cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
O30 Meeting the Shopper Online: Adapting Food Retail Programming During COVID-19

Objective To determine the effectiveness of adapting healthy food retail components for online delivery. Use of Theory or Research Small food retail stores that accept SNAP/EBT are important food sources for low-income Americans, especially in areas where traditional grocery stores are difficult to access. SNAP-Ed recognizes healthy food retail interventions as an approach to encourage healthy eating and support direct nutrition education. Target Audience Small food retail stores that accept SNAP/EBT in low-income census tracts were targeted. Program Description Shop Smart Tennessee is an 8-week small food retail program that uses taste testing, educational handouts, and in-store marketing to encourage healthy customer selections. In response to COVID-19, in-store program components were modified for the pilot to be delivered on social media. Food demonstration videos were developed to replace taste testings, and educational handouts were translated to social media posts. Educators posted videos and educational content to the partnering store's Facebook page or tagged the store in posts. Evaluation Methods To assess the effectiveness of online delivery methods we used participant surveys linked to food demonstration video posts, social media metrics, and nutrition educator feedback. Results Five stores participated in this pilot. Thirty-seven videos were posted to Facebook with 4,320 views and 863 engagements. Forty-three people completed online participant surveys, with 89% (n = 38) responding they would likely make the recipe at home. Nutrition educator feedback suggested store managers were supportive of online delivery and that it was an acceptable alternative to in-store programming. Conclusion This pilot demonstrated that components of food retail programming can be adapted for social media. This method was well received by participants, store managers and nutrition educators. It allowed us to reach store customers from a different angle and can be used to inform future food retail work involving social media. Upcoming projects should focus on assessing impact of social media content delivery coupled with in-store engagement efforts.
Concomitant coronary microvascular dysfunction and spontaneous coronary artery dissection resulting in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract We report a patient with angina and no flow-limiting epicardial coronary artery disease who presented with recurrent spontaneous coronary artery dissection resulting in an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and evidence of coronary microvascular dysfunction on coronary angiography. We review each condition's pathophysiology and provide a review of the literature for reported associations between these disease processes.
Effect of thermosolutal convection on the solid-liquid interface in Pb-Au alloy

Liquid-solid interface distortion in the region of primary dendrite tips has been investigated in directionally solidified Pb-8 wt pct Au alloy. The distortions are caused by thermosolutal convection despite choice of growth conditions which should have been thermally and solutally stabilizing. The convection produces clustering of primary dendrites on a plane perpendicular to the growth direction. It produces a mushy zone, where the primary dendrites do not protrude with a uniform length, across the specimen cross section, resulting in large macrosegregation in the transverse direction. However, little macrosegregation is observed along the growth direction. The mushy zone, with uneven dendrite lengths, forms in the beginning of directional solidification. Its shape and dendrite distribution do not show much change during subsequent solidification. Tip morphologies of primary dendrites, within the dendrite clusters, appear to follow the morphological stability relationship.
Bridging the Gap: Information Literacy Workshops for High School Teachers.

Abstract Funded in part by a Chancellor's Faculty Outreach Grant, a project team of University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) instruction librarians developed information literacy workshops for local high school teachers and librarians. They introduced teachers to information literacy standards, provided technology training, and presented strategies and activities for incorporating critical thinking into the research process. The project team also worked with teachers to create lesson plans that incorporated these methods into their own curriculum. By “training the trainers,” the ultimate goal was to enhance the research skills of students to help them perform better in high school and thereby preparing them for a successful transition to college.
Impact of Software Settings on Multiple-Breath Washout Outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple-breath washout (MBW) is an attractive test to assess ventilation inhomogeneity, a marker of peripheral lung disease. Standardization of MBW is hampered as little data exists on possible measurement bias. We aimed to identify potential sources of measurement bias based on MBW software settings. METHODS We used unprocessed data from nitrogen (N2) MBW (Exhalyzer D, Eco Medics AG) applied in 30 children aged 5-18 years: 10 with CF, 10 formerly preterm, and 10 healthy controls. This setup calculates the tracer gas N2 mainly from measured O2 and CO2concentrations. The following software settings for MBW signal processing were changed by at least 5 units or >10% in both directions or completely switched off: (i) environmental conditions, (ii) apparatus dead space, (iii) O2 and CO2 signal correction, and (iv) signal alignment (delay time). Primary outcome was the change in lung clearance index (LCI) compared to LCI calculated with the settings as recommended. A change in LCI exceeding 10% was considered relevant. RESULTS Changes in both environmental and dead space settings resulted in uniform but modest LCI changes and exceeded >10% in only two measurements. Changes in signal alignment and O2 signal correction had the most relevant impact on LCI. Decrease of O2 delay time by 40 ms (7%) lead to a mean LCI increase of 12%, with >10% LCI change in 60% of the children. Increase of O2 delay time by 40 ms resulted in mean LCI decrease of 9% with LCI changing >10% in 43% of the children. CONCLUSIONS Accurate LCI results depend crucially on signal processing settings in MBW software. Especially correct signal delay times are possible sources of incorrect LCI measurements. Algorithms of signal processing and signal alignment should thus be optimized to avoid susceptibility of MBW measurements to this significant measurement bias.
Asynchronization of Cell Division is Concurrently Related with Ciliogenesis in Sea Urchin Blastulae

During the early development of the sea urchins, Temnopleurus toreumaticus, Temnopleurus hardwickii and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, the division synchrony in all blastomeres lasted only until the 4th cleavage and a regional synchrony or a graded activity of cell division appeared. In the midblastula stage prior to hatching, the regional synchrony vanished simultaneously with the formation of cilia, then the division proceeded asynchronously. The analysis of cell pedigrees confirmed that a variable extension of intercleavage times occurred after the ciliogenesis. In blastomeres derived from mesomeres of T. toreumaticus embryos, the mean intercleavage time extended from 48 min of the 8th cycle (pre-ciliated) to 115 min of the 9th cycle (ciliated), and the coefficient of variation increased from 15% to 39%. We attempted a kinetic analysis of cell proliferation on the basis of the transition probability model of cell cycle control. We concluded that the minimum time required for the completion of the cell cycle was the decisive factor in the cell cycle succession of pre-ciliated blastomeres, and that a sudden and sharp decrease in the transition probability of the ciliated blastomeres probably interpreted the abrupt slowing and asynchronization of the cleavage cycle at the time of ciliogenesis.
The synthesis and study of pseudo aromatic compounds—XI : An analysis of the NMR spectra of 2-h-azulenone and 1,2-benzazulene

Abstract An analysis of the NMR spectra of 2-hydroxyazulene, 2- H -azulenone, 1,2-benzazulene, and the benzene rings of 2,3-benzocycloheptatriene, 3,4-benzotropone, the conjugate acid of 2,3-benzotropone and benzotropenium ion are presented. The NMR vicinal coupling constants indicate that the 7-membered rings of 2- H -azulenone and 1,2-benzazulene exhibit bond length alternation characteristic of polyenes. The vicinal NMR coupling constants of benzene rings fused to additional unsaturated rings reflect the aromatic character of the latter ring.
A modeling approach for operational flash flood forecasting for small-scale watersheds in central Iowa

National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters currently have access to a limited set of models that may not be suitable for all Iowa basins or forecasting situations, such as small, fast responding streams. Flexible modeling systems that allow model configurations to change according to the watershed characteristics may provide useful predictive information to supplement existing forecast products. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was examined for operational streamflow forecasting using two watersheds in central Iowa. The Green & Ampt equation was used for the infiltration component with soil parameters derived from the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model run at Iowa State University. Observed precipitation data was obtained from the city of Ames’ flash flood Alert network and radar precipitation estimates were obtained through the University of Iowa’s Hydro-NEXRAD project. Calibration and verification of the modeling system was done through an operational perspective to test the model’s applicability at NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFO). Model development was done using observed precipitation and was conducted in several stages. The average peak timing error and average discharge peak error were reduced from 5.3 hours to 3.0 hours and 46% to 25%, respectively, from the first to the last calibration attempt. The calibrated model was tested with bias corrected NEXRAD precipitation estimations, which were derived using the Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI) algorithm. The bias correction scheme was computed and applied at the watershed scale. When used as input to the HEC-HMS model, the NEXRAD precipitation estimates increased the peak timing error to 8.8 hours, but the discharge peak error decreased to 20%.
Transfer pricing of intangible property

Abstract Transnational corporations (TNCs) regard transfer pricing as the most important tax issue confronting them in the immediate future. Coupled with the increase in the number and type of cross-border transfers of intangible property, concerns arise about the adequacy of current transfer pricing regulations, and the harmony, or lack thereof, of such regulations when a TNC must address both host- and home-country tax authorities. This study of TNCs domiciled in Canada, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (US) reveals a similarity in corporation approaches to valuing intangible property that transcends national borders. This is in stark contrast to current practices regarding the transfer of tangible goods, which vary by country, rather than by industry or nature of the transferred good. However, in many cases, this agreement is reached because TNCs are using transfer pricing methods for intangible transfers that do not follow the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and/or US Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guidelines.
A ética e a formação do EU sob a perspectiva de G. H. Mead: algumas considerações introdutórias

A interrogacao acerca dos supostos da individuacao humana, do reto juizo moral e do agir pratico e recorrente no âmbito da filosofia e da teoria da educacao. Partindo disso, queremos apresentar, neste artigo, algumas das contribuicoes teoricas de George Herbert Mead, autor pouco conhecido no meio academico brasileiro. Para tal, tomamos como horizonte de analise a seguinte questao: como e compreendida a formacao do ‘si mesmo’ ( self ) na teoria de G. H. Mead e qual sua correlacao com a etica? Veremos que, para esse autor, o processo de formacao do eu enquanto ‘si mesmo’ remete a individuacao social. A emergencia de uma identidade individual somente e possivel mediante a interacao e a participacao efetiva na vida da comunidade. Nesse mesmo sentido, a configuracao da capacidade do julgar pratico pressupoe considerar a insercao do individuo num processo de formacao que lhe garanta a competencia de, ao emitir um juizo moral, levar em conta os interesses de todos os envolvidos na questao. Palavras-chave: Identidade; Self; Etica; Educacao. Abstract The question about the hypothesis of human individuation, the right moral judgment and the practical act are recurrent in the field of philosophy and education theory. From this perspective, we present in this paper some theoretical contributions of George Herbert Mead, a little known author in the Brazilian academic circles. For this reason, we have taken as an analysis horizon the following question: How is the formation of the self understood in the theory of G.H. Mead? And what is its correlation to ethics? We are going to see that the process of formation of the ‘I”, while self , leads to the social individuation, according to this author. The emergency of an individual identity is only possible through the interaction and effective participation in the life of the community. In this same sense, the configuration of the capacity of practical judgment means to consider the insertion of the person in a formation process which guarantees him/her the competence, by emitting a value judgment, to take into consideration the interest of people involved in the question. Keywords: Identity; Self; Ethics; Education.
Saturation behavior of a discharge pumped soft X-ray amplifier

In summary, gain length products up to 14 have been measured in the J=0-1 line of Ne-like Ar in a capillary discharge. The maximum gl product was obtained in 15 cm long plasma columns, length above which the intensity is observed to saturate. This is the first time a discharge pumped XUV laser amplifier is operated with a gain length product approaching saturation.
Identification of Candidate Genes at Quantitative Trait Loci on Chicken Chromosome Z Using Orthologous Comparison of Chicken, Mouse, and Human Genomes

This study was undertaken to identify novel candidate genes at quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chicken chromosome Z (GGAZ) by comparing orthologous regions of chicken, human and mouse genomes. Primer sequences from marker flanking QTL positions (https://acedb.asg.wur.nl/) were obtained from www.iastate.edu/chickmap and blasted against the chicken genome (www.ensembl.org) using BLASTN. The best matches were those with the highest score, lowest E-values and highest percent identity. Orthologous regions in mice and humans, together with genes located on or around those loci were identified using the Ensembl website. Forty-six chicken genes, 91 mouse genes and 60 human genes associated with QTL on GGAZ were identified in the current study. Among the most promising candidate genes for egg production and egg shell quality are annexin A1 (ANXA1), osteoclast stimulating factor (OSF), thrombospondin-4 (THBS4), programmed cell death proteins (PDCD), follistatin (FST), growth hormone receptor (GHR), interferon (IFN) alpha and beta. The chicken IFN alpha and beta were located on GGAZ around position 13,000,000 bp on the draft chicken sequence map. The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is located at a QTL region for abdominal fat (GGAZ 25483091 bp). Nicotine is an agonist at the nAChRs and has been shown to decrease lipolysis and triglyceride uptake, thereby reducing net storage in adipose tissue. Therefore, the nAchRs could be used as therapeutic targets for regulating feed intake and obesity. This study has identified 197 putative candidate genes in probable QTL regions of chicken chromosome Z.
Photodarkening in glassy (Ge0·95Sn0·05Se2)1−x Cu x films

Abstract The effect of copper on the photodarkening property of glassy (Ge0•95Sn0·05Se2)1−x Cu x films has been studied. Photodarkening is not observed for x ≥0·10. The results of the studies show that there is a correlation between the presence or absence of photodarkening and changes in the other measured parameters, such as the optical gap, the refractive index and the density. It is concluded that the absence of photodarkening is not a consequence of a masking effect due to a reduction in the optical gap. Rather it is related to a change in the structure of the glass network.
Compensation of transmission line loss for Gbit/s test on ATEs

With increasing bit rates, accurate measurement of the parameters of digital data streams is more and more impaired by lossy interconnections. A good understanding of the principles of transmission line loss becomes therefore essential for the design of reliable test equipment for Gbit/s devices. This paper summarizes the physics of transmission line loss and presents the design of a device for loss compensation. Using a well-designed compensation filter eliminates rise and fall time degradations, additional jitter and other inaccuracies introduced by the lossy interconnection.
Role of myosin light-chain phosphorylation in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle contraction

In acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated gallbladder smooth muscle, we have previously shown that phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da myosin light chains is necessary for the initiation of contraction, that myosin is stably phosphorylated at steady state, and that dephosphorylation of cross bridges is not necessary for the slowing of cross-bridge cycling rates during the period of steady-state isometric stress. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether 1) K+ (60 or 80 mM) or cholecystokinin (CCK, 10(-8) M) stimulation is accompanied by changes in myosin light-chain phosphorylation in gallbladder smooth muscle and 2) dephosphorylated noncycling cross bridges exist in K(+)- or CCK-stimulated gallbladder smooth muscle. Isometric stress, isotonic shortening velocity, and myosin light-chain phosphorylation were determined during contraction with K+ or CCK. Steady-state isometric stress was reached within 2.5 min of stimulation with K+ or CCK and was maintained for the duration of the stimulation. Stimulation with K+ or CCK was associated with rapid increases in myosin light-chain phosphorylation and maintenance of myosin light-chain phosphorylation during the stimulation. In contrast, isotonic shortening velocity was maximal at 1 min of stimulation with either K+ or CCK and then declined significantly to values that were only 26-32% of the peak velocity. These data, along with data from previous experiments with ACh, suggest that myosin light-chain phosphorylation is essential in the initiation of contraction in gallbladder smooth muscle, regardless of the source of Ca2+ or of the contractile agonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trifluoromethanesulfonylmethyl Methyl Sulfone

[93916-15-5] C3H5F3O4S2 (MW 226.22) InChI = 1S/C3H5F3O4S2/c1-11(7,8)2-12(9,10)3(4,5)6/h2H2,1H3 InChIKey = YJEZMOWYAFJTBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (equivalent of alkene polyanion1) Alternate Name: mesyl triflone. Physical Data: mp 115–116 °C. Solubility: insol cold H2O; sol HCO3−, common organic solvents. Preparative Methods: by triflation of Dimethyl Sulfone in base (EtMgBr/THF) with trifyl fluoride (CF3SO2F)1 or by analogous sulfonylation of methyl triflone (CH3SO2CF3)2 with Methanesulfonic Anhydride. Purification: recrystallized from H2O, dried over P2O5 in vacuo. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable solid, no known toxicity.
The MDG Conundrum: Meeting the Targets Without Missing the Point

The MDGs are being misappropriated to gain support for a specific development strategy, agenda or argument, mostly being used as a call for more aid or as a Trojan horse for a particular policy framework. As relative benchmarks, they are extremely difficult to meet in countries with low human development. Their misinterpretation as one-size-fits-all targets is leading to excessive Afro-pessimism, begging the question whether Africa is missing the targets or whether the world is missing the point. The global MDG canon is dominated by a money-metric and donor-centric view of development, and is not ready to accept that growing disparities within countries are the main reason why the 2015 targets will be missed.
Interleukin-2 production used to detect antigenic peptide recognition by T-helper lymphocytes from asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals.

T LYMPHOCYTES from mice1 and healthy humans2 immunized against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope have recently been shown to recognize two antigenic regions of the gp160 HIV-envelope protein which have been located on the basis of amphipathicity3–6. In HIV-infected humans, T-cell proliferative responses are lost soon after infection7,8. Here we demonstrate that interleukin-2 production is often retained even when proliferative activity is absent, and that it can be used to monitor T-helper cell responses by HIV-seropositive donors. We use this approach to investigate the T-helper cell response of 42 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients to four synthetic gp160 peptides and to influenza A virus, an antigen requiring intact CD4 T-helper cell function. As many as 67% of the HIV-seropositive donors who retain responsiveness to influenza A virus respond to a single peptide, and 85–90% responded to at least one of the peptides.
Sensitive and selective time-gated luminescence detection of hydroxyl radical in water

A terbium probe for the selective time-gated detection of hydroxyl radical is presented. This probe demonstrates high sensitivity with an 11.0-fold increase in time-gated luminescence intensity for an hour-long exposure to hydroxyl radical concentration in the femtomolar range, and high selectivity for HO˙ over other reactive oxygen species.
Venus: preliminary topographic and surface imaging results from the pioneer orbiter.

Three large Venus surface features, identified previously in images obtained from earth-based radar observations, are shown by the Pioneer Venus radar mapper to be elevated 5 to 10 km above the surrounding terrain. Two of these features, one bright and the other dark, lie adjacent to each other astride the 65 N parallel between longitudes 310 E and 10 E. The combined region forms a huge tectonically uplifted plateau, surmounted by radar-bright ridges that may have either a volcanic or tectonic origin. The third feature, located at 30 N, 283 E, is radar-bright and may consist of volcanic material extruded along a fault zone. A first radar-scattering image, compiled from data obtained by the mapper in its imaging mode, shows a region north of the equator; several circular depressions seen in this area may result from meteoritic impact.
Man's role in launch vehicle guidance and control.

Manual guidance and control of Saturn launch vehicles, considering feasibility, reliability and hardware implementation
Staphylococcal α‐toxin causes increased tracheal epithelial permeability

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of pulmonary infections. The role of S. aureus α-toxin as a virulence factor is unclear. We hypothesized that airway epithelium is a target of S. aureus α-toxin and that exposure of airway epithelium to α-toxin results in damage to the airway epithelium. To examine the hypothesis that α-toxin is capable of independently producing airway epithelium damage as measured by permeability and morphometry, an isolated whole mouse trachea test apparatus was developed. In vitro epithelial permeability (P) was calculated and digital micrographs were analyzed morphometrically. Purified S. aureus α-toxin produced a significant increase in tracheal epithelial P (P < 0.05). Morphometric analysis revealed the ratio of adherent tracheal epithelium attached to the basement membrane divided by the total length of the basement membrane decreased in a dose-dependent manner with 1 µg/ml α-toxin and 10 µg/ml α-toxin (P < 0.05). We developed a novel isolated whole mouse trachea test apparatus for the measurement of tracheal epithelium damage. Increased P and separation of the tracheal epithelium from the basement membrane occurred after S. aureus α-toxin exposure. We conclude that mammalian airway epithelium is a target of S. aureus α-toxin. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:1146–1152. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stilbestrol-induced Mullerian cervix—A colposcopic study

Abstract Seventy-five cases of Mullerian, or hooded, cervix are presented. Seventy-two of the 75 patients studied have a positive history for nonsteroidal estrogen intake during their intrauterine gestation. Vaginal adenosis was associated with the cervical lesions in over 90% of the cases. Embryologic evidence supporting the thesis of the urogenital sinus origin of the vagina and the ectocervix is discussed together with a hypothesis to explain the aberration of development produced by the administration of stilbestrol during the patients' embryonic life. Because of the association of "mesonephroid" adenocarcinoma with stilbestrol-related cervical-vaginal lesions, it is necessary to follow these patients closely and perform periodic biopsies. The related hazard of epidermoid epithelial atypias and carcinoma arising at multiple squamocolumnar junctions (transformation zones) in the vagina and cervix is discussed. Colposcopy offers the most precise method presently available to the gynecologist for evaluating these patients. Colposcopic examination and biopsy should be carried out on all afflicted patients at least once every 6 months.
Analysis of Venting of a Resin Slurry

A resin slurry venting analysis was conducted to address safety issues associated with overpressurization of ion exchange columns used in the Purex process at the Savannah River Site (SRS). If flow to these columns were inadvertently interrupted, an exothermic runaway reaction could occur between the ion exchange resin and the nitric acid used in the feed stream. The nitric acid-resin reaction generates significant quantities of noncondensable gases, which would pressurize the column. To prevent the column from rupturing during such events, rupture disks are installed on the column vent lines. The venting analysis models accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) tests and data from tests that were performed in a vented test vessel with a rupture disk. The tests showed that the pressure inside the test vessel continued to increase after the rupture disk opened, though at a slower rate than prior to the rupture. Calculated maximum discharge rates for the resin venting tests exceeded the measured rates of gas generation, so the vent size was sufficient to relieve the pressure in the test vessel if the vent flow rate was constant. The increase in the vessel pressure is modeled as a transient phenomenon associated with expansion of the resin slurry/gas mixture upon rupture of the disk. It is postulated that the maximum pressure at the end of this expansion is limited by energy minimization to approximately 1.5 times the rupture disk burst pressure. The magnitude of this pressure increase is consistent with the measured pressure transients. The results of this analysis demonstrate the need to allow for a margin between the design pressure and the rupture disk burst pressure in similar applications.
Validation of Daily Otolith Increments for Young-of-the-Year White Crappies

Abstract Otolith increments formed daily in age-0 white crappies Pomoxis annularis; the first increment was present at hatch. We validated daily increments in larvae by comparing the number of rings with known age; for juveniles, we compared the number of rings past a tetracycline mark with the number of days elapsed since marking. Accuracy in ring counts decreased with fish older than 100 d. Starvation did not affect ring periodicity. The regression equation for otolith radius (R, mm) against fish total length (TL, mm) was TL = 54.9R + 3.32; the TL-intercept was not significantly different from zero. These results allow determination of hatching dates, age-specific mortality rates, and growth-rate patterns for age-0 white crappies.
Radiationless decay mechanism of cytosine: an ab initio study with comparisons to the fluorescent analogue 5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone.

The ultrafast radiationless decay mechanism of photoexcited cytosine has been theoretically supported by exploring the important potential energy surfaces using multireference configuration -interaction ab initio methods for the gas-phase keto-tautomer free base. At vertical excitation, the bright state is S 1 (﷿﷿*) at 5.14 eV, with S2 (nN﷿*) and S3 (nO﷿*) being dark states at 5.29 and 5.93 eV, respectively. Minimum energy paths connect the Franck-Condon region to a shallow minimum on the ﷿﷿* surface at 4.31 eV. Two different energetically accessible conical intersections with the ground state surface are shown to be connected to this minimum. One pathway involves N 3 distorting out of plane in a sofa conformation, and the other pathway involves a dihedral twist about the C 5 -C 6 bond. Each of these pathways from the minimum contains a low barrier of 0.14 eV, easily accessed by low vibronic levels. The path involving the N 3 sofa distortion leads to a conical intersection with the ground state at 4.27 eV. The other pathway leads to an intersection with the ground state at 3.98 eV, lower than the minimum by about 0.3 eV. Comparisons with our previously reported study of the fluorescent cytosine analogue 5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone (5M2P) reveal remarkably similar conformational distortions throughout the decay pathways of both bases. The different photophysical behavior between the two molecules is attributed to energetic differences. Vertical excitation in cytosine occurs at a much higher energy initially, creating more vibrational energy than 5M2P in the Franck-Condon region, and the minimum S1 energy for 5M2P is too low to access an intersection with the ground state, causing population trapping and fluorescence. Calculations of vertical excitation energies of 5-amino-2-pyrimidinone and 2-pyrimidinone reveal that the higher excitation energy of cytosine is likely due to the presence of the amino group at the 4-position.
NEURAL LESIONS INDUCED IN DUCKLINGS BY ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZIDE AND SEMICARBAZIDE HYDROCHLORIDE.

Abstract White Pekin ducks fed 0.1% isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) or 0.1% semicarbazide hydrochloride (SCH) showed, after about 2 weeks of feeding, signs of motor disturbances. These included tremors, ataxia and paresis. Microscopic lesions included degenerative changes in the nuclei of cerebellar Purkinje cells, motor neurons of the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and neurons of the medulla oblongata. An additional lesion in INAH-fed ducks was a non-inflammatory demyelination. It was most severe in the cerebellar medulla but was also observed in the dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and in the optic lobes. Supplementation of the SCH diet with dl -glyceraldehyde (0.5%) or salicylaldehyde (0.5%) failed to prevent the neural lesions. dl -Thyroxine was found to be extremely toxic and had no protective activity against SCH- or INAH-induced changes in the brain and spinal cord. Thiouracil as 0.2% of the diet did not prevent the lesions induced by SCH or INAH feedings and appeared to enhance their toxicity as there was greater weight reduction and increased mortality in thiouracil-supplemented groups.
Protecting, patterning, and scaffolding supported lipid membranes using carbohydrate glasses

Disaccharides are known to protect sensitive biomolecules against stresses caused by dehydration, both in vivo and in vitro. Here we demonstrate how interfacial accumulation of trehalose can be used to (1) produce rugged supported lipid bilayers capable of near total dehydration; (2) enable spatial patterning of membrane micro-arrays; and (3) form stable bilayers on otherwise lipophobic substrates (e.g., metal transducers) thus affording protecting, patterning, and scaffolding of lipid bilayers.
Cerebrocortical microdysgenesis is enhanced in c57BL/6J mice exposed in utero to acetazolamide.

A small percentage of C57BL/6 mice spontaneously develop focal collections of neurons in the molecular layer of the cerebral neocortex. Usually only one "ectopia" is present in each affected brain. Studies in other mouse strains have shown that these ectopias occur before birth, probably because of a breach in the superficial glial membrane during neuronal migration. The ectopias are heritable and are caused by multiple genes. C57BL/6J mice exposed prenatally to acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase-specific inhibitor and teratogen, develop an increased frequency of limb malformations, especially in the right forelimb. In the present study, we hypothesized that the prevalence and severity of ectopias would be increased in acetazolamide-exposed mice because carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in brain development. Further, we wanted to determine whether there was a correlation between the side of limb deformity and the hemisphere containing an ectopia. Thus, we injected C57BL/6J time-mated mice intraperitoneally on embryonic day 9 with either sodium acetazolamide (750 mg/kg) or water. Histological analysis of the brains from 105 acetazolamide-exposed offspring and 89 control offspring revealed no difference in the overall prevalence of cerebrocortical ectopias between the acetazolamide and control groups: 34% of the acetazolamide-exposed and 28% of the control mice had ectopias. There was, however, a striking difference in the shape and size of ectopias: 67% of the ectopias were large in the acetazolamide-exposed group in comparison to 32% in controls. The acetazolamide-exposed offspring also were more likely to have multiple ectopias. Thus, there may be a genetic predisposition for developing ectopias in some mouse strains, but epigenetic factors such as prenatal exposure to acetazolamide can influence their severity.
Molecular Interactions in Biofilms

A biofilm may be defined as a microbially derived, sessile community characterized by cells that attach to an interface, embed in a matrix of exopolysaccharide, and demonstrate an altered phenotype. This review covers the current understanding of the nature of biofilms and the impact that molecular interactions may have on biofilm development and phenotype using the motile gram-negative rod Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the nonmotile gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus as examples.
SURFACE LOCALIZATION OF THE SEA URCHIN EGG RECEPTOR FOR SPERM

Abstract The sea urchin egg receptor for sperm is thought to be involved in species-specific sperm–egg interactions at the egg surface. Recent revisions in the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned cDNAs indicate that the protein encoded does not possess the common structural hallmarks of a membrane protein. Thus, investigation of the localization and association of the protein with the egg surface is crucial. We describe and characterize a new monoclonal antibody raised against recombinant sperm receptor protein. This antibody, in conjunction with several polyclonal antibodies, was used to study the receptor protein in eggs. Immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the antibodies recognize the high M r (ca. 350 K) sperm receptor protein which copurified with egg plasma membrane–vitelline layer complexes. The sperm receptor protein was solubilized only by detergents and not by treatments designed to solubilize peripherally associated or lipid-anchored membrane proteins, suggesting a tight association with the membrane fraction. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of live eggs indicated surface staining. Finally, lysylendoproteinase C treatment of live eggs resulted in a loss of the high M r receptor protein epitopes, and the concomitant release of a 70-kDa proteolytic fragment, which correlated with a reduced ability of the eggs to be fertilized. Taken together, these data indicate that at least some fraction of the sperm receptor protein is present on the egg surface, a requisite locale for a sperm binding protein.
Heterotopic mesenteric ossification as a cause of persistent enterocutaneous fistula: overview of the literature and addition of a new case*

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic mesenteric ossification (HMO) is rare condition with unclear multifactorial etiology. When presented with enterocutaneous fistulae, HMO may be devastating for the patient. METHODS: We herein present the case of a 59-year-old woman with persistent enterocutaneous fistula secondary to heterotopic mesenteric ossification, which developed after a complicated gynecologic laparoscopic oophorectomy, abdominal sepsis, multiple small-bowel resections, and skin grafting for an open abdomen. RESULTS: Nonoperative management with nil per os status and total parenteral nutrition of her fistulae was unsuccessful. The patient subsequently underwent en masse resection of her mesenteric ossification with associated small and large intestine. CONCLUSIONS: This case represents a rare occurrence of chronic enterocutaneous and/or enteroatmospheric fistulae secondary to heterotopic mesenteric ossification. Diagnosis, treatment, and histologic appearance of heterotopic mesenteric ossification are discussed in a review of the literature.
A methodology for assessment of harmonic impact and compliance with standards for distribution systems

The new IEEE Standard 519 specifies maximum harmonic signal levels at points of common coupling to the electric utility. The authors find these standards to be applicable within industrial and institutional sites. A state estimation methodology is illustrated for the calculation of harmonic current and voltage distortion at all buses in a distribution system. It is recommended that these distortion levels are checked for compliance with Standard 519. The authors also give a calculation of the total harmonic distortion of an ideal converter current. New approximations are also introduced for the bus impedance matrix at frequency h omega /sub 0/. The approximations are developed from power series expansions in either frequency, omega , or inverse complex frequency, (j omega )/sup -1/. The convergence of the series is studied in terms of Banach's lemma. >
Doctoral Studies in Christian Higher Education: A Collaborative Model Involving a State University and an Evangelical Theological Seminary

That Christian institutions of higher learning prepare their students to integrate faith and learning is questionable. American Christian theological seminaries and divinity schools have an anemic interest in church-based Christian education, but even less interest in campus-based Christian higher education. A collaborative doctoral program of studies in Christian Higher Education involving a major evangelical seminary and a nonsectarian, state university is discussed as a new and different model for adoption and implementation among evangelical seminaries and state-supported universities.
Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community: Robert D. Putnam; New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000, 541 pages

Professor Putnam’s much celebrated tome on the decline of social capital is an important, path-breaking work. His scholarship is social science at its best. Putnam asks the “big questions” about th...
A theoretical study of the conformations of diphenyl ether, its anion, and its dianion

Abstract The potential energy surfaces, of diphenyl ether (Ph 2 O), its anion and its dianion, were investigated using the AM1 semiempirical description of the electronic wavefunction. Counterions with charges of +1 were used to approximate the solution electrostatic environments for the anion and dianion. The global minimum of the Ph 2 O potential energy surface is predicted to be a “twisted” conformation of the “propeller” form while the anion (Ph 2 O − ) and dianion (Ph 2 O 2− ) are predicted to be of the “skewed” and “gable” forms, respectively. The relative energies of other critical points on the molecules' potential energy surfaces were calculated. The calculations reported herein indicate that the rings in Ph 2 O are nearly free rotors, but that Ph 2 O − may be a quasi-rigid structure and Ph 2 O 2− is definitely rigid. Charge densities and some vibrational frequencies were calculated to characterize more accurately various conformations.
Dynamic imaging with multiple resolutions along phase-encode and slice-select dimensions.

An implementation is reported of an imaging method to obtain MUltiple Resolutions along Phase-encode and Slice-select dimensions (MURPS), which enables dynamic imaging of focal changes using a graded, multiresolution approach. MURPS allows one to trade spatial resolution in part of the volume for improved temporal resolution in dynamic imaging applications. A unique method of Hadamard slice encoding is used, enabling the varying of the phase encode and slice resolution while maintaining a constant effective TR throughout the entire 3-D volume. MURPS was implemented using a gradient-recalled echo sequence, and its utility was demonstrated for MR temperature monitoring. In this preliminary work, it has been shown that changes throughout a large volume can be effectively monitored in times that would normally only permit dynamic imaging in one or a very few slices.
Why Certain Vaccines Have Been Delayed Or Not Developed At All

Vaccine development is a long process, with the time from early research to licensure steadily increasing. At one time the process took about ten years; now it takes closer to fifteen to twenty years. The process begins with investigators in universities or biotech firms who have an idea. However, to take things further, there must be a vaccine manufacturer, a regulatory authority ready to give permission for the use of the vaccine, and public health authorities that will recommend and foster vaccination.
Design applications of the MIDAS graphics system

Abstract midas is a versatile system of fortran -callable subroutines developed for the modular design and device-independent display of two- and three-dimensional graphics compositions. The system is primarily oriented toward applications involving the definition and spatial transformation of three-dimensional line drawings. The graphics generated by midas consist of three-dimensional line segments mapped onto any graphics device with vector-drawing capabilities. This paper presents an application of midas in architectural and civil engineering design. A fortran monitor program has been written to provide a concise command structure for planar design and display. This command structure allows the user to interactively build, transform, store, retrieve, and display three-dimensional planar compositions. Output displays may optionally have hidden lines removed. An example structure (the University of Colorado Computing Center) is modularly designed, edited, and displayed. Finally, a discussion of the advantages and shortcomings of midas as a design tool is given along with suggestions for further improvement of the system.
Thermodynamics of a One-Dimensional System of Fermions with a Repulsive δ -Function Interaction

The thermodynamics of fermions in one dimension with a repulsive $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function interaction is analyzed in some detail. The excitation spectrum at finite temperature is also derived. It is shown that the spectrum can be classified into two types of excitation.
Side-looking underground radar (SLUR); physical modeling and case history

A modification of conventional surface ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) was conceived, tested, and successfully applied in the field at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to investigate waste pits. The modified GPR method consists of making measurements along a traverse line in a sloping trench with the radar’s antenna oriented at an angle of up to 45° from the horizontal. The direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field for this configuration is not vertical, and the amount of energy scattered from objects that are oriented vertically relative to the energy scattered from horizontal layers is increased. This fundamental feature of side‐looking underground radar (SLUR) measurements is illustrated by physical modeling. Measurements made along parallel trenches that are offset at different distances from a vertically oriented object provides GPR cross‐sections with a primary plane of investigation that intersects the vertical feature at different depths. SLUR was used at BNL in conjunction with con...
The Importance of Dispersal Mechanisms in the Epidemiology of Phytophthora Blights and Downy Mildews on Crop Plants

Epidemics of plant diseases share a basic structure with those of human and animal diseases; however, unlike most epidemics of people and animals, fungi or fungi-like organisms are of major importance as pathogens. Because of the relatively low value of an individual in most plant populations, botanical epidemiologists perform observational as well as designed studies repeatedly on epidemics in large populations. Plant disease epidemics develop from overlapping cycles of propagule dissemination, host encounter and infection, pathogenesis (including symptom development), and pathogen reproduction. Initial infective units, or propagules, originate from survival structures formed between cropping seasons or during periods when weathers conditions are not suitable for disease initiation. Propagules may also arrive by long-distance transport from other geographic areas where conditions are suitable for the occurrence of continuous epidemic cycles. The importance of dispersal mechanisms in epidemic development are illustrated with three solanaceous pathosystems: Phytophthora blight of pepper (caused by Phytophthora capsici), blue mold of tobacco (caused by Peronospora tabacina), and late blight of potato (caused by Phytophthora infestans).
Researchers ponder Hadley circulation's past, present, and future

The large-scale meridional overturning circulation named after George Hadley spans half the area of the globe, and variability within this system affects the lives of billions of people. Along with the large-scale zonal tropical cells named after Sir Gilbert Walker, the Hadley and Walker Circulations comprise fundamental regulators of the Earth's energy budget. Although Hadley Circulation is a well-known concept, surprisingly little attention has been paid to understanding both short and long-term variability of the system. To address this issue, 60 scientists from 10 countries met at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu to consider evidence for changes in Hadley Circulation on different time scales.
Electron spin resonance and optical spectroscopic studies of the conducting polymer precursor: Poly(3,4-diisopropylidene cyclobutene)

The doping process in a recently developed conducting polymer precursor, poly(3,4-diisopropylidene cyclobutene) (PDPCB)1 was studied by electron spin resonance and optical spectroscopy. Thin films of PDPCB were exposed to several oxidants, I2, AsF5, or a combination of AsF5 and AsCl3 or AsF3, and monitored in situ by ESR. At the initial stages of doping, the films developed broad ESR spectra with Gaussian line shape. Except in the case of doping with I2, resolved hyperfine structures from cation radicals were observed. As the doping progressed, the ESR spectra gradually transformed to narrower line widths with a Lorentzian component. The Lorentzian component can be attributed to charge carrier species developed in the film through doping. The results of optical spectroscopy (UV-visible) are incorporated to elucidate the effect of doping on electronic transitions of the doped PDPCB.