cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Pheromones of Noctuid Moths. IV. An Apparatus for Bioassaying the Pheromones of Six Species

An apparatus using a completely closed flow system is described. Six noctuids, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), Prodenia ornithogalli Guenee, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Heliothis zea (Boddie), H. virescens (F.), and Autographa californica (Speyer) have been bioassayed with this apparatus.
(Invited) Development of in situ Electrochemical Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (eSANS) for Simultaneous Structure and Redox Characterization of Nanoparticles

An in situ electrochemical small-angle neutron scattering (eSANS) method was developed to measure simultaneously the redox properties and size, shape and interactions of solution-dispersed nanomaterials. By combining multi-step potentials and chronocoulometry readout with SANS, the structure and redox properties of engineered nanomaterials are followed in one experiment. Specifically, ZnO nanoparticles were examined as dilute dispersions in pH buffered deuterium oxide solutions under negative electrode potentials. The ZnO disk-shaped nanoparticles undergo an irreversible size transformation upon reduction at the vitreous carbon electrode. The decrease in average nanoparticle size near a current maximum shows the reduction reaction from ZnO to Zn occurs. The eSANS method provides nanometer scale sensitivity to nanoparticle size and shape changes due to an electrochemical reaction that is crucial to understand in energy, healthcare, and other applications.
Studies on the Surface Modification of Benzocyclobutene(BCB) Film By Plasma Ions

The etch rates of BCB film in a reactive ion etcher(RIE) were measured using Ar, O2, O2+CF4, and O2+SF6 gas mixtures. Faster etch rates were obtained when CF4 and SF6 were added to oxygen, since the presence of atomic fluorine enhances the etch rate of organics, while also etching Si and SiO2 formed by exposure to oxygen gas. Surface compositional changes on the BCB film were observed by XPS after plasma modification. Pure O2 and O2+CF4 plasma oxidized the carbo-siloxane linkage (C-Si-O) of the BCB, resulting in the formation of SiO2 on the surface. The O2 +SF6 plasma, however, did not produce the surface SiO2, because of its faster Si and SiO2 etch rates. Ar ion sputtering following the plasma modification, restored the surface chemical composition to a state similar to the initial BCB surface.
Flow Regulates Thrombin Generation Kinetics

Shear stress plays important roles in platelet coagulation. However, in many studies, coagulation rate constants were determined under static conditions. In the present study, we aimed to determine...
Nonlinear Optimization Algorithm for Partially Coherent Phase Retrieval and Source Recovery

We propose a new algorithm for recovering both complex field (phase and amplitude) and source distribution (illumination spatial coherence) from a stack of intensity images captured through focus. The joint recovery is formulated as a nonlinear least-square-error optimization problem, which is solved iteratively by a modified Gauss–Newton method. We derive the gradient and Hessian of the cost function and show that our second-order optimization approach outperforms previously proposed phase retrieval algorithms, for datasets taken with both coherent and partially coherent illumination. The method is validated experimentally in a commercial microscope with both Kohler illumination and a programmable light-emitting diode dome.
Psychotherapy survey research studies: some consistent findings and integrative conclusions

What do surveys about psychotherapists, psychotherapy training, and psychotherapy practice tell us? To address that question, we reviewed a large number of descriptive survey studies of psychotherapists (appearing from 1974 through 1993) and attempted to identify consistent findings that emerged across studies over time. Based upon our examination, some conclusions-which seemingly synthesize and integrate the survey findings from various studies-are proposed and briefly discussed.
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in the Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Invasive mechanical ventilation is often necessary for preterm infants born with underdeveloped lungs. However, invasive mechanical ventilation can induce lung injury and cause bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease characterized by alveolar hypoplasia and impaired pulmonary vascular development. Although the pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial, injury caused by invasive mechanical ventilation plays a significant role. Overdistension of the lung can damage lung resident cells and disrupt the alveolar–capillary barrier with subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, increase in permeability, and influx of neutrophils and macrophages to the lung. In addition to inducing an inflammatory response, invasive mechanical ventilation can also have a negative impact on important signaling pathways regulating alveolar development, such as secondary septation, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and vasculogenesis. The final result is alveolar simplification and abnormal vascular development observed in patients with BPD.
Energy based acoustic source localization

A novel source localization approach using acoustic energy measurements from the individual sensors in the sensor field is presented. This new approach is based on the acoustic energy decay model that acoustic energy decays inverse of distance square under the conditions that the sound propagates in the free and homogenous space and the targets are pre-detected to be in a certain region of the sensor field. This new approach is power efficient and needs low communication bandwidth and therefore, is suitable for the source localization in the distributed sensor network system. Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation with Expectation Maximization (EM) solution and projection solution are proposed to solve this energy based source location (EBL) problem. Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) is derived and used for the sensor deployment analysis. Experiments and simulations are conducted to evaluate ML algorithm with different solutions and to compare it with the Nonlinear Least Square (NLS) algorithm using energy ratio function that we proposed previously. Results show that energy based acoustic source localization algorithms are accurate and robust.
High-throughput screen for inhibitors of androgen receptor-RUNX2 transcriptional regulation in prostate cancer

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression. RUNX2 interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) and modulates its transcriptional activity in a locus-specific manner. RUNX2 and AR synergistically stimulate a subset of genes, including the pro-oncogene snail family zinc finger 2 (SNAI2). AR-RUNX2 signaling cooperatively induces invasiveness of prostate cancer cells via SNAI2; and coexpression of AR, RUNX2, and SNAI2 in prostate cancer biopsy samples predicts disease recurrence. Competitive inhibition of AR alone could not disrupt the synergistic activation of SNAI2. We therefore established a phenotypic cell-based screening assay for compounds that could inhibit AR-RUNX2 synergistic activity either directly or indirectly. This assay was used to screen 880 compounds as a proof of concept, resulting in identification of several compounds that disrupted the synergistic stimulation of genes. Further investigation suggested the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in AR/RUNX2 synergistic activity. Our assay is amenable to high-throughput screening and can be used to identify inhibitors of the AR-RUNX2 interaction in prostate cancer cells.
Digital home health and mHealth: Prospects and challenges for adoption in the U.S

The burgeoning costs of healthcare and growth in consumer use of the Internet to attain health-related information to better manage their health-care, coupled with demographic changes in the industrialized countries, strongly argues for the use of tele-health applications that can lower costs and improve the quality of healthcare delivery. Despite its potential, telehealth and digital home-health, has not progressed as rapidly as anticipated, and there are very few deployments to date. Much discussion has focused on the technology challenges associated with mobile healthcare. This paper however also explores the social, regulatory, and market forces that will affect adoption of mobile telehealth. Using the VISOR business model framework, we examine the value proposition of telehealth and adoption factors. We find that while the value proposition for mobile healthcare is substantial, significant obstacles in the organizational structures and service platforms exist which must be addressed to accelerate adoption in the U.S.
Role of the Sufficiency and Likelihood Principles in Sample Survey Theory

In this paper, the statistical model for sample surveys is first put in the conventional set-up of (Ω, α, p), and it is is shown that a maximal sufficiency reduction is always possible for a sample survey model. The corresponding minimal sufficient statistic is derived. We examine the role of the sufficiency and likelihood principles in the analysis of survey data and arrive at the revolutionary but reasonable conclusion that, once the sample has been drawn, the inference should not depend in any way on the sampling design. This poses the problem of designing a survey which will yield a good (representative) sample. The randomisation principle is examined from this view point and it is noticed that there is very little, if any, use for it in survey designs.
TURBULENCE AND NUMERICAL WIND TUNNELS

The feasibility and possible significance of aerodynamic simulations are considered. Despite certain limitations, there is reason to believe that many useful and important flows containing turbulence can be computed with an accuracy acceptable for use in aircraft designs. Attention is given to the equations for unsteady fluid flow, the direct calculation of unsteady viscous flows, the direct calculation of nonlinear equations, the computation of flows about bodies using turbulence modeling, future developments in numerical methods, and future developments in computers.
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: A survival analysis of 159 cases from the SEER database (2001-2011).

Background and Objectives Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a rare malignancy with reported 5-year overall survival rates ranging from 7% to 24%. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the overall survival of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in a modern patient series and how it is impacted by patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgical treatment factors. Methods This is a retrospective review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2001 to 2011. Kaplan Meier analyses were used for overall and disease-specific survival. Univariable and multivariable cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors. Results Five year overall- and disease-specific survival was 18% (95% CI: 12-26%) and 28% (95% CI: 18-37%), respectively. Individuals with extremity tumors had a worse prognosis than individuals with a primary tumor in the chest wall or axial skeleton (HR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.56; P = 0.002 and HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-0.99; P = 0.04, respectively). Patients with AJCC stage III or IV disease (HR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.50-4.20; P = 0.001), tumors larger than 8 cm (HR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.11-4.27; P = 0.046), metastatic disease at diagnosis (HR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.98-5.33; P < 0.001), and those treated without surgical resection (amputation: HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.80; P = 0.01; limb salvage/non-amputation resection: HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24-0.69; P = 0.001) had a significant increase in risk of mortality. Conclusions The overall prognosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is poor with a 5-year overall survival of 18%. Patients with a primary tumor located in the chest wall had a better prognosis. Tumors larger than 8 cm, presence of metastases at diagnosis, and treatment without surgical resection were significant predictors of mortality.
Molecular Profiling of Multiple Primary Merkel Cell Carcinoma to Distinguish Genetically Distinct Tumors From Clonally Related Metastases

Importance Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. In rare cases, the development of an additional cutaneous MCC tumor is clinically consistent with a second primary MCC tumor rather than a cutaneous metastasis, which has important treatment and prognostic implications. Objective To evaluate genetic relatedness in 4 cases with the clinical diagnosis of multiple primary MCCs. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, 7 cases of clinically designated multiple primary MCC were identified; 4 cases met inclusion criteria for next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Mutations, copy number alterations, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) sequence were analyzed and compared between clinically designated multiple primary tumors to characterize genetic relatedness and hence assess clonality. Patients with clinically designated multiple primary MCC were identified from the multidisciplinary MCC Program at the University of Michigan, a tertiary care center. Main Outcomes and Measures Four cases of clinically designated multiple primary MCC were characterized by tumor sequencing and targeted MCPyV sequencing to distinguish independent primary tumors from related metastases. Results Overall, 4 patients in their 70s or 80s were included and analyzed. Cases 1 and 4 were verified as genetically distinct primary tumors and did not harbor similar copy number alterations or demonstrate significant mutational overlap. Cases 2 and 3 were designated as clonally related based on overlapping copy number alterations. In clonally related tumors, chromosomal copy number changes were more reliable than mutations for demonstrating clonality. Regardless of clonality, we found that MCPyV status was concordant for all tumor pairs and MCPyV positive tumors harbored predominatly subclonal mutations. Conclusions and Relevance Our findings suggest that patients with MCC may develop a second genetically distinct primary tumor; in this case, the subsequent tumor is likely to develop through similar mechanisms of pathogenesis, either MCPyV-mediated or ultraviolet light–mediated. Next–generation sequencing analysis of chromosomal copy number changes and mutations is useful in distinguishing multiple primary MCCs from progression of MCC clinically resembling multiple primaries, allowing appropriate staging of the patient.
Conjugate Faulting in the Wabash Valley Fault Zone Exhibited by the 20 November 2012 mb 3.6 Earthquake, a Mt. Carmel Late Aftershock

ABSTRACT The 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel earthquake ( M w 5.2) was the largest event in the central United States in 40 years. This Wabash Valley earthquake had hundreds of aftershocks delineating of a left‐lateral northwest–southeast‐trending strike‐slip fault in contrast to the north–south (N–S)‐trending faults dominating the Wabash Valley fault zone. The sequence suggests conjugate faulting as part of the associated intraplate tectonics. 20 November 2012 saw another earthquake ( m b 3.6) occurring near the same location. The EarthScope Transportable Array, active in Illinois from May 2011 to May 2014, provided an opportunity to obtain high‐quality seismic data to study this event in its regional context. Mt. Carmel and its largest aftershock were largely strike slip in nature; they both have N–S extension as secondary components of their moment tensors. Likewise, body‐wave polarities show that the focal mechanisms of the 2012 earthquakes are primarily strike slip with orientations similar to those of the Mt. Carmel earthquakes. The 2012 mainshock and its aftershock ( m b 2.1) do not lie on the east–west trend of the main Mt. Carmel aftershock sequence, but rather align with an N–S‐trending sequence made of the Mt. Carmel mainshock and a handful of early aftershocks. The two distinct sequences suggest continuing conjugate faulting, with the more southerly trending group denoting possible reactivation of one of the N–S‐trending faults making up the Wabash Valley fault zone.
Compliance with evidence-based guidelines for computed tomography of children with head and abdominal trauma.

Abstract Introduction Recently, two large prospective clinical trials developed and validated prediction rules for children at very low risk for clinically important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBI) or abdominal injury for whom CT is unnecessary. Specific criteria/guidelines were identified which if met would obviate the need for CT scanning. The purpose of this study was to assess compliance at a level one pediatric center with these guidelines as a tool for quality improvement. Methods Records of children admitted to our pediatric trauma center one year before and two years after publication of head (Kuppermann '09) and abdominal trauma (Holmes '13) CT imaging guidelines were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, Glasgow coma score, (GCS), injury severity score (ISS), mechanism of injury, and indication for imaging based on criteria/guidelines from the prediction rule including history, symptoms, and physical exam findings. Results There were 296 total patients identified. Demographic data, GCS, ISS, and mechanism of injury were similar between both groups before and after guideline publication. Prior to publication of head trauma imaging guidelines, 20.7% of head trauma patients had no indication for head CT prior compared with 19.5% after publication of imaging guideline (p=0.85). Prior to publication of abdominal trauma imaging guidelines, 28.9% of patients had no indication for abdominal CT compared with 31.5% after publication of imaging guidelines (0.76). The rate of ciTBI requiring intervention was 4.6% before and 1.1% after guideline publication (p=0.4). The rate of abdominal injury requiring intervention was 7.9% before and 1.8% post guideline publication (p=0.2). None of the children at very low risk for ciTBI or abdominal injury required surgical intervention. Conclusion At our institution compliance with evidence-based guidelines for CT of children with head and abdominal trauma is poor with a significant number of patients undergoing unnecessary imaging. This provides an opportunity for quality improvement with evidence based methods to reduce unnecessary imaging for trauma. Level of evidence III Type of study Clinical Research Paper
Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitors In Patients Requiring Enteral Nutrition

Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors Patients requiring enteral nutrition may also be in need of acid-suppressing therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Currently, five PPIs are available in the U.S.: omeprazole (Prilosec, AstraZeneca), omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid, Santarus), esomeprazole (Nexium, AstraZeneca), lansoprazole (Prevacid, Tap/Takeda), pantoprazole (Protonix, Wyeth), and rabeprazole (Aciphex, Eisai). All of these products are available in oral form, and several are also available in an intravenous (IV) form (Table ​(Table11).1 Table 1 Formulations of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Available in the U.S. PPIs are highly effective for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Indications approved by the FDA for each PPI are provided in Table ​Table11. When gastric contents are at a pH of below 2, protein de-naturation and the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin occur and can lead to irritation of the esophagus.2 Other factors such as histamine and gastrin also play a role in the secretion of gastric acid with resulting esophageal irritation.3 Gastric contents at a pH of less than 4 for extended periods of time have been associated with a higher severity of disease. Therefore, it is not surprising that time spent at a pH above 4 has been correlated with esophageal healing.2 PPIs exhibit their effects by inhibiting H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in parietal cells.2,3 This inhibition sufficiently raises and maintains gastric pH to exceed 4.2 Currently available PPIs can maintain this pH level 50% to 60% of the time.2
Less is more: cost-effectiveness analysis of surveillance strategies for small, nonfunctional, radiographically benign adrenal incidentalomas.

Background Guidelines for management of small adrenal incidentalomas are mutually inconsistent. No cost-effectiveness analysis has been performed to evaluate rigorously the relative merits of these strategies. Methods We constructed a decision-analytic model to evaluate surveillance strategies for Results No surveillance has an expected net cost of $262 and 26.22 quality-adjusted life-years. One-time surveillance costs $158 more and adds 0.2 quality-adjusted life-years for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $778/quality-adjusted life-years. The strategies involving more surveillance were dominated by the no surveillance and one-time surveillance strategies less effective and more expensive. Above a 0.7% prevalence of adrenocortical carcinoma, one-time surveillance was the most effective strategy. The results were robust to all sensitivity analyses of disease prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnostic assays and imaging as well as health state utility. Conclusion For patients with a
Enhancing Radiation Therapy Through Cherenkov Light-Activated Phototherapy.

PURPOSE This work investigates a new approach to enhance radiotherapy through a photo therapeutic agent activated by Cherenkov light produced from the megavoltage photon beam. The process is termed Radiotherapy Enhanced with Cherenkov photo-Activation (RECA). RECA is compatible with various photo-therapeutics, but here we focus on use with psoralen, an ultraviolet activated therapeutic with extensive history of application in superficial and extracorporeal settings. RECA has potential to extend the scope of psoralen treatments beyond superficial to deep seated lesions. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vitro studies in B16 melanoma and 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were performed to investigate the potential of RT plus RECA versus RT alone for increasing cytotoxicity (local control) and increasing surface expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I). The latter represents potential for immune response amplification (increased antigen presentation), which has been observed in other psoralen therapies. Cytotoxicity assays included luminescence and clonogenics. The MHC I assays were performed using flow cytometry. In addition, Cherenkov light intensity measurements were performed to investigate the possibility of increasing the Cherenkov light intensity per unit dose from clinical megavoltage beams, to maximize psoralen activation. RESULTS Luminescence assays showed that RECA treatment (2 Gy at 6 MV) increased cytotoxicity by up to 20% and 9.5% for 4T1 and B16 cells, respectively, compared with radiation and psoralen alone (ie, Cherenkov light was blocked). Similarly, flow cytometry revealed median MHC I expression was significantly higher in RECA-treated cells, compared with those receiving radiation and psoralen alone (approximately 450% and 250% at 3 Gy and 6 Gy, respectively, P << .0001). Clonogenic assays of B16 cells at doses of 6 Gy and 12 Gy showed decreases in tumor cell viability of 7% (P = .017) and 36% (P = .006), respectively, when Cherenkov was present. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates for the first time the potential for photo-activation of psoralen directly in situ, from Cherenkov light generated by a clinical megavoltage treatment beam.
Leader Power, Conflict Handling Styles, and Subordinate Compliance: A Study on Information Technology Professionals in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of leaders’ power bases and styles of handling conflict on subordinate behavioral and attitudinal compliance. Convenience sampling was used, and 353 information technology (IT) professionals in Turkey participated in the survey. The outcomes revealed that leaders’ cooperative and dominating conflict management styles (CMSs), “expert and referent power”, and legitimate power positively influence subordinates’ behavioral compliance. In addition, “expert and referent power” and legitimate power positively affect attitudinal compliance, while avoiding and dominating CMSs negatively influence it. Overall, the results partially support the influence of leader power bases and styles of handling conflict on subordinate compliance. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the listed variables with a sample of IT professionals employed in various industries in Turkey. Organizations can utilize the study results to increase leadership effectiveness and to deliver better management of IT human capital.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of uridine 5′-(α-d-apio-d-furanosyl pyrophosphate)

1. A method was developed for synthesizing UDP-apiose [uridine 5′-(α-d-apio-d-furanosyl pyrophosphate)] from UDP-glucuronic acid [uridine 5′-(α-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid pyrophosphate)] in 62% yield with the enzyme UDP-glucuronic acid cyclase. 2. UDP-apiose had the same mobility as uridine 5′-(α-d-xylopyranosyl pyrophosphate) when chromatographed on paper and when subjected to paper electrophoresis at pH5.8. When [3H]UDP-[U-14C]glucuronic acid was used as the substrate for UDP-glucuronic acid cyclase, the 3H/14C ratio in the reaction product was that expected if d-apiose remained attached to the uridine. In separate experiments doubly labelled reaction product was: (a) hydrolysed at pH2 and 100°C for 15min; (b) degraded at pH8.0 and 100°C for 3min; (c) used as a substrate in the enzymic synthesis of [14C]apiin. In each type of experiment the reaction products were isolated and identified and were found to be those expected if [3H]UDP-[U-14C]apiose was the starting compound. 3. Chemical characterization established that the product containing d-[U-14C]apiose and phosphate formed on alkaline degradation of UDP-[U-14C]apiose was α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate. 4. Chemical characterization also established that the product containing d-[U-14C]apiose and phosphate formed on acid hydrolysis of α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate was d-[U-14C]apiose 2-phosphate. 5. The half-life periods for the degradation of UDP-[U-14C]apiose to α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate and UMP at pH8.0 and 80°C, at pH8.0 and 25°C and at pH8.0 and 4°C were 31.6s, 97.2min and 16.5h respectively. The half-life period for the hydrolysis of UDP-[U-14C]-apiose to d-[U-14C]apiose and UDP at pH3.0 and 40°C was 4.67min. After 20 days at pH6.2–6.6 and 4°C, 17% of the starting UDP-[U-14C]apiose was degraded to α-d-[U-14C]apio-d-furanosyl 1:2-cyclic phosphate and UMP and 23% was hydrolysed to d-[U-14C]apiose and UDP. After 120 days at pH6.4 and −20°C 2% of the starting UDP-[U-14C]apiose was degraded and 4% was hydrolysed.
A Reformulation of the Idea of Maturation

Though the principle of interaction in development has gained considerable popularity among psychologists, the control of ontogeny still tends to be attributed to genetic and environmental determinants in complementary relation, rather than to the coaction of genes and environment. Thus maturation continues to be viewed as development “encoded in the genes” and so not dependent on experience, as physical rather than psychological, and as developmentally fixed. None of these ideas, either alone or in combination, can provide an adequate definition of maturational processes. Research based on such conceptions therefore lacks a coherent theoretical framework, and this defect is evident both in the programs of investigation themselves and in the way empirical findings are interpreted.
Early embryonic development and evaluation of equine embryo viability.

This article reviews the process of early embryonic development in horses and five methods of evaluation the viability of equine embryos. These are (1) morphologic assessment; (2) development culture; (3) metabolism of fluorescent substrates; (4) fluorescence of dead cells; and (5) metabolic tests.
Medical School Deans and Other Senior Administrative Officers

Transitioning from research, clinical practice, and frontline teaching to becoming a senior administrative officer in a medical school requires careful planning and preparation. Create a personalized plan to succeed as a leader in medical education, including gaining educational and administrative experiences. Find suitable mentors and take advantage of a local and national network of leaders in education and administration.
An Examination of Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws: Can Community Sentiment Lead to Ineffective Laws?

Crime control theater (CCT) refers to popular laws which appear to offer simple solutions to address serious crimes but are not empirically effective. Sex offender registration and notification laws meet each of the CCT criteria: reactionary response to a moral panic, unquestioned acceptance and promotion, appeal to mythic narratives, and empirical failure. These laws have resulted in unintended consequences including violence directed at offenders’ families, inability for offenders to reintegrate into society, misuse of the laws on unintended populations, and others. A theoretical explanation for why community sentiment toward CCT laws remains positive utilizes social cognitive mechanisms of schemas and heuristics in combination with cognitive-experiential self-theory. These theories suggest that people utilize cognitive shortcuts and emotive processing in forming their reactions to crime. Understanding how these theories work can help prevent adoption of CCT laws and promote more effective laws.
Transborder Indigenous Education: Survivance and Border Thinking in the Professional Development and Practice of Maestros Indigenas

This study examines the experiences of Indigenous Mexican educators following their participation in a transborder professional development initiative aimed at strengthening Indigenous Mexican education. Using qualitative and ethnographic methodologies, this article is guided by the following research questions: How do former participants in Transformacion Docente, a U.S.-based and funded professional development program, conceptualize and enact culturally sustaining and revitalizing pedagogy in their practice? And how have their perceptions of pedagogy been impacted by their participation in Transformation Docente? The findings challenge the hegemony of development agendas through multi-sited critique of top-down Intercultural-Bilingual Education policy and analyze on-the-ground enactments of Indigenous education. Findings reveal transborder professional development supported opportunities for Indigenous educators to: 1) legitimize Indigenous identities, 2) further Indigenous language agendas, and 3) rethink inclusion and relationality in teaching. This article highlights Indigenous teachers as strategic border negotiators, and narrators of counterhegemonic practices within institutional spaces. The study’s implications further discussions of Indigenous survivance, and demonstrate the significance of transborder Indigenous dialogues to advance Indigenous struggles for self-determination.
Light-Triggered Transformation of Molecular Baskets into Organic Nanoparticles.

Discovering novel and functional photoresponsive materials is of interest for improving controlled release of molecules and scavenging toxic compounds for cleaning our environment or designing chemosensors. In this study, we report on the photoinduced decarboxylation of basket 16- , containing three glutamic acids at its rim. This concave compound is, in an aqueous environment (30 mm phosphate buffer at pH 7.0), monomeric (1 H NMR DOSY, DLS) with glutamic acid residues randomly oriented about its rim (1 H NMR and MM-OPLS3). The irradiation (300 nm) of 16- leads to the exclusive removal of its α-carboxylates to give amphiphilic 23- possessing γ-carboxylates. The photochemical transformation is a consecutive reaction with mono- and bis-decarboxylated products observed with 1 H NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. Amphiphilic 23- is a preorganized molecule (MM-OPLS3) that, in water, aggregates into organic nanoparticles (ca. 50-200 nm in diameter; DLS, TEM and cryo-TEM) having a critical aggregation concentration of 12 μm (UV/Vis). As the transition of monomeric 16- into nanoparticulate 23- is triggered with light, we reasoned that stimuli-responsive formation of the soft material lends itself to nanotechnology applications such as controlled release or scavenging of targeted compounds.
Matter over mind: How mental health symptom presentations shape diagnostic outcomes:

Mental health disorders face less stigma today than in the past, yet they continue to be misdiagnosed and at times improperly treated. One account for this problem is that physicians rely exclusively on a verbal interview of patients for diagnosis. Because this diagnostic method is likely to be shaped by the way patients present their symptoms, it is critical that we examine whether and how patients' communication practices shape diagnostic and treatment outcomes. This study examines a sample of 14 encounters involving mental health-related symptoms from a dataset of adult primary care visits. Using conversation analytic methods, I show that when patients present mental health symptoms by simply describing the symptoms, primary care physicians exhibit a preference for providing a physical health diagnosis. Conversely, when patients provide a concrete link between their symptoms and the way the symptoms are disrupting their everyday lives, primary care physicians typically provide a mental health diagnosis.
Estimation of the Optimal Accelerated Test Region for FinFET SRAMs Degraded by Front-End and Back-End Wearout Mechanisms

Advanced FinFET SRAMs undergo reliability degradation due to various front-end and back-end wearout mechanisms. The design of reliable SRAMs benefits from accurate wearout models that are calibrated by accelerated test. With respect to testing, the accelerated conditions which can help separate the dominant wearout mechanisms related to circuit failure is crucial for model calibration and reliability prediction. In this paper, the estimation of optimal accelerated test regions for a 14nm FinFET SRAM under various wearout mechanisms is presented. The dominant regions for specific mechanisms are compared and analyzed for effective testing. It is observed that for our SRAM example circuit only bias temperature instability (BTI) and middle-of-line time-dependent dielectric breakdown (MTDDB) have test regions where their failures can be isolated, while the other mechanisms can’t be extracted individually due to acceptable regions’ overlap. Meanwhile, the SRAM cell activity distribution has a small influence on test regions and selectivity.
Modeling safe infant sleep in the hospital

Abstract Purpose Despite reductions in the rate of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) over the last 25 years, over 3000 infant deaths annually in the US are attributable to sleep-related causes. We aimed to improve safe sleep practice (SSP) adherence by healthcare providers working with infants admitted to an inpatient pediatric unit in an urban academic center specifically increasing compliance on five core SSP (supine, alone in the crib, no objects in crib, appropriate bundling, and flat crib). Design and methods This Quality Improvement project evaluated a staff education intervention using a pre- and post-design. Surveys of providers determined baseline SSP knowledge. Adherence to SSP in the hospital was audited before and after education. One hundred pre-intervention infant sleep placement observations were recorded and 123 were collected post-intervention. Results Surveyed providers had appropriate knowledge of SSP; however, baseline audits indicated that no patients met all SSP practices in the hospital. Post-intervention adherence to SSP showed significant (p Conclusions This quality improvement project suggests that the inpatient setting provides opportunities for providers to demonstrate SSP but that healthcare providers often do not follow SSP in practice. Continued education can lead to improvements in SSP adherence ensuring that hospitals are modeling SSP for the families of infants. Practice implications Limited improvements to SSP adherence illustrate the complexities of modifying provider behaviors in the absence of formal policy.
Resection of Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnant

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for resection of omphalomesenteric duct remnant as performed by the following approach: open. Embryologically, the omphalomesenteric duct (or vitelline duct) is a connective tube between the yolk sac and the midgut lumen in the fetus. Diagnosis of a persistent omphalomesenteric duct remnant is typically made in infancy in an otherwise healthy baby presenting with drainage or stool emanating from the umbilicus or, occasionally, prolapsed mucosa. Diagnosis can be confirmed with fistulography or ultrasound. Key steps include cannulation of the remnant duct at the umbilicus, dissection of duct free from the fascial edges, evisceration of the attached bowel, and excision of the remnant duct at the base.
Os resultados da hermenêutica à compreensão das pesquisas em educação

O objetivo deste trabalho e mapear as implicacoes metodologicas do debate hermeneutico como possibilidade compreensiva para o avanco das pesquisas em educacao. O texto inicia discutindo o paradigma da modernidade e faz uma critica as concepcoes tradicionais de linguagem, tendo em vista a sua incompatibilidade com algumas pesquisas das areas das ciencias humanas. Em seguida, discorre sobre as especificidades da pesquisa em educacao no Brasil, tecendo interpretacoes sobre os fenomenos socioeducativos. Por fim, apresenta o rigor conceitual da hermeneutica que propoe questionar o sentido das teorias e acoes pedagogicas no âmbito da pesquisa, a fim de (des/re)contextualiza-las as praticas educativas. As principais contribuicoes da hermeneutica para o campo da educacao revelam uma sensibilidade para o olhar e a fala do outro, cujas expressoes das relacoes culturais sao constituintes da necessidade de ensinar a compreensao da propria sociedade que engloba as experiencias pedagogicas de provocar a reflexao e a compreensao dos conteudos textuais, buscando os sentidos das razoes objetivas, subjetivas e sociais que brotam nas entrelinhas da linguagem pedagogica. Seguindo pelas trilhas da hermeneutica, aprendemos e ensinamos que na racionalidade pedagogica nao lidamos com a compreensao dos objetos, nem com a compreensao da totalidade dos objetos, mas com o todo do nosso compreender humano em sua globalidade.
An aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist suppresses the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro: Potent effect with polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are a pivotal component of the hematopoietic microenvironment linked to the modulation of the immune response, inflammation and carcinogenesis. HUVEC expresses the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which regulates gene expression by binding to the xenobiotic-responsive element. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent agonist for AHR signalling. Treatment with TCDD (0.1-100 nmol/L) was found to suppress the proliferation and to stimulate the death of HUVEC. TCDD's effects were abolished by culturing with CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR signalling. Mechanistically, TCDD treatment increased the protein levels of cell growth suppressors, including p53, Rb, p21 and regucalcin, and caspase-3 implicated in apoptotic cell death, and decreased the levels of Stat3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/Erk1/2) and phospho-MAPK/Erk1/2. Treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, suppressed the proliferation and stimulated the death of HUVEC in vitro, and decreased the levels of Stat3, MAPK/Erk1/2 and phospho-MAPK/Erk1/2 and increased caspase-3. Notably, the effects of TCDD in suppressing proliferation and stimulating death of HUVEC were modulated by coculturing with PUFAs. These effects were reversed by treatment with CH223191, an inhibitor of AHR. Treatment with both TCDD and PUFAs collaboratively enhanced the levels of AHR, CYP1A1, p53, p21, Rb and regucalcin. Moreover, TCDD suppressed migration with wound healing of HUVEC. Notably, the combination of TCDD and PUFAs revealed potent suppressive effects on angiogenesis of HUVEC, potentially related to disorders of the stromal microenvironment.
Cobalt-free, high-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

Abstract High-nickel layered oxides are enabling extraordinary growth of electric vehicles market due to its high energy density. Nonetheless, leading battery manufacturers are trying to cut down the manufacturing costs further by eliminating the dependency on cobalt in cathode materials. In this perspective, we explore several aspects that need to be considered to develop cobalt-free high-Ni layered oxides by reviewing the fundamental properties of LiNiO2. Furthermore, critical key factors for exploring alternative dopants and substituents are discussed for designing stable and inexpensive Co-free high-Ni layered oxides from a viewpoint of materials science and electrochemistry. Finally, a perspective on the future research direction on Co-free high-Ni layered oxides are highlighted with respect to practical considerations.
Millimeter-Wave High Multipath Channel Measurements

We provide the frequency response of a high multipath propagation channel using a narrow beamwidth synthetic aperture measurement technique from 26.5 – 40 GHz.
Effect of penetration enhancer with novel corneal cross-linking using recombinant human decoron in porcine eyes

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of exogenous recombinant human decoron and an accompanying penetration-enhancing solution in stiffening ex-vivo porcine corneas both transepithelially and after de-epithelialization. Eight porcine paired eyes were treated transepithelially: one eye with a pre-treatment solution (Pre-Tx), penetration enhancing solution (PE), and decoron while the fellow eye was treated by the same protocol but without decoron. A second group included 4 de-epithelialized pairs treated identically. The final group included 4 de-epithelialized pairs with one eye treated with Pre-Tx, PE, and decoron while the fellow eye was treated without PE. Uniaxial tensile testing was used to compare the corneal stiffness between the different treatment conditions. Residual tissue underwent immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate the depth of penetration of decoron into the corneal stroma. There was no stiffening effect exhibited among corneas treated transepithelially with decoron compared to control (P > 0.05) and poor stromal penetration was exhibited on tissue analysis. Among de-epithelialized corneas, there was a significant stiffening effect seen in those treated with decoron at 3%, 4%, 5%, & 6% strain (P
A Secure Control Design for Networked Control System with Nonlinear Dynamics under False-Data-Injection Attacks

In a centralized Networked Control System (NCS), all agents share local data with a central processing unit that generates control commands for agents. The use of a communication network between the agents gives NCSs a distinct advantage in efficiency, design cost, and simplicity. However, this benefit comes at the expense of vulnerability to a range of cyber-physical attacks. Recently, novel defense mechanisms to counteract false data injection (FDI) attacks on NCSs have been developed for agents with linear dynamics but have not been thoroughly investigated for NCSs with nonlinear dynamics. This paper proposes an FDI attack mitigation strategy for NCSs composed of agents with nonlinear dynamics under disturbances and measurement noises. The proposed algorithm uses both learning and model-based approaches to estimate agents'states for FDI attack mitigation. A neural network is used to model uncertain dynamics and estimate the effect of FDI attacks. The controller and estimator are designed based on Lyapunov stability analysis. A simulation of robots with Euler-Lagrange dynamics is considered to demonstrate the developed controller's performance to respond to FDI attacks in real-time.
An Analysis of UNFCCC-Financed Coastal Adaptation Projects: Assessing Patterns of Project Design and Contributions to Adaptive Capacity

Coastal regions of developing countries are highly vulnerable to climate impacts. Climate change is projected to increase sea level rise, coastal storm events, and natural resource scarcity, impacting coastal ecosystems and societies. These climate impacts intersect with other anthropogenic stressors contributing to the degradation of coastal habitats and ecosystems (driven by, among other things, development, encroachment and pollution), increasing the risk of coastal hazards. Given the complexities of coastal adaptation and the reality of scarce financial and human resources, policymakers must make challenging decisions regarding which adaptation strategies to prioritize. This study seeks to understand: 1) What approaches to coastal adaptation have been most commonly implemented in projects financed through multilateral adaptation funds? and 2) Were the projects designed to build climate-specific or broader adaptive capacity? Using a content analysis of project proposals for 60 coastal adaptation projects financed through multilateral adaptation funds across 39 countries (as well as two regional projects), we categorized adaptation approaches and assessed contributions to adaptive capacity. Our findings indicate that policy, planning, and capacity-building, as compared to more tangible implementation activities, have characterized most coastal adaptation projects in the past 15 years. We also found a common emphasis on climate-specific adaptive capacity which diverges from the widely discussed need to address climate change and development priorities synergistically. In the context of limited resources, decisions regarding which adaptation approaches to invest in inherently involves trade-offs that need to be explicitly acknowledged. While numerous regional studies have analyzed these trade-offs, our study provides a global context and identifies potential areas of under-investment for coastal adaptation in developing countries.