cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autonomous rule creation for intrusion detection

Many computational intelligence techniques for anomaly based network intrusion detection can be found in literature. Translating a newly discovered intrusion recognition criteria into a distributable rule can be a human intensive effort. This paper explores a multi-modal genetic algorithm solution for autonomous rule creation. This algorithm focuses on the process of creating rules once an intrusion has been identified, rather than the evolution of rules to provide a solution for intrusion detection. The algorithm was demonstrated on anomalous ICMP network packets (input) and Snort rules (output of the algorithm). Output rules were sorted according to a fitness value and any duplicates were removed. The experimental results on ten test cases demonstrated a 100 percent rule alert rate. Out of 33,804 test packets 3 produced false positives. Each test case produced a minimum of three rule variations that could be used as candidates for a production system.
Public Speech: “Markets, Capital Markets and Globalization”

I want to begin with a quotation from David Hume on trade. He was writing in the 18th century in Scotland. David Hume was part of what we call the Scottish Enlightenment, and the two most important figures in the Scottish Enlightenment were David Hume and Adam Smith. And this is David Hume on trade:
Trichophyton (Microsporum?) gallinae ringworm in a monkey

This is the first report of spontaneous infection with Trichophyton gallinae in a monkey and it extends the range of this dermatophyte to the Philippine Islands. The new isolate produced ringworm experimentally in monkeys, guinea pigs and roosters, with typical white-comb lesions and scutula in the birds. Hair involvement was ectothrix in the guinea pig but largely endothrix in the monkey. The significance of verrucose macroconidia in T. gallinae and the proper generic classification of this species are discussed.
The Kids Are Alright; It's the Grown-Ups Who Scare Me: A Comparative Look at Mass Shootings in the United States and Australia

To the casual observer, mass shootings appear to have become commonplace in modern America. Reliable data regarding mass shootings, however, is difficult to obtain. The data that is available is often couched in partisan politics and personal agendas. The following pages attempt to bridge this disconnect by providing a historical and cultural context for mass shootings in the United States.This article begins by refuting two common myths about modern mass shootings: first, that America is currently experiencing a mass murder epidemic; and second, that mass murder is a uniquely American phenomenon. In rebutting these myths, the author provides a background of mass shooting statistics, a profile of the typical mass shooter, and a brief explanation of the popular assertion that concealed and carry laws lower mass shooting rates. The article then illustrates Australia’s remarkably successful attempt to curb mass shootings through firearm legislation and addresses whether similar results can be achieved in the United States. The author closes by advancing three claims: First, concealed and carry laws are not sound public policy for lowering the mass shooting rate in the United States. Second, increased mental health screening and a national firearm-licensing scheme are reasonable alternatives for reducing American mass shootings. Finally, the best mechanism for curbing the global mass shooting rate is to increase worldwide access to mental health services and professionals.
Laminar Partially Premixed Flames of Blends of Pre-Vaporized Jet-A Fuel and Palm Methyl Ester

Biofuels, such as palm methyl ester (PME), are attractive alternates to petroleum fuels. In order to isolate the effects of fuel chemistry on the combustion properties, laminar partially premixed pre-vaporized flames of blends of Jet-A and PME (volume concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% PME) were studied. A stainless steel circular tube (ID of 9.5 mm) served as the burner. The liquid fuel was supplied with a syringe pump into a high temperature (390°C) air flow to vaporize it completely without coking. The fuel flow rate was maintained constant and the air flow rate adjusted to obtain burner-exit equivalence ratios of 2, 3 and 7. The global flame properties including flame length, CO and NO emission indices, radiative heat fraction and in-flame properties including gas concentration (CO, CO2, NO, O2), temperature and soot volume fraction were measured. The near-burner homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in length with the addition of PME at all equivalence ratios. The concentration and global emission measurements highlight the non-monotonic variation of properties with the volume concentration of PME in the fuel. The fuel-bound oxygen of PME affected the combustion properties significantly.© 2014 ASME
A Note on Phlyctidium

In a recent note (1937) I pointed out that the spelling of Gobi's (1879) algal genus Asterocytis differs slightly from de Wildeman's (1893) chytrid genus Asterocystis and that there were no orthographic grounds for substituting Olpidiaster for the latter, as Pascher (1917) had maintained. Shortly thereafter Arwidsson (1938), however, showed that Berkeley and Broome (1875) had used the name Astrocystis for a group of ascomycetes, and since Asterocystis is but an orthographic variation of the latter, Berkeley and Broome's genus has priority over de Wildeman's. Pascher's viewpoint has thus been confirmed, but from other evidence than that which he presented. In a study of the early mycological literature I have found another case of priority among the chytrid genera. In 1855 Braun established Phlyctidium as a sub-genus of Chytridium to include non-operculate species whose intramatrical absorbing system consists of an unbranched peg, knob, or short filament. A few years later Rabenhorst (1868) raised it to generic rank, and since that time it has been recognized as such by most students of the chytrids. A survey of the literature, however, shows that Wallroth used this name for a group of ascomycetes as early as 1833, and since Phlyctidium was thus established subsequent to Fries (1821-1832) Systema mycologicum, it has status and validity under the present rules of nomenclature. Braun was apparently unaware of Wallroth's genus, for in none of his writings have I been able to find any reference to it. The thirteen ascomycetous species included by Wallroth in Phlyctidium have since been gradually transferred to other genera as far as I am aware, and the genus is no longer recognized among the ascomycetes except as a tautonymy. As has been pointed out by numerous investigators, it is very doubtful whether the chytrids included at present in Phlyctidium are sufficiently different from those of Rhizophidium to justify a 286
Taking the APL Mini-MOC Concept to the Next Level (Down)

In late January of 2007, the Electronic Systems Group of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory’s (JHU/APL) Space Department was tasked with the development and verification of the Power Distribution Units (PDU) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) two Radiation Belt Storm Probe (RBSP) spacecraft. The PDU was a new design, single string (no redundancy) and resided on the critical path of the spacecraft Integration and Test (I&T) schedule. Due to these factors, newly designed test sets were required to be developed (on an aggressive schedule) that would offer the individual board designers and the box level testers a reliable, repeatable, autonomous, and user-friendly platform with which to work. JHU/APL has been successfully utilizing the concept of Mini-MOCs (Mini Missions Operation Centers) to perform subsystem (box) level testing for more than a decade on multiple missions. These Mini-MOCs typically utilize a Commercial-off-the-Shelf Command and Telemetry (COTS C&T) product along with JHU/APL-developed software to provide a subset of full MOC capabilities. The PDU Test Team made the decision to attempt to bring the Mini-MOC concept down to the individual slice (circuit board) level to test all three types of PDU slices before attempting to integrate the slices together. This enabled the PDU Test Team to utilize the repeatability, autonomy, and user friendly aspects of the COTS C&T to meet all of the test set requirements, along with streamlining the box-level testing schedule. In this paper, the PDU Test Team describes the engineering process undertaken to accomplish this task along with some lessons learned along the way.
Shrews from the Late Pleistocene of Central Kansas, with the Description of a New Species of Sorex

Fossil vertebrates, including four species of shrews, have been recovered from late Pleistocene deposits in Rice and Ellis counties, Kansas. Sorex scottensis , S. arcticus , and S. palustris are recorded only from the Ellis County locality. A new species of Sorex was found at both the Rice and Ellis county localities. Mensural parameters and dental characteristics, particularly the robust structure of P4 and the relationship of a small trigonid to a relatively broad talonid on M3, serve to distinguish the new species from the other known taxa of Sorex. An interpretation of the paleoecology, based in part on the preferred habitats of the two extant species of shrews, indicates that a stream-marsh environment with interspered low-lying meadows and deciduous or coniferous trees existed in Ellis County at the time of the deposition of the fossils.
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE AS A PROTECTIVE AGENT DURING FREEZING AND THAWING OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA.

SummaryDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was evaluated, in terms of motility, as a freeze-thaw protective agent with human spermatozoa. DMSO was found to be equal to glycerol in this protective capacity but proved more toxic during storage at 22°C both before freezing and after thawing. An interaction of protective and toxic effects was noted in a comparison of 5, 10, 15 and 20% DMSO which suggested the 10% level as the most favorable. On the basis of findings, DMSO is not recommended as a substitute for glycerol in the preservation of human spermatozoa by freezing with the methods described.The superior technical assistance of Mr. Kyung Soo Kim is gratefully acknowledged, as is the cooperation of 16 medical students who donated semen.
Investigation of a Magnetically Augmented Cryogenic Refrigerator

This paper describes a new type of cryogenic cycle which produces refrigeration by thermodynamically cycling both a magnetic material and a compressible fluid. The processes which compose the cycle are described and contrasted with a purely mechanical and purely magnetic cycle. Two mathematical models of the refrigerator are developed. The results of the simpler model are used to illustrate the mechanisms of entropy and energy flow. The more complex model is used to optimize the operating pressure ratio and mass ratio. It was determined that the proposed refrigeration cycle has the potential to produce significant refrigeration at a pressure ratio compatible with conventional cryocoolers and at moderate levels of applied field swing.
Targeted treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

The development of targeted treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is changing the prognostic outlook for CLL patients. The B-cell antigen receptor pathway is identified as pivotal for CLL pathogenesis and CLL cell proliferation. Inhibition of this pathway by ibrutinib (Bruton's tyrosin kinase inhibition) and idelalisib (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition) has recently shown impressive clinical results, also for CLL patients with relapsed/refractory disease and unfavourable prognostic markers. Apoptosis induction by inhibition of BCL2 with ABT-199 is reported with likewise promising clinical results.
Rat myometrial smooth muscle cells show high levels of gap junctional communication under a variety of culture conditions

Gap junctional communciation was examined in rat myometrial smooth muscle cells cultured under a variety of conditions. As a functional measure of gap junctional communication, donor cells were microinjected with the fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow, and the transfer of dye from donor cells to primary neighbor cells was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. In a myometrial smooth muscle cell line established from midgestation (Day 10) rats, high levels of dye transfer, in excess of 90%, were observed in primary cultures and at Passages 1 and 10. A slight decrease in dye transfer to 75% was observed at Passage 5. Similarly, high levels of dye transfer were observed in a smooth muscle cell line established from the myometrium of a late-gestation (Day 19) rat under subconfluent as well as confluent culture conditions. Myometrial smooth muscle cell cultures established from sexually immature 19-day-old rats also exhibited high levels of dye transfer in primary cultures and at Passage 10. Treatment of primary myometrial smooth muscle cell cultures derived from immature 19-day-old rats with 17β-estradiol (50 ng/ml) and 4-pregnen-3,20-dione (150 ng/ml) for 48 h in vitro had no significant effect on the high levels of dye transfer. Thus, extensive dye transfer was observed in the rat myometrial smooth muscle cells under all culture conditions examined, regardless of sexual maturity or gestational stage of the animal, in vitro hormone treatment, or cell density.
A parameterized family of anatomically accurate human upper-body musculoskeletal models for dynamic simulation & control

Modeling human motion requires an accurate specification of musculoskeletal physiology, yet there exists no method to quantify the modeling accuracy required, or to predict the effect of modeling errors on subsequent analyses. Quantifying how inaccuracies in physiology, kinematics, or dynamics affect the study of human motion is a challenge that must be solved before we can construct robust generative models of human motor control at appropriate levels of detail. In this paper, we overcome two fundamental problems in characterizing the effect of model accuracy: the lack of ground truth about the arm's musculoskeletal kinematics, and the inability to systematically vary modeling accuracy. To do so, we developed a family of upper-body musculoskeletal models for a live human individual where modeled musculature was parameterized by decomposing volumetric muscles into fiber-groups of varying diameter and geometric complexity. The family of models thus obtained offer an unprecedented level of detail, and enable empirical comparisons of human motion analysis results across varying levels of anatomical accuracy and geometry. This sets the stage for large-scale studies of human motion that connect high level behavior to low level musculoskeletal dynamics, with applications in robotics, biomechanics, and human motor control.
Finding International Law: Rethinking the Doctrine of Sources

The doctrine of sources has served international law well over the past century, providing structure and coherence during a time when international law was expanding rapidly and dramatically. But the doctrine's explanatory power is increasingly being challenged. Current doctrine tells us that treaties are international law; empirical evidence, however, suggest that treaties are poor predictors of state practice. The expansion of the international community, the rise of human rights, developments in international legal theory, and the international system's need to adapt to changing circumstances, have all also put pressure on the reified role of "treaty" in identifying rules of international law. Drawing from a number of theories developed to explain why states comply with international law, this Article proposes a new doctrine of sources focused on opinio juris and how norms come to be accepted as international law. Rather than taking for granted that a treaty reflects international law, the rules laid out in a treaty would themselves be judged by the internalized norms supporting them, either (a) in the strength and legitimacy of the process that led to the adoption of those rules, or (b) in the customary acceptance of the rule itself. This Article argues that such a revised doctrine of sources will better capture which rules are actually treated as law in the international system, blunting skepticism about international law and placing international law on firmer footing.
Efficient independent planar dose calculation for FFF IMRT QA with a bivariate Gaussian source model

The aim of this study is to perform a direct comparison of the source model for photon beams with and without flattening filter (FF) and to develop an efficient independent algorithm for planar dose calculation for FF-free (FFF) intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) quality assurance (QA). The source model consisted of a point source modeling the primary photons and extrafocal bivariate Gaussian functions modeling the head scatter, monitor chamber backscatter, and collimator exchange effect. The model parameters were obtained by minimizing the difference between the calculated and measured in-air output factors (Sc ). The fluence of IMRT beams was calculated from the source model using a backprojection and integration method. The off-axis ratio in FFF beams were modeled with a fourth degree polynomial. An analytical kernel consisting of the sum of three Gaussian functions was used to describe the dose deposition process. A convolution-based method was used to account for the ionization chamber volume averaging effect when commissioning the algorithm. The algorithm was validated by comparing the calculated planar dose distributions of FFF head-and-neck IMRT plans with measurements performed with a 2D diode array. Good agreement between the measured and calculated Sc was achieved for both FF beams (<0.25%) and FFF beams (<0.10%). The relative contribution of the head-scattered photons reduced by 34.7% for 6 MV and 49.3% for 10 MV due to the removal of the FF. Superior agreement between the calculated and measured dose distribution was also achieved for FFF IMRT. In the gamma comparison with a 2%/2 mm criterion, the average passing rate was 96.2 ± 1.9% for 6 MV FFF and 95.5 ± 2.6% for 10 MV FFF. The efficient independent planar dose calculation algorithm is easy to implement and can be valuable in FFF IMRT QA.
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

An overview is given of the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect. Emphasized are recent experiments on the anomaly in transport at v = 1/2, suggestive of a new correlated ground state, the fractional charge of quasiparticles/quasiholes of the 1/3 FQH liquid, and the long anticipated transition from the incompressible FQH liquids to deformable solids.
The Autonomy Hierarchy

The Supreme Court decided two cases in Spring 2015 – Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc. and EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. – under Title VII. The plaintiffs in both cases believed that they had been discriminated against by their employers because they were members of a protected class – pregnant women in the former and religious believers in the latter. Both plaintiffs were seeking minor modifications to workplace policies as an accommodation. And in both opinions, handed down within a few months of each other, the Court used the language of favoritism to discuss whether the plaintiffs should prevail and what analysis should be employed. The manner in which the Court used the language of favoritism, however, could not have been more different. In the case of pregnancy, the Court soundly rejected that pregnant employees were entitled to any favored treatment, bending over backwards to avoid a ruling that pregnant employees were part of a “most favored” class. In the case of religion, the Court took the exact opposite approach, declaring that religious plaintiffs enjoyed “favored treatment.” This is despite the fact that Title VII provides no explicit textual support for such a distinction. In the absence of such a statutory explanation, what is really behind this difference in approach? This paper explores one potential answer to this question – that these decisions reflect the Court’s underlying belief in the paramount importance of the right to spiritual autonomy over and above the importance of a right to physical autonomy. Further, it explores how allowing such a hierarchy between a right to spiritual autonomy on the one hand and a right to physical autonomy on the other, to animate judicial decisions is both inherently gendered and has the effect of disproportionately harming women. It concludes by analyzing whether such a hierarchy of rights is reflective of lived experience and discussing possible alternative frameworks for analyzing such claims.
Understanding Application Contentiousness and Sensitivity on Modern Multicores

Abstract Runtime systems to mitigate memory resource contention problems on multicore processors have recently attracted much research attention. One critical component of these runtimes is the indicators to rank and classify applications based on their contention characteristics. However, although there has been significant research effort, application contention characteristics remain not well understood and indicators have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this chapter, we performed a thorough study of applications’ contention characteristics to develop better indicators to improve contention-aware runtime systems. The contention characteristics are composed of an application’s contentiousness , and its sensitivity to contention. We show that contentiousness and sensitivity are not strongly correlated, and contrary to prior wisdom, a single indicator is not adequate to predict both. Also, while prior wisdom has relied on last level cache miss rate as one of the best indicators to predict an application’s contention characteristics, we show that depending on the workloads, it can often be misleading. We then present prediction models that consider contention in various memory resources. Our regression analysis establishes an accurate model to predict application contentiousness. The analysis also demonstrates that performance counters alone may not be sufficient to accurately predict application sensitivity to contention. In this chapter, we also present an evaluation using SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks showing that, when predicting an application’s contentiousness, the linear correlation coefficient R 2 of our predictor and the real measured contentiousness is 0.834, as opposed to 0.224 when using last level cache miss rate.
Using goal interactions to guide planning

The Machinist program extends domain dependent planning technology. It is modeled after the behavior of human machinists, and makes plan for fabricating metal parts using machine tools. Many existing planning programs rely on a problem solving strategy that involves fixing problems in plans only after they occur. The result is that planning time may be wasted when a bad plan is unnecessarily generated and must be thrown out or modified. The machinist program improves on these methods by looking for cues in the problem specification that may indicate potential difficulties or conflicting goal interactions, before generating any plans. It plans around those difficulties, greatly increasing the probability of producing a good plan on the first try. Planning efficiency is greatly increased when Jalse starts can be eliminated. The machinist program contains about 180 OPS5 rules, and has been judged by experienced machinists to make plans that, are on the average, better than those of a 5 year journeyman. The knowledge that makes the technique effective is domain dependent, but the technique itself can be used in other domains.
Silicon Oxide Surface Chemistry and Nano-Tribology

As the contact size involved in mechanical device operations decreases, tiie adsorption of gaseous molecules on tiie contact surface — which normally ignored in macroscopic measurements — becomes more important and dominant factors governing the contract properties such as adhesion and friction. Water adsorption can causes high adhesion and severe wear of silicon oxide surfaces. In contrast, alcohol vapor adsorption from tiie ambient can provide unprecedentedly efficient lubrication effects for operation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with sliding contacts. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an ideal tool for studying tiie adhesion and fiictional behavior of nanoscale asperity contacts. The tribological response of a silicon nanoasperity contact was studied with AFM in tiie presence of water or alcohol vapor. The origin of adhesion, friction, and wear behavior changes of silicon oxide contacts in tiie presence of water or alcohol vapor is elucidated through vibrational spectroscopic investigation of tiie thickness and structure of tiie adsorbed layers as well as theoretical calculations of their tribological responses.
Extending the Boundaries of Hospitality Education

To date, hospitality management educators have struggled to modify generic software or adapt vendordesigned industry systems as a means of bringing hospitality information systems to the classroom. Speciallydesigned computer-based courseware can enhance learning while extending the boundaries of the traditional hospitality classroom. The author discusses the relevance of this software to the hospitality curriculum.
Diversification and corporate restructuring revisited. Back to square one

An historical overview of corporate restructuring in the health care industry is presented. Initial reasons for forming multicorporate structures centered on avoiding regulations governing certified home health agencies and maximizing third party payer reimbursement. As competition increased, home care agencies employed diversification strategies for survival and reorganized their single corporate structures to launch new businesses and engage in profit-making activities. Corporate restructuring is a time-consuming and complex endeavor that should only be undertaken as a part of an agency's strategic plan. Evaluating an agency's corporate structure is a continual process and the criteria for evaluating change over time. The current experience with diversification in the health care industry suggests that the proliferation of multicorporate structures is stemming as health care providers begin to refocus on their core business.
Large Ventral Hernias

Obesity has become endemic, with rates of obese and morbidly obese adults increasing yearly. General, bariatric and hernia surgeons are facing more complex scenarios, with an arising proportion of patients with ventral hernias presenting with morbid obesity. Surgical approach and timing of hernia repair in this complex population is a common surgical dilemma, which still creates controversies among specialists and lacks sufficient data to recommend specific and uncontestable guidelines. This chapter’s purpose is to deliver guidance on patient counseling, patient selection, and a rational and evidence-based use of the hernia surgery armamentarium in order to provide a safe and durable ventral hernia repair.
A Focused Career Development Program for Women Faculty at an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Within free-standing academic medical centers, women continue to be underrepresented at upper faculty ranks and in leadership positions. A career development program (CDP) at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) was implemented with the goal of improving the number of women in the upper ranks and in leadership positions. The CDP was initiated in 2013 as a 2-day program. Beginning in 2015, a half-day promotion-focused program was offered alternating with the 2-day program. Materials and Methods: The CDP has served ∼200 women from 2013 to 2017 and was evaluated for reaction and learning through postprogram surveys. Promotion success of ∼160 women who attended at least one of the programs through 2016 was assessed through an additional survey. Promotion information for ∼3000 faculty members during the same 2013-2016 period (post-CDP), as well as a 4-year time period before implementation of the CDP (pre-CDP), was collected using university-level personnel data. Results: The majority of CDP attendees (94%) indicated overall satisfaction with the program and would recommend the program to a colleague. Of the 137 CDP attendees still employed at MUSC in 2017, 50 had applied for promotion and 42 (84%) were successfully promoted. Among all the MUSC faculty, overall and rank-sepcific promotion rates for women and men were similar during the post-CDP time period and there was a significant increase in the promotion rate of women to Full Professor from pre-CDP to post-CDP time periods. Conclusions: CDP attendees were overwhelmingly satisfied with the program and were highly successful in being promoted. Since the overall university promotion rates of women and men were similar during the post-CDP time period and women are currently underrepresented at the upper faculty ranks, parity between men and women will likely not be achievable without additional programs to retain and/or recruit women in the upper ranks.
Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Bone Loss During Periodontal Maintenance.

Clinical Relevance Neglecting the restoration of open contacts or missing teeth, even in patients with mild periodontitis, could increase the risk of interproximal bone loss during periodontal main...
Survey on recent counterfeit IC detection techniques and future research directions

Abstract In recent years, globalization of the semiconductor supply chain has led to a more complex production cycle with parts coming from various producers in diverse locations. Outsourcing reduces cost but leads to security vulnerabilities, and one of its forms is counterfeiting. Counterfeit ICs, if successfully embedded in an electronic device, may lead to severe consequences with potentially degraded quality, reliability and performance. Widespread efforts have been made both in the industry and academia to develop effective countermeasures against counterfeit ICs. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent counterfeit detection and avoidance techniques. We see that in its current state, one needs to go through a suite of techniques in order to cover testing against all the possible counterfeit types.
Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking among African American youth and their families: A systematic review study

Abstract It is well documented that African American/Black youth underutilize mental health services. Thus, the aim of this narrative systematic review study was to examine the barriers to, and facilitators of, mental health help-seeking and service utilization for Black youth. The research team conducted a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies published from January 2000 to May 2017. Articles were included if they reported (i) barriers and/or facilitators of mental health help-seeking or outpatient mental health service use for Black youth and (ii) non-aggregated findings on African American or Black youth aged 18 and under. Fifteen articles (six quantitative, eight qualitative, and one mixed-method) met the inclusion criteria. Seven themes related to barriers were identified: child-related factors; clinician and therapeutic factors; stigma; religion and spirituality; treatment affordability, availability, and accessibility; the school system; and social network. Seven themes were also identified for facilitators: child mental health concerns; caregivers' experiences; supportive social network; positive therapeutic factors; religion and spirituality; referrals and mandates by parents and gatekeepers; and geographic region. Taken together, the identified barriers to and facilitators of mental health help-seeking among Black youth were multi-scalar (individual-, interpersonal-, and structural-level) and socially-embedded, reflecting help-seeking and service use for Black youth as a complex, contextual, and relational process. Findings support the need for reducing barriers of mental health care access and service use among a population whose need often outstrips actual use of services.
Acoustic characteristics of disguised speech: speaker strategies and listener error patterns

A group of 13 participants were recorded in two conditions: 1) speaking normally and 2) altering speech to conceal their identity (i.e., disguised speech). Participants were not instructed how to disguise their speech because we were interested in which changes they would choose. A group of inexperienced listeners were largely inaccurate in matching participants' disguised speech to their normal speech. The largest changes between normal and disguised speech were in speaking rate, the first formant, fundamental frequency, and intensity. When listeners made correct matches, the pairs were similar in speaking rate and fundamental frequency (F0), as shown by significant correlations. Incorrectly matched pairs were not significantly correlated, suggesting that listeners were not making good use of acoustic cues during those decisions. Overall, the third formant (F3) and speaking rate appeared to be useful acoustic indicators of identity when matching normal and disguised speech samples. Of those two variables, F3 was apparently underutilised by listeners. The implications for what spontaneous speakers do to disguise their speech and what naive listeners attend to when identifying disguised voice are discussed.
Premorbid levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and natriuretic peptide and prognosis after incident myocardial infarction.

Background High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at the time of myocardial infarction (MI) are strong predictors of prognosis. However, whether their premorbid (before MI occurrence) levels are associated with prognosis after incident MI is unknown. Methods In 1,054 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study with incident MI, we evaluated premorbid levels of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP measured on median 5.8 (interquartile interval 3.0-11.5 [mean 5.5]) years prior to incident MI and their associations with subsequent composite and individual outcomes of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, recurrent MI, heart failure, and stroke. Results During a median follow-up of 3.0 years after MI, 801 participants developed the composite outcome. Both hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were independently associated with the composite outcome after incident MI. Among individual outcomes, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heart failure showed significant associations with both cardiac markers. Overall, NT-proBNP demonstrated a more evident relationship than hs-cTnT. Indeed, the addition of premorbid NT-proBNP alone, but not hs-cTnT alone, to conventional predictors at incident MI significantly improved risk prediction of the composite outcome after incident MI (Δc-statistic 0.013 [95% CI 0.005-0.022] from 0.691 with conventional predictors). Conclusions Premorbid levels of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP assessed on average 6 years prior to incident MI were associated with adverse outcomes after incident MI. These results further highlight the importance of cardiac health at an earlier stage of life.
The Schools of Tehran and Qum and Wilāya

The subject matter in this chapter is the study and critical analysis of the concept of wilāya in Mullā Ṣadrā’s legacy, which has been flourished in the Schools of Tehran and Qum. To this aim, the doctrine of wilāya in the philosophy of scholars such as Mullā ʿAbdullāh Zunūzi and his son Āqā ʿAli Mudarris Tehrāni, Mirzā Abul Ḥassan Jilvih, and Āqā Muḥammad Riḍā Qumshiʾi of the School of Tehran, and Muḥammad Hossein Ṭabāṭabāʾi and Mirzā Aḥmad Āshtiyāni of the School of Qum are discussed. We observed that the four ḥakims of the School of Tehran perpetuated ‘the prophetic philosophy’ of Mullā Ṣadrā in their writings and followed his approach and terminology, while the writings of the ḥakims of the School of Qum, do not display the balance between the ʿirfāni and philosophical reading, as reflected in Ṣadrā’s legacy.
Discussions with Leaders: A Conversation Between Martin Pomper and Peter Choyke

Johannes Czernin, MD, editor in chief of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, initiated in 2019 a series of recorded discussions with leaders in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. This month he asked Peter L. Choyke, MD, Senior Investigator in the Molecular Imaging Program within the Center for
Concurrency of Regression Equations with k Regressors

Some exact tests of significance for testing the goodness of fit of a proposed vector of coordinates for the concurrency of m regression equations with k independent variables are derived in this paper. The tests are based on the Bartlett decomposition of a (k+1) × (k+1) noncentral Wishart matrix and provide a generalization of Williams's tests. A method for estimating the point of concurrence is also provided.
Initiation-entry-focus-exit and participation: a framework for understanding teacher groupwork monitoring routines

In this paper, we offer a framework for teacher monitoring routines—a consequential yet understudied aspect of instruction when teachers oversee students’ working together. Using a comparative case study design, we examine eight lessons of experienced secondary mathematics teachers, identifying common interactional routines that they take up with variation. We present a framework that illuminates the common moves teachers make while monitoring, including how they initiate conversations with students, their forms of conversational entry, the focus of their interactions, when and how they exit the interaction as well as the conversation’s overall participation pattern. We illustrate the framework through our focal cases, highlighting the instructional issues the different enactments engage. By breaking down the complex work of groupwork monitoring, this study informs both researchers and teachers in understanding the teachers’ role in supporting students’ collaborative mathematical sensemaking.
Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility.

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can spread rapidly within skilled nursing facilities. After identification of a case of Covid-19 in a skil...
Decipher: An Interactive Visualization Tool for Interpreting Unstructured Design Feedback from Multiple Providers

Feedback from diverse audiences can vary in focus, differ in structure, and contradict each other, making it hard to interpret and act on. While prior work has explored generating quality feedback, our work helps a designer interpret that feedback. Through a formative study with professional designers (N=10), we discovered that the interpretation process includes categorizing feedback, identifying valuable feedback, and prioritizing which feedback to incorporate in a revision. We also found that designers leverage feedback topic and sentiment, and the status of the provider to aid interpretation. Based on the findings, we created a new tool (Decipher) that enables designers to visualize and navigate a collection of feedback using its topic and sentiment structure. In a preliminary evaluation (N=20), we found that Decipher helped users feel less overwhelmed during feedback interpretation tasks and better attend to critical issues and conflicting opinions compared to using a typical document-editing tool.
Preclinical evaluation of XPO1 inhibition in Wilms tumors.

3580Background: XPO1 is a nuclear export protein that selectively transports tumor and growth regulatory proteins out of the nucleus, thereby effectively inhibiting their function. We previously ut...
Practice-Based Teaching Model for Undergraduate Public Health Students: Partnership for Exercise Is Medicine on Campus Initiative:

The practice-based teaching (PBT) pedagogical approach is vital to prepare students to learn collaboratively how to solve real-world complex public health problems. Despite evidence of the new PBT ...
Highly Effective Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers.

ABSTRACT The current Covid-19 Pandemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus has proven extremely difficult to prevent or control. Currently there are few treatment options and very few long-lasting disinfectants available to prevent the spread. While masks and protective clothing and “social distancing” may offer some protection, their use has not always halted or slowed the spread. Several vaccines are currently undergoing testing; however there is still a critical need to provide new methods for inactivating the virus before it can spread and infect humans. In the present study we examined the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic conjugated polymers and oligomers developed in our laboratories as antimicrobials for bacteria, fungi and non-enveloped viruses. Our results show that we can obtain highly effective light induced inactivation with several of these oligomers and polymers including irradiation with near-UV and visible light. With both the oligomers and polymers, we can reach several logs of inactivation with relatively short irradiation times. Our results suggest several applications involving the incorporation of these materials in wipes, sprays, masks and clothing and other Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) that can be useful in preventing infections and the spreading of this deadly virus and future outbreaks from similar viruses.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Foreword Introduction to 4th Edition Pathogenesis Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Overview of Cellular Immune Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Etiopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Itineraries of Three Troikas MHC Class II and Non-MHC Genes in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Genetic Susceptibility and Class III Complement Genes Complement Deficiency and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Gender and Age in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Animal Models Genes and Genetics of Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Domestic Animals Autoantibodies and Antigens Anti-DNA Antibodies : Structure, Assembly and Diversity Antibodies to Cytoplasmic Antigens Antihistone Antibodies Antibodies to Non-Histone Agents in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Immune Complexes Origins of Antinuclear Antibodies Clinical Approach to Diagnosis The Clinical Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Neonatal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Syndromes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Childhood Imaging of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: State of the Art Monitoring Patients and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Laboratory Evaluation of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy Epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Overlap Syndromes: Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Sjogren's Syndrome Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Fibromyalgia Organs Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Nervous system: Central Nervous System Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Psychiatric Aspects of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Dermatology: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Skin Renal: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Kidney Cardiopulmonary: Cardiovascular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Cardiovascular System: Vasculitis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Lung Gastrointestinal: Nonhepatic Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hepatic Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Coincidence or Converence Hematology: The Cellular Hematology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Musculoskeletal: Articular Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Specific Syndromes Phospholipid Syndrome: Immunology of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Co-factors The Clinical Aspects of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome The Catastrophic Phospholipid Syndrome Hematology: Coagulation Problems The Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Drug Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pathophysiology of Drug-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Drug and Environmental Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Manifestations and Differences Therapy of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Corticosteroid Use in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Antimalarials and Immunosuppresive Therapies Unproven and Experimental Therapies
Systematic Review of the Importance of Human Factors in Incorporating Healthcare Automation

Automations are meant to help reduce human workload and/or to reduce the need of humans to operate production processes and giving services. One of the most prominent users of automation is the people that are working in the healthcare sector. There are a lot of benefits from healthcare automation applications. One of them is by reducing error rates as illustrated by Felder (2003), virus infected patients 29 times (approx.) for every million transfusions, healthcare automation can mitigate this. Alongside the exponential growth of automation, some adjustments are required, thus, the role of human factors is very important to adjust changes and get the most value of the human-automation system. This paper demonstrates a systematic literature review of scientific papers on human factors in healthcare automation usage. To further understand this relationship several analyses were done by using the keywords “healthcare”, “automation”, and “human factors” and extracting those keywords from articles to see trends. The analyses were conducted using VOSViewer, Harzing’s Publish or Perish, AuthorMapper, and MAXQDA to obtain emerging keywords (co-occurrence), co-author analysis, and co-citation analysis. Not only that, but several articles were also extracted from different databases named; Google Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and WebofScience to understand the relationship between human factors and healthcare automation in detail. One takeaway from this review is that the trend of using automation to streamline healthcare institution processes is increasing and it has been proven that human factors theories are needed to incorporate the new technology properly.
Prediction models for low-temperature creep compliance of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

Abstract The low-temperature creep compliances (D(t)) of asphalt mixture is one of the necessary parameters to predict the depth and amount of low-temperature cracks. Level 3 analysis in Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software uses asphalt binder properties parameters and mixture volumetric properties to predict D(t) when the real laboratorial data is not available. However, some parameters in the model may not be routinely measured in Superpave system, which restricts the use of the prediction model. In addition, new additives and recycling materials such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) have been extensively used in recent years and shown to have significant effect on the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixture. However, the effects have not been considered in the existing D(t) prediction models. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop models with significantly high accuracy to predict the D(t) of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. A total of 1890 sets of data points were collected from three different research projects. A Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to select the input parameters which are most influential to D(t). Two prediction models (i.e., multiple linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) models) were proposed. A comprehensive analysis on the prediction accuracy and reasonability of the proposed models was conducted. The results showed that the proposed models had much better prediction performance with high accuracy than the existing models. The comparisons between the proposed models with the existing models confirmed that it is necessary to take the new additives and recycling materials into account in developing D(t) prediction models.