cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topological insulator based spin valve devices: Evidence for spin polarized transport of spin-momentum-locked topological surface states

Spin-momentum helical locking is one of the most important properties of the nontrivial topological surface states (TSS) in 3D topological insulators (TIs). It underlies the iconic topological protection (suppressing elastic backscattering) of TSS and is foundational to many exotic physics (e.g., majorana fermions) and device applications (e.g., spintronics) predicted for TIs. Based on this spin-momentum locking, a current flowing on the surface of a TI would be spin-polarized in a characteristic in-plane direction perpendicular to the current, and the spin-polarization would reverse when the current direction reverses. Observing such a spin-helical current in transport measurements is a major goal in TI research and applications. We report spin-dependent transport measurements in spin valve devices fabricated from exfoliated thin flakes of Bi2Se3 (a prototype 3D TI) with ferromagnetic (FM) Ni contacts. Applying an in-plane magnetic (B) field to polarize the Ni contacts along their easy axis, we observe an asymmetry in the hysteretic magnetoresistance (MR) between opposite B field directions. The “polarity” of the asymmetry in MR can be reversed by reversing the direction of the DC current. The observed asymmetric MR can be understood as a spin-valve effect between the current-induced spin polarization on the TI surface (due to spin-momentum-locking of TSS) and the spin-polarized ferromagnetic contacts. Our results provide a direct transport evidence for the spin helical current in TSS.
Compensation for research-related injuries. Ethical and legal issues.

The rapid increase in litigation related to biomedical research on human subjects has highlighted the importance of developing policies addressing compensation for research-related injuries. 1 Alth...
HIGH TEMPERATURE NANOINDENTATION OF NI-BASE SUPERALLOYS

Novel techniques for characterizing and assessing the properties of Ni-base superalloys are becoming increasingly important to the accelerated development of new structural alloys and the advancement of physics-based mechanical property models. Instrumented indentation techniques have long served as a useful approach for probing the mechanical response of a wide range of engineering materials. Nano and micro-indentation techniques are particularly well suited for measuring the properties of materials and structures in which the size or volume of the sample would make conventional mechanical testing methods cumbersome or cost prohibitive. Deformation volumes can be carefully controlled such that indentation can be applied to probe the properties of specific phases or features present within the microstructure. Moreover, recent developments in micromachining of micropedestal specimens via focused ion milling, chemical etching or femtosecond laser ablation allow for the direct assessment of compressive stress-strain responses using indentation equipment. Since high temperature structural materials, such as Ni-base superalloys, are primarily used in a variety of critical applications for turbine engines, materials development and usage of life prediction models has traditionally been extremely conservative. Predictive physics-based deformation models may increase the confidence of the property values and minimize some of the design conservatism, thus allowing more efficient materials usage and contributing to more efficient engine operation. Such predictive models may also accelerate the development of high temperature structural materials with improved temperature capability to further enhance engine performance. Recent developments have led to the ability to conduct instrumented micro/nano-indentation at elevated temperatures. Utilization of high temperature indentation techniques may potentially address some of these challenges associated with understanding the fundamental deformation mechanisms across limited length scales as well as establish new methods of utilizing combinatorial techniques for the design of structural materials.
THE THREE PHASES OF LAND-USE CHANGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY

Traditional economic models of land-use change have focused on factors such as distance to population centers, available labor supply, population density, and patterns of existing infrastructure, such as roads. While such models can reproduce urban sprawl, they do not address such fundamental issues as the causes of initial human settlement locations, variation in the growth rates of different urban centers, and the ecological con- sequences of different economic drivers. A complementary approach, based on properties of the environment related to net primary productivity, predicts the temporal and spatial patterns of development and land-use change associated with three distinct phases of eco- nomic development: agricultural, industrial, and information/communication. Initial land- use patterns, established in response to environmental constraints on agriculture, are se- lectively amplified based on the subsequent requirements for industrialization. These en- vironmental constraints are later relaxed during the information/communication phase of development, which affects portions of the landscape that were little affected by the first two phases. This sequence of events produces a predictable change in the distribution of human population density and land-use intensity that impacts different components of biodiversity over time. The agricultural phase tends to eliminate those components of biodiversity that depend on high-productivity environments, while preserving those com- ponents that can survive on marginal lands. However, the transition from an industrial to an information-driven economy breaks the linkage between productivity and land-use in- tensity, and allows intensification of human impacts in areas that had been protected by the constraints imposed by agricultural and industrial economies. As a consequence, the remaining reservoirs of biodiversity on marginal lands are now being threatened as formerly remote rural areas are being developed for recreational and residential use, particularly in the western United States.
Probabilistic Diagnosis of Link Loss Using End-to-End Path Measurements and Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Internet fault diagnosis has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, we focus on the problem of finding the Link Pass Ratios (LPRs) when the Path Pass Ratios (PPRs) of a set of paths are given. Usually, given the PPRs of the paths, the LPRs of a significant percentage of the links cannot be uniquely determined because the system is under-constrained. We consider the Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the LPRs of such links. We prove that the problem of finding the Maximum Likelihood Estimation is NP-hard, then propose a simple algorithm based on divide-and-conquer. We first estimate the number of faulty links on a path, then use the global information to assign LPRs to the links. We conduct simulations on networks of various sizes and the results show that our algorithm performs very well in terms of identifying faulty links.
A System-Level Modeling Methodology for Performance-Driven Component Selection in Multicore Architectures

System complexity, driven by both increasing transistor count and customer need for more and more savvy applications, has increased so dramatically that system design and integration can no longer be an after-thought. With this increasing complexity of the system design, it has become very critical to enhance system design productivity to meet the time-to-market demands and reduce product development cost. Realtime embedded system designers are facing extreme challenges in the underlying architectural design selection. This involves the selection of a programmable, concurrent, heterogeneous multiprocessor architecture platform. Such a multiprocessor-system-on-chip platform has set innovative trends for the realtime systems and system-on-chip designers. The consequences of this trend imply a shift in concern from computation and sequential algorithms to modeling concurrency, synchronization, and communication in every aspect of hardware and software codesign and development. Therefore, there is a need for a high level methodology that can provide a complete system modeling and architecture/component selection platform. The proposed six-step system modeling methodology provides a process for performance driven component selection, to avoid costly iterative system design re-spins, thereby enhancing system design productivity. We demonstrate our methodology by applying it onto a network-on-chip architecture for selecting its components given certain system specification and system-level performance requirements.
Meteorology meets engineering: an interdisciplinary STEM module for middle and early secondary school students

Given the continued need to educate the public on both the meteorological and engineering hazards posed by the severe winds of a tornado, an interdisciplinary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) module designed by the faculty from the Oceanography and Mechanical Engineering Departments at the United States Naval Academy (USNA) was developed to engage students ages 12 to 16 in the fields of meteorology and engineering. Interdisciplinary educational modules such as this one are becoming increasingly common components of academic outreach programs, but to our knowledge, this is one of the first to combine the fields of meteorology and engineering. While many studies have examined changes in student engagement and interest in the STEM fields as a result of participating in interdisciplinary activities such as this one, relatively fewer have focused on quantifying changes in student content knowledge. The primary purposes of this paper are to (1) describe our interdisciplinary STEM module in detail and (2) report immediate changes in students' knowledge on basic meteorological and engineering content as a result of their participation in the module. Results from a quick, easy-to-administer assessment instrument given to students immediately before and after their participation in the 1-h module indicated that they learned basic content in both meteorology and engineering. Mean improvement of scores on the assessment questions was 40.2%, a change that was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Other studies that focus on quantifying student learning may wish to lengthen the time between student participation in the module and the administration of the post-module assessment. Our interdisciplinary module integrated material from meteorology and engineering and was successful at promoting student learning. We recommend that other institutions consider developing similar interdisciplinary STEM activities, and we particularly encourage the development of activities that relate to current events. Finally, we recommend assessing content learning as another way to measure the success of interdisciplinary STEM activities.
Estimates of Strike-Slip Offset in Southwestern Arizona

The ratio of strike slip to dip slip is a function of the net slip on a fault. Assuming that the Basin and Range province of southwestern Arizona lies within a zone of deformation between the North American and Pacific plates, this ratio suggests the existence of strike-slip components of movement on range-bounding faults in this area. Across southwestern Arizona, estimates yield ∼20 km of strike-slip offset since late Eocene time (30 m.y. B.P.).
Advice to New Graduates: Get (at Least) One Year of Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing Experience Before Working in Medical-Surgical Settings

New graduates are often discouraged from working in psychiatric/mental health settings by “well-meaning” nurses and nursing faculty (especially non-psychiatric/mental health nurses and nursing faculty). Often these individuals advise new graduates that they should get at least one year of medical-surgical nursing experience before working in psychiatric/mental health nursing.
Evidence for the close association of a glycoprotein with myelin in rat brain.

— Myelin was purified from rats which had been injected intracerebrally with radioactive fucose in order to label specifically the glycoproteins. Myelin contained a small amount of fucose-labelled glycoproteins in comparison to that in other subcellular fractions, but polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate revealed a unique pattern of radioactive glycoproteins dominated by a major peak. The same glycoprotein was not prominent in the other subcellular fractions which were examined. This major glycoprotein in the myelin fraction was also labelled after injection with [3H]glucosamine or N-[3H]acetylmannosamine. It was the most intensely staining myelin protein when gels were treated with periodic acid-Schiff reagents, an indication that, in terms of protein-bound carbohydrate, it is the major glycoprotein in the myelin fraction. The glycoprotein was present in myelin purified from rats ranging in age from 14 days to 14 months. Extensive recycling of the myelin through the purification procedures did not significantly reduce the amount of glycoprotein in the myelin. Double label experiments with [3H]fucose and [14C]fucose were used to compare glycoproteins in myelin purified from white and grey matter, respectively, and from mixed homogenates of myelinated and unmyelinated brain. The results obtained from these experiments suggested that the glycoprotein is closely associated with myelin and that it is not in an unrelated contaminating structure. Possible locations of the glycoprotein are discussed. They include the myelin membrane itself, the oligodendroglial plasma membrane, and the axolemma of myelinated axons.
Adjuvant therapy sparing in rectal cancer achieving complete response after chemoradiation.

AIM: To evaluate the long-term results of conventional chemoradiotherapy and laparoscopic mesorectal excision in rectal adenocarcinoma patients without adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum staged cT3-T4 by endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging received neoadjuvant continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for five weeks and concomitant radiotherapy. Laparoscopic surgery was planned after 5-8 wk. Patients diagnosed with ypT0N0 stage cancer were not treated with adjuvant therapy according to the protocol. Patients with ypT1-2N0 or ypT3-4 or N+ were offered 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant treatment on an individual basis. An external cohort was used as a reference for the findings. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy six patients were treated with induction chemoradiotherapy and 170 underwent total mesorectal excision. Cancer staging of ypT0N0 was achieved in 26/170 (15.3%) patients. After a median follow-up of 58.3 mo, patients with ypT0N0 had five-year disease-free and overall survival rates of 96% (95%CI: 77-99) and 100%, respectively. We provide evidence about the natural history of patients with localized rectal cancer achieving a complete response after preoperative chemoradiation. The inherent good prognosis of these patients will have implications for clinical trial design and care of patients. CONCLUSION: Withholding adjuvant chemotherapy after complete response following standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and laparoscopic mesorectal excision might be safe within an experienced multidisciplinary team.
On-Chip 3-D Model for Millimeter-Wave T-Lines with Gap Discontinuity in BiCMOS Technology

Although the discontinuity structures in the microstrip transmission lines such as a gap have been largely studied, the three-dimensional edge effects, skin effects and metal losses have hardly been analyzed in the model. In this paper, an accurate model which enable high predictability for electrical behavior of on-chip 3-D transmission line with gap discontinuity is developed from equations generated with conformal mapping techniques. The model has also been used to develope gap as a library device with schematic symbol, layout parameterized cell (PCell). T-line with gap has been implemented with back end of line (BEOL) in 0.13 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. Good correlations have been achieved up to 120 GHz among EM simulation, measurement and model, less than 2.3deg phase difference and less than 1.59 dB coupling magnitude have been achieved for all the cases. The model is scalable and can be used for the design of mm-wave passive components as well as the guideline for high density interconnects layout.
Confronting Intimate Partner Violence: A Global Health Priority

Intimate partner violence--physical, psychological, or sexual abuse of women perpetrated by intimate partners--is one of the most common forms of violence against women, and is associated with adverse women's reproductive and maternal health outcomes. We review the opportunities for addressing intimate partner violence by the health system, examine promising approaches, and outline future challenges for developing effective health-systems responses to violence. Evidence shows that women seldom approach support services in response to violence, but do seek health care at some point in their lives. In fact, women's utilization of reproductive-health services in particular has been increasing globally. These services have a broad reach and represent an important opportunity to engage in violence prevention. Although health systems-based responses to intimate partner violence have emerged, rigorous evaluations to guide program planning and policy efforts to reduce violence are limited. Programs in the United States have expanded from improving individual provider prevention practices to instituting system-wide changes to ensure sustainability of these practices. Developing-country program responses, though limited, have been system-wide and multisectoral right from the start. Our review highlights 3 challenges for developing and expanding health-systems responses to violence. First, interventions should focus on creating a supportive environment within the health system and strengthening linkages across health care and allied sectors. Second, rigorous evaluations of health sector-based interventions are needed for a sound evidence base to guide programmatic and policy decisions. Finally, research is needed to identify the entry points for engaging men on violence prevention, and to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions.
Shadows And Wedges In Scattering From The Sea

& using simple physical optics diffraction theory to calculate the distribution of diffracted illumination over the trough of a trochoidal wave del. it was found that geomtrical optics can provide a reasonable shadowing approximtion only for the higher wind speeds and radar frequencies; e.g., greater than abut 15kts at 10GH.z. Under these conditions, the dified illumination profile implied by a threshold shadowing theow leads to a "shadowing function" with a sharp cut-off below abut 2O. The standard asymptotic approximtions (Gl'D) used in wedge scattering are found to be unsuitable for describing scattering from the randomly oriented features on a real sea surface. Generalizations (MEC) turn out to b non-causal, and alternative theories (Po) give wrong results at intediate angles. The failure of both uedge and &agg scattering theories to provide a selfconsistent del of sea scatter is discussed in relation to the actual scattering structures appearing on the surface of an active sea.
Longitudinal Relationships Between Cognitive Functioning and Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic Older Adults

This study examines the relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms across 3 years in a prospective study of 273 community-dwelling, Hispanic older adults in Miami. The analyses extend the literature by testing for a bidirectional or reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning over time and by examining the relationship between these variables among Hispanics, an understudied population at risk of developing depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments. Structural equation modeling with a cross-lagged panel design showed that depressive symptoms were unrelated to subsequent cognitive functioning. However, cognitive functioning was related to subsequent depressive symptoms at every time point, such that poorer cognitive functioning was related to higher depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that cognitive declines may predict depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Hispanic older adults.
Can Permanent-Income Theory Explain Cross-Sectional Consumption Patterns?

The prediction that consumption-income ratios should decline as income rises in cross-sectional data is a feature of Friedman's (1957) permanent income hypothesis and other consumption-smoothing models. The theory thus provides a link between longitudinal income data and cross-sectional expenditure data: given measured income variability and a functional relationship between consumption and permanent income, we predict cross-sectional expenditure patterns and compare those predictions to actual values. Our approach cannot explain the actual skewness in consumption-income ratios under even the strictest consumption-smoothing model, which implies that income measurement error or other anomalies are affecting the data.
Cardiac dysrhythmias induced by autonomic nerve stimulation.

Cardiac tachydysrhythmias were induced in anesthetized dogs by electrical stimulation of the ventral lateral cardiac nerve at the level of the left pulmonary veins. Electrical activity was recorded from seven myocardial segments including the areas near the sinoatrial node, anterior, middle and posterior internodal pathways, the atrioventricular (A-V) nodal region (His bundle electrogram), the right bundle branch and the left ventricular epicardium. Electrical stimulation of the ventral lateral cardiac nerve induced a variety of supraventricular and ventricular tachydysrhythmias. Various degrees of heart block were induced, second degree block rostral to the His bundle, and total A-V dissociation. A-V junctional rhythms, bundle of His pacemakers, ventricular pacemakers and Wenckebach arrhythmias were also observed. Atrial rates during the tachydysrhythmias frequently exceeded 500/min; ventricular rates sometimes approached 350/min. The tachydysrhythmias are interpreted as arising from ectopic foci located in the lower right atrium-upper ventricular septal areas. Use of standard pharmacologic blocking agents such as intravenously administered atropine, propranolol and phentolamine did not abolish the induced tachydysrhythmias, but administration of lidocaine or procaine was effective in the termination and prevention of the dysrhythmias. The tachydysrhythmias were also induced in partially sympathectomized dogs, but higher voltages were required. Neurally induced tachydysrhythmias resemble spontaneous arrhythmias in man, thus suggesting the possibility that arrhythmias in the human subject may be of autonomic nervous origin.
In-Situ Real-Time Visualization of Solidifying and Melting Opaque Alloyed Metallic Melts

The performance of technical alloys and electronic crystals strongly depends on the homogeneity of the solid material. It has been recognized since some time that the convective flow in solidifying melts has a vital contribution to that quality of the material. Many theoretical studies tried to predict the flow patterns, its effect on the interface morphology and its effect on the macrosegregation in the solid. Those studies were often benchmarked with transparent model melt experiments due to a lack of flow visualization in opaque metallic melts. This presentation is about radioscopic density visualizations of melting/solidifying alloyed materials.
Workload, space, and personnel of hematology laboratories in teaching hospitals.

The resources needed to operate a microbiology laboratory are known only as rough approximations. In order to gather more information about these resources, a 13-page questionnaire was completed by 50 pathology departments, of which 38 departments provided adequate information about their microbiology sections to permit data analysis. This study reports the results for resource and work load factors and significant regression analyses among these factors for the whole microbiology section and the subsections of aerobic bacteriology, anaerobic bacteriology, mycobacteriology , mycology, parasitology, virology, and antibiotic sensitivity. These data provide a basis for evaluating the current needs of microbiology laboratories and for making projections for the future.
Small Signal Stability and Control of Wind Turbine with Asynchronous Generator Integration into Power System

The models of conventional wind turbines with an asynchronous generator and power system are developed in DIgSILENT/Power Factory. Based on the model, the impacts of wind turbines with an asynchronous generator on the small-signal stability and damping characteristics of power system are analysed. An improved pitch control scheme is presented by introducing a frequency deviation signal into the control system. When low frequency oscillation happens, the wind turbine output is regulated to correlate with system oscillation frequencies. Both frequency domain analysis and time domain simulation results demonstrate that the improved pitch control methods significantly improve the damping characteristics of power system. Therefore the power oscillations are mitigated and the system dynamic stability is enhanced effectively in the system.
Neurologic Infections of the Fetus and Newborn

This article focuses on viruses that most commonly infect the fetal and newborn brain. Viruses included are three DNA viruses, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster, and two RNA viruses, rubella and HIV. Two nonviral pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Treponema pallidum are also summarized briefly. Current knowledge regarding the biology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of each microorganism and its associated central nervous system infection are reviewed.
Isolation and characterization of an interactive culture of two Paenibacillus species with moderately thermophilic desulfurization ability.

To isolate and characterize novel thermophilic bacteria capable of biodesulfurization of petroleum. A culture containing two Paenibacillus spp. (denoted “32O-W” and “32O-Y”) was isolated by repeated passage of a soil sample at up to 55 °C in medium containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) as sulfur source. Only 32O-Y metabolized DBT, apparently via the 4S pathway; maximum activity occurred from 40 to 45 °C, with some activity up to at least 50 °C. 32O-W enhanced DBT metabolism by 32O-Y (by 22–74 % at 40–50 °C). With sulfate as sulfur source, 32O-Y and 32O-W grew well up to 58 and 63 °C, respectively. Selection of a mixed culture of 32O-Y and 32O-W at 54 °C increased DBT metabolism 36–42 % from 40 to 45 °C. Genome sequencing identified desulfurization gene homologs in the strains consistent with their desulfurization properties. The 32O-Y/32O-W culture may be a useful starting point for development of an improved thermophilic petroleum biodesulfurization process.
Compellence and Accommodation in Counterinsurgency Warfare: The Case of Dhofar, Oman, 1965-1976

This paper analyzes the conduct of a prototypical hearts-and-minds counterinsurgency (COIN) campaign as part of a project designed to explain theoretically and empirically under what conditions states succeed against armed, organized, persistent guerrilla challenges from within. This research into the British-led defeat of a nationalist-Communist insurgency in Dhofar, Oman, 1965-1976, draws on recently declassified government documents, the personal papers of participants, and interviews with British army officers who led the campaign. In Dhofar, the campaign included both military and political elements, as the conventional wisdom advocates, but the military component was by far the larger effort, and political accommodation was narrowly targeted and limited in scope. The conflict ended with the state’s military victory after a campaign of selective force wielded to meet political as well as military goals. Military success was made possible by narrowly targeted accommodations that left the sultanistic state unreformed. The military campaign focused on securing territory and cutting the insurgency’s lines of communication to its safe haven in Yemen. The army’s ability to take and hold territory was based on the co-optation of surrendered guerrillas formed into militias. These militias, the firqats, helped the state separate the insurgency from the populace and target insurgents militarily, and facilitated the provision of food, water, and medical care to the populace. This analysis includes a number of policy relevant findings: Successful COIN does not necessarily require good governance, political development, increased popular participation, or a strong state; security may need to precede development; military efforts, including the use of heavy firepower in civilian areas and force-on-force contact, may play a significant role in success; and building local militias requires special skills, a long-term commitment, and recognition of the militias’ strengths and weaknesses.
The Self-Supervising Machine

Supervised machine learning enables complex many-to-many mappings and control schemes needed in interactive performance systems. One of the persistent problems in these applications is generating, identifying and choosing input output pairings for training. This poses problems of scope (limiting the realm of potential control inputs), eort (requiring signicant pre-performance training time), and cognitive load (forcing the performer to learn and remember the control areas). We discuss the creation and implementation of an automatic \supervisor," using unsupervised machine learning algorithms to train a supervised neural network on the y. This hierarchical arrangement enables network training in real time based on the musical or gestural control inputs employed in a performance, aiming at freeing the performer to operate in a creative, intuitive realm, making the machine control transparent and automatic. Three implementations of this self supervised model driven by iPod, iPad, and acoustic violin are described.
Effects of protein kinase C and calcium on receptor-regulated formation of isomers of inositol trisphosphate

Recent studies, initially of parotid gland (Irvine et a/., 1985) and subsequently of other tissues (e.g.. Burgess et al., 1985), have shown that Ca2+ -mobilizing receptor-agonists stimulate formation of diacylglycerol and two isomers of inositol trisphosphate (IP3). 1,4,5-IP3 has been widely shown to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ (Berridge & Irvine, 1984), but the function, if any, of 1 ,3,4-IP7 is presently unknown although substantial amounts are produced. We have studied the effects of Ca2+ -mobilizing agonists on the formation of each of these isomers of IP, in pancreatic acinar cells. In addition, we have investigated whether activation of protein kinase C or elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+ 1, both of which would normally follow receptor activation, may control the formation of either isomer of IP,. Rat pancreatic acinar cells, prepared by collagenasedigestion, were labelled with ['H]inositol, washed and incubated with the Ca2i -mobilizing receptor-agonist, caerulein (cholecystokinin receptor). Inositol phosphates were separated by anion-exchange chromatography, the [,H]IP, fraction was then desalted, freeze-dried and the isomers of ['HIIP, were separated by h.p.1.c. (Irvine et al., 1985). A maximal concentration of caerulein (100 nM) stimulated a rapid, transient increase in 1 ,434, HIIP, formation, followed by a slower sustained increase in 1,3,4-['H]IP, (Fig. I ) ; the same pattern was observed with a submaximal concentration of caerulein (Results not shown). Similarly, in parotid gland stimulated with carbachol (Irvine et al., 1985) and hepatocytes stimulated by angiotensin I I (Burgess et al., 1985), a transient increase in 1,4,5-['H]IP, preceded a sustained increase in 1 ,3,4-[3 HIIP,. We have investigated whether the lag preceding formation of 1,3,4-[3H]IP, reflects a time during which products of the initial cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4.5-bisphosphate activate protein kinase C or mobilize intracellular Ca2+ , and perhaps thereby regulate 1 ,3,4-[, HIIP, formation. Phorbol diesters (e.g. 4fl-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, PDBu) activate protein kinase C by mimicking diacylglycerol (Nishizuka, 1984). Treatment of pancreatic acinar cells with PDBu, under conditions that we have shown to stimulate amylase secretion (Merritt & Rubin, 1985), did not affect caerulein-stimulated formation of either 1 ,4,5-[3 HIIP, or 1,3,4-[3H]IP,. This result implies that protein kinase C does not affect coupling of the cholecystokinin receptor to phospholipase C, nor does i t affect the metabolism of either isomer of IP,. The effect of the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] that normally
Using Metalloporphyrins to Preserve β Cell Mass and Inhibit Immune Responses in Diabetes

As of 2012, 29.1 million Americans are living with diabetes [1], creating a significant healthcare concern for the United States. Diabetes is a disease highly driven by inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, agents that affect secondary inflammation as a result of oxidative stress like metalloporphyrins are a desirable approach to alleviate the inflammation associated with disease. Here, we will discuss the role ROS play in the immunopathology of diabetes, the work that has elucidated the efficacy of metalloporphyrins in the disease, and their future utility in the clinic.
“¿Soy papel o soy poeta?”: escritura y muerte en la poesía de Manuel Ramos Otero

El siguiente articulo analiza la poesia de Manuel Ramos Otero desde lo que puede ser considerado su eje estructurador central: la muerte. Por medio de un recorrido de los poemarios El libro de la muerte (1985) e Invitacion al polvo (1991) se delinea una parabola que inicia con la muerte del otro y progresa hasta la muerte propia. Este trayecto afecta la posicion del hablante lirico, modificando la estructura, las estrategias y el formato de cada uno de los poemarios. Nos servimos de cuatro nucleos tematicos para dar forma al argumento: la invocacion inicial (el apostrofe), el dialogismo y las mascaras del hablante, la funcion del epitafio y la comunidad, y por ultimo, como llegar a un modo de permanencia. El fin de este recorrido es subrayar la especificidad y la funcion que cumple la poesia dentro del amplio corpus de obras que ha dejado atras su autor.
Sex-Based Differences in Cognitive Deficits and Symptom Reporting Among Acutely Concussed Adolescent Lacrosse and Soccer Players.

Background:Research on the acute effects of a concussion among lacrosse players is limited, and postconcussion patterns between male and female athletes have yet to be clearly established. Differen...
Training for colour-blindness: white racial socialisation

Racial socialisation describes the mechanisms by which youth acquire concepts of race and racism. The field addressing racial dynamics in the United States has primarily focused on the racial socia...
Fission Yeast Contractile Ring Tension Increases ̃2-Fold Throughout Constriction and Regulates Septum Closure but does not Set the Constriction Rate

What is the role of the cytokinetic contractile ring? The tensile actomyosin ring is central to cytokinesis, and widely thought to drive cell cleavage as it constricts. Here we directly addressed this question by measurements of cytokinetic ring tension and mathematical modeling. In the model organism fission yeast, as in other fungi, ring constriction is accompanied by septation, the inward growth of cell wall in the wake of the constricting ring that seals daughter cells in new cell wall.We measured ring tensions in live fission yeast protoplasts using a novel method based on measuring membrane tension and the furrow geometry. As constricted progressed, ring tension increased from ∼ 400 pN to ∼ 800 pN. To our knowledge these are the first measurements of the evolving ring tension throughout constriction.We used these tension values in a mathematical model of septum growth, mediated by beta-glucan synthases (Bgs) at the septum edge, hypothesized mechanosensitive (Thiyagarajan et al., 2015). The stochastic septum growth produced faceting, defects and edge roughness. In simulations, ring tension modulated Bgs growth rates in a curvature-dependent fashion, suppressing defects and roughness so septum edges were nearly circular. Simulated edges had low roughnesses (∼5%) and a roughness exponent ∼0.5, consistent with septum edges we measured in live cells. Our model revealed a mechanosensitivity ∼15% per pN per Bgs complex.Thus, ring tension regulates septum growth to ensure the septum closes as a shrinking circle (not a slit) and daughter cells are properly sealed by new cell wall. However, the model showed constriction rates are set by the septum growth machinery, while ring tension had little effect on the mean rate, explaining why experimentally the rate is constant in time.
Slow-slip events on the Whillans Ice Plain, Antarctica, described using rate-and-state friction as an ice stream sliding law

The Whillans Ice Plain (WIP), Antarctica, experiences twice-daily tidally modulated stick-slip cycles. Slip events last about 30 minutes, have sliding velocities as high as ∼0.5 mm/s (15 km/yr), and have total slip ∼0.5 m. Slip events tend to occur during falling ocean tide: just after high tide and just before low tide. To reproduce these characteristics, we use rate-and-state friction, which is commonly used to simulate tectonic faulting, as an ice stream sliding law. This framework describes the evolving strength of the ice-bed interface throughout stick-slip cycles. We present simulations that resolve the cross-stream dimension using a depth-integrated treatment of an elastic ice layer loaded by tides and steady ice inflow. Steady sliding with rate-weakening friction is conditionally stable with steady sliding occurring for sufficiently narrow ice streams relative to a nucleation length. Stick-slip cycles occur when the ice stream is wider than the nucleation length, or, equivalently, when effective pressures exceed a critical value. Ice streams barely wider than the nucleation length experience slow-slip events, and our simulations suggest that the WIP is in this slow-slip regime. Slip events on the WIP show a sense of propagation and we reproduce this behavior by introducing a rate-strengthening region in the center of the otherwise rate-weakening ice stream. If pore pressures are raised above a critical value, our simulations predict that the WIP would exhibit quasi-steady tidally modulated sliding as observed on other ice streams. This study validates rate-and-state friction as a sliding law to describe ice stream sliding styles.
INTERLEUKIN-1 BLOCKADE REDUCES PATIENT PERCEPTIONS OF EXERTION AND DYSPNEA AMONG PATIENTS WITH RECENTLY DECOMPENSATED SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE: A SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF THE REDHART TRIAL

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade with anakinra for 12 weeks improved heart failure (HF) symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness during maximal exercise cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the recently completed REDHART trial. We evaluated a subset of REDHART patients with 12 weeks follow-up (n=27
PREDICTORS AND IMPACT OF DE NOVO AORTIC REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES

De novo continuous aortic regurgitation (AR) may occur during long term support with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) but the clinical implications are unclear. Echocardiographic images from consecutive patients who underwent LVAD implantation from February 2007 to March 2017
Knowing and Indexical Psychology

This chapter has two parts. The first part critiques mentalism in cognitive psychology and Knowledge Management theory’s basis in mentalism. The second part proposes a reading of indexical psychology as an alternative to mentalism. The purpose of the chapter is to reposition our understanding of psychological events, including personal knowledge expressions, from a mysticism of private minds and their public representations to a conception of human agency constructing person and self through cultural forms and in social situations. Such an analysis leads to a breakdown of the “inner” and “outer” dichotomy which has formed the basis for much of psychological theory and for Knowledge Management theory (the latter in terms of a dichotomized notion of private knowledge and public mediums for that knowledge’s representation). The view proposed here is that psychological research, including research into knowing acts, must begin with the understanding of persons and their selves as dynamically constructed by learning and by experience. In this way, this analysis also is associated with what is sometimes referred to as “activity theory.”
Future Perspective of CIM -Proposal of I-CIM Concept-

Historical evaluation of CIM is reviewed and some specific aspects of the future perspectives of CIM are discussed. The future of CIM relies heavily on intelligence intensive systems. Manufacturing systems are bound to become complex because of their global nature. The future manufacturing environment should be studied from a collaboratory perspective. A concept of Intelligent Computer Integrated Manufacturing (I-CIM) is proposed. A useful model for Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) control is also proposed for realization of I-CIM.
Psychometric analyses of the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory using a clinical population.

Eighty-seven clients presenting for counseling at a large, comprehensive university counseling center completed the College Student Reason for Living Inventory (CSRLI; Westefeld, Cardin, & Deaton, ...
Using Ensemble Weather Forecasts for Predicting Airport Arrival Capacity

Strategic air traffic flow management requires predictions of airspace and airport capacities several hours into the future and particularly in response to forecasted constraints. Yet, forecasted w...
Heterogeneous integration of InAs/GaSb tunnel diode structure on silicon using 200 nm GaAsSb dislocation filtering buffer

An InAs/GaSb tunnel diode structure was heterogeneously integrated on silicon by solid source molecular beam epitaxy using a 200 nm strained GaAs1-ySby dislocation filtering buffer. X-ray analysis demonstrated near complete strain relaxation of the metamorphic buffer and a quasi-lattice-matched InAs/GaSb heterostructure, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed sharp, atomically abrupt heterointerfaces between the GaSb and InAs epilayers. In-plane magnetotransport analysis revealed Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, indicating the presence of a dominant high mobility carrier, thereby testifying to the quality of the heterostructure and interfaces. Temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics of fabricated InAs/GaSb tunnel diodes demonstrated Shockley-Read-Hall generation-recombination at low bias and band-to-band tunneling transport at high bias. The extracted conductance slope from the fabricated tunnel diodes increased with increasing temperature due to thermal emission (Ea ∼ 0.48 eV) and trap-assisted tunneling. Thus, this work illustrates the significance of defect control in the heterointegration of metamorphic InAs/GaSb tunnel diode heterostructures on silicon when using GaAs1-ySby dislocation filtering buffers.
Characterization of transgenic mouse lines for labeling type I and type II afferent neurons in the cochlea

The cochlea is innervated by type I and type II afferent neurons. Type I afferents are myelinated, larger diameter neurons that send a single dendrite to contact a single inner hair cell, whereas unmyelinated type II afferents are fewer in number and receive input from many outer hair cells. This strikingly differentiated innervation pattern strongly suggests specialized functions. Those functions could be investigated with specific genetic markers that enable labeling and manipulating each afferent class without significantly affecting the other. Here three mouse models were characterized and tested for specific labeling of either type I or type II cochlear afferents. Nos1CreER mice showed selective labeling of type I afferent fibers, Slc6a4-GFP mice labeled type II fibers with a slight preference for the apical cochlea, and Drd2-Cre mice selectively labeled type II afferent neurons nearer the cochlear base. In conjunction with the Th2A-CreER and CGRPα-EGFP lines described previously for labeling type II fibers, the mouse lines reported here comprise a promising toolkit for genetic manipulations of type I and type II cochlear afferent fibers.
Scalable Diversity Maximization via Small-size Composable Core-sets (Brief Announcement)

In this paper, we study the diversity maximization problem (a.k.a. maximum dispersion problem) in which given a set of n objects in a metric space, one wants to find a subset of k distinct objects with the maximum sum of pairwise distances. We address this problem using the distributed framework known as randomized composable core-sets[3]. Unlike previous work, we study small-size core-set algorithms allowing minimum possible intermediate output size (and hence achieving large speed-up in the computation and increased parallelism), and at the same time, improving significantly over the approximation guarantees of state-of-the-art core-set-based algorithms. In particular, we present a simple distributed algorithm that achieves an almost optimal communication complexity, and asymptotically achieves approximation factor of 1/2, matching the best known global approximation factor for this problem. Our algorithms are scalable and practical as shown by our extensive empirical evaluation with large datasets and they can be easily used in the major distributed computing systems like MapReduce. Furthermore, we show empirically that, in real-life instances, using small-size core-set algorithms allows speed-ups up to >68 in running time w.r.t. to large-size core-sets while achieving close-to-optimal solutions with approximation factor of >90%.
Military Culture and Post-Military Transitioning Among Veterans: A Qualitative Analysis

While a considerable amount of theoretical literature has explored core values and characteristics of the U.S. Armed Forces, limited empirical research has examined veterans’ accounts of military culture. To elucidate military culture and help inform ongoing efforts to incorporate military culture into the provision of healthcare services for veterans, seven focus groups (n = 44) were conducted with diverse groups of veterans to provide their first-hand accounts on these topics. Content analysis of their responses yielded four broad clusters: (1) descriptions of military culture and values (e.g., patriotism, camaraderie, discipline), (2) conflict with values during military service (e.g., betrayed by politicians/bureaucracy, internal conflict of killing), (3) cultural changes post-military service (e.g., continuity of military values/culture, disparate from civilian culture, interpersonal difficulties), and (4) communication with non-military connected persons (e.g., I do not talk about military experiences, I only talk with other veterans). The results expand upon prior conceptualizations of military culture and provide preliminary implications for integrating military culture into healthcare service provisions for veterans. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for further empirical research on the internalization and longer-term impact of military culture to better address the needs of those who served in the U.S. Armed Forces.