cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Analysis of Women's Experiences in Single-Gender Versus Mixed-Gender Substance Abuse Group Therapy

The present study of women with substance use disorders used grounded theory to examine women's experiences in both the Women's Recovery Group (WRG) and a mixed-gender Group Drug Counseling (GDC). Semi-structured interviews were completed in 2005 by 28 women in a U.S. metropolitan area. Compared to GDC, women in WRG more frequently endorsed feeling safe, embracing all aspects of one's self, having their needs met, feeling intimacy, empathy, and honesty. In addition, group cohesion and support allowed women to focus on gender-relevant topics supporting their recovery. These advantages of single-gender group therapy can increase treatment satisfaction and improve treatment outcomes.
Competition and selection during visual processing of natural scenes and objects.

When a visual scene, containing many discrete objects, is presented to our retinae, only a subset of these objects will be explicitly represented in visual awareness. The number of objects accessing short-term visual memory might be even smaller. Finally, it is not known to what extent “ignored” objects (those that do not enter visual awareness) will be processed –or recognized. By combining free recall, forced-choice recognition and visual priming paradigms for the same natural visual scenes and subjects, we were able to estimate these numbers, and provide insights as to the fate of objects that are not explicitly recognized in a single fixation. When presented for 250 ms with a scene containing 10 distinct objects, human observers can remember up to 4 objects with full confidence, and between 2 and 3 more when forced to guess. Importantly, the objects that the subjects consistently failed to report elicited a significant negative priming effect when presented in a subsequent task, suggesting that their identity was represented in high-level cortical areas of the visual system, before the corresponding neural activity was suppressed during attentional selection. These results shed light on neural mechanisms of attentional competition, and representational capacity at different levels of the human visual system.
Neonatal mandibular distraction osteogenesis

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique used in the management of tongue base obstruction in patients with micrognathia. Judicious and early application of this procedure has been shown to negate the need for tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube placement in select neonates with micrognathia and glossoptosis with and without cleft palate (Pierre Robin sequence). This article describes the operative technique using an external distraction system, with an emphasis on the importance of preoperative assessment and patient selection, as well as the expected postoperative course. Current data on short- and long-term outcomes and new technologies within this growing field are also highlighted.
A 60-MHz 64-tap echo canceller/decision-feedback equalizer in 1.2- mu m CMOS for 2B1Q high bit-rate digital subscriber line transceivers

A 60-MHz 64-tap adaptive FIR filter chip has been fabricated in 1.2- mu m CMOS which can implement either an echo canceller or decision-feedback equalizer for 2B1Q high bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) transceivers. The 4.3-mm*4.3-mm, 30000-transistor chip is a complete self-contained adaptive filter which incorporates the LMS algorithm for coefficient updating. The device can be cascaded to implement very long filter lengths which are often required in high-bit-rate transceivers. At a 60-MHz clock rate the echo canceller/decision feedback equalizer chip can accommodate symbol rates in excess of 800 kbaud. >
Multi-domain and privacy-aware role based access control in eHealth

Information Technology-supported Heathcare (eHealth) is crucial in order to reduce healthcare costs, and improve quality of care and patient safety. Among technologies in eHealth, Electronic Medical/Health Records (EMR/EHR) enabling communication of patient data between different healthcare professionals (e.g. specialists, pharmacy), is the most important and sensitive. There are three crucial requirements when accessing EMRs: such access must be both secure and privacy preserving; such access must be allowed to individuals from different organizations; such access should be confined based on meta information about the EMRs. In this paper, we propose a multi-domain privacy-aware role based access control meeting these requirements.
Transforming Patient Value: Comparison of Hospital, Surgical, and General Surgery Patients

Background Patient value (V) is enhanced when quality (Q) is increased and cost (C) is diminished (V = Q/C). However, calculating value has been inhibited by a lack of risk-adjusted cost data. The aim of this analysis was to measure patient value before and after implementation of quality improvement and cost reduction programs. Study Design Multidisciplinary efforts to improve patient value were initiated at a safety-net hospital in 2012. Quality improvement focused on adoption of multiple best practices, and minimizing practice variation was the strategy to control cost. University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) risk-adjusted quality (patient mortality + safety + satisfaction + effectiveness) and cost (length of stay + direct cost) data were used to calculate patient value over 3 fiscal years. Normalized ranks in the UHC Quality and Accountability Scorecard were used in the value equation. Results For all hospital patients, quality scores improved from 50.3 to 66.5, with most of the change occurring in decreased mortality. Similar trends were observed for all surgery patients (42.6 to 48.4) and for general surgery patients (30.9 to 64.6). For all hospital patients, cost scores improved from 71.0 to 2.9. Similar changes were noted for all surgical (71.6 to 27.1) and general surgery (85.7 to 23.0) patients. Therefore, value increased more than 30-fold for all patients, 3-fold for all surgical patients, and almost 8-fold for general surgery patients. Conclusions Multidisciplinary quality and cost efforts resulted in significant improvements in value for all hospitalized patients as well as general surgery patients. Mortality improved the most in general surgery patients, and satisfaction was highest among surgical patients.
Effect of Oxalic Acid Given Intravenously on the Coagulation Time in Hemophilia

ConclusionThe intravenous injection of Koagamin and oxalic acid in the doses used in this study had no effect on the coagulation time in 5 cases of hemophilia.Grateful appreciation is expressed to Dr. John Lawrence for criticisms and suggestions.
Genetic Differentiation of Diploid Blueberry, Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (Ericaceae)

The most dissected taxonomic treatment of Vaccinium section Cyanococcus, generated by Camp in 1945, recognized nine diploid (2n = 24) taxa. More recently, Vander Kloet recognized six taxa nesting the two hillside blueberries and the three highbush blueberries, respectively. Whereas previous taxonomic treatments have been based primarily upon morphological data, field studies, chromosome counts, and crossability, the present study employs allozyme data to assess genetic relationships of representative diploid blueberry populations. Starch gel electrophoresis was conducted on population samples obtained from 25 sites identified in an extensive field survey of this endemic North American section. Data were collected at 11 polymorphic loci previously observed to have high taxonomic information content. Data were analyzed to obtain similarity, as well as standard measures of population genetic structure. Five genetic lineages were discriminated; these were supported by highly disparate allelic frequencies. Conspecific populations were undif- ferentiated, with distribution of genetic variation similar to that described for other predominantly outcrossing species. In conjunction with patterns of morphological variation, this study supports the recognition of seven species: two highbush species, V. corymbosum and V. elliottii, and five lowbush species, V. boreale, V. darrowii, V. myrtilloides, V. pallidum, and V. tenellum.
Anaphylatoxin and AnaphylaxisXI. Ultra-Filtration and Fractionation of Anaphylatoxin

Despite the large amount of study on the nature of anaphylatoxin and of the mechanism of its formation, little if any attempt has been made to isolate the toxic principle on one or the other of the protein fractions of the serum. Various serum principles having physiologic activity, but of unknown chemical nature, have been isolated on the protein fractions of serum. The association of these active principles is often so close as to suggest that they may themselves be part of one of the serum proteins. Thus Alex. Schmidt,1 by diluting and passing COo through blood plasma precipitated a "fibrinoplastic" substance which was able to clot hydrocele fluid. Seng2 quantitatively isolated diphtheria antitoxin on the water-soluble globulin of immune serum. Fuld and Spiro3 found that the rennin-inhibiting activity of normal serum is associated with the water-soluble globulin, while the water-insoluble globulin on the other hand has a distinct milk coagulating action. Pick4 made an extensive study of the various immunity principles of serum and found antitoxins, lysins and agglutinins to be associated with one or the other globulin fractions. The work of
Delayed Post-Hypoxic Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review (P06.179)

Objective: To report a case of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) and review the literature. Background DPHL has been described after exposure to opiates, benzodiazepines, carbon monoxide, surgical anesthesia and other agents. Since the first description in 1979, fewer than 20 cases have been reported, and information on clinical, imaging and especially histopathological features is scanty. Design/Methods: Chart review and literature search using PubMed. Results: A 52-year-old man with a history of tobacco and marijuana use was found unresponsive at home in January 2011. He was admitted to the intensive care unit, intubated, and treated for aspiration pneumonia. Upon extubation he appeared to be cognitively intact, but shortly thereafter experienced a cognitive decline, became unresponsive, and was transferred to neurology service in February. MRI of the brain showed diffuse nonspecific white matter disease and EEG showed moderate generalized nonspecific cerebral dysfunction. He was treated with vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and acyclovir for presumed encephalitis but cerebrospinal fluid showed no infectious etiology. As he continued to be in a persistent vegetative state a brain biopsy was performed and showed intact grey matter but extensive white matter degeneration with vacuolization, reactive astrocytosis, and a robust macrophage infiltrate. He was discharged to a skilled nursing facility with minimal change in his neurological status. By April, he began to communicate and move his left side purposefully. A repeat MRI in July continued to show necrotic white matter. He continued to improve and at the last follow-up in July 2011, he was oriented to self, place and time, and had normal speech and naming. Conclusions: DPHL typically occurs 1-2 weeks after apparent recovery from an insult. MRI shows extensive white matter changes with sparing of brainstem and cerebellum. As our case shows, extensive recovery can occur. Disclosure: Dr. Andresen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kleinfeld has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pawate has nothing to disclose.
Issues in Marketing High Technology Services and Products

Marketing is going to make the difference between the winners and the losers among high technology companies. Special issues associated with marketing high technology services and products are discussed with particular emphasis on the growth of high technology services.
The effect of imiquimod on taste bud calcium transients and transmitter secretion

Background and Purpose Imiquimod is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, and has adverse side effects resulting from the treatments, including taste disturbances. Paracrine transmission, representing cell-cell communication within taste buds, has the potential to shape the final signal output that taste buds transmit to the brain. The underlying assumption has been that imiquimod exerts its effects on taste transmitter secretion in taste buds of mice. Experimental Approach To test this assumption, we investigated whether transmitter release in taste buds is affected by imiquimod. Using calcium imaging with cellular biosensors, we examined the net effect of imiquimod on taste-evoked ATP secretion from mouse taste buds. Key Results Our results indicated that up to 72% of Presynaptic (Type III) taste cells responded to 100 μM imiquimod with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ responses. We demonstrated that Ca2+ responses were inhibited by thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, and by U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, suggesting that imiquimod-elicited Ca2+ mobilization was dependent on internal Ca2+ store release. Moreover, combined studies of Ca2+ imaging with cellular biosensors revealed the imiquimod-evoked secretion of serotonin (5-HT), which provides negative feedback onto Receptor (Type II) cells to reduce taste-evoked ATP secretion. Conclusion and Implications Our results provide evidence that there is a subset of taste cells equipped with diverse intracellular mechanisms that respond to imiquimod. The findings are also consistent with a role of imiquimod as an immune response modifier, which shapes peripheral taste responses via the serotonergic signaling pathway.
Abnormal Bone Marrow Signal Intensity in the Phalanges of the Foot as a Manifestation of Raynaud Phenomenon: A Report of Six Patients

OBJECTIVE. The objectives of our study were to describe the MRI findings of pedal phalangeal bone marrow edema in patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and discuss the clinical implications of these MRI findings. CONCLUSION. There is a progressive distal-to-proximal pattern of pedal phalangeal bone marrow edema on MRI in patients with RP. This knowledge may allow early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatologic disorders that are potentially associated with RP.
Evaluation of the Lutheran Writings Against the Anabaptists

Within the examination of Lutheran writings against the Anabaptists there remains the problem of evaluation. What were the sources of information on Anabaptism used by Luther, Melanchthon, and Menius? What precisely does their Anabaptism consist of? Whom do they regard as typical Anabaptists? How does their picture of the movement compare with that derived from other sources, from the Anabaptists themselves? These are questions which require our attention at this point.
Impairment of the Intrinsic Capability of Th1 Polarization in Irradiated Mice: A Close Look at the Imbalanced Th1/Th2 Response after Irradiation.

Two major CD4+ T-helper (Th) lineages are Th1 and Th2, and well balanced Th1/Th2 responses are essential for immune function. In previously published studies, it was reported that radiation induces a Th1/Th2 immune imbalance toward a Th2-dominant direction, and this imbalance may contribute to postirradiation immune dysfunction. The polarization of Th cells is driven by the cytokine milieu and controlled by intracellular regulatory pathways that respond to cytokine signaling. It is widely accepted that radiation induces cytokine aberration, however, the precise alterations of cytokines in various tissue environments have been difficult to evaluate. In addition, the effects of radiation on the intrinsic functions of Th cells remain uncharacterized. Therefore, how radiation affects Th1/Th2 balance remains somewhat unclear. To address this, we investigated the changes in the polarization capability of Th cells by isolating them from mice previously exposed to radiation and assessing the cells in an establish...
Multilevel Gaussian graphical model for multilevel networks

Abstract Gaussian graphical models have become a popular tool to represent networks among variables such as genes. They use the conditional correlations from the joint distribution to describe the dependencies between gene pairs, and employ the precision matrix of the genes. Because of the sparse nature of the gene networks and small sample sizes in high dimensional genetic data, regularization approaches attracted much attention in aim at obtaining the shrinkage estimates of the precision matrix. However, existing methods have been focused on the Gaussian graphical model among genes; that is, they are only applicable to a single level Gaussian graphical model. It is known that pathways are not independent of each other because of shared genes and interactions among pathways. Developing multipathway analysis has been a challenging problem because of the complex dependence structure among pathways. By considering the dependency among pathways as well as the genes within each pathway, we propose a multilevel Gaussian graphical model (MGGM) in which one level describes the networks for genes and the other for pathways. We have developed a multilevel L1 penalized likelihood approach to achieve the sparseness on both levels. In addition, we have developed an iterative weighted graphical LASSO algorithm for MGGM. Our simulation results supported the advantages of our approach; our method estimated the network more accurately on the pathway level and sparser on the gene level. We also demonstrated the usefulness of our approach using a canine genes-pathways data set.
Learning Community as a Multipurpose Intervention: the University of Florida Experience

Collaborative learning groups have evolved into learning communities at the University of Florida College of Medicine (UF COM) as part of a new integrated curriculum. The article provides an outline of how to develop and use a learning community as a multipurpose longitudinal intervention. The structure of the learning community, including leadership, number of faculty needed, faculty time, administrative staff, and logistics are discussed. The process of integrating curricular “threads,” course content, student wellness issues, and long-term mentorship are provided for other institutions looking to develop a learning community. At present, outcome measures for program evaluation of the learning community at the UF COM have been conceptualized but capturing quantitative and qualitative data remains a challenge.
Fleximer: Accurate Quantification of RNA-Seq via Variable-Length k-mers

The advent of RNA-Seq has made it possible to quantify transcript expression on a large scale simultaneously. This technology generates small fragments of each transcript sequence, known as sequencing reads. As the first step of data analysis towards expression quantification, most of the existing methods align these reads to a reference genome or transcriptome to establish their origins. However, read alignment is computationally costly. Recently, a series of methods have been proposed to perform a lightweight quantification analysis in an alignment-free manner. These methods utilize the notion of k-mers, which are short consecutive sequences representing the signatures of each transcript, to estimate the relative abundance from RNA-Seq reads. Current k-mer based approaches make use of a set of fixed size k-mers; however, the true signatures of each transcript may not exist in a fixed size. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of k-mers selection in transcript abundance estimation. We propose a novel method, Fleximer, to efficiently discover and select an optimal set of k-mers with flexible lengths. Using both simulated and real datasets, we show that, with fewer k-mers, Fleximer is able to cover the similar amount of reads as Sailfish and Kallisto. The selected k-mers own more distinguishing features, and thus substantially reduce the errors in transcript abundance estimation.
From the Ground Up: Natural History Education in an Urban Campus Restoration

We discuss the first phase of development of the Volusia Sandhill Ecosystem, a teaching landscape on the grounds of the Gillespie Museum, on the DeLand, FL, campus of Stetson University. Since its initiation in 2011 with the planting of a canopy of 80 trees, undergraduates and community volunteers have contributed to the site's development as an urban-habitat fragment of the Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) forests that once dominated the sandy ridges of Central Florida. In the first 5 years since its establishment, the site has provided hundreds of undergraduate students opportunities to participate in site development and interpretation, including the design of new outdoor activities that have been incorporated into the museum's K—6 programming. The Volusia Sandhill Ecosystem is a case study for how, with volunteer labor and modest funding, a small but visible corner of a university campus has been developed as a community-based environmental project, a research site for the undergraduate curriculum, and an urban forest with environmental ben efits.
Scale-Dependent Stiffness and Internal Tension of a Model Brush Polymer

Bottle-brush polymers exhibit closely grafted side chains that interact by steric repulsion, thereby causing stiffening of the main polymer chain. We use single-molecule elasticity measurements of model brush polymers to quantify this effect. We find that stiffening is only significant on long length scales, with the main chain retaining flexibility on short scales. From the elasticity data, we extract an estimate of the internal tension generated by side-chain repulsion; this estimate is consistent with the predictions of blob-based scaling theories.
Process operational safety via model predictive control: Recent results and future research directions

Abstract The concept of maintaining or enhancing chemical process safety encompasses a broad set of considerations which stem from management/company culture, operator procedures, and engineering designs, and are meant to prevent incidents at chemical plants. The features of a plant design that take action to prevent incidents on a moment-by-moment basis are the control system and the safety system (i.e., the alarm system, safety instrumented system, and safety relief system). Though the control and safety systems have a common goal in this regard, coordination between them has been minimal. One impediment to such an integrated control-safety system design is that the traditional industrial approach to safety focuses on root causes of incidents and on keeping individual measured variables within recommended ranges, rather than seeking to understand incidents from a more fundamental perspective as the result of the dynamic process state evolving to a value at which consequences to humans and the environment occur. This work reviews the state of the art in control system designs that incorporate explicit safety considerations in the sense that they have constraints designed to prevent the process state from taking values at which incidents can occur and in the sense that they are coordinated with the safety system. The intent of this tutorial is to unify recent developments in this area and to encourage further research by showcasing that the topic, though critical for safe operation of chemical processes particularly as we move to more tightly integrated and economics-focused operating strategies, is in its infancy and that many open questions remain.
Are multimodal travelers more satisfied with their lives? A study of accessibility and wellbeing in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area

Abstract In this study, we ask how the ability to use multiple transportation options affects one's subjective wellbeing (SWB), including aspects such as physical health, financial security, standard of living, and personal relationships. A clearer understanding of these associations can inform investments in multimodal infrastructure. We draw on 232 surveys from a diverse set of residents in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area and find that having more transportation choices can improve standard of living for low- and middle-income residents. Multimodal middle-income residents are also more satisfied with their health and what they are achieving in life. Vehicle owners report higher levels of satisfaction with their standard of living, health, and achievements, compared to non-owners, unless auto is their only travel mode. Only low-income respondents had significant differences in standard of living by where they lived, with greatest satisfaction in the urban core. These results confirm the relationship between public transit and SWB, and contribute to our understanding of how the concept of motility (social and spatial mobility) shapes one's quality of life. The findings have implications for investments in transportation modes across neighborhood types and populations, so that people have a range of travel options to meet their needs and increase their satisfaction with their goals through improved daily travel.
Orthodoxy, heterodoxy, and metallurgical education

A distinguished metallurgist and educator discusses the old and the new in metallurgical education, and suggests a course of moderation to be followed.
An Objective Study of Anatomic Shifts in Intracranial Hypotension Using Four Anatomic Planes

Purpose. Intracranial hypotension (IH) often remains undetected using current MR diagnostic criteria. This project aims to demonstrate that central incisural herniation is highly effective in helping to make this diagnosis. Materials and Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed in 200 normal and 81 clinically known IH patients. MRI reference lines approximating the plane of the incisura, the plane of the diaphragma sella, the plane of the foramen magnum, and the plane of the visual pathway were utilized to measure the position of selected brain structures relative to these reference lines. Results. All IH patients had highly statistically significant ( ) measurable evidence of downward central incisural herniation when compared to normal controls. The first of the important observations was a downward shift of the mammillary bodies, which shortened the midsagittal width of the interpeduncular fossa cistern. A concurrent downward shift and deformity of the tuber cinereum accompanied the mammillary body shift. The second essential observation was an abnormal clockwise rotation of the long axis of the visual pathway. A severity grading system is proposed based on the extent of these shifts as well as secondary shifts of the brain stem, splenium, and cerebellar tonsils. Conclusion. This study objectively delineates the anatomic shifts of brain structures adjacent to the incisura and foramen magnum. This methodology is sufficient to recognize the features of IH and to stratify the spectrum of IH findings into a functional grading system for quantifying the results of interventional therapy.
Association between pediatric asthma care quality and morbidity and English language proficiency in Ohio.

OBJECTIVE Limited English proficiency can be a barrier to asthma care and is associated with poor outcomes. This study examines whether pediatric patients in Ohio with limited English proficiency experience lower asthma care quality or higher morbidity. METHODS We used electronic health records for asthma patients aged 2-17 years from a regional, urban, children's hospital in Ohio during 2011-2015. Community-level demographics were included from U.S. Census data. By using chi-square and t-tests, patients with limited English proficiency and bilingual English-speaking patients were compared with English-only patients. Five asthma outcomes-two quality and three morbidity measures-were modeled using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The study included 15 352 (84%) English-only patients, 1744 (10%) patients with limited English proficiency, and 1147 (6%) bilingual patients. Pulmonary function testing (quality measure) and multiple exacerbation visits (morbidity measure) did not differ by language group. Compared with English-only patients, bilingual patients had higher odds of ever having an exacerbation visit (morbidity measure) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.6) but lower odds of admission to intensive care (morbidity measure) (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7), while patients with limited English proficiency did not differ on either factor. Recommended follow-up after exacerbation (quality measure) was higher for limited English proficiency (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.3) and bilingual (aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.1), compared with English-only patients. CONCLUSIONS In this urban, pediatric population with reliable interpreter services, limited English proficiency was not associated with worse asthma care quality or morbidity.
Mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancer

Tumors develop multiple mechanisms of immune evasion as they progress, with some cancer types being inherently better at ‘hiding’ than others. With an increased understanding of tumor immune surveillance, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for breast cancer, despite historically being thought of as an immunologically silent neoplasm. Some types of cancer, such as melanoma, bladder, and renal cell carcinoma, have demonstrated a durable response to immunotherapeutic intervention, however, breast neoplasms have not shown the same efficacy. The causes of breast cancer’s immune silence derive from mechanisms that diminish immune recognition and others that promote strong immunosuppression. It is the mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancers that are poorly defined. Thus, further characterization is critical for the development of better therapies. This brief review will seek to provide insight into the possible causes of weak immunogenicity and immune suppression mediated by breast cancers and highlight current immunotherapies being used to restore immune responses to breast cancer.
Far-Infrared Spectrometry

According to current practice the far-infrared region is considered to be that part of the electromagnetic spectrum between the sodium chloride prism cutoff (about 15 μ) and the wavelengths at which microwave techniques may be successfully employed. The farinfrared region tends to be pushed continually to longer wavelengths by the development of better optical materials and instrumentation and now overlaps, to some extent, the microwave region. The microwave region is merely an extension of the far infrared from the theoretical aspect but involves different experimental techniques [12]. In the long-wavelength region, infrared absorption is due to pure rotational and to vibrational-rotational transitions in gaseous molecules, to molecular vibrations in liquids and solids, and to lattice vibrations and molecular librations in crystals [48]
Persuasion criteria in research and practice: Gathering more meaningful psychotherapy data

Psychotherapy research should ultimately benefit the psychotherapy client. Unfortunately, traditional psychotherapy research continues to have little influence on practicing clinicians and, therefore, does not benefit psychotherapy clients. As behavior analysts begin to show interest in this area of research, they may be in a position to improve its quality. We argue that traditional psychotherapy researchers have become prematurely wedded to a methodology that does not address the concerns of clinical audiences. Furthermore, we make a case for defining and evaluating psychotherapy data in terms of its capacity to influence both researchers and clinicians. We also suggest several alternative methods for gathering psychotherapy data based on the case formulation approach. We argue that this approach may be one of the most promising methods for gathering useful psychotherapy data.
Anosognosia in Parietal Lobe Syndrome

Patients with right parietal lesions often deny their paralysis (anosognosia), but do they have "tacit" knowledge of their paralysis? I devised three novel tests to explore this. First, the patients were given a choice between a bimanual task (e.g., tying shoe laces) vs a unimanual one (e.g., threading a bolt). They chose the former on 17 of 18 trials and, surprisingly, showed no frustration or learning despite repeated failed attempts. I conclude that they have no tacit knowledge of paralysis (or, if such knowledge exists, it is not available for this particular task). Second, I used a "virtual reality box" to convey the optical illusion to the patient that she was moving her paralyzed left hand up and down to the rhythm of a metronome, and yet she showed no sign of surprise. Third, I irrigated patient BM's left ear canal with cold water, a procedure that is known to shift that patient's spatial frame of reference by stimulating the vestibular system. Surprisingly, this allowed her "repressed" memory of the paralysis to come to the surface; she said she had been paralyzed continuously for several days. I suggest that the vestibular stimulation produces these remarkable effects by mimicking REM sleep. These patients also employ a whole arsenal of grossly exaggerated Freudian "defense mechanisms" to account for their paralysis. To explain this, I propose that in normal individuals the left hemisphere ordinarily deals with small, local anomalies by trying to impose consistency but, when the anomaly exceeds threshold, an interaction with the right hemisphere forces a "paradigm shift." A failure of this process, in patients with right hemisphere damage, might partially account for anosognosia. Finally, I present a new conceptual framework that may help link several psychological and neurological phenomena such as Freudian defense mechanisms, vestibular stimulation, anosognosia, memory repression, visual illusions, anterograde amnesia, REM sleep, dreaming, and humor.
Deliverable Flexible Ramping Products Considering Spatiotemporal Correlation of Wind Generation and Demand Uncertainties

Flexible ramping products (FRPs) have been implemented by several independent system operators (ISOs) to procure adequate flexible resources. Currently, system operators estimate the system level ramping requirements ignoring the spatiotemporal correlations among various uncertainty sources. This leads to overestimates/underestimates of ramping requirements. In addition, the explicit FRPs model considers only the generation ramping limitation. Other security constraints, such as the transmission limits, are not considered, which leads to deliverability issues of FRPs. To deal with these shortcomings of current FRPs models, this paper proposes a deliverable FRPs based on a distributionally-robust chance constrained multi-interval optimal power flow (DRCC-MIOPF) considering the spatiotemporal correlation of wind power and demand uncertainties endogenously. Furthermore, an asymmetrical affine policy (AAP) is proposed to leverage generation flexibility and mitigate the uncertainty in different directions. The pricing mechanism of the FRPs is proposed using a novel uncertainty-contained locational marginal price (U_LMP) which is derived from the proposed AAP-DRCC-MIOPF model. New components representing the price of FRPs are added into the traditional LMP formulation. Finally, the PJM 5-bus, IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems case studies validate the proposed FRPs approach. The payment of uncertain demand and wind power on FRPs are analyzed.
Surface modification of polymeric electrospun scaffolds via a potent and high-affinity integrin α4β1 ligand improved the adhesion, spreading and survival of human chorionic villus-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a new insight for fetal tissue engineering

Cell–biomaterial interactions are primarily governed by cell adhesion, which arises from the binding of cellular integrins to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins drive the assembly of focal contacts that serve as mechanotransducers and signaling nexuses for stem cells, for example integrin α4β1 plays pivotal roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing, adhesion, migration and differentiation. The strategy to control the integrin-mediated cell adhesion to bioinspired, ECM-mimicking materials is essential to regulate cell functions and tissue regeneration. Previously, using one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology, we discovered that LLP2A was a high-affinity peptidomimetic ligand (IC50 = 2 pM) against integrin α4β1. In this study, we identified that LLP2A had a strong binding to human early gestation chorionic villi-derived MSCs (CV-MSCs) via integrin α4β1. To improve CV-MSC seeding, expansion and delivery for regenerative applications, we constructed artificial scaffolds simulating the structure of the native ECM by immobilizing LLP2A onto the scaffold surface as cell adhesion sites. LLP2A modification significantly enhanced CV-MSC adhesion, spreading and viability on the polymeric scaffolds via regulating signaling pathways including phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and AKT, NF-kB and Caspase 9. In addition, we also demonstrated that LLP2A had strong binding to MSCs of other sources, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). Therefore, LLP2A and its derivatives not only hold great promise for improving CV-MSC-mediated treatment of fetal diseases, but they can also be widely applied to functionalize various biological and medical materials, which are in need of MSC recruitment, enrichment and survival, for regenerative medicine applications.
Dearest Lenny: Letters from Japan and the Making of the World Maestro: by Mari Yoshihara, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019, 262 pp., $29.95 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-19-046578-0

Dearest Lenny essentially concerns two of Leonard Bernstein’s closest Japanese friends, Kazuko Amano and Kunihiko (“Kuni”) Hashimoto, or more precisely their letters to him, many of which survive a...
Paper 8 – On the control of complex dynamic systems

Publisher Summary This chapter explores applications of a control method, which can be used on systems which have dynamic attractors. The control method then employs goal dynamics which are related to convergent regions. Of particular importance is the fact that this chapter begins the exploration of controls that might be used on multiple attractor systems (MAS). MAS are of basic importance in most truly complex systems, which can exhibit more than one dynamic response to environmental stimuli. When controls are imposed on a MAS it can be done for a variety of reasons.
Grain size dependence of polycrystalline plasticity modeling in cylindrical indentation

Grain boundary strengthening effect for polycrystalline copper is studied numerically using crystal plasticity in conjunction with cylindrical indentation simulations under the plane strain condition. In order to compare with an isotropic, heterogeneous continuum model a new constitutive relation is developed. This new nonlocal continuum model that encompasses the heterogeneity in yield strength based on the exponentiated Weibull function can predict the plastic properties of materials in the micron length scale. The spatial description of the deformation gradient two-point tensor is utilized to capture the intrinsic size effect in line with the subsequent deformation measures. Moreover, the total geometrically necessary dislocation density is obtained from the non-zero components of Nye dislocation density tensor. From the simulation, the relationship between the effective Green–Lagrange strain and effective stress measures is explained using the persistent long-range order and intermittent short-range order. The observation derived from the analogy between the cylindrical indentation and the progress in cylindrical voids describes how different average grain sizes of polycrystalline materials are compared with the behavior of isotropic materials. The trajectories of directions of both principal stretch and maximum shear strain explain that the internal stresses induced by cylindrical indentation either hinder or reinforce the dislocation flow, forming strain localization sporadically. The grain size dependence of polycrystalline modeling incorporates the Hall–Petch strengthening as well as the homogenization of anisotropic polycrystalline metal into the isotropic effective medium. This is a physically-based model that is used to model failure characterization in metals.
Trauma-Informed High Schools: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature

While a growing number of high school students in the United States have experienced trauma exposure, there is a lack of review of studies that examine the efficacy of trauma-informed high schools. The current systematic review sought to identify reviews of empirical studies that explore the efficacy of trauma-informed approaches in high schools. The Evidence for Policy and Practice (EPPI-Center) framework was used to analyze the quality of literature identified including research design, participants, nature of intervention, method of analysis, and study outcomes. Analysis indicated studies about trauma-informed high schools are in their infancy. Methodological designs were limited, participants were skewed towards adults, and outcomes were specific and not generalized. Indeed, half of the studies focused on teachers alone rather than student outcomes. The small number of existing reviews and studies, and the diversity of study aims and designs, made it difficult to generalize outcome results. Further empirical research is needed on the efficacy of trauma-informed high schools that include more robust research designs as well as students and other stakeholders as participants.
Assessing Regional Ventilatory Function in Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Patients via Dynamic MRI

Background: Free tidal breathing dynamic MRI (dMRI) is useful for practical clinical application in patients with thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS). Methods: Volumetric parameters were derived via 129 dMRI images from 51 normal children and 39 TIS patients for left and right lungs, hemi-diaphragms, and hemi-chest walls during tidal breathing. Pairwise t-testing was performed to compare the parameters from TIS patients before and after surgery. Mahalanobis distances (MDs) utilizing parameters of TIS patients and age-matched normal children were assessed to evaluate the closeness of patient lung function to normality. Linear regression was performed to serve as a reference to estimate volume deviations from normality in TIS patients. Findings: Average MDs for right hemi-diaphragm tidal volume (RDtv) were -1.32+1.04 and -0.05+1.11 pre-operatively and post-operatively, respectively, (p=0.004). Average MDs for the ratio of bilateral hemi-diaphragm tidal volume to bilateral lung tidal volume (BDtv/BLtv) were -1.68+1.21 and -0.04+1.10 pre-operatively and post-operatively, respectively (p = 0.001). MDs decreased after treatment suggesting decreased deviations from normality. Regression results showed that all volumes and tidal volumes significantly increased after treatment (p < 0.001), and that increases were greater than those expected from normal growth for RDtv, RLtv, BDtv, and BLtv. Interpretation: Post-operative tidal volumes of bilateral lungs and bilateral hemi-diaphragms of TIS patients came closer to those of normal children indicating positive treatment effects from surgery. QdMRI facilitates assessment of regional effects of surgery to treat TIS. Funding Statement: This research is supported by a grant 1R01HL150147-01 from the National Institutes of Health. This research is also supported in part by the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics of the University of Pennsylvania through a grant by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1TR001878. Declaration of Interests: There is no conflict of interest or industry support. Ethics Approval Statement: All normal children’s data were acquired under an ongoing prospective research study protocol and all TIS patient data were retrieved from a retrospective study protocol. Both protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and University of Pennsylvania, along with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act waiver.
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Military Interest for Wounded Service Members

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an extrapolation of the considerable knowledge gained over the past five decades of solid organ transplantation (SOT)—kidneys, livers, hearts, and lungs, among other organs—applied as a novel strategy for catastrophic loss of vital composite tissues, particularly those of the face and hands. Department of Defense (DoD) funding of the VCA field is substantial, reflecting the DoD commitment to making innovative approaches to caring for catastrophic injuries available to wounded service members. This article is an articulation of the ideals, goals, unknowns, challenges, and risks facing the DoD in the context of this investment.
Life as a bachelor: quantifying the success of an alternative reproductive tactic in male blue monkeys

In species that live in one-male groups, resident males monopolize access to a group of females and are assumed to have higher reproductive success than bachelors. We tested this assumption using genetic, demographic, and behavioral data from 8 groups of wild blue monkeys observed over 10 years to quantify reproduction by residents and bachelors and compare the success of the two tactics. We used maximum-likelihood methods to assign sires to 104 offspring born in the study groups, 36 of which were sired by extra-group males, i.e., residents of neighboring groups and bachelors. Among these extra-group males, high-ranking males (many of whom were neighboring residents) were more likely to sire offspring than low-ranking males, but the time these visiting males spent in the mother’s group when she conceived (male presence) did not predict their relative success. When bachelors competed for reproduction with other bachelors, neither rank nor male presence during the mother’s conceptive period affected the probability of siring an offspring, suggesting that highly opportunistic mating with conceptive females is important in bachelor reproduction. In a second analysis, we used long-term data to estimate resident and bachelor reproductive success over the long term, and particularly to determine if there are any circumstances in which a typical bachelor may sire as many offspring as a typical resident during one or two periods of residency. Our findings generally support the assumption of a resident reproductive advantage because in most circumstances, a lifelong bachelor would be unable to sire as many offspring as a resident. However, a bachelor who performs at the average rate in the average number of groups for several years may have similar lifetime reproductive success as a male whose reproduction is limited to one short period of residency, especially in a small group. Our findings suggest that one should not assume a resident reproductive advantage for males in one-male groups in all circumstances.
Isoenzymes of Human Alkaline Phosphatase

Publisher Summary Isoenzyme refers to a biochemically distinct class of catalytically active proteins with the same specificity of bond cleavage or alteration, which can occupy several zones following electrophoresis. The chapter focuses on the mechanism of catalysis and uncompetitive inhibition and provides analyses of studies reporting distinctive immunochemical properties as well as physical properties of enzymes prepared from several organs. In the case of alkaline phosphatase, the studies rely on a combination of organ source, biochemical properties, and electrophoretic distinctions as guidelines for working in this field. Placental alkaline phosphatase is an isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, which can be distinguished from other alkaline phosphatases by biochemical means. The different molecular forms of this isoenzyme, which can be produced and separated by physical means, are referred as variants of placental alkaline phosphatase. Hyperphosphatasemia in diseases of liver and bone has made the serum alkaline phosphatase determination the most frequently demanded enzyme assay.