cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thresholds, Power, and Sample Sizes in Clinical Neuroimaging.

Replicability has become a major issue in the behavioral and biological sciences, and one of the goals of Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging is to publish articles that are designed and analyzed in a manner to ensure that they provide both novel and reliable insights into the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying mental disorders and the mechanisms of treatment response. Essential to this process are methods for type I error control, given the massive univariate testing that is often used in whole-brain imaging studies. The most widely used approach involves cluster-based correction (1), in which a height threshold for significance is established at the voxel level and a minimum number of contiguous voxels is required to exceed the likelihood that a given cluster would occur by chance alone. This approach was introduced by Forman et al. (1) and has remained popular for several reasons. First, correcting for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni and related methods at the voxel level requires very large effect sizes that are beyond the sizes typically seen in neuroimaging studies. Second, correction methods focused on a single voxel fail to capitalize on the fact that in blood oxygen level–dependent imaging studies, most “true-positive” activations extend beyond a single voxel. Concerns have been raised as to what the appropriate height threshold should be when cluster correction is applied. There are at least three competing concerns when making such a choice: false positives, false negatives, and the precision of spatial localization. Different researchers may prioritize different subsets of these concerns, depending on the type of study being conducted. For example, Woo et al. (2) used simulations to demonstrate that when lower height thresholds are used, clusters are larger, making it harder to detect activation in very small structures and limiting the ability to make precise anatomic inferences regarding the location of significant voxels. This constraint is important in studies in which a primary goal is testing hypotheses regarding functional specialization in subregions of the brain that are in close proximity. Based on these results, the authors suggested that height thresholds of at least p , .001 should be used in functional imaging studies that use cluster-based correction for multiple comparisons. In addition, Woo et al. noted that at low height thresholds (e.g., p 5 .01), the false-positive rate at the whole-brain level may be higher than expected. At much higher height thresholds (e.g., p 5 .001), the whole-brain falsepositive rate is accurate or even conservative under some conditions (e.g., whole-brain false-positive rate , .05 with higher signal-to-noise levels). Studies such as the one by Woo et al. (2) are very important as the field of clinical neuroimaging matures and addresses the complex statistical challenges that face us and the need to
Binders for heap leaching agglomeration

Agglomeration techniques are widely used by industry to form fine particles into larger masses that are easier to handle and process. One area where agglomeration is potentially useful is in heap leaching operations. Without agglomeration, fine particles travel through the heap, clogging the spaces between the larger particles and resulting in poor leach solution flow. Poor flow of leach solution will result in long leach rates and/or decreased metal recovery. Agglomeration immobilizes the fine particles and therefore improves heap permeability to fluid flow. Additional additives (binders) are needed to prevent agglomerates from breaking up as leaching solution percolates through the heap. Type II Portland cement and lime are two well-known binders used in gold and silver leaching, but these are limited to alkaline leaching environments. Various other products have been tested as binders, including polymers. This paper summarizes the benefits of agglomeration in heap leaching and the results obtained from the testing of several different agglomeration binders in heap leaching operations.
Oxidative Assimilation by Serratia marcescens

SummaryThe oxidative assimilatory behavior of S. marcescens with various substrates is similar to that noted with other bacteria 4, a portion of the substrate being oxidized to CO2, a portion assimilated by the cells and the remainder converted to extracellular material not utilized readily by the cells. Oxidative activity, but not C-assimilation, was proportional to the concentration of cells over the range studied. No satisfactory explanation for this difference could be advanced. After the first 48 hours of aging of the suspensions the endogenous rate of respiration remained fairly constant for 5 days. However, the rate of exogenous respiration decreased with time but not in proportion to the viable count. Nitrogenous compounds appear to be a major endogenous substrate of S. marcescens.
A Fossil Motmot (Aves: Momotidae) from the Late Miocene of Florida

A fossil motmot, known from the proximal end of a humerus, from the late Miocene (early Hemphillian, approximately 8 MYA) Haile XIXA locality, Alachua County, Florida, is morphologically indistinguishable from that of living species of Electron, Momotus, and Eumom- ota. This is the first fossil record of the family Momotidae in the Tertiary of the New World. The presence of a motmot in Florida prior to the land connection between North and South America provides evidence for the Momotidae being widely distributed in the southern part of North America during the late Tertiary, then invading South America during the "Great American Interchange."
Study on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A gene in fresh milk by PCR

Objective To establish a fast and sensitive method for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A gene in fresh milk. Methods After the total DNA was extracted from the artificially contaminated Staphylococcus aureus milk,a duplex-PCR assay was developed for detecting the genes encoding thermostable nuclease and enterotoxin A of with Bacterium coli as a control strain. Results The genes encoding thermostable nuclease and enterotoxin A were detected in the contaminated milk sample with Staphylococcus aureus( 1 × 104 cfu / ml),while abnormal pieces were not observed in B. coli. The result of the sensitivity analysis indicated that the detection limit of PCR assay was 100 cfu / ml. Conclusion The established duplex-PCR assay is rapid,specific,sensitive and easy to use,and it is suitable for laboratory diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus in food-borne disease and food poisoning.
Epidermal growth factor receptor regulation in rat kidney: two models of renal growth

The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) to plasma membranes prepared from rat kidney cortex was studied following unilateral nephrectomy, a model of proximal tubule cell hypertrophy, and following the administration of folic acid, a model of proximal tubule cell hyperplasia. Binding of 125I-EGF was a linear function of basolateral membrane protein content and time of incubation. Specific binding to luminal brush-border membranes was not evident in these studies. Neither insulin nor insulin-like growth factor I could displace EGF binding, indicating that binding was specific. Scatchard analysis revealed a single binding site. The KD in sham-operated animals 48 h after surgery was 11.2 +/- 1.4 nM, whereas Bmax averaged 95.2 +/- 4.1 fmol/mg protein (n = 3). Similar values were obtained in nephrectomized animals. The Bmax of folic acid-untreated animals averaged 212.5 +/- 6.9 fmol/mg 48 h after administration, whereas that of vehicle-injected controls averaged 85.4 +/- 9.2 (n = 3, P less than 0.001). Differences in binding were not related to changes in affinity, ligand degradation by the preparations, or receptor binding of endogenous EGF. These data indicate that regeneration following folic acid administration is associated with an upregulation of proximal nephron EGF receptors that may play an important role in the mitogenic response.
The foundation of treatment for the traumatized patient: A model for the development and maintenance of the therapeutic relationship

T can cause a variety of social problems. Those who have been traumatized may feel like no one understands them, be anxious and distrustful of others, feel awkward socially, and turn to isolating themselves. These problems make it challenging for clinicians to connect with and to treat these types of patients. However, the psychotherapy literature clearly shows that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of treatment, and without it, it becomes much more difficult to help patients. The purpose of this presentation is to address this problem and to offer a model to aid in the development and maintenance of the therapeutic relationship with those who have been traumatized. We will review the social challenges faced by traumatized individuals, explore the topic of evidence-based relationships, and then discuss the model itself. The model emphasizes the core skills of empathy (as described by Carl Rogers), meta communication (i.e. discussing the communication and the relationship itself), and collaboration. The approach is designed to be broadly applicable for anyone in the health related professions who work with those who have been traumatized. Future directions for the model will also be discussed. Edward MacPhee, J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2013, 3:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0460.S1.004
Morphology evolution and nanostructure of chemical looping transition metal oxide materials upon redox processes

Abstract Transition metal are heavily used in chemical looping technologies because of their high oxygen carrying capacity and high thermal reactivity. These oxygen activities result in the oxide formation and oxygen vacancy formation that affect the nanoscale crystal phase and morphology within these materials and their subsequent bulk chemical behavior. In this study, two selected earlier transition metals manganese and cobalt as well as two selected later transition metals copper and nickel that are important to chemical looping reactions are investigated when they undergo cyclic redox reactions. We found Co microparticles exhibited increased CoO impurity presence when oxidized to Co3O4 upon cyclic oxidation; CuO redox cycles prefer to be limited to a reduced form of Cu2O and an oxidized form of CuO; Mn microparticles were oxidized to a mixed phases of MnO and Mn3O4, which causes delamination during oxidation. For Ni microparticles, a dense surface were observed during the redox reaction. The atomistic thermodynamics methods and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to elucidate the effect of oxygen dissociation and migration on the morphological evolution of nanostructures during the redox processes. Our results indicate that the earlier transition metals (Mn and Co) tend to have stronger interaction with O2 than the later transition metals (Ni and Cu). Also, our modified Bronsted−Evans−Polanyi (BEP) relationship for reaction energies and total reaction barriers reveals that reactions of earlier transition metals are more exergonic and have lower oxygen dissociation barriers than those of later transition metals. In addition, it was found that for these transition metal oxides the oxygen vacancy formation energies increase with the depth. The oxide in the higher oxidation state of transition metal has lower vacancy formation energy, which can facilitate forming the defective nanostructures. The fundamental understanding of these metal oxide reactions is essential to designing the metal oxide-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping applications.
Broad band Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) for inhomogeneous waveguide of arbitrary shape

Recently, we have developed the method of broadband Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) to investigate the problem of arbitrary shaped waveguides [1]. In the past, the Boundary Integral-the Resonant Mode Expansion (BIRME) [2, 3] method was applied to calculate the modes of an arbitrary shaped waveguide with a homogenous dielectric. In BIRME, a DC extraction is applied to remove the singularity. In BBGFL, the broadband Green's function is expressed in modal expansion of modes that are frequency independent. To accelerate the convergence in computing the Green's function, a low wavenumber extraction is implemented which was shown to be a robust method of extraction. We apply the BBGFL method to the signal integrity problem where the broadband simulations of signal interaction with vias in printed circuit boards (PCBs) are carried out by combining with the Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations [1]. The BBGFL method is also used in the dielectric problem with periodic structures [4]. Recently, the broadband Green's function method is further employed in the fast modeling of radiated emissions from PCBs with power bus structures for electromagnetic interference/compatibility (EMI/EMC) studies [5]. In EMI/EMC problems, PCBs usually consist of inhomogeneous dielectrics and arbitrary shaped power/ground planes. The complication for this case is because of the two different wavenumbers in the two dielectrics. In this paper, the BBGFL technique is extended to treat the inhomogeneous waveguide problem where the waveguide is filled with two different dielectrics. We apply BBGFL to fast model the irregular shaped PEC boundary for inhomogeneous waveguides. The extinction theorem is applied twice, respectively from outside and inside the boundary separating the two dielectrics. Low wavenumber extractions are next used. With this technique we obtain a linear matrix eigenvalue problem from which the modal solutions for all modes are calculated simultaneously. The broadband Green's function is next constructed using the mode solutions for broadband application. We compare simulation results and computational efficiency with HFSS.
Review on power system cascading failure thoeries and studies

A large number of blackouts have happened in power system recently, and most of them are cascading outages. Because of their severe consequences, a variety of methods are proposed to study the mechanism of cascading outages. These methods can be divided into four categories: self-organized critical theory, complex network theory, operational reliability theory, and power system simulation theory. This article reviewed the researches on cascading outages, and pointed out some important research achievements and their drawbacks.
Liver transplantation around the world.

Purpose of reviewIn the past few years, there have been important changes in the development of liver transplantation around the world. In particular, several emerging countries have rapidly developed transplant programs. There have also been important changes in liver allocation, utilization of don
With a little help from my friends: Microbial partners in integrative and comparative biology-An introduction to the symposium

Abstract The role that host-associated microbes play in animal biology is gaining attention in comparative biology. Numerous research groups study the roles that microbes play in human health and nutrition, or in enhancing the production of agricultural animals. However, inclusion of host-associated microbes into research questions of integrative and comparative biology has lagged behind. We hosted a symposium to bring together top researchers in the field of host-associated microbes who also incorporate aspects of integrative and comparative biology. In this introduction, we highlight recent research demonstrating the profound roles that host-associated microbes play in many aspects of animal biology, such as immune function, endocrinology, and even behavior. It is our hope that integrative and comparative biologists will begin to include aspects of host-associated microbes into their research programs, enhancing both the fields of comparative biology and host-microbe interactions.
Efficient modeling and optimizing of checkpointing in concurrent component-based software systems

Abstract A common mechanism to improve availability and performance is checkpointing and rollback. When it is time to checkpoint, a system stores a job’s state to nonvolatile memory, and, when a failure occurs, it rolls back to the latest stored state instead of restarting the job from the beginning, thus improving performance in the presence of failures. Too frequent checkpointing reduces the amount of work to be redone in case of failures but generates excessive overhead, degrading performance. This paper presents a novel and very efficient queuing network model that addresses software component contention for hardware resources and shows how it can be used to model checkpointing in heterogeneous component-based software systems. We validated this model against a previous model, developed by the authors, that used Markov Chains. Our new model is orders of magnitude faster than the previous one and can be used to plan for checkpointing at run-time. As an additional contribution of this paper, we present an optimizer to find, for each software component, the optimal checkpointing interval that minimizes execution time, maximizes availability, or minimizes checkpointing overhead.
An In Situ Simulation-Based Training Approach to Active Shooter Response in the Emergency Department.

With an increased number of active shooter events in the United States, emergency departments are challenged to ensure preparedness for these low frequency but high stakes events. Engagement of all emergency department personnel can be very challenging due to a variety of barriers. This article describes the use of an in situ simulation training model as a component of active shooter education in one emergency department. The educational tool was intentionally developed to be multidisciplinary in planning and involvement, to avoid interference with patient care and to be completed in the true footprint of the work space of the participants. Feedback from the participants was overwhelmingly positive both in terms of added value and avoidance of creating secondary emotional or psychological stress. The specific barriers and methods to overcome implementation are outlined. Although the approach was used in only one department, the approach and lessons learned can be applied to other emergency departments in their planning and preparation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:345–352)
Delayed Fission of Light Am Isotopes

Fission characteristics of the delayed-fission decay mode in light Am nuclei have been investigated. Total kinetic energy and mass-yield distributions were measured for 232Am and for 234Am, and delayed-fission probabilities of 6.9 х 10-4 and 6.6 х 10-5, respectively, were determined. The total kinetic energy and the asymmetric mass-yield distributions are typical of fission of mid-range actinides. No discernible influence of the anomalous triple-peaked mass division characteristic of the Th-Ra region was detected. Measurements of the time correlation between the EC х rays and the subsequent fission confirm that the observed fissions arise from the EC delayed-fission mechanism.
Light Timber Design

Timber is an important structural material in agricultural production systems. A large proportion of livestock and storage facilities, temporary facilities, and auxiliary pieces of handling equipment are constructed of timber. Portions of farm machinery, such as wagon beds and framing, are also of timber construction.
Individual and environmental correlates of school-based recess engagement.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine individual variables associated with children's levels of recess physical activity (PA), as well as environmental influences that influence children's engagement during recess. Participants (n = 146) were 4–6th grade students across seven schools. PA data were collected using the Fitbit Flex. Psychological need satisfaction at recess data were collected with a basic psychological need satisfaction for recess PA survey. Observations of recess activity engagement and the quality of the recess environment were also collected at 134 recess periods (n = 8340 children) across nine schools. Results of multi-level regression analyses indicated that gender and recess time were significant predictors of physical activity during recess. In examination of the environmental level factors, multi-level regression analyses revealed that ‘adult engagement and supervision’ was the only significant predictor for recess engagement in boys and girls. These findings suggest the amount of time allocated, and the quality of the recess environment must be included in evaluation of the critical factors relevant to engagement of students in physically active recesses.
Social Media and Your Professional Presence Online

The rapid adoption of online communities, both general and specialized, led to the widespread adoption of Internet physician profiles and social media interactions. These tools are invaluable to the young surgeon’s professional and personal development, and though appropriate caution is warranted, investing the time to manage an online presence can be worthwhile.
Laser capture microdissection–targeted mass spectrometry: a method for multiplexed protein quantification within individual layers of the cerebral cortex

The mammalian neocortex is organized into layers distinguished by the size, packing density, and connectivity of their constituent neurons. Many neuropsychiatric illnesses are complex trait disorders with etiologic factors converging on neuronal protein networks. Cortical pathology of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, is often restricted to, or more pronounced in, certain cortical layers, suggesting that genetic vulnerabilities manifest with laminar specificity. Thus, the ability to investigate cortical layer-specific protein levels in human postmortem brain is highly desirable. Here, we developed and validated a laser capture microdissection-mass spectrometry (LCM-MS) approach to quantify over 200 proteins in cortical layers 3 and 5 of two cohorts of human subjects as well as a monkey model of postmortem interval. LCM-MS was readily implementable and reliably identified protein patterns that differed between cortical layers 3 and 5. Our findings suggest that LCM-MS facilitates the precise quantification of proteins within individual cortical layers from human postmortem brain tissue, providing a powerful tool in the study of neuropsychiatric disease.
Simulation of Visual Impairments as a Training Technique

In order to give teachers and mobility specialists a more realistic and empathic understanding of visual loss, instructors at Boston College included in their courses a period of wearing goggles th...
A Quartile Analysis of the 1997 NAEP Visual Arts Report Card

This article reports the results of a secondary analysis of the 1997 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Visual Arts Report Card. In the original report the randomly selected sample ...
Post-operative intensive care unit admission after elective non-cardiac surgery: A single-center analysis of the NSQIP database.

Background Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This observational cohort study aims to identify perioperative factors associated with post-operative ICU admission in patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. Methods Data from the ACS NSQIP® database at a tertiary care academic medical center were analyzed from January 2011 to September 2016. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression of patient and surgery-specific characteristics was performed to assess association with post-operative ICU admission. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) billing codes, as well as associated outcomes, were reviewed. Results Of 5254 database patient records, 1150 met our inclusion criteria. Elevated body mass index (BMI), longer procedure duration and a diagnosis of disseminated cancer were associated with post-operative ICU admission. Prostatectomy and morbid obesity were the most common CPT and ICD-9 codes identified. Patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery had a longer hospital length of stay (LOS), had a higher frequency of readmission, re-operation, and in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Admission to the ICU after elective non-cardiac surgery is common. Our analysis of the ACS NSQIP® database identified elevated BMI, longer duration of surgery and disseminated cancer as predictors of post-operative ICU admissions in patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.
Viscoelastic Modeling of Titanium Silicidation

This paper describes titanium silicidation modeling using the process simulator FLOOPS. Erpimental work shows that viscoelastic models are required to fit the observed behavior. The capability to simulate a wide range of silicide examples are shown, but more experimental evidence is needed to calibrate the models.
GERBODE DEFECT CHARACTERISTICS, IMAGING, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES IN ADULTS: DECADE-LONG CLEVELAND CLINIC EXPERIENCE

Gerbode defects are a rare abnormal septal defect connecting the left ventricle and right atrium. Traditionally considered a congenital condition, acquired defects are increasingly reported but the literature is based on case reports and small series. We report our center's 10-year experience of
Analytical Strategies and Tactics in Salivary Bioscience

This chapter provides an overview of many of the methodological obstacles and opportunities of salivary analyte data analysis. Salivary data processing procedures essential for data validity and reliability, but rarely described in the literature (e.g., flow-rate adjustments, the handling of censored data points, and data transformations), are discussed. Statistical modeling approaches appropriate for salivary biomeasure data (e.g., multilevel modeling and latent state-trait analysis) are also described. Recommendations for data processing and statistical modeling are proposed to improve validity, reliability, precision, and cross-study consistency for the next generation of studies.
4 – Polymer Blends

The scientific understanding of the principles governing polymer miscibility or compatibility has lagged behind the technological development of the field. It may be stated that essentially all polymeric materials that are items of commerce are blends. Examples range from poly(vinyl chloride), which contains a ‘polymeric plasticizer’ such as poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), to ‘Noryl’, an engineering thermoplastic based on the miscible blend of polystyrene and poly[oxy-(2, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-phenylene)]. It is normally assumed that relatively few new polymers will attain commercial success in the coming decades, and the need for new higher performance engineering thermoplastics, composite matrix materials and elastomers will largely be met by blending known polymers in ways that will produce the desired properties.
Shock Hugoniot measurements of single-crystal 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) compressed to 83 GPa

We present laser-driven shock Hugoniot measurements of single-crystal (SC) 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) between 15 and 83 GPa, spanning pressures below and well above the Chapman–Jouguet pressure of ∼28 GPa for TATB formulations (TATB grains mixed with plastic binders at 5–10 wt. %). The new SC data are generally ∼3% more compressible than previously published data on neat and formulated TATB measured in gas-gun and explosive-driven experiments. An exception is at compressions in the density of ∼1.5 ( ∼30–40 GPa), where our new SC data exhibit significantly lower pressures than previous results on overdriven TATB formulations, suggesting that our SC samples remain largely unreacted below 35 GPa over the short nanosecond-time scales inherent to our laser-driven experiments. These novel equation-of-state measurements are a critical step toward understanding TATB in its most fundamental form and improving predictive modeling of TATB-based explosives.
A Vehicle-Independent Autonomous Lane Keeping and Path Tracking System

Abstract This paper describes a lateral controller for path following developed to work on a wide range of vehicles without any changes in tuning between platforms. This vehicle independent path following controller employs a cascaded adaptive architecture, with the outer loop controlling the path dynamics and the inner loop controlling the vehicle dynamics. The controller is validated on four vehicle models in simulation at a variety of speeds. The controller is then implemented and validated in real-time on a Lincoln MKZ, a Class-8 Peterbilt 579 cab, a Peterbilt 579 with a loaded trailer, and a 1/10th scale RC car. The controller is shown to perform well on the four simulated vehicles and the four experimental platforms at a range of longitudinal speeds, matching or exceeding human performance with consistent and smooth steering.
Thermally tunable hydrogel crosslinking mediated by temperature sensitive liposome.

Hydrogel crosslinking by external stimuli is a versatile strategy to control and modulate hydrogel properties. Besides photonic energy, thermal energy is one of the most accessible external stimuli and widely applicable for many biomedical applications. However, conventional thermal crosslinking systems require a relatively high temperature (over 100°C) to initiate covalent bond formation. To our knowledge, there has not been a thermally tunable hydrogel crosslinking system suitable for biological applications. This work demonstrates a unique approach to utilize temperature sensitive liposomes to control and modulate hydrogel crosslinking over mild temperature range (below 50°C). Temperature sensitive liposomes were used to control the release of chemical crosslinkers by moderate temperature changes. The thermally controlled crosslinker release resulted in tunable mechanical and transport properties of the hydrogel. No significant inflammable response observed in the histology results ensured the biocompatibility of the liposome-mediated crosslinkable hydrogel. This work opens new opportunities to implement thermal energy system for control and modulate hydrogel properties.
Woke Science and the 4th Industrial Revolution: Inside the Making of UNFSS Knowledge

Understanding how science, technology, and innovation is produced by the UN Food Systems Summit process offers a lens into how dominant actors in global food policy continually rework their power and legitimacy. Focusing on discourses and material networks, the article shows that the Scientific Group makes appeals to inclusivity-of people of colour, women, youth, smallholders, and more-while extending old Green Revolution ideas through new 4th Industrial Revolution innovations and governance ambitions.
Evaluating mononuclear cells as nanoparticle delivery vehicles for the treatment of breast tumors

In breast cancer, certain types of circulating immune cells respond to long-range chemical signals from tumors by leaving the blood stream to actively infiltrate tumor tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether immune cells could be used to deliver therapeutic nanoparticles into breast tumors in mice. Mononuclear splenocytes (MS) were harvested from donor mice, labeled with Indium-111, injected intravenously into immune-competent recipient mice (3 tumor-bearing and 3 control), and imaged longitudinally by SPECT/CT. For comparison, the biodistribution of bonemarrow derived macrophages (BMDM) in one pair of mice was also imaged. Quantitative analysis of the SPECT images demonstrates that, after 24 hours, the concentration of MS detected in mammary tumors is more than 3-fold higher than the concentration detected in normal mammary glands. The ratio of MS concentration in mammary tissue to MS concentration in non-target tissues (muscle, lung, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney) was enhanced in tumor-bearing mice (compared to controls), with statistical significance achieved for mammary/muscle (p<0.01), mammary/lung (p<0.05), and mammary/kidney (p<0.05). By contrast, BMDM did not show a different affinity for tumors relative to normal mammary tissue. MS were incubated with 100 nm red fluorescent nanoparticles, and flow cytometry demonstrated that ~35% of the MS population exhibited strong phagocytic uptake of the nanoparticles. After intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, fluorescence microscopy images of tumor sections show qualitatively that nanoparticle-loaded MS retain the ability to infiltrate mammary tumors. Taken together, these results suggest that MS carriers are capable of actively targeting therapeutic nanoparticles to breast tumors. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Of Descartes and of train schedules

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the second edition of the Encyclopaedia Judaica (2007) within its broader historical context of the production of encyclopedias in the twentieth and the twenty‐first centuries. The paper contrasts the 2007 edition of the Encyclopaedia Judaica to the Jewish Encyclopedia published between 1901 and 1905, and to the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Judaica published in 1972; then contrasts the 2007 edition of the Encyclopaedia Judaica to Wikipedia and to other projects of online encyclopedias.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a personal reflective review of the sources in question.Findings – That Encyclopaedia Judaica in its latest edition does not adequately replace the original first edition in terms of depth of scholarly work. It is considered that the model offered by Wikipedia could work well for the Encyclopaedia Judaica, allowing it to retain the core of the expert knowledge, and at the same time channel the energy of volunteer editors ...
PLASMA INSULIN IN NORMAL MIDPREGNANCY.

Abstract Plasma insulin was measured in normal midpregnancy and again post partum in a fasting state and after an intravenous glucose stimulus. Hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated in midpregnancy, but it is less marked than that seen in late pregnancy.
A Community Approach for Native American Drug and Alcohol Prevention Programs

Many Native American communities have made substantial commitments to the prevention of drug and alcohol use and abuse, particularly among their youth and families. Native American people have benefitted from the commitment of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (C.S.A.P.-formerly Office for Substance Abuse Prevention). This paper describes a "logic model" framework which has potential for planning, implementation. and evaluation of American Indian youth drug and alcohol prevention programs.
Patronage and Competing Visions of Virginia in George Chapman's The Memorable Masque (1613)

AbstractLike the discourses of the colonial enterprise circulating during the period in which it was commissioned, written, and produced, George Chapman's The Memorable Masque, which was written to celebrate the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and the Elector Palatine, registers the nation's conflicted and in many ways incoherent vision of the Jacobean Virginia enterprise. Three satellites of patronage, each with its own colonial investments and ideologies, are given voice: the sponsoring Inns of Court, whose organizers were prominent members of the Virginia Company; the court of the recently deceased Prince Henry, Chapman's patron and a Ralegh‐sympathizer who directed the early course of the marriage festivities; and the court of James I, who established the terms under which the Virginia Company of London operated. Each of the major segments of the entertainment—procession, antimasque, masque, and epithalamium—differently articulates the Virginia colonial project by drawing on the peculiar idioms of the s...
Developing Family Psychoeducational Treatments for Patients with Bipolar and Other Severe Psychiatric Disorders: A Pathway from Basic Research to Clinical Trials.

Developing family treatments for patients with severe and persistent psychiatric disorder begins at the basic research level, through identifying psychosocial variables that have prognostic significance. Treatment protocols informed by this basic research can then be designed, manualized, and piloted. Next, the efficacy of a new treatment is examined, first in a randomized trial and then, if successful, in a community effectiveness study. We describe this treatment development pathway in a population for whom family attributes have prognostic importance: patients with bipolar affective ddisorder. The methodological complexities of psychosocial treatment studies are many. Moreover, the results of these studies often reflect interactions between treatment, process, and outcome variables.
Local Heating in Nanoscale Conductors

We report first-principles calculations of local heating in nanoscale junctions formed by a single molecule and a gold point contact. Due to the lower current density and larger heat dissipation, the single molecule heats less than the gold point contact. We also find that, at zero temperature, threshold biases, Vonset, of about 6 mV and 11 mV for the molecule and the point contact, respectively, are required to excite the smallest vibrational mode and generate heat. The latter estimate is in very good agreement with recent experimental results on the same system. At a given external bias V below Vonset, heating becomes noticeable when the background temperature is on the order of approximately e(Vonset − V)/kB. Above Vonset, local heating increases dramatically with increasing bias, mainly due to excitation of longitudinal modes, but is also considerably suppressed by thermal dissipation into the electrodes, provided good thermal contacts exist between the nanostructure and the bulk electrodes.
Rum Scum Scoosh! Songs and Stories of an Aberdeen Childhood

Reviewed Medium: cd Authors: Stanley Robertson Year: 2006 Pages: Compact disc and 44 page booklet Publisher: Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen ISBN: EICD003-1 (hard cover).
The creep behavior of W-5 re

Polycrystalline W-5 wt pct Re was creep-tested in tension from 1500° to 1900°C at stresses from 2500 to 10,000 psi in a vacuum of 10−8 torr. The steady-state strain rate was directly proportional to stress to the 5.5 power, and the apparent activation energy for creep was 104 kcal per mole. Dislocation substructure that developed during high-temperature deformation was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The total dislocation density was dependent on stress to the 2.1 power and was insensitive to temperature and strain. No subgrains were found in creep tested specimens. The rate-controlling deformation mechanism was ascribed to dislocation climb where the governing diffusion process was dislocation core diffusion. Comparison of creep data for tungsten, W-5 wt pct Re, and W-25 wt pct Re showed that W-5 wt pct Re alloy has significantly better creep properties than the other two materials.
Linear potentials and galactic rotation curves - detailed fitting

We continue our study of the astrophysical implications of the linear potential $V(r)=-\beta c^2/r+\gamma c^2 r/2$ associated with fundamental gravitational sources in the conformal invariant fourth order theory of gravity which has recently been advanced by Mannheim and Kazanas as a candidate alternative to the standard second order Einstein theory. We provide fitting to the rotation curves of an extensive and diverse set of 11 spiral galaxies whose data are regarded as being particularly reliable. Without the assumption of the existence of any dark matter the model is found to fit the shapes of the rotation curves extremely well, but with a pattern of normalizations which proves to be very instructive.
Colonization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus Suppresses Mucosal IL-17 Production

Helminth exposure appears to protect hosts from inappropriate inflammatory responses, such as those causing inflammatory bowel disease. A recently identified, strongly proinflammatory limb of the immune response is characterized by T cell IL-17 production. Many autoimmune type inflammatory diseases are associated with IL-17 release. Because helminths protect from these diseases, we examined IL-17 production in helminth-colonized mice. We colonized mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus, an intestinal helminth, and analyzed IL-17 production by lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells. Colonization with H. polygyrus reduces IL-17A mRNA by MLN cells and inhibits IL-17 production by cultured LPMC and MLN cells. Helminth exposure augments IL-4 and IL-10 production. Blocking both IL-4 and IL-10, but not IL-10 alone, restores IL-17 production in vitro. Colonization of colitic IL-10-deficient mice with H. polygyrus suppresses LPMC IL-17 production and improves colitis. Ab-mediated blockade of IL-17 improves colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Thus, helminth-associated inhibition of IL-17 production is most likely an important mechanism mediating protection from inappropriate intestinal inflammation.
Dipole radiation in the presence of a phase conjugate mirror

Abstract The decay rate of a dipole in the presence of a phase conjugate mirror is shown to be independent of the distance of the dipole from the mirror and equal to (1-μ) times the decay rate in the absence of a mirror. Since reflection amplitude μ could be equal to unity, the theoretical possibility exists that a dipole in front of a phase conjugate mirror does not radiate.
Gelastic epilepsy and dysprosodia in a case of late-onset right frontal seizures

Gelastic epilepsy (GE) is an uncommon type of seizure disorder characterized by stereotyped, unprovoked, inappropriate ictal laughter. GE is most frequently associated with hypothalamic hamartoma, with onset almost invariably occurring during childhood. GE also occurs occasionally with temporal and frontal cortical seizure foci. We describe an unusual case of senescent-onset GE with a right frontal seizure focus. In addition to laughter, dysprosodia was a clinical feature. Clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of seizure activity ceased on levetiracetam, and the patient showed concurrent improvement in cognitive function. We review the evidence for the cerebral representation of laughter and prosody, and discuss issues bearing on the differential diagnosis and management of GE.
Basal oxygen consumption of hereditarily obese and diabetic mice.

PREVIOUS publications have described certain metabolic characteristics of a strain of mice (Obob) presenting a high proportion of hereditarily obese individuals. The obesity and associated abnormalities appears to be a simple Mendelian recessive trait. It has been shown (Mayer et al., 1951) that, when allowed a free choice of nutrients, obese individuals ate 25 per cent more calories than the non-obese siblings; the proportion of calories derived from fat, protein and carbohydrate differed markedly between obese and non-obese animals, with the obese selecting proportionately far less carbohydrate, less protein and almost twice as much fat than did the non-obese. The obese animals were found to exhibit diabetes mellitus (Mayer, Bates, and Dickie, 1951), with blood sugar levels of fed individuals ranging up to 350 mg. per cent; the glucosuria is of the order of 3 g. per cent. Furthermore, the obese animals present a striking insulin resistance, doses of 400 I.U. of insulin per Kg. leaving them unaffected.
Microfinishing quenched and tempered M42 tool steels

Improvements associated with the life of cutting tools used to machine M42 tool steel are discussed in this paper. To achieve this, experiments using a variety of tool coatings are conducted on quenched and tempered M42. The limitations of the study include the employment of a short-time tool wear method. The paper presents original information on the characteristics of dry machining M42 tool steels under finish machining conditions.
Technical Note-Dynamic Generalized Upper Bounding

We develop a factored basis inverse for linear programming problems with generalized upper bound GUB constraints. The method allows both +1's and -1's in inequality GUB constraints. We then present a dynamic factorization GUB algorithm that seeks to reduce the size of the working inverse. Finally, a comparison of algorithms used to locate GUB structures is mentioned.
Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of Usher Syndrome

Usher Syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital deafness and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), can be classified into three distinct clinical syndromes called types I, II and III. At least seven genes are responsible for Usher type I, three genes have been localized in Usher II families, and one gene has been identified for Usher type III. Three subtypes of Usher syndrome have been characterized fully enough to permit an assessment of their phenotypic heterogeneity. Usher Ib presents with a surprisingly consistent clinical picture of profound hearing loss, severe vestibular disturbance and early onset RP. Usher type IIa also presents with a fairly specific phenotype, although the occasional progressive hearing loss can make it difficult to distinguish from Usher type III. Usher type Id, in contrast, shows considerable phenotypic range: CDH23 mutations are found in patients with congenital progressive non-syndromic recessive deafness, an Usher type II and III phenotype, atypical mild U...
The Glomuvenous Malformation Protein Glomulin Binds Rbx1 and Regulates Cullin RING Ligase-Mediated Turnover of Fbw7

Fbw7, a substrate receptor for Cul1-RING-ligase (CRL1), facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of several proteins, including Cyclin E and c-Myc. In spite of much effort, the mechanisms underlying Fbw7 regulation are mostly unknown. Here, we show that Glomulin (Glmn), a protein found mutated in the vascular disorder glomuvenous malformation (GVM), binds directly to the RING domain of Rbx1 and inhibits its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Loss of Glmn in a variety of cells, tissues, and GVM lesions results in decreased levels of Fbw7 and increased levels of Cyclin E and c-Myc. The increased turnover of Fbw7 is dependent on CRL and proteasome activity, indicating that Glmn modulates the E3 activity of CRL1(Fbw7). These data reveal an unexpected functional connection between Glmn and Rbx1 and demonstrate that defective regulation of Fbw7 levels contributes to GVM.
Critical amino acids in Escherichia coli UmuC responsible for sugar discrimination and base-substitution fidelity

The active form of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase V responsible for damage-induced mutagenesis is a multiprotein complex (UmuD′2C-RecA-ATP), called pol V Mut. Optimal activity of pol V Mut in vitro is observed on an SSB-coated single-stranded circular DNA template in the presence of the β/γ complex and a transactivated RecA nucleoprotein filament, RecA*. Remarkably, under these conditions, wild-type pol V Mut efficiently incorporates ribonucleotides into DNA. A Y11A substitution in the ‘steric gate’ of UmuC further reduces pol V sugar selectivity and converts pol V Mut into a primer-dependent RNA polymerase that is capable of synthesizing long RNAs with a processivity comparable to that of DNA synthesis. Despite such properties, Y11A only promotes low levels of spontaneous mutagenesis in vivo. While the Y11F substitution has a minimal effect on sugar selectivity, it results in an increase in spontaneous mutagenesis. In comparison, an F10L substitution increases sugar selectivity and the overall fidelity of pol V Mut. Molecular modeling analysis reveals that the branched side-chain of L10 impinges on the benzene ring of Y11 so as to constrict its movement and as a consequence, firmly closes the steric gate, which in wild-type enzyme fails to guard against ribonucleoside triphosphates incorporation with sufficient stringency.