cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploitation and length limit evaluation of Alabama bass in a South‐eastern USA reservoir

Alabama bass, Micropterus henshalli Hubbs & Bailey, are the dominant sportfish of Allatoona Reservoir, Georgia, USA, but no population assessment has been conducted. Thus, growth and total annual mortality were estimated in spring 2005, and a tagging study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to estimate angler exploitation. These data were used with an age-structured model to assess performance of a 356-mm minimum length limit (MLL), a 406-mm MLL and a 330- to 406-mm protected slot length limit (SLL) compared to the present harvest regulation of no MLL. Mean annual exploitation varied from 12 to 22% each year and was generally highest for fish > 330 mm; total annual mortality was 44%. Models predicted a 49–153% increase in numbers of Alabama bass reaching 432 mm, a 22–66% decline in numbers harvested and only moderate declines in yield (5–25%) with the alternative harvest regulations compared to current conditions. The SLL may be an acceptable compromise to allow Allatoona Reservoir anglers to still harvest fish while also improving Alabama bass size structure.
Rollup fabrication of microtubular structures by mechanically stretching/compressing thin films

This paper presents a new method to fabricate microtubes. The stress mismatch between two layers of a single (or different) material thin film is created by a mechanical stretcher. When the thin film is released from the substrate, it rolls up automatically to form the microtubes. Different types of materials are tested including magnesium, aluminum and parylene. The result shows that by changing the applied mechanical stress and the thickness of the thin film, the radius of rolled-up microtube could range from tens to thousands of microns. As model applications, the fabricated microtubes are examined for bubble trapping showing strong enough to trap air bubbles without collapse when submerged into water. When the acoustic field is applied, the bubble could oscillate and generate the microstreaming, therefore successful propelling motions are achieved. In addition, the biodegradable ability of magnesium microtube is tested. This fabrication method may be extended to make more complex three-dimensional microstructures in the future.
Mechanism and Implementation of Oxygen Inhibition Suppression in Photopolymerizations by Competitive Photoactivation of a Singlet Oxygen Sensitizer

Here, we report a novel method of suppressing oxygen inhibition while simultaneously performing photopolymerizations with a visible light photoinitiator. A singlet oxygen sensitizer, Zinc tetrakis(tert-butyl) phthalocyanine (Zn(ttp)), is used to excite oxygen at a rate greatly exceeding the initiation rate to promote the reaction of ground state oxygen preferentially with Zn(ttp). The inhibition times of such polymerizations decreased from 280 s for polymerization without Zn(ttp) to 40 s for Zn(ttp)-mediated polymerizations in air. Thermal polymerization studies shows that the suppression mechanism happens only when the formulation is exposed to visible light that is absorbed by Zn(ttp). The excited state of Zn(ttp) resulting from light absorption transfers its energy to oxygen, consequently exciting it to the singlet state. Because of the presence of deactivating mechanisms, the singlet oxygen decays back to its ground state and a quasi-steady state is established between the ground state and singlet sta...
Attachment of ribonucleotides on α-alumina as a function of pH, ionic strength, and surface loading.

The interactions between nucleic acids and mineral surfaces have been the focus of many studies in environmental sciences, in biomedicine, as well as in origin of life studies for the prebiotic formation of biopolymers. However, few studies have focused on a wide range of environmental conditions and the likely modes of attachment. Here we investigated the adsorption of ribonucleotides ontoα-alumina surfaces over a wide range of pH, ionic strength, and ligand-to-solid ratio, by both an experimental and a theoretical approach. The adsorption of ribonucleotides is strongly affected by pH, with a maximum adsorption at pH values around 5. Alumina adsorbs high amounts of nucleotides >2μmol/m 2 . We used the extended triple-layer model (ETLM) to predict the speciation of the surface complexes formed as well as the stoichiometry and equilibrium constants. We propose the formation of two surface species: a monodentate inner-sphere complex, dominant at pH <7, and a bidentate outer-sphere complex, dominant at higher pH. Both complexes would involve interactions between the negatively charged phosphate group and the positively charged surface of alumina. Our results provide a better understanding of how nucleic acids attach to mineral surfaces under varying environmental conditions. Moreover, the predicted configuration of nucleotide surface species, bound via the phosphate group, could have implications for the abiotic formation of nucleic acids in the context of the origin of life.
Potency of the Residues of Some Nonpersistent Insecticides in Soil Against Wireworms

In laboratory tests, the mortality of sugar-beet wireworms, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim), in soil treated with shortlived insecticides was a function of the product of the concentration of insecticide multiplied by the time of exposure. In the field, Limonius spp. are transients in the upper (treated) layers of soil so the duration of exposure to soil treatments is largely fixed. Thus, the potency of a shortlived treatment in the field is primarily determined by its absolute toxicity and residual concentration. The relative potency of different non-persistent treatments can therefore change considerably with time. Dyfonate® (O -ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), Bay 37289 (O -ethyl 0-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosworms, in potency to the recommended standards, parathion and diazinon. The relative toxicity (based on the LD90 value) was parathion = diazinon = Dyfonate > Bay 37289> carbofuran. The relative persistence was Bay 37289 > Dyfonate > carbofuran = disunion > parathion. Thus, the initial relative potency of treatments with 4.5 kg/hectare of the chemicals was Dyfonate = diazinon = parathion> Bay 37289 = carbofuran, and 6–8 weeks after application the theoretical residual relative potency was Bay 37289 > Dyfonate> diazinon > parathion = carbofuran.
A Unit Task Simulator for Off-Line Evaluation of Man/Computer Interfaces

A method is shown for simulating individual operator man/computer tasks and collecting performance statistics. This method employs a minicomputer with structured software that receives user-written programs for the specific processes and for display formatting. Users can easily try out and evaluate alternative interface designs, different combinations of task assignments, or various formatting dialogues. Job and task performance characteristics are directly obtained. An illustration is given. These performance characteristics may be used comparatively or as inputs to a total system simulation for the design of large man/machine systems.
Verification of stack manipulation in the SCIP processor

This paper presents a case study in the formal verification of the hardware description level specification of a general purpose computer processor. The major contributions of this paper are a framework for modelling VHDL hardware designs in the ACL2 language, a discipline for managing the layering of abstractions when verifying a hierarchical design, and a description of the significant theorems proved.
Burrow fumigation versus trapping for pocket gopher (Thomomys spp.) management: a comparison of efficacy and cost effectiveness

Abstract Context. Pocket gophers (Geomyidae) cause extensive damage to many crops throughout western North America. A variety of methods are available to manage these populations, but data are often lacking on their efficacy and especially their cost effectiveness. Additionally, little peer-reviewed data are available that compare multiple methods simultaneously. Aims. We tested aluminum phosphide and pressurised exhaust using the Pressurised Exhaust Rodent Controller (PERC) as burrow fumigants, and compared them to trapping to determine which approach was most efficacious and cost effective. Methods. We assessed the efficacy of aluminum phosphide, the PERC machine, and trapping through the use of the open-hole monitoring method after single and multiple treatments over multiple years. We determined material and labour costs for each treatment type and amortised this cost over 1250 days of application to determine which treatment type was most cost effective. Key results. Aluminum phosphide had the shorte...
Building a 3d atlas of the mouse brain

Building and studying 3D representations of anatomical structures, such as the brain, plays an important role in modern biology and medical science. While 3D imaging methods such as MRI and CT have been widely applied, 2D imaging methods such as optical microscopy typically generate images with much higher resolution. In this thesis I describe how to construct a high-resolution 3D atlas of the mouse brain from 2D microscopic images. In particular, I focus on using computer graphics techniques, such as image registration to correcting tissue distortions and polygonal modeling to build surfaces representing the partitioning of anatomical regions. The methods are being applied to construct a high-quality polygonal atlas of an adult mouse brain from 350 histological tissue sections. While the resulting brain atlas will contribute to a larger project of building a spatial database of gene expressions over the mouse brain, the methods described in this thesis are well suited for the general purpose of building polygonal atlases of arbitrary anatomical structures from tissue sections.
The effects of patient-centered depression care on patient satisfaction and depression remission

Background While health systems are striving for patient-centered care, they have little evidence to guide them on how to engage patients in their care, or how this may affect patient experiences and outcomes. Objective To explore which specific patient-centered aspects of care were best associated with depression improvement and care satisfaction. Methods Design: observational. Setting 83 primary care clinics across Minnesota. Subjects Primary care patients with new prescriptions for antidepressants for depression were recruited from 2007 to 2009. Outcome measures Patients completed phone surveys regarding demographics and self-rated health status and depression severity at baseline and 6 months. Patient centeredness was assessed via a modified version of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care. Differences in rates of remission and satisfaction between positive and negative responses for each care process were evaluated using chi-square tests. Results At 6 months, 37% of 792 patients ages 18-88 achieved depression remission, and 79% rated their care as good-to-excellent. Soliciting patient preferences for care and questions or concerns, providing treatment plans, utilizing depression scales and asking about suicide risk were patient-centered measures that were positively associated with depression remission in the unadjusted model; these associations were mildly weakened after adjustment for depression severity and health status. Nearly all measures of patient centeredness were positively associated with care ratings. Conclusion The patient centeredness of care influences how patients experience and rate their care. This study identified specific actions providers can take to improve patient satisfaction and depression outcomes.
Through the looking glass: early non-invasive imaging in TBI predicts the need for interventions.

Background Early diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) lead to better outcomes. It is difficult to predict which patients benefit from specialised centres, leading to over triage or delay in definitive care. We propose that a non-invasive test comprising optic nerve sheath ultrasound, transcranial Doppler and quantitative papillary reactivity is feasible, correlates with CT findings and may allow for accurate early identification of TBI. Methods A 1-year, prospective observation study evaluated a low-risk, non-invasive method of assessing brain injury. Patients underwent a non-invasive neurological examination for trauma, including the above assessments. Data from the three examinations were collected within 6 hours of injury and at 24 hours, and were analysed. Demographics, haemodynamic data, imaging results and short-term outcomes/interventions were recorded. Results Trauma patients over the age of 18 years, with a Glascow coma scale (GCS) of Conclusions The proposed examination is a feasible, non-invasive tool that may have clinical utility in the early prediction of TBI. If validated, it may improve trauma triage for the brain-injured patient. Further studies are warranted to validate this model.
Cystatins as inhibitors of metastatic disease

A tremendous challenge in the treatment and therapy of cancers is due to their propensity to undergo metastasis. Until now there are no effective inhibitors of metastasisin clinical use, excepting perhaps angiogenesis inhibitors. The cystatins are small molecular weight protein inhibitors of cathepsins which have anti-metastatic effects. While certain cathepsins are generally elevated in different tumors, the cystatins are either unchanged or decreased in levels. The cystatins display in general metastasis suppressor actions. Melanoma and a number of other cancers (glioblastoma, breast, prostate and colon) are found to have decreased metastasis when cystatin C is overexpressed in each of the cancer cell types. We noted earlier dramatic inhibition of migration and invasion of melanoma cells overexpressing cystatin. An increase in apoptosis was also noted in a mouse model of metastasis. The cystatins are also known angiogenesis inhibitors which may play a role in reduced metastatic tumor growth. Decreases in melanoma cell signaling and cell migration on collagen are a major current focus. Migration related changes including rhoprotein and calcium regulation are the current approaches we have taken to look at cystatinmechanism of action. The anti-metastatic actions of a natural protein, cystatin, may help unlock future cancer treatment options.
Effects of music on task performance, engagement, and behavior: A literature review:

Currently, there is a growing body of empirical research regarding the role of background music in the education of individuals with disabilities. A systematic literature review identified 20 studies between 1970 and 2014 focusing on the role of contingent and noncontingent background music to facilitate task engagement, enhance performance, and alter behavior. Though the research addressing background music has mixed results, there is evidence suggesting that this could be an effective strategy for increasing task engagement and performance and decreasing stimulatory behavior for individuals with developmental disabilities. Since music can be considered inexpensive and may be less intrusive in comparison to other strategies, its use merits additional study to explore how and to what extent music affects behavior.
Lung Cysteine/cystine Redox Potential Increase Is Associated with Worse Inflammation and Disrupted Metabolism during H1N1 Infection and Exposure to Dietary Levels of Cadmium

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 is seasonally active in the United States, affecting millions of people each year and claiming tens of thousands of lives since the 2009 pandemic. Public health efforts have focused on vaccination, but exposed individuals who become sick face severe inflammation and possibly death. Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous heavy metal that interacts with thiols such as metallothionein and GSH. Public dietary exposure has remained steadily constant, potentially worsening health risks. Emerging evidence suggests Cd may worsen lung disease at levels achievable in the diet. To assess the role of dietary Cd in lung inflammation, mice were exposed to 1 mg/l CdCl 2 in drinking water for 16 weeks. 10 days prior to study completion, mice were intranasally given sub-lethal H1N1 or sterile saline. H1N1 caused a 20% body weight loss and 7-fold increase in airway enhanced pause after 10 days, and Cd exposure caused a 4.8-fold increase in lung tissue Cd without detectable changes in urine or plasma. Infected and Cd-exposed mice had worse lung inflammation, which was comprised of neutrophils, monocytes and T cells, and increased KC, IP-10, IFN-γ and IL-6. Lung tissue cysteine/cystine redox potential (Eh[CySS]) was progressively increased by Cd, H1N1 and the combination, unlike glutathione redox potential (Eh[GSSG]). A similar, less significant trend was observed in plasma Eh[GSSG]. Reducing Eh[CySS] clustered with myogenesis and complement pathway genes by associating with inflammation-sensitive metabolism such as kynurenine conversion to anthranilic acid. These data suggest lung Eh[CySS] coordinates tissue responses to viral-induced inflammation and that ingested Cd may significantly worsen lung inflammation during respiratory infections.
Introduction: Masculinity, Modernity, Papua New Guinea

This book focuses on dimensions of alienation among Murik men who live in rural and peri-urban communities in a new postcolonial state, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Four concepts that orient it are introduced: the sociology and anthropology of masculinity, modernity theory, a sociological and Lacanian view of alienation and a Bakhtinian notion of dialogue. An overview of institutional and rural aspects of men in the postcolonial state of PNG is presented. The main institutions in Murik society are then outlined as are summaries of each chapter.
Greater Sensitivity of Oral Fibroblasts to Smoked Versus Smokeless Tobacco

Background: Smokers have an increased incidence and severity of periodontal disease. Although cigarette smoke contains >4,000 chemical components that could affect periodontal tissues, less is understood about the effect of smokeless tobacco. Therefore, this study compares the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and smokeless tobacco extract (STE) on cell survival and motility of periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingival fibroblasts in vitro.Methods: PDL and gingival fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of CSE, STE, or nicotine alone. Viable cells were labeled with calcein acetoxymethyl, visualized using fluorescent microscopy, and quantified using a fluorescence multi-well plate reader. In vitro wounding and collagen gel contraction assays were used to assess cell motility.Results: Both gingival and PDL fibroblasts displayed reduced cell viability with increasing concentrations of CSE and STE. Based on relative nicotine content, CSE was significantly more cytotoxic than STE. PDL fibrobla...
ESP: A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Application Interference

Independent applications co-scheduled on the same hardware will interfere with one another, affecting performance in complicated ways. Predicting this interference is key to efficiently scheduling applications on shared hardware, but forming accurate predictions is difficult because there are many shared hardware features that could lead to the interference. In this paper we investigate machine learning approaches (specifically, regularization) to understand the relation between those hardware features and application interference. We propose ESP, a highly accurate and fast regularization technique for application interference prediction. To demonstrate this practicality, we implement ESP and integrate it into a scheduler for both single and multi-node Linux/x86 systems and compare the scheduling performance to state-of-the-art heuristics. We find that ESP-based schedulers increase throughput by 1.25-1.8× depending on the scheduling scenario. Additionally, we find that ESP's accurate predictions allow schedulers to avoid catastrophic decisions, which heuristic approaches fundamentally cannot detect.
Applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the pediatric abdomen

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a radiation-free, safe, and in specific clinical settings, highly sensitive imaging modality. Over the recent decades, there is cumulating experience and a large volume of published safety and efficacy data on pediatric CEUS applications. Many of these applications have been directly translated from adults, while others are unique to the pediatric population. The most frequently reported intravenous abdominal applications of CEUS in children are the characterization of focal liver lesions, monitoring of solid abdominal tumor response to treatment, and the evaluation of intra-abdominal parenchymal injuries in selected cases of blunt abdominal trauma. The intravesical CEUS application, namely contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS), is a well-established, pediatric-specific imaging technique entailing the intravesical administration of ultrasound contrast agents for detection and grading of vesicoureteral reflux. In Europe, all pediatric CEUS applications remain off-label. In 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the most commonly used worldwide second-generation ultrasound contrast SonoVue®/Lumason® for pediatric liver and intravesical applications, giving new impetus to pediatric CEUS worldwide.
Gender and Geographical Balance: With a Focus on the UN Secretariat and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Drawing mostly from publicly available data and information, we analyse how gender and geographical balance play out in the United Nations (UN) bodies, with a focus on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) structures and related activities. Unlike other UN bodies, the IPCC set-up is unique in that it is organised around volunteer expertise drawn from national focal pointsâ€™ secondment for specific tasks. As such, issues of gender and geographical balance remain sensitive, especially since the object of deliveryâ€”climate changeâ€”is traditionally framed from the science discipline. It emerged that both the UN Secretariat and the IPCC are still battling with gender and geographical balance matters. As of 2013, women comprised 31.3 per cent of the influential senior professionals (those with a minimum of 15 yearsâ€™ work experience and ranked at D1+ grades), while the geographical spread of contributors in the IPCC reflects strong dominance from developed countries. Bias in favour of male contributors further emerged. Although there is significant effort to address the situation, we recommend a deliberate fast tracking on the involvement of women and balance in geographical spread, especially in IPCC work. Such fast tracking will assist in having womenâ€™s concerns and interests addressed in agenda setting and global programming on climate change and other matters.Â
Refined ab initio gene predictions of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora using RNA-seq.

Abstract Interest has recently grown in developing the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a model to genetically dissect the process of parasitic infection. Despite the availability of a full genome assembly, there is substantial variation in gene model accuracy. Here, a methodology is presented for leveraging RNA-seq evidence to generate improved annotations using ab initio gene prediction software. After alignment of reads and subsequent generation of a RNA-seq supported annotation, the new gene prediction models were verified on a selection of genes by comparison with sequenced 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends products. By utilising a whole transcriptome for genome annotation, the current reference annotation was enriched, demonstrating the importance of coupling transcriptional data with genome assemblies.
Fingerprinting Non-Terran Biosignatures.

Abstract Most strategies for life detection rely upon finding features known to be associated with terran life, such as particular classes of molecules. But life may be vastly different on other pl...
BlockyTalky: New programmable tools to enable students’ learning networks

Abstract Networked systems like social media and games are ubiquitous in the lives of young people. Yet no currently available programming tools exist that have been specifically created to enable youth to create such systems. Similarly, industrial and academic programming practices often involve the simultaneous production and subsequent integration of code by multiple collaborators. But few youth-focused programming tools have been designed to support this form of authentic participation in computing. We describe the design of a new programming environment that addresses both of these needs. It empowers adolescents to design, make, and program interactive, tangible networked technologies, indicating the feasibility of networked technology as a design and programming genre for youth. We show how distributed programming tools can offer young people agency to work within a variety of collaboration structures. We present results from two U.S. middle school classroom implementations. Students created a wide variety of projects that included interaction design, physical artifact design and making, and network programming. Students enacted a variety of collaboration approaches that were responsive to their creative goals and inter-personal relationships. They programmed a system of small single-board computers that process input and output information from connected sensors, actuators, or synthesizers, and communicate over a network. Students constructed different collaborative structures, from pair to jigsaw programming. Our contribution is to show what the technical content and social structure of future computing education environments for youth could be.
Fourier array imaging

The past forty years have seen a number of imaging modalities developed for radar, sonar, diagnostic medicine, geophysical and celestial exploration, and non-destructive testing. Now, for those involved in designing and developing information processing tools for these imaging systems, author Mehrdad Soumekh offers in-depth coverage of diverse issues such as physical and mathematical modeling of the problem, signal processing, reconstruction, analysis of resolution and system parameter constraints, hardware structure used for data acquisition, and the overall imaging system block diagram (signal flow-chart) indicating how the acquired data are processed to yield the final reconstructed image. Fourier Array Imaging introduces the spatial Doppler phenomenon in conjunction with the most primitive signal processing tools and systems used in array imaging; presents terminologies and tools for two-dimensional signal processing; treats specific array imaging systems via the unifying framework of spatial Doppler processing, including phased-array imaging, synthetic aperture array (SAR and ISAR) imaging, passive array imaging, and bistatic array imaging with emphasis on transmission imaging problems of diagnostic medicine and geophysical exploration; devotes coverage to the analysis of resolution anticipated in an imaging system and to the constraints that are instrumental for selecting parameters of an imaging system; describes some of the classical methods used for image formation in array imaging systems and relates them to the spatial Doppler-based imaging via certain approximations.
Facilitating Assessment of Late Effects by Organ System

This chapter provides charts by organ system that cover the late effects of various cancer treatments. The healthcare provider for a patient with cardiac symptomatology, for example, can review the cardiac chart to find the common late side effects, causative treatments (chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery), signs and symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests, and appropriate intervention and management procedures. If further information is needed, the reader can refer to the chapter that covers the affected organ for a detailed discussion of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, as well as additional information regarding detection, screening, management, and intervention.
Reflecting on Work in Project-Based Organizations: Leveraging Email to Construct Activity System Models for Project Work

Project-based organizations offer challenging environments for professional communicators interested in reflecting on and improving project related work practices. The episodic work that sustains an organization is often lost to time and the constant reconfigurations of labor. We contend email provides a promising empirical source of data for hidden project work that, when identified and modeled through an activity system framework, offers incredible insights into work practices and organizational influences. Reflecting on a recent case study, we highlight modifications needed to enable this email-based modeling approach to work for analysts considering work in active project-based organizations. We offer a strategy for moving the modeling exercise into the field.
Planewave response of a simple Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium with magnetoelectric gyrotropy

Abstract The simple Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium described by the constitutive relations D = e0erE − Γ × H and B = μ0μrH − Γ × E is inspired by a specific spacetime metric, Γ being the magnetoelectric-gyrotopy vector. Field representations in this medium can be obtained from those for the isotropic dielectric-magnetic medium. When a plane wave is incident on a half space occupied by the Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium with magnetoelectric gyrotopy, theory shows that the transverse component of the magnetoelectric-gyrotopy vector is responsible for a rotation about the normal axis; furthermore, left/right reflection asymmetry is exhibited. Additionally, left/right transmission asymmetry is exhibited by a planar slab composed of the Lorentz-nonreciprocal medium with magnetoelectric gyrotopy. The left/right asymmetries are of interest for one-way devices.
Computational Modeling of Laser Absorption in Reacting Flows

The modeling and simulation of the Beer–Lambert law is developed and presented for laser absorption along an arbitrary, straight optical path in which conditions along the optical path are nonhomog...
Identification of Host Biomarkers of EBV Latency IIb and Latency III

ABSTRACT Deciphering the molecular pathogenesis of virally induced cancers is challenging due, in part, to the heterogeneity of both viral and host gene expression. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus prevalent in B-cell lymphomas of the immune suppressed. EBV infection of primary human B cells leads to their immortalization into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) serving as a model of these lymphomas. In previous studies, our lab has described a temporal model for immortalization with an initial phase characterized by expression of the Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigens (EBNAs), high c-Myc activity, and hyper-proliferation in the absence of the Latent Membrane Proteins (LMPs), called latency IIb. This is followed by the long-term outgrowth of LCLs expressing the EBNAs along with the LMPs, particularly the NFκB-activating LMP1, defining latency III. LCLs, however, express a broad distribution of LMP1 such that a subset of these cells expresses LMP1 at levels seen in latency IIb, making it difficult to distinguish these two latency states. In this study, we performed mRNA-Seq on early EBV-infected latency IIb cells and latency III LCLs sorted by NFκB activity. We found that latency IIb transcriptomes clustered independently from latency III independent of NFκB. We identified and validated mRNAs defining these latency states. Indeed, we were able to distinguish latency IIb cells from LCLs expressing low levels of LMP1 using multiplex RNA-FISH targeting EBV EBNA2, LMP1, and human CCR7. This study defines latency IIb as a bona fide latency state independent from latency III and identifies biomarkers for understanding EBV-associated tumor heterogeneity. IMPORTANCE EBV is a ubiquitous pathogen with >95% of adults harboring a life-long latent infection in memory B cells. In immunocompromised individuals, latent EBV infection can result in lymphoma. The established expression profile of these lymphomas is latency III, which includes expression of all latency genes. However, single cell analysis of EBV latent gene expression in these lymphomas suggests heterogeneity where most cells express the transcription factor, EBNA2, and only a fraction express the membrane protein LMP1. Our work describes an early phase after infection where the EBNAs are expressed without LMP1, called latency IIb. However, LMP1 levels within latency III vary widely making these states hard to discriminate. This may have important implications for therapeutic responses. It is crucial to distinguish these states to understand the molecular pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Ultimately, better tools to understand the heterogeneity of these cancers will support more efficacious therapies in the future.
Native Dancing: The Truthing in Performative Knowing

My main objective of this chapter is to construe an analytical analysis of how dancing and choreographing can satisfy the core requirements of the Native procedural knowledge framework: respectful, successful, performance. Obviously, that dance is an activity and process will already have been established and will be reintroduced to set up the analysis. The pivotal argument in this chapter substantiates how dance satisfies the successful criterion. This is going to rely on a comingling of knowing-how arguments in relation to successfully deploying embodied metaphors and technique with processes of uptake and attentiveness on the part of the viewer. When taken together with the upshots of Chapter 4—that if knowing is embodied, metaphorical, relational, and praxis based—then my argument becomes evident—that dance is the most unmediated and clearest mode through which to generate and communicate knowledge and Truth from the perspective of Native American epistemology.
Band offsets at amorphous hydrogenated boron nitride/high-k oxide interfaces from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with charging effects analysis

To facilitate the design of heterostructure devices employing hexagonal (sp2) boron nitride, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the valence band offsets (VBOs) at interfaces between amorphous hydrogenated sp2 boron nitride (a-BN:H) and atomic-layer-deposited high-dielectric-constant (high-k) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium oxide (HfO2). After consideration of the effects of charging and differential charging, including with dual-beam charge compensation, the VBOs for Al2O3/a-BN:H and HfO2/a-BN:H interfaces were determined to be 1.9 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 eV, respectively. Additionally, the conduction band offsets at the Al2O3/a-BN:H and HfO2/a-BN:H interfaces were determined, based on literature-reported bandgaps for the respective materials, to be –1.0 ± 0.3 and –1.1 ± 0.3 eV, respectively, indicating type II band alignment in both cases.
LeiLynn Olivas Odom (1946–2020)

LeiLynn Olivas Odom (Figure 1), tribal elder in the yak tityu tityu yak tilhini – Northern Chumash Tribe of San Luis Obispo County and Region passed away on June 2, 2020, after a series of health c...
Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Cerebral Blood Flow in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

BACKGROUND Central arterial stiffness is an emerging risk factor of age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that carotid arterial stiffness is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increased cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD. METHODS Fifty-four patients with amnestic MCI and 24 cognitively normal subjects (CN) of similar age and sex to MCI patients underwent measurements of CBF and carotid β-stiffness index using ultrasonography and applanation tonometry. Total CBF was measured as the sum of CBF from both the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and divided by total brain tissue mass (assessed with MRI) to obtain normalized CBF (nCBF). RESULTS Relative to CN subjects, MCI patients showed lower nCBF (53.3 ± 3.2 vs 50.4±3.4 mL/100 g/min, P < 0.001) and higher CVR (0.143 ± 0.019 vs 0.156 ± 0.023 mmHg/mL/min, P < 0.015). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nCBF was negatively associated with carotid β-stiffness index (B = -0.822, P < 0.001); CVR was positively associated with carotid systolic pressure (B = 0.001, P < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and MCI status. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that carotid artery stiffening may contribute at least in part to the reduced nCBF and increased CVR in patients with MCI associated with augmented carotid arterial pulsatility.
Assessing the Elastic Moduli of Pavement Marking Tapes using the Tape Drape Test

Temporary pavement marking (TPM) tape adhesion with roadway surfaces is critical for tape performance. The two main TPM performance issues both stem from the adhesive strength. Weak adhesion result...
Fulminant Myocarditis in Fontan Patient Treated with Mechanical Circulatory Support and Heartmate 3

Introduction Cardiogenic shock is a rapidly progressive condition associated with high mortality, often necessitating the use of mechanical circulatory support. Single ventricle physiology with Fontan presents many unique anatomical and hemodynamic challenges, and there is limited published experience with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) in this population. Case Report A 30 year old female with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and lateral tunneled Fontan presented with chest pressure followed by sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). Her echo demonstrated severely reduced left ventricular (LV) function with ejection fraction of 15-20%. Endomyocardial biopsy showed lymphocytic myocarditis, and she was treated with pulse steroids and IVIG. Given worsening shock and multiorgan failure with rapid vasopressor escalation, she was placed on femoral VA ECMO with Impella CP for venting. She eventually had LV apical cannulation and aortic graft via an upper hemisternotomy and left thoracotomy as a left ventricular assist device (KVAD). Her course was notable for persistent VT, shock liver, and renal failure requiring dialysis. After 3 weeks of mechanical support, she demonstrated recovery in end organ function and normalization of mental status, allowing for extubation and physical therapy. Given her high BMI and inability to list for a heart transplant, she underwent successful implant of a Heartmate 3 LVAD (via the original left thoracotomy using the previously placed aortic graft). Despite repeatedly negative surveillance and preoperative COVID19 tests following her initial recovery, postoperatively she developed de novo COVID19 infection complicated by respiratory failure, vasodilatory shock, renal failure, complement deposition, inflammatory storm, and concern for Fontan thrombosis. Despite aggressive treatment, she passed away from her COVID19 complications. Summary We present a case of fulminant cardiogenic shock due to lymphocytic myocarditis in a patient with Fontan physiology that was bridged with VA ECMO and KVAD and eventually received a Heartmate 3. Unfortunately, she passed away from de novo COVID19 infection. This case highlights several unique aspects such as the management of profound cardiogenic shock in complex congenital heart disease and the use of mechanical support in single ventricle Fontan physiology.
Septic polyarthritis with Mycoplasma salivarium in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency: case report and review of the literature.

Mycoplasma salivarium is a common mycoplasma usually isolated from human oropharynx, particularly from individuals with periodontal disease. It is also among the more common mycoplasmal contaminants of eukaryotic cell cultures. Although M. salivarium has been isolated occasionally from abscesses and other sterile sites, to our knowledge, only three cases of septic arthritis have been documented in the past due to this organism, all in patients with humoral immunodeficiency. We now report a fourth case of septic polyarthritis in a patient with profound hypoimmunoglobulinemia who had experienced dental abscesses within the preceding 2 years. Our case highlights the importance of considering invasive mycoplasmal infection in hypogammaglobulinemic patients. It is likely of significance that the patient had suffered recurrent dental abscesses as a source of infection with M. salivarium .
A Review of Family Environment and Neurobehavioral Outcomes Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications of Early Adverse Experiences, Family Stress, and Limbic Development

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health crisis, with neurobehavioral morbidity observed years after an injury associated with changes in related brain structures. A substantial literature base has established family environment as a significant predictor of neurobehavioral outcomes following pediatric TBI. The neural mechanisms linking family environment to neurobehavioral outcomes have, however, received less empiric study in this population. In contrast, limbic structural differences as well as challenges with emotional adjustment and behavioral regulation in non-TBI populations have been linked to a multitude of family environmental factors, including family stress, parenting style, and adverse childhood experiences. In this article, we systematically review the more comprehensive literature on family environment and neurobehavioral outcomes in pediatric TBI and leverage the work in both TBI and non-TBI populations to expand our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms. Thus, we summarize the extant literature on the family environment's role in neurobehavioral sequelae in children with TBI and explore potential neural correlates by synthesizing the wealth of literature on family environment and limbic development, specifically related to the amygdala. This review underscores the critical role of environmental factors, especially those predating the injury, in modeling recovery outcomes post-TBI in childhood, and discusses clinical and research implications across pediatric populations. Given the public health crisis of pediatric TBI, along with the context of sparse available medical interventions, a broader understanding of factors contributing to outcomes is warranted to expand the range of intervention targets.
Dissenting Statement and Rebuttal of Commissioner Gail L. Heriot in U.S. Commission on Civil Right Report: Racial Disparities on Maternal Health

On September 15, 2021, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights published a report entitled Racial Disparities in Maternal Health (the “Report”). This Dissenting Statement and Rebuttal (the “Statement”) is a part of that report. Among other things, the Statement points out several errors in Report. For example, the Report incorrectly states that maternal mortality has increased 50% over the last generation. What has actually happened is that changes in death certificates have caused more deaths to be classified as maternal in nature. The Report also emphasizes the theory that racism plays a prominent role in causing racial disparities in maternal mortality. The Statement points out in response that maternal mortality rates for Hispanic and Asian American mothers are lower than the rate for white mothers. This tends to detract from the theory that racism is what’s causing the disparities.
Animal Studies on the Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Transcranial Electric Stimulation

Experimentations with animal models spanning decades have characterized a number of effects of weak electric stimulation (ES) on neurons and brain activity. By “weak,” we mean electric fields that are too weak to activate otherwise quiescent neurons. Low-intensity (few mA) transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) produces weak electric fields in the brain. The effects that have been observed for such weak fields include acute polarization of neurons, lasting modulation of neuronal excitability, network effects which can amplify small single-neuron effects, synaptic plasticity, effects on glia, and other nonneuronal effects such as inflammation, although the latter tend to occur mostly for stronger fields at longer stimulation durations. These effects are reviewed here as candidates for the mechanisms that underlie the effects of tES observed in humans. We further review animal studies that are relevant to specific clinical pathologies.
Ventricular Paroxysmal Tachycardia With Report of a Case

Excerpt Paroxysmal tachycardia may be defined as an abnormally rapid heart action with sudden onset and offset, and is divided according to the site of origin of the impulse which may be in the aur...
Kinetic Models of Na-Dependent Phosphorylation of Na,K-ATPase from Rat Brain

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the kinetic models of Na-dependent phosphorylation of Na, K–ATPase from rat brain. Na + -dependent kinetics of the enzyme have indicated that multiple Na + ions interact with it. Kinetic models for Na + interaction on two or three equivalent sites and two or three nonequivalent sites have been proposed in the chapter. The chapter presents a further analysis of these models. The approach presented may provide a useful tool to kinetically characterize Na + interactions with the enzyme in relation to active site E–P intermediates. The E–P versus Na + data were analyzed by Scatchard plot, Hill plot, double reciprocal plot, and a multiple equilibrium titration curve based on the equation discussed in the chapter. A Scatchard plot of the data was markedly curved inward toward the origin, indicating multiple Na + interactions. Double reciprocal and Hill plots were nonlinear, which were divided into three regions by inspection and straight line fitted by linear regression in each region. The two or three nonequivalent-site models gave a better fit than the equivalent­site models.
Sulphur emissions from ships

The main natural source of sulphur dioxide (SO2) over the oceans comes from oxidation of dimethyl sulphide produced by phytoplankton. It now appears that ships also emit far more SO2pollution than expected, leading to more reflective clouds (and therefore cooling) in areas with busy shipping routes.
Interactive motion modeling and parameterization by direct demonstration

While interactive virtual humans are becoming widely used in education, training and therapeutic applications, building animations which are both realistic and parameterized in respect to a given scenario remains a complex and time-consuming task. In order to improve this situation, we propose a framework based on the direct demonstration and parameterization of motions. The presented approach addresses three important aspects of the problem in an integrated fashion: (1) our framework relies on an interactive real-time motion capture interface that empowers non-skilled animators with the ability to model realistic upper-body actions and gestures by direct demonstration; (2) our interface also accounts for the interactive definition of clustered example motions, in order to well represent the variations of interest for a given motion being modeled; and (3) we also present an inverse blending optimization technique which solves the problem of precisely parameterizing a cluster of example motions in respect to arbitrary spatial constraints. The optimization is efficiently solved online, allowing autonomous virtual humans to precisely perform learned actions and gestures in respect to arbitrarily given targets. Our proposed framework has been implemented in an immersive multi-tile stereo visualization system, achieving a powerful and intuitive interface for programming generic parameterized motions by demonstration.