cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Forces, Tool Wear and Surface Finish During Orthogonal Machining AISI 1020 Steel in Three Cutting Environments

A large statistically designed orthogonal tube turning experiment measuring the forces, tool wear and surface finish involved in machining of AISI 1020 steel under four different cutting environments. The environments studied were nitrogen and cold compressed air against dry machining. Each data run consisted of one minute cutting time at two different feeds of 0.002″/rev. and 0.004″/rev. at a constant depth of cut of 0.125″ width of cut using High speed steel tool material inserts. Post-mortem analysis was carried out under a Keyance microscope to evaluate the wear on the rake face. The cutting force and the thrust force are collected during the machining process with a dynamometer and the data is further processed using Labview software. The surface finish on the work piece after the cutting process is also evaluated based on the average roughness measurement taken from a contact type profilometer. The advantages of using such gaseous cutting fluids are discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Comparative study of newborn hearing screening between the neonatal intensive care unit and well-baby nursery

Objective To investigate the hearing screening situation of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) and compare it with that of newborns in the well-baby nursery.Methods Hearing screening was carried out in 927 newborns in the NICU and 16 353 newborns in the well-baby nursery.All newborns were screened and re-screened with transient evoked otoacoustic emission.Positive cases were evaluated by a diagnostic audiology test.Results 28 cases of sensorineural deafness were founded in the NICU group,of which 11 had hyperbilirubinemias,9 very low birth weight,6 ischemic encephalopathy and 2 meningitis.The incidence rate of sensorineural deafness in the NICU group was 3.02%(28/927).There were 50 cases of sensorineural deafness in the well-baby nursery group,of which 23 had intrauterine infection,12 hyperbilirubinemias,10 family history of hearing loss,3 meningitis and 2 ototoxic drug contact history.The incidence rate of sensorineural deafness was 0.31%(50/16 353).There was a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions The incidence rate of sensorineural deafness is obviously higher in the NICU group than the well-baby nursery group.Hyperbilirubinemias,very low birth weight and ischemic encephalopathy are the main risk factors in the NICU group.Intrauterine infection,hyperbilirubinemias and family history of hearing loss are the main risk factors in the well-baby nursery group.More attention should be paid to newborn hearing screening in the NICU.
Effect of Hygrothermal Environment on Shearing Property of Fiber Reinforced Resin-Based Composite Stiffened Panel

Fiber reinforced resin-based composite stiffened panels were treated in a hygrothermal environment until they reached a moisture adsorption balance at 70 ℃ in a water bath.Then the effect of hygrothermal environment on shearing property of composite stiffened panels was studied in shear experiments for the stiffened panels before and after moisture adsorption.Results show that there is no obvious buckling in the test for two kinds of stiffened panels.The failure modes mainly contain damage of four corners,cleaving of skin and deformation of specimen and so on.The effect of hygrothermal environment on shearing failure load was so remarkable that it decreased by 9.9%after the composite stiffened panels absorbed moisture.
Laboratory Testing of 1 Case of Vibrio Cholerae

[Objective]To isolate and culture vibrio cholerae in patients' stool specimens,and perform species identification and virulence genes detection and drug sensitivity test on it.[Methods]Conventional method was used for isolation,and the identification was based on the biochemical and serological results,polymerase chain reaction for detection of cholera toxin gene (ctxAB),K-B method for drug sensitivity test.[Results]One strain of vibro cholerae O139,carrying cholera toxin gene (ctxAB),was isolated from patient's stool,and sensitive to ceftazidime,cefoperazone and other commonly used drug,but resistant to chloramphenicol,nitrofurantoin,gentamicin,tetracycline,ampicillin.[Conclusion]This isolate is epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae,polymerase chain reaction can perform ctxAB detection fast.In the prevention of cholera epidemic caused by vibro cholerae O139,its drug resistance and carrying status of toxin gene should be closely monitored to provide evidence for clinical drug use and timely control of outbreaks.
Developmental expression and location of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle

To investigate the role of IGF in muscle development in vivo, developmental expression and location of IGF-I and -II protein and mRNA were examined in fetal, postnatal, and adult skeletal muscle. Muscle tissue was collected from 30-, 44-, 59-, 68-, 75-, 89-, and 109-d porcine fetuses, 21-d neonatal pigs, and 6-mo-old (adult) pigs. Rela- tive amounts of IGF-II mRNA peaked ( P < .05) in 59-d fetal muscle and decreased thereafter. Inversely, muscle IGF-I expression increased ( P < .05) to maximal levels around birth. For in situ hybridization, frozen muscle tissue sections (10 mm) were hybridized with a hydrolyzed form of the same riboprobes or incubated with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to IGF-I or -II, respectively. The majority of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA was localized to developing muscle fibers, whereas little signal was found in the sur- rounding connective tissues. Immunofluorescent localization of IGF-I and -II confirmed that muscle IGF are present in developing muscle fibers. Collec- tively, these data show that IGF-I and -II are expressed and produced primarily in muscle cells within developing muscle tissue and support the hypothesis that IGF-I and -II modulate fetal muscle development.
EFFECT OF TRIPARANOL ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ON STEROL COMPOSITION AND CONCENTRATION IN SERUM AND AORTA OF THE CHICKEN.

The administration of triparanol resulted in an increase in serum total sterols and desmosterol in both cockerels and egg-laying pullets. In cockerels treated for 20 weeks with 25.0 mg of triparanol/kg body weight, the total serum sterol level was 106 mg/100 ml compared to 80 mg/100 ml for the controls. Desmosterol represented 76% of these sterols in the triparanol-treated birds while none was detectable in the serum of the controls. In the aortas of these cockerels, desmosterol was not detectable in the controls but represented 67% of total sterols in those receiving triparanol. In egg-laying pullets, a similar but more pronounced effect was observed. Administration of 40.0 mg of triparanol/kg body weight for 10 weeks resulted in an increase of total serum sterols from 65 mg/100 ml to 522 mg/100 ml, of which 90% was desmosterol. Pullets treated for 2 weeks with 50–100 mg of triparanol/kg body weight showed about a fourfold increase in serum sterols, up to 83% of which was desmosterol. In all cases, the administration of triparanol caused a cessation of egg production. It appears that triparanol enhances the degree and incidence of atherosclerosis of the aorta of the chicken.
TH-EF-BRA-08: A Novel Technique for Estimating Volumetric Cine MRI (VC-MRI) From Multi-Slice Sparsely Sampled Cine Images Using Motion Modeling and Free Form Deformation

Purpose: To develop a technique to estimate on-board VC-MRI using multi-slice sparsely-sampled cine images, patient prior 4D-MRI, motion-modeling and free-form deformation for real-time 3D target verification of lung radiotherapy. Methods: A previous method has been developed to generate on-board VC-MRI by deforming prior MRI images based on a motion model(MM) extracted from prior 4D-MRI and a single-slice on-board 2D-cine image. In this study, free-form deformation(FD) was introduced to correct for errors in the MM when large anatomical changes exist. Multiple-slice sparsely-sampled on-board 2D-cine images located within the target are used to improve both the estimation accuracy and temporal resolution of VC-MRI. The on-board 2D-cine MRIs are acquired at 20–30frames/s by sampling only 10% of the k-space on Cartesian grid, with 85% of that taken at the central k-space. The method was evaluated using XCAT(computerized patient model) simulation of lung cancer patients with various anatomical and respirational changes from prior 4D-MRI to onboard volume. The accuracy was evaluated using Volume-Percent-Difference(VPD) and Center-of-Mass-Shift(COMS) of the estimated tumor volume. Effects of region-of-interest(ROI) selection, 2D-cine slice orientation, slice number and slice location on the estimation accuracy were evaluated. Results: VCMRI estimated using 10 sparsely-sampled sagittal 2D-cine MRIs achieved VPD/COMS of 9.07±3.54%/0.45±0.53mm among all scenarios based on estimation with ROI_MM-ROI_FD. The FD optimization improved estimation significantly for scenarios with anatomical changes. Using ROI-FD achieved better estimation than global-FD. Changing the multi-slice orientation to axial, coronal, and axial/sagittal orthogonal reduced the accuracy of VCMRI to VPD/COMS of 19.47±15.74%/1.57±2.54mm, 20.70±9.97%/2.34±0.92mm, and 16.02±13.79%/0.60±0.82mm, respectively. Reducing the number of cines to 8 enhanced temporal resolution of VC-MRI by 25% while maintaining the estimation accuracy. Estimation using slices sampled uniformly through the tumor achieved better accuracy than slices sampled non-uniformly. Conclusions: Preliminary studies showed that it is feasible to generate VC-MRI from multi-slice sparsely-sampled 2D-cine images for real-time 3D-target verification. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. R01-CA184173 and a research grant from Varian Medical Systems.
Renaut Corpuscles or Peripheral Nerve Infarcts? A Historical Overview.

Renaut corpuscles are cylindrical hyaline structures that arise from the peripheral nerve perineurium and project into the endoneurium. Despite their earlier accurate description in the French and German literature, Kernohan and Woltman (1938) reported very similar structures as "nerve infarcts" in a case series of vasculitic neuropathy. Krucke (1955) deserves credit for discovering this error and further explaining how peripheral nerves react differently (from brain parenchyma) to ischemia. We tried to elucidate the reason why Kernohan and Woltman, and others, made this scientific error by describing the historical evolution of our understanding of the structure and function of Renaut corpuscles.
Potential of GaN vertical JFETs presented through a comprehensive discussion of dynamic performance compared to SiC JFETs

In this paper, a comparative study on the switching characteristics and power losses in GaN and SiC vertical junction field effect transistors (VJFETs) is presented. Models of VJFETs based on GaN and SiC, were separately built in Sivaco ATLAS and applied to a mixedmode device/circuit simulator for dynamic evaluation under identical test conditions. The device figure of merit (RonQg) of GaN VJFET is 57% of that for SiC VJFET, showing significantly lower power loss. The switching loss of the GaN VJFET was found to be half that of the SiC device at 100 kHz. From the material point of view, GaN has similar breakdown electric field with SiC, however, the electron mobility in bulk GaN has been experimentally proven to be higher [1] than that in SiC. High mobility enables GaN devices to be operated at high frequency with remarkably lower switching loss.
Kinetic Characterization of the Mitochondrial Transporter Human Myosin XIX

Human myosin XIX is a novel class of actin-based motor implicated in the transport and localization of mitochondria. We expressed myosin XIX using the baculovirus/SF9 cell expression system. The truncated MYO19-3IQ construct was co-expressed with the calmodulin light chain and chaperones Unc45 and Hsp90. The chaperone proteins significantly increased the level of myosin XIX expression 20-fold. To determine the mechanochemical properties that underlie cellular MYO19 activity we carried out transient kinetic experiments and measured elementary rate constants. ADP is released in two steps (k-AD1 = 4.5 s−1 and k-AD2 = 1.5 s−1) from the actomyosinADP complex. Phosphate dissociation is fast and has a kmax of 47 s−1 . The rate of hydrolysis (M·T = M·D·P) determined by quenched flow is >16 s−1 and is favorable with an equilibrium constant of (KH = 2). The maximal rate of ATP induced dissociation of myosin from the actomyosin (k-TA) is 670s−1 . We conclude that the rate-limiting step of the ATPase cycle is the slower step of the ADP release because it's rate is the same as the actin activated steady-state ATPase (Vmax = 1.6 s−1). The human Myosin XIX has a high duty ratio (0.9) which is consistent with its role in transporting mitochondria.
Kant in the Theological Academies

This chapter deals with how Kant fared in the higher educational institutions for Orthodox priests. Kant was viewed and criticized there for, among other things, his alleged subjectivism and agnosticism. Faculty in these theological academies rejected Kant’s ethics as departing from Christian teaching not just with regard to revealed moral obligations to God, but particularly with regard to improving the lot of other human beings.
Empowering Learners: A Win-Win Solution for Students and Educators

This chapter describes the philosophical approach of the Cultures and Languages Across the Curriculum movement, which advocates leveraging international students’ language and cultural knowledge to support their academic goals and sense of belonging on college and university campuses in the United States.
Hydrogel-based suspension array for biomarker detection using horseradish peroxidase-mediated silver precipitation.

Abstract Advances in medical diagnostics and personalized therapy require robust, sensitive yet cost-effective diagnostic tools for rapid measurement of biomolecules including proteins in body fluids. State-of-the-art technologies are complex and rely on expensive or custom made detection system, and therefore, cannot be readily adapted for point-of-care (POC) analysis. The development of a novel detection platform, which leverages horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated silver precipitation within antibody immobilized porosity tuned poly (ethylene) glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microparticles with the operational advantages of suspension arrays for sensitive quantification of biomarkers, is described. In this study, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been used as a model protein. The silver deposition corresponded to the concentration of VEGF in solution. The detection limit of 5.2 ± 1.0 pg/mL and assay time of 2 h highlights that this assay exceeds the conventional technologies in terms of sensitivity and speed. The practical applicability of the hydrogel microparticle based detection system has been established by demonstrating the ability of the system to quantify the production of VEGF by highly aggressive (MDA-MB-231) and non-aggressive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells. The reliance on simple instrument for quantification of clinically relevant markers bolsters the adaptability of the detection platform/method in POC settings.
Running Out of Time: The Impact and Value of Flexibility in On-Demand Crowdwork

With a seemingly endless stream of tasks, on-demand labor markets appear to offer workers flexibility in when and how much they work. This research argues that platforms afford workers far less flexibility than widely believed. A large part of the "inflexibility" comes from tight deadlines imposed on tasks, leaving workers little control over their work schedules. We experimentally examined the impact of offering workers control of their time in on-demand crowdwork. We found that granting higher "in-task flexibility" dramatically affected the temporal dynamics of worker behavior and produced a larger amount of work with similar quality. In a second experiment, we measured the compensating differential and found that workers would give up significant compensation to control their time, indicating workers attach substantial value to in-task flexibility. Our results suggest that designing tasks which give workers direct control of their time within tasks benefits both buyers and sellers of on-demand crowdwork.
Fotos de Béisbol: An Examination of the Spanish-language Instagram Accounts of Major League Baseball Teams

Although every Major League Baseball team has an official English-language Instagram account, only 2 have a Spanish-language account. The purpose of this study is to examine how those accounts atte...
Prevention of Cosmetic Problems

Cosmetic problems can be prevented through proper diagnosis and the use of carefully selected products. These products typically fall in the over-the-counter (OTC) realm and can be classified as true cosmetics or OTC drugs. Products that are considered cosmetics include moisturizers, lip balms, and shaving preparations while OTC drugs include sunscreens and antiperspirants. This chapter examines the use of these products in the prevention of cosmetic-related skin disease including facial eczema, eyelid dermatitis, cheilitis, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, hyperhidrosis, and acne. These are common cosmetic problems that can be exacerbated or alleviated based on the dermatologist’s ability to correctly recommend prescription and complimentary nonprescription therapies.
Association of Malonaldehyde with Rabbit Myosin Subfragment 1

Scientists have noted that after storage, previously ground poultry meat looses some functional properties. Part of the change in functionality of protein of previously ground and frozen meat may be due to accelerated lipid deterioration. Malonaldehyde, a by-product of lipid oxidation, could react with specific amino acids in protein to produce a Schiff’s base, thereby altering the structure and ultimately the functionality of protein. Investigations on rabbit myosin subfragment 1 and malonaldehyde were conducted to establish a link between lipid deterioration and deceased functionality of myosin. Accelerated lipid oxidation decreased myosin ATPase activity and caused conformational changes as measured by sulfhydryl content, protein bound malonaldehyde, tryptophan fluorescence, and 1-anilino-8-napthalenesulfonate fluorescence. There was a positive correlation between decreases in ATPase activity and increases in incubation time
Social Influences on the Choice of a Linguistic Variant

(1958). Social Influences on the Choice of a Linguistic Variant. WORD: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 47-56.
Status and Role, Social Psychology of

The social psychology of status and role refers to the study of the social interactive processes that involve people in displaying, creating, and changing statuses and roles. The 1930s writings of Ralph Linton, George Herbert Mead, and Robert E. Park initiated the conception and study of the social psychology of status and role. Following World War II three social scientists, Theodore R. Sarbin, Erving Goffman, and Ralph H. Turner, were exceptionally influential in the conceptual elaboration of the social psychology of status and role. By the close of the 1970s a theoretical language of status and role had been established. The language provided for an empirically grounded interactive theory of status and role as social processes. The language was conceptually bold but still preliminary. The 1980s began a period of critical consolidation of theorizing status and role. Three forms of conceptual consolidation were proffered. Although still not unified, the conceptual language of status and role is now routinely employed in a variety of empirical investigations such as the study of organizations and organizational change; group, gender, and race relations; and in many other studies where the empirical issues call for their use.
LA FILOSOFÍA AMBIENTAL DE CAMPO Y LA ECORREGIÓN SUBANTÁRTICA DE MAGALLANES COMO UN LABORATORIO NATURAL EN EL ANTROPOCENO

Este numero especial de Magallania presenta la aproximacion metodologica de la Filosofia Ambiental de Campo (FILAC). Propongo que para implementar el concepto de laboratorio natural recientemente propuesto por el Estado de Chile es fundamental enfatizar la actividad de laborar transdisciplinariamente en estos lugares. La FILAC ofrece una metodologia y una compresion que abren un horizonte cientifico, cultural y etico para consolidar como laboratorio natural a la ecorregion subantartica de Magallanes y la Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos, cuyos atributos son presentados en la primera parte este numero especial. Ademas, la metodologia de la FILAC puede ser adaptada para laborar en otros laboratorios naturales de Chile y del mundo. Hoy esto es especialmente relevante en el contexto del Antropoceno que ha disuelto las antiguas dicotomias entre dimensiones “biofisicas” y “culturales” de la realidad y demanda un sentido de responsabilidad etica. Para responder a los desafios socio-ambientales del Antropoceno, la FILAC propone un enfoque metodologico que integra el marco teorico de la etica biocultural con diversas formas de conocimiento ecologico de pueblos originarios y de las ciencias modernas, las artes y la filosofia en practicas de investigacion, educacion y conservacion biocultural. La FILAC representa una innovacion socio-ecologica puesto que esta metodologia ha permitido interrelacionar de manera sistematica conceptos y practicas de las ciencias y etica en programas de educacion escolar y superior, y esta siendo adaptada en reservas de la biosfera y sitios de estudios socio-ecologicos a largo plazo. Estos sitios proveen una valiosa plataforma institucional para transformar politicas de desarrollo y programas educativos homogeneos que se imponen hoy sobre diversos habitats y habitos de vida a nivel mundial, y reorientarlos hacia una valoracion de las relaciones vitales que existen entre habitos de vida y habitats especificos que son compartidos por comunidades de co-habitantes. Como se examina en la segunda y la tercera parte de este numero especial de Magallania, la FILAC aporta una comprension practica para considerarnos como co-habitantes (no meros recursos humanos o recursos naturales), un concepto que entrega un entendimiento sobre la dignidad de los diversos seres vivos y las diversas culturas.
Using a mock board of pharmacy disciplinary hearing to teach concepts related to administrative law, addiction, empathy, and professionalism.

Abstract Background and purpose The purpose of this project was to impact pharmacy students' personal and professional development through simulation of a board of pharmacy disciplinary hearing regarding addiction. Educational activity and setting The mock board hearing was conducted as part of the required curriculum. Faculty obtained materials from a prior board hearing. The actual respondent, lawyer, former executive director, and a board agent participated. Students served as board members and president, asked questions of the witnesses, and deliberated per board procedure. After the event, student learning and perceptions were assessed through knowledge-based, opinion-based questions, and open-ended questions. Findings Of the 141 students who attended the event, 97% completed the assessment. The average score on the knowledge-based questions was 95%. Ratings of perceptions and reflections of the experience were used in tandem to understand the experience. In general, students indicated the experience was positive and impactful towards their education. Students indicated they felt that the experience allowed them to better understand addiction and empathize with someone called before the board. In fact, there were fundamental differences in perceptions regarding the “addicted person,” going from a penalizing and stigmatized perspective to one of caring and compassion. Summary Students were knowledgeable about the board and its regulatory process after the event. More than knowledge, students indicated fundamental changes in their views of addiction. Other institutions may consider implementing similar exercises to engender empathy and professionalism regarding drug addiction and regulatory compliance.
Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow During Geologic Carbon Storage

Abstract In this chapter we discuss the different numerical modeling tools available for simulation of fluid flow induced by geologic carbon storage (GCS) operations. The governing equations of multiphase flow are introduced and common solution approaches are discussed for different spatial scales (e.g., basin-wide pressure perturbation, flow along concentrated leakage pathways). The main focus of this chapter is on three-dimensional and vertically integrated approaches. In three-dimensional approaches, the governing equations are discretized in the three spatial dimensions for numerical solution, while for vertically integrated approaches the governing equations are integrated over the thickness of a formation and the resulting two-dimensional system is solved numerically. Recent developments relating to vertically integrated approaches—such as inclusion of vertical dynamics—are also presented. We also discuss the applicability of different GCS modeling approaches to three different spatial scales: well-scale, site-scale, and basin-scale.
Microlearning in health professions education: a scoping review protocol.

Review questions:How is microlearning defined and designed as an educational strategy in health professions education?What outcomes associated with microlearning have been measured in health professions students?
Use of positive airway pressure in mild cognitive impairment to delay progression to dementia

Study Objectives:The aim was to assess the relationship between continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and obstru...
Applications of Machine Learning Techniques to Aviation Operations: Promises and Challenges

There is an increasing interest in applying methods based on Machine Learning Techniques (MLT) to problems in aviation operations. The current interest is based on developments in Cloud Computing, the availability of open software and the success of MLT in automation, consumer behavior and finance involving large databases. This paper reviews the current-state-of-the art in applying MLT to aviation operations, its promises and challenges. Historically aviation operations have been analyzed using physics-based models and provide information for making operational decisions. This paper describes issues to be addressed in applying either model-driven or data-driven methods. Aviation operations involving many decision makers, multiple objectives, poor or unavailable physics-based models and a rich historical database are prime candidates for analysis using data-driven methods. Currently, the application of MLT to aviation operations falls into three categories: (a) based on the lack of a physics-based model, MLT are the favored approach, (b) MLT perform slightly better than methods using physics-based models and (c) comparison of different MLT to the same application. As always, the best approach depends on the task, the physical understanding of the problem and the quality and quantity of the available data.
Fighting Fire with Light: Tackling Extreme Terabit DDoS Using Programmable Optics

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are a clear and present threat to both today's and future network infrastructures. Attacks are constantly growing in sophistication with new threats emerging and likely amplified with other technology trends (e.g., amplification, IoT botnets, 5G connectivity). While great progress has been made in devising many types of mitigation strategies, they are found wanting in light of advanced large-scale attacks and our ability to minimize the impact of the attacks on legitimate services. In this work, we explore a new opportunity for bolstering our DDoS defense arsenal by leveraging recent advances in programmable optics. We envision ONSET: an Optics-enabled In-Network defenSe for Extreme Terabit DDoS attacks. Our approach seeks to isolate and steer attack traffic by dynamic reconfiguration of (backup) wavelengths. This physical isolation of attack traffic enables finer-grained handling of suspicious flows and offers better performance for legitimate traffic in the face of large-scale attacks. In this position paper, we demonstrate the preliminary promise of this vision and identify several open problems at the intersection of security, optical, and systems communities.
Routine Type and Screens Are Unnecessary for Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties at an Academic Hospital.

Abstract Background Despite decreasing transfusion rates, routine type and screens are frequently used before primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aims of this study were to characterize transfusion rates and identify any factors that affect the likelihood of transfusion to determine if it is safe to discontinue routine preoperative type and screens at an academic hospital. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent primary THA or TKA in 2019 at an academic institution by a fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeon. Data on preoperative type and screens, transfusion rates, bleeding disorders, and anticoagulation status were obtained. Patients were considered to have a preoperative type and screen if it was performed within 30 days before surgery. Results Overall, 379 patients were included in the study. Of these, 210 underwent primary THA and 169 underwent primary TKA. Four patients received transfusions during their hospitalization for a cumulative transfusion rate of 1.06%. No patients received an intraoperative transfusion. One (0.59%) patient received a postoperative transfusion after TKA, and 3 (1.43%) patients received a postoperative transfusion after THA. The mean preoperative hemoglobin of the 4 transfused patients was 10.8 g/dL. Conclusions In summary, performing a preoperative routine type and screen is likely unnecessary at academic medical centers. Consideration for obtaining a type and screen may include complex primary surgeries or when patients have preoperative hemoglobin of less than 11 g/dL. Ultimately, preoperative type and screen should be considered on a case-by-case basis using clinical judgment.
New Plant Breeding Technologies: An Assessment of the Political Economy of the Regulatory Environment and Implications for Sustainability

This perspective discusses the impact of political economy on the regulation of modern biotechnology. Modern biotechnology has contributed to sustainable development, but its potential has been underexplored and underutilized. We highlight the importance of the impacts of regulations for investments in modern biotechnology and argue that improvements are possible via international harmonization of approval processes. This development is urgently needed for improving sustainable development. Policy makers in the European Union (EU) in particular are challenged to rethink their approach to regulating modern biotechnology as their decisions have far ranging consequences beyond the boundaries of the EU and they have the power to influence international policies.
Impact of anatomic site of distant metastasis on survival in salivary gland cancers.

BACKGROUND: As exemplified in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), metastatic salivary gland cancers display heterogenous behavior. Although anatomic site of metastasis has been suggested to be prognostic for survival in this population, this is not adequately characterized in the current literature. METHODS: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), patients with newly diagnosed metastatic salivary gland cancers with distant metastasis to a single organ were identified. RESULTS: Eight hundred and fifty-eight patients (n = 284 bone-only, n = 322 lung-only, n = 252 other-site-only) were identified. Anatomic site of distant metastasis was not associated with survival in the cohort as a whole; however, on pre-planned subgroup analysis, lung-only metastasis, relative to bone-only metastasis, was the only factor associated with improved survival in patients with ACC (HR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.30-0.93, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic site of metastasis is strongly associated with survival in patients with metastatic ACC and should be considered in future studies aiming to optimize therapy in this population.
Lipid peroxidation and pathological disruption of the ApoE/Reelin-ApoER2-DAB1 axis in sporadic Alzheimer's disease

Abstract The strong genetic link between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the marked increase in brain lipid peroxidation observed in early AD suggest that dysfunctional lipid metabolism plays a central role in AD pathogenesis. However, specific mechanisms and targets linking ApoE and lipid peroxidation to AD are not well-defined. Here we used a combination of biochemical experiments, single- marker immunohistochemistry (IHC), and multiplex-IHC to examine the hypothesis that synaptic ApoE receptors and their ligands ApoE and Reelin are susceptible to lipid peroxidation, and that downstream disruptions in ApoE delivery and Reelin-ApoE receptor signaling cascades contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD. We found that (1) Lys and His-enriched sequences within the binding regions of ApoER2, ApoE, VLDLR and Reelin, and recombinant ApoER2, ApoE and Reelin proteins, are vulnerable to attack by aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, generating lipid-protein adducts and acid-stable ApoE receptor-ligand complexes; (2) ApoER2, lipid peroxidation-modified ApoE, native ApoE, Reelin, and multiple downstream components of Reelin-ApoE receptor signaling cascades that govern synaptic integrity [including DAB1, Tyr232-phosphorylated DAB1, Tyr607-phosphorylated Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Thr508-phosphorylated LIM kinase-1, Ser202/Thr205-phosphorylated Tau and Thr19-phosphorylated-PSD95] accumulate in the immediate vicinity of neuritic plaques and surrounding abnormal neurons, and (3) several of these ApoE/Reelin-ApoE receptor-DAB1 pathway markers positively correlate with Braak stage, Aβ plaque load, and antemortem cognitive impairment. ApoE/Reelin-ApoER2-DAB1 axis pathologies were especially prominent in the dendritic compartments of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis and subiculum, regions that receive synaptic input from the entorhinal-hippocampal projections that underlie memory formation. Taken together, these observations point toward extensive derangements in the ApoE/Reelin-ApoE receptor-DAB1 axis and provide evidence supporting a new, working hypothesis wherein lipid peroxidation-induced adduction and crosslinking of ApoE receptors and ApoE are proximate molecular events that compromise synaptic integrity and contribute to the histopathological hallmarks and cognitive deficits that characterize sporadic AD in humans.
Application of Liutex and Some Second-Generation Vortex Identification Methods to Direct Numerical Simulation Data of a Transitional Boundary Layer

In this paper, we have used Liutex, Liutex core lines, and some other second-generation vortex identification criteria to capture and visualize the vortex structure of direct numerical simulation data of a flat plate boundary layer transition. The focus of our study is on Λ and hairpin vortices in the transitional region of the boundary layer. We investigated how the change in threshold impacts the iso-surface plotting of different criteria. From our study, it was found that second generation vortex identification criteria like Δ Q, λ2and λciare threshold sensitive but Omega method is not. Moreover, we have used Liutex core lines technique to represent the vortex structure which is unique and not limited by the threshold adjustment.
Flattening of the Phillips Curve: Causes and Their Policy Implications

This paper explores potential causes of the flattening of the Phillips curve and why they matter for monetary policy. I use a novel open economy nested-CES model to show that an increase in product market concentration (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) and a higher degree of openness to international trade both lead to a flatter Phillips curve. Within the model, the central bank’s optimal policy choices depend separately on these two factors, not just on the resulting slope of the Phillips curve. My model predicts a 30% drop in the slope of the Phillips curve since the 1990s, where the major contribution comes from increases in product market concentration rather than increases in international trade openness. Through a series of policy experiments, I quantitatively show the suboptimality of the choices made by policymakers who are misinformed either about the slope of the Phillips curve or about its causes.
The Pathology of Lymphoreticular Neoplasms

The malignant lymphomas are now acknowledged to be neoplasms of the immune system. The traditional terminology and classifications of the past, including the clinically useful classification of Rappaport (Rappaport et al., 1956), were proposed before the recent dramatic developments in immunology and therefore have no relationship to our modem understanding of immunology. Beginning in 1971, we proposed a conceptually new approach to the understanding of malignant lymphomas (Collins and Lukes, 1971; Lukes and Collins, 1973, 1974a,b). This approach was based on (1) the newly appreciated existence of the T- and B-lymphocytic systems; (2) our hypothesis that lymphomas may arise from aberrations in lymphocyte transformation; and (3) the availability of techniques to identify cells as belonging to the T- or the B-lymphocytic system. In this approach, lymphoma cells are regarded as immune cells that, although defective, function, migrate, “home” to, and reside in tissue sites in ways similar to their normal counterparts. Fundamental to our new functional approach is the follicular center cell (FCC) concept, which has the following bases: (1) FCC are plasma-cell precursors; (2) the follicular center is a site of B-cell transformation; (3) lymphomas of FCC type are observed with both follicular and diffuse histological patterns; and (4) these lymphomas are a group of different cytological types, rather than one lymphoma of follicular structures, previously termed “follicular lymphoma.”
The araBAD operon of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. III: Nucleotide sequence of araD and its flanking regions, and primary structure of its product, L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase

The araD gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 consists of 744 nucleotides and has an ORF coding for a protein of 248 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr of 27059. The product of araD, L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, was purified and the amino terminal sequence was determined. It is identical to that predicted by the ORF. A 143-bp intercistronic region was found between the araA and araD genes which can form stem-loop structures with calculated free energies of up to -76.7 kcal/mol. Three sets of sequences within this 143-bp region are comparable to a consensus sequence deduced from several known intercistronic regions. Approximately equimolar amounts of the araBAD operon products were present in L-arabinose-induced cells. Sequences similar to both rho-independent and rho-dependent transcription terminators are present after the araD gene.
Software defect data and predictability for testing schedules

Software defect data are typically used in reliability modeling to predict the remaining number of defects in order to assess software quality and release decisions. However, in practice such decisions are often constrained by availability of resources. As software gets more complex, testing and fixing defects become difficult to schedule. This paper attempts to predict an estimated time for fixing software defects found during testing processes. We present an empirical approach that employs well-established data mining algorithms to construct predictive models from historical defect data. We evaluate the approach using a dataset of defect reports obtained from testing of a release of a large medical system. The accuracy obtained from our predictive models is as high as 93% despite the fact that not all relevant information was collected. The paper discusses detailed methods of experiments, results and their interpretations.
Conserved SMP domains of the ERMES complex bind phospholipids and mediate tether assembly

Membrane contact sites (MCS) between organelles are proposed as nexuses for the exchange of lipids, small molecules, and other signals crucial to cellular function and homeostasis. Various protein complexes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES), function as dynamic molecular tethers between organelles. Here, we report the reconstitution and characterization of subcomplexes formed by the cytoplasm-exposed synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial lipid-binding protein (SMP) domains present in three of the five ERMES subunits—the soluble protein Mdm12, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident membrane protein Mmm1, and the mitochondrial membrane protein Mdm34. SMP domains are conserved lipid-binding domains found exclusively in proteins at MCS. We show that the SMP domains of Mdm12 and Mmm1 associate into a tight heterotetramer with equimolecular stoichiometry. Our 17-A-resolution EM structure of the complex reveals an elongated crescent-shaped particle in which two Mdm12 subunits occupy symmetric but distal positions at the opposite ends of a central ER-anchored Mmm1 homodimer. Rigid body fitting of homology models of these SMP domains in the density maps reveals a distinctive extended tubular structure likely traversed by a hydrophobic tunnel. Furthermore, these two SMP domains bind phospholipids and display a strong preference for phosphatidylcholines, a class of phospholipids whose exchange between the ER and mitochondria is essential. Last, we show that the three SMP-containing ERMES subunits form a ternary complex in which Mdm12 bridges Mmm1 to Mdm34. Our findings highlight roles for SMP domains in ERMES assembly and phospholipid binding and suggest a structure-based mechanism for the facilitated transport of phospholipids between organelles.
Role for Free Isoleucine or Glycyl-Leucine in the Repression of Threonine Deaminase in Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli, the three branched-chain amino acid activating enzymes appear to be essential for multivalent repression of the isoleucine- and valine-forming enzymes. The results of experiments with a mutant, strain CU18, having an altered threonine deaminase, indicate that free isoleucine and some form of threonine deaminase (the product of the ilvA gene) are also involved in multivalent repression. This strain exhibits abnormally high derepressibility but normal repressibility of its ilv gene products, and its threonine deaminase is inhibited only by high concentrations of isoleucine. In strain CU18, the isoleucine analogue, thiaisoleucine, is incapable of replacing isoleucine in the multivalent repression of the ilv genes, whereas the analogue can fully replace the natural amino acid in repression in other strains examined. The dipeptide, glycyl-leucine, which, like isoleucine, is a heterotropic negative effector of threonine deaminase but is not a substrate for isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, can completely prevent the accumulation of threonine deaminase-forming potential during isoleucine starvation in strains with normal threonine deaminases. It can not, however, prevent such accumulation in strain CU18 or in other strains in which threonine deaminase is insensitive to any concentration of isoleucine.
Identification of locally influential agents in self-organizing multi-agent systems

Current research methods directed towards measuring the influence of specific agents on the dynamics of a large-scale multi-agent system (MAS) rely largely on the notion of controllability of the full-order system, or on the comparison of agent dynamics via a user-defined macroscopic system property. However, it is known that several large-scale multi-agent systems tend to self-organize, and their dynamics often reside on a low-dimensional manifold. The proposed framework uses this fact to measure an agent's influence on the macroscopic dynamics. First, the minimum embedding dimension that can encapsulate the low-dimensional manifold associated with the self-organized dynamics is identified using a modification of the method of false neighbors. Second, the full-order dynamics are projected onto the local low-dimensional manifold using Krylov subspace-inspired model order reduction techniques. Finally, an existing controllability-based metric is applied to the local reduced-order representation to measure an agent's influence on the self-organized dynamics. With this technique, one can identify regions of the state space where an agent has significant local influence on the dynamics of the self-organizing MAS. The proposed technique is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of vehicle cluster formation in traffic, a prototypical self-organizing system. As a result, it is now possible to identify regions of the roadway where an individual driver has the ability to influence the dynamics of a self-organized traffic jam.
International Insolvency Case Venue in the European Union: The Parmnalat and Daisytek Controversies

The European Union Insolvency Regulation (the EU Regulation) is a giant step forward in promoting international cooperation among EU countries for cross-border insolvency proceedings. It adopts a modified universalist solution to cross-border proceedings insofar as they are located within the EU. However, experience has shown that it needs improvement to work effectively. A venue battle now rages between courts of several European countries over which country's courts will administer particular cross-border proceedings and how the center of main interest is to be determined for this purpose.This Article begins with a detailed examination of the two principal cases where conflicts have arisen, Eurofood and Daisytek. Eurofood is a subsidiary of Parmalat, which has produced the largest invsolvency case in European history. The Irish and Italian courts have both opened main insolvency proceedings for the Eurofood subsidiary, and the controversy is now pending before the European Court of Justice (ECJ). For the Daisytek French subsidiary, both English and French courts have opened main insolvency cases, and an appeal is pending before the French Cour de Cassation, where the Ministry of Justice is expected to recommend submission to the ECJ.Two very important substantive modifications would vastly improve the EU Regulation. First. the EU Regulation needs to provide for the filing in the same country (thereby permitting the filing in the same court) of members of a corporate group that are economically integrated. It is very difficult (if at all possible) to recognize a corporate empire when its insolvency proceedings are distributed among a number of countries.Second, the EU Regulation needs to clarify the definition of "center of main interest" (CoMI) and to specify what a court should consider in making the CoMI decision. A court should weigh the following factors: (1) the location of operations and management decisions for the corporation; (2) the location of the "nerve center" or place of principal decision-making for the corporation; and (3) the expectations of creditors, such as suppliers and financiers, as to the CoMI decision in the event that the company foes into an insolvency proceeding.This Article also argues for three kinds of procedural improvements: (1) decoupling the decision on whether a proceeding is a main proceeding from the decision opening the proceeding itself, to give an opportunity to the parties in interest to be heard on the subject of whether a proceeding is a main proceeding; (2) defining what constitutes a "judgment opening insolvency proceedings," to specify what steps qualify under this term in those countries where an opening order or judgment is not a typical part of the insolvency process; (3) adopting procedures to recognize the due process rights of foreign estate administrators, foreign creditors, and other parties in interest in a cross-border insolvency proceeding.