cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New role for nuclear hormone receptors and coactivators in regulation of BRCA1-mediated DNA repair in breast cancer cell lines

Introduction The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation and chemotherapy drugs. BRCA1 interacts with coactivators such as p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) to activate target gene transcription. Estrogen and retinoic acid receptors (ER and RAR) also require coactivator proteins for their ligand-dependent functions. Few studies have suggested a role for nuclear hormone receptors in DNA repair.
On the theory of thin rotating jets: A quasi‐geostrophic time dependent model

The time‐dependent meandering in a thin baroclinic jet over bottom topography is discussed in the quasi‐geostrophic approximation. The motion of the axis of the jet is taken to be vertically coherent and the axis itself is defined as inextensible. The motion is examined from a frame of reference moving with the axis but fixed at an arbitrary longitude in terms of an open ocean spatial initial value problem. The velocities of the axis and of the jet are quasi‐geostrophic, and vorticity conservation for the first non‐geostrophic components constrains the evolution of the axis and gives a path equation. The spatial linearized stability problem is studied and the jet is found to be baroclinically unstable to path disturbances of sufficiently high frequency which amplify downstream. An exact solution is obtained to the nonlinear path equation over a flat bottom with no s‐effect. The evolution of the path of these unstable meanders is such that the path closes itself and forms rings (at which point the analysis...
Linkage of an alcoholism-related severity phenotype to chromosome 16

There is substantial evidence for a significant genetic component to the risk for alcoholism. In searching for genes that contribute to this risk, the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence may not be the optimal phenotype; rather, creation of a more homogeneous phenotype will lead to a more homogeneous genetic etiology. Items from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism collected from 830 individuals in 105 alcoholic families were used in a latent class analysis to identify a more homogeneous alcoholism-related phenotype. A four-class solution was chosen: class 1, unaffected group; class 2, mildly problematic group; class 3, moderately affected group; and class 4, severely affected group. Classes 3 and 4 had higher symptom endorsement probabilities than classes 1 and 2 for items reflecting severe alcohol dependence, and were combined to provide enough sibling pairs for genetic linkage analysis. A total of 291 markers distributed throughout the genome, with an average intermarker distance of 14 cM, were genotyped. Linkage analysis was performed to detect loci underlying classes 3 and 4, the moderately and severely affected alcoholics, of whom 88% met the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism, and >99% met ICD-10 criteria for alcohol dependence. Evidence for a locus on chromosome 16, near the marker D16S675, was found with a maximum multipoint lod score of 4.0. Analysis of additional markers on chromosome 16 yielded a lod score of 3.2, narrowed the critical region, and placed the gene between D16S475 and D16S675 in a 15 cM interval.
Tailorable stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon nanophotonics

We examine the physics of traveling-wave photon-phonon coupling within nanoscale silicon waveguides and explore a host of new Brillouin-based signal processing technologies enabled by tailorable stimulated Brillouin processes in silicon photonics. Theoretical analysis of Brillouin coupling at sub-wavelength scales is presented, revealing that strong light-boundary interactions produce large radiation pressures mediated Brillouin nonlinearities. Experimental results demonstrating stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon waveguides for the first time are also presented, revealing 1000 times larger forward stimulated Brillouin gain coeffcients than any prior system.
Effect of ovarian hormones on synchrony of hamster circadian rhythms

Abstract Adult ovariectomized hamsters which were implanted with Silastic capsules containing estradiol benzoate (EB), progesterone (P) or nothing (Blank) were exposed to prolonged constant light (LL) with free access to running wheels. Freerunning locomotor rhythms were recorded on an event recorder. Light energy levels averaged 12.2 uwatts/cm 2 or 48.3 Lux. Rhythm splitting occurred in 1 7 animals given EB, 5 7 given P and 5 11 Blank implanted animals. Altogether, 1 7 EB, 6 7 P and 8 11 Blank implanted animals showed some form of splitting or other rhythm anomaly such as desynchrony of endogenous oscillations. There was a high incidence ( 10 11 ) of animals showing an additional transient rhythmical component running across the split condition. The study supports the concept that a multi-oscillatory system normally generates a cohesive circadian behavioral rhythm. Estradiol appears to facilitate the synchrony of these oscillations.
Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to perforated sigmoid colon diverticulitis: Computed tomographic demonstration

We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall secondary to perforated sigmoid colon diverticulitis. Management consisted of immediate debridement of necrotic tissue, exploratory laparotomy, sigmoid and left hemicolectomy, and colostomy. Computed tomography played a critical role in this case by demonstrating diverticulitis and obstruction of the sigmoid colon as the underlying cause of the disease and the presence as well as extent of necrotizing fasciitis. Although rare, gastrointestinal tract pathology should be considered as a potential etiology of necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall in patients without a history of abdominal wall trauma or surgery.
Experimental study of shortite (Na2Ca2(CO3)3) formation and application to the burial history of the Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA

Abstract The temperature at which shortite (Na2Ca2(CO3)3) forms from pirssonite (Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O) and calcite using pure synthetic phases in the system Na2CO3–CaCO3–H2O has been experimentally determined. At ∼1 atm pressure, shortite forms via the reaction Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O + CaCO3 = Na2Ca2(CO3)3 + 2H2O above 55 ± 2 °C. This equilibrium temperature is lower than determined previously (90 ± 25 °C) by Bradley and Eugster (1969) . The solution in equilibrium with synthetic shortite, pirssonite, and calcite approximates a binary H2O–Na2CO3 brine with 1.1 m Na2CO3 (10.6 wt% Na2CO3). The equilibrium temperature is lowered to 52 ± 2 °C with 5 m NaCl added to the system, which shows that this reaction is weakly dependent on the activity of H2O, a H 2 O . This study suggests that shortite does not occur in surficial alkaline saline environments because temperatures are too low. Shortite is abundant in the Wilkins Peak Member (WPM) of the Eocene Green River Formation, Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA (>78 million tons/km2), where it occurs as diagenetic displacive crystals, fracture fills, and pseudomorphous replacements of a precursor Na–Ca–carbonate. The large area over which shortite occurs in the WPM indicates that saline pore fluids once existed in the buried lacustrine sediments, and thus, at times, large Na–CO3-rich saline alkaline lakes or laterally extensive saline groundwaters existed in the Green River Basin during WPM time. The thermal stability of shortite, together with vitrinite reflectance data and inferred regional geothermal gradients, establish that the shortite-bearing intervals of the WPM were buried to maximum depths of ∼1000 m in the Green River Basin, and since experienced ∼800 m of erosional exhumation.
The heat flow for subharmonic orbits

LetV: M → ℝ be a smooth (potential) function on a compact Riemannian manifold. This gives rise to a second order Hamiltonian system. Assuming that the corresponding action functional is a Morse function, we will prove that the heat flow for subharmonics exists globally and converges to a critical point of the energy. As a Corollary, this shows the convergence of the geodesic heat flow (to a geodesic) without any curvature assumptions onM.
A LEED study of UO2(∼100) vicinal surfaces☆

Abstract The ordering and faceting properties of UO 2 (∼100) vicinal surfaces have been studied via LEED and Auger measurements. The measurements have demonstrated a reduced tendency for step ordering on UO 2 (∼100) vicinal surfaces when compared to step ordering on UO 2 (∼111) vicinal surfaces. The UO 2 (∼100) vicinal surfaces were observed to decompose irreversibly into low-index facets, including prominent (100) facets, at temperatures below those needed for creation of lowest index faceting on UO 2 (∼111) vicinal surfaces. These properties suggest that (100) terraces, in contrast to (111) terraces, act as surface diffusion barriers that limit longrange surface communication while growing at the expense of intermediate faceting stages.
Inhibition of phorbol ester-induced polyamine accumulation in mouse epidermis by anti-inflammatory steroid

Abstract Application of the tumor-promoting phorbol diester 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to mouse epidermis causes a large increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase and in polyamine accumulation. Concurrent application of fluocinolone acetonide, an anti-inflammatory steroid that dramatically inhibits tumor promotion, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity and the subsequent rise in spermidine levels. Spermine and putrescine levels were not greatly affected by fluocinoline acetonide treatment except that maximal putrescine values occurred later in time. Doses of the glucocorticoid as low as 0.1 μg inhibited the 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity by as much as 50% and the rise in spermidine accumulation by 30% after coincident treatment of female Sencar mice.
Micromechanical analysis and finite element modeling of electromechanical properties of active piezoelectric structural fiber (PSF) composites

This paper presents the combined micromechanics analysis and finite element modeling of the electromechanical properties of piezoelectric structural fiber (PSF) composites. The active piezoelectric materials are widely used due to their high stiffness, voltage-dependent actuation capability, and broadband electro-mechanical interactions. However, the fragile nature of piezoceramics limits their sensing and actuating applications. In this study, the active PSF composites were made by deploying the longitudinally poled PSFs into a polymer matrix. The PSF itself consists a silicon carbide (SiC) or carbon core fiber as reinforcement to the fragile piezoceramic shell. To predict the electromechanical properties of PSF composites, the micromechanics analysis was firstly conducted with the dilute approximation model and the Mori-Tanaka approach. The extended Rule of Mixtures was also applied to accurately predict the transverse properties by considering the effects of microstructure including inclusion sizes and geometries. The piezoelectric finite element (FE) modeling was developed with the ABAQUS software to predict the detailed mechanical and electrical field distribution within a representative volume element (RVE) of PSF composites. The simulated energy or deformation under imposed specific boundary conditions was used to calculate each individual property with constitutive laws. The comparison between micromechanical analysis and finite element modeling indicates the combination of the dilute approximation model, the Mori-Tanaka approach and the extended Rule of Mixtures can favorably predict the electromechanical properties of three-phase PSF composites.
The regulated synthesis of a Bacillus anthracis spore coat protein that affects spore surface properties.

Aims Examine the regulation of a spore coat protein and the effects on spore properties. Methods and Results A c. 23 kDa band in coat/exosporial extracts of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores varied in amount depending upon the conditions of sporulation. It was identified by MALDI as a likely orthologue of ExsB of Bacillus cereus. Little if any was present in an exosporial preparation with a location to the inner coat/cortex region established by spore fractionation and immunogold labelling of electron micrograph sections. Because of its predominant location in the inner coat, it has been renamed Cotγ. It was relatively deficient in spores produced at 37°C and when acidic fermentation products were produced a difference attributable to transcriptional regulation. The deficiency or absence of Cotγ resulted in a less robust exosporium positioned more closely to the coat. These spores were less hydrophobic and germinated somewhat more rapidly. Hydrophobicity and appearance were rescued in the deletion strain by introduction of the cotγ gene. Conclusions The deficiency or lack of a protein largely found in the inner coat altered spore hydrophobicity and surface appearance. Significance and Impact of the Study The regulated synthesis of Cotγ may be a paradigm for other spore coat proteins with unknown functions that modulate spore properties in response to environmental conditions.
Nitrous oxide formation and destruction in lean, premixed combustion☆

Concentraion profiles of N2O, NO, and N2 from atmospheric pressure, flat-flame burner experiments are presented. Axial profiles of species and temperature are described for CH4-air and H2O2Ar flames doped with either NH3, NO, or N2O. Species concentrations were determined by microprobe sampling and direct analysis by gas chromatography or chemiluminescence analysis, for flames ranging in temperature from 1300 to 2000 K. Burner surface temperatures were also estimated for these flames, using heat transfer analysis and an optical method. Nitrogen-atom balances were achieved in each of the H2O2Ar flames to within experimental error and better than 6%. Axial profiles of N2O were similar for all flames. At sampling locations nearest to the burner (0.5–1.0 mm), N2O concentrations were highest. Concentrations decreased monotonically in the downstream direction, with N2O destruction essentially complete in the postflame region (height greater than 3 mm) for all flames except the one at the lowest temperature (1300 K). With NH3 as dopant, early-flame and postflame N2O concentration varied inversely with temperature. The lowest early-flame N2O concentration was observed with NO as dopant, and the highest was observed with direct N2O addition. Increased initial concentrations of NH3 led to higher early-flame N2O concentrations. With N2O as dopant, product branching to NO and N2 in the postflame region is approximately 8% and 92%, respectively. An NO removal process involving NHi is active in lean, NO-doped flames.
What Do You Send Us, Let Us Count the Ways:

Secondary schools, by pre paring illegible, unorganized, in complete, or just plain sloppy docu ments, often make it unnecessarily dif ficult for admis sions officers to evaluate the rec ords submitted to them. An admis sions director dis cusses some of the handicaps to com munication.
Transport properties in the superfluid phase of dilute 3 He- 4 He mixtures near T λ

A cell for the simultaneous measurements of temperature and3He concentration gradients, induced by a heat currentQ across a fluid helium layer is described. This cell is operated over the temperature range 1.7≤T<2.5 K. Measurement of the anomalous boundary resistance ΔRb in superfluid4He(X(3He)∼2 ppb) near Tλ for heat currents between 8 and 47 µW/cm2 are described. The results for both the weakly divergent and the heat-dependent, more strongly divergent contributions to ΔR b are presented. The observed amplitude of the linear part is found to be larger than predictions by Onuki, by Ginzburg and Sobaynin and by Frank and Dohm, and also larger than recent data by Duncan and Ahlers (DA). These discrepancies are discussed in the light of the effective boundary area in the cell. The nonlinear part of ΔR b is consistent with the data by DA. It is found that the maximum observed ΔR b at the superfluid transition is independent ofQ. Analysis of the conductivity data of mixtures leads to the conjecture that ΔR b will decrease will the addition of3He. Our measurement of both the effective thermal diffusion ratiok * and of the thermal conductivity κeff over the range 10−6<X<5×10−2 show departures from the predictions by Khalatnikov. In particular forX<10−3,k * is found to be a function of X, and κeff deviates from the predicted κeff∝X −1. This last result confirms measurements with a previous cell. In the appendices, determinations and tabulations of auxiliary thermodynamic derivatives, such as (∂V/∂X)T,P and (∂S/∂X)T,P are presented.
A mechanistic study on boron rejection by sea water reverse osmosis membranes

Boron is a vital element for organism growth, but excessive exposure can cause detrimental effects to plants, animals, and possibly humans. However, it has been challenging for many of the existing sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane plants to remove boron and meet the current World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of key operating parameters such as pH and temperature on boron rejection and develop a corresponding mechanistic predictive model. Bench-scale cross-flow filtration experiments were performed to estimate the rejection of boron by six commercial SWRO membranes. The rejection of boron appeared to follow a mechanism which is different from those of other ionic solutes and could not be readily correlated with their rejections. An irreversible thermodynamic model coupled with film theory was applied to quantitatively analyze the experimental observations. The model accurately predicted the boron rejection performances of the SWRO membranes at different operating conditions. The model was further modified to account for the boric acid speciation by pH and temperature dependence of the model parameters. The model developed herein will constitute fundamental for performance prediction and design of SWRO processes.
Design and analysis of an ocean current turbine performance assessment system

To quantify the performance of experimental ocean current turbines (OCTs) during offshore testing, important performance metrics are presented along with a proposed sensor suite and the mathematical relationships that can be used to calculate them. A numerical simulation of an OCT and numeric models of the selected sensors are utilized to synthesize measurements which are used to calculate relative free stream flow velocity, electric power output, total system efficiency, shaft power, and rotor efficiency. By evaluating the calculated performance metrics, both with and without sensor limitations, the impact of the sensor limitations on the calculated performance metrics are evaluated. The impact of averaging times on the repeatability of performance calculations are also evaluated for several operating conditions to guide offshore testing requirements. It is found that for a 2 m significant wave height the selected sensor system increases the standard deviation of the calculated performance metrics for 1 min averages and an operating depth of 10 m by 5–20%. For a depth of 20 m the OCT performance is more consistent and the sensors increase the variability of the calculated performance metrics by between 30–50% for 1 min averages. For the same significant wave height and a depth of 10 m the standard deviation of the 1 min averaged sensor measured system and rotor efficiencies for are shown to range from 0.9 and 3.3% of their mean value. However this can be decreased to a 0.13 and 0.52% if the operating depth is decreased to 10 m and the averaging time is increased to 10 min.
Post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine long-acting injection, I: analysis of cases

An advance in the treatment of schizophrenia is the development of long-acting intramuscular formulations of antipsychotics, such as olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI). During clinical trials, a post-injection syndrome characterized by signs of delirium and/or excessive sedation was identified in a small percentage of patients following injection with olanzapine LAI. Safety data from all completed and ongoing trials of olanzapine LAI were reviewed for possible cases of this post-injection syndrome. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome. Regression analyses were conducted to assess possible risk factors. Based on approximately 45,000 olanzapine LAI injections given to 2054 patients in clinical trials through 14 October 2008, post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome occurred in approximately 0.07% of injections or 1.4% of patients (30 cases in 29 patients). Symptomatology was consistent with olanzapine overdose (e.g., sedation, confusion, slurred speech, altered gait, or unconsciousness). However, no clinically significant decreases in vital signs were observed. Symptom onset ranged from immediate to 3 to 5 hours post injection, with a median onset time of 25 minutes post injection. All patients recovered within 1.5 to 72 hours, and the majority continued to receive further olanzapine LAI injections following the event. No clear risk factors were identified. Post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome can be readily identified based on symptom presentation, progression, and temporal relationship to the injection, and is consistent with olanzapine overdose following probable accidental intravascular injection of a portion of the olanzapine LAI dose. Although there is no specific antidote for olanzapine overdose, patients can be treated symptomatically as needed. Special precautions include use of proper injection technique and a post-injection observation period. ClinicalTrials.gov ID; URL: http://http//www.clinicaltrials.gov/ : NCT00094640, NCT00088478, NCT00088491, NCT00088465, and NCT00320489.
Differentiation of the changes in the Q-T interval in hypocalcemia and hypopotassemia.

Abstract 1. 1. The electrocardiographic findings have been described in a typical case of hypocalcemia and in five cases of hypopotassemia due to various causes. 2. 2. Hypopotassemia is characteristically attended by rounded T waves of increased duration and usually of low amplitude. When the widening of the T waves attains a sufficient degree, prolongation of the Q-T interval results. The RS-T segments are not lengthened but often are slightly depressed. Prominent U waves are commonly present and by partial fusion with the descending limb of the T waves may cause further apparent lengthening of the Q-T interval. The duration of the QRS complexes is occasionally increased. 3. 3. In contrast to the findings in hypopotassemia, the electrocardiographic pattern of hypocalcemia is of a simple nature and consists entirely of prolongation of the Q-T interval due to lengthening of the RS-T segment.
Bilateral destruction of the ventrolateral orbital cortex produces allocentric but not egocentric spatial deficits in rats

Previous studies have implicated the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) in spatial attention and orientation. Unilateral destruction of the VLO has been found to produce severe multimodal neglect to unilateral stimulation which is qualitatively quite similar to that found following unilateral destruction of either the medial agranular or posterior parietal cortices. A series of anatomical studies have shown that the VLO is reciprocally interconnected with both the medial agranular cortex and the posterior parietal cortex, which are involved in egocentric and allocentric spatial processing respectively. However, the role of the VLO in either egocentric or allocentric spatial processing has never been directly examined. The present study directly examined the role of the VLO in spatial learning by examining the effects of bilateral VLO destruction on performance in both egocentric (adjacent-arm maze task) and allocentric (cheeseboard task) spatial tasks. Subjects in either the cheese board task or the adjacent arm maze were given presurgical maze training and then were assigned to one of three surgical groups: a bilateral VLO group, a lesion control group which received bilateral destruction of the laterally adjacent lateral orbital cortex which has a quite different pattern of connectivity than the VLO, or a sham operated control group. The results indicated that the VLO operates were significantly impaired in the cheeseboard task (allocentric task) relative to controls, but displayed no deficits in the adjacent-arm maze (egocentric task), a pattern of results similar to those found for the posterior parietal cortex. The results of the present study strongly support the contention that the VLO is a component of the cortical circuitry for spatial processing in rodents.
The side chain of aspartic acid 69 dictates the folding mechanism of Bacillus subtilis HPr

Many small, single-domain proteins show equilibrium and kinetic folding mechanisms that appear to be adequately described as two state. The two-state model makes several predictions that can be tested experimentally. First, the conformational stability determined at or extrapolated to a set of reference conditions should be independent of the measurement method (thermal or solvent denaturation or hydrogen exchange). Second, model-independent measures of the cardinal thermodynamic parameters (T(m), DeltaH) as determined from direct calorimetric means should be identical to those determined from the two-state analysis of thermal unfolding data. Third, the ratio of the kinetic folding and unfolding rate constants should be equal to K(eq) determined from an equilibrium measurement under the same conditions. Here, we show that the wild-type HPr protein from Bacillus subtilis does not meet all of these criteria under our standard conditions. However, if we replace the side chain of Asp69, or add moderate concentrations of salt, we find excellent two-state behavior in both equilibrium and kinetic folding. Thus, for this protein and possibly others, very subtle changes in the primary structure or in the solution conditions can dramatically alter the relative stabilities of the native intermediate, and unfolded ensembles can cause an observable change in the nature of the folding mechanism.
A Freshwater Classification Approach for Biodiversity Conservation Planning

: Freshwater biodiversity is highly endangered and faces increasing threats worldwide. To be complete, regional plans that identify critical areas for conservation must capture representative components of freshwater biodiversity as well as rare and endangered species. We present a spatially hierarchical approach to classify freshwater systems to create a coarse filter to capture representative freshwater biodiversity in regional conservation plans. The classification framework has four levels that we described using abiotic factors within a zoogeographic context and mapped in a geographic information system. Methods to classify and map units are flexible and can be automated where high-quality spatial data exist, or can be manually developed where such data are not available. Products include a spatially comprehensive inventory of mapped and classified units that can be used remotely to characterize regional patterns of aquatic ecosystems. We provide examples of classification procedures in data-rich and data-poor regions from the Columbia River Basin in the Pacific Northwest of North America and the upper Paraguay River in central South America. The approach, which has been applied in North, Central, and South America, provides a relatively rapid and pragmatic way to account for representative freshwater biodiversity at scales appropriate to regional assessments. Resumen: La biodiversidad de agua dulce esta en peligro y enfrenta amenazas crecientes en todo el mundo. Para ser completos, los planes regionales que identifican areas criticas para la conservacion deben incluir componentes representativos de la biodiversidad de agua dulce asi como especies raras y en peligro. Presentamos un metodo espacialmente jerarquico para clasificar sistemas de agua dulce para crear un filtro grueso que capte a la biodiversidad de agua dulce en los planes regionales de conservacion. La estructura de la clasificacion tiene cuatro niveles que describimos utilizando factores abioticos en un contexto zoogeografico y localizamos en un sistema de informacion geografico. Los metodos para clasificar y trazar mapas son flexibles y pueden ser automatizados, donde existen datos espaciales de alta calidad, o desarrollados manualmente cuando tales datos no estan disponibles. Los productos incluyen un inventario completo de unidades mapeadas y clasificadas que pueden ser usadas remotamente para caracterizar patrones regionales de ecosistemas acuaticos. Proporcionamos ejemplos de procedimientos de clasificacion en regiones ricas y pobres en datos en la cuenca del Rio Columbia en el noroeste de Norte America y del Rio Paraguay en Sudamerica central. El metodo, que ha sido aplicado en Norte, Centro y Sudamerica, proporciona una forma relativamente rapida y pragmatica de contabilizar biodiversidad de agua dulce representativa en escalas adecuadas para evaluaciones regionales.
Overview of acoustic emission monitoring of rock structures

Overview of Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Rock Structures The acoustic emission technique for monitoring the stability of rock masses in mines was initiated in the late 1930's by Obert and Duvall in the U. S. A. and Hodgson in Canada. The technique, called microseismic monitoring at that time and even to the present, is currently being extended beyond mining into a wide variety of Civil Engineering oriented problems. These include: Monitoring of all types of stressed rock masses in addition to mines (the subject of this paper). Monitoring of a wide variety of soil masses (dams, embankments, foundations, etc.). Monitoring of seepage and grout flow in both rock and soil. Determining in-situ stress history of rock and soil. Monitoring of steel highway bridges and offshore platforms. Monitoring of concrete bridges, dams and buildings. Assessing stability of permanent and temporary anchors, wire rope and other components of larger structural systems. While most of these activities are still in some form of development, they are generally beyond feasibility and are in various stages of implementation. This paper describes the acoustic emission monitoring method as pertains to rock monitoring and some of the directions that equipment manufacturers are currently pursuing. It then briefly describes applications of the method in connection with the monitoring of rock structures.
Topical anesthetic-induced improvements in the mobility of patients with muscular hypertonicity: Preliminary results.

Application of a topical anesthetic on the skin of the upper and lower limbs of chronic stroke and head-trauma patients induced considerable improvement in limb mobility within 30 min. We hypothesize that the augmentation of joint mobility and reduction in muscle rigidity are the result of desensitization of skin receptors that interact with the motor system. Physical therapy exercises performed during the effective period of the anesthetic rendered long-lasting improvement in the patients' ability to move their upper limbs and ambulate more effectively.
Changes in community structure and species-landform relationship after repeated fire disturbance in an oak-dominated temperate forest

Landform has long been considered one of the primary controls on forest community structure; however, it is still unclear how the strength of such species–topography couplings varies in response to recurring disturbance events. We evaluated this question in the context of repeated prescribed fire applied to a forest landscape in eastern Kentucky, USA. The landscape encompassed different areas of varying treatment frequencies: no fire, less frequent fires (two times, 6-year interval), and frequent fires (four times, 1 or 2-year interval) over 8 years. For each of 32 plots (10 m × 40 m), species–landform data were collected seven times between 2002 and 2010. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed generally decreasing importance of terrain attributes to the overall tree species composition, during and after the period of fire disturbance. Before fire, species composition showed high fractal dimensions and low Moran’s I, implying that the complex terrain of the area provided local, site-specific topographic controls on community structure. As fire was repeatedly applied, fractal dimensions decreased and Moran’s I increased, indicating that plots possessed increasingly similar vegetation characteristics regardless of site-specific terrain conditions; that is, local topography no longer acted as the primary driver of species composition because such a short-range spatial control became overwhelmed by a longer-range variation dictated by fire. Following a period of fire disturbance, forest modelers are recommended to avoid species distribution modeling heavily based on topographic parameters and to explicitly take into account potentially increasing spatial autocorrelation in species composition.
Motor systems energy efficiency supply curves: A methodology for assessing the energy efficiency potential of industrial motor systems

Motor-driven equipment accounts for approximately 60% of manufacturing final electricity use worldwide. A major barrier to effective policymaking, and to more global acceptance of the energy efficiency potential in industrial motor systems, is the lack of a transparent methodology for quantifying the magnitude and cost-effectiveness of these energy savings. This paper presents the results of groundbreaking analyses conducted for five countries and one region to begin to address this barrier. Using a combination of expert opinion and available data from the United States, Canada, the European Union, Thailand, Vietnam, and Brazil, bottom-up energy efficiency supply curve models were constructed to estimate the cost-effective electricity efficiency potentials and CO2 emission reduction for three types of motor systems (compressed air, pumping, and fan) in industry for the selected countries/region. Based on these analyses, the share of cost-effective electricity saving potential of these systems as compared to the total motor system energy use in the base year varies between 27% and 49% for pumping, 21% and 47% for compressed air, and 14% and 46% for fan systems. The total technical saving potential varies between 43% and 57% for pumping, 29% and 56% for compressed air, and 27% and 46% for fan systems.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Psychiatric Disorders in the General Population: Findings from NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project

High rates of psychiatric disorder have been documented in patients with functional bowel syndromes sampled from physicians' offices. Lifetime psychiatric disorder and/or current psychiatric symptoms are thought to be much more highly associated with current gastrointestinal bowel symptoms in clinical settings than in the community. The relationship of lifetime functional gastrointestinal symptoms to lifetime psychiatric disorders has not been examined systematically in randomly selected samples of general community populations. The current study reports findings from existing data on a large, randomly selected population sample that may help to clarify these associations. Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) project data were analyzed to examine relationships of functional gastrointestinal symptoms and psychiatric diagnoses in the community. Individuals with two or more medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms had high rates of psychiatric disorders. This was also true for the subgroup in which abdominal pain was one of the two symptoms. The overwhelming majority of subjects reporting medically unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms said they had consulted physicians for those symptoms. General population ECA data indicate that women in the community report more functional gastrointestinal complaints than men, that individuals with lifetime gastrointestinal complaints have high rates of lifetime psychiatric disorders (not necessarily currently symptomatic), and most have contacted a physician regarding their gastrointestinal symptoms. These data complement studies showing that patients with current gastrointestinal symptoms often do not consult a physician, or when they do, such behavior is associated with active psychiatric symptoms. These present data are consistent with the hypothesis that patients with recurrent symptoms are those who routinely seek medical help and who have high rates of psychiatric disorders, whereas those with symptoms that resolve or are improved by a medical intervention do not maintain treatment-seeking behavior.
Effect of pre-plating on third sound in superfluid

Abstract We recently reported observation of third sound resonances in superfluid films of pure 3 He on a disk-shaped polished copper substrate. From the observed spectra of resonant modes, the third sound speed, the average superfluid density, and information on dissipation were obtained. The film thicknesses studied were larger than or comparable to the superfluid coherence length, which is near 100 nm. We describe preliminary results from efforts aimed at using third sound in thinner films on a substrate which has been coated with a few atomic layers of 4 He .
Group Identity and Human Diversity: Keeping Biology Straight from Culture

As the international effort to map the human genome matures, scientific interest in using that map to evaluate the genetic differences among human groups is growing (Collins et al. 1997). It recently has become popular (and politically important) to argue that this new interest in what might be called “population genomics” puts at risk significant interests of the groups under study and that those groups therefore should be involved in the decision to conduct any study that would use individual genotyping to generate information about the group as a whole (North American Regional Committee of the Human Genome Diversity Project 1995; Knoppers et al.
Nineteen eating disorder scales: Comparison by focus, ease, response format, and readability.

Abstract Eating scales vary enormously in focus, ease, response format, and readability. As part of a larger study related to ethnicity and eating scales, we examined differences in eating scales to determine whether some scales may be more global and culture free in application than others. Ease of readability is related to the educational and cultural background of those to whom the scales are administered. Thus, 30 years of psychological literature (1968–1997) was reviewed; 40 eating disorder scales were found and requested from their authors. Using those who responded, 19 major scales were compared by focus, response format, validity, length, structure, reading level, and reading complexity. As expected, scales vary enormously in focus, length, content, and response format. Readability (as grade level) ranged from a high of 10.6 to a low of 1.1; 70% of the rated scales were rated as “highly readable.”
Pharmacokinetics of β-Methyldigoxin in Healthy Humans IV: Comparisons of Radioimmunoassays, Total Radioactivity, and Specific Assays of β-Methyldigoxin and Digoxin in Plasma

Abstract A modified radioimmunoassay, using the displacement of the 125 I-digoxin derivative bound to antiserum, is presented. It permitted the monitoring of plasma for total glycosides up to 144 hr after oral and intravenous administrations of 0.3 and 0.6 mg of 3 H- β -methyldigoxin to healthy humans. In a specific plasma, the radioimmunoassay response of β -methyldigoxin was 86 ± 3% that of digoxin. Radioimmunoassay of plasma was highly correlated with liquid scintillation spectrometric analysis of total radioactivity, and plots of various studies showed intercepts not significantly different than zero. However, radioimmunoassay underestimated the radiolabeled plasma concentration by 12–38% and was dependent on the individual plasma. Since total radioactivity,and radioimmunoassay can be expressed as a linear sum of the 3 H-digOxin and 3 H- β -methyldigoxin plasma concentrations, plots of ratios of total radioactivity to 3 H-digoxin concentration against ratios of 3 H- β -methyldigoxin to 3 H-digoxin plasma concentration were statistically evaluated to determine the specific activities of both glycosides in the two assays. The contributions of 3 H- β -methyldigoxin and its metabolite 3 H-digoxin were equivalent in liquid scintillation spectrometry, but the former ranged from 65 to 87% of the potency of the latter in the various radioimmunoassay studies. There was a significant difference in the estimated specific antigenicity of β -methyldigoxin at higher and lower plasma concentration ratios of β -methyldigoxin to digoxin, where the specific antigenicity was less at the higher ratios.
The factor analytic, logarithmic and optimum solutions in separating heterozygous carriers and normal control subjects in phenylketonuria.

The factor analytic, the logarithmic and the optimum solutions are presented and compared in separating heterozygous carriers from normal control subjects in phenylketonuria after an overnight fast and a loading with 0.1 g. of L-phenylalanine per kg of body weight. The sample consisted of 22 heterozygotes and 28 normal control subjects in the two former solutions and 16 heterozygotes and 24 normal control subjects in the latter solution. The logarithmic solution is better than the factor analytic solution and gives a higher discrimination power than the latter. The optimum solution with 10 phenylalanine and tyrosine variables gives a group of 6 variables: Ph3, T3, Ph1, T1, Ph0 and T0. The discrimination power with these 6 variables does not differ significantly from the discrimination power with all 10 variables. They are D/s = 6.19 and 6.14 respectively and are higher than in the best reported studies in the literature. The problems of overlap and misclassification can be avoided with the computerized discriminant analysis. Further research with larger samples will be needed for definite conclusions.
SYNTHESIS OF TRIPHENYLENO(B)THIOPHENES

The synthesis of all the isomers of triphenyleno[b]thiophenes namely, triphenyleno[l,2-b]thiophene, triphenyleno[2,1-b]thiophene and triphenyleno[2,3-b]thiophene is described.
Photophysics of metal-organic π-conjugated oligomers and polymers

Abstract A series of phenylene-ethynylene based π-conjugated oligomers that contain a 2,2′-bipyridine metal chelating unit has been synthesized by using Pd-mediated coupling chemistry. The photophysics of the free oligomers and complexes of the oligomers with the Re 1 (CO) x Cl metal chromophore is reported. These oligomers serve as excellent models for π-conjugated metal-organic polymers.
A method for recording behavior and multineuronal CNS activity from tethered insects flying in virtual space.

We describe a low cost, novel virtual reality-based insect flight simulator that combines visual, olfactory and mechanosensory stimuli with multichannel neurophysiological recording techniques. Three-dimensional visual environments were created using customized modifications of a first person flight simulator computer game. Experiments could be performed in open-loop, where the flying insect's movement through the environment is 'driven' by the human operator, or in closed-loop where the movement of the environment is controlled by optically sensed movements of the insect's abdomen. During flight, we recorded multineuronal activity from the ventral nerve cord between the brain and thoracic ganglia. Results show that in open-loop conditions, induced turns of the environment evoked characteristic compensatory optomotor responses. Coordination of wing and body kinematics was similar to that observed in free flight. In closed-loop conditions, the insect was able to navigate through the simulated environment and produce flight tracks in response to presentation of pheromone that resemble those observed in free flight. We discuss the effectiveness of this preparation and its utility for addressing specific questions of insect flight as well as general questions in neuroethology.
OMENS-Plus: Analysis of Craniofacial and Extracraniofacial Anomalies in Hemifacial Microsomia

This review of 121 patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) revealed that 67 (55.4%) had extracraniofacial anomalies. Sixteen patients (13%) had one extracraniofacial anomaly and 51 patients (42.4%) had anomalies of multiple organ systems. There was no gender or side predominance in the cohort with the HFM "expanded spectrum." Central nervous system (CNS), cardiac, and skeletal anomalies were "associated" (i.e., had frequencies of 10% or more). Pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and renal deformities were equivocally associated. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between several orbital, mandibular, ear, neural, and soft tissue (OMENS) variables and extracraniofacial anomalies. Patients with extracraniofacial structural defects had higher OMENS grades for individual craniofacial anatomic categories. Furthermore, patients with expanded spectrum had higher total OMENS scores. The frequency of cardiac anomalies (26%) supports the model of neural crest involvement in the pathogenesis of both hemifacial microsomia and conotruncal defects. The majority of the heart defects in this study were of either the outflow or septal type. We propose that the OMENS classification system for craniofacial anomalies of HFM be expanded to OMENS-Plus (+) to designate the presence of associated extracraniofacial anomalies.
Scattering of Protons by Protons

The data of Worthington, McGruer, and Findley (WMF) on scattering of protons by protons show an apparently real contribution to the cross section arising from scattering in the $p$ state. Results of phase shift analysis of these data are presented in Table I and in Fig. 1. A satisfactory fit is obtained in terms of $s$ and $p$ waves only, and there is no evidence for a contribution from higher orbital angular momenta or from $p$ waves of "noncentral" character. The $s$ part of the scattering anomaly is analyzed in terms of the $f$ function, and substantial agreement with older results is obtained. The energy dependence of the $p$ wave phase shift is consistent with the assumption of a Yukawa force of range 1.176\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm, and its magnitude is accounted for tentatively in terms of a combination of "ordinary" and "Majorana" potentials as represented by the factor ($0.4+0.6{P}_{M}$) in the nuclear Hamiltonian.
Computing Bayes Factors Using a Generalization of the Savage-Dickey Density Ratio

Abstract We present a simple method for computing Bayes factors. The method derives from observing that in general, a Bayes factor can be written as the product of a quantity called the Savage-Dickey density ratio and a correction factor; both terms are easily estimated from posterior simulation. In some cases it is possible to do these computations without ever evaluating the likelihood.
Determination of metal crystallite size and morphology in supported nickel catalysts

Abstract The application of H2 chemisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) line broadening, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the determination of metal crystallite size and size distribution in Ni SiO 2 , Ni Al 2 O 3 , and Ni TiO 2 catalysts having wide ranges of nickel loadings and dispersions was investigated. Average crystallite diameters estimated from H2 chemisorption and TEM were found to be in very good agreement over wide ranges of metal dispersion and loading in the Ni SiO 2 system and in good agreement for a 15% Ni Al 2 O 3 ; poor agreement was evident in the Ni TiO 2 system, the results suggesting that H2 adsorption was suppressed. In the few samples where it was possible to obtain information from XRD, the estimates of crystallite diameter were generally in good or fair agreement with those from H2 chemisorption or TEM. The specific limitations of these three techniques in determination of nickel crystallite size and their application to the study of sintering and metal support interactions in supported nickel catalysts are presented and discussed.