cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Note on the Underrepresentation of the Split-Half Reliability Formula for Unequal Standard Deviations

Summary.-The split-half reliability formula used when the standard deviations from the test halves are unequal should be applied routinely instead of the Spearman-Brown formula. One assumption for the split-half rehability (r) is the equahty of the standard deviations derived from the test halves. If they are equal, then the following Spearman-Brown formula is a good estimate of the population r : where r,, is the correlation between the X and Y test halves. But, when the standard deviations are unequal, Formula 1 overestimates r. The solution is to use the following equation, which is consistent with the over-all definition of coefficient alpha (Rulon, 1939): r = (4rxy SD, SD, ) / (SD: + SD: + 2rXy SDx SDy ) [2 I where SD, and SD, are the standard deviations for the X and Y test halves. A library search of psychological and educational measurement books indcated that Formula 2 or equivalent ones rarely appear while Formula 1 is always part of the split-half methodology. Only four of the 19 books surveyed mentioned the formulas for unequal standard deviations. Cronbach (1951) compared Formulas 1 and 2 and concluded that, if the ratio between half-test standard deviations is between .9 and 1.1, these formulas give essentially the same result. His over-all conclusion was that Formula 2 or equivalent formulas be used rather than the Spearman-Brown formula. Table 1 shows the decrease in reliability as computed by Formula 2 for various standard deviation ratios. A large difference between standard deviations can result in large deche in r. A small difference between standard deviations results in a small decline in r, but even a small change in r can be important because a decrease of only .01 in a high r is equivalent to the decrease in r obtained in shortening a test by 10% or more (Stanley,
Epaulet Brightness and Condition in Female Red-Winged Blackbirds

Epaulets of female Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) vary in bright- ness from brown to bright red-orange. We test predictions of the hypothesis that condition at the time of molt determines female epaulet brightness and that females in superior con- dition produce brighter epaulets. We compared each female's epaulet with a series of color photographs ranked from 1 (dull brown) to 12 (bright red-orange) and considered females to have increased in brightness between years if their color increased by at least two ranks. More first-year females than older females increased in brightness, more older females in- creased in brightness after low reproductive effort than after high effort, and more first-year females increased in brightness after a year of superabundant food (an emergence of periodical cicadas, Magicicada spp.) than after other years. In each case, we expected an improvement in condition. We estimated female condition and regressed condition index on day of the breeding season. During the breeding season, females that later increased in brightness improved in condition relative to females that did not increase in brightness. We confirm a previously reported correlation between age and epaulet brightness, but age does not explain the relationship between change in brightness and either reproductive effort or the emergence of cicadas. We conclude that the most likely explanation for our results is that condition, at least in part, determines epaulet brightness in female Red-winged Blackbirds and that superior condition is reflected by brighter epaulets. Our results support assumptions of the status- signaling hypothesis and mate-choice hypotheses for the evolution of variable plumage. The best explanation for the evolution of variable plumage among female Red-winged Blackbirds is that brightness signals status in female-female aggressive encounters. Received 21 November
The joint determinants of cash holdings and debt maturity: the case for financial constraints

We examine the joint choices of cash holdings and debt maturity for a large sample of firms for the 1985–2013 period. We find that there is a positive relation between debt maturity and cash holdings. Our results hold after taking into account endogeneity among leverage, debt maturity, and cash holding. We posit that this positive relationship will be found among firms facing financial constraints and we find support for this hypothesis. Our results are robust after we control for agency problems, international taxation, bank loan liquidity covenants and default risk.
Laboratory study of wind velocity and temperature preference of Hippelates eye gnats.

The response of Hippelates collusor to air movement of different speeds was evaluated in the laboratory. Eye gnats were attracted by air movement at velocities up to 6 mph. However, they were capable of flying upstream only up to a wind speed of 2 mph; at higher velocities they crawled upstream. The temperature preference of gnats in air of various humidity levels was evaluated in the laboratory. At low humidity 29° C. was the preferred temperature while at high humidity 39° C. was preferred. Preferred temperatures at intermediate humidity levels were between these extremes.
Abstract ED04-03: Health literacy and health information technology: Promises and pitfalls.

Studies of cancer disparities would benefit from attention to health literacy limitations. Both inadequate (i.e., very low) and marginal health literacy (HL) appear to be important factors in the causal pathway to health disparities, especially in low income patients with chronic diseases. Patients with poorer health literacy skills are at greater risk for increased HgA1c & retinopathy, late stage presentation of cancer, depression/anxiety, poor self-rated health status, hospitalization, and mortality. Given the high prevalence (46% of the US population) of inadequate (i.e., very low) plus marginal HL, often described as limited HL and limited literacy's association with poor health outcomes, there has been great interest in including HL assessments in epidemiologic and clinical research. There are several standard health literacy measures including REALM TOFHLA, Newest Vital Sign, and sTOFHLA. Chew and colleagues developed three self-reported HL screening questions and found that a single item (“How confident are you filling out medical forms by yourself?”) may be sufficient to detect patients. As health information technology is burgeoning it is important to consider health literacy implications. A study by Sarkar et al. found that across each function of a patient portal, those reporting limited health literacy were consistently less likely to complete each function. Ensuring universal internet and computer access will become more important than ever. As services migrate to the internet, those most at risk for poor health outcomes are at risk of falling further behind as health systems increasingly rely on patient portal health service functions and limit the alternative modes of access and communication. Additionally, improving the usability of internet-based patient portals, such that those with limited health literacy can navigate them effectively, is critical to realizing health benefits. The internet has potential, via use of audio, graphic, video, and multiple languages, to greatly expand the capacity and reach of health care systems (Institute of Medicine, 2009). However, in the real world, that potential has yet to be realized. Barriers to internet-based health care services require improved technology access as well as tailoring of design and services to reach those with limited health literacy. In summary, interventions to address disparities in cancer screening and treatment should attend to the health literacy limitations of populations in order to improve their reach and effectiveness. Citation Format: Urmimala Sarkar. Health literacy and health information technology: Promises and pitfalls. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr ED04-03.
Inspiration from Jinggangshan Struggle to the Construction of Ideological Political Work on Army in the New Time

The glorious trail of Jinggangshan struggle has given us much inspiration to strengthen the ideology and politics work. All these,including the action of " Party branches built in companies",the answer to"how long Red Army can survive",the foundation of "training unit of the Red Army of the workers and peasants",the formulation of"three main rules of discipline ,eight points for attention", the difficulty of"red rice and pumpkin soup"and the creation of an armed separate regime of workers and peasants,has given us inspiration to catch these great realistic subjects such as progressiveness construction,ideal and faith education, strategic project on talents,regulation institutional improvement and the spirit of living plainly and struggling hard. We must insist on regarding scientific development view as guidelines and advancing the construction of our troops to revolution, modernization and regularization.
Do you speak “Belter”? An interview with Eric Armstrong

So, imagine, if you will, that you are a professor of voice and speech. And, as you approach sabbatical, a job opportunity comes available to dialect coach on a new television show. The only twist ...
Calcium Homeostasis in Escherichia coli: Characterization of Mutants and Genome Expression of MG1655

While the role of calcium ions as secondary messengers has been well described in eukaryotic cells, little is known about calcium homeostasis in bacteria at the physiological and molecular levels. Genetic and genomic approaches were used to address calcium regulation and to identify genes ( cal ) involved in calcium homeostasis. Transposon mutagenesis of Escherichia coli generated several calcium-sensitive mutants that fell into three categories: (i) Ca 2+ -sensitive chemotaxis mutants, (ii) Ca 2+ -sensitive cell division mutants, and (iii) Ca 2+ -sensitive mutants that showed no defects in cell division or chemotaxis. The physiological properties of these Ca 2+ -sensitive mutants were determined. Besides calcium-sensitivity to 75 m M calcium, all of the mutants exhibited increased sensitivities to several divalent cations including Ni 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ . To identify the cal gene sequence in the Ca 2+ -sensitive mutants, the region of the genes fused to the reporter gene ( phoA ) on the transposon Tn phoA was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sites of the gene fusion for three cal mutants were at the fdoG , gpt and pqi5 genes. The pleiotropic nature for the cal mutations suggested that many genes may be globally regulated by calcium. We then investigated global gene expression patterns of wild-type E. coli under calcium-depleted (addition of 10 m M EGTA) and calcium-elevated (addition of 75 m M Ca 2+ ) conditions as compared to cultures grown under unstressed conditions. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis using macroarrys exhibited a global regulation of diverse genes within the E. coli genome during calcium homeostasis. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 31, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2014, pp 1-8
Getting Rid of Daddy

The triumphant woman is, of course, also the murderer of the “Daddy” persona, whoever (or how many whoevers) that figure is interpreted to represent. In her creation of her widely based poetic mythology, Plath anthropomorphized the powerful white male who has lied to her, betrayed her, spent her money, and/or abandoned her — all the while expecting her to perform the household tasks, however menial; a variety of sexual services; and the bearing of, and caring for, his children. She did not have to use her imagination to create this persona. As she wrote to her beloved college roommate Marty a month before her suicide, I have been so utterly flattened by having to be a businesswoman, farmer — harvesting seventy apple trees, stringing all my onions, digging and scrubbing all my potatoes, extracting and bottling my honey, etc. — mother, writer and all-round desperado that I’d give anything [to be alone]. I feel like a very efficient tool or weapon, used and in demand from moment to moment by the babes ... Since he’s [Hughes] never paid a bill or figured income tax or mowed the lawn, etc., he’s no notion of what it takes ...1 Her long years of correspondence with Marcia Brown give credibility to her honesty here.
PRDM1/BLIMP1 is widely distributed to the nascent fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula.

Background: PRDM1 is a transcriptional repressor that contributes to primordial germ cell (PGC) development. During early gastrulation, epiblast-derived PRDM1 is thought to be restricted to a lineage-segregated germ line in the allantois. However, given recent findings that PGCs overlap an allantoic progenitor pool that contributes widely to the fetal-umbilical interface, posterior PRDM1 may also contribute to soma. Results: Within the posterior mouse gastrula (Early Streak – 12-s stages, ∼E6.75-9.0), PRDM1 localized to all tissues containing putative PGCs; however, PRDM1 was also found in all three primary germ layers, their derivatives, and two presumptive growth centers, the Allantoic Core Domain and Ventral Ectodermal Ridge. While PRDM1 and STELLA colocalized predominantly within the hindgut, where putative PGCs reside, other colocalizing cells were found in non-PGC sites. Additional PRDM1 and STELLA cells were found independent of each other throughout the posterior region, including the hindgut. The Prdm1-Cre-driven reporter supported PRDM1 localization in the majority of sites; however, some Prdm1 descendants were found in sites independent of PRDM1 protein, including allantoic mesothelium and hindgut endoderm. Conclusion: Posterior PRDM1 contributes more broadly to the developing fetal-maternal connection than previously recognized, and PRDM1 and STELLA, while overlapping in putative PGCs, also co-localize in several other tissues. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Overview of Telepsychiatry in Geriatrics

As the American population continues to age, innovative methods of addressing healthcare needs are necessary. Mental illness is prevalent in geriatric patients including depressive, anxiety, and neurocognitive disorders. There is a shortage of specialty trained geriatric psychiatrists to meet the mental healthcare needs of older adults which can be further magnified for those patients residing in less populated areas. One way to meet this growing need is geriatric telepsychiatry. Telepsychiatry has the potential to not only increase access to mental healthcare for underserved older adults, but also decrease cost of providing care. The current literature demonstrates that geriatric telepsychiatry can be reliably utilized to diagnose and treat mood, anxiety, substance use disorders, and other psychiatric illnesses in older adults. It can be used to administer cognitive screening tools and neuropsychological testing. Furthermore, outcomes are equivalent to in-person care with regard to symptom improvement and treatment adherence. Patient and provider satisfaction is generally high even in geriatric populations. While some older adults may present challenges in utilizing telepsychiatry including vision, hearing, and cognitive impairment, measures can be successfully implemented to overcome these challenges.
Two-phase screening procedure for simulation experiments

Analysts examining complex simulation models often conduct screening experiments to identify important factors. The controlled sequential bifurcation screening procedures CSB and CSB-X use a sequence of tests to classify factors as important or unimportant, while controlling Type I error and power. These procedures require analysts to identify the directions of the effects prior to experimentation, which can be problematic. We propose hybrid two-phase approaches, FFCSB and FFCSBX, as alternatives. Phase 1 uses an efficient fractional factorial to estimate factor effect directions; phase 2 uses CSB or CSB-X. Empirical investigations show these outperform CSB(X) in efficiency and effectiveness for many situations of practical interest.
Hardware Multithreaded Transactions

Speculation with transactional memory systems helps pro- grammers and compilers produce profitable thread-level parallel programs. Prior work shows that supporting transactions that can span multiple threads, rather than requiring transactions be contained within a single thread, enables new types of speculative parallelization techniques for both programmers and parallelizing compilers. Unfortunately, software support for multi-threaded transactions (MTXs) comes with significant additional inter-thread communication overhead for speculation validation. This overhead can make otherwise good parallelization unprofitable for programs with sizeable read and write sets. Some programs using these prior software MTXs overcame this problem through significant efforts by expert programmers to minimize these sets and optimize communication, capabilities which compiler technology has been unable to equivalently achieve. Instead, this paper makes speculative parallelization less laborious and more feasible through low-overhead speculation validation, presenting the first complete design, implementation, and evaluation of hardware MTXs. Even with maximal speculation validation of every load and store inside transactions of tens to hundreds of millions of instructions, profitable parallelization of complex programs can be achieved. Across 8 benchmarks, this system achieves a geomean speedup of 99% over sequential execution on a multicore machine with 4 cores.
Sociology and Social Work Undergraduates’ Experiences Participating in a Research Project on Campus Sexual Assault and Misconduct:

In this article, we discuss the application of a collaborative, team-based, semester-long research project in undergraduate sociology and social work research methods courses at a midsize southeast...
Reductive coupling of cyclic ketones on reduced TiO2(001) single crystal surfaces

Abstract Reactions of cyclohexanone, cyclohexenone, and p-benzoquinone were investigated on TiO 2 (001) single crystal surfaces. On the reduced, sputtered surfaces, the following reactions were observed: partial reduction of the cycloketones to their corresponding alcohols and of p-benzoquinone to phenol; reductive coupling to form C 6 H 10 =C 6 H 10 and C 6 H 8 =C 6 H 8 from cyclohexanone and cyclohexenone respectively; and reductive coupling/reduction of p-benzoquinone to benzene, biphenyl, and terphenyl. The reduced surface was oxidized upon adsorption of the ketones as evidenced by an increase of the intensity of the XPS Ti(2p 3/2 ) peak at 459.1 eV corresponding to Ti +4 cations. The population of Ti +4 cations in the region sampled by XPS increased by 6.8%, 11.2%, and 16.8% upon adsorption at 300 K of cyclohexanone, cyclohexenone, and p-benzoquinone, respectively. The activity of the reduced surface for reductive coupling was highest for p-benzoquinone and lowest for cyclohexanone. The observation of reductive coupling on single crystal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum suggests that gas-solid contact catalysis of this reaction may be feasible.
GAPDH and intermediary metabolism.

GAPDH plays a major enzymatic role in the intermediary metabolism of human tissues. In fact, the cells of all organisms require the catalytic capability of GAPDH in order to maintain adequate glycolytic flux. Even the primitive archaea rely on GAPDH in a pivotal step in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which is a series of reactions that resembles glycolysis. GAPDH catalyzes the sixth reaction of glycolysis in eukaryotic cells and represents a regulatory hurdle in anaerobic glycolysis. The triose substrate of GAPDH is actually a product of several important metabolic pathways: stage one of glycolysis, fructose catabolism, pentose phosphate pathway and glycerol metabolism. The GAPDH reaction is reversible, hence, necessary for hepatic gluconeogenesis. The chapter discusses GAPDH as being a metabolic ‘switching station’, diverting carbon flow appropriately. There is discussion regarding the experimental analysis of GAPDH’s enzymatic function, particularly in the use of inhibitors. The GAPDH gene is portrayed in the context of the enzyme’s role in metabolism. The observed intolerance to genetic mutation suggests that the genetic changes (i.e. those seen across species) may provide a treasure of information regarding the limits of genetic variability that can be tolerated and still allow for the protein to conduct essential glycolytic – as well as non-glycolytic – functions.
A Narrow-Range Filter for Screen-Space Fluid Rendering

We introduce a simple screen-space filtering technique for real-time rendering of particle-based fluid simulations. Starting with a depth-map generated directly from the particle data, our new filter formulation smooths the depth-map by considering the depth values in a narrow range. The depth values outside of this range are carefully handled to achieve the desired surface shape near discontinuities. The simplicity of our formulation leads to a computationally efficient filter. We present examples with complex particle-based fluid simulations and provide comparisons, clearly showing that our filter provides improved surface quality in terms of surface smoothness and preserving boundaries near discontinuities, as compared to prior filtering methods.
Abstract 4388: Anti-cancer effects of oleuropein olive leaf extract in K562 leukemia cells

Olive leaves come from a Mediterranean plant that many believe to have positive effects on human health, including anti-cancer properties. Oleuropein is one of the two main phenolic compounds derived from olive leaves, and it has been shown to increase apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. Numerous studies have found that the polyphenols contained in olive leaves possess strong antioxidant properties, suggesting that the compound could be effective in anti-cancer treatments. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oleuropein extract on cell growth and viability in K562 human leukemia cells, and begin to investigate possible molecular mechanisms of action. We purified our own extract from olive leaves for these studies. Oleuropein was microwave extracted from olive leaf powder using methanol and water as solvent. The oleuropein was successfully identified using HPLC to characterize elution time in comparison to an authentic standard. HPLC was then used in purification and fractions were lyophilized. Isolated oleuropein was greater than 94% in comparison to the authentic standard. We next demonstrated that K562 cells treated with 50-150 ug/ml of oleuropein exhibited significant reduction in cell growth and cell viability after four days when compared to 70% ethanol-treated controls. This effect was markedly greater after 6 days . Current studies are being conducted to determine the most effective concentration and duration of treatment for oleuropein-induced cell death. We are also examining cellular cyytotoxicity and cell cycle progression in these experiments using LDH assay and cell cycle staging, and further studies are being conducted to examine inflammatory and antioxidant pathways for their involvement in the anti-cancer effect of the compound in these cells. Given the observation that many of the cytotoxic effects of oleuropein are cancer-cell specific, this research provides a promising new avenue for the use of natural products as anti-cancer agents. Citation Format: Sophia Fagan, Natalie Fulco, Justin Gilbertson, Aaron R. Van Dyke, Shelley A. Phelan. Anti-cancer effects of oleuropein olive leaf extract in K562 leukemia cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4388.
Near-Complete Traumatic Amputation of the Forefoot After Motorboat Propeller Injury

We report a case of a near-complete amputation of the forefoot of a 20-year-old man as a result of a motorboat propeller injury sustained in a saltwater river. He was treated with open reduction, p...
Key to the New World: a history of early colonial Cuba: by Luis Martínez-Fernández. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018, xiv + 219 pp. (ISBN 9781683400325)

Luis Martinez-Fernandez has written an excellent introduction to the early colonial history of Cuba and more. As he notes in his introduction, the only other book-length version of this history in ...
Cytokine concentrations throughout pregnancy and risk for psychosis in adult offspring: a longitudinal case-control study.

Summary Background Schizophrenia has been associated with pregnancy and birth complications and fetal exposure to inflammation is thought to be a common underlying mechanism. However, whether the risk is specific to particular phases of pregnancy is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterise and compare longitudinal patterns of maternal serum concentrations of cytokines across pregnancy between offspring who were later ascertained to have a psychotic disorder, non-psychotic siblings of these cases, and unrelated, non-psychotic individuals who served as controls. Methods The National Collaborative Perinatal Project was a large-scale prospective longitudinal study that assessed the effects of perinatal factors on infant and child development. At sites across the USA, over 50 000 pregnant women were enrolled during prenatal clinical visits between 1959 and 1965. The present study draws from the Philadelphia cohort, which includes 9236 surviving offspring of 6753 pregnant women. Psychotic disorder diagnoses in adulthood were assessed with review of medical records and were confirmed with a validation study. Concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17a were assessed using a multiplex bead assay in archived maternal serum samples collected across prenatal visits and birth. We characterized cytokine patterns with linear mixed models. Findings Our final sample comprised 90 cases, 79 siblings (of 40 cases), and 273 matched controls. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly higher in maternal serum of offspring who later developed psychosis compared with maternal serum of matched controls. These differences were greatest in the first half of pregnancy (7–20 weeks), with no difference observed during the second half of pregnancy. Interpretation Our results suggest that exposure to high maternal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in early pregnancy might play a part in psychosis. These findings place the timing of risk associated with maternal inflammation much earlier in prenatal development than previously documented in humans and provide insight into a potential developmental pathway to the disorder. Funding National Institute of Mental Health (P50) Silvio O Conte Center at Johns Hopkins, Stanley Foundation, March of Dimes, Yale University, National Science Foundation, and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/Division of Intramural Population Health Research.
DNA origami mediated electrically connected metal—semiconductor junctions

DNA-based nanofabrication of inorganic nanostructures has potential application in electronics, catalysis, and plasmonics. Previous DNA metallization has generated conductive DNA-assembled nanostructures; however, the use of semiconductors and the development of well-connected nanoscale metal—semiconductor junctions on DNA nanostructures are still at an early stage. Herein, we report the first fabrication of multiple electrically connected metal—semiconductor junctions on individual DNA origami by location-specific binding of gold and tellurium nanorods. Nanorod attachment to DNA origami was via DNA hybridization for Au and by electrostatic interaction for Te. Electroless gold plating was used to create nanoscale metal—semiconductor interfaces by filling the gaps between Au and Te nanorods. Two-point electrical characterization indicated that the Au—Te—Au junctions were electrically connected, with current—voltage properties consistent with a Schottky junction. DNA-based nanofabrication of metal—semiconductor junctions opens up potential opportunities in nanoelectronics, demonstrating the power of this bottom-up approach.
Abstract TP366: Significant Reduction in Readmission Using Transitions Nurse

In an effort to reduce early hospital readmissions, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) implemented a transitional care coordinator (TCC) to provide careful coordinated follow up care for s...
Multiplexed Manipulation: Versatile Multimodal Grasping via a Hybrid Soft Gripper

The success of hybrid suction + parallel-jaw grippers in the Amazon Robotics/Picking Challenge have demonstrated the effectiveness of multimodal grasping approaches. However, existing multimodal grippers combine grasping modes in isolation and do not incorporate the benefits of compliance found in soft robotic manipulators. In this paper, we present a gripper that integrates three modes of grasping: suction, parallel jaw, and soft fingers. Using complaint handed shearing auxetics actuators as the foundation, this gripper is able to multiplex manipulation by creating unique grasping primitives through permutations of these grasping techniques. This gripper is able to grasp 88% of tested objects, 14% of which could only be grasped using a combination of grasping modes. The gripper is also able to perform in-hand object re-orientation of flat objects without the need for pre-grasp manipulation.
Over 1 kV Vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n Diodes With Low On-Resistance Using Ammonia Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n diodes grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (NH3 MBE) are reported in this letter for prospective high-power application devices. The diodes, consisting of only $4~\mu \text{m}$ drift layer with low unintentional background doping of $\sim 3\times {10}^{{15}}{\mathrm {cm}}^{\text {-3}}$ , showed a maximum breakdown voltage of >1.0 kV and a low differential specific on-resistance of 0.28 $\text{m}\Omega $ -cm2. Moreover, these diodes exhibited an excellent rectifying behavior with a low minimum ideality factor of 1.36 and a punch-through electric field comparable to the state-of-the-art vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). These results suggest that all-MBE vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n diodes grown by NH3 MBE can be promising for small-size high-power electronic devices.
Enriching employee engagement using complexity theory

This paper conceptually draws the connections between complexity theory and employee engagement. Instead of the tendency to adhere to a binary, dichotomous approach, complexity theory helps move em...
Parenteral Nutrition and Cardiotoxicity

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving nutritional therapy for those situations when patients are unable to receive enteral nutrition. However, despite a multitude of benefits offered by PN, it is associated with a variety of side effects, most notably parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Adverse effects of PN on other organ systems, such as brain and cardiovascular system, have been poorly studied. There have been several case reports, studies, and a recent animal study highlighting cardiotoxic effects of PN; however, much remains unclear about the underlying mechanisms causing cardiac damage. In this review, we propose a series of potential mechanisms behind PN-associated heart injury, and we provide an overview of therapeutic strategies and recent scientific advances.
Transparency in the News: The Impact of Self-Disclosure and Process Disclosure on the Perceived Credibility of the Journalist, the Story, and the Organization

An experimental study was conducted to see what impact varying the level of self-disclosure by a journalist, as well as providing information about why and how a story is being covered, has on the ...
Thyroid cancer, recent advances in diagnosis and therapy

Over the past several decades, the approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer has evolved based on improved classification of patients better matching clinical outcomes, as well as advances in imaging, laboratory, molecular technologies and knowledge. While thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine therapy and TSH suppression remain the mainstays of treatment, this expansion of knowledge has enabled de-escalation of therapy for individuals diagnosed with low-risk well-differentiated thyroid cancer; better definition of treatment choices for patients with more aggressive disease; and improved ability to optimize treatments for patients with persistent and/or progressive disease. Most recently, the advancement of knowledge regarding the molecular aspects of thyroid cancer has improved thyroid cancer diagnosis and has enabled individualized therapeutic options for selected patients with the most aggressive forms of the disease. Guidelines from multiple societies across the world reflect these changes, which focus on taking a more individualized approach to clinical management. In this review, we discuss the current more personalized approach to patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer and point toward areas of future research still needed in the field.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Changes in Care for a Community Academic Breast Center and Patient Perception of Those Changes.

Philadelphia and its suburbs were an epicenter for the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Accordingly, alterations were made in breast cancer care at a community hospital. The authors developed a prospective database of all the patients with invasive or in situ breast cancer between March 1 and June 15 at their breast center. Any change in a breast cancer plan due to the pandemic was documented, and the patients were grouped into two cohorts according to whether a change was made (CTX) or no change was made (NC) in their care. The patients were asked a series of questions about their care, including those in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder two-item questionnaire (GAD-2), via telephone. The study enrolled 73 patients: 41 NC patients (56%) and 32 CTX patients (44%). The two cohorts did not differ in terms of age, race, or stage. Changes included delay in therapy (15.1%) and use of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET, 28.8%). The median time to surgery was 24 days (interequartile range [IQR], 16–45 days) for the NC patients and 82 day s (IQR, 52–98 days) for the CTX patients (p ≤ 0.001). The median duration of NET was 78 days. The GAD-2 showed anxiety positivity to be 29.6% for the CTX patients and 32.4% for the NC patients (p = 1.00). More than half (55.6%) of the CTX patients believed COVID-19 affected their treatment outlook compared with 25.7% of the NC patients (p = 0.021). A prospective database captured changes in breast cancer care at a community academic breast center during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. 44% of patients experienced a change in breast cancer care due to COVID-19. The same level of anxiety and depression was seen in both change in therapy (CTX) and no change (NC). 55.6% of CTX cohort believed COVID-19 affected their treatment outlook.
Ahmaud Arbery: murder as the outcome of an assemblage’s enactment

On February 23rd, 2020, Ahmaud Arbery, a Black man out for a jog in Georgia, was murdered by two white men who, acting as vigilantes, assumed Arbery was responsible for recent burglaries. While Bla...
On the Distributional Outcomes of Policy-Induced Entrepreneurial Opportunities

This analysis empirically evaluates the effectiveness of entrepreneurial policies using the number and distribution of firms as outcome variables. The analysis occurs within the context of a natural experiment: the START-UP NY program. Implemented in 2014, START-UP NY created enterprise development zones adjacent to publicly supported universities (i.e., SUNY and CUNY campuses) within the state. New business start-ups operating within these zones, and within a specific set of technology and health-related industries received tax incentives that substantially lowered tax rates for a 5-10 year period. In 2016, the State of New York substantially altered its corporate tax structure; a policy initiative affecting firms, business owners, and households in the state simultaneously, and may also induce entrepreneurship. The results suggest that START-UP NY had a positive effect on the growth of New York's micro and small-sized firms operating in professional, scientific, and technical industries. START-UP NY also negatively affected micro-sized manufacturing firms, while positively affecting small manufacturing firms. The latter finding suggests that START-UP NY is effective in incubating micro-sized manufacturing firms that eventually grow into small manufacturing firms.
Ectopic hypophyseal hormonal cells in benign cystic teratoma of the ovary. Light microscopic histochemical dye staining and immunoperoxidase cytochemistry.

Abstract Histologic study of the hypophyseal component of a benign cystic ovarian teratoma disclosed elements that resembled sellar adenohypophysis, pars intermedia, and neurohypophysis. Histochemical dye methods revealed secretory cells with cytologic and granule-staining characteristics of somatotrophs, mammotrophs, melanocorticotrophs, and thyrotrophs. Nongranulated follicular cells and salivary gland rest cells also were present. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining with monospecific antisera to anterior pituitary hormones revealed abundant prolactin-containing cells, which comprised more than 50% of all chromophilic cells, as well as numerous cells that contained growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Gonadotrophic cells could not be demonstrated by either tinctorial stains or immunostaining.
A Model for Parent Education

Formal parent education programs often have been for the most part disappointing, poorly attended and relatively ineffective. From these results, one might conclude that parents either do not need or want to be educated. Based on reports from persons with experience in educating parents, however, neither of these conclusions seems warranted (Johnston, Kayne, & Mittleider, 1977; Rubin, 1975; Stranik & Hogberg, 1979; Williams, 1977; Zinner & Hertzman, 1978). What, then, is the problem? It is suggested here that the problem lies in the way parent education has been conceptualized and presented.
Another Set of Eyes: Remote Fetal Monitoring Surveillance Aids the Busy Labor and Delivery Unit

• Fetus is “off the monitor” for > or = 5 minutes without documentation of “RN/MD at bedside” • Fetal heart rate or = 32wks gestation. (Unless fetus has diagnosis that would have expected minimal variability, i.e., anencephaly) • Marked variability in the absence of pushing. • Tetanic contractions (defined as a contraction > 90sec) – will call if a recurrent pattern ( > 1 tetanic contraction in 10 minutes • Hypertonic uterine baseline (using IUPC only) • Uterine tachysystole averaged over a 30 minute period • Intrauterine pressure catheter off baseline > 10 minutes Protocols Background
Ibuprofen, inflammation and Alzheimer disease.

Mounting evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be useful in reducing the risk of Alzheimer disease. After much study, the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the amyloid deposition associated with the disease is still open to speculation.
The opportunity-based approach to entrepreneurial discovery research

This paper develops a research approach to entrepreneurial discovery based on opportunities as units of analysis.
ASHRAM: active summarization and Markup

Typically, searching for information in a document collection amounts to refining a query and then scanning a large number of documents to determine their relevance. Active Summarization Having Related Active Markup (ASHRAM) is a facility for representing and automatically selecting, marking, and linking useful and/or salient items in a document, to make it easier for the user to determine the main points in a document or navigate through documents without having to read all of them. ASHRAM is a novel client server system and user interface consisting of dynamically generated HTML, JavaScript and Java which requests information from a document database stored on a server. We describe a system for summarization by sentence extraction and a user interface for representation that allows the user to exploit the summary not only as an aid for relevance assessment of documents, but as an active aid to document navigation. The server-based scalable text summarization and keyword extraction system uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology and corpus-based NLP techniques in the foreground and databases constructed using NLP technology in the background.
The Effects of Metacognitive Reflective Assessment on Fifth and Sixth Graders' Mathematics Achievement: Reflective Assessment

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of metacognitive reflective assessment instruction on student achievement in mathematics. The study compared the performance of 141 students who practiced reflective assessment strategies with students who did not. A posttest-only control group design was employed, and results were analyzed by conducting one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and nonparametric procedures. On both a posttest and a retention test, students who practiced reflective strategies performed significantly higher than students who did not use the strategies. A within-subjects ANOVA was also conducted six weeks following the intervention to assess how the factor of time affected retention levels. No significant difference was found between the posttest and retention test results for the experimental groups or the control group.
Eicosanoids: Exploiting Insect Immunity to Improve Biological Control Programs.

Insects, like all invertebrates, express robust innate, but not adaptive, immune reactions to infection and invasion. Insect immunity is usually resolved into three major components. The integument serves as a physical barrier to infections. Within the hemocoel, the circulating hemocytes are the temporal first line of defense, responsible for clearing the majority of infecting bacterial cells from circulation. Specific cellular defenses include phagocytosis, microaggregation of hemocytes with adhering bacteria, nodulation and encapsulation. Infections also stimulate the humoral component of immunity, which involves the induced expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and activation of prophenoloxidase. These peptides appear in the hemolymph of challenged insects 6–12 hours after the challenge. Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are crucial mediators of innate immune responses. Eicosanoid biosynthesis is stimulated by infection in insects. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis lethally renders experimental insects unable to clear bacterial infection from hemolymph. Eicosanoids mediate specific cell actions, including phagocytosis, microaggregation, nodulation, hemocyte migration, hemocyte spreading and the release of prophenoloxidase from oenocytoids. Some invaders have evolved mechanisms to suppress insect immunity; a few of them suppress immunity by targeting the first step in the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathways, the enzyme phospholipase A2. We proposed research designed to cripple insect immunity as a technology to improve biological control of insects. We used dsRNA to silence insect genes encoding phospholipase A2, and thereby inhibited the nodulation reaction to infection. The purpose of this article is to place our view of applying dsRNA technologies into the context of eicosanoid actions in insect immunity. The long-term significance of research in this area lies in developing new pest management technologies to contribute to food security in a world with a rapidly growing human population.
Paper-tape data handling for a cosmic ray experiment☆

Abstract A low-cost data recording system was developed for a two-parameter cosmic-ray experiment of low event rate. The computer programming and equipment design were closely coordinated.
Drosophila dec-1 eggshell proteins are differentially distributed via a multistep extracellular processing and localization pathway.

In Drosophila the multilayered eggshell forms during late oogenesis between the oocyte and the overlaying follicle cells. Proper eggshell assembly requires wild-type dec-1 gene function. Alternatively spliced dec-1 transcripts encode three proproteins that are cleaved extracellularly in a stage-specific manner to at least five distinct derivatives. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against fusion proteins containing different regions of the dec-1 proteins, we have localized several dec-1 derivatives in the assembling and completed eggshell. Although all of the dec-1 derivatives are generated in the oocyte proximal vitelline membrane layer, they are differentially distributed in the mature egg. Some derivatives are gradually released from the vitelline membrane and become localized within distinct regions of the chorion, while others are taken up by the oocyte or become concentrated in the endochorionic spaces or cavities. The diverse distributions of the dec-1 derivatives suggest that each derivative plays a distinct role in eggshell assembly. These results also suggest that the vitelline membrane layer, by acting as a transient storage site, may control the availability of molecules active in eggshell assembly and by extension perhaps other follicle cell products important in early embryonic pattern formation.
Diet monotony as a correlate of poor nutritional intake among hemodialysis patients.

Abstract Objective: Nutritional guidelines recommend eating a variety of foods, yet the renal diet restricts the intake of many foods. Poor appetite, present in 10% to 30% of hemodialysis patients, further narrows the range of foods consumed. We sought to determine the relationship between diet monotony and nutritional intake in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eight freestanding hemodialysis units in northeast Ohio. Subjects: Forty-eight randomly selected hemodialysis patients. Intervention: We used the Block-National Cancer Institute questionnaire to obtain a detailed food frequency and also asked patients to rate their appetite for 10 specific high-protein foods. Outcome Measure: We adapted the Herfindahl index (a measure of hospital market concentration) to calculate a diet monotony index and then examined the relationship between monotony index and energy and protein intake. Results: When stratified into tertiles by monotony index, patients with the most varied diets had the highest energy (33 kcal/kg/d) and protein (1.35 g/kg/d) intake, whereas patients with the most monotonous diets had the lowest energy (21 kcal/kg/d) and protein (0.83 g/kg/d) intake. A 5-point increase in monotony index was independently associated with a 10 kcal/kg/d decrease in energy intake ( P =.004) and a 0.43 g/kg/d decrease in protein intake ( P =.006) after adjustment for patient demographic and medical characteristics. Patients with the most monotonous diets reported a good appetite for an average of 3.1 high-protein foods that they were eating less than once per week. Conclusion: Diet monotony strongly correlates with nutritional intake. However, patients with monotonous diets have a good appetite for several high-protein foods that they are not eating. Helping patients to identify and increase the intake of these foods may both enhance diet variety and improve nutritional status. © 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Endocrine and neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by propofol administered to neonatal rats.

Background:The authors studied whether neonatal propofol anesthesia affects development of the endocrine and neural systems.Methods:Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal propofol for 5 h on postnatal days (P) 4, 5, or 6. Pups that received either saline or intralipid, but not t