cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Submersible-Mounted In-Situ Geotechnical Instrumentation: ABSTRACT

New miniaturized in-situ geotechnical instruments have been developed and field tested with the DSRV Alvin in various sedimentary features associated with mass movements of sediments on the U.S. East Coast slope and rise within the Wilmington geotechnical corridor. The instruments include a cone penetrometer, resistivity probe, miniature piezometer, and an inclinometer. End_Page 1665------------------------------ The penetrometer produced a continuous profile of sediment cone resistance and was useful in determining recent sediment thicknesses to 1.3 m at several sites. The resistivity probe produced a continuous profile of sediment electrical resistance/conductivity, which is related to sediment wet unit weight and porosity when pore water salinities, temperatures, and average grain densities are constant. The miniature piezometer is a prototype 8-mm diameter probe which measures sediment excess pore water pressures and the dissipation of pressures induced during insertion at various depths below the sediment-water interface. An inclinometer was also mounted on the submarine and continuously measured the sediment slope as the submersible traversed the sea floor. The use of in-situ geotechnical instruments with a manned submersible provides the opportunity to select sites for detailed geotechnical analysis of specific sea-floor features such as previously slumped blocks, their slump scars, and sediment gravity flow deposits. Although depth of penetration of the submersible-mounted probes is limited to ~1.3 m, valuable detailed in-situ geotechnical data were obtained. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1666------------
Ab initio Study of Metal Grain Orientation-Dependent Work Function and its Impact on FinFET Variability

A novel method to model the effect of local workfunction variation in high-k metal gate nanoscale transistors is proposed. Impact of variability in metal grain granularity on device performance is studied using ab initio density functional theory calculations and device simulations, which show that different metal grain orientations (GOs) can result in large (≥100 mV) variation in metal gate effective work function. Probabilities of occurrence of each GO and the grain size are used to estimate the work-function variations. Full 3-D device simulations are performed to study the effect of metal grain granularity on FinFET and planar MOSFET behavior. Simulated mismatch trends are shown to be in good agreement with the grain diameters and device geometries.
Role of caspases (ICE/CED 3 proteases) in DNA damage and cell death in response to a mitochondrial inhibitor, antimycin A Rapid Communication

Caspases (ICE/ Ced3 proteases) are a closely related family of cysteine proteases that play a key role in apoptotic cell death. We examined the role of caspases in DNA damage and cell death in response to the mitochondrial inhibitor, antimycin A. LLC-PK1 cells contain caspase activity that was markedly inhibited by cleavage site-based peptide inhibitors of caspases but not by inhibitors of serine, cysteine, aspartate or metalloproteinases. The caspase activity increased within five minutes of exposure to antimycin A, preceding any evidence of DNA damage and cell death. The specific caspase inhibitors. Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde (inhibitor I) and Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (inhibitor II) prevented, in a dose dependent manner, antimycin A-induced DNA strand breaks as determined by DNA unwinding assay (residual double stranded DNA in control, 94 +/- 2%; antimycin A alone, 48 +/- 3%; antimycin A + inhibitor I at 50 microM, 93 +/- 2%; antimycin A + inhibitor II at 50 microM, 89 +/- 5%; N = 3 to 4, P < 0.001). These inhibitors also prevented antimycin A-induced DNA fragmentation as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and by in situ labeling of cell nuclei by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The caspase inhibitors markedly prevented antimycin A-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner as measured by trypan blue exclusion (control 6 +/- 1%, antimycin A alone 40 +/- 1%, antimycin A + inhibitor I at 50 microM 16 +/- 1%, antimycin A + inhibitor II at 50 microM 16 +/- 1%; N = 4 to 7, P < 0.001). These data indicate that the caspase family of enzymes play an important role in DNA damage and cell death in response to the mitochondrial inhibitor, antimycin A.
Impact of Electron–Electron Spin–Spin Coupling on Electron-Spin Turning Angle in a Spin-Labeled Copper(II) Complex

Abstract The continuous wave EPR spectrum of copper bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexed with 4-((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl-1-oxy)iminomethyl)pyridine in 2:1 toluene:chloroform glass exhibits an electron–electron AB spin-coupled pattern with |J| = 70 × 10−4cm−1and interspin distance = 12 A. In two-pulse field-swept echo-detected spectra, the relative intensities of the inner and outer lines of the AB pattern for this complex are dependent upon incident microwave power because of the dependence of turning angle on effective spin S. This observation confirms the impact of the electron–electron spin–spin interaction on effective S: the inner lines have effectiveS>[formula]and the outer lines have effectiveS>[formula].
Giant prolactinoma: the sound of silence

Prolactinomas typically present with oligoamenorrhea or galactorrhea in woman and headaches, visual changes or impotence in men with auditory symptoms being a rare presentation. We describe a case of a man who presented with bilateral hearing loss and was found to have a giant prolactinoma. Initial audiogram indicated an air-bone conduction gap suggesting a mixed sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Measured prolactin was 3711.0 ng/mL and an a magnetic resonance revealed a 3.0×3.0×3.3 cm heterogeneously enhancing mass arising from the sella turcica compressing the left half of the optic chiasm. Several months after treatment, prolactin was 26 ng/mL and the patient reported marked improvement in his vision with mild improvement of his hearing. Although prolactinomas typically present with classic symptoms, one must be aware of unusual presentations. Further investigation is needed to access the correlation between prolactin and hearing loss, which may impact potential audiology screening for those with elevated prolactin.
DIFFUSION AND VISCOUS FLOW IN CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS

Synopsis The principle of minimum entropy production is applied to obtain bounds on the diffusion coefficient of a solute in a suspension of solid particles, as well as on the viscosity of the suspension. These bounds involve certain two-and three-point correlations characterizing the geometry of the liquid-solid interface, but are not in any way dependent upon the adoption of a simplified model to represent the system. In particular, it is not necessary to assume that the suspended particles are too far apart to interact with one another, and the theory is therefore valid even when the volume fraction of solid is high.
Speech deficits in serious mental illness: A cognitive resource issue?

Speech deficits, notably those involved in psychomotor retardation, blunted affect, alogia and poverty of content of speech, are pronounced in a wide range of serious mental illnesses (e.g., schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorders). The present project evaluated the degree to which these deficits manifest as a function of cognitive resource limitations. We examined natural speech from 52 patients meeting criteria for serious mental illnesses (i.e., severe functional deficits with a concomitant diagnosis of schizophrenia, unipolar and/or bipolar affective disorders) and 30 non-psychiatric controls using a range of objective, computer-based measures tapping speech production (“alogia”), variability (“blunted vocal affect”) and content (“poverty of content of speech”). Subjects produced natural speech during a baseline condition and while engaging in an experimentally-manipulated cognitively-effortful task. For correlational analysis, cognitive ability was measured using a standardized battery. Generally speaking, speech deficits did not differ as a function of SMI diagnosis. However, every speech production and content measure was significantly abnormal in SMI versus control groups. Speech variability measures generally did not differ between groups. For both patients and controls as a group, speech during the cognitively-effortful task was sparser and less rich in content. Relative to controls, patients were abnormal under cognitive load with respect only to average pause length. Correlations between the speech variables and cognitive ability were only significant for this same variable: average pause length. Results suggest that certain speech deficits, notably involving pause length, may manifest as a function of cognitive resource limitations. Implications for treatment, research and assessment are discussed.
Measuring love in romantic relationships: A meta-analysis

The present study identifies the higher-order factors underlying the most popular measures of love in use today through meta-analytic factor analysis. Eighty-one studies representing 103 samples and 19,387 individuals provided data for the meta-analysis. The reported correlations between several commonly-used measures of love were aggregated across studies to form a meta-analytic correlation matrix, which was then subjected to principle components analysis. Factors suggesting general love, romantic obsession, and practical friendship emerged. Love was positively and obsession was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction and length.The results corroborate recent conceptualizations of love and point toward the need for measurement methods other than global self-report in the field of love research.
Complications Related to Coronary Stenting

A 70-year-old woman was referred for possible coronary intervention for an ostial right coronary stenosis discovered during a workup for chest pain where an abnormal nuclear stress study had revealed inferior wall ischemia (Figure 6-1). The coronary intervention was performed using a 7 French Judkins right guiding catheter with predilatation of the area, followed by subsequent stent implantation of a 4.0 = 18-mm stent (Figure 6-2). An additional inflation was performed at 14atm with a short balloon to assure good stent deployment. The patient left the laboratory without any complaints, but 3 hours later, she developed some moderate chest discomfort, unlike her previous angina. She was given sublingual nitroglycerin, and subsequently developed sinus bradycardia and mild hypotension. An electrocardiogram obtained during that time was normal. She was given intravenous fluids with some response, but soon developed progressive hypotension and bradycardia. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun when she lost both pulse and consciousness. Urgent echocardiography followed by bedside surgical subxyphoid exploration confirmed the suspected hemopericardium. Open image in new window Figure 6-1. Right coronary angiogram showing left anterior oblique projection. There is a significant lesion at the ostium, confirmed by nonselective injections and not relieved by intra-coronary nitroglycerin. Open image in new window Figure 6-2. (A) Balloon angioplasty was performed without incident followed by stent deployment and high-pressure dilatation with a short balloon. (B) Final angiogram after stent implantation.
Tribology experiment in zero gravity

A tribology experiment in zero gravity was performed during the orbital flight of Spacelab 1 to study the motion of liquid lubricants over solid surfaces. The absence of a significant gravitational force facilitates studies of the motion of liquid lubricants over solid surfaces as controlled by interfacial and capillary forces. Observations were made of phenomena associated with the liquid on one solid surface and also with the liquid between a pair of closely spaced surfaces. Typical photographic records obtained on Spacelab 1 are described.
Feminist IR Theory and Quantitative Methodology: A Critical Analysis

The purpose of this narrative is to build a bridge among feminist and traditional worldviews within international relations (IR) scholarship. In particular, this essay renews Ann Tickner's appeal for dialogue between feminist and conventional IR scholars. Not only is there room for such dialogue, but it is necessary. The most dogmatic scholars from each worldview generate and perpetuate an artificial divide. The purpose of this essay is to provide an explanation and rationale for a small, but growing, body of research that incorporates elements of gender and social justice into conventional IR theory using various methodologies, including a quantitative approach.
Protein kinase C-α interaction with F0F1-ATPase promotes F0F1-ATPase activity and reduces energy deficits in injured renal cells.

We showed previously that active PKC-α maintains F0F1-ATPase activity, whereas inactive PKC-α mutant (dnPKC-α) blocks recovery of F0F1-ATPase activity after injury in renal proximal tubules (RPTC). This study tested whether mitochondrial PKC-α interacts with and phosphorylates F0F1-ATPase. Wild-type PKC-α (wtPKC-α) and dnPKC-α were overexpressed in RPTC to increase their mitochondrial levels, and RPTC were exposed to oxidant or hypoxia. Mitochondrial levels of the γ-subunit, but not the α- and β-subunits, were decreased by injury, an event associated with 54% inhibition of F0F1-ATPase activity. Overexpressing wtPKC-α blocked decreases in γ-subunit levels, maintained F0F1-ATPase activity, and improved ATP levels after injury. Deletion of PKC-α decreased levels of α-, β-, and γ-subunits, decreased F0F1-ATPase activity, and hindered the recovery of ATP content after RPTC injury. Mitochondrial PKC-α co-immunoprecipitated with α-, β-, and γ-subunits of F0F1-ATPase. The association of PKC-α with these subunits decreased in injured RPTC overexpressing dnPKC-α. Immunocapture of F0F1-ATPase and immunoblotting with phospho(Ser) PKC substrate antibody identified phosphorylation of serine in the PKC consensus site on the α- or β- and γ-subunits. Overexpressing wtPKC-α increased phosphorylation and protein levels, whereas deletion of PKC-α decreased protein levels of α-, β-, and γ-subunits of F0F1-ATPase in RPTC. Phosphoproteomics revealed phosphorylation of Ser146 on the γ subunit in response to wtPKC-α overexpression. We concluded that active PKC-α 1) prevents injury-induced decreases in levels of γ subunit of F0F1-ATPase, 2) interacts with α-, β-, and γ-subunits leading to increases in their phosphorylation, and 3) promotes the recovery of F0F1-ATPase activity and ATP content after injury in RPTC.
Preface to 'Advances in Quantitative Analysis in Financial and Accounting: Essays in Microstructure' in Honor of David K. Whitcomb (Vol. 3)

Market microstructure is the study of how markets operate and how transaction dynamics can affect security price formation and behavior. The impact of microstructure on all areas of finance has been increasingly apparent. Empirical microstructure has opened the door for improved transaction cost measurement, volatility dynamics and even asymmetric information measures, among others. Thus, this field is an important building block towards understanding today’s financial markets. One of the pioneers in the field of market microstructure is David K Whitcomb, who retired from Rutgers University in 1999 after 25 years of service. David generously funded the David K Whitcomb Center for Research in Financial Services, located at Rutgers University. The Center organized a conference at Rutgers in his honor. This conference showcased papers and research conducted by the leading luminaries in the field of microstructure and drew a broad and illustrious audience of academicians, practitioners and former students, all who came to pay tribute to David K Whitcomb. Most of the papers in this volume were presented at that conference and the contributions to this volume are a lasting bookmark in microstructure. The coverage of topics on this volume is broad, ranging from the theoretical to empirical, and covering various issues from market architecture to liquidity and volatility.
Organizational departures: The impact of separation anxiety as studied in a mergers and acquisitions simulation.

This article explores the impact of impending layoffs on emotions, both theoretically and empirically, using a simulated mergers and acquisitions scenario in which 119 people participated Root causes of layoff stress, emotional outcomes, and coping mechanisms, both useful and dysfunctional, are examined A major focus of this research is on how the group context of a layoff or merger situation affects emotion and behavior The research shows that anxiety is stimulated by the mere announcement that people in an organization are leaving and that the impact of this anxiety is expressed differently depending on the proportion of people staying in and leaving the organization. This article looks at the basic dynamic of separation anxiety-what it is and why it is stimulated It explores how separation anxiety is manifested in several simple contexts. Psychodynamic concepts, such as denial splitting, and projection, are introduced to help uncover some of the simpler dynamics surrounding separation anxiety as experi...
The central nucleus of the amygdala contributes to the production of morphine antinociception in the rat tail-flick test

Current models of endogenous pain control circuitry emphasize neural substrates within the brainstem and spinal cord. We have recently shown, however, that the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) contributes to morphine-induced suppression of formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors. In the four experiments reported here, we investigated the possibility that the Ce also contributes to morphine- induced suppression of simple, spinally mediated nociceptive reflexes. Bilateral N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced lesions of the rat Ce, but not bilateral lesions centered on either the basolateral or medial amygdaloid nucleus, abolished the antinociception produced by 2.5 mg/kg morphine sulfate in the noxious heat-evoked tail-flick test. Bilateral Ce lesions also abolished the antinociception produced by 2 or 4 mg/kg morphine sulfate, but a relatively large dose of morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg, s.c.) resulted in partial reinstatement of antinociception. It is unlikely that these effects were due to secondary, seizure-induced damage following NMDA injection (e.g., to areas outside the amygdala) since bilateral inactivation of the Ce with the local anesthetic lidocaine also reliably attenuated morphine antinociception. It is also unlikely that these effects were artifacts of lesion-induced hyperalgesia, since Ce lesions failed to result in reliable thermal hyperalgesia, even at baseline tail-flick latencies of 10–12 sec. These data are the first to provide direct evidence that systemically administered morphine requires the integrity of a forebrain area in order to suppress spinally mediated nociceptive reflexes. It is argued that the present results, together with recent evidence linking the Ce to the production of several forms of conditioned and unconditioned environmentally induced antinociception, warrant incorporation of the Ce into current models of endogenous pain control circuitry.
Intracellular minerals and metal deposits in prokaryotes

Thanks to the work of Terrance J. Beveridge and other pioneers in the field of metal–microbe interactions, prokaryotes are well known to sequester metals and other ions intracellularly in various forms. These forms range from poorly ordered deposits of metals to well-ordered mineral crystals. Studies on well-ordered crystalline structures have generally focused on intracellular organelles produced by magnetotactic bacteria that are ubiquitous in terrestrial and marine environments that precipitate Fe3O4 or Fe3S4, Fe-bearing minerals that have magnetic properties and are enclosed in intracellular membranes. In contrast, studies on less-well ordered minerals have focused on Fe-, As-, Mn-, Au-, Se- and Cd-precipitates that occur intracellularly. The biological and environmental function of these particles remains a matter of debate.
A Heuristic Indication and Warning Staging Model for Detection and Assessment of Biological Events

Objective: This paper presents a model designed to enable rapid detection and assessment of biological threats that may require swift intervention by the international public health community. Design: We utilized Strauss' grounded theory to develop an expanded model of social disruption due to biological events based on retrospective and prospective case studies. We then applied this model to the temporal domain and propose a heuristic staging model, the Wilson-Collmann Scale for assessing biological event evolution. Measurements: We retrospectively and manually examined hard copy archival local media reports in the native vernacular for three biological events associated with substantial social disruption. The model was then tested prospectively through media harvesting based on keywords corresponding to the model parameters. Results: Our heuristic staging model provides valuable information about the features of a biological event that can be used to determine the level of concern warranted, such as whether the pathogen in question is responding to established public health disease control measures, including the use of antimicrobials or vaccines; whether the public health and medical infrastructure of the country involved is adequate to mount the necessary response; whether the country's officials are providing an appropriate level of information to international public health authorities; and whether the event poses a international threat. The approach is applicable for monitoring open-source (public-domain) media for indications and warnings of such events, and specifically for markers of the social disruption that commonly occur as these events unfold. These indications and warnings can then be used as the basis for staging the biological threat in the same manner that the United States National Weather Service currently uses storm warning models (such as the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) to detect and assess threatening weather conditions. Conclusion: Used as a complement to current epidemiological surveillance methods, our approach could aid global public health officials and national political leaders in responding to biological threats of international public health significance.
Photoreactivating enzyme from human leukocytes.

A photoreactivating enzyme has been found in human leukocytes. The specificity of the enzyme for cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in DNA may allow direct evaluation of the role of dimers in ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis in man.
Azimuthal structure in wire-array Z pinch experiments

Nested wire-array loads on Z with a high degree of azimuthal symmetry in the outside current-return-shell (which surrounds a z pinch) exhibit a 6/spl plusmn/2 azimuthal mode structure in the axial X-ray emission near stagnation when the pinch is viewed from above through a small radiation-exit-hole in the anode. MACH3 numerical simulations show that if a low-number mode like 6 does exist in the initial density distribution, it will remain throughout the implosion, amplifying near the time of stagnation. And if a random-density pattern initially exists with a significantly higher mode number, it will coalesce to a reduced mode number of about 4 to 8 by the time stagnation is neared, in agreement with experiment. Current-return-shells with a nine-fold periodic slot structure (which permit side-on viewing of the pinch) are used as examples of loads that develop azimuthal mode structures in their X-ray emission.
Controlled ionic conductivity via tapered block polymer electrolytes

We present the design of novel solid electrolytes using tapered block polymers (TBPs). In this work, we synthesize a series of TBPs via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) consisting of rigid polystyrene and ion-conducting poly(oligo-oxyethylene methacrylate) segments and explore the role of tapered interfaces on ion transport. Previous studies on TBPs have shown that manipulating the taper composition in block polymers can reduce the unfavorable polymer–polymer interactions between blocks, enabling the design for highly-processable (lower order–disorder transition temperature) polymer electrolytes. Herein, we demonstrate that the taper profile and taper volume fraction significantly impact the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) in block polymer electrolytes, thus affecting the ionic conductivity. Additionally, we find that the normal-tapered materials with ≈60 vol% tapering exhibit remarkable improvements in ionic conductivity (increase ≈190% at 20 °C and increase ≈90% at 80 °C) in comparison to their non-tapered counterparts. Overall, our TBPs, with controllable interfacial interactions, present an exciting opportunity for the fabrication of cost-effective, highly-efficient, and stable energy storage membranes.
THE EVOLUTION OF ALTERNATIVE CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE STRATEGIES IN AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS

Cryptic female choice is a potentially important aspect of the sexual selection process. According to the theory of sexual dialectics, postcopulation manipulation of relative male fertilization success can provide an avenue by which females can circumvent attempts by males to control female reproduction. Here I use stochastic models to investigate the evolution of cryptic female choice in populations with and without age structure. In populations without age structure, cryptic female choice will evolve only when (1) precopulatory mate choice by females is inefficient, (2) variation in male fitness is correlated with a trait upon which a female can base her choice of mates, and (3) the cost of multiple mating is not too high. In populations with age structure, similar conditions apply. However, selection sometimes favors females that employ alternative strategies of female choice at different ages. These results help to define the types of biological systems in which we should expect to see the evolution of cryptic female choice. They also illustrate that the evolution of choice strategies in females may be complex and may mirror in some important respects the evolution of alternative mating tactics in males.
Measurement of Affective States in Adults Evaluation of an Adjective Rating Scale Instrument

A cross-sectional sample of adults, ages 20-79, were administered an adjective rating scale instrument measuring multiple affective states, including items from the Profile of Mood States (POMS) instrument. Confirmatory item factor analysis supported, for the most part, a priori assignments of items to scales based upon prior research, but revealed a few small, additional item factors that were cross-validated in a second sample. Items measuring different aspects of psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive affect, showed appreciable skew and kurtosis, with a substantial proportion of respondents indicating no perceived distress. Items measuring psychological well-being tended to show more normal response distributions. Tests of age-related invariance in item factor structure indicated that the unstandardized factor pattern weights (loadings) were not fully equivalent across two age groups, but showed that the same configuration of items loading on factors was supported. The scales perform well enough to justify continued use in older populations, but further research on the contributions of item distributions to age differences in factor loadings is needed.
Idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium: Report of four cases

Abstract The case summaries of 4 patients with idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium are reported, 1 of whom had a giant diverticulum of the atrium requiring surgical resection. The reports of 8 similar patients have been clearly documented in the literature. These patients are usually asymptomatic, and attention is drawn to this condition by an abnormal cardiac silhouette on the roentgenogram of the chest. Atrial fibrillation is a frequent complication. Although usually a benign condition, idiopathic right atrial enlargement can lead to intrapericardial compression, venous congestion and spontaneous intra-atrial thrombus formation. Pulmonary embolization is a potential complication, but has not yet been reported to occur. Surgical resection is indicated in the presence of marked right atrial enlargement complicated by atrial fibrillation, venous congestion, evident thrombus formation, or signs of pulmonary embolization.
Is race a prognosticator for survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer?

6610 Background: Available cancer statistics for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the US relate mainly to Caucasians and African Americans. NSCLC also represents a major health concern in othe...
The Property Clause: As If Biodiversity Mattered

The Supreme Court has held that the Property Clause gives Congress the power to regulate conduct on land adjacent to federally owned lands. The Court has also suggested that the Clause also encompasses wildlife. This articles examines the potential to use the Clause to conserve biodiversity on lands adjacent to federally owned lands.
Organic Spin Valves: A Review

Organic spintronics is an emerging and potential platform for future electronic devices. Significant progress has been made in understanding the spin injection, manipulation, and detection in organic spin valves in the past decade plus since its discovery. Studies have also been advanced to a range of materials combination of organic semiconductors and ferromagnetic electrodes for improving their performance especially at high temperatures. In addition, there are several remarkable studies on development of the spin valves as a multifunctional device. However, the research in this field is still in its infancy and there is a need to resolve many issues which keep this field far away from applications. In this report, we review major advances in organic spin valves such as understanding the underlying physics in spin injection and transport, high temperature operations, and functionality. We also highlight some of the outstanding challenges in this promising research field. Finally, we suggest an outlook on the future of organic spintronics.
CNOIDAL WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER

The propagation of long waves of finite amplitude in water with depth to wavelength ratios less than about one-tenth and greater than about one-fiftieth can be described by cnoidal wave theory. To date little use has been made of the theory because of the difficulties involved in practical application. This paper presents the theory necessary for predicting the transforming characteristics of long waves based on cnoidal theory. Basically the method involves calculating the power transmission for a wave train m shallow water from cnoidal theory and equating this to the deep water power transmission assuming no reflections or loss of energy as the waves move into shoaling water. The equations for wave power have been programmed for the range of cnoidal waves, and the results are plotted in non-dimensional form.
Evaluation of a position in a non-profit organisation: employee attitudes and monetary indicators of effectiveness

Little attention has been paid to the assessment of a single position and the value it brings to a non-profit organisation and its employees. The purpose of this case study is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of a support-focused position and examine the position's impact on employee attitudes. This method uses a strategic job-modelling framework coupled with 360-degree feedback and principles from utility analyses. Eighteen employees were interviewed and 118 questionnaires were collected. Results indicate that employees perceived position effectiveness and a positive return for the organisation. Perceptions of effectiveness positively related to job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, engagement, perceived organisational support). Such a position appears to have led to positive economic returns on investment. In the absence of objective indicators, human resource practitioners can use this model to estimate the perceived effectiveness of a position and its relationship to job attitudes.
The pivotal role of psychology in a comprehensive theory of obesity

The target article offers a comprehensive approach to conceptualizing psychological factors contributing to obesity. Strengths of Marks' theory include giving body image a central focus, discussing the importance of emotional states on food reliance, and conveying avenues for interventions and treatment. Marks' approach carefully delineates the interpersonal nature of obesity, although our work suggests that romantic partners are an especially important and understudied factor relevant to eating behaviors, body image, and obesity risk. The target article is an important step toward understanding the complex factors that contribute to obesity.
Diagnosis of early pre-dysplastic stages of colon carcinogenesis using light scattering “fingerprints”

We report detection of slight alterations of tissue micro-architecture by recording multidimensional data characterizing tissue light scattering. In the animal studies, we show that these light scattering “fingerprints” change dramatically even in the earliest pre-dysplastic stages of carcinogenesis, much earlier than currently known histological, molecular, or genetic markers.
Race Relations in the United States Army: An Example of Integration

BROADLY speaking, race relations as a field of sociological interest has been a study of either the competitive and conflict aspects of the situation, the accomplishments of members of the minorities, or of the historical development of relations in this and other countries. Relatively little research and analysis have emphasized the cooperative aspects or the cultural situations in which race relations existed but in which race as a problem was not a confounding issue. Quite probably this emphasis is a logical part of the sociological heritage of the past when the race problem or the Negro problem was the frame of reference. While this emphasis may be valid, there is also some value in observing cultural patterns in which race as an issue has been partially resolved. There may be considerable value in knowing about the successful as well as the unsuccessful. In any cultural situation in which "race" is a matter of attention there are certain relationships between the "racial" groups which are accepted. While there may be doubt at times in the minds of both the dominating and dominated groups as to just what kinds of relationships are acceptable, there seems to be the general belief on the part of the dominating group, at least, that nothing should be done which connotes equality. The subordinated group is required to do many things separately. These distinguishing requirements include doing apart such activities as consumption of food, elimination of body wastes, school attendance, sitting, use of recreational facilities. The idea of "separate but equal" facilities usually involves these activities as well as many others. Any attempt to destroy separation or segregation with regard to such differentiating conditions is a point at which one would expect friction, because it is a denial or disruption of deeply rooted behavior patterns. Moreover, it must be observed that any prohibitions, or manifestations of segregation, are a part of a particular culture pattern. Hence, any deviations must be considered in reference to a particular cultural situation. It is in this respect that this report is made. Any significance it has lies in the fact that the situation was a deviation, and in some respects a particularly sharp one, from the previous experience of both the participating members and of the organization which established the conditions herein discussed. New experience, of course, is not difficult, unless the new experience is contrary to one's accepted values. The new situation becomes more difficult when one's "ingrained" attitudes are contested, when the "truth" is not only doubted but countermanded. The practices of the United States Army with regard to race relations have been widely discussed.' The pattern which usually has been criticized or condoned was that of segregation. Not so widely discussed was the practice of the Army during the latter part of the war and in some areas of following an integration or at least a nonsegration rule. Here we shall seek to evaluate one example of the integration procedure. It deals with
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member APRIL contributes to fibrotic scar formation after spinal cord injury

Fibrotic scar formation contributes to the axon growth-inhibitory environment that forms following spinal cord injury (SCI). We recently demonstrated that depletion of hematogenous macrophages led to a reduction in fibrotic scar formation and increased axon growth after SCI. These changes were associated with decreased TNFSF13 (a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL)) expression, but the role of APRIL in fibrotic scar formation after SCI has not been directly investigated. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the role of APRIL in fibrotic scar formation after SCI. APRIL knockout and wild-type mice received contusive SCI and were assessed for inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression, leukocyte infiltration, fibrotic scar formation, axon growth, and cell proliferation. Expression of APRIL and its receptor BCMA is increased following SCI, and genetic deletion of APRIL led to reduced fibrotic scar formation and increased axon growth. However, the fibrotic scar reduction in APRIL KO mice was not a result of changes in fibroblast or astrocyte proliferation. Rather, APRIL knockout mice displayed reduced TNFα and CCL2 expression and less macrophage and B cell infiltration at the injury site. Our data indicate that APRIL contributes to fibrotic scar formation after SCI by mediating the inflammatory response.
Effects of Bulk Blending Urea on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of the bulk blending urea(BBU)on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency(NAE),with the high-yield-cultivar Zhunliangyou 527,in 2009.The results indicated that, with the increasing of BBU rate,tiller number,SPAD value,and accumulation amount of dry matter,increased as well. While grain yield changed as a signal modal curve.And when the fertilizer rate increased to 225 kg/hm 2,grain yield reached the peak.Compared B3 and CK,which had the same nitrogen fertilizer rate and different fertilizer forms(BBU and normal urea respectively),the tiller number,SPAD value,accumulation amount of dry matter,grain yield and NAE of B3 were all larger than that of CK.It was indicated that BBU was superior to improve biological yield,grain yield and NAE.Based on the above results,it was suggested that,under the condition of this experiment,the treatment of B3 was the best treatment,gaining the highest grain yield as 11 208.6 kg/hm2,which increased 10.1%than CK,and much higher NAE as 10.6 kg/kg,even at a normal nitrogen fertilizer rate as 225 kg/hm2.
Design of a K/Q-Band Beacon Receiver for the Alphasat Technology Demonstration Payload (TDP) #5 Experiment

This paper describes the design and performance of a coherent KQ-band (2040 GHz) beacon receiver developed at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) that will be installed at the Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) for use in the Alphasat Technology Demonstration Payload 5 (TDP5) beacon experiment. The goal of this experiment is to characterize rain fade attenuation at 40 GHz to improve the performance of existing statistical rain attenuation models in the Q-band. The ground terminal developed by NASA GRC utilizes an FFT-based frequency estimation receiver capable of characterizing total path attenuation effects due to gaseous absorption, clouds, rain, and scintillation. The receiver system has been characterized in the lab and demonstrates a system dynamic range performance of better than 58 dB at 1 Hz and better than 48 dB at 10 Hz rates.
Suboptimal Results in Full Thickness Skin Graft Urethroplasty Using an Extrapenile Skin Donor Site

AbstractWe performed 22 full thickness skin graft urethroplasties for treatment of urethral stricture disease or hypospadias. Excellent results were achieved in 18 cases in which a penile skin donor site was used. Three failures occurred in 4 cases in which the full thickness graft was raised from the inner aspect of the upper arm. These results suggest caution when extrapenile skin is used for such repairs.
Summary of basic research

The study of endorphins and opiate receptors continues to expand wildly in all directions as it captures the imaginations of scientist in virtually every field. Only 6 months elapsed between the last meeting of the International Narcotics Research Conference held in New Hampshire and the symposium on Endorphins in Mental Health Research reported in this volume. It is a credit to the ingenuity of the investigators at this meeting that they were able to make so many new discoveries in such a short time. In this brief summary, we have tried to touch on most of them, but we cannot claim to have covered everything of importance.
Patterns for conflict identification in clinical trial eligibility criteria

Patients with serious diseases, such as cancer, often must consider and choose between multiple clinical trials. Patients are often concerned that participation in one clinical trial may preclude their participation in another trial. We are developing a system to help patients in this decision making process, focusing on pediatric cancer where clinical trial participation is very high. In this paper, we present a detailed description of the approach used to process and analyze the eligibility constraints, using a pattern-based approach from the literature. We show how the semantic categorizations produced by these patterns can be used to determine which eligibility constraints can produce conflicts, as well as to guide an analysis algorithm. This work contributes to research on using eligibility criteria and other clinical trial information to better support patient decision making and to improve accrual of patients into clinical trials.
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME CAUSING PROGRESSIVE OPTIC NERVE EDEMA IN CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS.

Purpose To report an human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient undergoing therapy for cryptococcal meningitis who developed progressive optic disk edema that was steroid responsive. Methods Observational case report. Results One month after commencing antifungal treatment for cryptococcal meningitis, the patient developed bilateral, progressive, recurrent optic disk edema with subretinal fluid that coincided with initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy and recovery of CD4 cell counts. Lumbar puncture revealed normal opening pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid showed no recurrence of cryptococcal infection. There was no evidence of uveitis. The patient rapidly improved with a 5-day course of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Conclusion Recurrent optic disk edema with loss of vision after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the setting of normal intracranial pressure may represent a unique manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome localized to the optic nerve without uveitis. This is consistent with the temporal relationship between starting highly active antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count recovery, and the development of progressive disk edema in the study patient. Isolated optic nerve inflammation as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has not been widely reported.
Copulation Behavior in Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii)

Abstract. Aechmophorus grebes are socially monogamous and copulate only on floating nests. Motion-activated cameras were used to study the copulation behavior of Aechmophorus grebes at Clear Lake, Lake County, California, USA, during 2015–2016. The sex of both partners was determined in 226 of 435 copulations; of these, 8.0% were female mounting male (reverse mountings), including 6.4% by Western Grebe (A. occidentalis; n = 171), 0% by Clark's Grebe (A. clarkii; n = 31), and 42.9% by mixed pairs (n = 14). One copulation comprised two Western Grebes mounting a third individual on a nest; the sexes could not be determined, but most likely consisted of two males mounting a female. Another copulation comprised a male-male mounting by Western Grebes. These records provide the first documentation of simultaneous extra-pair copulation and male-male mounting in the Western Grebe.
Quantification of cyclocreatine in mouse and rat plasma using hydrophilic-interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract An accurate, rapid and selective method was developed to quantify cyclocreatine in mouse and rat plasma using hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). The plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile:methanol (70:30). Chromatographic separation was performed on a HILIC BEH amide column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with a 3 min gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. For mass spectrometric detection, selected reaction monitoring (SRM) was used; the SRM transitions were m/z 144 → 98 and m/z 144 → 56 for cyclocreatine and m/z 148 → 102 for the internal standard (D4-cyclocreatine) in the positive ionization mode. No endogenous components interfered with the analysis of cyclocreatine and the internal standard in mouse and rat plasma. Plasma calibration curves were constructed in the range of 0.01–25 μM. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curves was greater than 0.99. The mean intraday assay accuracy for all quality control (QC) replicates was between 93 and 105%. The mean intraday assay precision (CV%) was 1.9-11% for all QC levels. The HILIC–UPLC–MS/MS method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of cyclocreatine in mice and rats for the first time. After a single 30 mg/kg oral administration in mice and rats, the AUC 0-∞ (area under the curve) was 84.1 μg h/mL and 91.7 ± 18.0 μg h/mL, respectively.
A technique to transform 6T-SRAM arrays into robust analog PUF with minimal overhead

Physically unclonable function (PUF) is one of the critical security primitives for key generation and storage. The key challenge in building a PUF is to achieve high robustness against noise, temperature/supply voltage (VDD) variations and device aging with low cost. This paper presents a technique to transform a pre-existing SRAM array into an analog PUF by configuring the access transistors in a 6T-SRAM bitcell into a pair of threshold voltage (Vth) sensors and comparing their outputs. The proposed analog PUF circuit achieves significantly better robustness than conventional SRAM-based PUFs using reset states while maintaining the benefit of hardware reuse: low area overhead. Test chips are prototyped in a 65nm CMOS to verify the randomness, uniqueness, and robustness of the proposed design.
Utilizing original XPC™ in feed to reduce stress susceptibility of broilers

ABSTRACT Reduction of stress is an important factor in improving poultry welfare, especially during periods of heat stress. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding the functional metabolites of Diamond V Original XPCTM to broilers reared under ambient or heat stress temperatures. Dietary treatments included: control feed (CON) and Original XPC fed continuously at 1.25 kg/MT (XPC). Half the birds in each dietary treatment were subjected to either no heat stress (24°C constant) or heat stress (35°C:24°C for 18:6 h daily) from 28 to 42 d. At the end of the heat stress period, blood was collected from 40 birds/treatment. Blood was analyzed for plasma corticosterone (CORT), plasma HSP70 (HSP70), and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (H/L). At 42 d, bilateral metatarsal traits were also measured in 40 birds/treatment to assess physical asymmetry. Birds fed XPC had significantly lower CORT levels than CON (P