cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ryanodine receptor-ankyrin interaction regulates internal Ca2+ release in mouse T-lymphoma cells.

In this study, we have identified and partially characterized a mouse T-lymphoma ryanodine receptor on a unique type of internal vesicle which bands at the relatively light density of 1.07 g/ml. Analysis of the binding of [3H]ryanodine to these internal vesicles reveals the presence of a single, low affinity binding site with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 200 nM. The second messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose, was found to increase the binding affinity of [3H]ryanodine to its vesicle receptor at least 5-fold (Kd≈ 40 nM). In addition, cADP-ribose appears to be a potent activator of internal Ca2+ release in T-lymphoma cells and is capable of overriding ryanodine-mediated inhibition of internal Ca2+ release. Immunoblot analyses using a monoclonal mouse anti-ryanodine receptor antibody indicate that mouse T-lymphoma cells contain a 500-kDa polypeptide similar to the ryanodine receptor found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain tissues. Double immunofluorescence staining and laser confocal microscopic analysis show that the ryanodine receptor is preferentially accumulated underneath surface receptor-capped structures. T-lymphoma ryanodine receptor was isolated (with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 30 S) by extraction of the light density vesicles with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS) in 1 M NaCl followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Further analysis indicates that specific, high affinity binding occurs between ankyrin and this 30 S lymphoma ryanodine receptor (Kd = 0.075 nM). Most importantly, the binding of ankyrin to the light density vesicles significantly blocks ryanodine binding and ryanodine-mediated inhibition of internal Ca2+ release. These findings suggest that the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the regulation of ryanodine receptor-mediated internal Ca2+ release during lymphocyte activation.
The design and implementation of Visuel performance monitoring and analysis toolkit for cluster and grid environments

The computing power provided by high performance and low-cost PC-based clusters with Grid platforms are attractive and they are equal or superior to supercomputers and mainframes. In this paper, we present implementation and design rationale of Visuel toolkit for MPI parallel program performance measurement and analysis in cluster and grid environments. Most of performance visualization tools available today for high-performance platforms show solely system performance data (e.g., CPU load, memory usage, network bandwidth, server average load), and thus, being suitable for computing system activity visualization. The Visuel (Visuel (in French language) = to visualize) toolkit is web-based interface designed to show performance activities of all computing nodes of a distributed environment involved in the execution of MPI parallel program, such as CPU load level and memory usage of each computing node. In addition, this toolkit is able to display comparative performance data charts of MPI parallel applications and multiple executions under investigation. The usage of this toolkit shows that it outperforms in easing the process of investigation of parallel applications.
PLAs in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Various implementations of the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) device architecture may help many performance scaling trends continue as we approach the nanoscale. Experimental success has led to the evolution of a research track that looks at QCA-based design. This paper follows that track and looks at implementation friendly, programmable QCA circuits. Specifically, we present a novel QCA-based programmable logic array (PLA) structure. Our PLA is capable of providing defect tolerance at both the device and architectural levels, and limits the amount of determinism required in any fabrication process. The design is compact, exploits properties unique to QCA devices in order to ease programmability, and is relevant to all implementations of the QCA.
A behavioural intervention incorporating specific glycaemic index goals improves dietary quality, weight control and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Medical nutritional therapy is an integral component of diabetes self-management. A diet that promotes healthy food choices, weight management and optimal glycaemic control is recommended for people with diabetes(1). Both the quantity and type of carbohydrate consumed affect dietary quality and postprandial glucose excursions, and a diet that considers the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) may provide additional benefits for diabetes management beyond that observed when total carbohydrate is considered alone(1,2). For example, a recent review of nine randomized controlled trials found that fasting plasma glucose values were significantly lower, HDL cholesterol was 3 % higher and serum TAG was 6 % lower on low GI (LGI) compared with high GI (HGI) diets(3). Similarly, a meta-analysis in individuals with diabetes found a reduction in glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) following an LGI diet(4). Goal setting is widely used in clinical care to assist patients in identifying target dietary goals to improve eating habits and self-management of diabetes(5). Effective goals focus one’s effort and can provide motivation for change(6). Epidemiological studies report that an LGI diet (median GI of 54 when glucose equals 100) is associated with reduced risk for certain chronic diseases(7). However, it is difficult for consumers to translate findings regarding disease risk into practical dietary goals or to calculate GI values for meals consumed. Goal-setting research has shown that performance improves when people try to attain specific goals rather than vague goals, easy goals or no goals at all(6). Most prior GI studies encouraged participants to substitute higher GI foods with lower GI foods but did not provide specific serving recommendations as goals for change(8-11). Furthermore, goal-setting research suggests that goalsshould be relatively difficult to achieve in order to promote behavioural change(6). The level of difficulty should be challenging enough to promote change but not be so difficult that the goal is perceived to be impossible. No prior research has evaluated appropriate goal difficulty regarding dietary GI. On the basis of previous research(8) and sample menus created a priori, we estimated that six to eight servings of LGI foods daily would achieve a dietary GI of 54–55 and was a reasonable level of difficulty for a free-living population. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two specific goals regarding GI on changes in dietary intake, weight management and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It was hypothesized that participants randomized to the group with a more difficult goal (eight servings of LGI foods daily) would achieve greater change in outcomes than those randomized to the group with a less difficult goal (six servings of LGI foods daily).
Sociodemographic Correlates of Eye Care Provider Visits in the 2006–2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey

Research has suggested that adults 40 years old and over are not following eye care visit recommendations. In the United States, the proportion of older adults is expected to increase drastically in the coming years. This has important implications for population ocular disease burden, given the relationship between older age and the development of many ocular diseases and conditions. Understanding individual level determinants of vision health could support the development of tailored vision health campaigns and interventions among our growing older population. Thus, we assessed correlates of eye care visits among participants of the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. We pooled and analyzed 2006–2009 BRFSS data from 16 States (N = 118,075). We assessed for the proportion of survey respondents 40 years of age and older reporting having visited an eye care provider within the past two years, two or more years ago, or never by socio-demographic characteristics. Nearly 80% of respondents reported an eye care visit within the previous two years. Using the ‘never visits’ as the referent category, the groups with greater odds of having an ocular visit within the past two years included those: greater than 70 years of age (OR = 6.8 [95% confidence interval = 3.7–12.6]), with college degree (5.2[3.0–8.8]), reporting an eye disease, (4.74[1.1–21.2]), diagnosed with diabetes (3.5[1.7–7.5]), of female gender (2.9[2.1–3.9]), with general health insurance (2.7[1.8–3.9]), with eye provider insurance coverage (2.1[1.5–3.0]), with high blood pressure (1.5[1.1–2.2]), and with moderate to extreme near vision difficulties (1.42[1.11–2.08]). We found significant variation by socio-demographic characteristics and some variation in state-level estimates in this study. The present findings suggest that there remains compliance gaps of screening guidelines among select socio-demographic sub-groups, as well as provide evidence and support to the CDC’s Vision Health Initiative. This data further suggests that there remains a need for ocular educational campaigns in select socio-demographic subgroups and possibly policy changes to enhance insurance coverage.
Training by Discussion

Discussions of accidents are a more effective method of accident prevention than reading or listening to a lecture. The audience remember more and are more committed to the recommendations made as they have developed them. An example shows how discussion of a ’near miss’ as part of a training programme produced many extra recommendations that had not been included in the company's official report.
Consequences of restraint stress on natural killer cell activity, behavior, and hormone levels in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Three experiments were performed to determine the effect of stress on the neuroendocrine-immune system in nonhuman primates. In Experiment 1 the diurnal variation in cell and hormone levels was determined. The percentages of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils fluctuated throughout the 24-hr period, while white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N:L), hemoglobin (Hgb), natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NK activity) and beta-endorphin levels did not. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of ketamine and restraint on behavior. Scratching was increased in control monkeys and animals receiving ketamine, whereas passivity was increased in chair-restrained animals. In Experiment 3, eight adult male rhesus monkeys were restrained in primate chairs at 0600h. Behavior was filmed for 3 hr and blood samples were collected at 0700, 0800, and 0900. Whole blood was analyzed for total WBC and percentage of each leukocyte type. NK activity was also measured. Plasma levels of cortisol and beta-endorphin were determined and behavior was quantitated from video-records. WBC and the percentage of neutrophils increased during the restraint period, while the percent lymphocytes and monocytes decreased. NK activity also decreased over time after restraint whereas plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin levels increased significantly. Although after the 3 hr of restraint stress, changes were found in hormone levels, behavior, and NK activity, there were no significant correlations between the parameters measured. Thus, our results indicate that there is not a common neuroendocrine response or single neuroendocrine mediator that results in predictable behavioral changes and immune suppression following stress.
A structured analysis of e-government studies: Trends and opportunities

Abstract E-government involves the use of information and communications technology to facilitate government interaction with citizens, employees, businesses and other governments. E-government studies provide a platform to examine prior developments, and explore future opportunities in the field. This paper presents a theoretical model for the analysis of e-government studies and further uses a bibliometric analysis to examine constructs such as theoretical perspectives, methods, and units of analyses. We examine current trends in e-government research, and discuss emerging opportunities.
Relationships between Body Measurements, Meat Conformation, and Milk Production

Summary Some aspects of growth, conformation, and milk production, and their interrelations were investigated. The data were milk production and various measures of size at birth, 6 mo., 1 yr., and 2 yr. of age in the Iowa State College Holstein herd. Negative genetic associations between milk production and all measures of size except wither height were found. These associations indicate that any effort to select for milk production alone would lead to animals with reduced chest girth relative to wither height, chest depth, body length, and weight. Accordingly, any effort to select both for milk production and for a conformation indicating good production of meat would require considerable compromise in both. The correlations between dam's production and daughter's size were consistently larger than the reciprocal correlations between dam's size and daughter's production. This excess was not evident at birth but was as strong at 2 yr. as it was at 6 mo. It was concluded that this extra relationship was due to some maternal effect and not to contemporary environment affecting the characters similarly.
Dual resolution imaging for metrology applications

Many applications require a fine measurement to be made over a small area, but with reference to a much larger area. The ability to inspect a large surface, then to zoom in to a small area is valuable in many applications ranging from bridges to turbines. However, the need to switch lenses or re-point a lens can make such inspection cumbersome. This paper discusses an optical method that permits an instantaneous switch from a wide view to a close up of any area within that wide view, without the need to change lenses or repoint the optical system. We will discuss the possible application of the method, as well as the limitations inherent to the concept.
Changes in Dynamic and Kinematic Properties of Saccades in Ocular Myasthenia following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment

The dynamics and kinematics of saccades in a patient with severe ocular myasthenia were studied before and after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Before therapy, horizontal saccades were hypometric, but faster than similar-sized saccades made by normal subjects. During a 5-minute test period, saccades decreased in size (fatigue effect), but remained faster than those of controls. Listing's plane of the eye with greater ophthalmoplegia was increased in thickness. After IVIG treatment, the range of eye movements improved, but saccades remained faster than those of controls. Also, no fatigue was observed and the thickness of Listing's plane was reduced toward the normal range. Increased peak velocity, despite progressive hypometria due to fatigue, supports the hypothesis that the pale global extraocular muscle fibers are relatively spared in myasthenia. Involvement of other extraocular muscle-fiber types leads to limited range of eye movements and an increase in the thickness of Listing's plane.
Alternating update penalized-likelihood image reconstruction for x-ray fluorescence computed tomography

In this work, we continue to pursue penalized-likelihood image reconstruction algorithms for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) when the attenuation maps at the energies of the fluorescence X-rays are unknown. Our previous approach, while yielding good results, was somewhat heuristic and did not necessarily correspond to maximization of a predefined penalized-likelihood objective function. Here we present an iterative algorithm that is guaranteed to increase a predefined objective function at each iteration. The approach alternates between updating the distribution of a given element and updating the attenuation map for that element's fluorescence X-rays. We apply the algorithm to simulated numerical data as well as to real synchrotron data.
Motivation in instructional design: Comparison of an American and a soviet model

Instructional designers recognize motivation as a key to instruction effectiveness and have a need for information about designing motivating instruction. Keller’s model (in press) and Markova’s model (1986) for the design of motivating instruction with their prescribed strategies are analyzed. The large number of strategy similarities supports the validation of the cross-cultural comparison. Differences suggest the addition of three specific strategies not included in Keller’s model: (a) the use of role-modeling to increase the learner’s expectancy of success, (b) the use of a formal self-evaluation to validate learning and improve the learner’s satisfaction with the instruction, and (c) the use of important problems in the scientific world to increase the relevancy of the lesson. Further support for the use of these additional strategies to motivate learners can be found in the U.S. literature (Martin & Briggs, 1985).
Teaching on the edge: The psychology of sexual orientation

The American Psychological Association has charged its members with taking an active role in reducing the stigma attached to lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity in our society. One means of fulfilling this charge is for psychologists to undertake educational activities that present lesbian, gay, and bisexual experience in a thoughtful, scholarly, and informative manner. This article describes the development and conduct of a course titled The Psychology of Sexual Orientation, whose intent is to provide just such a substantive look at the psychological experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Elements of the course may also be incorporated into other courses, such as social psychology, the psychology of women, the psychology of gender, or courses focusing on diversity.
Nutrient pathways to flexor tendons of chickens using tritiated praline

The nutrient pathway to the flexor tendons within the digital flexor sheath of adult chickens was investigated using tritiated proline. There was no difference in the uptake of the radioactive tracer by free segment tendons (detached from blood vessels) and the intact tendon lying in synovium. The uptake of tracer by tendons isolated from the synovium (but with unaltered vascular attachments) was significantly less than by the intact tendons. Radioactive tracer not only diffused across the synovium into the tendon, but along the course of the tendon itself. There was no difference in the uptake of radioactive tracer by 2-week-old tendon grafts with and without adhesions.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a cardiac allograft

A 61-year-old man underwent orthotopic heart transplantation for end-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy. The donor presented with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the allograft was successfully transplanted. The accessory pathway was interrupted postoperatively by radiofrequency current catheter ablation, and the patient is clinically well and free of preexcitation 24 months later.
Next generation defect characterization in nitride HEMTs

A series of constant drain current deep level transient and optical spectroscopies (CID-DLTS/DLOS) is described, which allows characterization of deep levels with lateral spatial resolution in fully fabricated high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The techniques are used to examine the role of SiNx passivation in the access region of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, in part to verify lateral resolution capabilities. Two distinct trap spectra were observed correlating to the under-gate and access regions of the HEMT. Traps in the access region had energy levels of of EC-0.43, EC-1.3, EC-2.3, and EC-3.7 eV. The impact of each access region trap on the drain resistance before and after passivation was measured, with the total transient drain resistance change being reduced from 0.47 Ω-mm to 0.11 Ω-mm as a result of their partial passivation by SiNx, resulting in improved device performance. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of enantioselective hydrogenation catalysts: Transient electrochemical oxidation of d-(+)-tartaric acid on nickel

Abstract The potential sweep method for measuring adsorbate coverages in liquid-solid systems has been modified for use with base metals such as nickel. Advantages and limitations of this method, as well as other techniques for determining liquid phase adsorption coverages, are discussed. The pH and temperature variation of d -(+)-tartaric acid adsorption on nickel is reported. The results are examined with relation to previous observations on the selectivity of nickel catalysts modified with d -(+)-tartaric acid in the enantioselective hydrogenation of β-keto esters. A simple model to describe the reported variation in hydrogenation optical yield vs pH of catalyst modification is presented.
Visualization of high-density 3D graphs using nonlinear visual space transformations

The real world data distribution is seldom uniform. Clutter and sparsity commonly occur in visualization. Often, clutter results in overplotting, in which certain data items are not visible because other data items occlude them. Sparsity results in the inefficient use of the available display space. Common mechanisms to overcome this include reducing the amount of information displayed or using multiple representations with a varying amount of detail. This paper describes out experiments on Non-Linear Visual Space Transformations (NLVST). NLVST encompasses several innovative techniques: (1) employing a histogram for calculating the density of data distribution; (2) mapping the raw data values to a non-linear scale for stretching a high-density area; (3) tightening the sparse area to save the display space; (4) employing different color ranges of values on a non-linear scale according to the local density. We have applied NLVST to several web applications: market basket analysis, transactions observation, and IT search behavior analysis.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Axial Pressure Distribution in the Entrance Region of Packed Beds of Spheres

The axial pressure distribution near the inlet of a randomly packed bed of spheres at Reynolds numbers between 1036-2749 was measured for inlet geometries of 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees. For the two smaller inlet geometry angles (0 and 30 degrees), an essentially constant pressure gradient was established within approximately one and one half sphere diameters. Hence it is concluded that the entrance length is of this same order for these cases. This compares well with the only other known previous investigation, under three sphere diameters, for a non-random packed bed in the Forcheimer flow regime. For the larger expansion angles, non-constant pressure gradients were observed.
Remembering violence: the role of apology and dialogue in Turkey's democratization process

In this article I ask the question: how do citizens use memories of violence in dialogue with a democratizing Turkish state? To address this, I unpack how memories of violence influence solidarity communities in addition to those who are direct descendents of survivors. I also examine how these solidarity communities are widening political space for contemporary dialogue about the Armenian Catastrophe. To demonstrate the connection between memory and political participation, I identify three discursive moments where Turkish and Armenian citizens invoke memory in dialogue with one other and with the state. I use the 2009 online campaign for a Turkish apology to address the Armenian Catastrophe, the aftermath of the murder of Hrant Dink in 2007, and a controversial 2005 academic conference on the events of 1915 as focal points to discuss how memory impacts the way people behave as citizens. My argument is twofold: first, elite-led solidarity networks play an integral role in shaping the discursive space bet...
Developing effective web-based regional anesthesia education: a randomized study evaluating case-based versus non-case-based module design.

Background and Objectives: Little is known about the use of Web-based education in regional anesthesia training. Benefits of Web-based education include the ability to standardize learning material quality and content, build appropriate learning progressions, use interactive multimedia technologies, and individualize delivery of course materials. The goals of this investigation were (1) to determine whether module design influences regional anesthesia knowledge acquisition, (2) to characterize learner preference patterns among anesthesia residents, and (3) to determine whether learner preferences play a role in knowledge acquisition. Direct comparison of knowledge assessments, learning styles, and learner preferences will be made between an interactive case-based and a traditional textbook-style module design. Methods: Forty-three Mayo Clinic anesthesiology residents completed 2 online modules, a knowledge pretest, posttest, an Index of Learning Styles assessment, and a participant satisfaction survey. Interscalene and lumbar plexus regional techniques were selected as the learning content for 4 Web modules constructed using the Blackboard Vista coursework application. One traditional textbook-style module and 1 interactive case-based module were designed for each of the interscalene and lumbar plexus techniques. Results: Participants scored higher on the postmodule knowledge assessment for both of the interscalene and lumbar plexus modules. Postmodule knowledge performance scores were independent of both module design (interactive case-based versus traditional textbook style) and learning style preferences. However, nearly all participants reported a preference for Web-based learning and believe that it should be used in anesthesia resident education. Participants did not feel that Web-base learning should replace the current lecture-based curriculum. Conclusions: All residents scored higher on the postmodule knowledge assessment, but this improvement was independent of the module design and individual learning styles. Although residents believe that online learning should be used in anesthesia training, the results of this study do not demonstrate improved learning or justify the time and expense of developing complex case-based training modules. While there may be practical benefits of Web-based education, educators in regional anesthesia should be cautious about developing curricula based on learner preference data.
Viscous lifting of a conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field

This paper describes the effect of a magnetic field upon the viscous lifting of a conducting fluid for two types of lifting surfaces; conducting and non-conducting. It is shown that the magnetic field produces very small effects on the film thickness and mass flow rate for the case of the dielectric plate. For the conducting plate, the effects are more pronounced and increase with larger values of the ratio of plate conductivity to fluid conductivity. The analysis employed here is simplified to the extent that the effects of surface tension are not included.
Clinicopathologic spectrum of specific cutaneous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

Background: Disseminated coccidioidomycosis merits greater attention because the number of persons living and traveling in endemic areas is increasing. Objective: Our purpose was to study the clinical and histopathologic findings in patients with specific cutaneous disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Methods: In six patients with specific skin lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis, the diagnosis was confirmed by identification of the organism in tissue or by positive results of tissue culturing. Results: Clinical lesions included solitary granulomatous plaques in two patients and multiple papular, nodular, or pustular lesions in four patients, two of whom also had subcutaneous abscesses. Identifying organisms directly in tissue was possible in only 8 of 17 biopsy specimens and in five of six patients. The histopathologic features showed various degrees of three primary patterns: (1) abscess formation with necrosis, (2) epithelial hyperplasia and granuloma formation with microabscesses, and (3) vascular and perivascular proliferative and inflammatory cell reactions at times suggesting vasculitis. Tissue cosinophilia, present in all patients, was striking in two (eosinophilic abscess formation) and notable in another (vascular inflammation with eosinophilia). Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated coccidioidomycosis may be more common and varied than usually recognized.
Optical Phase Conjugation With Liquid Crystal Light Valves

Optical phase conjugation' has been extensively investigated due to itscapability of generating a beam whose wavefront has an envelope proportional tothe complex conjugate of another beam and which propagates in a direction oppositeto the first one. Such beams are generated primarily by four -wave mixingprocesses2 or by using deformable mirrors. In the latter method, some combinationof a wave front sensor and a deformable mirror is used to imprint the spatialphase modulation obtained from the wavefront sensor onto the deformable mirror ina closed loop operation. The deformable mirror action can be achieved either bymechanical means3 (piezoelectric activation) or by refractive index modulation.4It has already been reportedo that the four -wave mixing process can beinterpreted as a holographic mechanism: two of the incoming beams (one of the pumpbeams and the signal beam) form a hologram in the nonlinear medium while the thirdbeam (the second pump) reads it out, thus "reconstructing" a conjugate wave.
THE TEST OF COMPETING MODELS FOR THE PREHISTORIC PEOPLING OF THE AZAPA VALLEY, NORTHERN CHILE, USING MATRIX CORRELATIONS

En este trabajo se analizan distancias biologicas obtenidas de rasgos no-metricos dentales extraidas de once muestras mortuorias -una muestra de paleoindios andinos, otra de Tiwanaku y nueve del valle de Azapa- para poner a prueba tres modelos que expliquen las dinamicas prehistoricas poblacionales en el valle de Azapa, Chile, mediante analisis de correlacion de matrices hipoteticas. Estos modelos incluyen: (1) la colonizacion durante el periodo Medio por los Tiwanaku, (2) flujo genetico a traves del tiempo, (3) y un modelo de flujo genetico donde los grupos costeros muestran continuidad genetica mientras divergen de poblaciones del valle, las cuales reciben flujo genetico del altiplano. La muestra de Tiwanaku esta separada por distancias biologicas significativas con cinco de las nueve muestras del valle de Azapa, y distancias grandes pero no significativas con las demas muestras, exceptuando la muestra Gentilar del desarrollo regional tardio de Azapa-8. Las muestras del valle se vuelven mas similares a la muestra de Tiwanaku a traves del tiempo, lo que sugiere flujo genetico, mientras que las muestras costeras manifiestan una coherencia epigenetica. Los resultados de la prueba de Mantel para cada uno de los tres modelos indica que los modelos de colonizacion tiwanakoide y de flujo genetico no producen resultados significativos, mientras que el modelo de flujo genetico con divergencia costera si lo hace. Se discuten las consecuencias de estos resultados en relacion con publicaciones anteriores
DialogueView: an Annotation Tool for Dialogue

There is growing interest in collecting and annotating corpora of language use. Annotated corpora are useful for formulating and verifying theories of language interaction, and for building statistical models to allow a computer to naturally interact with people.
Spiritual Coping in American Buddhists: An Exploratory Study

Researchers in the United States have examined spiritual coping in Christians, Jews, Hindus, and Muslims, but rarely Buddhists. Using qualitative methodology, the present study represents an initial investigation into Buddhist forms of coping. Twenty-four Buddhists from across the United States were interviewed by phone, examining how their spirituality is used to cope with stress. Thematic analyses revealed six forms of Buddhist coping—right understanding, meditation, mindfulness, spiritual struggles, morality, and finding support in one's sangha. Implications of the study are discussed, including possibilities for future research on Buddhist coping.
Response of tomato seeds fluid-drilled in low-phosphorus growth media to phosphorus incorporation in the carrier gel

Abstract Germinated ‘Heinz 1350’ tomato seeds ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were fluid-drilled in peat-vermiculite prepared with or without 1.2 kg 0-9-0 m −3 (high-P and low-P media, respectively) using Natrosol 250HHR or Laponite 445 carrier gels containing 0, 10, 20 or 30 g l −1 of NaH 2 PO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 or KH 2 PO 4 . Percentage emergence was unaffected by P status of the growth medium and was little affected by salt species or concentration in either gel. Emergence rate, however, decreased as gel P concentration increased. Increasing gel P concentration did not increase seedling shoot dry weight in high-P media. In low-P media, however, 10–30 g l −1 of all salts in either gel, compared to 0 g l −1 , gave an average 4.2-fold increase in shoot dry weight, with 10 g NH 4 H 2 PO 4 l −1 gel yielding the greatest shoot dry weight. In a further glasshouse study, germinated tomato seeds were fluid-drilled into low-P media using Natrosol or Laponite gels containing 2700 mg P l −1 as either monobasic (Na, NH 4 , K) phosphate salts, or N + P + K salts (KH 2 PO 4 + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 + NaNO 3 , or proprietary 10-6.6-8.3). Low percentage emergence with KH 2 PO 4 + NaNO 3 in both gels and with 10-6.6-8.3 in Laponite was associated with high gel electrical conductivity. N + P + K in gel, compared to single monobasic P-salt inclusion, did not give greater seedling growth. The cationic species associated with the phosphate did not significantly influence percentage emergence, shoot dry weight or shoot P concentration. All P-bearing gels gave greater growth and P concentration of shoots than the fluid-drilled (zero salt) control. The 22% greater shoot dry weight with Natrosol than with Laponite was not associated with increased shoot P concentration.
Synthesis and biological properties of 4-norleucine-neuropeptide Y; secondary structure of neuropeptide Y.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide amide isolated from porcine brain. The NPY analog, 4-norleucine-NPY was synthesized by a solid-phase method and purified to homogeneity in 20% yield by reverse-phase chromatography. Investigation of the biological properties indicated that the analog is an agonist of NPY. Secondary structural analyses revealed that NPY and the analog exhibited predominantly α-helical and β-sheet structures, respectively; however, experiments in trifluoroethenol indicated that the analog has the potential of assuming an α-helical structure. Based on circular dichroism (CD), Raman spectroscopy and Chou-Fasman analyses, a model has been proposed for the secondary structure of NPY.
Introduction to the Robert Devaney special issue

This volume is dedicated to Robert L. Devaney in honour of his 60th birthday. The articles were contributed by participants at a conference held in his honour in Tossa de Mer, Spain in April 2008. ...
Embodied Reimagining of Pedagogical Places/Spaces

Students often find themselves disconnected from foundations courses such as Philosophy of Education, citing the abstract nature of some of the ideas studied and a perceived disconnect from practical issues. Moreover, the place/space of the university classroom itself can be seen to contribute to students’ disengagement and stunting of their critical capacities. In this article, we present two intertwined narratives. In one strand, we describe our attempt to secure our students’ engagement in our course, Introduction to Philosophy of Education, as well as remedy the forms of interaction that are called out of a university classroom through our employment of what we termed the pedagogical spaces project. This project is built upon the notion of a situated pedagogy and emphasizes a performative stance for students. We present a description of the pedagogical steps undertaken. Intertwined with the first narrative, we also present a mapping of how our very understanding of our project and its goals evolved. T...
Molecular and Structural Basis of Dual Regulation of a Canonical TRP Channel by Calmodulin

The canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are widely distributed and have diverse biological functions. They are activated by stimulation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors, resulting in membrane depolarization and Ca2+ influx, which in turn feedback to regulate the channel activity through the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and other signaling pathways. Previous biochemical studies indicate that TRPC subunits contain one to four putative CaM-binding sites. One of these sites is named the “CaM-IP3receptor binding” or CIRB site (because it also interacts with an IP3 receptor fragment in vitro). The CIRB site is conserved in all seven TRPC subunits. CaM exerts either stimulatory or inhibitory effects on different TRPC channels. However, the molecular mechanism of CaM modulation of TRPC channels is unclear. We have solved the crystal structure of the complex of CaM and the CIRB site of TRPC5 channels, which regulate growth cone morphology and neurite growth, and require CaM for agonist-induced activation. The structure shows that the two lobes of a single Ca2+-bound CaM (Ca2+/CaM ) bind two CIRB peptides arranged in parallel. This peptide dimerizes only in the presence of Ca2+/CaM, suggesting that Ca2+/CaM binding to the CIRB site may induce major conformational changes in intact channels. Structure-based mutagenesis studies show that Ca2+/CaM binding to the CIRB site is not required for agonist-induced channel activation, but it safeguards the channel against inhibition produced by CaM binding to another site on the channel. We have identified this inhibitory site and found it to be a novel CaM-binding motif that can interact with not only Ca2+/CaM but also CaM1234, a mutant CaM deficient in binding Ca2+. Our results provide new insights into the intricate feedback regulation of a canonical TRP channel.
Massive Binge Eating, Gastric Dilatation and Unsuccessful Purging in a Young Woman with Bulimia Nervosa

This report describes the case of a young woman with bulimia nervosa who developed acute gastric dilation that was diagnosed by computerized tomography. The patient had no history of factors associated with delayed gastric emptying. The treatment course is reviewed, as is the pathophysiology of acute gastric dilation.
Added value of selected images embedded into radiology reports to referring clinicians.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the added utility of embedding images for findings described in radiology text reports to referring clinicians. Methods Thirty-five cases referred for abdominal CT scans in 2007 and 2008 were included. Referring physicians were asked to view text-only reports, followed by the same reports with pertinent images embedded. For each pair of reports, a questionnaire was administered. A 5-point, Likert-type scale was used to assess if the clinical query was satisfactorily answered by the text-only report. A "yes-or-no" question was used to assess whether the report with images answered the clinical query better; a positive answer to this question generated "yes-or-no" queries to examine whether the report with images helped in making a more confident decision on management, whether it reduced time spent in forming the plan, and whether it altered management. The questionnaire asked whether a radiologist would be contacted with queries on reading the text-only report and the report with images. Results In 32 of 35 cases, the text-only reports satisfactorily answered the clinical queries. In these 32 cases, the reports with attached images helped in making more confident management decisions and reduced time in planning management. Attached images altered management in 2 cases. Radiologists would have been consulted for clarifications in 21 and 10 cases on reading the text-only reports and the reports with embedded images, respectively. Conclusions Providing relevant images with reports saves time, increases physicians' confidence in deciding treatment plans, and can alter management.
Temperature Rhythm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction In the acute phase following brain injury, alterations in temperature regulation occur commonly and are associated with poorer outcome. However, few studies have examined temperature rhythm following brain insult, such as rupture and surgical management of ruptured cerebral aneurysms, and its association with clinical factors and outcome.
Cognitive-Communication Problems after Right Hemisphere Stroke: A Review of Intervention Studies

This article addresses the history of interventions for visual attention/neglect and communication problems in patients with right hemisphere damage. Several key studies that are representative of the types of interventions that have been researched in the area of visual attention and perception are presented. In addition, clinical studies directed toward the nature of the communication deficits and their implications for rehabilitation are summarized. For the most part, the procedures in these latter studies have been clinically used but not empirically tested for their effectiveness.
Computer-Aided High Precision Verification Of Miniature Spring Structure

A system is proposed for the high precision on-line verification of the minia-ture spring structure, including overall height, diameters of various coils as well as pitches between neighboring coils of the miniature conical springs. High preci-sion measurements without physical contact and short processing time are achieved. Deformations of any kind on the conical springs can be identified even from the worst viewing direction.
#17 Pre-pregnancy exposure to cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of postmenopausal breast cancer

Abstract PURPOSE: Late age at first full-term pregnancy has been consistently associated with risk of breast cancer (BC), suggesting that pre-pregnancy breast tissue may be more vulnerable to carcinogenic agents than post-pregnancy breast tissue. Cigarette smoking is a source of carcinogens and is associated with slightly elevated risk of BC. We examined the association of cigarette smoking before 1st pregnancy with risk of postmenopausal BC. METHODS: The Iowa Women's Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 55-69 year old women at baseline in 1986. Of the 36,519 women in the cohort at risk, 7095 (19%) and 4186 (11%) initiated smoking before and after first pregnancy, respectively. As of 12/31/1999, 1995 breast cancers have been identified within this subject population via linkage to the Iowa SEER cancer registry. RESULTS: Compared to parous women who never smoked, women who began smoking after their first full-term pregnancy were not at increased risk of BC (multivariate-adjusted RR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.9–1.2). However, women who began smoking prior to their first pregnancy were at slightly elevated risk of BC (RR = 1.2, 1.1–1.4). Risk ratios were similar for all strata of pack-years (pkyrs) prior to first pregnancy: RRs = 1.2, 1.3, 1.3 and 1.2 for CONCLUSION: These data suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with a slightly greater risk of postmenopausal BC for women who started smoking prior to their first full-term pregnancy. Given the modest increase, we cannot completely rule out uncontrolled confounding.
Measurement of coarse gravel and cobble transport using portable bedload traps

Portable bedload traps (0.3 by 0.2 m opening) were developed for sampling coarse bedload transport in mountain gravel-bed rivers during wadable high flows. The 0.9 m long trailing net can capture about 20 kg of gravel and cobbles. Traps are positioned on ground plates anchored in the streambed to minimize disturbance of the streambed during sampling. This design permits sampling times of up to 1 h, overcoming short-term temporal variability issues. Bedload traps were tested in two streams and appear to collect representative samples of gravel bedload transport. Bedload rating and flow competence curves are well-defined and steeper than those obtained by a Helley-Smith sampler. Rating curves from both samplers differ most at low flow but approach each other near bankfull flow. Critical flow determined from bedload traps is similar using the largest grain and the small transport rate method, suggesting suitability of bedload trap data for incipient motion studies.
Perfect coupling of light to surface plasmons by coherent absorption

We show theoretically that coherent light can be completely absorbed and transferred to surface plasmons in a two- or three-dimensional metallic nanostructure by exciting it with the time-reversed mode of the corresponding surface plasmon laser (``spaser''). The narrow-band perfect absorption is a generalization and application of the concept of critical coupling to a nanocavity with surface plasmon resonances. Perfect coupling of light to nanostructures has potential applications to nanoscale probing as well as background-free spectroscopy and ultrasensitive detection or sensing.
A relationship between triangulated graphs, comparability graphs, proper interval graphs, proper circular-arc graphs, and nested interval graphs

Given a set F of digraphs, we say a graph G is a F-graph (resp., F*-graph) if it has an orientation (resp., acyclic orientation) that has no induced subdigraphs isomorphic to any of the digraphs in F. It is proved that all the classes of graphs mentioned in the title are F-graphs or F*-graphs for subsets F of a set of three digraphs.
The effect of a phase transition on penetration of phospholipid monolayers by melittin and glucagon

Abstract The penetration of melittin and glucagon into phospholipid monolayers was studied by measuring compression isotherms of phospholipids in the absence and presence of various concentrations of protein in the subphase. Differences in molecular area were calculated as a function of protein concentration at constant pressure. Area change as a function of surface pressure at constant protein concentration was also calculated. Melittin showed greater affinity for penetration into phosphatidylglycerol (PG) than into phosphatidylcholine (PC) monolayers. The cutoff pressure for melittin penetration was 45 mN/m with PC and 60 mN/m (extrapolated) with PG. Dipalmitoyl PC and PG monolayers show phase transitions upon compression at 25 °C. Both melittin and glucagon showed increased penetration as measured by area change within the region of the phase transition with both lipids. Glucagon showed a cutoff pressure of 25 mN/m for penetration into dimyristoyl PC. The preference of glucagon for interaction with lipid bilayers in the gel phase is discussed with respect to monolayer penetration as a function of surface pressure.