cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolving Editorial Processes at the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation

Recent years have seen a rapid growth in the number and variety, of manuscript submissions to the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. The submissions received and processed by the Journal’s editorial team and evaluated by its peer reviewers have nearly doubled in just the past 7 years, and the article submissions reflect a growing international perspective and diversity in disciplines, topics, and regional clinical and policy issues [1]. One consequence of this success is the increasing time and resources needed to manage the journal’s peer review process and to carefully prioritize manuscripts for publication within a broadening range of expert areas. Another issue is the growing number of accumulated manuscripts awaiting print publication. These are good problems to have, as they reflect a maturing field of science [2], a growing number of trained practitioners and researchers [3], and an increasing number of publishable reports. Nevertheless, the higher volume of incoming manuscript submissions require changes to the current editorial process, and this was discussed at a gathering of certain Journal Editorial Board members at the Work Disability Prevention and Integration (WDPI) Conference, held in Toronto in October 2014. After this meeting and after consultation with a number of authors, reviewers, and Editorial Board members, I have identified several changes in the editorial review process that will be instituted over the next year: • Drs. Patricia A. Findley and William S. Shaw, who have been managing many aspects of the ‘‘Editorial Manager’’ (i.e. electronic submission system) website electronic communication and peer review process, will be promoted to Senior Associate Editors, and their decision-making role will continue to expand in consultation with me as Editor-in-Chief. • Some of the current Associate Editors will end their tenure in that position, and a group of new Associate Editors will be designated to serve as action editors, overseeing and managing the editorial review process within specific methodological and/or content area domains and making final recommendations for manuscript revisions and acceptance. Their recommendations will be forwarded to the Senior Associate Editors, who will be responsible for final decisions. I will continue to be responsible for the overall quality and direction of the manuscript review and publication process. • For those manuscripts that are advanced to peer review, the Editorial team will strive to obtain at least two independent reviews for each manuscript before an editor decision is reached. • In addition to writing specific critiques and comments, peer reviewers will be asked to complete four formal ratings of overall manuscript impact, as shown below.
Adolescents’ time use: Effects on substance use, delinquency and sexual activity

Using an integration of social control theory and the routine activity perspective, adolescent time use was examined for effects on problem behaviors. We examined a wide variety of time use categories, including homework, extracurricular activities, sports time, alone time, paid work, housework, television watching, as well as indices of family time and peer time, for their effects on heavy alcohol use, cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, delinquency and sexual activity. The study employed a representative household sample of adolescents (n=606) and took into account important sociodemographic factors – gender, age, race (Black and White), and socioeconomic status. The most important predictors of adolescent problem behaviors were family time and peer time. Family time serves as a protective factor against all five problem behaviors while peer time is a highly significant risk factor for all five problem behaviors.
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mixed mode stationary phases

Mixed mode stationary phases with ion-pairing reagent (acidic or basic) as integral part of hydrophobic chain offers unique selectivity, and hence, are ideal for multidimensional separations. The retention of hydrophobic components is a function of organic content, whereas that of charged species is a function of organic content, ionogenic modifier and its level in the mobile phase. Hence, by controlling the parameters influencing component retention (stationary phase and mobile phase), the selectivity of chemical components in the two-dimensional plane can be manipulated to improve the separation. A two-dimensional liquid chromatograph has been developed by coupling similar and dissimilar mixed mode stationary phases in the two dimensions. This technique has immense potential in resolving co-eluting components as the retention mechanism in the two-dimensions are complementary. However, with only part of the primary column eluent sampled into the secondary column, the technique is limited to qualitative analysis.
On estimating sparse and frequency modulated channels for MIMO underwater acoustic communications

Effective channel estimation plays a critical role in the overall performance of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic communications (UAC). This paper compares two closely related channel estimation algorithms developed under different models for sparse and frequency modulated acoustic channels. More specifically, the recently proposed channel estimation algorithm, referred to as the generalization of the sparse learning via iterative minimization (GoSLIM), assumes that each receiver has its own Doppler frequency. This channel model is further simplified in the present paper by assuming that all the receivers experience the same Doppler frequency, and the corresponding channel estimation algorithm is modified accordingly. Both channel estimation algorithms considered address sparsity through a hierarchical Bayesian model. They are user parameter free algorithms and are easy to use in practical applications. By analyzing the in-water experimental measurements recently acquired during the MACE10 experiment, we demonstrate that the employment of the GoSLIM variation not only reduces the overall complexity involved in the channel estimation stage, but also slightly improves the detection performance, as compared with its original GoSLIM counterpart. This paper signifies the importance of establishing proper channel models for enhanced UAC performance.
Effects of photoperiod, light intensity, and stage of development on flower initiation in Sagittaria graminea Michx. (Alismataceae)

Heterophyllous plants of Sagittaria graminea Michx. do not normally flower until non-phyllodial leaves have emerged from the water. Effects of photoperiod, light intensity, and excision of non-phyllodial leaves on growth and flower initiation by plants developing from submerged seedlings were tested in controlled environments. Light quality and irradiance were measured as function of water depth. Plants flowered at all tested daylengths (7–15 hours per day). In light of high irradiance (ca. 3000 μW cm−2 at soil surface) plants without emergent leaves (i.e. bearing only phyllodia) flowered when grown in shallow water (5 cm). When grown in deeper water (17.5 cm), they flowered only after leaves had emerged. A low irradiance (ca. 600 μW cm−2) sufficed for leaf emergence and flower formation at this depth; higher irradiances resulted in faster growth and earlier flowering. An hypothesis involving phytochrome is presented to explain the depth-dependence of the morphogenetic sequence.
The influence of antipredatory morphology on survivorship of the Owl Creek Formation molluscan fauna through the end-Cretaceous extinction

Abstract The Hypothesis of Escalation states that organisms have changed throughout the Phanerozoic Eon by adapting to increased biotic hazards, such as predation or competition, by developing either physical or behavioral adaptations. One type of physical antipredatory adaptation among molluscs is the development of a thicker, more ornamented (escalated) shell. Although well-escalated organisms may have an advantage during intervals between mass extinctions, their thicker and/or more ornamented shells may provide a problem during extinction intervals when nutrients become scarce. Therefore, we propose that taxa with antipredatory adaptations are more prone to extinction during times of reduced productivity or nutrient availability. To test this hypothesis, upper Cretaceous bivalves and gastropods were collected from the Owl Creek Formation of Mississippi. Taxa were coded for the presence or absence of antipredatory characteristics, such as an overlapping margin and crenulated margin, among bivalve taxa, and apertural teeth, thickened lip and a narrow aperture, among gastropod taxa. The presence or absence of an umbilicus within gastropod taxa was also coded because it may increase a taxon's vulnerability to predation. A value between one and four was assigned to each taxon based on the degree of surface ornamentation and the thickness to height ratio was determined. The measured characteristics were analyzed statistically using the Fisher exact test, χ 2 test and Mann–Whitney U -test to determine whether their presence affected survivorship during the end-Cretaceous extinction. Survivorship was examined at the generic, subgeneric and specific levels. Two of the 36 tests revealed statistically significant results at the 0.05 level: the presence of a crenulated margin among bivalve genera ( p -value=0.031) and ornamentation among bivalve subgenera ( p -value=0.026). The statistical test for a crenulated margin suggests that bivalve genera with this adaptation were more likely to survive, contrary to our hypothesis, and the test for survivorship among bivalve subgenera with respect to ornamentation was significant in favor of our hypothesis. However, most of the statistical tests do not support the prediction that escalated molluscan taxa were more prone to extinction when compared to non-escalated taxa. Survivorship may not be predictable by analyzing only one aspect of an organism. Instead, it may be necessary to analyze statistically a combination of potential survivor strategies, such as morphology and trophic level or habitat.
Vortex velocity pair correlations

The vortex velocity probability distribution for two distinct vortices is determined for the case of phase-ordering kinetics in systems with point defects. The n-vector model driven by time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau dynamics for a nonconserved order parameter is considered. The description includes the effects of other vortices and order parameter fluctuations. At short distances the most probable configuration is that a vortex-antivortex pair have only a nonzero relative velocity which is inversely proportional to the distance between them. The coefficient of proportionality is determined explicitly.
Observation of transport to thermal equilibrium in pure electron plasmas

Transport of magnetically confined pure electron plasmas to global thermal equilibrium has recently been observed. In equilibrium, the E\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}B and diamagnetic drifts calculated from the measured temperature and density profiles combine to give rigid rotation (i.e., 〈${v}_{\ensuremath{\theta}}$〉=\ensuremath{\omega}r), as expected. However, the density profile relaxes towards equilibrium up to 5000 times faster than predicted by Boltzmann transport theory: Over a decade range of magnetic field, the density equilibration time is always less than predicted, and scales as ${B}^{1}$ rather than as ${B}^{4}$.
Reliable face recognition using adaptive and robust correlation filters

This paper expands on the scope of correlation filters to show their usefulness for reliable face recognition. Towards that end we propose adaptive and robust correlation filters (ARCF) and describe their usefulness for reliable face authentication using recognition-by-parts strategies. ARCF provide information that involves both appearance and location. The cluster and strength of the ARCF correlation peaks indicate the confidence of the face authentication made, if any. The development of ARCF, motivated by MACE filters and adaptive beam-forming from radar/sonar, is driven by Tikhonov regularization. The adaptive aspect of ARCF comes from their derivation using both training and test data, similar to transduction, while the robust aspect benefits from the correlation peak optimization to decrease their sensitivity to noise and distortions. The comparative advantages of ARCF are motivated, explained, and illustrated vis-a-vis competing correlation filters. Experimental evidence shows the feasibility and reliability of ARCF vis-a-vis occlusion, disguise, and illumination, expression, and temporal variability. The generalization ability of ARCF is further illustrated when decision-making thresholds learned a priori from one data base, e.g., FERET, carry over to face images from another data base, e.g., AR.
Self-Reported Communication Variables and Dating Violence: Using Gottman’s Marital Communication Conceptualization

Communication behaviors, while extensively studied within the marital field, have received only peripheral attention in violent dating relationships. The purpose of this research was to better establish empirical continuity between the marital and dating literatures by exploring communication variables that have been identified in marital relationships broadly and their self-reported manifestation in violent dating relationships. Using Gottman’s (1999) marital communication conceptualization, individuals were assessed on adaptive and maladaptive communication variables and relationship aggression. Results suggested that negative communication behaviors were associated with, and predicted, aggression in participants’ dating relationships, consistent with findings from the marital literature. However, repair attempts, generally considered an adaptive communication behavior, predicted aggression victimization. Implications and how these data fit within the context of recent research on positive marital communication behaviors are explored.
Performance evaluation of elastic optical networks with multi-flow optical transponders

We compare elastic optical networks with multi-flow optical transponders (MF-OTPs) to networks with fixed-rate and adaptive-rate transponders in terms of spectrum efficiency (SE) and necessary number of transponders. Our evaluation shows that the elastic optical network with MF-OTPs achieves high SE and low transponder numbers.
Double-probe potential measurements near the Spacelab 2 electron beam

As part of the Spacelab 2 mission the plasma diagnostics package (PDP) was released from the shuttle as a free-flying satellite. The PDP carried a quasi-static electric field instrument which made differential voltage measurements between two floating probes. At various times during the free flight, an electron beam was ejected from the shuttle. Large differential voltages between the double probes were recorded in association with the electron beam. However, analysis indicates that these large signals are probably not caused by ambient electric fields. Instead, they can be explained by considering three effects: shadowing of the probes from streaming electrons by the PDP chassis, crossing of the PDP wake by the probes, and spatial gradients in the fluxes of energetic electrons reaching the probes. Plasma measurements on the PDP show that energetic electrons exist in a region 20 m wide and up to at least 170 m downstream from the electron beam. At 80 or more meters downstream from the beam, the double probe measurements show that the energetic electron flux is opposite to the injection direction, as would be expected for a secondary returning electron beam produced by scattering of the primary electron beam.
Differential oncogenic potential of activated RAS isoforms in melanocytes

RAS genes are mutated in approximately 30% of all human cancers. Interestingly, there exists a strong bias in favor of mutation of only one of the three major RAS genes in tumors of different cellular origins. NRAS mutations occur in approximately 20% of human melanomas, whereas HRAS and KRAS mutations are rare in this disease. To define the mechanism(s) responsible for this preference in melanocytes, we compared the transformation efficiencies of mutant NRAS and KRAS in immortal, non-transformed Ink4a/Arf-deficient melanocytes. NRAS mutation leads to increased cellular proliferation and is potently tumorigenic. In contrast, KRAS mutation does not enhance melanocyte proliferation and is only weakly tumorigenic on its own. Although both NRAS and KRAS activate mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, only NRAS enhances MYC activity in these cells. Our data suggest that the activity of specific RAS isoforms is context-dependent and provide a possible explanation for the prevalence of NRAS mutations in melanoma. In addition, understanding this mechanism will have important implications for cancer therapies targeting RAS pathways.
The Cognitive Psychodynamics of Acting: Character Invasion and Director Influence:

In order to evaluate the presence and extent of 1) Character Invasion (the effect of the character on the actor) and 2) Director Influence (the effect of the director on actors' conceptualizations of their characters), measures of semantic meaning were administered to the actors participating in a production of Macbeth. The actors were asked to assess 1) how they perceived their characters and 2) how they perceived themselves at four crucial times during the rehearsal to performance process (first read-through, first run-through, first dress rehearsal, and fourth performance). The director was also asked to assess his conceptualizations of the play's characters at each of the aforementioned four occasions using the same semantic meaning measurement device. An analysis of the ratings casts doubt on both the character invasion and director influence hypotheses. However, there does seem to be an indirect director effect on the actors' stage behaviors.
Adolescents' hero identification and self-perception

This study explored associations for having a hero with aspects of adolescents' self-concept for 168 high school students who completed Harter's Self-per ception Profile and questions about their heroes. Having a hero was related to having a stronger sense of social acceptance, romantic appeal, and athletic competence and a weaker sense of scholastic competence.
Reticle Sizing For Optimized CD Control

The effect of reticle sizing has been characterized for a single layer resist process employing a hotplate postexposure bake. Results are presented which show optimum CD control is obtained for feature sizing .25 to .3 microns less than the reticle size for clear field reticles. Process margins relative to exposure dose, topography and focus are presented.
The reproductive effects of dietary heptachlor in mink (Mustela vison).

Adult female mink were fed diets containing 0 (control), 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm (μg/g) technical grade heptachlor prior to and throughout the reproductive period (181 days) to evaluate the effects of heptachlor consumption on reproduction and offspring viability and to assess the extent of placental and mammary transfer of heptachlor epoxide to mink offspring. Feeding 12.5 and 25 ppm resulted in significant reductions in feed consumption and body weights of female mink. Mortality was 0, 8, 67, and 100% for the control, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm groups, respectively. All females in the 25 ppm group died within 88 days. Mink fed the two higher heptachlor diets displayed clinical signs indicative of central nervous system involvement just prior to death. Females were mated with males on the same dietary treatments. Whelping success rates were 67, 83, 27, and 0% for the control, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ppm groups, respectively. High mortality in the 12.5 and 25 ppm groups accounted for the lack of reproductive success. Gestation length, litter size and birth weight of kits were not significantly affected by adult female consumption of 6.25 ppm heptachlor while kits whelped by females on the 12.5 ppm diet weighed significantly less than control kits at birth. Survival of kits in the 12.5 ppm group from birth to three weeks of age was also adversely affected. At three and six weeks of age, kit body weights in both the 6.25 and 12.5 ppm groups were significantly less than body weights in control kits. Examination of heptachlor epoxide concentrations in newborn and developing kits indicated both placental and mammary transfer of the chemical from the dams to the kits. The LC50 for the 181-day exposure period for female mink was 10.5 ppm heptachlor and the LOAEL, based on reduced kit growth, was 6.25 ppm.
The effect of oxide structure and cation reduction potential of vanadates on the selective oxidative dehydrogenation of butane and propane

The oxidative dehydrogenation of butane over a series of orthovanadates of cations of different reduction potentials showed a correlation that the selectivity for dehydrogenation decreased with increasing ease of reduction of the cation. The highest selectivity was observed on Mg orthovanadate. Mg pyrovanadate was nonselective for butane oxidation, but was as selective as Mg orthovanadate in propane oxidation. These results were interpreted by the different structures of the two Mg vanadates.
A search for hydroacoustic signals associated with the 2 June 1988 temperature anomaly at axial seamount

Data from the Wake Island hydrophone array is examined for signals possibly associated with sudden decreases in bottom temperature at Axial Seamount which is located on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In spite of the extreme sensitivity of the Wake hydrophones to small explosive charges and unreported shallow focus earthquakes along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and to unreported episodes of submarine volcanism, no sustained signals were found which appear to be related to the observed temperature anomalies. Because of intermittent recording problems, some hydroacoustic signals of extremely short duration, possibly associated with the temperature anomalies, could have escaped detection in the eight hours subsequent to the occurrence of these anomalies. However, no such signals could have escaped detection during an eight hour period prior to the onset of the observed anomalies since the recording system was working properly. The absence of signals indicates that sustained teleacoustically detectable submarine volcanism was not associated with the 2 June 1988 temperature anomaly.
Tissue glycogen storage as affected by acetoacetate.

Summary1. Glycogen contents of rat liver and leg muscle were unchanged after daily injection of acetoacetate and propionate in increasing amounts for 21 weeks. 2. Ability of very small amounts of insulin to promote glycogenesis in surviving hemidiaphragms was not inhibited by 50 mg % of acetoacetate. 3. A rapid hydrolysis of the glycogen of liver slices was unaffected by 125 mg % of acetoacetate in the buffer in the absence of glucose, but glycogenolysis was markedly decreased if both were present. 4. Acetoacetate in these concentrations does not appear to inactivate insulin, to inhibit glycogen storage in the muscle or liver tissue, or to affect appreciably the utilization of carbohydrate as measured by the glucose tolerance.
Impact of cation type and concentration in injected brine on oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs

Abstract Low salinity waterflood has a high potential to improve oil recovery. However, the optimum water chemistry for waterflooding is still not well known, and the dominant mechanisms are debated. In the present work, the effect of cation type and concentration in the injected water on the oil recovery to identify the optimum water salinity and composition was studied by performing coreflood experiments. In addition, zeta potentials at oil/brine and rock/brine interfaces were measured to examine the impact of brine composition on electrical double layer expansion and investigate if it is one of the dominate mechanisms. Furthermore, ionic exchange tests were conducted to improve the understanding of the rock/brines interactions. Berea sandstone cores were used for waterflooding and ion exchange experiments; all coreflood experiments were performed at high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions. Different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 solutions were tested with two crude oils of different compositions and properties. Ion concentrations in the core effluent fluids were analyzed for both waterflooding and ionic exchange tests. The zeta potential was measured for solutions of oil/brine, and solid/brine; the solids were Berea sandstone, quartz, feldspar, and four types of clays. This work contributes to the understandings of the impacts of double layer expansion on oil recovery during waterflooding. Zeta potential results showed that Na+ changes the electrical charge at both oil/brine and rock/brine interfaces to highly negative, which results in higher repulsive forces between the two interfaces, and hence wettability alteration. Moreover, waterflood experiments with NaCl solutions improved oil recovery significantly compared to CaCl2 and MgCl2. These results showed that there seems to be a correlation between zeta-potential and oil recovery which implies that double-layer expansion could be a primary mechanism of oil recovery by low salinity waterflood. This study demonstrates that cation type has a significant impact on oil recovery, and it could be more dominant than the effect of total salinity of the injected brines. These findings can help in screening the brines that have higher potentials for oil recovery improvement.
Vibration based non-destructive evaluation of polymer composites

A feasibility study on the use of vibration spectrum analysis as a tool for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer composites was conducted. Material integrity of polymer composite samples was determined from the vibrational measurements by analyzing the resonant frequency and damping information. A number of important “states” in the composites tested could be characterized by this analysis. The vibration tehnique was found to be sensitive to physical flawing (fiber breakage, delamination, and matrix cracking). Vibrational NDE has many potential advantages that make it very attractive for composite applications. These include the ability to make global measurements of large structures in real-time, no geometry restrictions, and high sensitivity to a wide variety of damage states.
Inferences on mid-ocean ridge thermal and magmatic structure from MORB compositions

Abstract Systematic compositional variations among > 11,000 mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from the global mid-ocean ridge spreading system demonstrate how the ocean crust regulates erupted lava compositions. MORB chemical differences reflect complex relationships among crustal thermal structure, magma temperatures, degree of magma differentiation, degree of magma homogenization, depth of seismically imaged crustal magma bodies and the ability of MOR volcanism to accurately map parent melt variations as functions of spreading rate and magma supply. High melt supply at the fastest spreading ridges produces relatively more differentiated magmas from shallow magma chambers and with a much greater variation in chemical signatures imparted by differentiation in the crust; however, such magmas also display narrow ranges in chemical attributes related to mantle source and melting style. In contrast, low melt supply promotes the eruption of less differentiated magma from deeper magma chambers of more uniform differentiation degree but more variable mantle parentage. Collectively, these observations indicate that in the oceanic crust the depth, style and rate of magma accumulation and the minimum pressure of differentiation reflect the thermal state of the upper crust, which is largely governed by the magnitude and continuity of regional melt supply. We propose a composite MOR magma chamber in which the number and size of melt segregations scale with spreading rate and magma supply, resulting in greater steady-state proportions of melt in the crust as supply increases. At high melt supply, shallow, large reservoirs are highly sensitive to temporal variations in cooling rate and produce magmas of greater and more variable degrees of fractionation. High melt supply promotes homogenization of parental magma compositions with increased degree of differentiation. At lower melt supplies, magma accumulates more episodically and resides in poorly connected, hotter, and more thermally insulated reservoirs deeper in the crust; eruptions at such settings produce lavas that are uniformly less differentiated but more likely to retain variations inherited from the underlying mantle.
A note on finite securities market models

Using results from algebra, we characterize the space of contingent claims in finite martingale securities market models.In addition, we show that the notion of martingale multiplicity in this context is the simple consequence of a basic algebraic theorem and demonstrate how processes yielding a complete market may be derived
Electoral avoidance in the Soviet Union

(1989). Electoral avoidance in the Soviet Union. Soviet Studies: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 462-483.
Design considerations for a radiation hardened nonvolatile memory

The authors discuss the design techniques used in the development of a 64 K EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) to maximize radiation hardness. Radiation testing has been performed on the 64 K EEPROM, demonstrating total dose hardness of greater than 1 Mrad (Si), immunity to data loss in a transient environment of greater than 1.4*10/sup 11/ rad(Si)/s, a write upset level of greater than 3*10/sup 9/ rad(Si)/s, and a read upset level of greater than 1*10/sup 8/ rad(Si)/s. The SEU (single event upset) soft error level ranged from an LET (linear energy transfer) of 35 to 50 MeV-cm/sup 2//mg for the various latches. Design modifications for reducing the standby current in a weapon environment and for increasing the transient upset level in the read mode are presented. The value of circuit simulations for predicting the radiation response of a nonvolatile memory and as well as for diagnosing radiation failures has been demonstrated. >
On the pressure limits of diamond chemical vapor deposition

Abstract A detailed examination of proposed diamond growth mechanisms was performed. Within the framework of existing models, a simple argument is presented to explain the experimentally observed limits to diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at pressures below 1 Torr. Based on data from a variety of conventional CVD reactors it is suggested that the CVD of diamond is not possible in systems where the partial pressure of atomic hydrogen is less than 20 mTorr. The addition of oxygen appears to depress the pressure limit by a factor of 10, which is attributed to the presence of hydroxyl radicals that remain active at lower growth temperatures.
SUMMER DIET OF THE MEXICAN GRAY WOLF (CANIS LUPUS BAILEYI)

The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was extirpated from Arizona and New Mexico in the 1970s. In 1998, Mexican gray wolves were translocated into the east-central Arizona portion of the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area. One measure of success of the translocation is the ability of the Mexican gray wolf to capture native prey. Our objectives were to determine diet of wolves during summers 2005 and 2006, and contrast diet in areas that were grazed by livestock seasonally to areas grazed annually. We collected scats, identified contents from hair and bone fragments, and estimated diet by calculating percentage biomass of prey consumed. Elk (Cervus elaphus) comprised 80.3% of diet of the Mexican gray wolf. Other prey included domestic cattle (16.8%), dee r( Odocoileus; ,1%), squirrels (,1%), other rodents (2%), and lagomorphs (,1%). In areas of year-around grazing, 21% more livestock were consumed, compared to areas grazed seasonally. RESUMEN—El lobo gris mexicano (Canis lupus baileyi) fue extirpado de Arizona y de Nuevo Mexico en la decada de 1970. En 1998, los lobos mexicanos fueron trasladados a la porcion este-central de Arizona del a de recuperacion del lobo ''Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area.'' Una medida del e del traslado es la capacidad del lobo gris mexicano de capturar las presas nativas. Nuestros objetivos fueron determinar la dieta de los lobos durante los veranos del 2005 y 2006, y compararla en a que fueron pastadas estacionalmente por ganado con a pastadas durante todo el ano. Recogimos excretas, identificamos el contenido por medio de fragmentos del pelo y hueso, y estimamos la dieta calculando el porcentaje de biomasa de presa consumida. Los alces (Cervus elaphus) abarcaron el 80.3% de la dieta del lobo gris mexicano. Otras presas incluyeron ganado (16.8%), venados (Odocoileus; ,1%), ardillas (,1%), otros roedores (2%), y lagomorfos (,1%). Veintiun por ciento mas ganado fue consumido en a de pastoreo constante comparado a las areas de pastoreo estacional.
SINGULAR p-VERSION FINITE ELEMENTS FOR STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR COMPUTATIONS

The finite element analysis of linear elastic fracture mechanics problems is complicated by the presence of the singular and finite non-singular stress distributions in the crack tip region. The availability of a constant stress term in addition to the singular term in the standard h-version singular finite elements is insufficient to model the finite nonsingular stress zone. A p-version singular finite element capable of modelling the higher-order non-singular stress terms in addition to the singular term and the constant term is presented. The formulation for the displacement substitution technique for computing the stress intensity factors using singular p-version triangular finite elements is developed. Unlike the standard h-version formulation, the stress intensity factors computed using the p-version displacement substitution technique do not depend on the specific arrangement and length of the quarter point elements, and require simple mesh designs as well as fewer number of degrees of freedom. Numerical studies comparing the convergence of the stress intensity factors computed by the p-version method against other available alternatives such as the h-version method and the contour integral method are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present developments. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of infection of laboratory animals with Blastomyces dermatitidis using different routes of inoculation.

Groups of guinea pigs, hamsters and mice of 10 animals each, were injected with 9400, 940 and 94 viable particles of the mycelial phase of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Guinea pigs and hamsters were inoculated intratesticularly, and mice intravenously. It was possible to isolate the pathogen from the 3 species of animals with all the above mentioned doses.Hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with the same inocula were considerably less susceptible than hamsters and guinea pigs injected intratesticularly. The mice injected intravenously also appeared more susceptible than hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally but due to small numbers of animals used, the assumption is not statistically significant. It appears that the intratesticular route in hamsters or guinea pigs may be a useful tool in the search of B. dermatitidis in its natural environment.
Electromagnetic Interference and Ionizing Radiation Effects on CMOS Devices

Integrated circuits are inherently complicated and made more by increasing transistor quantity and density. This trend potentially enhances concomitant effects of high-energy ionizing radiation and local or impressed electromagnetic interference (EMI). The reduced margin for signal error may counter any gain in radiation hardness from smaller device dimensions. Isolated EMI and ionizing radiation studies on circuits have been extensively conducted over the past 30 years. However, little focus has been placed on the combined effects. To investigate the effect of combined EMI and ionizing radiation, two complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverter technologies (CD4069 and SN74AUC1G04) were analyzed for their static performance in response to both EMI and gamma radiation up to 132 krd(Si). The combined EMI and gamma radiation environment, compared to the isolated effects of each, produced the most severe degradation in inverter performance for both device technologies.
Practical considerations in using calculated healthy-tissue complication probabilities for treatment-plan optimization.

Abstract Purpose: Healthy and neoplastic tissues are generally exposed nonuniformly to ionizing radiation. It is thus useful to develop algorithms that predict the probability of tumor control or normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for any given spatial pattern of dose delivery. The questions addressed here concern: (a) the sensitivity of the NTCP predictions to the actual model used for extrapolation from uniform irradiation (where some clinical data exist) to nonuniform exposures, (b) its dependence on tissue type, and (c) consequences for treatment-plan optimization. Methods and Materials: Two (of several possible) NTCP formulations are used here: the Lyman model and a binomial equation. The effective volume-reduction scheme of Kutcher and Burman is used to obtain the NTCP for an arbitrary distribution of dose. NTCP was calculated for seven organs by postulating a dose distribution of maximum nonuniformity. Results: Both models fit available NTCP data well, but have very different extrapolations for exposures of small tissue volumes and very low values of NTCP (e.g., Conclusions: NTCP calculations based on extrapolations to volume fractions and/or NTCP levels for which reliable data do not exist depend on the model used to fit the data and the degree of dose nonuniformity. If NTCP is to be used in treatment-plan optimization, the prudent approach is to design plans that reproduce the conditions under which available dose-volume data were taken (e.g., uniform dose distributions).
Capacities underlying word learning

Children are strikingly good at learning the meanings of words. Current controversy focuses on the relative importance of different capacities in this learning process including principles of association, low-level attentional mechanisms, special word learning constraints, syntactic cues and theory of mind. We argue that children succeed at word learning because they possess certain conceptual biases about the external world, the ability to infer the referential intentions of others and an appreciation of syntactic cues to word meaning. Support for this view comes from studies exploring the phenomena of fast mapping, the whole object bias, the acquisition of names for entities belonging to different ontological kinds and the effect of lexical contrast. Word learning is not the result of a general associative learning process, nor does it involve specialized constraints. The ability to learn the meanings of words depends on a number of capacities, some of which are specific to language and unique to humans, others of which are potentially shared with other species.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of cells and tissues from the upper and lower human female reproductive tract.

Viable tissue sections and isolated cell cultures from the human fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and vaginal mucosa were examined for susceptibility to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We examined infectivity by using the monocytotropic strain HIV-1JR-FL and several primary isolates of HIV-1 obtained from infected neonates. HIV-1 infection was measured by p24 production in short-term culture and by immunofluorescence detection of HIV-1 Nef and p24 proteins by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Three-color immunofluorescence was used to phenotype HIV-infected cells within tissue sections from each site. Our findings indicate that epithelial, stromal, and dendritic cells and cells with CD14 1 CD4 1 , CD14 2 CD4 2 , and CD4 1 CD14 2 phenotypes from the female reproductive tract are infectable with HIV-1. Of importanceisthefindingthattissuesfromtheupperreproductivetractaresusceptibletoinfectionwithHIV-1. Moreover, tissue samples from women in all stages of the menstrual cycle, including postmenopausal women (inactive), could be infected with HIV-1. Female reproductive tract cells required a minimum of 60 min of exposure to HIV-1 in order for infection to occur, in contrast to peripheral blood lymphocytes, which became infected after being exposed to HIV-1 for only 1 min. Thesefindings demonstrate that HIV-1 can infect cells and tissues from different sites within the female reproductive tract and suggest that multiple cell types, including epithelial cells, may be targets for the initial infection by HIV-1. The rate of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to increase worldwide. In the United States, 40,000 to 80,000 new cases of HIV infection occur each year (22), and it is estimated that 70% of these occur via heterosexual transmission. Although femaleto-male transmission of HIV can occur, the vast majority of cases involve transmission of virus or virus-infected cells from maletofemale.HIV-1canbetransmittedeitherasfreevirions
The Appropriation of Wittgenstein's Work By Philosophers of Religion: Towards A Re–Evaluation and an End

There is no more light in a genius than in any other honest man – but he has a particular kind of lens to concentrate this light into a burning point (Ludwig Wittgenstein, Vermischte Bemerkungen).The hell–fire of life consumes only the select among men. The rest stand in front of it, warming their hands (Erich Heller, ‘Ludwig Wittgenstein: Unphilosophical Notes’).
Cognitive categories of raters and rating accuracy

This research investigated cognitive processes affecting the accuracy of performance evaluation. One hundred and twenty-five nurses from three hospitals completed questionnaires measuring their cognitive categorization processes and then rated a videotaped nurse's performance. Results focusing on the match between raters' cognitive categories and rating scales indicated that: a) rating accuracy was related to the match between raters' cognitive category dimensions and rating scale dimensions, but b) not related to the match between rating scales and raters' general tendency to describe ratees in terms of behavioral or trait characteristics. Raters' ability to differentiate clearly between rating dimensions was related to accuracy and to halo in ratings. Finally, work experience was related to raters' cognitive systems while prior rating experience was important for accuracy. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.
Assessing Outcomes Using Program Assessment Portfolio Approach

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology has developed and implemented new criteria for accrediting engineering technology programs in the United States. The new criteria, Technology Criteria 2000 (TC2K), have changed the way that engineering technology programs conduct their business. In order to survive in the future, each program has to develop a strategy to meet the new requirements specified in the TC2K. The Department of Engineering Technology at Texas Tech University has developed a program assessment portfolio (PAP) to assess the department performance toward the attainment of TC2K Criterion 1. This paper presents 12 assessment methods within the PAP. Particularly, it demonstrates how to develop and implement one of the assessment methods, pre- and postcourse assessment, to a senior-level course. Data collected from the implementation has been analyzed and results indicate that pre- and postcourse assessment provide valuable information regarding student learning. Furthermore, the information can be used to continue improving effectiveness of teaching.
A hybrid approach to projects in gaming courses

We describe an approach to projects used in game development courses that supports learning individual skills while also developing team skills. Early assignments focus on developing individual skills in coding and content creation, and when those skills are honed, students form teams to work on a larger and more complex game. Classes that use a hybrid approach, that is individual projects that build toward a large group project, allow students to solidly learn game development skills required of gaming graduates and yet stimulate creativity and challenge students to move beyond their comfort zone.
Epidemiology and control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on wheat

Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. This review presents basic and recent information on the epidemiology of stripe rust, changes in pathogen virulence and population structure, and movement of the pathogen in the United States and around the world. The impact and causes of recent epidemics in the United States and other countries are discussed. Research on plant resistance to disease, including types of resistance, genes, and molecular markers, and on the use of fungicides are summarized, and strategies for more effective control of the disease are discussed.
Drama in the computer science classroom

This paper discusses the benefits of using participatory teaching methods in the computer science classroom. Specifically, the author describes the experience of using student led theatrical productions to teach the concepts of reliable data transfer in a computer networks course. This paper also provides computer science educators with information on how to use student led drama in their own classroom.
Automotive signal diagnostics using wavelets and machine learning

In this paper, we describe an intelligent signal analysis system employing the wavelet transformation in the solution of vehicle engine diagnosis problems. Vehicle engine diagnosis often involves multiple signal analysis. The developed system first partitions a leading signal into small segments representing physical events or states based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis. Second, by applying the segmentation result of the leading signal to the other signals, the detailed properties of each segment, including inter-signal relationships, are extracted to form a feature vector. Finally, a fuzzy intelligent system is used to learn diagnostic features from a training set containing feature vectors extracted from signal segments at various vehicle states. The fuzzy system applies its diagnostic knowledge to classify signals as abnormal or normal. The implementation of the system is described and experiment results are presented.
Preoperative medical consultation

Preoperative medical consultation plays an important role in the practices of both primary care physicians and subspecialists. Despite this fact, many physicians feel inadequately trained to function as consultants in the perioperative period. Prior to 1980, there were essentially no textbooks on the subject, and there were only a few ‘‘landmark’’ papers. The November 1979 issue of the Medical Clinics of North America on ‘‘Medical Evaluation of the Preoperative Patient’’ was essentially the first ‘‘book’’ on the subject. Subsequently, numerous articles and textbooks on various aspects of preoperative medical consultation were published. Preoperative medical consultation was covered in the May 1987 issue, select topics in medical consultation in the March 1993 issue, and postoperative medical complications was the topic of the September 2001 issue of the Medical Clinics of North America. The goal of this current issue is to review and update the major topics in preoperative medical consultation. This publication is not intended to be an all-inclusive reference book. It was written by practicing internists with extensive experience in perioperative medicine and expertise in their selected areas. The vast majority of our authors are general internists and members of the Medical Consultation Interest Group of the Society for General Internal Medicine (www.sgim.org). Based on our experience, we have chosen topics we think are the most important or those most commonly encountered in clinical practice. The 15 articles in this issue range from the role of the consultant, preoperative laboratory testing, and perioperative medication management to preoperative risk assessment of patients with diseases Med Clin N Am 87 (2003) xv–xvi