cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistence of motor unit and muscle fiber types in the presence of inactivity.

The clarity of categorizing skeletal muscle fibers in individual motor units into phenotypes based on quantitative single fiber enzyme activities and as a function of neuromuscular activity level was examined. Neuromuscular activity was eliminated in adult cat hindlimb muscles by spinal cord isolation (SI), i.e. complete spinal cord transection at a low thoracic and a high sacral level with bilateral dorsal rhizotomy between the transection sites. One motor unit was isolated via ventral root teasing procedures from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of each hindlimb in control and SI cats, and physiologically tested and glycogen depleted through repetitive stimulation; fibers comprising each motor unit were visualized through glycogen staining. Each motor unit was composed of fibers of the same myosin immunohistochemical type. Myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase andα -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were determined for a sample of motor unit and non-motor unit fibers, providing a measure of three enzyme activities often used to characterize fiber phenotype within a single unit. Although normal enzyme activities were altered after 6 months of inactivity, the relationships among the three enzymes were largely maintained. These data demonstrate that it is not the diversity in any single enzyme property but the profile of several metabolic pathways that underlies the significance of fiber phenotypes. These profiles must reflect a high level of coordination of expression of selected combinations of genes. Although neuromuscular activity level influences fiber phenotype, the present results demonstrate that activity-independent mechanisms remain important sources of the control of phenotype establishment in the near absence of activity.
PROLEGOMENA TO A PROCESS THEORY OF NATURAL LAW

Two contemporary quandaries in legal theory provide an occasion for a revival of interest in natural law theories of law. First, the debate about legal indeterminacy has made it clear that law cannot function autonomously (as a self-contained set of rules) but requires a normative justification of judges' decisions in hard cases. In addition, Steven D. Smith has persuasively argued that there is an "ontological gap" between the practice of law, which presupposes a classical or religious ontology, and legal theory, which presupposes a scientific ontology (i.e., scientific materialism) that rejects religious ontology. This article demonstrates how the process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead and the radical empiricism of William James support a new process theory of natural law. Under this theory, judges resolve legal indeterminacy by determining what maximizes the telos beauty (in accordance with the circumstances of the case and the social perfection possible within that society) rather than by relying on fixed, antiquated natural laws. Process natural law also closes the ontological gap by providing an ontology that unifies the moral insights of religion with the insights of modern science.
Application of environmental sensitivity theories in personalized prevention for youth substance abuse: a transdisciplinary translational perspective

Preventive interventions that target high-risk youth, via one-size-fits-all approaches, have demonstrated modest effects in reducing rates of substance use. Recently, substance use researchers have recommended personalized intervention strategies. Central to these approaches is matching preventatives to characteristics of an individual that have been shown to predict outcomes. One compelling body of literature on person × environment interactions is that of environmental sensitivity theories, including differential susceptibility theory and vantage sensitivity. Recent experimental evidence has demonstrated that environmental sensitivity (ES) factors moderate substance abuse outcomes. We propose that ES factors may augment current personalization strategies such as matching based on risk factors/severity of problem behaviors (risk severity (RS)). Specifically, individuals most sensitive to environmental influence may be those most responsive to intervention in general and thus need only a brief-type or lower-intensity program to show gains, while those least sensitive may require more comprehensive or intensive programming for optimal responsiveness. We provide an example from ongoing research to illustrate how ES factors can be incorporated into prevention trials aimed at high-risk adolescents.
CHANGES IN CARBON POOLS INFLUENCED BY CHANGES IN SOIL TEXTURE, SLOPE, AND ASPECT A DECADE FOLLOWING WILDFIRE IN BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS OF INTERIOR ALASKA

5 Chapter 1: Changes in Carbon Pools Influenced by Changes in Soil Texture, Slope, and Aspect a Decade Following Wildfire in Black Spruce Forests of Interior Alaska1 6 1.
Occluded Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Artery Stents Can Have a Negative Impact on Bypass Target.

Purpose: To identify whether occluded femoropopliteal stents influence previously available lower extremity bypass (LEB) targets. Methods: Among 621 consecutive patients who had undergone stenting ...
A Family of Convective Models

Six canonical models of convection are described: three configurations of internally heated (IH) convection driven by constant and uniform volumetric heating, and three configurations of Rayleigh–Benard (RB) convection driven by the boundary conditions. The IH models are distinguished by differing pairs of thermal boundary conditions: top and bottom boundaries of equal temperature, an insulating bottom with heat flux fixed at the top, and an insulating bottom with temperature fixed at the top. The RB models too are distinguished by whether temperatures or heat fluxes are fixed at the top and bottom boundaries. Integral quantities important to heat transport are examined, including the mean fluid temperature, the mean temperature difference between the boundaries, and the mean convective heat flux. Integral relations and bounds are presented, and further bounds are conjectured for the IH cases. Similarities and differences between the six configurations are emphasized.
Synchronization of cardiac-related discharges of sympathetic nerves with inputs from widely separated spinal segments.

We used phase spectral analysis to study the relationships between the cardiac-related discharges of pairs of postganglionic sympathetic nerves in urethan-anesthetized or decerebrate cats. Phase angle when converted to a time interval should equal the difference in conduction times from the brain to the nerves (i.e., transportation lag) if their cardiac-related discharges have a common central source. Transportation lag was estimated as the difference in the onset latencies of activation of the nerves by electrical stimulation of the medulla or cervical spinal cord. The phase angle for the cardiac-related discharges of two nerves was not always equivalent in time to the transportation lag. For example, in some cases the cardiac-related discharges of the renal nerve were coincident with or led those of the inferior cardiac nerve. In contrast, the electrically evoked responses of the renal nerve lagged those of the inferior cardiac nerve by > or = 32 ms. These observations are consistent with a model of multiple and dynamically coupled brain stem generators of the cardiac-related rhythm, each controlling a different sympathetic nerve or exerting nonuniform influences on different portions of the spinal sympathetic outflow.
Retail Strategy and the Classification of Consumer Goods

What guides are available to aid the retailer in developing his marketing strategy?The author shows how the traditional concepts of shopping, convenience, and specialty goods may be updated and int...
"The Sugar'd Game before Thee": Gamification Revisited

Gamification, the application of game elements to nongame contexts, was recently a subject of great interest in the library literature, inspiring a number of articles. That interest tapered off in tandem with gamification’s wider decline, but signs point to its reemergence. Anticipating renewed interest in gamification, the authors reviewed the literature to determine what has—and has not—been examined by librarianship’s proponents of gamification. They found serious concerns regarding gamification’s practical and ethical limitations. Moreover, the authors believe that the purported benefits of gamification are more readily found in its progenitor—games.
Research of the Relationship Between Brand Image and Marketing From AD Communication Perspective

Brand Research is often made form the perspective of marketing and experience,which ighores the uniqueness of the brand image research.As the important part of the brand sciences,the building of brand image has a significant meaning for reaching the marketing goal.Brand image building is a complex information formation process,so it is necessary to recognize the relation between the brand image and marketing on the base of brand research situation in china.
Heterogeneous Ability and Risk Taking in a Rank-Order Tournament An Analysis of NASCAR’s Pick-A-Series Rule

Since 2011, the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) has forced drivers to pick one of three national series for which they would be eligible to compete for a season championship. Prior to this “Pick-A-Series” rule, many drivers in the premier Sprint Cup Series competed regularly in the Nationwide Series, which is a developmental division for less experienced drivers. I examined whether the removal of moonlighting Sprint Cup drivers from championship contention encouraged less aggressive driving among those who competed exclusively in the Nationwide Series. There was weak evidence that the Pick-A-Series rule reduced accident proneness among Nationwide drivers relative to Sprint Cup drivers.
Reputation and Feedback Systems in Online Platform Markets

Online marketplaces have become ubiquitous, as sites such as eBay, Taobao, Uber, and Airbnb are frequented by billions of users. The success of these marketplaces is attributed to not only the ease in which buyers can find sellers, but also the trust that these marketplaces help facilitate through reputation and feedback systems. I begin by briefly describing the basic ideas surrounding the role of reputation in facilitating trust and trade, and offer an overview of how feedback and reputation systems work in online marketplaces. I then describe the literature that explores the effects of reputation and feedback systems on online marketplaces and highlight some of the problems of bias in feedback and reputation systems as they appear today. I discuss ways to address these problems to improve the practical design of online marketplaces and suggest some directions for future research.
A Tale of Two Gender Roles: The Effects of Implicit and Explicit Gender Role Traditionalism and Occupational Stereotype on Hiring Decisions

The current study examined how individual difference characteristics of an evaluator could affect real-world decisions, such as hiring decisions. Specifically, this study examined the gender role traditionalism of an evaluator, and whether this traditionalism interacted with occupational stereotypes during a laboratory simulated hiring decision. Gender role stereotypes were activated using a priming task, then participants evaluated male and female job applicants on a variety of work-related skills, ultimately selecting applicants for either a traditionally masculine or feminine position. Analyses revealed that applicants were more often selected for a position in which the occupation stereotype matched their gender suggesting an effect of an evaluator’s gender role traditionalism. In addition, those participants indicating that they held more traditional gender role beliefs tended to favor male applicants in their evaluations. Finally, the activation of ideas incongruent with traditional gender role stereotypes resulted in higher ratings on work-related skills from all participants, though these ratings did not seem to impact the overall hiring decision. This study highlights the impact of individual difference characteristics of an evaluator during a hiring decision, and identifies some possible ways to move toward a more impartial hiring process to reduce gender biases in hiring.
Ganglioside GM3 Mediates Glucose-Induced Suppression of IGF-1 Receptor-Rac1 Activation to Inhibit Keratinocyte Motility.

Activation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF1R) signaling induces keratinocyte migration, but little is known about its regulation, including in diabetic wounds. GM3, a lipid raft ganglioside synthesized by GM3 synthase (GM3S), regulates receptor signaling. In diabetic mice, knockout or topically applied nanoconstruct-mediated knockdown of GM3S promotes wound edge IGF1R phosphorylation and re-epithelialization. Through modulating GM3 expression, we explored the role of GM3 in regulating human keratinocyte IGF1R signaling. Increases in GM3 and GM3S expression, including by exposure to high glucose, inhibit keratinocyte migration and IGF-1–induced chemotaxis in association with inhibition of IGF1R phosphorylation, suppression of Rac1 signaling, and activation of RhoA signaling. In contrast, GM3 depletion accelerates cell migration; increases cell velocity, displacement, and persistence; and activates IGF1R-Rac1 signaling. These data implicate GM3 in mediating glucose-induced suppression of IGF1R-Rac1 signaling. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence of a pivotal role for GM3-induced insulin resistance in impairing keratinocyte migration and reinforce the previously published studies in diabetic mice supporting GM3-depleting strategies as an approach for accelerating the healing of human diabetic wounds.
Variation in resource utilization in liver transplantation at freestanding children's hospitals.

We sought to examine the relationship between liver transplant-related total cost, patient outcome, and hospital resource utilization at freestanding children's hospitals. Using the PHIS database, a retrospective study of 374 patients that underwent liver transplantation at 15 freestanding children's hospitals from July 2010 to December 2012 was performed. One-year graft failure and patient mortality rates from July 2010 to December 2012 for each center were also obtained from the SRTR. There was a 5.1-fold difference in median cost (median $146 444, range $59 487–302 058, P<.001) between all centers. A 2.4-fold difference existed in median LOS (median 15 days, range 9–22 days, P<.001) across centers. Median postoperative ICU stay varied from 0 to 7 days (median 4 days, P<.001). Overall, 30-day readmission rate was 55% (31.3%–100%, P<.001). One-year graft failure varied from 0% to 19.1%, with an overall rate of 5.5% (P=.279). One-year patient mortality for all centers was 2.3% (range 0%–11.1%, P=.016). Higher total cost did not correlate with lower readmission rates, patient mortality, graft failure, or any other variable. These data suggest that identifying practice patterns at low-cost centers and implementing them at higher-cost centers may decrease the cost of pediatric liver transplantation without compromising outcomes.
Examining the relationship between security metrics and user ratings of mobile apps: a case study

The success or failure of a mobile application (`app') is largely determined by user ratings. Users frequently make their app choices based on the ratings of apps in comparison with similar, often competing apps. Users also expect apps to continually provide new features while maintaining quality, or the ratings drop. At the same time apps must also be secure, but is there a historical trade-off between security and ratings? Or are app store ratings a more all-encompassing measure of product maturity? We used static analysis tools to collect security-related metrics in 38,466 Android apps from the Google Play store. We compared the rate of an app's permission misuse, number of requested permissions, and Androrisk score, against its user rating. We found that high-rated apps have statistically significantly higher security risk metrics than low-rated apps. However, the correlations are weak. This result supports the conventional wisdom that users are not factoring security risks into their ratings in a meaningful way. This could be due to several reasons including users not placing much emphasis on security, or that the typical user is unable to gauge the security risk level of the apps they use everyday.
Designing a new elitist Nondominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm for a multiobjective long term groundwater monitoring application

This study presents a niching-based elitist enhancement of the Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) and tests its performance in identifying the Pareto frontier for a groundwater monitoring application. The application utilizes historical data at a single snapshot in time to identify potential spatial redundancies within a monitoring network. The study combines nonlinear spatial interpolation with the elitist NSGA to identify the Pareto frontier for sampling costs and local concentration estimation errors. The Elitist NSGA nearly replicated the true front, finding representative solutions along the entire trade off between cost and estimation error.
25. Thomas’ a Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London

(1958). 25. Thomas’ a Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London. The Explicator: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 45-48.
Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition: Promises and Problems in Critically Relating Theory and Empirical Studies

The two papers, one by Haegeman and one by Felix, in this volume, both represent a subtle new approach to a Universal Grammar (UG)-determined model of second language (L2) acquisition, one wherein L2 learning is viewed as involving the resetting of parameters and the application of universal principles of UG. triggered by positive evidence. On this view, L2 learning is considered to be at least partially similar to first language (L1) acquisition, and the UG model of the initial state is viewed as a constant property of biological competence. The emphasis throughout is on adult L2 acquisition.
Expression of a heat-stable NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus 39E in Clostridium thermocellum 1313 results in increased hydroxymethylfurfural resistance

Resistance to deconstruction is a major limitation to the use of lignocellulosic biomass as a substrate for the production of fuels and chemicals. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), the use of microbes for the simultaneous hydrolysis of lignocellulose into soluble sugars and fermentation of the resulting sugars to products of interest, is a potential solution to this obstacle. The pretreatment of plant biomass, however, releases compounds that are inhibitory to the growth of microbes used for CBP. Heterologous expression of the Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus 39E bdhA gene, that encodes an alcohol dehydrogenase, in Clostridium thermocellum significantly increased resistance to furan derivatives at concentrations found in acid-pretreated biomass. The mechanism of detoxification of hydroxymethylfurfural was shown to be primarily reduction using NADPH as the cofactor. In addition, we report the construction of new expression vectors for homologous and heterologous expression in C. thermocellum. These vectors use regulatory signals from both C. bescii (the S-layer promoter) and C. thermocellum (the enolase promoter) shown to efficiently drive expression of the BdhA enzyme. Toxic compounds present in lignocellulose hydrolysates that inhibit cell growth and product formation are obstacles to the commercialization of fuels and chemicals from biomass. Expression of genes that reduce the effect of these inhibitors, such as furan derivatives, will serve to enable commercial processes using plant biomass for the production of fuels and chemicals.
Attachment and thought problems in an adolescent inpatient sample: The mediational role of theory of mind.

Abstract Background Previous research has documented increased incidence of insecure attachment and theory of mind (ToM) deficits in individuals experiencing psychotic disorders. ToM has been theorized as a possible mediator of the relation between attachment and psychosis (Korver-Nieberg et al., 2014). The current study sought to extend this area of research to adolescents for the first time by examining adolescent-parent attachment and ToM in inpatient adolescents. Methods Participants were 362 inpatient adolescents and their parents; participants completed the Child Attachment Interview, Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition, Youth Self Report, and Child Behavior Checklist. Results Bivariate correlations indicated that attachment coherence (a marker of security) was significantly and positively correlated with ToM abilities, and that low attachment coherence and poor ToM performance were each associated with increased youth- and parent-reported thought problems. Mediational models indicated that ToM mediated the relation between insecure attachment and thought problems according to both parent- and self-report. Conclusions The results of the current study provide support for a model in which impairments in ToM contribute to the frequently documented association between insecure attachment and emerging psychotic symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed, including the potential support for ToM-based interventions for early psychotic symptoms.
Mutagenesis of the Symmetry Related H117 Residue in the Photosystem II D2 Protein of Chlamydomonas : Implications for Energy Transfer from Accessory Chlorophylls

Similar to the quinone-type, bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (BRC), the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center complex contains four-five polypeptides. These polypeptides include: the D1, D2, cytochrome b559 polypeptides, plus a small polypeptide, psbI known from its gene product [1–5]. Two of the polypeptides (D1 and D2) have substantial sequence and topological similarity to the L and M subunits of the BRC [2, 4, 5]. Regions of the L and M and D1 and D2 proteins which are most highly conserved are the non-heme Fe and the chlorophyll special pair (ChlSP)ligands and adjacent residues. Similar to the BRC the PII complex has two quinones (QA and QB) per reaction center complex, but in contrast to the BRC has 6 chlorophylls per 2 pheophytins [6] (Figure 1). Two of the chlorophylls make up the chlorophyll special pair, two chlorophyll monomers participate in electron transfer between the Chlsp and pheophytin, and an additional pair of accessory chlorophylls is thought to be located at the margins of the reaction center complex [6–8]. It has been proposed that the accessory chlorophylls function as antennae or are involved in an electron transfer cycle around PSII (including cytochrome b559) which protects PSU from photoinhibitory protein degradation [7–9].
Solver-Based Sketching of Alloy Models Using Test Valuations

We introduce ASketch, the first framework for sketching models in the Alloy language. The Alloy Analyzer is a SAT-based constraint solver that allows users to create valuations for relations with respect to given constraints and bound on the universe of discourse. Alloy users routinely use the valuations to validate their models: enumerate some valuations and inspect them to detect underconstraints or overconstraints. Our key insight is that valid and invalid valuations enable sketching Alloy models where the user writes a partial model with holes and provides some valuations, and the sketching infrastructure completes the model by synthesizing Alloy fragments for the holes.
How Inadequate Specification, Buggy Implementation, and Deficient Platform-Support Hinder Security

Developing a secure system (or, protocol) in general boils down to having a correct and robust specification which developers faithfully implement with the available platform support. Vulnerabilities can thus crop up due to inadequate specification, buggy implementations, or the lack of appropriate security constructs in the platform. In this talk, I will present examples of insecurity due to inadequate specification, wrong implementations, and deficient platform support. I will particularly focus on how automated reasoning and formal verification techniques can greatly contribute towards detecting vulnerabilities. In the first example, I will show how 4G LTE telecommunication protocol specification lacks security considerations which can be exploited by adversaries to have catastrophic impacts. Next, I will present how incorrect X.509 certificate validation implementations in open-source SSL/TLS libraries leave users prone to impersonation attacks. Finally, I will conclude my talk with a discussion of how lack of hardware support makes enforcing Digital Rights Management (DRM) policies infeasible for mobile devices.
Chemistry of Sesquiterpene Lactones

Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of bioactive plant products that display an array of biological and pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal. A vast amount of sesquiterpene molecular structures has been reported, and the largest numbers of these types of compounds can be isolated from the Asteraceae (formerly known as Compositae) family. An important feature of these sesquiterpene lactones is the presence of an α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety which can react with nucleophilic sulfhydryl groups present in enzymes, proteins, and glutathione. The differences in the activities found among sesquiterpene lactones are due to the number of alkylating elements, lipophilicity, and chemical environment. This chapter discusses some of the synthetic pathways and summarizes the chemical transformation and biological activities of these sesquiterpene lactones.
Abstract 1582: Adenosine A3 Receptor Deficiency Exerts Unanticipated Protective Effects on Pressure Overloaded-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction in Mice

Endogenous adenosine can protect the overloaded heart against the development of hypertrophy and heart failure, but the contribution of A 1 receptors (A 1 R) and A 3 receptors(A 3 R) is not known. To test the hypothesis A 1 R and A 3 R can protect the heart against systolic overload, we exposed A 3 R gene deficient (A 3 R KO) mice and A 1 R KO mice to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Contrary to our hypothesis, A 3 R KO attenuated 5 weeks TAC-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (ratio of ventricular mass/body weight increased to 7.6 ±0.3 mg/g in wild type (Wt) mice as compared with 6.3±0.4 mg/g in KO), fibrosis and dysfunction (LV ejection fraction decreased to 43±2.5% and 55±4.2% in Wt and KO mice, respectively). A 3 R KO also attenuated the TAC-induced increases of myocardial ANP and the oxidative stress markers 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT ) and 4-hydroxynonenal. In addition, A 3 R KO significantly attenuated TAC-induced activation of multiple MAP kinase pathways, and the activation of Akt-GSK signaling pathway. In contrast, A 1 R-KO increased TAC-induced mortality, but did not alter ventricular hypertrophy or dysfunction compared to Wt mice. In mice in which extracellular adenosine production was impaired by CD73 KO, TAC caused greater hypertrophy and dysfunction, and increased myocardial 3-NT, indicates that extracellular adenosine protects heart against TAC-induced ventricular oxidative stress and hypertrophy. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced to hypertrophy with phenylephrine, the adenosine analogue 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) reduced cell area, protein synthesis, ANP and 3-NT. Antagonism of A3R significantly potentiated the anti-hypertrophic effects of CADO. Our data demonstrated that extracellular adenosine exerts protective effects on the overloaded heart, but A 3 R act counter to the protective effect of adenosine. The data suggest that selective attenuation of A 3 R activity might be a novel approach to attenuate pressure overload-induced myocardial oxidative stress, LV hypertrophy and dysfunction. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Midwest Affiliate (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota & Wisconsin).
CARDIOVASCULAR TERATOGENESIS IN CHICK EMBRYOS TREATED WITH 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN

ABSTRACT The chick embryo has been used extensively as a model system for studying organogenesis of the cardiovascular system. Since the normal development of this system is well characterized, teratologists have used it to evaluate chemicals for their potential to cause cardiovascular teratogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in this regard. It was found that single doses of TCDD ranging from 0.009 to 77.5 picamoles, when injected into the egg white on day 0 of development, caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of cardiovascular malformations. Organogenesis of the cardiovascular system occurs in the chick embryo from days 2 to 8 of development and in this study the cardiovascular system was examined for teratogenic effects on day 14. The range of TCDD doses used did not cause a significant increase in embryo lethality nor did it increase the incidence of external malformations. Thus, TCDD treatment increases the incidence of cardiovascular malformations in the chicken. Before these results can be extrapolated to man it is essential that they be confirmed in a mammalian species.
Gender, gender roles, and personality: Gender differences in the prediction of coping and psychological symptoms

Path models of the effects of gender, gender roles, and personality variables (achievement and affiliation orientation, locus of control, empathy) on coping and symptoms were tested to explore the risk and protective effects of gender roles and personality on psychological symptoms, and to test whether or not gender roles or personality accounted for gender differences in coping and symptoms. In a sample of university undergraduates (35% Asian American, 59% European American or Caucasian, 6% other ethnic/racial background), masculinity predicted lower depression but higher antisocial and substance use problems, whereas femininity predicted lower antisocial and substance use problems. Personality variables did not account for the effects of gender or gender roles on coping or symptoms, but rather gender roles and personality each predicted unique variance in those variables. Significant gender differences in the relations among gender roles and personality emerged; however, there were no gender differences in the relations between coping and symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of studying gender differences in the effects of gender roles and personality on coping and symptoms, because it appears that gender roles and personality operate differently for males and females.
A C-C bonded 5,6-fused bicyclic energetic molecule: exploring an advanced energetic compound with improved performance.

A C–C bonded amino-nitro pyrazole (7) and its ring-expansion product (9) have been synthesized and characterized. The synthetic route to 9 proceeds in several steps from the commercial substrate diethyl oxalate and acetone. The process was found to be straightforward, practical and easily scalable. Both of these structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 9 with a high density (1.85 g cm−3) at room temperature, excellent thermal stability (Td: 315 °C), good detonation performance and low sensitivity to impact and friction has potential as a high-temperature energetic material.
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Gastrointestinal Tract: an Uncommon Lesion, Commonly Missed

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 0.4% of soft-tissue sarcomas. It shows both nodal and extranodal involvement. Considering the rarity and difficulties in diagnosing this tumor, we consider it very important to share our experience of diagnosing FDCS. Its correct diagnosis cannot be overemphasized as the treatment and prognosis of FDCS are very much different from tumors which come in its differential diagnosis. We are presenting eight cases of extranodal FDCS in gastrointestinal tract diagnosed at our center in a period of 3 years (Feb 2015 to Feb 2018). Presenting complaints, demographic details, gross description, histologic features, immunostain results, and clinical follow-up were evaluated. Four patients were females and four were males. Tumor ranged in size from 5.5 to 35 cm. In five cases, tumor cells were arranged in storiform and whorling pattern. Lymphocytes were seen sprinkled in between these cells. In one case, lymphocytic infiltrate was extensive. Giant cells and frequent mitoses were noted in two cases. One case showed extensive necrosis. Tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for CD21 and CD35. Mean follow up of 11.8 months (range 01 to 24 months) was noted. FDCS is a rare tumor having distinct morphology and phenotype which if known can be correctly diagnosed. Therefore, knowledge of its varied location, morphology, and phenotype is very important to correctly diagnose this tumor and to prevent misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Extensor Mechanism Reconstruction with Use of Marlex Mesh.

Background Marlex mesh reconstruction of the extensor mechanism via a stepwise surgical approach is a viable option to treat disruption of the extensor mechanism after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Description Extensor mechanism reconstruction with mesh involves a stepwise surgical approach with a particular monofilament polypropylene mesh (Marlex; C.R. Bard). Prior to incision, the 10 × 14-in (25 × 36-cm) sheet of Marlex mesh is rolled onto itself 8 to 10 times and sewn together. If the tibia is not being revised, a burr is utilized to create a trough in the tibia. Five centimeters of the tapered portion of the mesh are predipped in bone cement. The remaining cement is inserted into the trough. The tapered portion of the mesh is inserted into the tibial trough, ensuring that the mesh is fully seated. After the cement has cured, a lag screw is placed across the mesh and cement and into host bone. If the tibia is being revised at the time of the Marlex mesh reconstruction, the 5 cm of predipped mesh is placed anteriorly in the medullary canal in line with the tibial crest. The remaining procedure is similar regardless of whether the components are revised. At the level of the joint, it is essential to ensure that the mesh is covered with host tissue. Next, the proximal reconstruction, which involves mobilizing the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) distally by releasing all ventral and dorsal soft-tissue adhesions off the muscle bellies, is completed. Finally, the mesh is unitized to the vastus lateralis. With the limb maintained in full extension, the mesh is pulled directly proximally while another assistant pulls the vastus lateralis distally and medially. The vastus lateralis is deep, and the mesh is directly on top of it. Multiple nonabsorbable sutures are placed through the mesh and vastus lateralis. The VMO is then pulled distally and laterally over the mesh (which is now unitized to the vastus lateralis) by an assistant. Multiple nonabsorbable sutures (usually 8) are placed through the VMO, through the mesh, and through the vastus lateralis, unitizing the entire construct. Alternatives Nonoperative treatments include a drop-lock hinge brace or knee immobilizer. Operative treatments include whole extensor mechanism allograft reconstruction or Achilles tendon allograft reconstruction. Rationale The procedure avoids the limitations of allograft with regard to availability, cost, and risk of disease transmission. The technique is reproducible and cost-effective, and it has excellent functional and survivorship outcomes.
Microbiologic Changes Induced by Biliary Drainage Require Adapted Antibiotic Prophylaxis during Duodenopancreatectomy.

Background: Patients with periampullary tumors frequently undergo endoscopic biliary investigations and biliary drainage (BD) prior to surgery. Recent literature shows a shift of the biliary microbiome toward more resistant bacteria in patients having BD. This study aimed to evaluate the local microbiome and changes induced by BD and related antibiotic exposure and to consider the choice of antibiotic for peri-operative prophylaxis. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study included patients operated on for periampullary tumors between January 2013 and November 2017. All patients had intra-operative bile samples taken for culture and peri-operative antibiotic use as well as documentation of complications according to the Dindo-Clavien classification. Results: A total of 37 patients were included. All received pre-operative endoscopy, and 29 (78%) had BD preceded by administration of ceftriaxone or metronidazole. Intra-operative antibiotic prophylaxis consisted of cefuroxime (92%) or ceftriaxone (13%) combined with metronidazole (100%). Bacterial contamination of bile samples was more common in the BD group than in the no biliary drainage (NBD) group (93% vs 38%; p < 0.01). A shift was observed from bile containing mainly Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. toward Enterococcus faecalis (0 in the NBD group versus 44.8% in the BD group; p < 0.01), Enterococcus faecium (0 versus 23%; p = 0.3), and Candida albicans (0 versus 34.5%; p = 0.08). Post-operative antibiotic modifications were common. No difference was found regarding Dindo-Clavien complications, post-operative stay, or antibiotic use in the two groups, although one patient in the NBD group who had pre-operative biliary endoscopy with antibiotic prophylaxis developed a fatal septic clot caused by Escherichia coli resistant to cefuroxime. Conclusions: We observed a significant change toward colonization by enterococci and fungi in the microbiome of patients who had pre-operative biliary investigations or drainage with antibiotic prophylaxis. These findings indicate that bile samples should be obtained systematically during surgery for periampullary tumors to guide any post-operative antibiotic therapy and peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis and might need adaptation to target the modified microbiome.
Associations of Preoperative Patient Mental Health and Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics With Baseline Pain, Function, and Satisfaction in Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Repairs.

Background:Shoulder pain and dysfunction are common indications for rotator cuff repair surgery, yet the factors that are associated with these symptoms are not fully understood.Purpose/Hypothesis:...
African International Relations, genocidal histories and the emancipatory Project. Part 1

Silences in the discipline of International Relations on genocide amount to a form of genocide denial, which is one of the foundations of future genocide. The paper posits that in the era of militarized global apartheid, progressive scholars are challenged to critique and expose the past and current crimes against humanity that are occurring in Africa. Drawing from the consolidation of an alternative analysis in the context of the Bandung Project, the paper analyzed the contributions of the ideas that emerged out of the anti-apartheid struggles and the struggles for reparative justice. Struggles from the Global South had culminated in the World Conference against Racism (WCAR) process, elevating the anti-racist battles as a core challenge of Africa’s International Relations. This rejuvenation and energies coming out of the protracted struggle for bread, peace and justice took the form of the transition to the African Union leaving behind the concept of the noninterference in the internal affairs of states. The paper analyzed the ways in which afro-pessimism was being reinforced by the constructivist path in African International Relations. The contributions of radical African feminists are presented as one new direction where there is the coalescence of the progressive anti-imperialist intellectual traditions with radical feminisms. These two traditions open possibilities for an emancipatory project. This project has taken on extra importance in the period of the fragility of global capital when the precariousness of capitalism threatens new and endless wars and destabilization in Africa. Modern humanitarianism forms one component of the weaponization of everything and it is within this ensemble of ideas that scholars need to deconstruct the discussion of ‘failed states’ in Africa.
Akhtar, Nosheen, Forchuk, Cheryl, McKay, Katherine, Fishman, Sandra, and Rudnick, Abraham. Handbook of Person-Centered Mental Health Care : Boston, MA: Hogrefe Publishing, 2021, 198 pp., $44.80 (Paperback).

Person-centered care grew out of the work of Carl Rogers person-centered therapy, also known as Rogerian therapy, in the 1940s. Traditional therapy placed the therapist in the position of expert; p...
A Model for Studying the Biomechanical Effects of Varying Ratios of Collagen Types I and III on Cardiomyocytes

To develop a novel model composed solely of Col I and Col III with the lower and upper limits set to include the ratios of Col I and Col III at 3:1 and 9:1 in which the structural and mechanical behavior of the resident CM can be studied. Further, the progression of fibrosis due to change in ratios of Col I:Col III was tested. Collagen gels with varying Col I:Col III ratios to represent a healthy (3:1) and diseased myocardial tissue were prepared by manually casting them in wells. Absorbance assay was performed to confirm the gelation of the gels. Rheometric analysis was performed on each of the collagen gels prepared to determine the varying stiffnesses and rheological parameters of the gels made with varying ratios of Col I:Col III. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) was performed to observe the 3D characterization of the collagen samples. Scanning Electron microscopy was used for acquiring cross sectional images of the lyophilized collagen gels. AC16 CM (human) cell lines were cultured in the prepared gels to study cell morphology and behavior as a result of the varying collagen ratios. Cellular proliferation was studied by performing a Cell Trace Violet Assay and the applied force on each cell was measured by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on CM from each sample. Second harmonic generation microscopy used to image Col I, displayed a decrease in acquired image intensity with an increase in the non-second harmonic Col III in 3:1 gels. SEM showed a fiber-rich structure in the 3:1 gels with well-distributed pores unlike the 9:1 gels or the 1:0 controls. Rheological analysis showed a decrease in substrate stiffness with an increase of Col III, in comparison with other cases. CM cultured within 3:1 gels exhibited an elongated rod-like morphology with an average end-to-end length of 86 ± 28.8 µm characteristic of healthy CM, accompanied by higher cell growth in comparison with other cases. Finite element analysis used to estimate the forces exerted on CM cultured in the 3:1 gels, showed that the forces were well dispersed, and not concentrated within the center of cells, in comparison with other cases. This study model can be adopted to simulate various biomechanical environments in which cells crosstalk with the Collagen-matrix in diseased pathologies to generate insights on strategies for prevention of fibrosis.
Visiflex: A Low-Cost Compliant Tactile Fingertip for Force, Torque, and Contact Sensing

We present the Visiflex, an inexpensive compliant tactile fingertip capable of contact localization and 6 degree-of-freedom (dof) contact force and torque measurement. Because manipulation of rigid or nearly-rigid objects requires compliance at the contact, we build compliance directly into the Visiflex in the form of a well-characterized 6-dof flexure between the fingertip and the base of the Visiflex. This compliance also allows the use of a 6-dof position sensor to measure forces and torques transmitted through the fingertip. The position sensor is a camera, and the same camera is used to detect contact locations on the fingertip via frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR). Our tests indicate that typical errors in contact location detection are less than 1 mm and typical errors in force sensing are less than 0.3 N. A video of the Visiflex can be found online.
Sixth-Gen Wireless Tech with Optical Wireless Communication

Fifth-generation (5G) communication is about to arrive. It has too many features than existing Fourth-generation (4G) communication. And then later Sixth-generation (6G) communication will arrive having the features of artificial intelligence in it. In 5G, many things need to be upgraded and improved like more system capacity, higher data speed, and quality of services. This paper is about Sixth-generation (6G) technology with wireless communication. It contains the discussion of new technologies like artificial intelligence, optical wireless technology, and also the required technology for 6G communication and challenges to achieve this target.
Suicidal Ideation and Depression Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients (aged 18–39 years) represent a unique population within oncology. The developmental and mental health challenges that can co-occur with a d...
Quantitative Control for Stoichiometric Protein Synthesis

Bacterial protein synthesis rates have evolved to maintain preferred stoichiometries at striking precision, from the components of protein complexes to constituents of entire pathways. Setting rela...
Teaching Material Testing and Characterization with an Open, Accessible, and Affordable Mechanical Test Device

Hands-on experiences in biomechanics and biomaterials courses are an important part of biomedical engineering education. Curricula of those courses often include laboratory modules on material testing and characterization. Unfortunately, large and expensive mechanical testing equipment may not be available to all students, thus limiting students’ access to actual hands-on experience. Here, we introduce an open, accessible, and affordable mechanical test device that ensures that every student gets their hands on test equipment and a test specimen. In fact, the device has a small form factor, is inexpensive, and can therefore be taken home. The device is built with low-cost components and 3D-printed parts for a total cost of less than $45. The device also makes use of each student’s cell phone camera for optical strain measurements, thereby avoiding the need for expensive imaging equipment. In addition to the device, we also introduce a rich set of supplementary materials that make adoption and application by educators and students as easy as possible. A first experience in a 20-student biomedical engineering technical elective class has demonstrated ease of use and anecdotally confirms the device and material’s usefulness in practical teaching. However, more formal evaluation is needed to demonstrate that our test device and materials enhance laboratory teaching.