cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation at Glu-1 loci in club wheats

Hexaploid club wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) possess unique end-use quality characteristics and are grouped as a U.S. market subclass of soft white common wheat. Although there have been many reports on associations among high-molecular-weight glutenin storage protein (HMW-Glu) sub-units with end-use quality in hard wheats; there has been very limited work done on surveying the club wheats for these subunits. The HMW-Glu subunits, spike types and grain color were determined for 41 U.S. club wheat cultivars and 79 club accessions obtained from the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC), USDA-ARS. Accession ‘Harlan JR 35’ (PI 420948), which appears morphologically to be a hexaploid club wheat, was determined to be tetraploid. Egyptian line ‘Maya II-Tel's’ (PI 422288) was shown to have previously undescribed HMW-Glu subunits. In the U.S. club wheats the most common HMW-Glu subunits were: null, 49 % (Glu-A1); 6, 37 % (Glu-B1); and 2 + 12, 94 % (Glu-D1). In the NSGC group the most common HMW-Glu sub-units were: 2*, 52 % (Glu-A1); 7 + 8, 31 % (Glu-B1); and 2 + 12, 92 % (Glu-D1). The high frequency of subunits 2 + 12 in the club wheat groups has not been observed previously in numerous surveys of diverse wheat cultivars. The Glu-B1 subunits 6 (without subunit 8) and 20 which have not been reported in US red wheats, were shown to be common in both club wheat groups. A comparison of diversity indices, including previous studies on HMW-Glu subunit frequencies on all market classes of wheat, showed that the club groups are as diverse for the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci and less diverse for the Glu-D1 locus.
The electrical field produced by the eccentric current dipole in the nonhomogeneous conductor

T he problem investigated has important implications which bear on the electrical field which is produced by the heartbeat. For nearly 30 years1 the basic approach to human and animal electrocardiography has regarded the “heart generator” as a source-sink distribution which emanates from the heart muscle fibers. The most general viewpoint is that of treating the “heart generator” as a source-sink multipole in which the net pole strength is zero. In the general theory of multipoles the expansion for the potential includes a first term (tensor of rank zero) which vanishes when the net pole strength is zero. The second term of the expansion is the potential of a dipole or tensor of rank one. Additional terms are potentials of the quadripole, the octapole, and tensors of higher rank. At distances from the multipole large in comparison with its “circumference,” the cube and the higher powers of these distances enter the denominators of the terms which are components of tensors of rank two and higher, and the magnitudes of these terms may be neglected. Consequently, the potential field throughout the greater part of the body trunk is essentially equivalent to that produced by a dipole, or a tensor of rank one. Her5 the variations of body surface potentials are due to changes in strength of dipole moment &I and to rotations of the moment M-axis with each heartbeat. For the past 30 years the heart generator has been treated physically as though it produced the electrical field of a dipole in a homogeneous volume conductor.l This last simplification is, of course, a mere approximation of the truth. Nevertheless, this approximation has offered great advantages to both teachers and investigators. Recent investigations2-4 have naturally become more exacting and have introduced the general idea of different specific resistivities making up a nonhomogeneous conductor. It is the object of this article to help remove the foundations of electrocardiography from the approximate foundations of the homogeneous volume conductor to that of the more realistic nonhomogeneous volume conductor.
A unified topological concept of stability in terms of two measures

A new concept of stability which unifies Lyapunov and orbital stabilities as well as leading to other notions between them is defined in terms of a given topology of the function space and two different measures. An attempt is made to offer sufficient conditions to obtain stability criteria for such concepts. The employment of two measures also covers several known results in usual stability theory and therefore, the present framework provides an additional unification.
Management of soilborne diseases of potato

A large number of soilborne diseases that affect potato are important in the United States. In the Midwestern USA, early dying, involving Verticillium dahliae and Colletotrichum coccodes and the storage rots, pink rot and leak tuber rot, caused by Phytophthora erythroseptica and Pythium ultimum are among the most serious. Various aspects of the biology and aetiology of these pathogens have been investigated to improve our understanding of the factors involved in disease development. These studies have addressed knowledge gaps and have assisted in the development of management strategies and tactics for each disease. Disease management integrates cultural practices, use of agrochemicals and to some degree, host resistance. Unfortunately, cultural management practices alone are currently inadequate to control these diseases, causing the potato industry to become over-reliant on the use of agrochemicals for effective management. Current research efforts are directed at the identification and incorporation of genetic resistance into cultivars with acceptable horticultural characteristics to provide more effective disease management.
Infrared Thermal Measurement System for Evaluating Model-Based Thermal Displays

A thermal measurement system was designed and fabricated to assist in the validation of a thermal model in characterizing skin temperature during hand-object interactions. An infrared measurement system was used to overcome the limitations imposed by contact thermal sensors. It is able to measure the temperature distribution across the fingerpad during contact, together with contact area and contact force. The performance of this system was evaluated with calibration tests and the results indicated that this system is capable of providing accurate temperature measurements. With this system, analyses of the changes in skin temperature as a function of contact pressure were conducted. These analyses permitted the validation of a thermal model proposed in a previous study and the results indicate that the thermal model is able to predict skin temperature during contact. The model can simulate the properties of different materials in a thermal display
Inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase based on a highly functionalized N-amino-4-imidazolidinone scaffold

A series of compounds based on the N-amino-4-imidazolidinone scaffold was synthesized and screened against human neutrophil elastase (HNE). These studies lead to the identification of a selective, low micromolar reversible competitive inhibitor of HNE.
“If You Love Me Keep My Commandments”: Religiosity Increases Preference for Rule-Based Moral Arguments

Two experiments demonstrated that religiosity affects the way people resolve moral dilemmas. Participants were presented a series of immoral actions and were asked to justify the wrongness of the action by appealing to either the violation of a rule (rule-based argument) or the negative consequences resulting from the action (outcome-based argument). In Study 1, it was shown both among British and American samples that religious individuals preferred rule-based moral arguments to consequentialist moral arguments more than nonreligious individuals, and covariance with political conservatism did not account for this effect. Study 2 replicated these results with revisions to the materials and extended measures. In this study, dimensions of religiosity—particularly Christian Orthodoxy—predicted rule-based morality independent of a personal need for structure, need for cognition, and right-wing authoritarianism. These results imply that religious individuals who are committed to orthodox religious teaching dis...
Measuring Service Quality Perceptions of Restaurant Experiences: The Disparity Between Comment Cards and DINESERV

Service quality is an important measure for the success of a restaurant. Comment cards are an attempt by restaurateurs to measure the gap between actual customer perceptions and the service quality restaurateurs believe they are providing. A content analysis of restaurant comment cards was conducted to determine if there is disparity between restaurant comment cards and the DINESERV model developed for measuring perceived restaurant quality. Findings indicate that the restaurant comment cards include all five DINESERV dimensions, but they also include the tangible attributes of the food and overall experience measures that are not included in DINESERV. Comment cards omit questions regarding negative experiences, problem resolution, and individualized attention, which DINESERV includes.
Momentum imaging of doubly charged ions of Ne and Ar in the sequential ionization region

We have measured with high resolution the full vector momenta of the doubly charged recoil ions produced when Ar and Ne atomic targets are ionized by intense circularly polarized few-cycle $(\ensuremath{\sim}8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$ laser pulses in the sequential ionization region. The momentum spectra of the ions were found to exhibit structure which is characteristic of the relative binding energies of the two electrons and the sequential nature of the emission process. We demonstrate that the measured spectra can be used to extract subcycle time information regarding the sequential release of the two electrons.
Themes and Symbols in the Religious Lesson: A Jordanian Case Study

My interest in the religious lesson ( dars ) springs from field research on religious life in a Transjordanian village conducted intermittently over a period of thirty years, beginning in 1959 and culminating in a (1989) book on the Muslim preacher and the Islamic sermon ( khuṭba ). That book did not describe or analyze the dars , but it assumed that its content was distinctive and different from the khuṭba . It expounded practical rather than legal norms of behavior and provided useful information on day-to-day religious obligations, what constituted violations of mores, and the rituals of marriage, birth, and death, rather than conveying meaning through core images and metaphors. The assumption was that the sermon dealt mainly with messages of religious exhortation and the lesson dealt with the legal and ritual aspects of religion. I also assumed that the ethos of the dars allowed ritual freedom and a fair amount of give-and-take between preacher and audience, while the khuṭba was informed by an ethos of ritual order. In terms of rhetoric, I assumed that although the sermon often involved a “transformation of quality [imaginative] space” (the phrase is that of James Fernandez), the lesson did not. Finally, I assumed that the lesson emphasized the preacher's role as “home-town boy” ( ibn al-balad ) far more than the sermon did, as expressed, for instance, in its dependence on colloquial speech and minimal use of theological themes. The detailed description and analysis below has led me to reconsider these assumptions.
Role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the early stage of NASH induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a modulator of energy homeostasis and is increased in human nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and after feeding of methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD), a conventional inducer of murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the significance of FGF21 induction in the occurrence of MCD-induced NASH remains undetermined. C57BL/6J Fgf21-null and wild-type mice were treated with MCD for 1 week. Hepatic Fgf21 mRNA was increased early after commencing MCD treatment independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and farnesoid X receptor. While no significant differences in white adipose lipolysis were seen in both genotypes, hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents were increased in Fgf21-null mice, likely due to the up-regulation of genes encoding CD36 and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a/2c, involved in fatty acid (FA) uptake and diacylglycerol synthesis, respectively, and suppression of increased mRNAs encoding carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1α, PPARγ coactivator 1α, and adipose TG lipase, which are associated with lipid clearance in the liver. The MCD-treated Fgf21-null mice showed increased hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to palmitic acid elevated the mRNA levels encoding DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, an indicator of ER stress, and FGF21 in a PPARα-independent manner, suggesting that lipid-induced ER stress can enhance hepatic FGF21 expression. Collectively, FGF21 is elevated in the early stage of MCD-induced NASH likely to minimize hepatic lipid accumulation and ensuing ER stress. These results provide a possible mechanism on how FGF21 is increased in NAFLD/NASH.
Nerve-dependent histone phosphorylation in the regenerating forelimb of the newt

Abstract Regenerating tissue of the newt forelimb extensively incorporates radioactive phosphate into the H2A histone subfraction, with little or no apparent labeling of the H1 protein. Denervation results in a decrease in the level of labeling. The amount of total inorganic phosphate in the stump is unchanged by denervation. However, the rate of uptake of labeled phosphate by the denervated tissue is decreased by about 50%. This leads to a twofold difference between the specific activities of the phosphate pools in the innervated and denervated tissues. Measurements of the specific activities of the ATP pools show a drop of about 40%, which is similar to the decrease in the rates of macromolecular syntheses. Since the major effect of denervation appears to be on phosphate uptake, a nerve-dependent change in the properties of the cell membranes is suggested.
A two-dimensional model for collisional energy transfer in bimolecular ion-molecule dynamics: M++(H2; D2; or HD)→(MH++H; MD++D; MH++D; or MD++H)

Guided ion beam kinetic energy thresholds in the ion-molecule reactions M++H2→MH++H, where M+ is a closed-shell atomic ion B+, Al+, or Ga+, were found to exceed by 0.4 to ca. 5 eV the thermodynamic energy requirements (or the theoretically computed barrier heights) for these reactions. In addition, the formation of MD+ occurs at a significantly lower threshold than MH+ when M+ reacts with HD. Moreover, the measured reaction cross-sections for the production of MH+ or MD+ product ions are very small (10−17 to 10−20 cm2), being largest for B+ and smallest for Ga+. A previous paper from this group proposed that collisional-to-internal energy transfer is the rate-limiting step for this class of reactions. It also suggested, based on a dynamical resonance picture, that collisions occurring at or near C2v symmetry are more effective than other collisions even though C2v geometries provide no lower potential energy barriers than others. By examining the collision paths characteristic of flux early in the bimolecular collision and searching for geometries along such paths where collisional-to-internal energy transfer is optimal, our earlier efforts predicted reaction thresholds in reasonable agreement with the (previously perplexing) experimental data. In the present work, we introduce a model Hamiltonian whose classical and quantum dynamics we apply to the M++H2, D2, HD reactive collisions. We calculate the classical collisional-to-internal energy transfer cross-sections and find energy transfer thresholds that resemble the experimental reaction thresholds but whose isotopic mass trends are not entirely consistent with experiment. We then use a Green function method and a local quadratic approximation to the potential surface to obtain analytical expressions for the isotopic mass dependences of the collisional-to-vibrational energy transfer and for the subsequent fragmentation of the three-atom system. Finally, we analyze the origin of the threshold energy asymmetry in the M++HD reactions.
LHC Implications of the WIMP Miracle and Grand Unification

With the assumptions that dark matter consists of an electroweak triplet and that the gauge couplings unify at a high scale, we identify robust phenomenological trends of possible matter contents at the TeV scale. In particular, we expect new colored states within the LHC reach that can have Yukawa couplings $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ to quarks and the Higgs. We investigate the collider signatures that are characteristic of all such models by adopting the model with the simplest matter content as a benchmark. The $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ couplings are constrained by flavor/$CP$ physics. In the largest portion of the allowed parameter space the new colored particles are stable on collider time scales, hence appearing as $R$ hadrons, for which there is discovery potential at the early LHC ($\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, $1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$). Flavor/$CP$ constraints nevertheless do allow a sizable range of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ where the new colored particles decay promptly, providing a new Higgs production channel with a cross section governed by the strong interaction. Studying the case of $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}WW$, we show that it is possible for the Higgs production from this new channel to be discovered before that from the standard model at the LHC.
Kupffer cell engulfment of apoptotic bodies stimulates death ligand and cytokine expression.

Hepatocyte apoptosis by death receptors, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis are prominent features of liver diseases. However, the link between these processes remains unclear. Our aim was to ascertain whether engulfment of apoptotic bodies by Kupffer cells promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Isolated murine Kupffer cells efficiently engulfed apoptotic bodies generated from UV-treated mouse hepatocytes. Engulfment of the apoptotic bodies, but not latex beads, stimulated Kupffer cell generation of death ligands, including Fas ligand, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Both apoptotic body phagocytosis and death ligand generation were attenuated by gadolinium chloride, a Kupffer cell toxicant. Kupffer cells isolated from 3-day bile duct-ligated (BDL) mice were phenotypically similar to apoptotic body-“fed” Kupffer cells with enhanced death ligand expression; inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis with a caspase inhibitor prevented this Kupffer cell activation. Consistent with a role for Kupffer cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis, gadolinium chloride attenuated neutrophil infiltration and markers for stellate cell activation. In conclusion, these findings support a model of cholestatic liver injury where Kupffer cell engulfment of apoptotic bodies promotes inflammation and fibrogenesis.
Traumatic pneumothorax in the newborn

Summary A case of a newborn infant is presented in whom pneumothorax developed apparently secondary to puncture of the left chest. The air was spontaneously absorbed within seven days. Complete recovery resulted.
The emerging role of rectified thermal fluctuations in initiator aa-tRNA- and start codon selection during translation initiation

Decades of genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies suggest that the conformational dynamics of the translation machinery (TM), of which the ribosome is the central component, play a fundamental role in the mechanism and regulation of translation. More recently, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) studies have provided a unique and powerful approach for directly monitoring the real-time dynamics of the TM. Indeed, smFRET studies of the elongation stage of translation have significantly enriched our understanding of the mechanisms through which stochastic, thermally driven conformational fluctuations of the TM are exploited to drive and regulate the individual steps of translation elongation [1]. Beyond translation elongation, smFRET studies of the conformational dynamics of the initiation stage of translation offer great potential for providing mechanistic information that has thus far remained difficult or impossible to obtain using traditional methods. This is particularly true of the mechanisms through which the accuracy of initiator tRNA- and start codon selection is established during translation initiation. Given that translation initiation is a major checkpoint for regulating the translation of mRNAs, obtaining such mechanistic information holds great promise for our understanding of the translational regulation of gene expression. Here, we provide an overview of the bacterial translation initiation pathway, summarize what is known regarding the biochemical functions of the IFs, and discuss various new and exciting mechanistic insights that have emerged from several recently published smFRET studies of the mechanisms that guide initiator tRNA- and start codon selection during translation initiation. These studies provide a springboard for future investigations of the conformational dynamics of the more complex eukaryotic translation initiation pathway and mechanistic studies of the role of translational regulation of gene expression in human health and disease.
Standard vs. Custom Products: Variety, Lead Time, and Price Competition

In this paper, we study the standardization and customization decisions of two firms in a competitive setting, along with variety, lead time, and price decisions. We incorporate consumer heterogeneity both in firm preference (or store convenience) and in product attribute preferences. We find that the equilibrium outcome depends on the cost efficiencies of the production technologies as well as the consumer sensitivity to product fit and lead time. We develop an index that signifies the relative attractiveness of the standardization and customization strategies, and the potential outcomes. We identify the strategic roles of product variety and lead time in the competition. In contrast to the previous literature, we find that increasing the variety will not intensify the price competition if there is sufficient firm differentiation. Rather, it relieves the price pressure for the firm as it satisfies consumer needs better and enables higher price premiums. We also analyze the impact of asymmetric variable costs, fixed costs, and brand reputation on the equilibrium decisions.
State of the Science: Radar View of Tropical Cyclones

Radar played an important role in studies of tropical cyclones since it was developed in the 1940s. The spiral echo pattern that is characteristic of tropical cyclones was one of the first meteorological features described by radar. The pioneering studies of Dave Atlas and colleagues established radar as an ideal remote sensing tool for studies of the structure and evolution of tropical cyclones (e.g., Kessler and Atlas 1956; Kessler 1957, 1958; Atlas et al. 1963). Since then our understanding of tropical cyclones and their characteristics improved dramatically, in part due to the use of radars, both non-coherent and coherent. Advances in understanding closely parallel advances in radar technology and data processing. These advances rapidly accelerated over the last 15 years with the advent of operational ground-based Doppler radar networks in the United States, Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, and the French islands of La Reunion and Martinique, and the use of airborne Doppler radars on the two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D aircraft, which regularly fly into tropical cyclones each hurricane season.
Barn Raising: Collaborative Group Process in Seminars:

In the classrooms of higher education, the seminar is a puzzling phenomenon. Most teachers understand what to do with a lecture and, usually, what causes its success or failure. But the seminar is another matter. Most instructors aren’t sure what a good one ought to look like, and, even if we did know, how to accomplish that. The problem is both technical and attitudinal. It seems intuitively clear that a seminar ought not to be a question-and-answer session, though often it is. Conversely, the implication is that it should be conversation among the students in which the participation is widespread and the teacher is just another participant, or else in some way a facilitator of the discussion. But what sort of conversation? Experience teaches that when it is not a question-and-answer session, it is either aimless drifting (“just a bull-session” in the students words) or an argument. “Well,” the reader might ask, “what’s wrong with a good argument? It keeps people on their toes, forces them to haveprepared and punishes those who haven’t thoughf through their ideas. A boxing match is fast and aggressive or it is dull. Isn’t that true of an intellectual conversation, as well?” This paper will take the position that the boxing match is not the best possible model for a seminar. “But,” our reader might reasonably object, “for two hundred years the European and American tradition of education has been that students must be challenged to sharpen their thinking. They must continually test the validity of their ideas by exposing them in combat. The classroom is a dueling school in which one’s most basic weapons are sharpened for the battle of life.”
Review and comparison among the different models for rewetting in LWR's

Abstract Rewetting of light water reactor fuel rods after a loss of coolant accident corresponds to the re-establishment of water contact with the hot surfaces. A considerable number of analytical and numerical models have been developed in order to solve the heat condition problem in the fuel pin and predict the rewetting velocity. A comparison among the existing models has been performed. Recommendations and suggestions are outlined.
Graphene: Carbon's superconducting footprint

Graphene exhibits many extraordinary properties, but superconductivity isn't one of them. Two theoretical studies suggest that by decorating the surface of graphene with the right species of dopant atoms, or by using ionic liquid gating, superconductivity could yet be induced.
The clinical identification and quantification of photodamage.

Summary The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic ageing can be made on both histological and clinical grounds. Clinical criteria associated with the diagnosis of extrinsic ageing are coarse wrinkles, actinic lentigines, elastotic conditions, purpura, telangiectasia and cutaneous neoplasms. These parameters are always superimposed on changes associated with intrinsic ageing: namely, fine wrinkles and benign growths. There is heightened interest in extrinsic ageing as a result of studies demonstrating the efficacy of topical tretinoin in improving this condition. As a consequence, systems for grading extrinsic ageing have been developed, including a photographic standard scale which removes some of the subjectivity inherent to current methodology.
Arroyo water storage and soil nutrients and their effects on gas-exchange of shrub species in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

Abstract A variable fraction of the rain falling on desert landscapes runs off and accumulates in ephemeral channels (arroyos), where some of the water is transported downslope. Relatively large amounts of water are stored in arroyo sediments. This water may support high rates of gas-exchange in some riparian species. We examined differences in the timing of flow events, soil water storage, and soil nutrients on gas-exchange rates of shrubs growing on arroyo margins and in adjacent piedmont areas in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico, USA. The semi-riparian shrub, Fallugia paradoxa (Apache plume), had very different photosynthetic rates between two arroyos, but transpiration rates did not differ. This may result from nutrient limitation differences between arroyos. At one site, the semi-riparian shrub, Prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), on arroyo margins had access to more water and showed higher rates of gas-exchange compared with non-arroyo mesquite located on nearby piedmont areas. The obligate riparian shrub, Chilopsis linearis (desert willow), had intermediate gas-exchange rates when compared with Apache plume and mesquite, and neither soil water nor nutrient concentrations appeared to affect photosynthesis during the growing season. Variation between and within arroyos was high; however, our data suggest that stored water enabled mesquite of arroyo margins to maintain relatively high rates of gas-exchange. When water was relatively abundant, nutrient availability appeared to limit photosynthetic rates of Apache plume.
Accuracy of dates beyond the 14 C dating limit using the aspartic acid racemisation reaction

RECENT evidence suggests that the racemisation reaction of aspartic acid can be used to date fossil bones1–3 (for a general review see ref. 4). At 20 °C the half life for aspartic acid racemisation is about 15,000 yr. Because the aspartic acid reaction has a longer half life than radiocarbon it can be used to date bones which are beyond the 14C dating limit (that is >40,000 yr old). Also only a few grams of bone are required for a DL-aspartic acid determination so bones which are available in insufficient quantities for radiocarbon dating can be dated from the extent of aspartic acid racemisation.
Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative Lesions

Ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions consist of a spectrum of disease entities, including reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma. No clinical or radiologic criteria facilitate a distinction among these lymphoproliferative lesions. The two hyperplastic processes may evolve to localized or systemic lymphoma. A similar pattern is evident in other mucosa-associated lymphoid tumors elsewhere in the body. Most ocular adnexal lymphomas are small lymphocytic non-Hodgkin's tumors with an indolent course; frequently, they remain localized to the ocular adnexa. In comparison, intermediate- and high-grade lymphomas are less common in the ocular adnexa but more aggressive. An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of these complex entities is suggested. Despite new pathologic classification schemes, immunophenotypic labeling, and molecular genetic analysis, the prognosis for patients with small-cell lymphoma in the ocular adnexa is difficult to predict.
A study of circumferentially-heated and block-heated heat pipes—II. Three-dimensional numerical modeling as a conjugate problem

Abstract A general three-dimensional numerical heat pipe model which includes the pipe wall, wick, and vapor flow as a conjugate heat transfer problem has been developed. The model was employed to solve for the operating characteristics of a circumferentially-heated and block-heated heat pipe. These numerical results were compared with experimental data from the heat pipe described in Part I. A good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical results was obtained for both heating modes.
Effect of aging on EGF-stimulated replication of specific genes in rat hepatocytes.

EGF-stimulated replication of specific genes was examined in primary hepatocyte cultures from mature (6 months) and senescent (24 months) rats. Basal and EGF-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation and DNA polymerase α activities, as well as total cellular DNA, were also assessed. The genes examined were dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and c-myc, as well as total mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). Although [3H]thymidine incorporation, DNA polymerase α activity, total cellular DNA, DHFR, and c-myc gene specific DNA replication stimulated by EGF are reduced with age, mt DNA replication is not affected by either EGF or age. Chromosomal DNA replication is mediated mainly by DNA polymerase α while mt DNA replication is mediated by its own DNA polymerase γ. Thus, the age-related decline in stimulated DNA replication appears to be associated mainly with the DNA polymerase α activation pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 176:32–39, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
A response eliciting computer program for the determination of total blood volume

Abstract In this paper an interactive computer program, written in BASIC, and designed for use with a dedicated pathology and hematology laboratory minicomputer, is described. With the program and a deep-well scintillation counter, it is possible to replace the relatively high-cost, single-function instruments used to obtain total blood volume.
Nutritional support in critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: The author reviews the newer nutritional substrates in use or under investigation for enteral and parenteral nutrition. Management of the critically ill patient remains a significant challenge to clinicians, and it is hoped that dietary manipulations, such as those outlined, may augment host barriers and immune function and improve survival. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The role of nutrition in patient well-being has long been recognized, but until the past 25 years, the technology to artificially provide nutrients when patients could not eat was not developed. With current, new methods for enteral and vascular access, patients can be fed nonvolitionally with little difficulty. Continued efforts have been directed toward identifying optimal feeding formulations, which have resulted in a multitude of commercially available products. In the past several years, attention has been turned to evaluation of four specialized nutrients and the use of other substrates as pharmacologic agents. METHODS: Pertinent laboratory and clinical data were reviewed to present the pros and cons for each nutritive substrate. CONCLUSIONS: Medium-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and glutamine have been shown to be of clinical benefit and should be in common use in the near future. Short-chain fatty acids still are under investigation. Albumin, vitamins E and C, arginine, glutamine, and omega-3 fatty acids show great promise as pharmacologic agents to manipulate the stress response. Nucleotides remain investigational. CONTENTS SUMMARY: The application of some new nutritional substrates for use in critically ill patients, both as caloric sources and as pharmacologic agents, are reviewed.
The potential role of sunitinib targeting melanomas

Introduction: Metastatic melanoma – independently of its cutaneous, uveal or mucosal origin – represents an exceptionally aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Molecular and genetics investigations permitted to identify several important driver mutations: BRAF, NRAS, c-Kit, GNA11 and GNAQ. Additionally, hypervascular and immunlogenic characteristics of metastatic melanoma make in this tumor a unique therapeutic target. In this regard, the antiangiogenic, antiproliferative and immunomodulator properties of sunitinib make it an attractive drug to explore in melanoma. Areas covered: In this article, the currently available data on sunitinib in terms of its pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action is summarized. The reader will also be updated on current clinical experience using this drug in the treatment of cutaneous, mucosal and uveal melanomas. Special attention is placed on the scientific rationales behind its development in melanoma including the potentiality to broadly attack receptor-tyrosine kinases...
A new species of Fusicornia risbec (Hymenoptera : Proctotrupoidea) from India

Abstract Fusicornia Risbec is first recorded from India with only one species, F. Indica, sp. nov.
Strong-Field Molecular Ionization from Multiple Orbitals

We demonstrate strong-field ionization from multiple orbitals of excited-state uracil molecules. The molecules are excited to the first bright state by an ultrafast laser pulse in the deep ultraviolet and then ionized with a strong-field laser pulse in the near infrared during ultrafast relaxation back down to the ground state. We measure time- and angle-dependent ion yields for multiple fragments created by strongfield ionization, and interpret the temporally and angularly resolved yields via ab initio electronic structure calculations. We find that the angular distribution for the electron removed from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital follows the symmetry of the molecular orbital, whereas ionization of the molecule by removing electrons from deeper bound orbitals is more complicated.
Severe Hypertrichosis of the External Ear Canal During Minoxidil Therapy

• Minoxidil is a potent peripheral vasodilator used to treat patients with severe hypertension that is unresponsive to other medications. Hypertrichosis of the forehead, face, neck, shoulders, upper part of the arms, and legs is a frequent side effect that occurs in the majority of patients that use this drug. This phenomenon appears to be due to increased blood flow to hair follicles, with resultant excessive hair growth. We describe a patient with severe hypertrichosis of the external ear canal resulting in chronic otitis externa and hearing loss. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1988;114:918-919)
Can Public Figures Have Private Lives

A rash of very public scandals, of which the behavior of President Clinton and the activities of the late Princess Diana are merely the most famous examples, has raised the question of the appropriateness of the disclosure, or the newsworthiness, of the so-called “private” lives of so-called “public” figures or “public” officials. That is the question I address in this essay.
Seafloor pressure signatures of a high-speed boat in shallow water with SPH

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) based simulations are implemented to evaluate the pressure-induced signatures on the ocean floor due to the passage of a high-speed boat in quiescent shallow water. Along with the standard WeaklyCompressible SPH (WCSPH) equations, the delta-SPH formulation is employed, which modifies the SPH continuity equation by incorporating numerical diffusion. This correction allows for a considerable reduction of the spurious oscillations characterizing pressure fields obtained with WCSPH algorithms. A simple computer model of a planing boat is developed for comparison with similar works in the literature. Simulations are performed using a parallel open-source SPH code on a high-end graphics processing unit (GPU). A convergence study on the size of the optimal computational domain is carried out, with a total number of particles per simulation ranging between 100,000 to 20,000,000. Part of the computational work is directed towards the investigation of the best set of SPH parameters to be employed in this specific study, with particular attention to the choice of a suitable kernel function, particle resolution and viscosity coefficients. Pressure contours and pressure plots at lateral locations at the seafloor are presented, showing good agreement with previous studies. It can be inferred that the SPH methodology is a suitable choice for free-surface problems, offering a good trade-off among the ease of implementation, computational efficiency and accuracy of the results. NOMENCLATURE B coefficient controlling density variations c speed of sound cs adjusted speed of sound d reference length 1.5 m Fr finite-depth Froude number u= p ghw g gravity h smoothing length hw undisturbed water depth m mass M Mach number u=c N total number of simulation particles
Post-Polio Syndrome

Post-polio syndrome is a progressive neuromuscular weakening seen with increasing frequency in the ageing survivors of polio. It is a poorly-defined constellation of symptoms, starting with tingling or muscle weakness in the arms/legs and progressing to respiratory muscles, which is often missed in its early form by family practitioners and neurologists who see these patients. This text considers the syndrome and the techniques used in its management. Current methods of respiratory management are detailed, and theories of immunologic aspects are evaluated.
Lava flows on Mars: Analysis of small surface features and comparisons with terrestrial analogs

High-resolution images of south and west Arsia Mons, eastern Tharsis, and Memnonia Fossae on Mars are analyzed. Lava flows with different types of features, such as pressure ridges, tumuli, festoon ridges, and ring ridges, are observed. The effects of these small features on the type of eruption, mode of flow emplacement, and characteristics of the terrain over which the lavas flow are examined. The development of terrestrial pressure ridges, festoon, and ring structures is discussed and they are compared to the observed Martian features. The interior viscosity of the features are calculated using the Fink and Fletcher (1978) and Fink (1980a) models; the interior viscosity was estimated as 100 MPa sec in flow margins, ponded areas, and across flow lobes. The data reveal that south of Arsia Mons, flows containing pressure ridges are emplaced as multiple flow units from sporadic low-effusion rate eruptions, and the flows at the other three areas are large sheet flows that represent basaltic flood-type volcanism.
Rheological and mechanistic characteristics of Bone Glue modified asphalt binders

Abstract Polymer modified asphalts are being used frequently in almost every part of the world, especially in developed countries. Higher initial cost of polymer modified asphalts in terms of material, energy, processing, and construction, limits its use in developing countries and in parts of developed countries. A viable and more adaptive option will be a cheaper modifier, bearing low cost of modification and exhibiting improvement in mechanistic and performance characteristics of asphalt binder. This study provides a viable option in terms of Bone Glue modified asphalt binders. Two types of asphalts were modified with varying amount of Bone Glue. Rheological and mechanistic characteristics of neat, control and Bone Glue modified were determined and analyzed. The viscosity results showed that the mixing and compaction temperatures were not significantly changed as compared to the neat one. On the other hand, complex shear modulus, shear fatigue, and creep compliance of the modified binders showed significant improvements relative to the neat and control asphalts. This implies that the Bone Glue modification will not only reduce the initial cost, but will also improve the long-term performance characteristics of pavement.
Cas1–Cas2 complex formation mediates spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity

The initial stage of CRISPR–Cas immunity involves the acquisition of foreign DNA spacer segments into the host genomic CRISPR locus. The nucleases Cas1 and Cas2 are the only proteins conserved amongst all CRISPR–Cas systems, yet the molecular functions of these proteins during immunity are unknown. Here we show that Cas1 and Cas2 from Escherichia coli form a stable complex that is essential for spacer acquisition and determine the 2.3-A resolution crystal structure of the Cas1–Cas2 complex. Mutations that perturb Cas1–Cas2 complex formation disrupt CRISPR DNA recognition and spacer acquisition in vivo. Unlike Cas1, active site mutants of Cas2 can still acquire new spacers indicating a non-enzymatic role of Cas2 during immunity. These results reveal the universal roles of Cas1 and Cas2 and suggest a mechanism by which Cas1–Cas2 complexes specify sites of CRISPR spacer integration.
On the diffusion of solute during the eutectoid and eutectic transformations, part I

Abstract The boundary value problem is formulated for the solute distributions during the constant-velocity, lamellar eutectoid and eutectic transformations. The boundary condition on the transformation interface, assumed planar, is shown to be of a non-homogeneous Cauchy type with variable coefficients. An exact solution is obtained for negligible diffusion in the transformed phase by employing Fourier analysis in the calculation of coefficients in the general solution. The eutectoid solute distribution is obtained for phase diagrams exhibiting a specified symmetry in liquidus and solidus slopes. A solute distribution for the eutectic transformation is obtained which is valid to first order in the Peclet number. This solution is shown to differ markedly from previously reported solutions obtained with approximate boundary conditions. The limitations of approximate methods are discussed. Finally, the solute distribution for a dilute ternary constituent in a binary eutectic is derived by similar methods.
Ising model with variable bond strength

Abstract The partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model with variable bond strength along one dimension is computed exactly.
Role of Protein Kinase C Isoforms in the Regulation of Interleukin-13-induced 15-Lipoxygenase Gene Expression in Human Monocytes *

We reported previously that interleukin-13 (IL-13) induces tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of Jak2 and Tyk2 kinases and Stats 1, 3, 5, and 6 in primary human monocytes. We recently revealed that p38 MAPK-mediated serine phosphorylation of both Stat1 and Stat3 is required for the induction of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) expression by IL-13. In this study, we present data indicating that another serine/threonine kinase, PKCδ, is also required for IL-13-induced 15-LO expression. PKCδ, a member of the novel protein kinase C (PKC) subclass, was rapidly phosphorylated and activated upon exposure to IL-13. Treatment of cells with rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, blocked IL-13-induced 15-LO mRNA and protein expression, whereas Go6976, an inhibitor of the conventional PKC subclass, had no inhibitory effects. Down-regulation of cellular PKCδ protein levels by PKCδ-specific antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides also inhibited 15-LO expression markedly. IL-13-induced 15-LO expression resulted in significant inhibition of synthesis of the potent chemotactic factor leukotriene B4, and that process was reversed by rottlerin, presumably through the blockage of PKCδ-dependent 15-LO expression. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that IL-13-mediated activation of PKCδ and p38 MAPK are independent pathways, because inhibition of one kinase activity had no effect on the other, suggesting that the two pathways act in parallel to regulate the downstream targets necessary for 15-LO expression. Inhibition of PKCδ activation by rottlerin also markedly attenuated IL-13-induced Stat3 DNA binding activity. Our findings indicate that PKCδ plays an important role in regulating IL-13-induced 15-LO expression in human monocytes and subsequently modulates the inflammatory responses mediated by 15-LO products.
Location awareness through trajectory prediction

Abstract Location-aware computing is a type of ubiquitous computing that uses user’s location information as an essential parameter for providing services and application-related optimization. Location management plays an important role in location-aware computing because the provision of services requires convenient access to dynamic location and location-dependent information. Many existing location management strategies are passive since they rely on system capability to periodically record current location information. In contrast, active strategies predict user movement through trajectories and locations. Trajectory prediction provides richer location and context information and facilitates the means for adapting to future locations. In this paper, we present two models for trajectory prediction, namely probability-based model and learning-based model. We analyze these two models and conduct experiments to test their performances in location-aware systems.