cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dialectical Regulation, Territoriality, and Pluralism

Scholarly and policy debates about territoriality and nation-state sovereignty are turning to the ways in which such concepts might be changing in an increasingly interconnected world of interlocking governance structures and systems of communication. Robert Ahdieh's provocative and generative essay, Dialectical Regulation, 38 Conn. L. Rev. 863 (2005-2006), attempts a model for understanding this new plural order. He argues that intersystemic regulation is now a significant legal reality, and analyzes the types of interactions we would expect to see among these multiple regulatory authorities. Ahdieh aims to define dialectical regulation, in which regulators exist in some kind of formal structural relationship to each other but do not directly review each other's decisions. This brief response essay surveys the changing dynamics of territoriality that are intimately bound up in the intersystemic regulatory scheme Ahdieh discusses. The essay observes two ways in which territoriality may be eroding as an organizing social force. These challenges to territoriality arise first because distant acts increasingly affect local communities, and second because the tie between "community" and "place" is loosening. On the other hand, the article recognizes one significant way in which territoriality and sovereignty are likely to persist: the realm of coercive enforcement. Finally, the article suggests several consequences for law that will likely flow from this hybrid reality where deterritorialized activities and affiliations combine with territorialized power.
Firearms and the incidence of arrest among respondents to domestic violence restraining orders

Persons subject to domestic violence restraining orders (DVROs), known as respondents, are generally prohibited from possessing firearms. Efforts to enforce that prohibition have not been evaluated. The study objective was to determine whether associations exist between risk of incident arrest among DVRO respondents and 1) respondents’ access to firearms, and 2) law enforcement recovery of firearms from respondents with access to them. This was an observational study of 2,972 DVRO respondents in San Mateo County, California, 525 of whom were linked to firearms by standardized screening procedures. Enrollment occurred from May 2007 to June 2010 and follow-up through September 2010. Follow-up began when DVROs were served (or when issued if no date of service was available); median duration was 689 days. Principal exposures were access to firearms and, for subjects with access to firearms whose DVROs were served, contact by law enforcement personnel to recover those firearms. Main outcome measures were 1) incidence of arrest; 2) relative risk for arrest, adjusted for age, sex, prior criminal history, and duration of follow-up, assessed using logistic regression. Respondents linked to firearms were older than others and were more likely to have a history of prior arrest (49.7 % and 37.3 %, p < 0.0001). The incidence of arrest was 20.6 % for respondents linked to firearms and 21.1 % for others (p = 0.78). In multivariate models, access to firearms was associated with a modest, generally not statistically significant, decrease in risk for incident arrest. Among respondents who were linked to firearms and whose restraining orders were served, no statistically significant association existed between firearm recovery and risk for incident arrest. In this small study of DVRO respondents, findings are inconclusive for an association between access to firearms or firearm recovery and risk of incident arrest. Controlled trials on larger populations are indicated.
Passive and Active Control of Jet Turbulence

Turbulence management can be accomplished via manipulation of large-scale coherent structures (CS) by controlling their generation, growth and interactions. By turbulence management, we mean either enhancement or suppression of turbulence and related phenomena. Since accumulated evidence so far suggests that turbulent shear flows are characterized by CS, it is evident that turbulence management can be achieved in all turbulent shear flows. Obviously, such turbulence management can yield profound potential benefits in controlling turbulence phenomena, e.g., enhancement of mixing, heat transfer and chemical reaction (including combustion), and reduction of drag and aerodynamic noise.
Effects of zinc chloride on guinea pig complement component activity in vitro: concentration-dependent inhibition and enhancement.

We have studied the in vitro effects of zinc chloride on the hemolytic activity of each component of the guinea pig classical complement pathway over a wide range (25 to 500 μM) of zinc concentrations. At high concentrations (>200 μM) the activity of all components was strongly inhibited by this metal. Concentrations of 500 μM inhibited C1 and C5 by 80 and 65%, respectively, whereas all other components were inhibited by more than 94%. Zinc chloride at 25 μM produced more varied effects, with C2, C3, and C6 inhibited by 36, 35, and 55%. C7 and C8 were inhibited by approximately 25%, whereas C1, C4, and C9 were not appreciably affected. The activity of the fifth component, on the other hand, was strongly enhanced by the presence of zinc. Concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM zinc chloride produced increases of 92, 44, and 18%, respectively, in C5 titers when present during the activation-binding step of this component. Further studies indicated that the activities of cell-bound complement components were unaffected by zinc treatment after activation and/or binding to the sheep erythrocyte surface had occurred. In addition, zinc did not appear to inhibit by causing irreversible denaturation of either total complement proteins or its various components. Rather, it appears that zinc must be present as a reactant during the activation and/or binding step of each component for inhibition or enhancement to occur.
Phytotransformation of Perchlorate and Identification of Metabolic Products in Myriophyllum aquaticum

ABSTRACT The uptake and transformation of perchlorate in the presence of Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot-feather) were examined in sand and aqueous treatments with concentrations between 0.2 to 20 ppm. Controls were included without plants to confirm the uptake of perchlorate by parrot-feather. The kinetic data followed a first-order reaction mechanism with rate constants ranging from 0.004 to 0.090, resulting in half-lives between 7 to 173 days. Uptake rates were five times higher in aqueous treatments than in sand treatments. The intermediates detected in the plant tissue suggest that perchlorate transformed in a step-wise fashion to form chloride. Accumulation of perchlorate in the plant tissues (1.2 g/kg) suggests that parrot-feather has a high capacity for accumulating this contaminant.
Development of a reliable transmission-based laser sensor system for intelligent transportation systems

The transportation community has applied sensors for various traffic management purposes, such as in traffic signal control, ramp metering, traveler information development, and incident detection by collecting and processing real-time vehicle position and speed. The U.S. transportation community has not adopted any single newer traffic detectors as the most accepted choice. The objective of this research is to develop an infrared sensor system in the laboratory that will provide improved estimates of vehicle speed compared to those available from current infrared sensors, to model the sensor’s failure conditions and probabilities, and ultimately refine the sensor to provide the most reliable data under various environmental conditions. This paper presents the initial development of the proposed sensor system. This system will be implemented in a highway segment to evaluate its the risks of failure under various environmental conditions. A modified design will then be developed based on the field evaluations.
Bypassing a positive regulator: Isolation of a λ mutant that does not require N product to grow

Abstract A λ mutant has been isolated which is able to grow in the absence of the product of the N gene. The properties of this mutant suggest that the only role of the N gene is to promote the functioning of early λ genes, including gene Q, and that the Q product is then sufficient for synthesis of late gene products.
Anticipated Changes in the Business School Curriculum: A Survey of Deans in AACSB Accredited and Non‐Accredited Schools

A survey was mailed to the deans of AACSB accredited schools and 50 per cent of the non‐accredited AACSB affiliates, to determine their perceptions of how the changes in accreditation criteria might affect their curricula and what methods might be used to make these changes. The sample was classified according to the Porter‐McKibbin categories and significant differences were found among these categories for perceived ease of accreditation; changes in programme quality; resource allocation changes; use of mission statements in decision making; curriculum component emphasis, and curriculum evaluation methods. While the overall amount of change expected in the next five years seems modest, the nature of the changes expected could have significant effects on the curricula of US business schools.
Comparison of a rapid new method of hemagglutination inhibition assay of HPL with micro-complement fixation and radioimmunoassay.

ABSTRACT A method of hemagglutination inhibition assay of HPL has been developed utilizing bis-diazo benzidine to conjugate the HPL to formalinized sheep cells. This technique is sufficiently sensitive (32 ng/ml) so that assay of HPL from late pregnancy serum can be performed directly after 1:20 dilution without the necessity of extraction. Results can be obtained within 4 hr. Sera from 15 women in late pregnancy were assayed by this technique (HI) as well as by complement fixation (CF) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The values obtained by the 3 methods had excellent correlation (p <0.005). Reproducibility of results for the 3 techniques was very good. When the assays were repeated on 5 different days, the coefficient of variation between assays was found to be 15.6 for HI, 10.9 for CF and 11.0 for RIA. It is concluded that any of these techniques can be used for successful clinical assay of HPL and each technique has certain advantages and disadvantages.
The Slope Mean and Its Invariance Properties

and so hv = 2hm. However, we should have hv > 2hm, as we showed before in FIGURE 1, which means that at least one of the above two equations is false. Hence, Euclidean area measure is not applicable in noneuclidean geometry. How does one prove that (base x altitude)/2 is well-defined in Euclidean geometry, and what accounts for the difference in noneuclidean geometry? As is often the case in Euclidean geometry, one verifies the equation between two products of segments by transforming it into one between two quotients and then applies a proportionality theorem [3, s 20]. And that is exactly what does not work in noneuclidean geometry; in FIGURE 1
Infrared detector epitaxial designs for suppression of surface leakage current

Excessive surface leakage currents, and their associated noise, deteriorate the performance of infrared photodetectors. The conventional approach to suppress surface leakage is post-epitaxy deposition of polycrystalline or amorphous passivation layers. Disadvantages of such passivation layers are the cost and complexity of the required additional processing steps, and the fact that they do not always work well. An alternative approach, presented here, is to design the photodetectors' epitaxial structures so that surface leakage currents are suppressed without the need for ex-situ deposition of passivation layers. Two examples of such epitaxial designs are the nBn detector and the unipolar barrier photodiode.
Utilization of exogenous linolenic and oleic acids for plasma membrane phosphoglyceride systhesis in L-Fibroblasts

Abstract The inability of the strain L-fibroblast to synthesize quatitatively significant amounts of polyenoic fatty acid and the apparent lack of turnover of their phosphoglyceride acyl groups under the usual conditions of cell culture makes them especially well suited for studies concerning the effect of fatty acid unsaturation on biological membranes. Such cells grown in the absence of exogenous lipid sources have in their phosphoglycerides only traces of polyenoic fatty acid. By infusing fatty acid supplements into suspension cultures of logarithmically growing cultures of L-fibroblasts it is possible to increase singnificantly their phosphoglyceride polyenoic fatty content to as much as 50% of the total lipid phosphoglyceride fatty acids. The infusion of fatty acid supplements at a constant rate over a 48 h time period diminishes the toxic effects which may accompany single doses of unesterified fatty acid and reduces considerably the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Cultures supplemented in this way have virtually the same generation times as non-supplemented control cultures. The data show that alterations in surface membrane and homogenate polyenoic fatty acid composition are minimal when oleic acid is supplied to the culture. During exposure to large amounts of polyenoic fatty acid, however, the unsaturation of plasma membrane total phosphoglyceride fraction is less than that of the cell homogenate. This effect is more pronounced in the phosphatidylethanolamine than in the phosphatidylcholine fraction.
Isoform-Specific Transcriptional Activity of Overlapping Target Genes that Respond to Thyroid Hormone Receptors α1 and β1

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are hormone-regulated transcription factors that control multiple aspects of physiology and development. TRs are expressed in vertebrates as a series of distinct isoforms that exert distinct biological roles. We wished to determine whether the two most widely expressed isoforms, TR alpha 1 and TR beta 1, exert their different biological effects by regulating different sets of target genes. Using stably transformed HepG2 cells and a microarray analysis, we were able to demonstrate that TR alpha 1 and TR beta 1 regulate a largely overlapping repertoire of target genes in response to T(3) hormone. However, these two isoforms display very different transcriptional properties on each individual target gene, ranging from a much greater T(3)-mediated regulation by TR alpha 1 than by TR beta 1, to near equal regulation by both isoforms. We also identified TR alpha 1 and TR beta 1 target genes that were regulated by these receptors in a hormone-independent fashion. We suggest that it is this gene-specific, isoform-specific amplitude of transcriptional regulation that is the likely basis for the appearance and maintenance of TR alpha 1 and TR beta 1 over evolutionary time. In essence, TR alpha 1 and TR beta 1 adjust the magnitude of the transcriptional response at different target genes to different levels; by altering the ratio of these isoforms in different tissues or at different developmental times, the intensity of T(3) response can be individually tailored to different physiological and developmental requirements.
Nonlocal Effect on Stiffness Measurements of a Collagen Molecule

Accurate modeling of collagen molecules including their stiffness is essential for our understanding of mechanics of collagen fibers and tissues where these fibers play a prominent role. Studies of mechanical properties of collagen molecules employing various experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations yield a broad range of values of the modulus of elasticity. The effect of nonlocal elasticity on the molecule stiffness derived from experiments and simulations is assessed in this brief. The estimate of the correction accounting for the nonlocal effect utilizes the exact solution of the nonlocal elasticity theory for one-dimensional elastic bars. It is demonstrated that the effect of nonlocal elasticity on the stiffness of collagen molecules can be neglected.
Extraction of resonances from meson-nucleon reactions.

We present a pedagogical study of the commonly employed speed-plot (SP) and time-delay (TD) methods for extracting the resonance parameters from the data of two-particle coupled-channels reactions. Within several exactly solvable models, it is found that these two methods find poles on different Riemann sheets and are not always valid. We then develop an analytic continuation method for extracting nucleon resonances within a dynamical coupled-channel formulation of $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}N$ reactions. The main focus of this paper is on resolving the complications from the coupling with the unstable $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Delta}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}N$, and $\ensuremath{\sigma}N$ channels, which decay into $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ states. By using the results from the considered exactly solvable models, explicit numerical procedures are presented and verified. As a first application of the developed analytic continuation method, we present the nucleon resonances in some partial waves extracted within a recently developed coupled-channels model of $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ reactions. The results from this realistic $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ model, which includes $\ensuremath{\pi}N$, $\ensuremath{\eta}N$, $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Delta}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}N$, and $\ensuremath{\sigma}N$ channels, also show that the simple pole parametrization of the resonant propagator using the poles extracted from SP and TD methods works poorly.
Real-time optical monitoring of heteroepitaxial growth processes on Si under pulsed chemical beam epitaxy conditions

For an understanding of the surface chemistry and defect formation during the initial nucleation period and heteroepitaxial overgrowth process, real-time methods with sub-monolayer resolution are essential. We present results of a combined study of p-polarized reflectance (PRS), reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS), and laser light scattering (LLS) during the growth of GaP on Si by pulsed chemical beam epitaxy (PCBE) with tertiarybutylphosphine, triethylgallium, and trimethylindium precursors. The pulsed supply of chemical precursors causes a periodic alteration of a surface reaction layer, which is observed as periodic fine structure in the PR and RD transients. This fine structure is used to study the nucleation and overgrowth process with submonolayer resolution. Both, PRS and RDS, show changes in the initial nucleation period, which are related to the three-dimensional nucleation process. The surface reaction kinetics for the precursors is studied under quasi-steady-state growth conditions.
Poly(oleic diacid-co-glycerol): Comparison of Polymer Structure Resulting from Chemical and Lipase Catalysis

This study compares the synthesis and structure of poly(oleic diacid-co-glycerol) that results by using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozym 435, N435) and dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO) as catalysts. By using N435 catalysis and an oleic diacid to glycerol molar ratio of 1.0:1.0, the resulting polyester number-average molecular weights (Mn) were 6000 g/mol at 6 h and 9100 g/mol at 24 h with low branching degree (Den% of glycerol 13%−16%). 13C NMR spectra of these polyesters revealed their chain-ends consist exclusively of monosubstituted glycerol units. Further diversification in polymer structure was achieved by using N435 catalysis and by changing the feed ratio of oleic diacid to glycerol from 1.0:1.0 to 1.5:1.0 in 0.1 increments. Resulting polyesters were not cross-linked (no observed gel fraction), had similar Mn values (generally between 4800 and 6000 g/mol), but differed in dendritic unit content, glycerol unit degree of substitution, and end-group structure (monosubstituted glyercol versus c...
The Practice of Forensic Economics: An Introduction

Valuation of economic losses related to specific events such as auto accidents, employment termination, breach of contract, to name a few, has developed into the applied field that has come to be known as forensic economics. Research indicates that most forensic economists (FEs) are solo practitioners, typically holding a full-time position at an academic institution. A successful FE must become the master of the “art” of applying and communicating knowledge as a paid expert in a legal context. This paper provides an overview of the practice of forensic economics by explaining to economists the scope and nature of the field. The paper covers the role of the economist within the adversarial process that is the law, and case strategies used by attorneys when they engage the services of an economist. Also discussed is the nature of a forensic economics assignment and the basic method by which economists approach the calculation of economic losses. The paper touches upon some of the measurements required to arrive at a reasonable estimate of economic damages, and emphasizes the dual art-and-science nature of applied economics. A discussion of the aspects of expert testimony is included with an emphasis on the need to be able to withstand strong cross-examination at both depositions and trials. A list of helpful references is provided.
A new technique to estimate infant mortality with an application for El Salvador and Colombia.

The paper presents new estimates of infant mortality for Colombia and El Salvador for the years 1950–1970. These estimates are obtained by using a technique which improves on Brass’s method in that it suppresses the assumption of constant mortality and introduces instead assumptions about linear and nonlinear changes in mortality risks affecting various cohorts of individuals.
Submicron resolution of secondary radiation in LIGA polymethyl-methacrylate resist exposure

Secondary radiation during LIGA polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resist exposure adversely affects feature definition, sidewall taper, and overall sidewall offset. Additionally, it can degrade the resist adjacent to the substrate, leading to the loss of free-standing features through undercutting during resist development or through mechanical failure of the degraded material. The source of this radiation includes photoelectrons, Auger electrons, fluorescence photons, etc. Sandia's Integrated Tiger Series (ITS), a coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code, is used to compute dose profiles within 1 to 2 µm of the absorber edge and near the interface of the resist with a metallized substrate. The difficulty of submicron resolution requirement was overcome by solving a few local problems, having carefully designed micron-scale geometries. The results for a 10-keV x-ray photons source indicate a 2-µm dose transition region near the absorber edge, resulting from PMMA photoelectrons. This region leads to sidewall offset and to tapered sidewalls following resist development. The results also show a dose boundary layer of around 1 µm near the substrate interface due to electrons emitted from the substrate metallization layer. The maximum dose at the resist bottom under the absorber can be very high and can lead to feature loss during development. This model is also used to investigate resist doses resulting from multilayer substrate.
Defining an Acidosis-Based Ischemic Penumbra from pH-Weighted MRI

It has been proposed that the spatial mismatch between deficits on perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in MRI can be used to decide regarding thrombolytic treatment in acute stroke. However, uncertainty remains about the meaning and reversibility of the perfusion deficit and even part of the diffusion deficit. Thus, there remains a need for continued development of imaging technology that can better define a potentially salvageable ischemic area at risk of infarction. Amide proton transfer imaging is a novel MRI method that can map tissue pH changes, thus providing the potential to separate the PWI/DWI mismatch into an acidosis-based penumbra and a zone of benign oligemia. In this totally noninvasive method, the pH dependence of the chemical exchange between amide protons in endogenous proteins and peptides and water protons is exploited. Early results in animal models of ischemia show promise to derive an acidosis penumbra. Possible translation to the clinic and hurdles standing in the way of achieving this are discussed.
Dispersion compensation in whispering-gallery modes

We show that manipulation by a spatial profile of the refractive index of a circularly symmetric dielectric cavity results in a novel way of fine tuning frequency separations as well as spatial localizations of high-Q whispering-gallery modes excited in the cavity. The method permits dispersion compensation in the modes (spectrum equalization), diminishes the quality-factor limitation by surface roughness and contamination, and allows critical coupling to ultra-high-Q modes without maintaining an air gap with evanescent couplers.
Effect of Matrix Properties on the Performance of a Counterflow Rotary Dehumidifier

Utilisation d'un modele aux differences finies d'un deshumidificateur rotatif a contre courant pour determiner l'influence de six proprietes de la matrice poreuse employee sur les performances de cet appareil en regime permanent
Effect of environmental temperature on sleep, locomotor activity, core body temperature and immune responses of C57BL/6J mice

Ambient temperature exerts a prominent influence on sleep. In rats and humans, low ambient temperatures generally impair sleep, whereas higher temperatures tend to promote sleep. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate sleep patterns and core body temperatures of C57BL/6J mice at ambient temperatures of 22, 26 and 30 degrees C under baseline conditions, after sleep deprivation (SD), and after infection with influenza virus. C57BL/6J mice were surgically implanted with electrodes for recording electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) and with intraperitoneal transmitters for recording core body temperature (T(c)) and locomotor activity. The data indicate that higher ambient temperatures (26 and 30 degrees C) promote spontaneous slow wave sleep (SWS) in association with reduced delta wave amplitude during SWS in C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, higher ambient temperatures also promote recuperative sleep after SD. Thus, in mice, higher ambient temperatures reduced sleep depth under normal conditions, but augmented the recuperative response to sleep loss. Mice infected with influenza virus while maintained at 22 or 26 degrees C developed more SWS, less rapid eye movement sleep, lower locomotor activity and greater hypothermia than did mice maintained at 30 degrees C during infection. In addition, despite equivalent viral titers, mice infected with influenza virus at 30 degrees C showed less leucopenia and lower cytokine induction as compared with 22 and 26 degrees C, respectively, suggesting that less inflammation develops at the higher ambient temperature.
The U.S. Manufacturing Recovery: Uptick or Renaissance?

The notable rebound of U.S. manufacturing activity following the Great Recession has raised the question of whether the sector might be experiencing a renaissance. Using panel regressions, we find that a depreciating real exchange rate, an increasing spread in natural gas prices between the United States and other G-7 countries, and in particular decreasing unit labor costs have had a positive impact on U.S. manufacturing production. While we find it unlikely for manufacturing to become a main engine of growth in the United States, we find that U.S. manufacturing exports could provide nonnegligible growth opportunities going forward.
Post-traumatic stress: Clinical implications

P ost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that consists of a set of characteristic signs and symptoms (eg, flashbacks; avoidance; detachment; decreased interest in formerly enjoyable events; and physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, insomnia, exaggerated startle response). The physiologic response, risk factors, and symptom clusters were presented in part one1 of this series of 2 articles. This discussion focuses on the assessment and treatment of patients with PTSD. The burden of PTSD on the American health care system is hard to measure. Estimates of the incidence of PTSD vary from 0.2% of postpartum women to 18% of professional firefighters to 67% of prisoners of war.2 PTSD may affect about 1 in 25 adults in the United States.3 No epidemiologic studies have examined the health care costs specifically associated with PTSD. Furthermore, many people with PTSD do not receive adequate treatment and continue to suffer disability. Patients with PTSD often seek care in primary health settings (eg, emergency department, out-patient settings) because of the ease of access and their initial reluctance to seek mental health interventions. They often will complain of vague somatic symptoms that are difficult to readily diagnose in a setting that does not allow for extended contact time. Although their time may be limited, health care professionals can still provide therapeutic care and refer their patients to appropriate mental health providers.
Analysis of novel streptavidin-binding peptides, identified using a phage display library, shows that amino acids external to a perfectly conserved consensus sequence and to the presented peptides contribute to binding.

Streptavidin-binding peptides containing the consensus amino acid sequence motif EPDW were identified using a phage display library. Phage presenting peptides containing these sequences bound streptavidin in a biotin-sensitive fashion and could be eluted with biotin. The previously identified ‘streptag’ peptide sequence (AWRHPQGG) competed with phage presenting the EPDW consensus sequence for streptavidin binding. Furthermore, the EPDW sequence has two amino acids in common with yet another previously identified streptavidin-binding sequence, GDWVFI, which has similar biochemical properties. Binding inhibition studies revealed that residues flanking EPDW, as well as residues of the modified phage pIII product to which displayed peptides are fused, contributed to streptavidin binding. The derivation of small molecules based on the structure of peptides selected using display methods is a potentially important application of phage display technology. The relevance of the observations made here for that application are discussed. Finally, a group of ‘nuisance’ peptides of the consensus sequence WHWWXW, whose binding specificity has not been fully elucidated, but which have been isolated in a number of biopanning experiments, including those that do not utilize streptavidin, are also described.
Selection for resistance to the maize weevil in kernels of maize

Significant differences in progeny numbers, weights and developmental periods of weevils were found among maize slections. Resistance to weevil attack increased through selection in dent types but not in flint types. Resistance was located in the pericarp, which is maternal tissue. In the nearly homozygous dent lines the pericarp and embryo are genetically similar. Lack of success in the selection for resistance in the flint sources is explained by the difference in genotypes between pericarp and embryo, as little inbreeding had occurred. Some degree of antibiosis was found in the endosperm.
Wear characteristics in thin-film media

Abstract This paper focuses on the influence of sublayer mechanical properties on tribological phenomena affecting thin-film media. To isolate the influence of individual sublayers, disks used in this investigation possessed fewer layers than commercial media. Pin-on-disk experimentation was performed to investigate friction and wear of r.f.-sputtered carbon deposited on two different substrates: an Al 5086 disk possessing a hard NiP coating, and a softer and more ductile Al 1100 disk. The C/NiP disk had an apparent wear rate lower than the C/Al 1100 disk. The friction forces measured during testing were found to exhibit differences in trend and magnitude. The C/Al 1100 disk produced mean friction curves which increased rapidly and subsequently levelled off. The friction curves of the C/NiP disk showed a tendency to increase slowly and steadily throughout the test. During the early stages of the wear process, the C/Al 1100 disk displayed substantial plastic deformation or ploughing of the track region. Failure of the overcoat occurs through fracture and delamination of the carbon film. During the wear process, the C/NiP disk displayed evidence of adhesive wear. After a large number of passes, abrasive wear became a significant contributing wear mechanism.
Phosphate inhibition of soluble copper corrosion by-product release

Abstract Copper corrosion by-product release to potable water is a complex function of pipe age, water quality, stagnation time, and type of phosphate inhibitor. Moderate (≈1 mg/l as P) doses of polyphosphate or orthophosphate generally decreased copper release in pipe rig tests of >3 years duration. The exception was pH 7.2 and alkalinity 300 mg/l as CaCO3, in which phosphate dosing significantly increased copper release over long time periods by hindering the formation of relatively insoluble malachite scale. Dosing of polyphosphates, which is invariably a blend of orthophosphate and polyphosphate due to reversion, was not as beneficial as orthophosphate. These relative effects are consistent with expectations based on simplistic solubility models, in which copper complexation by polyphosphate tends to increase soluble copper release, whereas higher doses of orthophosphate tend to decrease copper solubility.
Mechanism of Action of Myosin X, a Membrane-associated Molecular Motor

Abstract We have performed a detailed biochemical kinetic and spectroscopic study on a recombinant myosin X head construct to establish a quantitative model of the enzymatic mechanism of this membrane-bound myosin. Our model shows that during steady-state ATP hydrolysis, myosin X exhibits a duty ratio (i.e. the fraction of the cycle time spent strongly bound to actin) of around 16%, but most of the remaining myosin heads are also actin-attached even at moderate actin concentrations in the so-called “weak” actin-binding states. Contrary to the high duty ratio motors myosin V and VI, the ADP release rate constant from actomyosin X is around five times greater than the maximal steady-state ATPase activity, and the kinetic partitioning between different weak actin-binding states is a major contributor to the rate limitation of the enzymatic cycle. Two different ADP states of myosin X are populated in the absence of actin, one of which shows very similar kinetic properties to actomyosin·ADP. The nucleotide-free complex of myosin X with actin shows unique spectral and biochemical characteristics, indicating a special mode of actomyosin interaction.
Botulinum Toxin Infiltration for Pain Control After Mastectomy and Expander Reconstruction

Introduction: We hypothesized botulinum toxin (BT) infiltration of the chest wall musculature after mastectomy would create a prolonged inhibition of muscle spasm and postoperative pain, facilitating tissue expander reconstruction.
Astrogliosis in culture. IV. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor

Previous studies have shown that the mechanical wounding of 3-week-old cultured rat astrocytes results in cell proliferation and hypertrophy resembling astrocyte responses to a brain injury in vivo. We now report the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and an anti-bFGF antibody on astrocyte morphology, proliferation, and migration following in vitro wounding of confluent secondary cultures. Addition of bFGF (20 ng/ml) to wounded cultures induced morphological changes characteristic of differentiation in wounded and nonwounded areas of the culture. Combined treatment with bFGF and an anti-bFGF antibody (100 micrograms/ml) prevented this effect. Astrocyte proliferation along the edges of a scratch wound was at maximum 24 hr after wounding in cells growing in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) containing 10% serum. Low serum concentration and treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbc-AMP) reduced injury-associated astrocyte proliferation. Addition of bFGF to cultures in EMEM with serum increased astrocyte proliferation at 18 and 24 hr after wounding. This effect was reduced considerably by treatment of cultures with bFGF in combination with an anti-bFGF antibody. The combined treatment and the antibody alone reduced cell division to a level lower than in control cultures. Twenty-four hr following wounding, astrocytes along the edges of the wound exhibited extension of thick, flat processes into the wound area. At 3 and 5 days after wounding, a bodily migration of astrocytes into the wounded area was observed. Addition of bFGF significantly increased astrocyte migration 1 day after wounding, with maximum effect on day 3 and no subsequent increase on day 5. A combination of bFGF and anti-bFGF antibody as well as the antibody alone reduced astrocyte migration to a level lower than in controls. Immunohistochemical localization and isoform pattern of bFGF in astrocytes did not change with dbc-AMP treatment or wounding. We conclude that mechanically wounded confluent astrocytes respond to bFGF added to the culture medium by enhancing cell division, differentiation, and migration. In addition, the results of the antibody treatment also suggest a role for endogenous bFGF in astrocyte proliferation and migration elicited by wounding in vitro. These results support the notion that in vivo, both bFGF released by injury and endogenous bFGF synthesized by astrocytes, contribute to the cellular responses that lead to astrogliosis.
Creation of Allotypic Active Sites during Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is a factor in a series of diseases and aging, primarily through irreversible oxidative modification of proteins.1-3 A major question is how nonenzymatic oxidation has the specificity to impact cellular regulation. Here, we report the degree to which in vivo protein oxidation to the ketone and aldehyde level is random using yeast as a simple model system and hydrogen peroxide as an environmental oxidative stress agent. Among 415 affinity-selected proteins identified throughout the matrix of stressed cells, oxidation sites were found in 87, predominantly on lysine, arginine, proline, histidine, threonine, and methionine residues. In almost all cases, one to two specific oxidation sites on the exterior of proteins were identified using MS-derived sequence and publicly available 3-D structural data. This suggests that, when regulation or disease progression is mediated by protein oxidation, specific new “allotypic active sites” are being created in proteins that trigger the process. Keywords...
A Critical Examination of the Use of the Term and Concept of Comorbidity in Psychopathology Research

The term and concept of comorbidlty has been receiving increasing currency in the psychopathology literature. Nevertheless, most uses of this term in contemporary psychopathology research do not adequately distinguish between the nature of conditions in organic medicine (which typically approximate “diseases”) and those in descriptive psychopathology (which are typically “syndromes” or, more rarely, “disorders”), and blur the distinction between latent constructs and manifest indicators. Specific problems with use of the term comorbidlty include its (a) application to childhood and personality disorders and (b) inconsistent usage. We conclude that, with the possible exception of its use to describe some organic mental disorders, application of the term comorbidlty to psychopathologlcal syndromes encourages the premature rerHcation of diagnostic entities and arguably has led to more confusion than clarification.
Electron microprobe investigation into the diffusion of ions through polymers

The objective of this investigation is to study the mechanism of ion diffusion through polymeric films and coatings. A better understanding of this phenomenon should aid progress with problems such as corrosion protection and desalination membranes. The authors wish to report some preliminary results obtained by means of electron microprobe analysis.
Towards Martins minimum

We show that it is consistent with MA + ¬CH that the Forcing Axiom fails for all forcing notions in the class of ωω–bounding forcing notions with norms of [17].
Business Citizenship at Work: Cultural Transposition and Class Formation in Cincinnati, 1870 - 1910

This article links class analysis and institutionalism through a case study of late‐19th‐century employers. Class analysis extends institutionalism by highlighting an additional source of cultural transposition—a generalized identity summarized here as “business citizenship.” Institutionalism, in turn, shows how civic associations worked to unify employers and foster an overarching class consciousness. The case study provides an overview of class formation among Cincinnati employers and illustrates how business citizenship carried over from the realms of political reform and high culture to personnel management and industrial training. Some comparative observations suggest this pattern of class formation and cultural transposition was typical.
An Algorithm to Find all Regression Quantiles Using Bicriteria Optimization

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTRegression quantiles are a robust alternative to the popular least squares regression, and provide good descriptive statistics for the data. Our objectives in this paper are (i) to show that the problem “determine all regression quantiles associated with a data set” can be formulated as a bicriteria linear programming problem, and (ii) to present a simple algorithm which combines parametric programming with the simplex algorithm and exploits the special problem structure to solve that problem. We illustrate the proposed algorithm with a simple example.
Relationship between protein adsorptive capacity and the x-ray diffraction pattern of aluminium hydroxide adjuvants

Thermal treatment during the preparation of aluminium hydroxide adjuvants affects the primary crystallite size of the adjuvant. The primary crystallite size can be characterized by the line broadening of the (020) reflection of the X-ray diffraction pattern. Studies of protein adsorption using bovine serum albumin as a model protein revealed a direct relationship between the albumin adsorptive capacity and the width at half height (WHH) of the (020) reflection in the X-ray diffraction pattern.
Core-shell gold nanoparticle assembly as novel electrocatalyst of CO oxidation

This paper reports findings of an investigation of the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) that occurs at nanocrystal gold cores with thiolate monolayer encapsulation and within a core−shell network assembly. The core−shell and network combinations allow the manipulation of core size properties and enhance the stability of nanosized catalysts against the propensity of aggregation while being catalytically active. Using alkanedithiolate-linked thin films assembled from two different gold core sizes (2 and 5 nm), we have demonstrated that the capped nanosites are both electrochemically accessible and catalytically active to CO oxidation upon electrochemical activation. Cyclic voltammetric data are presented for assessing the electrocatalytic properties. The results have important implications for the design and tailoring of nanosized gold catalysts via manipulating core−shell chemistry.
Finance Capital and the State: An Analysis of Ownership and Control of Large Corporations in an East Asian Newly Industrializing Country*

This article examines the nature of ownership and control of the top South Korean corporations. It addresses the strategic question of the separation of ownership from control, family, and institutional forms of stock ownership, and whether the capitalist class has gained control of finance capital. These issues are examined within a Marxist theoretical framework so as to understand the transformation of the class structure of South Korea, including changes in the structure of the capitalist class and the role of the state in this process. The article provides an assessment of the nature and degree of control of the state by finance capital and identifies the linkages between the largest corporations and banks through the application of network analysis in the South Korean context.
Exact confidence intervals following a group sequential trial: A comparison of methods

SUMMARY With interest in designing group sequential clinical trials increasing, methodology for analysing the data arising in such trials is needed. We discuss several approaches to constructing confidence intervals for the parameter of interest in a group sequential trial after the trial has ended. We compare these met1fods to one already in the literature and point out interesting differences.
Two algorithms for compressing noise like signals

Compression is a technique that is used to encode data so that the data needs less storage/memory space. Compression of random data is vital in case where data where we need preserve data that has low redundancy and whose power spectrum is close to noise. In case of noisy signals that are used in various data hiding schemes the data has low redundancy and low energy spectrum. Therefore, upon compressing with lossy compression algorithms the low energy spectrum might get lost. Since the LSB plane data has low redundancy, lossless compression algorithms like Run length, Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding are in effective in providing a good compression ratio. These problems motivated in developing a new class of compression algorithms for compressing noisy signals. In this paper, we introduce a two new compression technique that compresses the random data like noise with reference to know pseudo noise sequence generated using a key. In addition, we developed a representation model for digital media using the pseudo noise signals. For simulation, we have made comparison between our methods and existing compression techniques like Run length that shows the Run length cannot compress when data is random but the proposed algorithms can compress. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms can be extended to all kinds of random data used in various applications.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Globalization and commercialization of Caribbean music

This article discusses the impact of globalization on Anglophone Caribbean popular music—calypso and reggae—chronologically addressing its aesthetic and economic transformations from the early 1900s through to the twenty-first century. It explores the artistic and commercial consequences of unequal transcultural interaction in both aural and visual realms, and also assesses the implications surrounding the recent international impact of performers from Barbados.
Extrathyroidal extension is not all equal: Implications of macroscopic versus microscopic extent in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background Extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is a risk factor for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Although initial data supporting this was based on gross ETE noted at surgery, current treatment regimens group patients with microscopic ETE—identified only on histopathology—similarly to those with macroscopic (gross) ETE. This study was designed to assess the influence of microscopic ETE on disease recurrence. Methods Retrospective analysis of 212 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for PTC between 1995 and 2004 with minimum 3-year follow-up was conducted. Results Of 212 patients, 71 had ETE; 32% were macroscopic and 68% microscopic. Patient demographics, tumor variables, and adjuvant therapy were similar between both ETE groups. Recurrence rates were 52% for macroscopic ETE, 21% for microscopic ETE, and 13% without ETE. On multivariate analysis, patients with macroscopic ETE had a 6.4-fold increased relative risk of recurrence compared with patients with microscopic ETE ( P Conclusion Macroscopic ETE has a higher incidence of disease recurrence than microscopic ETE, implying they should be considered separately when devising adjuvant treatment regimens. The significance of microscopic ETE is undetermined.