cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wave evolution on electrified falling films

The nonlinear stability of falling film flow down an inclined flat plane is investigated when an electric field acts normal to the plane. A systematic asymptotic expansion is used to derive a fully nonlinear long-wave model equation for the scaled interface, where higher-order terms must be retained to make the long-wave approximation valid for long times. The effect of the electric field is to introduce a non-local term which comes from the potential region above the liquid film. This term is always linearly destabilizing and produces growth rates proportional to the cubic power of the wavenumber – surface tension is included and provides a short wavelength cutoff. Even in the absence of an electric field, the fully nonlinear equation can produce singular solutions after a finite time. This difficulty is avoided at smaller amplitudes where the weakly nonlinear evolution is governed by an extension of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. This equation has solutions which exist for all time and allows for a complete study of the nonlinear behaviour of competing physical mechanisms: long-wave instability above a critical Reynolds number, short-wave damping due to surface tension and intermediate growth due to the electric field. Through a combination of analysis and extensive numerical experiments, we find parameter ranges that support non-uniform travelling waves, time-periodic travelling waves and complex nonlinear dynamics including chaotic interfacial oscillations. It is established that a sufficiently high electric field will drive the system to chaotic oscillations, even when the Reynolds number is smaller than the critical value below which the non-electrified problem is linearly stable. A particular case of this is Stokes flow.
Polar and steric effects in reverse osmosis

The effects of polar parameter Σσ* and steric parameter ΣEs on reverse osmosis separations of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and ethers (noncyclic) in aqueous solutions involving single solute systems and porous cellulose acetate membranes are discussed. The least-squares and multiple-regression analyses of solute transport parameter data show that the separation of aldehydes, just as that of alcohols, is predominantly a function of Σσ*, and that of ethers is predominantly a function of ΣEs, whereas that of ketones is best represented as a function of both Σσ* and ΣEs. The results also indicate that even where water is preferentially sorbed at the membrane solution interface, solute separation in reverse osmosis is affected by the nonpolar character of the solute molecule. A general expression for solute transport parameter in reverse osmosis is presented for further study.
Light Photinos and Supersymmetric Dark Matter

There are two fundamental reasons for believing that nature is supersymmetric. The first reason is that supersymmetry can rescue the standard electroweak model from the embarrassment of finely tuned coupling constants. The standard electroweak model employs fundamental scalars, usually refereed to as “Higgs” scalars, to break the gauge symmetry spontaneously. But scalar particles have very bad ultraviolet behavior, which has the effect of dragging the electroweak Higgs mass up to the mass scale of any encompassing theory, such as a grand-unified theory. Thus, unless coupling constants are very finely tuned or some other dynamics enters the picture, light scalar masses (of order the electroweak scale) would not be possible. Supersymmetry (Susy) is an example of “some other dynamics.” Because of the relative factor of −1 between fermionic and bosonic loops, the addition of fermionic loops can mitigate the bad ultraviolet behavior of scalar loops. The way to realize this possibility is if for every boson there is a corresponding fermion appearing in the calculation of the quantum corrections to the Higgs mass.
Performance analysis of time-multiplexed services for UMTS W-CDMA reverse link

In UMTS W-CDMA systems, it is possible to offer multiplexed services such as voice, data, and video simultaneously on one physical connection. Several issues such as the QoS requirement for each service, algorithmic complexity, hardware limitations, and performance of the overall system must be considered. In this paper, we investigate some of these issues and present link-level performance for multiplexed services on the reverse-link of an UMTS W-CDMA system. We show that because of an increase in the peak-to-average power ratio when different services are code-multiplexed onto the same physical channel, multiplexed services for UMTS may have to be offered via the time-multiplexing approach. Next, we illustrate how rate matching can be used to satisfy the quality of service requirements for all services. In our results, we illustrate how the rate matching attributes can be selected to satisfy the QoS requirements of 1% speech frame error rate, 10% data frame error rate, and 0.1% video frame error rate. The selection of good rate matching attributes, however, is dependent on many factors such as service rates, channel conditions, and desired error rates. As a result, under some circumstances, excessive transmission power may be required in order to meet the minimum QoS requirements. Next, the performance of the system under compressed mode, where certain frames are compressed in time to allow inter-frequency measurements or handover to other systems, is considered. It is shown that the degradation due to compressed mode is minimal (less than 0.5 dB), and hence compressed mode can safely be used in conjunction with multiplexed services.
Using Resource-Limited Nash Memory to Improve an Othello Evaluation Function

Finding the best strategy for winning a game using self-play or coevolution can be hindered by intransitivity among strategies and a changing fitness landscape. Nash Memory has been proposed as an archive for coevolution, to counter intransitivity and provide a more consistent fitness landscape. A lack of bounds on archive size might impede its use in a large, complex domain, such as the game of Othello, with strategies described by n -tuple networks. This paper demonstrates that even with a bounded-size archive, an evolving population can continue to show progress past the point where self-play no longer can. Characteristics of Nash equilibria are shown to be valuable in the measurement of performance. In addition, a technique for automated selection of features is demonstrated for the n-tuple networks.
The development of an augmentation endodontic-endosseous implant and a technique for its use: A postoperative evaluation

Abstract The endosseous-endodontic implant technique has important periodontal and prosthodontic considerations. Since all the teeth treated in the study were condemned because of advanced periodontoclasia, retention of the roots required periodontal therapy. Reduction of local irritating factors must precede surgery, and osseous recontouring is accomplished during the implant surgical procedure. Certainly prosthetic dentistry is concerned with the retention of a prosthesis and the achievement of optimum function under existing biomechanical limitations. The augmentation of root support addresses this concern. An additional consideration in the retention of roots otherwise condemned is the preservation of alveolar bone to maintain ridge integrity. Finally, in the saving of a root to serve as an abutment, there is the preservation of the sensory receptors in the periodontal ligament. Thus, a more exquisite sensory feedback mechanism for prosthesis function is permitted. The endodontic-endosseous implant serves as a retention device while allowing for continued proprioception. This type of feedback is invaluable in determining positional awareness in the use of a denture.
Are the Activities of the Internal Audit Function Associated with Audit Committee Quality Factors

This study examines the association between the characteristics of the audit committee and the characteristics of the internal auditing function in public companies in Turkey. The motivation for this study stems from the important impact that effective internal auditing has on corporate governance and the limited academic literature and regulatory guidelines that explore the relationship between internal audit work and audit committee characteristics in Turkish companies. We examine the association between the size and activities of an internal audit function and audit committee quality factors, including its membership characteristics and its relationship with the IAF. The results suggest that the independence of the audit committee and audit committee experience in financial executive levels are relative to the amount of time spent on risk management.
Age and sex differences in kidney microRNA expression during the life span of F344 rats

Background Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation may play a role in susceptibilities to specific toxicities and adverse drug reactions. MiRNAs in particular have been shown to be important regulators in cancer and other diseases and show promise as predictive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we characterized the global kidney miRNA expression profile in untreated male and female F344 rats throughout the life span. These findings were correlated with sex-specific susceptibilities to adverse renal events, such as male-biased renal fibrosis and inflammation in old age.
Neural Mechanisms of Tactile Perception

In this chapter, we first give a detailed description of the mechanoreceptive afferents that innervate the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints, and review the ascending and central cortical pathways that process the somatosensory inputs. We then discuss our current understanding of the neural mechanisms of two-dimensional spatial form processing, texture, vibration, tactile motion, and three-dimensional shape processing. We show that in the afferents there is an isomorphic representation of the surface. In the first somatosensory cortex the inputs are transformed to an altered representation with neurons having orientation, motion, and texture specific responses. The responses become more nonlinear as they progress centrally. The evidence suggests that while similar neural mechanisms are used in touch and vision for processing local spatial features, the neural mechanisms for processing global features of object size and shape are unique to the somatosensory system and involve the integration of cutaneous and proprioceptive inputs that provide information about where the cutaneous inputs are located in three-dimensional space. We also discuss the neural mechanisms of tactile selective attention and show that attention modifies not only the firing rate but also the degree of synchronous firing between neurons. Keywords: somatosensory; tactile; proprioception; receptive fields; selective attention
Hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate as a cyanide antidote

Abstract Severe, acute cyanide poisoning is uncommon and can be very difficult to diagnose if a history of exposure is unavailable. Victims of smoke inhalation may have significant cyanide poisoning as well as carbon monoxide toxicity. The Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit ® currently available in America unfortunately has its own inherent toxicity. An efficacious antidote lacking toxicity is desirable, especially in cases where the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning cannot be made with certainty. Hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate has been used in France since 1970. Both components have been shown to be safe and efficacious in animal studies. Case reports of human cyanide poisoning treated with hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate have been published only in French. Animal and human data on the use of this antidotal combination are reviewed. Hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate is an efficacious cyanide antidote with little inherent toxicity.
Third Party Funding in Domestic Arbitration: Champerty or Social Utility?

There are costs — sometimes substantial ones — attendant to any judicial or alternative dispute resolution process. How then can parties with meritorious claims, but shallow pockets, still utilize arbitration? One answer is third party funding. Third party funding occurs when an individual or institutional lender agrees to pay a litigant’s legal costs and fees in exchange for a share of the judgment. Lawyers and their clients have engaged in one form of third party funding, the contingency fee, for over a century. The prevalence of third party funding in domestic arbitration is uncertain. However, its pervasiveness in litigation and international arbitration strongly suggests it will soon carry over to domestic arbitration (if it has not already).Commentators disagree over whether third party funding should be decried as champerty or lauded as a social utility. Proponents argue that it increases access to justice, spreads the financial risks of arbitration, equalizes bargaining power of claimants and respondents, filters out meritless claims, and enables clients to benefit from the lender’s human capital. But critics maintain that third party funding constitutes champerty and leads to a host of ethical issues such as conflicts of interest, breaches of confidentiality, and the undercutting of client control over the claim. This article contends that third party funding should be permitted in domestic arbitration. Part II discusses the origins and development of champerty, including its role in U.S. litigation and international arbitration. Part III lays out the benefits and detriments of allowing champertous contracts in domestic arbitration. Part IV argues that third party funding should be permitted in domestic arbitration because it advances public policy and will not give rise to the parade of ethical horribles suggested by critics. Part V concludes the article.
A phase I dose escalation study of pemetrexed in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC)

6055 Background: Despite recent advances in therapy, patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC continue to demonstrate a poor median survival. In these pts, early trials with pemetrexed, a ...
Cytogenetic and Sequence Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA Insertions in Nuclear Chromosomes of Maize

The transfer of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into nuclear genomes is a regularly occurring process that has been observed in many species. Few studies, however, have focused on the variation of nuclear-mtDNA sequences (NUMTs) within a species. This study examined mtDNA insertions within chromosomes of a diverse set of Zea mays ssp. mays (maize) inbred lines by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization. A relatively large NUMT on the long arm of chromosome 9 (9L) was identified at approximately the same position in four inbred lines (B73, M825, HP301, and Oh7B). Further examination of the similarly positioned 9L NUMT in two lines, B73 and M825, indicated that the large size of these sites is due to the presence of a majority of the mitochondrial genome; however, only portions of this NUMT (~252 kb total) were found in the publically available B73 nuclear sequence for chromosome 9. Fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis estimated the size of the B73 9L NUMT to be ~1.8 Mb and revealed that the NUMT is methylated. Two regions of mtDNA (2.4 kb and 3.3 kb) within the 9L NUMT are not present in the B73 mitochondrial NB genome; however, these 2.4-kb and 3.3-kb segments are present in other Zea mitochondrial genomes, including that of Zea mays ssp. parviglumis, a progenitor of domesticated maize.
Supplier Innovation Strategy: Transactional Hazards and Innovation in the Automotive Supply Chain

Over the last few decades, innovation has doubled automobile performance at a time when outsourcing has increased. But outsourcing is subject to well-known contracting hazards that would also afflict outsourcing for innovation. In this paper, we examine how supplier firms generate innovation in the presence of such hazards, using a recent survey of the US automotive supply chain that contains new measures of innovative activity. Taking the supplier perspective on the traditionally buyer-framed make-or-buy problem pays surprising dividends. First, we identify three supplier innovation strategies — distinct combinations of various innovative activities. Next, we find evidence that each strategy represents a response to the transactional hazards associated with innovating in this environment. Finally, the coexistence of heterogeneous supplier strategies enhances our understanding of the buyer’s make-or-buy problem, providing a more complex picture of the various approaches to transactional hazards that buyers employ simultaneously.
Urodynamic and physiologic patterns associated with the common causes of neurogenic bladder in adults

The clinical presentation of the neurogenic bladder can be as vast as the pathologic causes however urodynamics (UDS) can help guide clinical decision-making and help simplify a complex disease state. UDS may be considered as the gold standard in helping to break down complex and multifactorial voiding dysfunction into manageable goals; these include protecting the upper tracts, limiting urinary tract infections (UTI) via avoiding urinary stasis, and maintaining quality of life. Included within are examples of normal to pathologic tracings including normal filling and voiding, detrusor sphincteric coordination, changes in compliance, etc. Additionally we have provided expected UDS findings based on neurogenic disease process, including but not limited to, Parkinson’s, dementia, multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury based on lesion location. Pattern recognition and understanding of UDS can help lead to quality of life improvements and optimal management for the patient with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
The German Reichstag Elections of July 31, 1932.

Republican Germany elected its sixth Reichstag under the "Weimar constitution on July 31. The largest vote ever cast for a Reichstag membership was recorded at this electionâ€”about thirty-eight million people, or 83.2 per cent of the qualified voters, casting ballots. Despite the predictions of disorder, and even violent revolution, the election day was quiet and orderly. Thousands of Germans, taking advantage of the liberal absentee voting law, voted at pleasure resorts where they had gone to spend the week-end. A certificate from the home precinct enables a German citizen to vote anywhere in the Reich. In the cities, voters waited in long lines at the polling places; but there was no congestion, for the actual voting took but a fraction of a minute and the whole voting procedure was well systematized.
A Comparative Study of the Electrochemical Characteristics of [Emim+][BF4−] and [Bmim+][BF4−] Ionic Liquids at the Surfaces of Carbon Nanotube and Glassy Carbon Electrodes

The electrochemical interfaces of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode and a carbon nanotube (CNT) paper electrode have been studied in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EmimBF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4) ionic liquids (ILs) using direct current (DC) cyclic voltammetry (CV) and alternating current (AC) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These four electrode/electrolyte combinations serve as representative models of the relatively unconventional, spatially inhomogeneous IL−carbon interfaces that are potentially useful for electrochemical energy-storage/conversion devices. The present work explores in detail the double-layer capacitances as well as other essential electrochemical features of these interfaces. The voltage-dependent double-layer capacitances, and the interfacial charge transfer resistances have been determined within the nonfaradaic windows of these systems, independently, by using CV and EIS. The results of the DC and AC measurements have b...
A novel mouse running wheel that senses individual limb forces: biomechanical validation and in vivo testing

Biomechanical data provide fundamental information about changes in musculoskeletal function during development, adaptation, and disease. To facilitate the study of mouse locomotor biomechanics, we modified a standard mouse running wheel to include a force-sensitive rung capable of measuring the normal and tangential forces applied by individual paws. Force data were collected throughout the night using an automated threshold trigger algorithm that synchronized force data with wheel-angle data and a high-speed infrared video file. During the first night of wheel running, mice reached consistent running speeds within the first 40 force events, indicating a rapid habituation to wheel running, given that mice generated >2,000 force-event files/night. Average running speeds and peak normal and tangential forces were consistent throughout the first four nights of running, indicating that one night of running is sufficient to characterize the locomotor biomechanics of healthy mice. Twelve weeks of wheel running significantly increased spontaneous wheel-running speeds (16 vs. 37 m/min), lowered duty factors (ratio of foot-ground contact time to stride time; 0.71 vs. 0.58), and raised hindlimb peak normal forces (93 vs. 115% body wt) compared with inexperienced mice. Peak normal hindlimb-force magnitudes were the primary force component, which were nearly tenfold greater than peak tangential forces. Peak normal hindlimb forces exceed the vertical forces generated during overground running (50-60% body wt), suggesting that wheel running shifts weight support toward the hindlimbs. This force-instrumented running-wheel system provides a comprehensive, noninvasive screening method for monitoring gait biomechanics in mice during spontaneous locomotion.
What is the role of neuromuscular blocking drugs in ambulatory anesthesia

PURPOSE OF REVIEW During ambulatory anesthesia, muscle relaxants should be used judiciously because of their impact on operating room efficiency and the potential for morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS Short-acting and low doses of medium-acting muscle relaxants are appropriate for the typically short period of anesthesia required in ambulatory settings, but they are not necessarily indicated. Their adverse effects range from annoying to lethal. Even when the effects are relatively benign, delays may reduce efficiency. Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can often safely be accomplished with opioids and propofol, or with topical anesthesia. Procedures such as laparoscopic cholecystectomies can safely be performed with anesthesia via a laryngeal mask airway; with other procedures, a regional technique or monitored anesthesia care is satisfactory. New agents may improve upon currently available muscle relaxants in terms of rapid onset, short duration, and minimal adverse effects. SUMMARY Anesthetic and surgical needs should dictate the use of muscle relaxants, and alternatives to their use should be considered.
Progression of Alignment in Thin Films of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymers upon Shearing

Application of shear stress at the surface of a block copolymer thin film has been shown to substantially orient the microdomains in the direction of the applied shear. The present work systematically examines the influence of key material, film, and process parameters on this alignment behavior using a series of cylinder-forming polystyrene–poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) copolymers. A parallel plate rheometer applies a radially dependent stress gradient to the film’s surface through a viscous nonsolvent overlayer. The degree of alignment is assessed using atomic force microscopy and examined as a function of the applied stress. To quantitatively compare the alignment process across different block copolymer films, a melting–recrystallization model is fit to the data, which allows for the determination of two key alignment parameters: the critical stress needed for alignment and an orientation rate constant. For films containing a monolayer of cylindrical domains, as polystyrene weight fraction or overall mol...
Transfection of neuronal cultures.

Efficient transfection of genes into the neurons is a crucial step for the study of neuronal cell biology and functions. These include but not limited to investigating gene function by overexpression of target proteins via expression plasmids and knocking down the expression levels of neuronal genes by RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, reporter gene constructs are widely used to investigate the promoter activities of neuronal genes. Numerous transfection techniques have been established to deliver genes into the cells. However, efficient transfection of postmitotic cells, including neurons, still remains a challenging task. Here, we overview the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques for the transfection of primary neurons, and provide an optimized protocol for FuGENE-6 (Promega) which allows for a suitable transfection efficiency of primary neuronal cultures.
Presynaptic CamKII regulates activity-dependent axon terminal growth

Spaced synaptic depolarization induces rapid axon terminal growth and the formation of new synaptic boutons at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we identify a novel presynaptic function for the Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II (CamKII) protein in the control of activity-dependent synaptic growth. Consistent with this function, we find that both total and phosphorylated CamKII (p-CamKII) are enriched in axon terminals. Interestingly, p-CamKII appears to be enriched at the presynaptic axon terminal membrane. Moreover, levels of total CamKII protein within presynaptic boutons globally increase within one hour following stimulation. These effects correlate with the activity-dependent formation of new presynaptic boutons. The increase in presynaptic CamKII levels is inhibited by treatment with cyclohexamide suggesting a protein-synthesis dependent mechanism. We have previously found that acute spaced stimulation rapidly downregulates levels of neuronal microRNAs (miRNAs) that are required for the control of activity-dependent axon terminal growth at this synapse. The rapid activity-dependent accumulation of CamKII protein within axon terminals is inhibited by overexpression of activity-regulated miR-289 in motor neurons. Experiments in vitro using a CamKII translational reporter show that miR-289 can directly repress the translation of CamKII via a sequence motif found within the CamKII 3' untranslated region (UTR). Collectively, our studies support the idea that presynaptic CamKII acts downstream of synaptic stimulation and the miRNA pathway to control rapid activity-dependent changes in synapse structure.
Water Resource Systems Planning in U.S.A.:1776-1976

Some historical aspects of water resource development and use covering the nation's first 200 yr were examined to determine at what points in history the systems method of analysis was used in water resource planning. The systems method was found to apply to cases where clear single objectives directed planning. In situations where the systems view was not taken less than satisfactory systems resulted. Examples considered include: canals and waterborne transportation, water supply to New York City, the Miami Conservancy District, TVA, and Irrigated Agriculture. The systems approach was followed both in the Miami Conservancy District and TVA within the limits of the analysis techniques available. Areas of potential application of systems analysis tools and techniques in the near-term future (urban water resources management, operation of multipurpose facilities, and water resource allocation) are examined to illustrate the need for the use of systems analysis tools for handling complex constrained systems.
Optimal transport to cold chain in perishable hand-picked agriculture.

We develop and analyze a model for scheduling transport for perishable products. Once the harvest is picked, its quality starts to deteriorate, eventually having no value. In hand-picked crops, the rate of picking often varies during the day. One would like to transport the harvest to a cooling station (cold chain), but to do so according to an optimal policy. This optimal policy should reflect a trade-off between the loss of quality and the rate of harvest, and the fact that only a finite number of transports can be scheduled. We model the harvest and loss of quality and arrive at a computationally solvable optimization problem.
Aryne formation via the hexadehydro Diels-Alder reaction and their Ritter-type transformations catalyzed by a cationic silver complex

Despite their electrophilic nature, arynes are not known to react with nitriles under typical conditions for their formation. We demonstrated, however, that structurally diverse arynes could be generated via the hexadehydro Diels-Alder reaction and trapped with nitriles to induce the Ritter-type reaction when catalyzed by a cationic silver species. Presumably, under these conditions, the transiently formed aryne-silver complexes react with nitriles initially to form nitrilium ion intermediates, which then subsequently react with either water or carboxylic acid to yield the observed arylamides or arylimides.
Nature, Revelation, and Grace in Psalm 19: Towards a Theological Reading of Scripture

Does biblical criticism have anything to contribute to a theologically engaged study of Scripture? The answer implicitly provided by many scholars, both within the guild of modern biblical scholarship and outside it, is clear: The biblical critic's findings are irrelevant to constructive projects. These findings may be the product of intensive philological, comparative, and historical work, but they are no more connected to the tasks of the modern thinker than artifacts dug up by an archaeologist. Indeed (some theologically and literarily minded readers assume), biblical critics often produce work that impedes an interpreter who is oriented towards larger ideas. Those ideas, after all, emerge from textual wholes that are subtle, creative, and innovative, while biblical critics (these readers believe) have a penchant for dismembering texts or reducing them to hackneyed representatives of types of thinking or textual genres found elsewhere in the ancient Near East. As a result, not a few theologians and philosophers who attend to the Bible shun the work of biblical critics.
Health Sciences Patrons Use Electronic Books More than Print Books

A Review of: Li, J. (2016). Is it cost-effective to purchase print books when the equivalent e-book is available? Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 16(1), 40-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15323269.2016.1118288 Abstract Objective – To compare use of books held simultaneously in print and electronic formats. Design – Case study. Setting – A health sciences library at a public comprehensive university with a medical college in the southern United States. Subjects – Usage data for 60 books held by the library simultaneously in print and electronically. The titles were on standing order in print and considered “core” texts for clinical, instructional, or reference for health sciences faculty, students, and medical residents. Methods – Researchers collected usage data for 60 print titles from the integrated library system and compared the data to COUNTER reports for electronic versions of the same titles, for the period spanning 2010-2014. Main Results – Overall, the 60 e-book titles were used more than the print versions, with the electronic versions used a total of 370,695 times while the print versions were used 93 times during the time period being examined. Conclusion – The use of electronic books outnumbers the use of print books of the same title.
TV constrained CT image reconstruction with discretized natural pixels

In this work we perform a preliminary investigation of a discretized natural pixel expansion set for image representation in optimization-based image reconstruction for X-ray computed tomography. In particular, we focus our attention on total variation regularized image reconstruction in pixel and discrete natural pixel expansion sets. The work is motivated by two observations: (1) under certain conditions, total variation regularization in a pixel basis has been seen to introduce an undesirable patchy texture in reconstructed images, and (2) use of different expansion sets has been demonstrated to have a significant effect on image texture. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of sparse-view reconstruction with total variation regularization in the discretized natural pixel expansion set and indicate that the expansion set has the potential to yield images with texture more similar to filtered back projection than a square pixel basis.
Infections in the Geriatric Person Following Trauma

Geriatric trauma patients are at increased risk of infections due to preexisting comorbidities as well as immunosenescence. Atypical presentations of infection should be anticipated. Care must be used in medication dosing due to decreased renal and hepatic clearance, hypoalbuminemia, and interactions with chronic medications. Hospital-acquired infections lead to substantial increases in cost, length of stay, and mortality, but can be reduced by the dedicated use of bundles.
Rationalizing Cooperation: Moroccan Craft, Politics, and Education

State attempts to rationalize Moroccan craft education reflect the ambivalent status of traditional knowledge in a modern economy. Female artisans, recently organized as a cooperative, navigate this ambivalence in a weaving “theory” class and in their “occupation” of the cooperative structure itself. During performances of learning and cooperation, weavers fulfill the terms of the state's policies and their roles as “economic citizens,” while accomplishing local modes of belonging and the management of social relations.
Task Fusion Heuristics for Coalition Formation and Planning

Automating planning for large teams of heterogeneous robots is a growing challenge. The planning literature incorporates expressive features, but examples that scale to multiple robots in complex domains are limited and fail to generate feasible plans. The Coalition Formation then Planning framework accelerates planning by decomposing the robots into coalitions, allocating tasks to each coalition, and planning each task separately. However, the task decomposition limits cooperation between coalitions and results in many nonexecutable plans. The presented Task Fusion heuristics fuse coalition-task pairs, resulting in higher success rates by leveraging relaxed plans to estimate couplings between tasks and determine the coalition-task pairs to be fused. The heuristics are compared to baseline methods across randomly generated problems that incorporate temporal and continuous constraints.
From Academia to the Mainstream - Food has Many Colors

Within the past couple of years, conversations about the agricultural industry and determining what is fair for consumers along with farmworkers has entered public discourse because of items such as the Farm Bill. These movements discuss monetary hardships and creating sustainable food systems, but what is lacking from the conversation is the issue of race, culture, and space in determining how to support farmers and feed America. In Cultivating Food Justice, editors Alison Hope Alkon and Julian Agyeman compile work from numerous researchers that analyzes and challenges current food systems that enable social inequalities from producer to consumer.
DISLOCATION DENSITY VARIATION IN SHOCKED SINGLE CRYSTAL AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE

Single crystal AP has been shocked at 24.4 kbar while immersed in mineral oil. The crystal remained intact, however, was nonuniformly “cloudy” in appearance due to the generation of defects (dislocations). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Cl(2p3/2) linewidths with respect to position in the shocked ammonium perchlorate (AP) crystal have been found to correlate with the extent of damage induced by shock loading. A width of 1.58 eV was obtained from the Cl(2p3/2) photopeak in the area of greatest damage, compared to 1.22 eV for control AP. A Vickers hardness impression made prior to shocking was found to concentrate the formation of dislocations. Production of up to 9.5% chlorate [Cl, (+5)], as a partial decomposition product, was detected in the vicinity of the impression.
Sites of Care for Older Adults

Upon completion of the chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Weigh the likelihood of benefit and harm when deciding whether to hospitalize an older adult. 2. Anticipate hazards of hospitalization for older adults and take measures to prevent them. 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different sites for post-acute care with patients and families. 4. Understand the mechanisms for provision of long-term care in the United States and how they are financed. 5. Optimize continuity of care during patient relocation.
Homoleptic Platinum Azo-iminate Complexes via Hydrogenative Cleavage of Formazans

Homoleptic platinum azo-iminate complexes are formed when triarylformazans are treated with Pt(DMSO)2Cl2 under reducing conditions. The transformation represents a three-proton, three-electron reduction of each formazan and offers a new route for accessing this class of redox-active ligands. The reaction is general for triarylformazans with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, and four complexes in total are described. X-ray crystal structures of all four complexes are presented and are consistent with an electronic structure consisting of a formal Pt(II) center, where each azo-iminate is in a monoanionic radical form and contributes five π electrons. The complexes are all diamagnetic, indicating delocalization of the π system over both ligands. The complexes are further characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which shows multiple ligand-centered redox events, including proton-coupled oxidation waves. UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry provides further insight into the nature of the redo...
Radiology Nursing in the Management of the Acute Stroke Patient: Beyond Emergency Revascularization

Abstract Endovascular therapy is now the first-line treatment for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusions. As an important part of the neurovascular triad (radiology, neurology, and neurosurgery), nurses within the specialty of radiology play in important role in emergency revascularization. However, the role of nursing in acute stroke extends beyond timely recanalization, well into the convalescent phase. The purpose of our study was to explore the other important aspects of clinical care performed by diagnostic and interventional radiology nurses in acute stroke. After Institutional Review Board approval, imaging and clinical records of 100 consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary-care center with acute stroke and a large vessel occlusion were reviewed. Hospitalization records were examined for the type and number of interventional radiology-related non-neurovascular procedures performed in this patient population. Non-neurovascular interventional radiology-related procedures were performed in over 40% of patients, most commonly gastrostomy tube placement, IVC filter placement, and peripherally inserted central catheter placement. 28 gastrostomy tubes, 10 IVC filters, and 10 peripherally inserted central catheter lines were placed. The average age of IVC filter placement was 60 years, with a range of 45 to 81 years. Radiology nurses have an important role to play in the management of acute stroke patients, even after patients have undergone revascularization. Educating clinical colleagues and patients about radiology nursing-related services in acute stroke can advance the field of radiology nursing and other advanced practitioners while improving the care of the large number of patients afflicted by acute stroke.
Investor Horizon and Limits of Arbitrage: Evidence from Private Equity Funds

This paper explores the sector exposure of private equity funds throughout their life cycle. In a large sample of private equity investments, funds with a shorter investment horizon appear to divest earlier, match with funds with shorter horizon in club-deal and invest in less undervalued sectors which experience lower subsequent excess returns than funds with a longer investment horizon. This paper provides evidence that short horizon may be a limit to private equity funds ability to provide liquidity to relatively more undervalued sectors, consistent with models of limits of arbitrage.
Iterative reconstruction with attenuation compensation from cone-beam projections acquired via non-planar orbit

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with cone-beam collimators provides improved sensitivity and spatial resolution for imaging small objects with large field-of-view detectors. It is known that Tuy's (1983) cone-beam data sufficiency condition must be met in order to obtain artifact-free reconstructions. Even though Tuy's condition was derived for attenuation-free situation, the authors hypothesize that an artifact-free reconstruction can be obtained even if the cone-beam data are attenuated, provided the imaging orbit satisfies Tuy's condition and the exact attenuation map. In the authors' studies, emission data are acquired using nonplanar orbit such as circle-and-line orbit to acquire sufficient data for cone-beam tomographic reconstruction. An iterative conjugate gradient reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct projection data with a pre-acquired attenuation map. Quantitative accuracy of the attenuation corrected emission reconstruction is significantly improved. The authors observe that the cone-beam iterative algorithms are very sensitive to the projection and backprojection models, because each voxel is sampled anisotropically. Sampling artifacts (i.e., aliasing artifacts) sometimes are very severe for non-planar orbit data acquisition geometries. Better voxel models and sampling geometries are required in further investigations.
Editorial: Parent-Based Treatment for Childhood Anxiety.

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric illnesses in childhood and adolescence.1 The mainstays of treatment for childhood anxiety disorders are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medications.2 Both of these treatments focus primarily on the child. However, parents and families often play a major role in the reinforcement of anxiety disorders through accommodations that may adversely affect the child's development.3 Examples of such accommodations include keeping a child with separation anxiety disorder home from school, permitting a child with social anxiety disorder to avoid social events, or providing undue reassurance for a child with generalized anxiety disorder. The article by Lebowitz et al.4 in this issue of the Journal evaluates a parent-focused treatment for childhood anxiety disorders and establishes its efficacy as equivalent to that of CBT.
Built-in self-test and self-calibration for analog and mixed signal circuits

Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are one of the most important components in modern electronic systems. In the mission-critical applications such as automotive, the reliability of the ADC is critical as the ADC impacts the system level performance. Due to the aging effect and environmental changes, the performance of the ADC may degrade and even fail to meet the accuracy requirement over time. Built-in self-test (BIST) and self-calibration are becoming the ultimate solution to achieve lifetime reliability. In this paper, two ADC testing algorithms and two ADC BIST circuit implementations are developed and validated.
Coping with discrimination: The insidious effects of gender minority stigma on depression and anxiety in transgender individuals

Objectives We examined types of discrimination encountered by transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and the associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of coping responses. Method This online study included 695 TGD individuals ages 16 years and over (M = 25.52; standard deviation = 9.68). Results Most participants (76.1%) reported discrimination over the past year. Greater exposure to discrimination was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. These associations were mediated by coping via detachment and via internalization, although a direct effect remained. Conclusions Many TGD people will encounter discrimination and this is associated with greater psychological distress. Engagement in the internalization of blame or detachment partially explains the association between discrimination and mental health issues. These findings elucidate possible avenues for interventions to bolster adaptive coping responses for TGD people and highlight that actions to decrease discrimination are urgently needed.
PCAViz: An Open-Source Python/JavaScript Toolkit for Visualizing Molecular Dynamics Simulations in the Web Browser

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal molecular motions at atomic resolution. Recent advances in high-performance computing now enable microsecond-long simulations capable of sampling a wide r...
Advances and Update on Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a procedure that has been increasingly utilized since its inception over 20 years ago. The purpose of this review is to present the most up to date practice and advances to the RTSA literature from the last 5 years. Recent literature on RTSA has focused on identifying complications, maximizing outcomes, and determining its cost-effectiveness. RTSA has become a valuable tool in the treatment of various shoulder pathologies from fractures to massive-irreparable rotator cuff tears. Maximizing outcomes, proper patient counseling, and limiting complications are vital to a successful procedure. RTSA can be a difficult procedure; however, when utilized appropriately, it can be an invaluable tool in the orthopedic surgeon’s armament. Recent evidence suggests, more and more, that RTSA not only provides value to the patient, but it is also cost-effective.
Proteinarium: Multi-Sample Protein-Protein Interaction Visualization and Analysis Tool

Abstract Data visualization has become very crucial in the post genomic era where the accumulation of genomic information is mounting exponentially. Visualizing protein interactions in the context of the interactome is an essential application, especially in association with disease phenotypes. Here, we describe Proteinarium, a multi-sample protein-protein interaction network visualization and analysis tool to identify clusters of samples with genomic data derived from protein-protein interactions. Proteinarium is a command-line tool written in Java with no external dependencies and it is freely available at https://github.com/Armanious/Proteinarium.
Trauma-Informed Strategies for Culturally Diverse Students Diagnosed With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders:

The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) requires that school counselors engage with and advocate for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), in addition to requiring compet...
Water and Governance

“Water and Governance” is an expansive topic that includes how communities and states have sought to manage access to water supplies. This topic includes “water law,” but also includes informal arrangements that have been utilized to govern water use. One of the earliest codified set of rules mandating how water should be managed was issued by King Hammurabi of the Babylonian empire. Over the centuries different systems have emerged that govern access to water along waterways, and at times, particularly in colonial regions, there is a mixture of local and colonial practices. With the emergence of the nation-state, and ultimately of global governance organizations in the twentieth century, inter- and multi-state efforts have been made to ensure universal access to water as well as the effective management of transboundary waterways.