cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The SOL-2/Neto Auxiliary Protein Modulates the Function of AMPA-Subtype Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors

Summary The neurotransmitter glutamate mediates excitatory synaptic transmission by gating ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). AMPA receptors (AMPARs), a subtype of iGluR, are strongly implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. We previously discovered two classes of AMPAR auxiliary proteins in C. elegans that modify receptor kinetics and thus change synaptic transmission. Here, we have identified another auxiliary protein, SOL-2, a CUB-domain protein that associates with both the related auxiliary subunit SOL-1 and with the GLR-1 AMPAR. In sol-2 mutants, behaviors dependent on glutamatergic transmission are disrupted, GLR-1-mediated currents are diminished, and GLR-1 desensitization and pharmacology are modified. Remarkably, a secreted variant of SOL-1 delivered in trans can rescue sol-1 mutants, and this rescue depends on in cis expression of SOL-2. Finally, we demonstrate that SOL-1 and SOL-2 have an ongoing role in the adult nervous system to control AMPAR-mediated currents.
Features of electron current layers: Comparison between three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations and Cluster observations

[1] Wygant et al. (2005) and more recently Chen et al. (2008) reported Cluster observations on some basic features of electron current layers (ECL) in the magnetotail. These features include (1) a bifurcated ECL consisting of two layers with relatively large currents separated by a region of small current, (2) peaked density at the ECL center bordered by extended low-density regions, (3) bipolar Hall electric fields (EHall), (4) fine-scale, large-amplitude spiky turbulence in the electric fields normal to the plane of the ECL (En), (5) energized electrons that become increasingly isotropized toward the ECL central region, (6) cold electrons bordering the ECL, (7) ions accelerated by the Hall electric field, and (8) ions counterstreaming against the ions accelerated by EHall on both the north and south sides of the neutral sheet at the ECL midplane. We compare all these features with results from fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of an ECL. Simulations reveal that the fine structures in the electric fields inside the ECL are created by the ECL-driven electrostatic instabilities, which are instrumental in rapid heating and isotropization of the electrons with power law energy distribution, Fe(E) ≈ E−0.7. The heated electrons set up ambipolar electric fields (Ea) in the central part of the ECL, reflecting ions accelerated by EHall. The overall structures in the normal electric fields result from the superposition of EHall, Ea, and the instability-generated electric fields.
Using group theory and transition matrices to study a class of metaheuristic neighborhoods

Abstract The one-step conjugative rearrangement neighborhood of all possible incumbent tours in an n -city single-agent Traveling Salesperson Problem is represented by a transition matrix. Using these matrices and employing group theory and the symmetric group on n letters, we show that all such matrices will fall into three different types: (1) irreducible matrices with one set of tours, (2) irreducible cyclic matrices of period 2 with two distinct sets of tours, and (3) reducible matrices with two equal-sized distinct sets of tours. In addition to giving the required conditions that yield each neighborhood type, we briefly discuss how these results are easily extended to multi-agent traveling salesperson problems and suggest directions for future investigations.
Patient Perceptions of Oncologist–Patient Communication About Prognosis: Changes From Initial Diagnosis to Cancer Recurrence

Cancer recurrence presents oncologists with many challenges, including discussing prognosis. A thematic analysis of patient interviews was conducted to learn more about how this challenge is met by doctors and patients in their communication. Female patients being treated for a cancer recurrence at a comprehensive cancer center (N = 30) were asked to recall how they discussed their prognosis with oncologists when initially diagnosed and when the cancer recurred. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematic analysis applied to patients' remarks concerning prognosis. Following comparison of prognosis quotes identified in the transcript, two primary themes were drawn from the data: communicating optimism at the initial diagnosis; and communicating chronic disease management at recurrence. Three subthemes were also identified in the recurrence communication: managing the new information; ambiguous communication about the prognosis; and the information seeking paradox. Problematic integration theory is offered as an important explanatory mechanism for understanding oncologist-patient communication about prognosis during a cancer recurrence.
Measurement of lateral muscle forces on the dental arches.

Abstract A transducer system has been devised for registering lateral forces exerted on the dental arches as a result of oro-facial muscle activity. Electronic integration has been employed to derive the mean force operating in an area over given time periods. A simultaneous registration of moment-by-moment fluctuations can also be made, permitting detailed study of any segment of a record. Errors from the use of transducer systems have been substantially eliminated, with the exception of those arising from muscle displacement by the sensing device, for which correction curves are presented. Findings showed that muscle contact was not always distributed evenly over the sensing instrument when lateral muscle forces were being examined. Therefore, the commonly employed pressure transduction devices are unsuitable for this type of examination. A force detection device, such as the one described, is necessary for investigations in this field.
The behavior of p- and n-doped contacts in a space-charge depletion region

Abstract A qualitative description of the floating potential, the forward and the reverse characteristics of both p- and n-doped contacts located in the space-charge depletion region of a reverse-biased p-n junction is presented. A model to explain the occurrence of space-charge-limited injection of electrons from an n-doped contact and of holes from a p-doped contact is described. A method of obtaining increased injection of electrons from a p-doped contact is shown. By analogy with a vacuum diode this mode of injection is termed “temperature-limited”. Measurements of the floating potential of both p- and n-doped contacts and of the space-charge-limited and temperature-limited currents are reported.
Slope of the λ Curve of Liquid Helium

Landau's theory of liquid helium is developed to give an approximate value of the slope of the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ curve in terms of the quantities $(\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}})\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}$, $(\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{{p}_{0}})\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{p}_{0}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}$, and $(\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\mu}})\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\mu}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}$. From the experimental data on the coefficient of expansion and the pressure variation of the velocities of first and second sound, the following numerical values are derived for these quantities: $\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}=\ensuremath{-}0.57, \frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{{p}_{0}}\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{p}_{0}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}=+0.26, \frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\mu}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}=\ensuremath{-}1.8.$ The negative slope of the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ curve can then be explained and its magnitude predicted with an accuracy of about 15 percent.
Synthesis and in vivo biodistribution of F-18 labeled 3-cis-, 3-trans-, 4-cis-, and 4-trans-fluorocyclohexane derivatives of WAY 100635

Radioligands that are specific for the serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor will be useful in characterizing the physiological action of this receptor subtype. With radioligands of varying pharmacokinetic properties, investigators can measure not only receptor density, but also the effect of endogenous serotonin concentration. To this end, three additional fluorinated analogs of WAY 100635 were prepared and evaluated as 5-HT(1A) receptor ligands of varying pharmacokinetic properties based on our previous studies. These four compounds are cis-4-fluoro-, trans-4-fluoro-, cis-3-fluoro-, and trans-3-fluoro-N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamides (FCWAYs). All four compounds were characterized and radiolabeled with fluorine-18, a 109.7 min half-life radionuclide used in positron emission tomography. We then determined in vitro inhibition constants at the 5-HT(1A) receptor; in vitro metabolic profile, using rat hepatocytes and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS); and the rate of defluorination and hippocampus to cerebellum ratio ex vivo. This led to the conclusion that high affinity 4-trans-F-18 FCWAY had the best properties for measuring receptor density given its high hippocampus to cerebellum ratio and 3-cis-F-18 FCWAY had the best properties for measuring dynamic change in receptors, with lower affinity and faster pharmacokinetics.
An investigation of how incorrect examples can enhance tax rule comprehension

Abstract Based on Popper's (1962) falsification theory, this study tests whether tax students perform better when examples that fail to satisfy technical requirements are presented rather than examples that do satisfy the requirements. Rule application problems were given to the students immediately after instruction, a few days later, and at the end of the semester. To test for potential intervening effects, GPA and overall course performance were statistically controlled. The results indicate that presenting examples which do not satisfy certain tax rules generally leads to better test performance than presenting correctly applied examples. Moreover, this tended to be true for all students, regardless of their overall course performance.
High-Q Contacted Ring Microcavities with Scatterer-Avoiding “Wiggler” Supermode Fields

We demonstrate novel, azimuthally periodic microcavities with core attachments. Radiative coupling between degenerate modes leads to imaginary frequency (Q) splitting and a scatterer avoiding high-Q supermode field with measured Q’s up to 258,000.
NON-RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF ADSORBATES ON CATALYTIC SURFACES: THE ROLE OF ADSORBATE MOBILITIES ON REACTION RATES

An important step in any Langmuir-Hinshelwood process is the surface migration of reactants to a critical distance at which a reaction can occur with reasonable probability. It is usually assumed that once the reactants reach catalytic surface, they diffuse rapidly and the main barrier for the product formation on the surface is in the reaction step. In highly exothermic surface reactions, the barrier for the reaction step is often not very large. In such cases, the surface reaction may be diffusion-controlled. This gives rise to a non-random distribution of the adsorbates on the catalyst surface. A model to describe the chemical reaction under such conditions is proposed. The consequences of limited adsorbate mobility are studied through two examples. It is shown that limited adsorbate mobilities can significantly alter the actual reaction rate realized.
Breathing new life into lung transplantation therapy.

Approximately 1,000–1,500 lung transplants per year are performed in the United States for various indications. However, there is a significant shortage of suitable donor lungs, and many on waiting lists die before a lung becomes available. In contrast to cadaveric kidneys, which have been successfully utilized for many years, the use of cadaveric lungs is not yet feasible. However, the decellularization of whole cadaveric lungs and their subsequent recellularization with fetal or neonatal cells in rodent models may provide an alternative approach for the generation of transplantable lungs or lung tissue. Such intact scaffolds can conceivably be seeded with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or adult stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, derived from individual patients and subsequently utilized for autologous transplantation. The decellularized lungs would thus lack donor cells that express immune epitopes that could potentially participate in immune rejection. This would provide an organ that could conceivably avoid both the problem of chronic immune rejection and the paucity of donor organs. However, the drawbacks to this approach are the difficulty of recapitulating the highly complex structure of lung tissue, which comprises more than 60 cell types whose activities must be carefully orchestrated and coordinated, providing that they can even be generated from stem cells, to obtain a functional lung. Nevertheless, the feasibility of using a whole decellularized lung as a scaffold for the generation of an experimental and functional lung replacement has now been addressed in four recent and exciting articles.1,2,3,4
A His bundle electrocardiographic analysis of cardiac conduction in the pediatric and adolescent patient

Abstract Bipolar electrode catheter recordings of His bundle electrograms with three simultaneously recorded surface electrocardiographic leads were obtained from 30 pediatric and adolescent patients (aged 3 to 18 years). In 14 patients, cardiac murmurs were proved to be innocent by cardiac catheterization. The control conduction intervals were compared to those of 13 patients with congenital heart disease, and three with acquired heart disease (myocardiopathy, rheumatic valvular disease, and Friedreich's ataxia). P-R, intra-atrial (P-A), A-V nodal (A-H), and intraventricular (H-V) conduction intervals were measured to the nearest 5 msec. Conduction delays were analyzed in each of the three components of the P-R interval. These delays occurred both in single components of the system as well as in combined conduction delays and were not always demonstrable by surface electrocardiograms. The Wenckebach phenomenon induced by atrial pacing was localized to the A-V node as well as the His-Purkinje system. This technique of intracardiac electrogram recordings is safe, does not significantly prolong cardiac catheterization time, and often yields unique and useful data concerning A-V conduction.
Large volume neutron detectors with subnanosecond time dispersions

Abstract Design criteria and performance characteristics are described for large-volume (13.1 1 to 118 1) mean-timed plastic-scintillator detectors for neutrons from ≈2 MeV to 2 GeV. Detectors were constructed in six sizes (all 0.102 m thick) from 0.126 m × 1.016 m × 0.102 m to 0.762 m × 1.524 m × 0.102 m. Overall energy resolutions of 230 keV for 80 MeV neutrons, 320 keV for 133 MeV neutrons, and 440 keV for 157 MeV neutrons were achieved in time-of-flight experiments with flight paths of 76, 68, and 91 m, respectively. The detectors have pulse-height responses uniform to ±5% except close to the ends, position resolutions less than 5 cm, and intrinsic time dispersions less than 400 ps. Typical neutron detection efficiencies are 20% for 20 MeV neutrons at a pulse-height threshold of 2 MeV equivalent-electron energy (MeV ee) and 3.5% for 200 MeV neutrons at a pulse-height threshold of 50 MeV ee.
In situ solid-state NMR studies of ethanol photocatalysis: characterization of surface sites and their reactivities

Abstract In situ solid-state NMR methodologies have been employed to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of ethanol (C2H5OH) over two TiO2-based catalysts, Degussa P-25 powder and a monolayer TiO2 catalyst dispersed on porous Vycor glass. Two adsorption sites were observed for ethanol, a chemisorbed species identified as an ethoxide species, and a hydrogen-bonded species. The Ti-bound ethoxide was found to be the more photocatalytically reactive species. 13 C magic-angle spinning (MAS) experiments revealed that long-lived intermediates, including acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), acetic acid, formic acid, and acetate were observed under dry conditions and in the presence of molecular oxygen. Similar reaction intermediates form on the surfaces of both catalysts. 13 C cross-polarization MAS experiments allowed us to identify and follow the evolution of surface-bound species during UV irradiation. Acetate, which forms from mobile acetic acid, appears to be bound to the non-irradiated surfaces of the powdered TiO2 catalyst, and was also observed on the surface of TiO2/PVG catalyst, and further degradation was not possible. The presence of molecular oxygen was found to be essential for photooxidation to proceed.
Fabrication of site‐controlled InGaN quantum dots using reactive‐ion etching

We adopted the simple top-down etching to fabricate site- and dimension-controlled InGaN quantum dots. Each quantum dot is disk shaped and embedded in a nanoscale pillar. Arrays of nanopillars with varying densities and nanopillar diameters were fabricated from an InGaN/GaN single quantum well using inductively-coupled plasma reactive-ion etching. Micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL) was used to characterize the emission properties of individual and ensemble of nanopillars. Strong and distinct PL signal of a single nanopillar was observed even at the room temperature. The emission was found to exhibit characteristics from a discrete energy state that is homogeneously broadened. The ensemble of nanopillars exhibited a similar emission linewidth as the single nanopillar, indicating a well controlled quantum dot dimensions and uniformity. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Group Testing for Case Identification with Correlated Responses

This article examines group testing procedures where units within a group (or pool) may be correlated. The expected number of tests per unit (i.e., efficiency) of hierarchical- and matrix-based procedures is derived based on a class of models of exchangeable binary random variables. The effect on efficiency of the arrangement of correlated units within pools is then examined. In general, when correlated units are arranged in the same pool, the expected number of tests per unit decreases, sometimes substantially, relative to arrangements that ignore information about correlation.
Being moral and handling the truth

It is generally agreed that Kant went too far in his claim that it is wrong to lie even if doing so will save an individual's life. The question remains whether it is morally permissible to tell a lie even if this does not involve saving the life of another individual. In this essay, I seek to answer this question affirmatively while at the same time setting strong constraints for when a lie (not involving saving a life) is morally permissible. I argue that lying is morally permissible in the face of what I call an egregious morally infelicitous question. Further, in some cases, lying is not only morally permissible but even reflects an unmistakable instance of considerable self-sacrifice. Needless to say, lies that constitute an instance of self-sacrifice are extremely rare. However, this possibility brings into sharp relief the truth that a lie need not stem from unsavory moral motives; it is upon this truth that the argument that it is morally permissible to lie in the face of an egregious morally infelicitous question relies. This essay ends with the quite poignant observation that there is nothing stable about out a society in which, owing to an unfailing duty to tell the truth, a person can obtain the truth merely by asking an egregious morally infelicitous question.
Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Selective Blockade of the Cardiac Slowly Activating Delayed Rectifier Current, IKs, in Canine Models of Malignant Ischemic Ventricular Arrhythmia

Background —To date, the lack of potent and selective inhibitors has hampered the physiological assessment of modulation of the cardiac slowly activating delayed rectifier current, I Ks . The present study, using the I Ks blocker L-768,673, represents the first in vivo assessment of the cardiac electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of selective I Ks blockade. Methods and Results —In an anesthetized canine model of recent (8.5±0.4 days) anterior myocardial infarction, 0.003 to 0.03 mg/kg L-768,673 IV significantly suppressed electrically induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias and reduced the incidence of lethal arrhythmias precipitated by acute, thrombotically induced posterolateral myocardial ischemia. Antiarrhythmic protection afforded by L-768,673 was accompanied by modest 7% to 10% increases in noninfarct zone ventricular effective refractory period, 3% to 5% increases in infarct zone ventricular effective refractory period, and 4% to 6% increases in QTc interval. In a conscious canine model of healed (3 to 4 weeks) anterior myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation was provoked by transient occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery during submaximal exercise. Pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg L-768,673 IV elicited a modest 7% increase in QTc, prevented ventricular fibrillation in 5 of 6 animals, and suppressed arrhythmias in 2 additional animals. Conclusions —The present findings suggest that selective blockade of I Ks may be a potentially useful intervention for the prevention of malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmias.
Vibrational Spectroscopy in Optics and Spectroscopy

Since 1959, when the Optical Society of America commenced cover-to-cover translation of the Russian journal, Optika i Spektroskopiya, the translated version, Optics and Spectroscopy, has contained about 150 articles in the field of vibrational spectroscopy. The quality of the translations is high and their content merits the close attention of spectroscopists. The present review, dealing with the period from January, 1959, until March, 1961, is not intended to be exhaustively comprehensive but is focused on selected topics, so that some articles, especially those of a more empirical nature, are omitted.
Suicide across the phases of life.

A suicide trajectory model is applied to explain commonalities and age differences in risk factors affecting suicide across the life span.
Fast frequency domain crosstalk analysis for board-level EMC rule checking and optimization

A fast and accurate method for analyzing frequency domain crosstalk between signal lines in printed circuit boards is described in this paper. An integrated parasitic extraction and crosstalk analysis methodology has been employed since the parasitic elements are essential for the crosstalk noise analysis. The implementation of the integrated extraction and crosstalk analysis requires computation time of the order of milliseconds, which makes the technique suitable for EMC rule checking and EMC/crosstalk aware board level optimization. Trend analysis for variation of crosstalk noise with separation between the signal lines, for both striplines and microstrip lines, has been presented.
The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards: Force or Farce for Masters of Education Programs?

Abstract This paper discusses the foundation and growth of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). It also examines the benefits and requirements of the NBPTS and how these standards may affect the continuum of teacher education programs, particularly with regard to aligning the programs to the five propositions. Current studies advocating change in masters programs in institutions of higher education are reviewed. A summary of revisions and considerations made by several universities is also provided. Web sites are also provided for up-to-date information.
State-of-charge estimation for a single Lithium battery cell using Extended Kalman Filter

An accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is desired in most battery systems. It increases the reliability of the system and extends the lifetime of the battery. This paper proposes an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm to estimate the SOC of a Lithium battery cell. To implement the SOC algorithm, an improved Lithium battery cell model is used. The results of the model and EKF algorithm show the effectiveness and ease of implementation of the proposed technique.
Sildenafil: Clinical Toxicology Profile

Background: Sildenafil is indicated for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. It has been used successfully in males to remediate problems associated with impaired neural and/or hemodynamic response to sexual stimulation. Sildenafil is a cyclic guanosine-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that prevents the metabolism of cyclic guanosine which produces arterial smooth muscle relaxation within the corpora cavernosa of the penis and ultimately enhances penile tumescence. Inherent to its pharmacology, sildenafil produces mild decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an array of minimal side effects due to the inhibition of other types of phosphodiesterase. Drug interactions involving the concurrent use of sildenafil with nitrates and nitrites are well-documented and can produce profound hypotension leading to decreased coronary perfusion and myocardial infarction. Sildenafil is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4, and inhibitors of this enzyme (e.g., macrolide antibiotics, antifungals, cimetidine) may increase sildenafil serum concentrations and lead to enhanced pharmacological and toxicological effects. The antiviral protease inhibitors have been demonstrated to inhibit first-pass metabolism and increase serum concentrations and half-life of sildenafil. Discussion: Previously unpublished data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System indicate that unintentional pediatric exposures to sildenafil are unlikely to be associated with adverse effects. Adults may experience effects similar to those identified in the preclinical trials. This may be due to larger doses in this population, preexisting cardiovascular pathology, or the concomitant use of contraindicated medications.
Associations of emotion-related regulation with language skills, emotion knowledge, and academic outcomes

Research suggests that the development of emotional regulation in early childhood is interrelated with emotional understanding and language skills. Heuristic models are proposed on how these factors influence children’s emerging academic motivation and skills.
Corrosion Estimation of a Historic Truss Bridge Using Model Updating

Bridge structures are valuable national assets for transportation and economy that should be maintained properly for continuous stable operation. Corrosion is common in steel bridges; severe corrosion may result in significant economic impact and long downtime for retrofit. To date, various corrosion evaluation technologies have been developed such as nondestructive evaluation techniques and analytical model updating strategies. Among them, nondestructive evaluation is costly and time consuming for scanning entire bridges. For model updating, few examples on full-scale bridges with severe corrosion have been reported. In this paper, the corrosion level in a historic steel-truss bridge is estimated using model updating. Dynamic characteristics of the bridge are identified via a series of short-term full-scale experiments. An initial finite-element model of this bridge is then updated to match the field corrosion estimation results. The corrosion levels predicted by the proposed approach were consistent with the results of a visual inspection of this bridge. The results of the model updating routine could be used to monitor the overall corrosion levels in the structure with periodic inspection over time.
Endoscope-assisted fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures

3. Matz D: Retrospektive Studie iiber die Versorgung von Frakturen im Gesichtsbereich unter Beticksichtigung klinikrelevanter uncl sozialwirt schaftlicher Aspekte. Thesis, Medical Faculty University of Freiburg, Germany, 1997 4. Ellis E, Dean J: Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path01 76:6, 1993 5. Zide MF, Kent JN: Indications for open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 4189, 1983 6. Hall MB: Condylar fractures: Surgical management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 52: 1189, 1994 7. Walker RV: Condylar fractures: Nonsurgical management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 52:1185, 1994 8. Eckelt U, Gerber S: Zugschraubenosteosynthese bei Unterkiefergelenkfortsatzfrakturen mit einem neuartigen Osteosynthesebesteck. Zahn Mund Kieferheilk 69:485, 1981 9. Krenkel C: Axial “anchor” screw (lag screw with biconcave washer) or “slanted-screw” plate for osteosynthesis of fractures of the mandibular condyloid process. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 20:348, 1992 10. Koberg W, Momma WG: Treatment of fractures of the articular process by functional stable osteosynthesis using miniaturized dynamic compression plates. Int J Oral Surg 7:256, 1978 11. Moritz M, Niederdellmann H, Dammer R: Fractures condyli ennes mandibulaires: Traitement conservateur versus traitment chiiugical Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 95:268, 1994 12. Steinhauser E: Eingrlffe am Processus articularis auf dem oralen Weg. Dtsch Zabn Z 19:694, 1964 13. Sasaki GH: Endoscopic forehead and perlorbital lift procedures, in Sasaki GH (eds): Endoscopic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, 1996, p 45 14. Whipple TL: The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of intraarticular wrist fractures. Hand Clin 11: 13, 1995 15. Gulp RW, Osterman AL: Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 26:739, 1995 16. Veselko M, Senekovic V, Tonin M: Simple and safe arthroscopic placement and removal of cannulated screw and washer for fixation of tibial avulsion fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 12:259, 1996 17. Mlchel 0: Isolierte mediale Orbitawandfrakturen: Ergebnlsse einer minimal invasiven endoskopisch-kontrollierten endonasalen Operationstechnii. Laryngo-Rhino-Otol72:450, 1991 18. Neugebauer R: Gewebeschonende ventrale Kompressionsschrauben osteosynthese von Dens Frakturen mit endoskopischer Hilfe und speziellem Instrumentarium. Unfallchirurgie 94:313, 1991 19. Lee CH, Lee C, Trabulsy PP: Endoscopic-assisted repair of a malar fracture. Ann Plast Surg 37:178, 1996 20. Segezer M, Sadove RC, Deveci M: Frey’s syndrome following fracture of the mandibular condyle: A case report. Eur J Plast Surg 20:217, 1997 21. Antoniades K, Karakasis D, Elephtheriades J: Bitid mandibular condyle resulting from a sagittal fracture of the condylar head. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:124, 1993
Constraining the strongly coupled standard model including a W' isotriplet.

We consider the strongly coupled standard model (Abbott-Farhi model) including an isotriplet of {ital W}{prime} vector bosons. First we calculate the corrections to the low-energy theory, which can be effectively summarized in terms of the parameters {ital S}, {ital T}, and {ital U}. Then we use high-precision electroweak measurements to constrain the mass and couplings of the {ital W}{prime}. The {ital W}{prime} couplings are restricted to be unnaturally small, and we conclude that this model is no longer compelling as a theory of the electroweak interactions. {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Physical Society.}
Moisture migration through chocolate-flavored confectionery coatings

The effect of sucrose, lactose, dextrose, cocoa powder, emulsifier, fat type, and storage environment on the water vapor permeability (WVP) of chocolate-flavored coatings was studied. The WVP of fat films decreased with an increase in the solid fat content (SFC). Cocoa powder and lecithin increased the WVP whereas sugar decreased the WVP through the coatings. There was an increase in the WVP with an increase in the absolute value of the relative humidity across coating containing about 12.5% cocoa powder, 33% sucrose, 0.5% lecithin in coconut oil. This increase was due to swelling of the cocoa powder particles that changed the structure of the coatings. Replacing sucrose with dextrose increased the WVP of the coatings. Failure of the coatings as a moisture barrier at sub-zero temperatures resulted from fracture induced by swelling of the cocoa powder.
Nursing interventions for a chronically ill, nonadherent teenager with a psychiatric diagnosis.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To describe the complex care of an adolescent with chronic psychiatric and medical problems. CONCLUSIONS. The nonadherent, self-abusing, adolescent was empowered to progress developmentally, as well asmedically. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. A planned team approach helped the adolescent become more developmentally appropriate and independent in self-care. The care plan designed by nursing staff included a change in nursing focus, creative problem solving, team nursing, and utilization of multidisciplinary resources. Search terms: Adolescence, behavior management, chronic illness, medical-psychiatric management, nonadherence, nursing interventions, psychosocial.
Successful pregnancy after high-dose cyclophosphamide, carboplatinum, and taxol with peripheral blood stem cell transplant in a young woman with ovarian carcinoma.

Abstract Background. Both ovarian carcinoma and high-dose chemotherapy tend to preclude future pregnancies. Case. We report a case of a young woman with borderline ovarian carcinoma and invasive tumor implants who underwent surgical debulking with preservation of future fertility followed by carboplatinum, paclitaxel (Taxol), and subsequent high-dose chemotherapy with subsequent peripheral blood stem cell rescue as part of a phase I clinical trial. After a brief period of amenorrhea, the patient had a successful pregnancy that was complicated by a spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. Several months later she conceived and delivered a healthy baby at term. Conclusions. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of pregnancy after high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant in a woman with ovarian carcinoma.
Use of a novel vitamin D bioavailability test demonstrates that vitamin D absorption is decreased in patients with quiescent Crohn's disease.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of normal subjects and patients with quiescent CD to absorb vitamin D2 using a novel vitamin D bioavailability test. In addition, we evaluated whether the location of disease or previous surgery had any influence on the bioavailability of vitamin D2 in CD patients. Methods: Ten normal subjects (50% female) and 37 CD patients with quiescent disease (51% female) were included in this study. Subjects who recently received any vitamin D2 were excluded. The vitamin D bioavailability test was performed in all subjects. After a baseline blood draw, all subjects were then given a single 50,000 IU oral dose of vitamin D2 in a capsule formulation and had their blood drawn 12 hours later to determine serum vitamin D2, which reflected their vitamin D2 absorption capacity. Results: Forty-two percent and 29% of CD patients were found to be either vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≤20 ng/mL] or insufficient [25(OH)D 21–29 ng/mL], respectively. Twelve hours after ingesting 50,000 IU vitamin D2, vitamin D2 levels rose from a baseline of 0.7 ± 0.7 ng/mL (mean ± SEM) to 49.8 ± 3.0 ng/mL in normal subjects. In CD patients, baseline vitamin D2 levels rose from 0 ng/mL to 34.8 ± 2.8 ng/mL. CD patients had on average a 30% decrease in their ability to absorb vitamin D2 (P = 0.01). Moreover, we found a wide variability of vitamin D2 bioavailability in CD patients. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistical difference of vitamin D2 bioavailability between patients in the CD subgroup stratified by the location of disease, the type of surgery, and receiving or not receiving surgery. Conclusions: More than 70% of the patients with quiescent CD were vitamin D-deficient or insufficient. The ability to absorb vitamin D2 in CD patients is unpredictable and the only way to determine this is to perform a vitamin D bioavailability test. Use of this test may guide clinicians in administering the appropriate therapeutic dose of vitamin D for treating vitamin D deficiency in patients with CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Tumor-Suppressive Activity of the Cell Death Activator GRIM-19 on a Constitutively Active Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) was originally identified as a transcription factor that mediates cytokine-induced responses. In these pathways, Janus-activated kinase (JAK)-induced transient tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 promotes gene expression in response to a number of cytokines, which is inhibited by feedback mechanisms. A number of studies have shown that STAT3 is constitutively activated in human cancer cells, leading to cell proliferation. It is unclear, apart from a chronic tyrosyl phosphorylation of STAT3, what mechanisms contribute to the STAT3 deregulation in tumors. Earlier, we have isolated a novel growth inhibitory gene product, gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19), using a genetic approach. GRIM-19 is an IFN/retinoic acid-regulated growth suppressor. Subsequent analyses have shown that GRIM-19 binds to STAT3 and prevents interleukin-6-induced transcription of cellular genes. However, its effects on a constitutively active STAT3 and cellular transformation are unknown. In this study, we show that GRIM-19 suppresses constitutive STAT3-induced cellular transformation in vitro and in vivo by down-regulating the expression of a number of cellular genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Leptin in pregnancy.

Leptin is a polypeptide hormone that aids in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis and is linked to a variety of reproductive processes in both animals and humans. Thus, leptin may help regulate ovarian development and steroidogenesis and serve as either a primary signal initiating puberty or as a permissive regulator of sexual maturation. Perhaps significantly, peripheral leptin concentrations, adjusted for adiposity, are dramatically higher in females than in males throughout life. During primate pregnancy, maternal levels that arise from adipose stores and perhaps the placenta increase with advancing gestational age. Proposed physiological roles for leptin in pregnancy include the regulation of conceptus growth and development, fetal/placental angiogenesis, embryonic hematopoiesis, and hormone biosynthesis within the maternal-fetoplacental unit. The specific localization of both leptin and its receptor in the syncytiotrophoblast implies autocrine and/or paracrine relationships in this endocrinologically active tissue. Interactions of leptin with mechanisms regulating pre-eclampsia and maternal diabetes have also been suggested. Collectively, therefore, reports suggest that a better understanding of the regulation of leptin and its role(s) throughout gestation may eventually impact those causes of human perinatal morbidity and mortality that are exacerbated by intrauterine growth retardation, macrosomia, placental insufficiency, or prematurity.
Generalized polynomial identities of finite dimensional central simple algebras

LetD be a finite dimensional central simple algebra with involution * of the first kind. We prove (in a fixed number of variables) the ideal of *-GPI’s ofD is generated by a finite collection of elements of the form [v ij ,v pq ] andv ij −v ij * where thev ij ’s are first degree generalized polynomials.
Endoscopic removal of a granular cell tumor of the esophagus

4 seconds, as determined by counting orally (1-1000, 2-1000, 3-1000, etc.) and then manually shut off. The dark shield is then closed completely and the room lights put on. The picture is easily developed in 60 seconds by following the manufacturer's instructions. Multiple prints, if needed, should be made at this time. Trial and error wi II usually resu It in a very satisfactory print. If the initial print is too dark, a longer period of exposure is needed for the next test print. This is achieved by either keeping the enlarger light on for a few extra seconds or else by opening the lens to the next smallest number. If the picture is too light, less exposure time is required. One can often improve the quality of prints obtained from a poor transparency by
Mobility and routing joint design for lifetime maximization in mobile sensor networks

The positions of mobile sensor nodes and the routing of sensing data to a base station for processing have major impact on the lifetime of a mobile sensor network. Based on our previous work on mobility for lifetime maximization, this paper investigates simultaneously designing mobility and routing strategies of robotic sensor nodes to improve the lifetime of a mobile sensor network. The network lifetime problem was formulated as a nonlinear non-convex optimization problem and is solved distributedly by a series of convex approximations and a proposed novel algorithm. Computer simulations illustrated quick convergence to the solution, and the lifetime of the network was improved tremendously. By comparison, the proposed joint design method has an edge over other methods, which further justifies the use of mobility for energy efficiency in robotic sensor networks.
Racial, Ethnic, and Language Disparities in Early Childhood Developmental/Behavioral Evaluations A Narrative Review

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has proposed “Increasing the proportion of children with mental health problems who receive treatment” as one of its Healthy People 2020 Objectives.(1) With high rates (2) and increasing prevalence of childhood behavioral and developmental (DB) conditions,(3–6) promptly identifying and treating these disorders is important so that children’s functional outcomes can be maximized. In addition, since long-term treatment of childhood DB conditions is expensive,(7–9) intervention in early childhood has the potential to produce large cost savings.(10) However, as with other areas of child health,(11, 12) racial/ethnic and language disparities exist in the diagnosis and treatment of early childhood DB conditions. For instance, compared to other children, African-American and Latino children are less likely to be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and are more likely to be diagnosed at older ages and with more severe symptoms.(13–18) Likewise, African-American and Latino children are less likely to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and are less likely to be treated with a stimulant medication once diagnosed.(19–22) Table 1 summarizes recent peer-reviewed studies of diagnostic disparities in ASD and ADHD, two common early childhood developmental conditions. Similar disparities exist in the areas of overall developmental risk,(23) depression and mental health disorders,(24–26) use of psychotropic medications,(27) and use of mental health services.(28) These racial and ethnic disparities deserve increased attention given recent demographic trends: Census estimates suggest that the U.S. population younger than age 5 is nearly 50% racial/ethnic minority,(29) and some states are now “majority minority” for young children (30) Table 1 Racial and Ethnic Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Diagnosis Rates
Improvement of SRAM-based failure analysis using calibrated Iddq testing

This work presents a methodology to identify integrated circuit yield detractors using SRAM functional test results in combination with a defect-bitmap dictionary. We investigate the accuracy of the defect classification under different forms of voltage testing and current testing. In particular we investigate the benefit of using multiple Iddq current levels calibrated to remove normal parametric variations. We also investigate the effects of unmodeled defects and the ability to identify cases off certain and uncertain diagnosis. We have experimentally validated our approach using a production microprocessor cache.
Adaptive fuzzy frequency hopper

An adaptive fuzzy system generates the frequency hopping sequence for a spread spectrum communications system. The system learns rules from data and acts as a pseudorandom number generator. The IMSL uniform random number generator gives training samples. An adaptive scheme learns associations between previous samples and the current sample and encodes these as fuzzy rules. The output fuzzy set for each rule acts as a conditional probability density function. The if-part of the rule states the conditions. At each step thirty prior outputs, scanned according to a fixed sampling pattern, give a new sample distribution x/sub k/. The vector x/sub k/ partially matches the if-part distribution of a fuzzy rule and partially fires that rule's output fuzzy set. With the estimated output fuzzy sets the fuzzy system computes the conditional density p/sub . >
Index Selection in Relational Databases

An index selection algorithm for relational databases is presented. The problem concerns finding an optimal set of indexes that minimizes the average cost of processing transactions. This cost is measured in terms of the number of I/O accesses. The algorithm presented employs an approach called DROP heuristic. In an extensive test to determine the optimality of the algorithm, it found optimal solutions in all cases. The time complexity of the algorithm shows a substantial improvement when compared with the approach of exhaustively searching through all possible alternatives. This algorithm is further extended to incorporate the clustering property (the relation is stored in a sorted order) and also is extended for application to multiple-file databases.
Observations and modeling of northern mid-latitude recurring slope lineae (RSL) suggest recharge by a present-day martian briny aquifer

Abstract Recurring slope lineae (RSL) are narrow (0.5–5 m) dark features on Mars that incrementally lengthen down steep slopes, fade in colder seasons, and recur annually. These features have been identified from the northern to southern mid-latitudes. Here, we describe how observations of northern mid-latitude RSL in northern Chryse Planitia and southwestern Acidalia Planitia (CAP) suggest that brines start flowing before northern spring equinox and continue for more than half a Mars-year (490 ± 40 sols, spanning solar longitude 337° ± 11°–224° ± 20°). All CAP RSL are found on the steep slopes of craters and their source zones are at or below the elevation of the surrounding plains. Spacecraft-derived surface temperature observations cannot resolve individual RSL, so thermal modeling was used to determine that CAP RSL have a freezing temperature of 238–252 K, freeze and melt diurnally, and flow only occurs within the top ∼8 cm of the regolith. Furthermore, we calculate that a typical CAP RSL has a water budget of 1.5–5.6 m3/m of headwall. Therefore, such a large water budget makes annual recharge via atmospheric or subsurface diffusion sources unlikely. Alternatively, we hypothesize that the most plausible RSL source is a briny aquifer with a freezing temperature less than or equal to the mean annual CAP surface temperature (220–225 K). The annual cycle is as follows: in late autumn, the shallowest part of the brine feeding the source zone freezes, forming an ice dam. As spring approaches, temperatures rise and the dam is breached. Brine is discharged and the RSL initially lengthens rapidly (>1.86 m/sol), the lengthening rate then slows considerably, to ∼0.25 m/sol. Eventually, the losses equal the discharge rate and the RSL reaches its equilibrium phase. As brine flows in the RSL some of the water is lost to the atmosphere, therefore the freezing temperature of the brine within the RSL is higher (238–252 K) as the brine transitions to a super-eutectic salt concentration. In the late autumn, falling temperatures restore the ice dam and the H2O in the RSL slowly sublimates away. Overall, CAP RSL possess a significantly different seasonality and much longer duration than typical southern mid-latitude RSL, suggesting that RSL at different latitude bands have different source types. Lastly, CAP RSL are the best evidence that shallow groundwater may still exist on Mars.