cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delamination buckling and growth of flat, cross-ply laminates

Abstract A one-dimensional model is presented in order to predict (a) delamination buckling loads of an across the width delaminated and axially loaded laminated plate and (b) the ultimate load-carrying capability of the above geometry, when delamination growth can take place. In order to study the possibility of spreading of the damaged (delaminated) area to the undamaged area, the post-buckling solution is employed. The energy release rate has been used to determine whether the delamination growth is stable or unstable. The results reveal that for a relatively small delamination length the buckling loads serve as a measure of the load-carrying capacity of the damaged plate, while for a relatively large delamination length, the plate could carry larger loads depending on the fracture toughness of the plate material. Moreover, the present model can be used to study the effect of the presence of coupling between bending and stretching on delamination growth. Note that for such geometries the possibility of bifurcational buckling does not exist, regardless of the level of the applied load.
ECHO Virus Type 12, Isolation and Characteristics.∗†:

Summary1) ECHO-12 prototype virus, 2-85-4 Travis, was isolated from rectal swab of a normal American child in the Philippines, collected in 1953. A rise in NA was demonstrated in serial serum specimens. This virus was antigenically distinct from all other currently recognized enteroviruses which are cytopathogenic for rhesus MKCC, as determined by reciprocal NA tests with all these viruses and their respective monkey or rabbit antisera. 2) Specificity and biologic properties of ECHO-12 virus in certain laboratory animals, chick embryos, and cell cultures are described. The ability of ECHO-12 virus to form plaques in both rhesus and patas MKCC and to hemagglutinate human type O erythrocytes at 4, 25 and 37°C further distinguishes this virus from the first 19 of the 24 recognized ECHO types. Prototype ECHO-12 infected rhesus MKCC fluids can be used in CF, NA and HAI tests. 3) This virus has now been repeatedly isolated from individuals in the Philippines, from United States and Mexico. Antibodies are presen...
Rapid induction and disappearance of electron‐dense organelles following sulfide exposure in the marine annelid Branchioasychis americana

. Electron-dense organelles (EDOs) are a characteristic feature of marine annelids adapted to hydrogen sulfide, but little is known about their origin or fate or the mechanism by which they are formed. In this study, transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the appearance, quantity, and size distribution of EDOs in body wall epithelium of the sulfide-tolerant annelid Branchioasychis americana. EDOs were enclosed by either one or two lipid bilayers with a typical diameter in the range of 0.4–1.2 μm. The contents included amorphous electron-dense material, lamellated membranes, and distinct membrane-bounded structures. In animals fixed immediately after collection from the mudflat, the EDO quantity was 0.148 μm−2. This decreased by one-third to 0.100 μm−2 after 2 weeks under sulfide-free conditions. Subsequent exposure to 250–400 μmol L−1 sulfide for ≤24 h increased the EDO quantity by 2.4-fold to 0.240 μm−2, which reverted to control levels after 24 h under sulfide-free conditions. The results show that EDOs are transient structures that are rapidly induced by sulfide, which is consistent with the hypothesis that sulfide-induced EDOs represent the upregulated autophagic degradation of mitochondria or other cellular constituents damaged by sulfide exposure.
Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, sucrose, or high-fructose corn syrup

Our laboratory has investigated 2 hypotheses regarding the effects of fructose consumption: 1) the endocrine effects of fructose consumption favor a positive energy balance, and 2) fructose consumption promotes the development of an atherogenic lipid profile. In previous short- and long-term studies, we showed that consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with 3 meals results in lower 24-h plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin in humans than does consumption of glucose-sweetened beverages. We have also tested whether prolonged consumption of high-fructose diets leads to increased caloric intake or decreased energy expenditure, thereby contributing to weight gain and obesity. Results from a study conducted in rhesus monkeys produced equivocal results. Carefully controlled and adequately powered long-term studies are needed to address these hypotheses. In both short- and long-term studies, we showed that consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages substantially increases postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with glucose-sweetened beverages. In the long-term studies, apolipoprotein B concentrations were also increased in subjects consuming fructose, but not in those consuming glucose. Data from a short-term study comparing consumption of beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, high-fructose corn syrup, and sucrose suggest that high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose increase postprandial triacylglycerol to an extent comparable with that induced by 100% fructose alone. Increased consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages along with increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes underscore the importance of investigating the metabolic consequences of fructose consumption in carefully controlled experiments.
The Quest for a Responsible Responsibility Test: Norwegian Insanity Law After Breivik

The Breivik case in Norway has motivated a reassessment of Norwegian insanity law by the Norwegian government. Because Norway since 2002 has utilized a “medical model” for legal insanity—a model according to which the legal excuse of insanity is identified with some medical concept such as psychosis—the Norwegian reexamination of its law is not without interest throughout the world. In this paper, I utilize the Anglo-American experience with different medical models for insanity to assess the current Norwegian law on insanity. I defend a strong version of the medical model against standard criticisms advanced against it in the Anglo-American literature, and venture some suggested improvements in how that model was applied in the Breivik case.
Relation between choice of partner and high frequency of connexin-26 deafness

Recessive mutations at the connexin-26 gene locus are now recognised as the cause of nearly half of all cases of genetic deafness in many populations. We suggest that this high frequency is only seen in populations with a long tradition of intermarriage among deaf people. Available data are consistent with the hypothesis that such marriages might well have contributed to the high frequency of connexin-26 deafness in the USA, and could represent a novel mechanism for maintaining specific genotypes at unexpectedly high frequencies.
Enabling factors of mental health service use among African Americans.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence use of mental health service (MHS) by African Americans (AA) first-time voluntary users who accessed public MHS. Using a grounded theory approach, 24 participants were interviewed. Three major enabling factors - family, valued others, and beliefs - were identified that focused on the ability to secure needed MHS. Findings indicate an underidentified and underused strategy for meeting first-time users’ perceived needs. Findings have implications for culturally competent outreach and future research.
Efficacy of a template creation approach for performance improvement

This article presents the training and performance improvement approach, performance templates (P-T), and provides empirical evidence to support the efficacy of P-T. This approach involves a partnership among managers, trainers, and employees in the creation, use, and improvement of guides to affect the performance of critical tasks in the operating environment. The P-T approach requires much involvement and hands-on activities by training participants, and, as a result, training groups are not large. Given that limitation, a comparison of employees trained with P-T methods and employees trained in more conventional methods indicates that the P-T approach can lead to improved performance to some extent over a fairly short period.
Safety and Effectiveness of Mentor’s MemoryGel Implants at 6 Years

In November 2006, the FDA approved the Premarket Approval PMA applications for the round, cohesive, silicone gel-filled breast implants of Mentor (MemoryGel) and Allergan. Since that time, the devices have been widely available to plastic surgeons and their use is rapidly eclipsing that of the saline breast implants. Patients in the Core clinical studies supporting these approvals continue to be followed through for 10 years, with comprehensive annual patient and physician-reported evaluations of safety and efficacy. One thousand and eight (1,008) female patients had data collected on 1,898 implants, and were enrolled at 48 sites. Key complication rates were recorded with Kaplan–Meier estimated cumulative incidence calculation for each. Rupture rate, suspected and confirmed, for primary augmentation was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.3–4.3), and that for primary reconstruction patients was 3.8% (95% CI, 1.4–9.8). Capsular contracture rates for clinically significant Baker III/IV contracture for primary augmentation was 9.8% (95% C I, 7.6–12.7), and that for primary reconstruction was 13.7% (95% CI, 9.7–19.1). The reoperation incidence for primary augmentation and primary reconstruction was 19.4 and 33.9%, respectively, with explantation and replacement with a study device in 3.9% of primary augmentations and 10.4% of primary reconstructions. Mentor MemoryGel Silicone Breast implants represent a safe and effective choice for women seeking breast augmentation or breast reconstruction following mastectomy.
Conditional Morality? Attitudes of Religious Individuals toward Racial Profiling

Racial profiling has been a contentious topic in recent years. However, little is known about the attitudes of Americans toward this practice. After the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, profiling on individuals of Arab and Muslim backgrounds has been on the rise. The author examined how religious Americans are responding to this form of racial discrimination. Using data from a national survey taken in October 2001, the author concludes that Protestants, Catholics, and Jewish individuals were more likely to support racial profiling compared to nonreligious individuals. The author proposes that these individuals are faced with competing moral demands and tactically support this law enforcement practice. In addition, race, knowing a Muslim personally, political ideology, age, and education have significant association with attitudes toward racial profiling.
A versatile tool box for the deep-ultraviolet resonant Raman spectroscopy

We demonstrate an array of novel laser systems based on nonlinear optical conversion to achieve resonant Raman spectroscopy over a broad spectral and temporal range with unprecedented stability and reproducibility.
Walter Miles and his research on low dose alcohol (1914-1924): shifting the emphasis from intoxication to impairment.

During his tenure (1914-1922) as a research scientist at Boston's Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory, Walter Miles (1885-1978) conducted important and methodologically sophisticated experiments on the psychological effects of low dose (2.75% by weight) alcohol. The research was important because it represented a shift in strategy away from examining the effects of large amounts of alcohol to determine the consequences of alcohol intoxication. Although the amount of alcohol ingested by his subjects was small, Miles was nonetheless able to demonstrate consistent deficits in several types of motor performance. Miles became an acknowledged national expert on the topic of alcohol and its behavioral consequences, and although he was unable to influence the debate that led to repealing National Prohibition in the early 1930s, his research had relevance for an issue that was emerging in the 1930s-the problem of the alcohol-impaired driver. Miles added a scientific and respected voice to the developing momentum for a societal response to the impaired driving question. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
VLA and VLBI angular broadening measurements - The distribution of interstellar scattering at low Galactic latitudes

Dual-frequency VLA and multifrequency VLBI observations of a number of sources in the Galactic plane have been made and used to estimate the amount of interstellar scattering in the Galactic plane as manifested by angular broadening of the observed sources. Some objects that may be affected by interstellar scattering are identified. The observed scattering in the Galactic plane decreases with increasing Galactic longitude, reaching a minimum at l roughly 60 deg and then becomes prominent again in the Cygnus region. The magnitude of scattering in the interarm region between l = 50-70 deg is comparable to that predicted by a model calculation of a 'smooth' component of interstellar turbulence. Thus, the more intense 'clumps' of interstellar turbulence may be mainly confined to the spiral arms. A computer simulation suggests that a complex distribution of clumps exists in the 'clumped' component, and that the form of the clump distribution as well as the density of clumps must change with increasing Galactocentric distance. 39 refs.
Mediastinal dissection and reconstruction for recurrent hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid

A 69-year-old man presented with recurrent Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Successful surgical resection of the recurrent tumor included the larynx and trachea; skin, soft tissues, and lymph nodes of the neck; and the tissues of the anterior mediastinum, including upper sternum and clavicular heads. Coverage of the wound was accomplished with an inferiorly based parasternal fasciocutaneous flap and a long pectoralis myocutaneous flap. This represents the first reported case of Hurthle cell carcinoma treated with mediastinal dissection for extensive local disease. Radical surgical resection should be considered for any patient with Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid in view of the ineffectiveness of nonsurgical modalities.
Structure of nonevaporating sprays. II - Drop and turbulence properties

This is the second part of a study reporting structure measurements in the dilute portion of axisymmetric nonevaporating sprays. Measurements are compared with predictions of three typical methods for analyzing sprays: (1) locally homogeneous flow (LHF) analysis, where slip between the phases is neglected; (2) deterministic separated flow (DSF) analysis, where slip is considered but effects of drop interactions with turbulence are ignored; and (3) stochastic separated flow (SSF) analysis, where both slip and effects of drop interactions with turbulence are considered. This part of the study reports measurements of mean and fluctuating drop velocities, the variation of Sauter mean diameter, and gas-phase turbulence properties in the dilute portion of the sprays. Best agreement between predictions and measurements was obtained with the SSF analysis. For present measurements in the dilute region (void fraction greater than 99.1 percent), effects of drops on gas-phase turbulence properties (turbulence modulation) were small. However, as the dense spray regions near the injector were approached, the measurements indicated modification of turbulence properties by drop motion.
Densities of liquid-acetone-water solutions up to their normal boiling points

The densities of acetone-water liquid solutions have been measured over the entire composition range from 20°C. to within 3° to 7°C. of the normal boiling point of the mixture. The density was measured with a Robertson pycnometer (13), which was modified slightly. The density values are thought to be accurate to within ±0.00005 density units. The technique for determining density values of the volatile mixture near the boiling temperature is given in some detail. The refractive index (nD25) of pure acetone has been redetermined and equals 1.35596 ± 0.00003.
Relationships between Chronological Age, Developmental Age, and Standardized Achievement Tests in Kindergarten.

Chronological age and developmental age have been used to identify readiness for kindergarten entrance. In the current research, chronological age and results of the Gesell School Readiness Test were evaluated as predictors of kindergarten performance as measured by the Stanford Achievement Test. Subjects were 284 children attending kindergarten in the San Luis Coastal School District during the 1986—1987 school year. Results indicate that both chronological and developmental age provide good predictors of Stanford Achievement Test performance in kindergarten. Implications of the current research for setting appropriate entrance policy were explored.
Detection and quantitation of pork in unheated pork-beef blends by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Description d'une methode d'identification et de dosage rapide pour des melanges de viandes hachees contenant de 0 a 100 % de viande de porc
GeoDec: A framework to visualize and query geospatial data for decision-making

There is a critical need for advanced geospatial decision-making tools for countless geospatial applications, such as urban planning, emergency response, military intelligence, simulator training, and serious gaming. With the abundance of available geospatial data - such as satellite and aerial imagery - the most effective approach to geospatial decision-making is through sophisticated virtualization. An ideal application designed to formulate and evaluate decision-making questions should contain realistic modeling, a host of geotagged and time-stamped data sets, and efficient presentation of a basic set of spatiotemporal queries on top of the information-rich virtual geolocation.
Control of the initiation of homeotic gene expression by the gap genes giant and tailless in Drosophila.

Abstract The process of segmentation in Drosophila is controlled by both maternal and zygotic genes. Members of the gap class of segmentation genes play a key role in this process by interpreting maternal information and controlling the expression of pair-rule and homeotic genes. We have analyzed the pattern of expression of a variety of homeotic, pair-rule, and gap genes in tailless and giant gap mutants. tailless acts in two domains, one anterodorsal and one posterior. In its anterior domain tailless exerts a repressive effect on the expression of fushi tarazu, hunchback , and Deformed . In its posterior domain of action, tailless is responsible for the establishment of Abdominal-B expression and demarcating the posterior boundary of the initial domain of expression of Ultrabithorax. giant is an early zygotic regulator of the gap gene hunchback: in giant − embryos, alterations in the anterior domain of hunchback expression are visible by the beginning of cycle 14. giant also regulates the establishment of the expression patterns of Antennapedia and Abdominal-B . In particular, giant is the factor that controls the anterior limit of early Antennapedia expression.
Increased upconversion quantum yield in plasmonic structures

Upconversion processes have found widespread applications in drug delivery, bio-imaging and solar-cells. In this paper we present a theoretical model that analyzes the impact of a plasmonic shield structure on the quantum yield of upconversion nanoparticles. We use this model to assess the efficiency of NaYF 4 : Tm 3+ Yb 3+ /NaYF 4 core-shell nanoparticles when embedded in a polymer matrix and covered by a metallic can-like structure. We find that as a result of this specific plasmonic structure, the upconversion luminescence from NIR to UV can be increased by a factor of 30.
Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in patients with chronic renal failure on long term hemodialysis.

Abstract Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity was assayed by a spectro-fluorometric method in 19 patients with chronic renal failure on long term hemodialysis and 19 control subjects. Converting enzyme activity was increased in 11 of 19 (58%) patients compared with the controls ( p less than 0.005). There was no correlation between serum converting enzyme activity and plasma renin activity or blood pressure in the patients. Possible mechanisms responsible for the increased converting enzyme activity are discussed.
Plasmodium falciparum malaria: band 3 as a possible receptor during invasion of human erythrocytes

Human erythrocyte band 3, a major membrane-spanning protein, was purified and incorporated into liposomes. These liposomes, at nanomolar concentrations of protein, inhibited invasion of human erythrocytes in vitro by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Liposomes containing human band 3 were ten times more effective in inhibiting invasion than those with pig band 3 and six times more effective than liposomes containing human erythrocyte glycophorin. Liposomes alone or liposomes containing erythrocyte glycolipids did not inhibit invasion. These results suggest that band 3 participates in the invasion process in a step involving a specific, high-affinity interaction between band 3 and some component of the parasite.
Tuning and Quantifying the Dispersibility of Gold Nanocrystals in Liquid and Supercritical Solvents

The application of nanomaterials relies on the ability to synthesize, purify, transport, and deposit them in a controllable fashion. The capacity to adjust the density, and thus the solvent strength, of a supercritical or near-critical fluid can be used to tune reaction and separation processes as well as to assemble nanomaterials in a controllable fashion. Herein we demonstrate and quantify density-tunable and reversible size-dependent dispersibility of octanethiol-stabilized gold nanocrystals with a size of 3.7 ± 2.2 nm in near-critical and supercritical solvents as a way to show the significant potential of these fluids for nanomaterials processing. This study introduced discrete variations on the pressure of nanocrystal dispersions in compressed ethane and propane at temperatures of 25, 45, and 65 °C until they reached a saturation region, at which point actual measurements of nanocrystal dispersibility were obtained using UV−vis absorption spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was empl...
Detection of cellulose-binding proteins in electrophoresis gels by filter paper affinity blotting

Proteins separated in electrophoresis gels were tested for the ability to bind cellulose by a simple blotting procedure. Proteins were blotted onto Whatman No. 1 filter paper by diffusion or by electrophoretic transfer and detected by Coomassie blue staining. Certain proteins released into culture supernatant by Bacteroides succinogenes NR9 (ATCC 43854) adhered strongly to cellulose, but were not found to have carboxymethylcellulose activity. Boiling of samples prior to electrophoresis eliminated the ability of proteins to bind to cellulose. Proteins that did not adhere to filter paper cellulose were detected on a nitrocellulose membrane placed behind the filter paper during electrophoretic transfer. The technique, referred to as filter paper affinity blotting, detects cellulose-binding proteins with great sensitivity.
Reversible interconversion of homochiral triangular macrocycles and helical coordination polymers.

The self-assembly of homochiral salen-based 60° corner building blocks and Cu2+ ions results in either a homochiral molecular triangle or a homochiral helix depending on solvent ratio (MeOH/pyridine). The process is reversible, and each compound has been characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.
The Permanent Significance of Miracle for Religion: The Dudleian Lecture for 1915 at Harvard University

A few days ago, meeting one of my scientific friends, I happened to mention the fact that I was going to Harvard to deliver the Dudleian Lecture, and that I had chosen as my subject “The Permanent Significance of Miracle for Religion.” “It is a good subject,” he said, “but you have left out the most important word. It ought to read ‘The Lack of Permanent Significance of Miracle for Religion.’”
How Long-Lived Are the Hypothetical Trojan Populations of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune?

We investigate the possibility that fractions of the primordial populations at the triangular Lagrangian points of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have survived to the present and form (as yet unobserved) clusters of bodies coorbiting with these planets. Such leftovers would be analogs of the numerous objects (Trojans) leading and trailing the revolutions of Jupiter around the Sun. We focus on the dynamical stability of such populations over the age of the Solar System, assuming the current configuration of planets, and also discuss effects of the early radial migration of the outer planets. Our results suggest that, while Saturn's and Uranus' primordial Trojan populations should have been depleted by a factor of 100, Neptune may retain 50% of its original population of Trojans. A population of neptunian Trojans comparable to, or even larger than, Jupiter's Trojan population cannot be ruled out by existing observations. We compute the present-day sky densities of the hypothetical Trojans of the outer planets which can be used to guide observational surveys. Finally, we propose that the long-term instabilities that cause some jovian Trojans to escape the region of the Lagrange points at the present are due to three-body resonances.
Risk assessment for coronary heart disease in patients with haemophilia: a single centre study in the United States.

Summary In haemophilia, coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs at a similar frequency as in the general population, but the contributing risk factors in haemophilia are incompletely understood. To investigate risk factors and 10-year CHD risk in a single centre cohort of patients with haemophilia (PWH) ≥20 years old (n = 89). We retrospectively applied the modified Framingham National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP) III risk prediction equation. Three risk levels were defined: 20% (high). Results were compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Mean age in both cohorts was similar. Compared to NHANES, systolic blood pressures were significantly higher in PWH, but current smoking and cholesterol were lower. CHD risk differed significantly between PWH and NHANES (P = 0.005) with a higher proportion of PWH classified at low risk (77.5% vs. 61.0%). The proportion of low risk patients was also significantly higher for severe haemophilia patients compared to non-severe haemophilia patients (88.6% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.02). Among PWH, and compared to PWH who were hepatitis C (HepC) negative, HepC positive patients had significantly lower cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. The CHD risk of HepC positive patients differed significantly from NHANES (P = 0.03) with a lower proportion of HepC positives being classified as high risk (5.7% vs. 17.3%). Favourable CHD risk classification in PWH may be influenced by low cholesterol associated with HepC infection. Estimates of CHD risk in PWH by composite scoring may not be accurate and will require studies correlating risk factors with incident CHD.
Gathering at the Well: Creating Communities for Grid I/O

Grid applications have demanding I/O needs. Schedulers must bring jobs and data in close proximity in order to satisfy throughput, scalability, and policy requirements. Most systems accomplish this by making either jobs or data mobile. We propose a system that allows jobs and data to meet by binding execution and storage sites together into I/O communities which then participate in the wide-area system. The relationships between participants in a community may be expressed by the ClassAd framework. Extensions to the framework allow community members to express indirect relations. We demonstrate our implementation of I/O communities by improving the performance of a key high-energy physics simulation on an international distributed system.
Algorithms for memories with stuck cells

We present a class of algorithms for encoding data in memories with stuck cells. These algorithms rely on earlier code constructions termed cyclic Partitioned Linear Block Codes. For the corresponding q-ary BCH-like codes for u stucks in a codeword of length n, our encoding algorithm has complexity O((u log q n)2) F q operations, which we will show compares favorably to a generic approach based on Gaussian elimination. The computational complexity improvements are realized by taking advantage of the algebraic structure of cyclic codes for stucks. The algorithms are also applicable to cyclic codes for both stucks and errors.
Active Biological Materials

Cells make use of dynamic internal structures to control shape and create movement. By consuming energy to assemble into highly organized systems of interacting parts, these structures can generate force and resist compression, as well as adaptively change in response to their environment. Recent progress in reconstituting cytoskeletal structures in vitro has provided an opportunity to characterize the mechanics and dynamics of filament networks formed from purified proteins. Results indicate that a complex interplay between length scales and timescales underlies the mechanical responses of these systems and that energy consumption, as manifested in molecular motor activity and cytoskeletal filament growth, can drive transitions between distinct material states. This review discusses the basic characteristics of these active biological materials that set them apart from conventional materials and that create a rich array of unique behaviors.
Turbo array receiver for underwater telemetry

We describe a novel, turbo-based array receiver architecture for underwater channels with large delay-Doppler spreading. We demonstrate performance on data from an underwater BPSK telemetry experiment with rapid fading, and on simulated data extended to MPSK. Compared to a classical decision-directed LS-MMSE receiver of comparable observation and filter sizes, our proposed algorithm shows dramatically improved performance. The architecture is built around a block-based multi-channel linear model that considers deterministic time-invariant (TIV) multipath and random fading. Symbol estimates are decomposed by approximated conditional mean and variance components to reflect varying degrees of uncertainty. By approximating TIV coefficients with previous estimates, observation components due to symbol uncertainty conform to a linear model. The turbo cycle refines estimates for both predicted symbols and multipath parameters, effectively mitigating decision delay in rapidly time-varying channels with large delay spread. Our presentation includes a practical and robust computation approach, essential for problems of this size.
Early American Politics--The Search for Ideology: An Historiographical Analysis and Critique of the Concept of "Deference"

T he historian, like any interested student of politics, is influenced by the political theories and conceptions that have become accepted as standard explanations of the past as well as the present. Scholars not only interpret the past in light of contemporary values but they seek from history ideas and beliefs that help to explain the present. In a recent discussion of democratic institutions, Leonard J. Fein noted that "while we are all aware of the vast transformations that have occurred in the last two centuries, and especially in the last fifty years, many of our expectations regarding the way democracy ought to work are based on an earlier world and earlier understanding of that world."' It is the historian's job to describe the "earlier world" of the American political experience, and the conclusions he reaches as to the nature of that experience will often have an importance that extends well beyond the narrow confines of his historical curiosity. Although few historians are overtly concerned with writing political theory, their analysis of earlier political ideas, values, and institutional structures often becomes the raw material by which political philosophers develop such theories. An historian's account of a specific era is frequently influenced by the interpretative analyses and the terms used to describe periods that either preceded or followed his major interest. In his book, The Revolution of American Conservatism, David Hackett Fischer was led to a reinterpretation of early nineteenth-century Federalist party politics by way of the "revisionists"' works of Bernard Bailyn, Richard McCormick, and J. R. Pole whose studies dealt with political experiences both before
Effects of nutrients on mosquitoes and an emergent macrophyte, Schoenoplectus maritimus, for use in treatment wetlands

Schoenoplectus maritimus (alkali bulrush) has desirable attributes, such as a short growth habit (height of mature stands 3 m) emergent macrophytes in shallow constructed treatment wetlands treating ammonium-dominated wastewater. The effects of different ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) levels on alkali bulrush growth and its ability to take up nutrients from the wastewater, as well as on mosquito production, across the range of NH4-N found in constructed wetlands of southern California are unknown. We evaluated the effects of enrichment with NH4-N on mosquito production and on the nutrient uptake and growth of alkali bulrush in two studies. Overall, significantly greater numbers (> 50%) of immature mosquitoes (mainly Culex tarsalis) were found in mesocosms enriched with NH4-N than in mesocosms receiving ambient (<0.3 mg/liter) NH4-N. High NH4-N enrichment (up to 60 mg/liter) did not adversely impact the height and stem density of S. maritimus, although a significant decrease in biomass was observed at the highest enrichment level. Nitrogen uptake by alkali bulrush increased directly with NH4-N enrichment, whereas carbon was conserved in the above-ground biomass across the enrichment gradient. Alkali bulrush is recommended for use as part of integrated mosquito management programs for moderately enriched, multipurpose, constructed treatment wetlands that improve water quality as well as provide wetland habitat for waterfowl.
PIASy-dependent SUMOylation regulates DNA topoisomerase IIα activity

DNA topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα) is an essential chromosome-associated enzyme with activity implicated in the resolution of tangled DNA at centromeres before anaphase onset. However, the regulatory mechanism of TopoIIα activity is not understood. Here, we show that PIASy-mediated small ubiquitin-like modifier 2/3 (SUMO2/3) modification of TopoIIα strongly inhibits TopoIIα decatenation activity. Using mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that TopoIIα is SUMOylated at lysine 660 (Lys660), a residue located in the DNA gate domain, where both DNA cleavage and religation take place. Remarkably, loss of SUMOylation on Lys660 eliminates SUMOylation-dependent inhibition of TopoIIα, which indicates that Lys660 SUMOylation is critical for PIASy-mediated inhibition of TopoIIα activity. Together, our findings provide evidence for the regulation of TopoIIα activity on mitotic chromosomes by SUMOylation. Therefore, we propose a novel mechanism for regulation of centromeric DNA catenation during mitosis by PIASy-mediated SUMOylation of TopoIIα.
Intestinal Master Transcription Factor CDX2 Controls Chromatin Access for Partner Transcription Factor Binding

Tissue-specific gene expression requires modulation of nucleosomes, allowing transcription factors to occupy cis elements that are accessible only in selected tissues. Master transcription factors control cell-specific genes and define cellular identities, but it is unclear if they possess special abilities to regulate cell-specific chromatin and if such abilities might underlie lineage determination and maintenance. One prevailing view is that several transcription factors enable chromatin access in combination. The homeodomain protein CDX2 specifies the embryonic intestinal epithelium, through unknown mechanisms, and partners with transcription factors such as HNF4A in the adult intestine. We examined enhancer chromatin and gene expression following Cdx2 or Hnf4a excision in mouse intestines. HNF4A loss did not affect CDX2 binding or chromatin, whereas CDX2 depletion modified chromatin significantly at CDX2-bound enhancers, disrupted HNF4A occupancy, and abrogated expression of neighboring genes. Thus, CDX2 maintains transcription-permissive chromatin, illustrating a powerful and dominant effect on enhancer configuration in an adult tissue. Similar, hierarchical control of cell-specific chromatin states is probably a general property of master transcription factors.
Relief of pressure damping during coronary angioplasty: A device for creating side holes in ptca guiding catheters

Percutaneous coronary angioplasty guiding catheters occasionally wedge in the coronary orifice and obstruct blood flow, making completion of the balloon dilatation difficult. Side holes may be made in the catheter, but when created free-hand may not be ideal. This report describes a device for creating side holes of small size, with uniform shape, and without rough edges. The disadvantages of dye extravasation and loss of strength in the catheter are minimized.
Differential expression of metallothioneins (MTs) 1, 2, and 3 in response to zinc treatment in human prostate normal and malignant cells and tissues

Background The disturbance of zinc homeostasis featured with a significant decrease of cellular zinc level was well documented to associate with the development and progression of human prostate malignancy. We have previously reported that zinc treatment induces prostate malignant cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. Metallothionein (MT) is a major receptor/donor of zinc in the cells. However, the studies on the expression of MT in association with the prostate pathological and malignant status are very limited, and the zinc regulation of MT isoform expression in prostate cells remains elusive. The goals of this study were to define the expression of endogenous MTs, the isoforms of MT 1, 2, 3 at both messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels; and to investigate the zinc effect on MT expression in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and malignant PC-3 cells, and in relevant human tissues. Cellular MT proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the MT isoform-specific mRNAs.
Some observations on modular design technology and the use of microprogramming

As modules become more complex the advantages and disadvantages of modularity have become more pronounced. The cost of modularity is measured not only in added hardware but also in a loss of flexibility. Functions that are easy to implement at a submodule level may be very difficult, or even impossible, to duplicate at the modular level. We term this a loss of transparency.PMS (Processor-Memory-Switch) level modules could be available in the next four-six years. Their existence will open many significiant areas of research. It appears that the overhead for PMS modular systems will be on the order of 30%-50% but with decreasing hardware costs this will be tolerable. The expendable components will be processors and there will be no effort to obtain a high utilization factor for the individual processors in a system. An 80%-90% idle time may be acceptable. The high sales volume required by the semiconductor industry suggests that, in the foreseeable future, PMS level components will be oriented towards mass market applications like personal calculators and intelligent terminals. It is interesting to note that as the cost per digital function has decreased the design time and cost per system has remained relatively constant. So instead of obtaining a cheaper system with the same functions a user gets a more complex system at the same cost. This is best exemplified by observing the evolution of minicomputers and noting that the cost per system of a 1965 vintage minicomputer (e.g., PDP-8) is about as costly as a ]974 minicomputer (e.g., the PDP-]I)*. Finally, microprogrammed modules are an attractive control element for PMS level modules from both an economic and a transparency point of view.
Winter storms: Sequential sediment traps record Daphnia ephippial production, resuspension, and sediment interactions

For species that do not over-winter, an essential part of the life cycle is the production of diapausing eggs. We use sequential sediment traps in southern Lake Michigan (1997‐2000) to capture settling Daphnia ephippia and sediments, characterizing ephippial production and sediment interactions during hazardous conditions. Each year, there was an enormous pulse of D. mendotae ephippia (ca. 7.2 3 10 13 ephippia, 1.2 3 10 14 diapausing eggs) that coincided with autumn population decline. Most ephippia settled through the water column, although a few were captured at the water surface and blown shoreward. The duration and amplitude of the autumn ephippial fluxes were similar among years. Ephippial production was positively correlated with water column depth, a consequence of Daphnia spatial abundance. In contrast, resuspension of ephippia was inversely related to water column depth and spatially complex, influenced by waves, coastal currents, and offshore gyre circulation. Large winter storms created nearshore sediment plumes, could resuspend vast numbers of ephippia (e.g., 10 March 1998 storm; 1.9 3 10 12 ephippia and 3.1 3 10 12 diapausing eggs), and were important in the formation of ‘‘egg banks.’’ Almost all newly produced and resuspended diapausing eggs came from D. mendotae, with very few from two other species (D. retrocurva, D. dentifera) that dominated waters 12 yr ago. These observations suggest a relatively short relaxation time for species cycling out of egg banks in Lake Michigan (,10 yr), due in part to (1) differential resuspension of unconsolidated versus consolidated sediments and (2) the spatially restricted nature of ‘‘high-sedimentation’’ zones. Our study is the first use of sequential sediment traps to document diapause egg production.
Tinkering with the Survival Lottery during a Public Health Crisis

A well-known thought experiment has us ponder a lottery system that selects one person as the source of transplantable organs for two others. The organs are forcibly harvested and the "donor" dies, whereas the other two patients live. The Survival Lottery is supposed to get at the distinction between killing and letting die, but it is also a challenge to beliefs about moral duties: what are my obligations if my life could be used to save yours and another person's as well? A less extreme version of this thought experiment might have us imagining that officials of the public healthcare system would devise a similar lottery in the aftermath of a large-scale medical emergency. We could imagine that a natural disaster or an attack using biological weapons, for example, has so diminished the ability to provide public health care that in some communities, officials might consider implementing a lottery. To avoid the concerns about outright killing of selectees, officials might offer a wide range of participation in medical practice and research, not just organ allocation. Officials could ensure that no significant risks are involved, and selectees could in various ways be compensated. Would it be possible to ethically justify this "Healthcare Lottery" on the grounds that it was a temporary, yet necessary, infringement on autonomy?
Old Time Music--New World Business: Bristol 1927 and the Exploitation and Appropriation of Depression Era Southern Folk Music

This article discusses the origins of the commercialization of rural Southern music into the country music genre. It also discusses the way that the music was changed from an oral tradition to something to passively listen to. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol4/iss1/4 7 Brendan McCormick 6 Old Time Music-New World Business: Bristol 1927 and the Exploitation andAppropriation ofDepression Era Southern Folk Music
A scalable authorization approach for grid system environments

Grid computing has received widespread attention in recent years as a significant new research field. Yet to date, there has been only limited work on the problem of grid system authorization. In this paper, we address the authorization problem and propose a scalable solution for grid system environments. Our authorization approach is based on distributed authorization servers and extensions to the basic information service of a grid system. The goal is to provide a scalable authorization approach that is able to meet the requirements of a dynamic grid environment and overcomes the disadvantages found in existing authorization designs
Use of Clinical and Electrical Myotonia to Differentiate Childhood Myopathies.

We retrospectively reviewed 2030 childhood electromyograms performed over an 11-year period (2004-2014). Twenty children (1%) with myotonic discharges were identified and placed into 2 groups. Group A (electrical and clinical myotonia) comprised 9 children (8 with myotonia congenita and 1 with paramyotonia congenita); all of them had diffuse myotonic discharges without clinical weakness or elevated creatine kinase. Group B (electrical myotonia without clinical myotonia) comprised 11 children (4 with inflammatory myopathy; 3, congenital myopathy, 3, muscular dystrophy; and 1, congenital muscular dystrophy). Clinical weakness was demonstrated in all of them and elevated creatine kinase in 6; all had a myopathic electromyogram and scattered myotonic discharges. We conclude that myotonic discharges are a rare but characteristic spontaneous discharge identified during electrodiagnostic studies in children. The presence of electrical and clinical myotonia provides helpful clues to differentiate between various ...
A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Halobrecta Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with notes on some Palaearctic species of the genus

The marine littoral genus Halobrecta Thomson, 1858 is redescribed. Descriptions and a key to species known from the Nearctic Region (Ha. algophila (Fenyes, 1909) and Ha. flavipes Thomson, 1861) are provided. Atheta barbarae Casey, 1910 and At. importuna Casey, 1911 are placed in synonymy with Halobrecta algophila (Fenyes, 1909). Atheta pocahontas Casey, 1910, At. vaticina Casey, 1910 and Aloconota incertula Casey, 1910 are synonymized with Halobrecta flavipes Thomson, 1861. Lectotypes are designated for Homalota puncticeps Thomson, 1852, Halobrecta flavipes Thomson, 1861, Atheta algophila Fenyes, 1909, At. pocahontas Casey, 1910, At. vaticina Casey, 1910, Aloconota incertula Casey, 1910 and At. importuna Casey, 1911.
Verification and validation of physiology simulators

In this paper we describe a general method to provide verification and validation of physiological simulators. We also present an application of this method and key results.
Inhibition of programmed cell death in mouse embryonic palate in vitro by cortisol and phenytoin: receptor involvement and requirement of protein synthesis.

AbstractIn an in vitro model Cortisol and phenytoin inhibit the precisely timed process of palatal development, the lysosomally mediated cell death of the medial edge palatal epithelium. This inhibition of programmed cell death of the palatal midline epithelium by each drug is virtually completely blocked by the antiglucocorticoid, cortexolone, whose blocking action results from competitive binding of the glucocorticoid receptor site. The inhibition produced by each of these drugs is prevented by the protein synthesis blocker, cycloheximide. Thus, blockade of programmed cell death by each of these drugs involves the glucocorticoid receptor site and requires protein synthesis.