cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of the Peer-to-Peer Platform on the Traditional Lodging Industry: Emerging Trends and Implications for Greater Los Angeles (U.S.A) and Barcelona (Spain)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of trends in peer-to-peer lodging and their impacts on the lodging industry of the metropolitan regions of Greater Los Angeles, California, USA, and Barcelona, Spain. The main research question is whether the emerging peer-to-peer lodging platforms, part of the exploding sharing economy, are competitive or complementary to the traditional lodging industry. Data was obtained from secondary sources and collected in 24 field interviews. The study found variations in the complementarity/competitiveness balance, depending on the market segment in the hospitality industry and regulatory environment. The paper draws recommendations for hotel competitiveness and policy implications.
Interventions to Promote Well-Being in Parents of Children with Autism: a Systematic Review

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience unique challenges in performing their caregiving roles, often experiencing greater levels of parental stress than other parents. A systematic review of the literature on interventions to improve parental well-being among parents of children with ASD was conducted using three electronic databases (ERIC, PSYCHINFO, Medline) and a combination of key terms. Forty-one of the included studies were coded according to participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and study quality. The following research questions were examined: (1) What type and format of interventions have been used to improve parental outcomes among parents of children with ASD? (2) What interventions have been most effective in improving parental outcomes? (3) How strong is the evidence base for interventions aimed at improving parental outcomes? Gaps in the literature, future directions for research, and implications for practice will be considered.
Clinical Activity of Pazopanib in Patients with Advanced Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

Background Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive, often fatal soft tissue sarcoma that lacks an optimal salvage regimen. We retrospectively reviewed data from 29 pretreated DSRCT patients who received pazopanib at MD Anderson Cancer Center after failure of standard chemotherapies. Subjects, materials, and methods Medical records of patients treated from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed and regression analyses were performed. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival were assessed by a log-rank test. A landmark statistical analysis was used to assess OS at a predefined 12-week time point following pazopanib initiation. Results The mean age at pazopanib treatment was 27.5 years (range, 6.3-50.1 years). According to RECIST 1.1 criteria, 16 patients (55%) had stable disease, 1 patient (3%) had partial response, 1 patient (3%) had complete response, and 11 patients (38%) had progressive disease. Estimated median PFS was 5.63 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.23-7.47). Median OS was 15.7 months (95% CI: 10.3-32.4). As of December 2016, 11 patients (38%) were still alive, with a median follow-up time of 16.8 (range 3.8-30.1) months. Doses between 400 and 800 mg were included. Pazopanib was well tolerated and 23 (79%) of the patients continued it until progression or death, 4 discontinued because of side effects, and 2 were still on pazopanib at the time of data analysis. Conclusion In the largest study conducted to date in DSRCT, pazopanib was well tolerated and clinically active in heavily pretreated patients who otherwise lack good treatment options. Implications for practice Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, extremely aggressive soft tissue sarcoma subtype that most commonly occurs in adolescent and young adult males. No DSRCT-specific therapies exist, and for lack of a better treatment approach, current therapies have relied upon U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs like pazopanib that exhibit clinical activity in other sarcoma subtypes. This article describes the largest experience to date using pazopanib as salvage treatment in heavily pretreated DSRCT patients. Pazopanib was well tolerated and clinically active, surpassing predefined metrics proposed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer indicative of "active" sarcoma drugs (5.63 months progression-free survival [PSF], with 62% of the study population achieving progression-free survival at 12 weeks).
China’s belt and road initiative and regional perceptions of China

China’s growing outward investment in Asia-Pacific is motivated by the potential for economic gains, but could also affect regional geopolitical risk. Using survey data from 2005 to 2016, we show that an increase in Chinese FDI in a country improves respondents’ perceptions of Chinese influence on their country. We also show that perceptions of China are correlated with future business confidence in Asia-Pacific countries. With China advancing plans for further regional investment, notably through the Belt and Road Initiative, the economic and business outlook for Asia-Pacific could improve significantly, adding to existing advantages from regional economic and demographic trends.
Towards a Symbolic Computational Philosophy (and Methodology!) for Mathematics

One of the most profound mathematical concepts is the diagonal (cf. Pythagors, Cantor, Godel, Turing). The format of a diagonal element is AA, but my favorite element is BB. My favorite movie-star used to be Brigit Bardot, my favorite playwright is Bertolt Brecht, my favorite Sesame Street character is Big Bird, and my favorite mathematician, computer scientist, logician, philosopher, pedagogue, administrator, clarinet-player, and human-being is: Bruno Buchberger (henceforth BB).
17 – Strategies, Principles, and Techniques Using Transgenic and Knockout Mouse Models

Transgenic and knockout mouse models are powerful experimental tools at several levels. They can decipher the biology of individual molecules or test upstream and downstream members of a pathway in the context of intact tissues and organs. Although there are potential roadblocks using genetically manipulated mice, these obstacles can usually be overcome with additional genetic manipulations to more precisely control location, timing, or level of gene function. They can also test the response of a biological perturbation, either a normal process or a disease, subsequent to gain or loss of a specific molecule or a molecular pathway. Transgenic or knockout mouse models of disease can also be created, and then used to first screen for differential expression of candidate genes at specific stages of pathological progression. Promising candidates can then be introduced by creating new genetically manipulated mice, wherein expression of the candidate is perturbed, breeding these new mice into the original disease model. Ultimately, increased understanding of the function of molecules within tissues will lead to identification and development of targeted drugs selective for a particular aspect of molecular function.
Contiguous United States wildland fire emission estimates during 2003–2015

Abstract. Wildfires are a major source of air pollutants in the United States. Wildfire smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial impacts on public health. In addition to acute episodes, wildfires can have a marginal effect on air quality at significant distances from the source, presenting significant challenges to air regulators' efforts to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Improved emission estimates are needed to quantify the contribution of wildfires to air pollution and thereby inform decision-making activities related to the control and regulation of anthropogenic air pollution sources. To address the need of air regulators and land managers for improved wildfire emission estimates, we developed the Missoula Fire Lab Emission Inventory (MFLEI), a retrospective, daily wildfire emission inventory for the contiguous United States (CONUS). MFLEI was produced using multiple datasets of fire activity and burned area, a newly developed wildland fuels map and an updated emission factor database. Daily burned area is based on a combination of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) data, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area and active fire detection products, incident fire perimeters, and a spatial wildfire occurrence database. The fuel type classification map is a merger of a national forest type map, produced by the USDA Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the Geospatial Technology and Applications Center (GTAC), with a shrub and grassland vegetation map developed by the USFS Missoula Forestry Sciences Laboratory. Forest fuel loading is from a fuel classification developed from a large set ( > 26 000 sites) of FIA surface fuel measurements. Herbaceous fuel loading is estimated using site-specific parameters with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from MODIS. Shrub fuel loading is quantified by applying numerous allometric equations linking stand structure and composition to biomass and fuels, with the structure and composition data derived from geospatial data layers of the LANDFIRE project. MFLEI provides estimates of CONUS daily wildfire burned area, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions at a 250 m × 250 m resolution for 2003–2015. A spatially aggregated emission product (10 km × 10 km, 1 day) with uncertainty estimates is included to provide a representation of emission uncertainties at a spatial scale pertinent to air quality modeling. MFLEI will be updated, with recent years, as the MTBS burned area product becomes available. The data associated with this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0039 (Urbanski et al., 2017).
Effect of Molecular Weight on Sonoporation-Mediated Uptake in Human Cells.

Ultrasound-induced microbubble destruction can enhance drug delivery to cells. The molecular weight of therapeutic compounds varies significantly (from 1000 kDa for DNA plasmids). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between uptake efficiency and molecular weight using equal molar concentrations. Uptake efficiency of fluorescent compounds with different molecular weights (0.3, 10 and 2000 kDa) was explored in vitro using human cardiac mesenchymal cells and breast cancer cells exposed to microbubbles and 2.5-MHz ultrasound pulses. Uptake by viable cells was quantified using flow cytometry. After correction for the fluorescence yield of each compound, there was a significant size-dependent difference in fluorescence intensity, indicating an inverse relationship between size and uptake efficiency. These results suggest that diffusion of therapeutic compounds across permeabilized cell membranes may be an important mechanism for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery.
An Innovative Patient Safety Curriculum for Pediatric Residents

Purpose: Patient safety has been identified by the ACGME, ABP, and safety experts as an important topic for resident medical education. Despite this, there are few published safety curricula targeting pediatric residents. We created an innovative patient safety curriculum for senior-level pediatric and multi-board residents. We aim to improve residents’ knowledge of patient safety principles, their comfort in applying these principles to future practice, their satisfaction with safety education, and rates of resident event reporting. Methods: The curriculum was delivered in five one-hour long, monthly sessions. Session topics were selected …
Neurobehavioral methods used in neurotoxicology.

The use of neurobehavioral techniques in toxicology has increased dramatically over the past several years. Several national and international groups have recommended that neurobehavioral tests be included in the initial stages of hazard identification, and regulatory agencies have responded by preparing testing guidelines or requiring behavioral tests data for premarket approval of environmental and pharmaceutical chemicals. In addition, neurobehavioral data have been used to set exposure limits in the workplace. In the future, neurobehavioral data will be used more frequently in the area of risk assessment, which has been defined as the "characterization of the potential adverse effects of human exposure to environmental hazards" (National Academy of Sciences 1983). Good risk assessment depends on the ability to determine whether a particular agent is or is not causally linked to a particular health effect and on the availability of dose-response data for quantitative risk assessment. Neurobehavioral techniques used in animal behavioral toxicology measure neurobiological functions similar to those measured in humans. In addition, neurobehavioral procedures can be used in longitudinal studies where the onset and duration of effects of chemical exposure can be measured in the same animal. Neurobehavioral techniques are also amenable to the study of tolerance and compensation following repeated exposure or following recovery of function that can occur following cessation of exposure. Therefore, neurobehavioral procedures provide a valuable tool for research designed to reduce major uncertainties associated with the risk assessment process, such as animal to human extrapolation (homology of animal models) and dosing issues (i.e., high-to-low dose, acute vs. repeated dosing, and continuous vs. episodic dosing). Although the use of neurobehavioral procedures has had a significant impact on neurotoxicology, their use in the risk assessment process and in monitoring populations for possible subtle changes in neurobiological function will be limited if additional research is not done to understand the neural substrates underlying neurobehavioral endpoints. The ability to link chemically induced behavioral changes to alterations at the neurophysiological, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical levels will lead to a greater acceptance of the validity and reliability of neurobehavioral endpoints in defining adverse effects of chemicals on the nervous system. Language: en
Family-of-Origin Variables and Adult Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Review of the Research.

ABSTRACT The context of childhood sexual abuse, most often the child's family of origin, has received attention recently in the adult survivor research literature. Findings related to family-of-origin variables, including concomitant physical and emotional abuse, and long-term effects in samples of adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse are reviewed. The contribution of family variables, such as disturbed interaction patterns, in producing vulnerability to later distress in this population and the clinical implications of the emerging findings related to these variables are addressed.
Evidence for a unique association between fronto-cortical glycine levels and recent heavy drinking in treatment naïve individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Abstract Although the neurotransmitters/modulators glutamate and, more recently, glycine have been implicated in the development and maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in preclinical research, human proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies have focused solely on the measurement of glutamate. The purpose of the present analysis was to examine the relative associations of brain glutamate and glycine levels with recent heavy drinking in 41 treatment naive individuals with AUD using 1H-MRS. The present study is the first that we are aware of to report in vivo brain glycine levels from an investigation of addiction. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) glutamate and glycine concentration estimates were obtained using Two-Dimensional J-Resolved Point Resolved Spectroscopy at 3 Tesla, and past 2-week summary estimates of alcohol consumption were assessed via the Timeline Followback method. Glutamate (β = −0.44, t = −3.09, p = 0.004) and glycine (β = −0.68, t = −5.72, p The present study extends the literature by demonstrating a unique, inverse association of brain glycine levels with recent heavy drinking in treatment naive individuals with AUD. If replicated and extended, these data could lead to enhanced knowledge of how glycinergic systems change with alcohol consumption and AUD progression leading to pharmacological interventional/preventative strategies that modulate brain glycine levels.
A young man with acute chest pain.

A young man presents with severe, pressure-like, midsternal, nonradiating pain, rated 10 on a scale of 10.
Inferring targeting modes of Argonaute-loaded tRNA fragments.

Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) are an emerging class of small RNA molecules derived from mature or precursor tRNAs. They are found across a wide range of organisms and tissues, in small RNA fraction...
Building Relationships with Hospital Administrators

In order to understand the importance of the relationship between hospital administrators and physicians, it is imperative to appreciate how Health Care Organizations (HCOs) have changed over the last 100 years (Fig. 13.1). In the late 1800s, public and private hospitals were distinguished and private health insurance was developed by the early 1900s [1]. At that time, hospital were owned and managed by physicians [2]. Following World War II, technology in health care rapidly advanced leading to increases in hospital costs [1]. Also around that time, physicians began to focus more on clinical work and administrators began taking over daily administrative tasks [2]. Hospitals consisted of a small group of managing administrators, physicians, and nurses. Patients paid medical bills in cash and cost of care was the cost of services plus a small predetermined profit margin [3]. The financial success of hospitals in the 1950s was dependent on having hospital beds filled.
PATHFINDER: Graph-Based Itemset Embedding for Learning Course Recommendation and Beyond

We demonstrate a tool, named as PATHFINDER, that captures and visualizes rich latent relationships among courses as a graph, mines students' past course performance data, and recommends pathways or top-k courses most helpful to a given student, using an itemset embedding based learning model. With dedicated design for the asymmetric, non-additive and non-negative challenges specific to the problem, our model for helpfulness achieves the best performance among competing models. We demonstrate the visualization of four course relationships (e.g., mandatory, prerequisite, helpful, and top-k) in a graph. The PATHFINDER demo is publicly available at: http://140.82.60.177:8000
Multi-objective optimization approach to enhance the stencil printing quality

Abstract Stencil printing process (SPP) is a key process in surface mount technology (SMT) production lines, which attributes to more than 60% of the defects in the assembly of the printed circuit boards (PCBs). This research integrates multi-objective optimization and data mining to enhance the stencil printing quality. Support vector regression (SVR) is used to model the relationships between the printing variables (speed, pressure, and separation speed) and the volume transfer efficiency (TE). Three new objective functions are studied and compared, which aim to maximize the printing process capability index Ĉpk. The multi-objective optimization problem is converted into a single objective using the e-constraint approach. Evolutionary strategies (ES) with an adaptive penalty function is used to handle the constraints and solve the optimization model. The optimal solutions are retrieved for both printing directions (forward (F) and backward (B)) using two spec limits’ strategies (fixed and customized). The results show that the optimal solutions obtained from solving the optimization model with different objective functions behave differently. Moreover, the customized spec limits outperform the fixed limits strategy.
Puf4 Mediates Post-transcriptional Regulation of Caspofungin Resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans

Abstract Echinocandins have been on the market for 20 years, yet they are the newest class of antifungal drugs. The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is intrinsically resistant to the echinocandin antifungal drug caspofungin, which targets the β-1,3-glucan synthase encoded by the FKS1. Analysis of a C. neoformans puf4Δ mutant, lacking the pumilio/FBF RNA binding protein family member Puf4, revealed exacerbated caspofungin resistance. In contrast, overexpression of PUF4 resulted in caspofungin sensitivity. The FKS1 mRNA contains three Puf4-binding elements (PBEs) in its 5’ untranslated region. Puf4 binds with specificity to this region of the FKS1. The FKS1 mRNA was destabilized in the puf4Δ mutant, and the abundance of the FKS1 mRNA was reduced compared to wild type, suggesting that Puf4 is a positive regulator FKS1 mRNA stability. In addition to FKS1, the abundance of additional cell wall biosynthesis genes, including chitin synthases (CHS3, CHS4, CHS6) and deacetylases (CDA1, CDA2, CDA3) as well as a β-1,6-glucan synthase gene (SKN1) was regulated by Puf4 during a caspofungin time course. The use of fluorescent dyes to quantify cell wall components revealed that the puf4Δ mutant had increased chitin content, suggesting a cell wall composition that is less reliant on β-1,3-glucan. Overall, our findings suggest a mechanism by which caspofungin resistance, and more broadly, cell wall biogenesis, is regulated post-transcriptionally by Puf4. Importance Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungus that causes pulmonary and central nervous system infections. It is also responsible for 15% of AIDS-related deaths. A major contributor to the high morbidity and mortality statistics is the lack of safe and effective antifungal therapies, especially in resource-poor settings. Yet, antifungal drug development has stalled in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the mechanism by which C. neoformans is resistant to caspofungin in order to design adjunctive therapies to potentiate its activity toward this important pathogen.
Physeal-Sparing Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With Suture Anchor for Femoral Graft Fixation.

Abstract Patellar instability is a common problem in the active pediatric population. When nonoperative treatment of the instability fails, growth-respecting surgical stabilization techniques are required. As the incidence of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has increased, techniques have improved to avoid physeal injury to the distal femur. These techniques are technically demanding because of the small size of the distal femoral epiphysis in children, as well as the relatively large socket size (7-8 mm in diameter, >20 mm in length) required for sound fixation with a tenodesis screw as originally described. The size of the femoral tunnel for interference fixation puts the surrounding structures at risk of damage. We present a modification of the epiphyseal socket technique for anatomic growth-sparing MPFL reconstruction using a small soft anchor for femoral graft fixation. This has the proposed advantages of diminishing volumetric bony removal from the epiphysis; increasing the margin of safety with respect to notch, trochlear, and/or physeal damage; and reducing the risk of thermal damage to the physis during socket reaming. This technique is technically simple and can be easily learned by surgeons familiar with adult MPFL reconstruction techniques.
Online Optimal Adaptive Control of a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-time Systems

In this paper, a multi-layer neural network (MNN) based online optimal adaptive regulation of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems in affine form with uncertain internal dynamics is introduced. The multi-layer neural networks (MNN)-based actor-critic framework is utilized to estimate the optimal control input and cost function. The temporal difference (TD) error is derived from the difference between actual and estimated cost function. The MNN weights of both critic and actor are tuned at every sampling instant as a function of the instantaneous temporal difference and control policy errors. The proposed approach does not require the selection of any basis function and its derivatives. The boundedness of the system state vector and actor and critic NN weights are shown through Lyapunov theory. Extension of the proposed approach to MNNs with more hidden layers is discussed. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Cambridge Companion to Don Delillo

With the publication of his seminal novel White Noise, Don DeLillo was elevated into the pantheon of great American writers. His novels are admired and studied for their narrative technique, political themes, and their prophetic commentary on the cultural crises affecting contemporary America. In an age dominated by the image, DeLillo's fiction encourages the reader to think historically about such matters as the Cold War, the assassination of President Kennedy, threats to the environment, and terrorism. This Companion charts the shape of DeLillo's career, his relation to twentieth-century aesthetics, and his major themes. It also provides in-depth assessments of his best-known novels, White Noise, Libra, and Underworld, which have become required reading not only for students of American literature, but for all interested in the history and the future of American culture.
Trends in various e-cigarette devices used by high school adolescents from 2017-2019.

Abstract Background Adolescent e-cigarette use has increased recently; however, little is known about trends in use of specific devices by youth. This study aims to 1) compare rates of e-cigarette device use over time, 2) examine changes in frequency of device use, and 3) identify predictors of device use. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were distributed school-wide across 4 diverse Connecticut high-schools in 2017, 2018, 2019 and assessed current (i.e., past-30-day) use of various e-cigarette devices: disposables/cig-a-likes, vape pens, mods, JUULs, and other rechargeable pod devices (added in 2018 and 2019). Analyses compared rates of device use and frequency (i.e., number of days used in past 30) over time. Multivariable logistic regression models examined demographic and tobacco use characteristics (e.g., age first trying e-cigarettes) as predictors of current use of each device type in 2019. Results From 2017−2019, rates of using JUUL, disposables/cig-a-likes, and vape pens increased significantly, while use of mods and other pod devices decreased (ps 46 %) and JUUL (28 % to >35 %) devices. In multivariable models, first trying e-cigarettes at a younger age was associated with current use of disposable/cig-a-like, vape pens, mods, and other rechargeable pod devices. Conclusions From 2017−2019, JUUL, disposable/cig-a-like, and vape pens increased in popularity and were used frequently. Tobacco regulations designed to reduce youth use should consider various device types.
Training and Development in an Era of Downsizing

Downsizing as a restructuring strategy has been actively implemented for the last three decades. While employee reductions were utilized mainly in response to crises prior to the mid-1980s, downsizing developed into a fully-fledged managerial strategy for tens of thousands of companies in the mid-to late-1980s. Since then, downsizing has transformed the international corporate landscape and affected the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals around the world. While the overall effects of downsizing have been widely reported, many misconceptions surrounding the concept of downsizing have remained. This conceptual paper focuses on the role of training and development (T&D) during the downsizing process. In particular, the research depicts the current body of literature associated with the function of HR and its plans, programs, and policies that firms adopting downsizing must provide to their surviving workforces. Finally, the paper offers concluding comments regarding effective downsizing practices that have emerged in the literature.
Diploid chromosome-scale assembly of the Muscadinia rotundifolia genome supports chromosome fusion and disease resistance gene expansion during Vitis and Muscadinia divergence.

Muscadinia rotundifolia, the muscadine grape, has been cultivated for centuries in the southeastern United States. M. rotundifolia is resistant to many of the pathogens that detrimentally affect Vitis vinifera, the grape species commonly used for winemaking. For this reason, M. rotundifolia is a valuable genetic resource for breeding. Single-molecule real-time reads were combined with optical maps to reconstruct the two haplotypes of each of the 20 M. rotundifolia cv. Trayshed chromosomes. The completeness and accuracy of the assembly were confirmed using a high-density linkage map. Protein-coding genes were annotated using an integrated and comprehensive approach. This included using full-length cDNA sequencing (Iso-Seq) to improve gene structure and hypothetical spliced variant predictions. Our data strongly support that Muscadinia chromosomes 7 and 20 are fused in Vitis and pinpoint the location of the fusion in Cabernet Sauvignon and PN40024 chromosome 7. Disease-related gene numbers in Trayshed and Cabernet Sauvignon were similar, but their clustering locations were different. A dramatic expansion of the Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor-like Nucleotide-Binding Site Leucine-Rich Repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) class was detected on Trayshed chromosome 12 at the Resistance to Uncinula necator 1 (RUN1)/Resistance to Plasmopara viticola 1 (RPV1) locus, which confers strong dominant resistance to powdery and downy mildews. A genome browser, annotation, and Blast tool for Trayshed are available at www.grapegenomics.com.
Vascularisation of pluripotent stem cell–derived myocardium: biomechanical insights for physiological relevance in cardiac tissue engineering

The myocardium is a diverse environment, requiring coordination between a variety of specialised cell types. Biochemical crosstalk between cardiomyocytes (CM) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is essential to maintain contractility and healthy tissue homeostasis. Yet, as myocytes beat, heterocellular communication occurs also through constantly fluctuating biomechanical stimuli, namely (1) compressive and tensile forces generated directly by the beating myocardium, and (2) pulsatile shear stress caused by intra-microvascular flow. Despite endothelial cells (EC) being highly mechanosensitive, the role of biomechanical stimuli from beating CM as a regulatory mode of myocardial-microvascular crosstalk is relatively unexplored. Given that cardiac biomechanics are dramatically altered during disease, and disruption of myocardial-microvascular communication is a known driver of pathological remodelling, understanding the biomechanical context necessary for healthy myocardial-microvascular interaction is of high importance. The current gap in understanding can largely be attributed to technical limitations associated with reproducing dynamic physiological biomechanics in multicellular in vitro platforms, coupled with limited in vitro viability of primary cardiac tissue. However, differentiation of CM from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has provided an unlimited source of human myocytes suitable for designing in vitro models. This technology is now converging with the diverse field of tissue engineering, which utilises in vitro techniques designed to enhance physiological relevance, such as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as 3D scaffolds, microfluidic perfusion of vascularised networks, and complex multicellular architectures generated via 3D bioprinting. These strategies are now allowing researchers to design in vitro platforms which emulate the cell composition, architectures, and biomechanics specific to the myocardial-microvascular microenvironment. Inclusion of physiological multicellularity and biomechanics may also induce a more mature phenotype in stem cell-derived CM, further enhancing their value. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomechanical stimuli as determinants of CM-EC crosstalk in cardiac health and disease, and to explore emerging tissue engineering and hPSC technologies which can recapitulate physiological dynamics to enhance the value of in vitro cardiac experimentation.
The establishment of power communication network monitoring system based on computer

Nowadays with the development of science and technology, computer network has been widely used to the life of people, the popularity of the network technology convenience to people's lives, and at the same time, many industries and industry at present is the application of computer network communication technology, convenient for supervision and inspection of the scene situations, oil and gas is in the energy industry, the application of the computer is more common, such as in power system, the network technology has become the inevitable trend of electric power industry development, various complicated power system, has been inseparable from the electric power communication network of the implementation of the supervision and feedback.
The pocket guide to TCP/IP sockets

"The Pocket Guide to TCP/IP Sockets is a quick and affordable way to gain the knowledge and skills you need to develop sophisticated and powerful networked-based programs using sockets. Written by two experienced networking instructors, this book provides a series of examples that demonstrate basic sockets techniques for clients and servers. Using plenty of real-world examples, this book is a complete beginner's guide to socket programming and a springboard to more advanced networking topics, including multimedia protocols. * Concise, no-nonsense explanations of issues often troublesome for beginners, including message construction and parsing. * Comprehensive example-based coverage of the most important TCP/IP techniques-including iterative and concurrent servers, timeouts, and asynchronous message processing. * Includes a detailed, easy-to-use reference to the system calls and auxiliary routines that comprise the sockets interface. * A companion Web site provides source code for all example programs in both C and WinSock versions, as well as guidance on running the code on various platforms.
CFD Based Lumped Parameter Method to Predict the Thermal Performance of Brake Rotors in Vehicle

The objective of the paper is to outline a CFD based lumped parameter method that compares the thermal performance of brake rotors, predicts the transient temperatures and brake lining wear in vehicle. A two-pronged approach was developed for this purpose. A rotor stand-alone model was used to predict rotor performance curves. Simultaneously heat transfer coefficients of the brake rotor were computed corresponding to the rotor performance curves and the appropriate heat transfer correlations were established. The second part of this approach involved developing a brake model in a vehicle and solving for the air flow through rotors in different vehicles at various speeds. These rotor flows were cross-referenced with the rotor performance curves, generated earlier for that rotor, to compute the heat transfer coefficients in the vehicle. These vehicle heat transfer coefficients were used with the heat inputs obtained from the vehicle dynamics in a lumped capacitance model of a brake rotor to predict the transient brake rotor temperatures.
What Do We Mean By “Salafī”? Connecting Muḥammad ʿAbduh with Egypt’s Nūr Party in Islam’s Contemporary Intellectual History

In contemporary academic literature, the word “Salafī” has a variety of meanings. Most importantly, Western academic literature of the 20th and 21st centuries applies the word to (1) an Islamic reform movement founded by Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (d. 1897) and Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849–1905) in the last decades of the 19th century and (2) to contemporary Sunni reform movements that criticize manifestations of Sunni Islam which are based on Sufism, Ashʿarism, and traditional madhhab-affiliations to the Shāfiʿī, Ḥanafī, and Mālikī schools. In a 2010-article Henri Lauziere argued that the use of the word “Salafī” to describe these two movements is an equivocation based on a mistake. While the movement of contemporary Salafīs may be rightfully called by that name, al-Afghānī and ʿAbduh never used the term. Only Western scholars of the 1920s and 30s, most importantly Louis Massignon (1883–1962), called this latter movement “salafī”. This paper reevaluates the evidence presented by Lauziere and argues that Massignon did not make a mistake. The paper describes analytically both reform movements and draws the conclusion that there is a historic continuity that justifies calling them both “salafī”. The paper draws an analogy from the use of the word “socialist” in European political history, which first applied to a wider movement of the late 19th century before its use was contested and narrowed down in the course of the 20th.
Effects of Antacids on Gastric Emptying

Aluminum hydroxide gel delays gastric emptying in rats and man. This effect of aluminum hydroxide gel varies with the concentration of aluminum in solution in the stomach when pH, osmolarity, and anion content are held constant. Because aluminum solubility drops as pH is raised, those antacids which neutralize more effectively than aluminum hydroxide gel alone and which contain "nonreactive" aluminum hydroxide result in lower aluminum concentration and do not affect the rate of gastric emptying in animals or in man. By using [51Cr]sodium chromate and a gamma camera technique, half-emptying time in 6 subjects with no gastrointestinal disease was shown to be prolonged from 13.1 min after water ingestion to 48.0 min after three hourly doses of aluminum hydroxide gel. Conventional nonabsorbable markers, including phenol red, were found to be of limited use for studying gastrointestinal function in the presence of antacid gels, most of which adsorb dyes.
GLOBAL RECESSION AND ASIAN GROWTH: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS

The paper outlines current macroeconomic developments in industrial countries and explains how slower growth in these economies is being transmitted to developing economies in Asia. The macroeconomic outlook for industrial countries in 2009 is discussed along with the transmission mechanism that has brought the global downturn to the Asian economies. Monetary and fiscal policy adjustments in Asian economies have been implemented to address the downturn in economic activity and these policies are discussed in some depth. All the major countries in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia are analysed. The paper concludes with a brief review of the outlook for 2010. Keywords: global recession, monetary and fiscal policy, Asian economies, economic outlook.
Chapter 8. Pharmacological Therapy for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates pharmacological therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), which is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Erection is triggered and maintained via central nervous control through two different nerve pathways. Reflex erections are under spinal control and psychogenic erections under direct central control. In healthy males, these two mechanisms are believed to work synergistically in the control of erections. Therefore any reduction of neuronal function by peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes, for example, can also lead to ED. In addition, spinal cord injury can also contribute to the presence of ED through loss of central control, although the reflexogenic pathway still operates. Basics of physiology of the penis and mechanism of erection are elaborated in the chapter. Drugs approved for the treatment of ED are described and central control of penile erection is explained. Concepts related to investigational drugs for ED are discussed. Novel PDE5 inhibitors are elaborated and also non-selective PDE5 inhibitors are analyzed.
Intracortical chondroma: a report of two cases

Intracortical chondromas are exceedingly rare lesions that have the histopathologic appearance of enchondromas, but are located within cortical bone. Two new cases of intracortical chondroma, one symptomatic and the other found incidentally, are presented and the entity's brief literature reviewed.
The Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) System: The Energy Internet

This paper presents an architecture for a future electric power distribution system that is suitable for plug-and-play of distributed renewable energy and distributed energy storage devices. Motivated by the success of the (information) Internet, the architecture described in this paper was proposed by the NSF FREEDM Systems Center, Raleigh, NC, as a roadmap for a future automated and flexible electric power distribution system. In the envisioned “Energy Internet,” a system that enables flexible energy sharing is proposed for consumers in a residential distribution system. The key technologies required to achieve such a vision are presented in this paper as a result of the research partnership of the FREEDM Systems Center.
Particle size and molecular weights of derivatives from coal

Abstract Different methods for the determination of molecular sizes in solutions of coal, or coal derivatives, are discussed. The comparison of these methods leads to the conclusion that the original coal has a much higher molecular weight than commonly reported.
Evoked cortical potentials: relation to hand dominance and eye dominance.

The amplitude and symmetry of right- and left-occipital lobe evoked potentials (EPs) to right and left visual-field stimulation were studied as a function of hand and eye dominance in female Ss. For all Ss, right-lobe EP amplitudes were greater than left-lobe during left visual-field, but not right visual-field, stimulation. Left-eyed Ss had significantly greater EP amplitudes than right-eyed Ss. Comparing this study with previous ones suggests a sex difference in the relationship of handedness to right lobe-left lobe asymmetry.
The Ca2+ binding to deionized monomerized and to retinal removed bacteriorhodopsin

In our continuing effort to characterize the metal cation binding in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) using Ca(2+)-specific electrodes, potentiometric titration was carried out on deionized solubilized bR (containing monomeric units) and deionized bacterioopsin (bR with its retinal removed). Scatchard plots were analyzed. The monomer was found to have plots similar to those of the trimer, suggesting that the binding sites in bR are localized within the protein monomer unit and not between the molecules within the trimer structure. This also supports the previous assumption that the curvature in the Scatchard plot of regenerated bR is not due to cooperativity of metal cation within the trimer, but rather due to multiple sites. Recent studies further support the finding that the curved Scatchard plot is not due to the cooperativity between the metal ions in the two high affinity sites, wherever they are. The results of the analysis of the Scatchard plot for deionized bacterioopsin have shown a change in the binding characteristics of the high affinity but not the low affinity sites from that observed in bR. This result supports previous conclusions that metal cations in the high affinity sites are not far from the retinal cavity.
Boothby–Wang fibrations on complex contact manifolds

Abstract Since the Boothby–Wang fibrations form an important class of real (strict) contact manifolds, we endeavor to find a similar type of fibration for complex contact manifolds. We use the dual symplectic structures found on complex-symplectic manifolds, in order to generate two related yet distinct Boothby–Wang fibrations. Then we show that the “Whitney Sum” of these S 1 -bundles is the object we are looking for. Examples follow.
Hydrocephalus following prenatal methylmercury poisoning

Prenatal methylmercury poisoning of C57BL/6J mice was followed by the development of communicating hydrocephalus in 15% to 25% of surviving offspring. Although examination of the serially sectioned cerebral aqueduct in hydrocephalic animals revealed the presence of stenosis, complete occlusion of the lumen was not observed. The ependymal epithelium of the cerebral aqueduct was preserved, and there was no evidence of periaqueductal inflammation or reactive gliosis. Edema and vacuolar change were, however, observed subependymally. The cerebral white matter, which bore the brunt of the degenerative changes seen in hydrocephalic brains, showed edema, spongy degeneration, gross cystic change and loss of parenchyma. In addition, ependymal cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells in Hg-treated animals contained large amounts of mercury within their cytoplasm, and it is possible that this may have contributed to the development of hydrocephalus by causing disturbances of CSF homeostasis. We believe that the appearance of aqueductal stenosis in Hg-intoxicated animals represents the result rather than the cause of the hydrocephalus.
Regulating Heroin: Kaplan and Trebach on the Dilemmas of Public Policy

In social policy, as in much of life, the rhythms of thought, knowledge, and action are often out of synch. We learn the right way to think about a problem and have the appropriate evidence at hand only after the moment for decision has passed-not necessarily because the problem has disappeared or been solved, but more often because interest has shifted elsewhere. So, it is unfortunate that two powerful and interesting books about heroin policy have appeared when the focus of government attention is elsewhere-on the lesser drug problems of cocaine and marijuana. Still, if scholars in years to come look back at what has been written, the books by John Kaplan and Arnold Trebach will prove enormously useful to those who must think about heroin policy the next time around. Although the books touch on many aspects of heroin use, they focus on the major structural question in heroin policy: On what terms and conditions should heroin be made available in the United States? Current policy is probably as close to an outright prohibition as we can come. While some research uses of heroin are allowed and a few people suffering from painful terminal diseases have access to heroin as part of research activities, the use of heroin is, for all intents and purposes, banned in the United States. This means that all plausible policy alternatives lie in the direction of liberalizing the availability of heroin. Of course, there are many degrees of liberalization-ranging from permission to substitute heroin for morphine in treating painful and terminal organic diseases, to using heroin as a "hook" to draw addicts into therapeutic relationships with physicians, to providing tightly regulated heroin main-
Spectrophotometric determination of nickel(ii) with molybdophosphoric acid.

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nickel, based on the reduction of a complex formed between molybdophosphoric acid and Ni(II) at pH 4.3 has been developed. Excess of molybdophosphoric acid is eliminated by complexation with sodium citrate. The method is rapid and the system obeys Beer's law up to 5 ppm of Ni(II). The molar absorptivity is 1.30 x 10(3) 1.mole(-1).mm(-1). The technique compares favourably with existing photometric methods for nickel in sensitivity and is reasonably selective.