cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
178 THE ROLE OF SONIC HEDGEHOG IN THE INDUCTION OF CHICK LIMB REGENERATION/REDEVELOPMENT.

Limb outgrowth is initiated and maintained by the secretion of FGFs in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), tightly linked to progressive limb pattern formation regulated by SHH emanating from the posteriorly positioned zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). The reciprocal induction of SHH and FGF during limb development has been termed the SHH-FGF loop. Amputation of a chick wing bud during early development results in removal of the AER and the ZPA with truncation of the distal limb. Addition of FGF to the posterior, but not the anterior, stump immediately after amputation induces tissue regeneration and reactivates development of the distal limb structures. SHH expression is up-regulated adjacent to posteriorly applied FGF-soaked beads but not anterior applied FGF and correlates with regenereative capacity. We wondered whether SHH was sufficient to induce regenerative capacity. To determine the role of SHH in limb regenerative capacity, we amputated developing wings (HH stage 23) and ectopically expressed SHH by confined microeclectroporation (CMEP) in the anterior and posterior stump margins in the presence or absence of FGF-soaked beads. Embryos were harvested at day 10 (6 days after amputation) and the limb morphology analyzed by alcian green staining of the skeletal elements. In other experiments, chicks were harvested 30 to 40 hours after electroporation, and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WMISH) to FGF4 was used to identify any ectopic ectodermal FGF expression. Ectopic expression of SHH in the posterior stump alone could not reestablish segmented limb development. In contrast, expression of ectopic SHH in the anterior stump induced segmented regeneration/redevelopment in the absence of FGF (9/20 ≈ 40%). However, WMISH for FGF4 identified ectopic FGF4 expression in the ectoderm overlying ectopic anterior SHH expression, indicating the local presence of both factors. Thus, it appears that both SHH and FGF are required to regenerate lost tissue and initiate redevelopment. Our data suggest that SHH induces both positive and negative regulators of FGF expression. Initial SHH expression in naive limb mesoderm (anterior stump cells) up-regulates FGFs in the overlying ectoderm, while cells with prior exposure to SHH (posterior stump cells) no longer have the ability to up-regulate FGF in response to SHH. This shutdown of the SHH-FGF-loop, overcome in amphibian regeneration, may be a critical step in promoting mammalian limb regeneration.
A radioreceptor assay for human chorionic gonadotropin in normal and abnormal pregnancies: A clinical evaluation

The human chorionic gonadotropin-radioreceptor assay (hCG-RRA) offers a rapid and accurate method of diagnosing early and abnormal pregnancies. Such a method is described along with clinical correlations in 139 assays done on 122 patients with amenorrhea, normal pregnancies, infertility, trophoblastic disease, ectopic pregnancies, and missed or incomplete abortions. The accuracy of the test is correlated with weeks of amenorrhea, weeks after ovulation, and clinical diagnoses. The overall accuracy of the assay was 95%. Those performed more than 28 days after the last menstrual period had an accuracy of 96.4%. There were no errors in the diagnosis of eight ectopic pregnancies among 33 suspected cases. Three patients are described who had serial changes from negative to positive early in pregnancy, providing data on precise timing of a positive result. Cases of missed abortion sometimes demonstrate a positive hCG-RRA after documented fetal loss. Recommendations for the most appropriate use of the hCG-RRA are presented based on the clinical experience at one referral center during the period January, 1977, to June, 1978.
THE CALORIC COST OF PLAYING HANDBALL.

Abstract The metabolic cost of playing handball was studied on four players of varying experience playing against each other. The estimations of caloric cost were made through gas samples collected and metered through a Kofranyi-Michaelis meter strapped to the subject, but allowing complete freedom of movement during the game. It was demonstrated that the oxygen consumption of a player is affected by his own ability and that of his opponent; it is largest when he is the inferior player and smallest when he is superior. Therefore, in order to keep fit through playing handball, a prime requirement is that the individual should play an opponent of either superior or equal ability.
Adapting to the New World of Pharmacy Economics

This article is one in a series written by APhA elected officers and staff discussing issues crztlcal to the future practice of pharmacy. Unless otherwise stated in the text, the remarks. are not to be interpreted as necessarily reflecting Association policy or opinion. Reader response to these articles is welcomed.
Influences of LRT on travel behaviour: A retrospective study on movers in Minneapolis:

Following scant evidence for the effects of proximity to rail transit on car use, we pinpoint the impacts of rail transit and neighbourhood characteristics on both transit and car use in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. We apply the structural equations modelling approach on 597 residents who moved into the Hiawatha Light Rail Transit (LRT) corridor after it opened. The analysis is based on a self-administrated survey where all attributes of the built environment and transit quality are perceived measures. Using a quasi-longitudinal design to compare the behaviour of movers into the Hiawatha and control corridors, we found that the Hiawatha LRT acts as both a catalyst and a magnet. Movers into the Hiawatha corridor experience transit improvement, which increases transit use and reduces car use. The LRT also enables transit-liking people who were unable to realise their preference previously to relocate near the LRT. However, the LRT has no significant effects on changes in car ownership.
Melting experiments on komatiite analog compositions at 5 GPa

The results of multi-anvil melting experiments are reported for a wide range of komatiite analog mixes with compositions in the system CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe 2 O 3 + or -Fe 0 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 at 5 GPa (CMAS and CMFAS+ or -Fe 0 ). The liquidus crystallization fields for olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and garnet were mapped out, as were their intersections at various cotectics and invariant points. For the assemblage L+Ol+Opx+Cpx+Gt, the compositions of liquids at the invariant point in CMAS and at several pseudoinvariant points in CMFAS were determined to within + or -0.50 wt% (1sigma ). The effect of FeO is to expand the liquidus crystallization fields in the following relative ways: garnet at the expense of all other crystallizing phases, pyroxenes at the expense of olivine, and clinopyroxene at the expense of orthopyroxene. The results reported here are in excellent agreement with previous determinations (Fujii et al. 1989; Herzberg 1992; Tronnes et al. 1992), but the uncertainties are much lower. It is demonstrated that the multi-anvil apparatus is capable of yielding crystal-liquid phase-equilibrium information at 5 GPa with an accuracy that is comparable to those at lower pressures.
Control of adipocyte differentiation by CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα (C/EBPα)

Upon differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes transcription of many adipose-specific genes is coordinately activated. A differentiation-induced factor, later identified as C/EBPα, binds to and transactivates the promoters of these genes. Vector-directed expression of antisense C/EBPα RNA in preadipocytes blocked expression of C/EBPα, as well as adipose-specific mRNAs, and also prevented cytoplasmic triglyceride accumulation. Rescue of the 'adipocyte phenotype' was accomplished by transfection of the antisense cells with a complementary sense C/EBPα RNA expression vector. Using an IPTG-inducible double-vector LacSwitch C/EBPα expression system, it was found that differentiation can be induced without exogenous hormone inducers. These findings indicate that C/EBPα is not only required, but is sufficient, to trigger differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The C/EBPα gene promoter possesses a C/EBP binding site through which C/EBPα autoactivates its own expression. A nuclear protein referred to as CUP (C/EBP undifferentiated protein) that binds to a bipartite element in the C/EBPα promoter just 5' to the C/EBP binding site has been purified and characterized. During differentiation of preadipocytes, expression of CUP activity decreases as expression of C/EBPα increases. Evidence suggests that a CUP-containing protein complex bridges between the CUP (repression) and C/EBP (autoactivation) elements in the promoter and may maintain the C/EBPα gene in the repressed state prior to differentiation.
Transcription from Different Promoters Maintains Expression of the Glutamine Synthetase Structural Gene in Anabaena Growing on Ammonia or Fixing Nitrogen

We have been interested in the regulatory circuits controlling transcription of the genes for nitrogen fixation and assimilation in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Glutamine synthetase (coded by the glnA gene) is a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation in all organisms. In the heterocyst-forming Anabaena 7120, nitrogen reduced to ammonia by nitrogenase is incorporated into glutamine by glutamine synthetase. The glutamine is then transported into the vegetative cells to serve in the biosynthesis of various metabolites. Glutamine synthetase is needed whether Anabaena cells are growing on ammonia or fixing nitrogen; thus the enzyme is present in the vegetative cells as well as in the heterocysts.
The General Setting and Historical Background of Norwegian Migration to the United States

The prevailing attitude of the Norwegian government and official state Church towards Norwegian emigration during the first half of the nineteenth century held that the movement was both harmful to the emigrant and harmful to Norway. The Church believed that the United States was a spiritual desert, and thus, a direct threat to the salvation of the emigrants. The Norwegian government, on the other hand, utilized rising feelings of nationalism to instill a chauvinistic element in its opposition.1 Both State and Church relied heavily on emotional appeals to prospective emigrants and attempted to discourage them by means of newspapers, pamphlets, and sermons. It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of this anti-emigration agitation during the early period of Norwegian emigration because of the lack of reliable statistics.2
Chapter 13 – Action (VF) → (*) ← Object (NO) Based Processors and Machines

Chapter Summary In this chapter we assert that every aspect of human existence has some form of actions associated with it. Actions originate and terminate at generic knowledge centric objects including life forms. Being innately intelligent and energy efficient, the life forms weigh and consider action to derive the maximal utility from every action. The maximization of the derived marginal utility leads to selective pairing between actions (VFs) and objects (NOs) and also between objects (NOs) and verbs (VFs). If this optimal pairing is generically represented as a convolution or *, then every transaction of every sort will have the form (VF) → (*) ← (NO) where the arrows indicate a time sequence. Any transaction defined as a stimulus followed by a response will have a symbolic representation NO1→ VF*12→ NO2 and NO2→ VF*21 → NO1, where NO1 initiates an action VF12 directed to NO2, (i.e., NO1 → VF*12 → NO2) followed by a response from NO2 to NO1 (i.e., NO2 → VF*21 → NO1). Numerous transactions lead to an event and numerous events lead to a relation as R12 between NO1 and NO2, and bilaterally R21 between NO2 and NO1. All relations are not symmetrical and R12 may not have the same profile as R21. In computer environments, the nature and characteristics of all elements of transactions will be analyzed and appropriately matches to the objects. The relationships will be customized and relationships can thus be analyzed and navigated by intelligent machines. Guided activities converge toward being meaningful and significant will be differentiated from being haphazard divergent actions as being trivial and expendable by any user selected scoring algorithms. Interactions are thus made goal directed and profitable based on the user traits and preferences. Social and cultural machines will thus be useful to build good or bad relationship profile between individuals and between cultures. These machines or devices will carry some predictable trends and offer the users corrective measures if the direction of goal is being overwhelmed by insignificant transactions and events. If a lifetime is viewed as a series of significant events, then the knowledge machines will navigate the activities of the objects toward constructing such events and experiences that contribute to the individual, social, and cultural betterment.
Thermally activated deformation of metals

The dynamic nature of the plastic deformation of metals and its relation to specific thermally activated dislocation mechanisms are discussed. Experimental techniques for evaluating the deformation parameters needed to identify the rate-controlling dislocation mechanism are described. The mechanisms that appear to be controlling in various temperature ranges are listed. Such fundamental lattice properties as the force-distant curve for a thermally activated process, the energy of a dislocation kink or of a jog, the stacking-fault energy, and the activation energy for self diffusion are indicated to be derivable from macroscopic mechanical property data.
The Study of Islam and Muslim Communities in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Americas: the State of the Field

This essay offers a brief review of existent literature in the field of Islamic studies in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Americas focusing on its main themes and suggesting some areas for further consideration and research. The essay makes theoretical suggestions for where scholars could inject their energy and efforts to advance this unfolding field of study. These theoretical considerations suggest that more work could be done in expanding the field in its engagement with prevalent theories in the field of global Islamic studies and those that treat the Americas as a geography of dynamic hemispheric engagement and encounter. Essentially, the paper argues that there is still a necessity to explore the tensions, interactions, frictions, and collaborations across and at the boundaries between the global umma and the American assabiya, between the global and the local, and between immigrant communities and the growing number of regional converts. Finally, the author suggests some practical considerations that may prove beneficial to the field’s advancement.
Redskins: The Property Right to Racism

Everyone has an opinion, from President Obama to Matthew McConaughey, about the Washington football team name. This Article comprehensively analyzes the legal and social issues surrounding the mascot controversy. I focus my inquiry on the interaction of trademark law and Indian law. I offer three primary contributions in this Article. First, the current mainstream conception of harm caused by the team name is subjective, and I argue that the harm caused by the team name and logo is objective, testable, and demonstrable. Psychological research shows that these images harm Native people. Second, the remedies offered by the Lanham Act are wholly inadequate. Under section 2(a) of the Act, “disparaging” trademarks are subject to cancellation of federal registration benefits. This does little to economically affect the value of the trademark, thereby having no bearing on changing the name. Finally, I suggest a legislative solution that applies real economic pressure to change the team name. Utilizing the tool of express federal preemption, I suggest an approach that directly undermines the economic value of the trademark by precluding trademark infringement suits against unlicensed users of the trademark. This creates real pressure to change the name. Ultimately, this issue directly confronts the doctrinal inquiry into the extent of property rights in intellectual property forms.
The Eastern Revolution: From the Vedas to Buddhism, Jainism, and the Upanishads

In this essay, I examine the Indian religious traditions associated with the Vedas (India’s oldest religious literature), the philosophical commentary of the Upaniṣads and the teachings of the non-dualistic Advaita Vedānta school, and the heterodox traditions of Buddhism and Jainism. I will focus on notions of imitation, desire, and sacrifice, with the idea that these aspects of the traditions are the best place to look for intersections with Girard’s work.
PROCESSES OF FORMATION AND RETROGRESSION OF SCOURIAN GRANULITES

Partial melting of Scourian gneisses during the 2.7Ga Badcallian granulite facies metamorphism produced H2O undersaturated granitic to trondhjemitic melts. During cooling, melts which remained ir the complex crystallized and the residual liquids became richer in H2O until water-rich fluids were exsolved at 620–700°C. These fluids probably caused the Inverian retrogression which commenced at around 650°C. This proposition is supported by the correlation of areas which contain abundant neosomes and regions which underwent the highest degrees of retrogression. Pegmatites representing H2O-rich residual liquids were intruded during the later stages of cooling as predicted by viscosity and separation velocity calculations. During prograde metamorphism, most volatiles probably were located in the mineral phases. Anatexis at the peak of metamorphism transferred volatiles (especially H2O) into the melts. On cooling, fluids were formed which rehydrated the minerals.
The evolution of disturbances in shear flows at high Reynolds numbers

Etude de la propagation de perturbations du type onde dans des ecoulements cisailles. L'analyse montre que la tridimensionnalite peut dominer le processus d'evolution
Differential diagnosis of integumentary and mucous membrane lesions. Neoplasia or inflammation

Lesions occurring on the skin and mucous membranes of domestic animals often present both diagnostic challenges and diagnostic confusion. One of the most common causes of confusion is inflammatory lesions that can be mistaken for neoplasia and vice versa. This confusion may emanate from intrinsic biologic variability, histopathologic interpretation, secondary alterations subsequent to inflammation or necrosis, or sampling errors and omission of pertinent information by the clinician. Some diagnostic problems associated with diagnoses of granulomatous inflammation, mesenchymal neoplasia, mast cell tumors, and squamous cell carcinomas are presented, and selected specific differential diagnoses associated with diagnostic problems are discussed.
Reconstructing the Life Cycle and the Feeding of Ancestral Vertebrates

One goal of this symposium is to examine the earliest evolution of the vertebrates. This problem can be approached from an ecological perspective, by considering possible habitats and feeding modes of ancestral Paleozoic fish. This chapter will expand and re-evaluate some ideas put forth recently (Mallatt, 1984b). It deals with the initial vertebrate adaptive radiation, which occurred between the Cambrian and the Devonian periods, from about 550 to 375 million years ago. Fossil documentation of this radiation is fragmentary, so extant animals and habitats must be used to help interpret their Paleozoic ancestors and analogues. Except for its latest phase, this earliest radiation of fishes was probably confined to shallow marine environments (Denison, 1956; Spjeldnaes, 1967; Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson, 1977; Repetski, 1978; Darby, 1982). The fossil record, while incomplete, is unambiguous on this point: there are no demonstrably freshwater fossil vertebrates known until the late Silurian (Denison, 1956).
Assessment of chronic pain in children: Current status and emerging topics

The present paper reviews the current status of research on assessment of chronic pain in children and adolescents, primarily in the context of treatment outcome research. Two specific primary aims are addressed. First, the degree of attention devoted to several major domains of chronic pain assessment (pain, physical functioning, role functioning, sleep and emotional functioning) is summarized, highlighting areas where further instrument development and validation are needed. Second, sensitivity of instruments within these domains is presented using data from clinical trials of psychological therapies aimed at treatment of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Findings demonstrate that although there has been recent progress in developing and validating a range of measures of pain-related outcomes, as of yet, very few clinical trials have included any outcomes other than pain intensity. Moreover, in randomized controlled trials where physical, role or emotional functioning outcomes have been included, there have been limited positive findings. The present paper lists some challenges and future directions in assessment of physical and role functioning, including highlighting emerging methodologies for assessment of physical activity and function in children with chronic pain. Clinical implications of integrating assessment tools into clinical practice are discussed. In conclusion, progress in developing and validating specific tools to assess important outcome domains in chronic pain has been realized. Opportunities exist for further measurement validation in most domains, and further theory-driven treatment research to match goals of the treatment with specific interventions and outcomes.
Defining the Community College Model

Despite recent advances for countries to offer compulsory secondary education, traditional universities have not altered their structure to respond to the social demands for higher education. University admittance remains limited and therefore highly competitive. Fifteen years ago, Cerych (1993 p. 5) noted that “the existence of a recognized alternative to traditional universities [is] indispensable." Today, this alternative pathway has become the domain of the community college model which not only offers options for university overflow, but offers a “second chance” for non-traditional students to achieve a higher education. These institutions maintain a flexibility characteristic that enables them to idealize and demonstrate in a practical way the means by which new generations can receive skills to ensure a stable employment that in turn increases economic development, social prosperity and improves social conditions.
[3] Protein and peptide microsequencing: Applications in neuroscience and receptor research

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses applications of protein and peptide microsequencing in neuroscience and receptor research. The first receptor-cloning projects relied on screening cyclic DNA (cDNA) libraries by hybridization with oligonucleotide mixtures synthesized on the basis of partial amino acid sequence data obtained from receptor polypeptides eluted from one-dimensional electrophoresis (1DE) gels and chemically or enzymatically fragmented. The primary structures of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, sodium channels, subunits of the major neurotransmitter receptors for glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were obtained this way. Later, a higher resolution technique for complex protein mixtures, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), is married to these two technologies—that is, peptide microsequencing and cDNA cloning, with the demonstration that N-terminal sequences of proteins blotted to sequencer stable membrane supports could be routinely obtained. If a protein is already damaged during purification then all the precautions recommended for the subsequent electrophoresis steps are superfluous. There are a few general guidelines that are common to all purification procedures whether involving fractionation by centrifugation, chromatography, or other techniques.
Electrospinning of tri-acetyl-β-cyclodextrin (TA-β-CD) functionalized low-density polyethylene to minimize sulfur odor volatile compounds

Abstract The study explored a new odor control method using Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and Triacetyl- β-cyclodextrin (TA-β-CD) functionalized fiber mat. The odor control system was prepared using an electrospinning process. Based on the image obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the fiber diameter of the pure LDPE and TA-β-CD loaded LDPE fibers were found about 1.31–4.92 μm, depending on the TA-β-CD concentration. The presence of TA-β-CD in the fibered film mat was verified using FTIR. Hydrophobicity of the fiber mat was measured by water contact angle (WCA). The result indicates a slight inverse relationship between WCA and TA-β-CD concentration after 5% loading. Finally, the odors absorbing effectiveness of this system was examined using GC–MS. Three target sulfur odor compounds, including dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon disulfide (CDS), were effectively removed using the TA-β-CD functionalized LDPE fiber mat. Especially, the reduction of DMDS was up to 90.33%. The result suggested that tailoring electrospun LDPE and TA-β-CD fiber mat has a strong potential to be used as an active packaging material to develop the off-odor removal system for food or healthcare packaging application.
Ultra-Early (<12 Hours) Surgery Correlates With Higher Rate of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale Conversion After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

BACKGROUND Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with very few treatment options. It remains unclear if early surgery correlated with conversion of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A injuries to higher grades. OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal time to surgery after cervical SCI through retrospective analysis. METHODS We collected data from 48 patients with cervical SCI. Based on the time from Emergency Department (ED) presentation to surgical decompression, we grouped patients into ultra-early (decompression within 12 h of presentation), early (within 12-24 h), and late groups (>24 h). We compared the improvement in AIS grade from admission to discharge, controlling for confounding factors such as AIS grade on admission, injury severity, and age. The mean time from injury to ED for this group of patients was 17 min. RESULTS Patients who received surgery within 12 h after presentation had a relative improvement in AIS grade from admission to discharge: the ultra-early group improved on average 1.3. AIS grades compared to 0.5 in the early group (P = .02). In addition, 88.8% of patients with an AIS grade A converted to a higher grade (AIS B or better) in the ultra-early group, compared to 38.4% in the early and late groups (P = .054). CONCLUSION These data suggest that surgical decompression after SCI that takes place within 12 h may lead to a relative improved neurological recovery compared to surgery that takes place after 12 h.
African American ancestry contribution to asthma and atopic dermatitis

Abstract Objective Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are complex diseases with striking disparities across racial and ethnic groups, which may be partly attributable to genetic factors. Here we summarize current knowledge from asthma and AD genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and pharmacogenetic studies in African ancestry populations. Data Sources GWAS catalog; PUBMed. Study Selections GWAS catalog studies with trait annotations “asthma” and “atopic eczema” and African ancestry individuals in the discovery dataset; the recent CAAPA asthma GWAS; reports on pharmacogenetic studies in asthma and AD. Results Although GWASs have revolutionized gene discovery for multiple complex traits, African Americans continue to be severely underrepresented in sufficiently powered genetics studies. Indeed, of the 16 asthma and 21 AD loci that reached genomewide significance in Europeans, very few have replicated in African ancestry populations. Challenges in comparing results from European vs African ancestry cohorts include modest sample size, differences in risk allele frequency, effect size, correlation between genetic variants, and environmental exposure in evolutionary history. African Americans also constitute a small percentage of dermatological and respiratory-focused clinical trials. Pharmacogenetic studies have similarly been focused largely on non-Hispanic whites, despite compelling evidence that genetic variation from different ancestral backgrounds may alter therapeutic efficacy of asthma and AD drugs. Conclusion Large-scale genetic studies of asthma and AD in African Americans are essential to reduce research and health disparities and empower scientific discoveries.
Corticobasal syndrome with visual hallucinations and probable REM-sleep behavior disorder: an autopsied case report of a patient with CBD and LBD pathology.

Corticobasal syndrome and dementia with Lewy bodies are clinical presentations with unique and overlapping features but distinct pathological substrates. We report the case of an 80 year-ol...
Nursing Home Residents by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: Characteristics, Dementia Diagnoses, and Antipsychotic Use.

Objectives Given an aging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population, we aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV for long-stay residents in US nursing homes (NHs) between 2001 and 2010 and to compare characteristics and diagnoses of HIV-positive (HIV+) and negative (HIV-) residents. Also, for residents with dementia diagnoses, we compared antipsychotic (APS) medication receipt by HIV status. Design A cross-sectional comparative study. Setting NHs in the 14 states accounting for 75% of persons living with HIV. Participants A total of 9 245 009 long-stay NH residents. Measurements Using Medicaid fee-for-service claims data in the years 2001 to 2010, together with Medicare resident assessment and Chronic Condition Warehouse data, we identified long-stay (more than 89 days) NH residents by HIV status and dementia presence. We examined dementia presence by age groups and APS medication receipt by younger (aged younger than 65 years) vs older (aged 65 years or older) residents, using logistic regression. Results Between 2001 and 2010, the prevalence of long-stay residents with HIV in NHs increased from 0.7% to 1.2%, a 71% increase. Long-stay residents with HIV were younger and less often female or white. For younger NH residents, rates of dementia were 20% and 16% for HIV+ and HIV- residents, respectively; they were 53% and 57%, respectively, for older residents. In adjusted analyses, younger HIV+ residents with dementia had greater odds of APS medication receipt than did HIV- residents (AOR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-1.4), but older HIV residents had lower odds (AOR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.8-0.9). Conclusion The prevalence of long-stay HIV+ NH residents has increased over time, and given the rapid aging of the HIV population, this increase is likely to have continued. This study raises concern about potential differential quality of care for (younger) residents with HIV in NHs, but not for those aged 65 years and older. These findings contribute to the evidence base needed to ensure high-quality care for younger and older HIV+ residents in NHs.
Lack of associations between dietary intake and gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder

Background: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but their etiology is currently unknown. Dietary interventions are common in children and adolescents with ASD, including diets with increased omega-3 fatty acids or diets free of gluten and/or casein, which may also impact GI symptoms and nutrition. However, little is known about the relationship between nutritional intake and GI symptomatology in ASD. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between GI symptoms, omega-3 intake, micronutrients, and macronutrients in children with ASD. Methods: A total of 120 children diagnosed with ASD participated in this multisite study. A food frequency questionnaire was completed by the patient's caretaker. The USDA Food Composition Database was utilized to provide nutritional data for the food items consumed by each participant. GI symptomatology was assessed using a validated questionnaire on pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: There were no significant associations between GI symptoms and the amount of omega-3 fatty acids and/or other micro- and macronutrients contained in the diet. Conclusions: This study suggests that dietary variations do not appear to drive GI symptoms, nor do GI symptoms drive dietary variations in those with ASD, although causation cannot be determined with this observational assessment. Furthermore, there may be other factors associated with lower GI tract symptoms in ASD, such as increased stress response.
Experimental outdoor performance evaluation of photovoltaic plant in a Sahara environment (Algerian desert)

This paper present the experimental study of the pilot photovoltaic plant installed in the desert environment in the region of Ghardaia (32.26N°, 03.46E°) per season and per sky condition (sunny, p...
Kinematic Waves in Vertical Sand Columns

Abstract Waves of bulk density change in vertical columns of sand are modeled as kinematic waves. A flow-concentration curve for sand movement in a vertical column is developed and shown to be similar to flow concentration curves for traffic flow on long crowded roads. As an application of kinematic wave theory, the speed of a strong rarefaction wave in a sand column is obtained.
Aspirational and High-Achieving Latino College Men Who Strive “Por Mi Madre”: Toward a Proposed Model of Maternal Cultural Wealth:

This article builds upon Yosso’s Community Cultural Wealth framework to propose a Latinidad model of Maternal Cultural Wealth (MCW). Drawing from the experiences of Latinos whose persistence motiva...
Association Between Perceived Skin Cancer Risk Reduction and Sunscreen Use.

Background Understanding factors that influence people to use sunscreen would allow clinicians to counsel patients in a way that is influential. Perceived efficacy of sunscreen has been associated with sunscreen use, but it is unclear whether the degree of efficacy is important. Objective To determine whether larger perceived efficacy of sunscreen (larger skin cancer risk reduction) is associated with increased sunscreen use. Materials and methods A cohort of 131 patients with a history of skin cancer visiting a Mohs micrographic surgery center were surveyed. Results Participants believed sunscreen would reduce their risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by 61.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 56.4-65.9), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by 59.4% (95% CI = 54.6-64.2), and melanoma by 59.5% (95% CI = 54.8-64.3). Perceived magnitude of risk reduction of BCC, SCC, and melanoma was significant independent predictors of sunscreen use (BCC: odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-11.2, p = .04. Squamous cell carcinoma: OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0-7.6, p = .05. Melanoma: OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.8-14.2, p = .002). Conclusion Larger perceived skin cancer (BCC, SCC, and melanoma) risk reduction was associated with increased sunscreen use.
Electro-Thermal Model for Thermal Disturbance in Cross-Point Phase-Change Memory

We developed an electro-thermal model for cross-point phase-change memory (X-PCM) and compared the calculation values with the experimental results. In order to simulate the electro-thermal phenomenon such as thermal disturbance (TDB) of victim cells and reset the current ( ${I}_{{\text {RESET}}}$ ) of aggressor cells in a fully confined cross-point structure, a three by three mini-array was constructed with the finite-elemental method. Unlike the conventional thermal model, which only shows the temperature gradient for TDB, our new model can predict the crystallization behavior of victim cells by combining the crystallization model for nucleation and growth. This makes it possible to compare the calculation results with the experimental ones through the crystalline fraction of the victim cell. The simulation results clearly reveal that our new model can closely estimate the victim cell’s crystalline fraction for TDB, with the variation of both pulse height (PH) and pulse width (PW) during the RESET operation. Applying the confirmed model for devices of smaller dimensions shows that TDB increases as the device scales down. The increase of TDB is particularly severe as cells become smaller than 16 nm. We suggest that TDB can be reduced not only by decreasing the thermal conductivity ( $\kappa $ ) of the interlayer dielectric (ILD), but also by minimizing the PW of the aggressor.
Setbacks in Forehead Feminization Cranioplasty: A Systematic Review of Complications and Patient-Reported Outcomes

Forehead feminization cranioplasty (FFC) is an important component of gender-affirming surgery and has become increasingly popular in recent years. Little objective evidence exists for the procedure’s safety and clinical impact via patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). To determine what complications are observed following FFC, the relative frequency of complications by surgical technique, and what impact the procedure has on patient’s quality of life. Database searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO. The search terms included variations of forehead setback/FFC. Both controlled vocabularies (i.e., MeSH and CINAHL’s Suggested Subject Terms) and keywords in the title or abstract fields were searched. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of all articles. Two independent surgeon reviewers evaluated the full text of all included articles, and relevant data points were extracted. Complications and complication rate observed following FFC. Additional outcome measures were the approach utilized, concurrent procedures performed, and the use and findings of a PROM. Ten articles describing FFC were included, encompassing 673 patients. The overall pooled complication rate was 1.3%. PROMs were used in half of studies, with no standardization among studies. Complications following FFC are rare and infrequently require reoperation. Further studies into standardized and validated PROMs in facial feminization patients are warranted. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Bone Marrow Involvement by Lymphoid Neoplasms

Bone marrow is the most common site of extranodal involvement in lymphoid neoplasms, and evaluation of bone marrow is an important process in the work-up of patients with lymphoma. Different lymphomas often demonstrate characteristic infiltration patterns in the bone marrow. Familiarity with patterns of marrow involvement can help in the differentiation of reactive and neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates as well as the subclassification of lymphomas in the bone marrow. This chapter summarizes the key pathological features of common mature B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphomas in the bone marrow, discusses the diagnostic challenges, and emphasizes the importance of integration of morphologic findings with the results of ancillary studies and clinical context in the evaluation of bone marrow involvement by lymphoid neoplasms.
Comparison of squeezed convolutional neural network models for eyeglasses detection in mobile environment

Eyeglasses detection represents an important step for glasses removal. In addition, eyeglasses cause real problems for ocular and facial recognition due to glasses reflection, shadow, and frame occlusion. This paper describes a comparative study for eyeglasses frame detection using different convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structures that have been applied on two different regions of interest (ROI), namely, Frame Bridge and extended ocular region. The best CNN model obtained an overall accuracy of 99.96% for ROI consisting of Frame Bridge.
The role of heat-shock proteins, in vector-virus transmission

Abstract Vector-transmitted viruses must survive the hostile environment inside their vectors. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play a role in increasing, or decreasing, virus transmission. GroHp (an HSP60-homolog) is produced by the vector’s endosymbionts. Interaction between GroHp and virus coat protein (CP) facilitates transmission. GroHps produced by the endosymbionts of a certain vector are hypothesized to be specific for the protection and transmission of the virus transmitted by that vector. Interrupting the interaction between the virus’s CP and GroHp can reduce virus population. An insect vector has its own chaperonins in addition to those from its endosymbionts. HSP70 can interfere with the translocation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from the vector’s midgut to the hemolymph. Decreasing the amount of HSP70 in the vector led to an increase in virus transmission. HSP homologs p27, p61, and p65, are produced by the Citrus tristeza virus and can bind to the foregut of their aphid vectors and possibly play a role in transmission.
Dysfunctional telomeres trigger cellular senescence mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

Defective DNA damage response (DDR) signaling is a common mechanism that initiates and maintains the cellular senescence phenotype. Dysfunctional telomeres activate DDR signaling, genomic instability, and cellular senescence, but the links among these events remains unclear. Here, using an array of biochemical and imaging techniques, including a highly regulatable CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to induce DNA double strand breaks specifically in the telomeres, ChIP, telomere immunofluorescence, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), micronuclei imaging, and the telomere shortest length assay (TeSLA), we show that chromosome mis-segregation due to imperfect DDR signaling in response to dysfunctional telomeres creates a preponderance of chromatin fragments in the cytosol, which leads to a premature senescence phenotype. We found that this phenomenon is caused not by telomere shortening, but by cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizing cytosolic chromatin fragments and then activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and downstream interferon signaling. Significantly, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of cGAS not only attenuated immune signaling, but also prevented premature cellular senescence in response to dysfunctional telomeres. The findings of our study uncover a cellular intrinsic mechanism involving the cGAS-mediated cytosolic self-DNA–sensing pathway that initiates premature senescence independently of telomere shortening.
Medical Library Association Diversity and Inclusion Task Force 2019 Survey Report

Objective: The goal of this survey by the Medical Library Association (MLA) Diversity and Inclusion Task Force was to have a better understanding of the demographics of the association as well as ascertain how the membership feels about MLA’s diversity efforts. Methods: A survey was created with the input of both task force members as well as MLA professional staff. It was administered via SurveyMonkey and distributed through email over the course of two weeks in October 2019. Results: The demographics portion of the survey—beyond asking the usual questions about race or ethnicity (72% white), age (65% between 30 and 59), and so on—also asked questions that were more specific to diversity including, but not limited to, gender representation (79% female), sexuality (67% heterosexual), military service (97% have never served), ability (26% have anxiety sometimes or in certain situations), and college financial aid (49% used federal student loans). Diversity-specific questions asked about diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the association: 59% strongly agreed or agreed that MLA has a strong commitment to DEI; 54% felt that the amount of time that association was spending on DEI issues was just about right; and 56% were very satisfied or satisfied with the DEI environment at MLA. Members also reported feeling like they belonged in MLA (59%), they were treated with respect (77%), and they were valued by MLA (59%) Conclusion: The survey paints a picture of the membership that is much deeper than any previously conducted membership survey. It shows the diversity of membership, especially in terms of ability and religion. Generally, the membership feels that MLA is right on target with the level of focus that MLA is giving issues of diversity. This survey reinforces the diversity work that has been done and supports diversity work in MLA in the future.
Informing timeshare exchange services on the drivers of customer-driven co-production

Abstract Given the continued growth of the timeshare segment and its unique characteristics as an owned leisure lodging product, adopting a service-dominant logic and developing opportunities for co-creation is highly relevant for companies that provide services to this industry. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to explore the drivers that lead to customer-driven co-production in timeshare exchange services, due to the popularity of this option among consumers owning timeshare. Our results indicate that interaction between timeshare owners as customers of the exchange company is a significant driver of customer-driven co-production. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore customer-driven co-production in the timeshare industry. Moreover, our findings are highly significant for timeshare exchange companies and point them to potential areas of improvement in their service processes that could lead to higher customer-driven co-production and, consequently, more valuable experiences.
Harvesting blue energy with carbon electrodes of asymmetric nanopore distributions

Abstract Extracting the Gibbs free energy from natural water salination, a.k.a. the blue energy, has attracted a long-standing, global interest. While pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are by far the most studied methods for such a purpose, the concept of using the capacitive electrode response for blue energy harvesting has been shown to offer unique advantages. Despite that porous electrodes are predominately used in capacitive methods, the role of pore properties in energy extraction remains unclear. Here we show that the distribution of the nano-sized pores in an electrode imposes a profound impact on the electrode capacitive response under a salinity gradient. Such a pore-size effect can be sufficiently strong that leads to structural changes of the electric double layer, resulting in highly efficient extraction of the Gibbs free energy. We demonstrate that a device fabricated with carbon electrodes with significantly different nanopore distributions can generate a high power density without membranes or an external charge source.
The positive outcome of educating HIV-infected children about beauty in an African village.

We report the interesting experience of the African Village of Hope (Dodoma, Tanzania) where HIV-positive orphan children have been hosted, cured, and educated in the last 15 years. The particular attention to beauty in the education of the children amazed us when we were in the village working as doctors. The project and the effort to create such a model of social and medical assistance were born from the idea of the founders, Sister Maria Rosaria Gargiulo and Don Vincenzo Boselli. In light of this experience and of the healthy result obtained in the village, we believe that education in the perception of beauty is a formative aspect for all children, but may also be a powerful adjuvant therapy in severely immunocompromised young patients.