of How Supervisors Influence Their Subordinates to Engage in Environmental Behaviors

Employee engagement in environmental behaviors is an important topic in operations management. Drawing upon stakeholder, commitment, and organizational support theories, this study creates and tests an empirical model of how store managers (i.e., supervisors) influence their direct reports (i.e., subordinates) to become engaged in environmental behaviors. Based on a dataset derived from supervisors and their subordinates who are employed at the same grocery store location across a large retail grocery chain, we test our study's nomological model and find support for the linkages proposed. Key research and managerial implications are discussed
Micro RNAs, novel classifiers for human osteosarcoma chemosensitivity

B15 Background: Despite the increased survival rate of osteosarcoma patients attributed to adjuvant chemotherapy, at least one third of the patients still succumb to their disease. Furthermore, ultra-aggressive combination chemotherapy is associated with considerable acute and long term toxicity. Further improvements in the management of osteosarcoma seemingly depend on diagnostic and prognostic tools that may allow for a more risk adapted and individualized treatment. Non-coding micro RNAs hold great promise as new prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we systematically investigated the micro RNA expression in response to doxorubicin, cisplatin or ifosfamide using osteosarcoma tumor xenografts that are either sensitive or resistant to these compounds. Materials and Methods: Fragments of tissue from biopsies or surgically removed tumors from 10 patients with osteosarcoma were implanted s.c. into the flanks of nude mice to established the xenografts. After evaluated the responsiveness to the drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide), the xenografts were harvested to quantify micro RNA expression profiles utilizing high throughput Luminex FlexmiRTM Micro RNA expression assay. The clustering and Venn diagram analysis was performed by GeneSpring software to group xenografts based on their sensitivity to each of the three drugs with 2-fold cut off. Results : There were 22 micro RNAs associated with doxorubicin sensitivity and 36 and 29 micro RNAs with cisplatin and ifosfamide sensitivity, respectively. Venn diagram analysis showed 3 overlapping micro RNAs (hsa-miR-140, hsa-miR-217, and hsa-miR-431) among the three different drugs. There were 9 overlapping micro RNAs between doxorubicin and cisplatin or cisplatin and ifosfamide. Doxorubicin and ifosfamide shared the other unique 5 micro RNAs. It is interesting to note that hsa-miR-140 was highly over-expressed by an average of nearly 5 fold in the sensitive vs. resistance group for all three drugs. Hsa-miR-140 is reported to be uniquely associated with bone development by targeting histone deacetylases 4, one of the critical targets for anti-cancer therapy due to its critical role in apoptosis. Conclusion: We have identified candidate micro RNAs as classifiers to chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma treatment. Some of these micro RNAs may be important in contributing to increased understanding of post-transcriptional and/or translational controls in drug resistance mechanism, and potentially for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal with Recipes (O’Connor)

This work is a book review considering the title The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal with Recipes by Kaori O’Connor.
Public relations, professionalism, and the public interest

The public interest statement contained in the PRSA Code of Professional Standards is unduly vague and provides neither a working definition of “public interest” nor any guidance for the performance of what most professions consider to be a primary value. This paper addresses the question of what might constitute public relations service in the public interest, and calls for more stringent guidelines to be developed whereby the profession may advance its service goals more clearly.
Quantum Statistical Theory of Electron Correlation

The average electrostatic potential distribution about a given electron is calculated for a system of point-charge electrons embedded in a neutralizing continuum of positive charge. The calculation is classical, involving a Poisson equation of the Debye-H\"uckel type, except that the electron density is treated by means of Fermi-Dirac statistics as in the Thomas-Fermi theory of the atom. The calculated energy due to electrostatic interactions agrees with the quantum-mechanical exchange plus correlation energy over the observed range of metal valence-electron densities, $2\ensuremath{\leqq}{r}_{s}\ensuremath{\leqq}6$, but is too small at larger and smaller densities. (${r}_{s}$ is the electron-sphere radius in units of the Bohr radius.) The equilibrium density ($T=p=0$) occurs at ${r}_{s}=4.3$, at which point the compressibility is 69 per megabar. The electronic specific heat is linear in $T$ at low temperatures and varies from 0.9 to 0.74 of the Sommerfeld value over the observed metal density range.
Crystal structure of the Homo sapiens kynureninase-3-hydroxyhippuric acid inhibitor complex: insights into the molecular basis of kynureninase substrate specificity.

Homo sapiens kynureninase is a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of 3-hydroxykynurenine to yield 3-hydroxyanthranilate and l-alanine as part of the tryptophan catabolic pathway leading to the de novo biosynthesis of NAD+. This pathway results in quinolinate, an excitotoxin that is an NMDA receptor agonist. High levels of quinolinate have been correlated with the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as AIDS-related dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. We have synthesized a novel kynureninase inhibitor, 3-hydroxyhippurate, cocrystallized it with human kynureninase, and solved the atomic structure. On the basis of an analysis of the complex, we designed a series of His-102, Ser-332, and Asn-333 mutants. The H102W/N333T and H102W/S332G/N333T mutants showed complete reversal of substrate specificity between 3-hydroxykynurenine and l-kynurenine, thus defining the primary residues contributing to substrate specificity in kynureninases.
Gauge Theory of Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions

Starting from the recent U(3) $\ensuremath{\bigotimes}$ U(3) gauge model of strong interactions, we discuss the very natural synthesis with Weinberg's model of leptons. As a result of the interplay of the two models (a) neutral $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=1$ currents are eliminated without enlarging the number of quarks, and (b) a natural $(3,\overline{3})\ensuremath{\bigoplus}(3,\overline{3})$ symmetry breaking emerges for the hadrons. Incorporation of alternative lepton theories is mentioned.
Analysis of field effect transistors with arbitrary charge distribution

Solutions of field effect equations in which carrier density and space-charge distributions are considered in general form show that the LF terminal characteristics are not strongly dependent on the shape of the distribution curves. General expressions for mutual transconductance, output conductance, junction capacitance and current amplification are derived as functions of the depletion layer thickness at the device boundaries. These expressions are not explicitly dependent on charge distribution. Relationships between the small-signal and dc terminal characteristics depend on the shape of the charge distribution curves but cannot be varied by more than a factor of two. The shape of the device is shown to have secondary importance.