cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Relationship of Human Hexosaminidases

A method for the preparation of highly purified β-hexosaminidase isozymes A and B from human placenta is presented. The purified enzymes possess identical molecular weight and exhibit similar kinetic parameters with artificial fluorogenic substrates. Both enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of Tay-Sachs ganglioside (Cer-Glc-Gal(NeuAc)-GalNAc) and the corresponding asialo-derivative (Cer-Glc-Gal-GalNAc). Both enzymes are composed of four subunits with a mass of 33,000 daltons each. The enzymes seem to differ only in the interactions of these subunits to form the fully associated enzyme by hydrophobic association and the formation of disulfide bonds. It is possible to convert hexosaminidase A into hexosaminidase B by heating under carefully controlled conditions. The newly formed B has the ion exchange properties and subunit interactions characteristic of highly purified hexosaminidase B isolated from fresh tissue. This conversion does not depend on the removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Thus, the two hexosaminidases seem to exist as conformers of each other. A model for the relationship of hexosaminidases in normal tissues and in the various clinical conditions which are characterized by the absence of one or more of these enzymes (Tay-Sachs disease and its variant forms) is presented. A benign form of hexosaminidase A deficiency is postulated based on the ability of both A and B to catalyze the hydrolysis of Tay-Sachs ganglioside.
Structural and functional connectivity of visual and auditory attentional networks: insights from the Human Connectome Project

Abstract Recent work in our laboratory has suggested that human caudal lateral frontal cortex contains four interleaved regions in each hemisphere that exhibit strong sensory-specific biases in attention tasks (Michalka et al, 2014). Two visually-biased attention regions, superior and inferior pre-central sulcus (sPCS, iPCS), anatomically alternate with two auditory-biased attention regions, caudal inferior frontal sulcus (cIFS) and the transverse gyrus intersection the precentral sulcus (tgPCS). These small regions were identified in fMRI studies in a small number of individual subjects. Here, we have investigated these regions and their putative networks by mining the WashU-Minn Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. We used data from the 482 HCP participants with both diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state fMRI. We defined seed regions from our individual subject data in a task that contrasted auditory and visual spatial attention. Probabilistic activation maps were constructed and thresholded to generate ROIs. These ROIs served as seed regions for resting state and tractography analyses of the HCP dataset. Stronger functional connectivity was observed for the sPCS and iPCS than for tgPCS and cIFS with superior parietal lobule visual attention regions, and conversely stronger connectivity was observed for the tgPCS and cIFS than for sPCS and iPCS with superior temporal lobe auditory attention regions. A similar pattern was observed with tractography for all ROIs, except for tgPCS. We next analyzed the whole-brain connectivity patterns of these ROIs using a multivariate approach; we found that the modality of sensory-bias can be predicted well above chance in both hemispheres at a voxelwise scale (L:71%, R:80%), using only the connectivity pattern of an individual voxel. A long-term goal of this analysis is to develop reliable methods for identifying fine-scale brain networks in large population datasets, which could have important clinical applications. Our preliminary results reveal both successes and challenges of these efforts. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.
Software quality through domain-driven certification

Software reuse is being pursued in an attempt to improve programmer productivity. The concept of reuse is to permit various work products of software development to be used on more than one project in order to amortize their development costs. Productivity is not the only advantage of reuse although it is the most widely publicized. By incorporating reusable components into a new product, the components bring with them whatever qualities they possess, and these can contribute to the quality of the new product. This suggests that reuse might be exploited for achieving quality as an entirely separate goal from improving productivity. If useful properties pertaining to quality could be shown to be present in products as a direct result of software development based on reuse, this might be a costdeffective way of achieving those qualities irrespective of the productivity advantages. The adjective certified is sometimes used to describe components that have been tested in some way prior to entry into a library but the term certified is not formally defined in the reuse literature. In this paper, we address the issue of certifying reusable components. We advocate the development of software by reuse with the specific intent of establishing as many of the required properties in the final product as possible by depending upon properties present in the reusable components. For this goal to succeed, a precise definition of certification of reusable components is required and such a definition is presented. The benefits of the definition and the way in which it supports the goal are explored.
Retrovirus reverse transcription and integration

Publisher Summary Retroviruses contain an RNA genome that is replicated through a double-stranded DNA intermediate. DNA synthesis is initiated from a tRNA primer annealed to the 5’ untranslated region of the viral RNA catalyzed by the virus-encoded reverse transcriptase (RT). During the reverse transcription process, the 5’ unique (U5) and 3’ unique (U3) regions of the viral RNA are duplicated and juxtaposed to form the ends of the linear DNA. Each U3–R–U5 end is referred to as a “long terminal repeat” (LTR). The double-stranded DNA, flanked by the LTRs, is then integrated into the host chromosome through the action of a second virus-encoded enzyme, integrase (IN). Understanding of the mechanistic roles of these two enzymes in viral replication has vastly increased with the cloning of the retrovirus genome and its subsequent molecular genetic analysis. The chapter discusses methods both to introduce mutations into the retrovirus genome and to reconstitute in vitro the activities of RT and IN in the initiation of reverse transcription and integration of viral DNA, respectively. The efficiency of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) RT to initiate DNA synthesis from the tRNA primer is dependent not only on the primer but also on secondary structures near the primer binding site (PBS) in the viral RNA.
Direct and indirect photolysis of triclocarban in the presence of dissolved organic matter

Photolysis is an important attenuation pathway for the removal of wastewater effluent organic micropollutants from surface waters. In this work, direct and indirect processes leading to the degradation of the disinfectant, triclocarban were studied. Photo-irradiation experiments were conducted in water collected from Old Woman Creek (OWC) a tributary of Lake Erie near Huron, OH, USA and in solutions of fulvic acids isolated from the Suwannee River, Georgia, USA (SRFA), Old Woman Creek (OWCFA) and Pony Lake, Antarctica (PLFA). Photodegradation of triclocarban proceeded faster in the presence of all three fulvic acids relative to deionized water. PLFA, an autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) was found to be more reactive than the other fulvic acids, while the mostly allochthonous SRFA exhibited the lowest reactivity toward triclocarban. The later observation can be in part explained by anti-oxidant moieties present in SRFA. Photosensitized triclocarban degradation in whole water DOM from OWC was entirely attributable to the fulvic acid fraction and suggests that this component is the most photo-reactive fraction of the DOM. Anoxic and methanol-quenched experiments revealed unexpected results whereby the former suggests oxidation through reaction with triplet DOM, while the later is indicative of reaction with photo-generated hydroxyl radicals. It is possible that methanol can quench excited DOM species, which would shut down the triplet oxidation pathway. Finally, we observed no enhancement of triclocarban-photosensitized degradation through the addition of iron.
IL-12 Is Required to Maintain a Th1 Response During Leishmania major Infection

IL-12 initiates Th1 cell development and cell-mediated immunity, but whether IL-12 contributes to the maintenance of a Th1 response is unclear. To address this question, we infected IL-12 p40-/- C57BL/6 mice with Leishmania major, an intracellular protozoan parasite controlled by a cell-mediated immune response, and simultaneously administered IL-12. Whereas untreated p40-/- mice developed an uncontrolled infection, p40-/- mice treated with IL-12 for the first 2 or 4 wk of infection developed a Th1 response and resolved their lesions. However, the induction of this protective Th1 cell response by IL-12 treatment was not associated with long term immunity. We observed that on rechallenge in the absence of IL-12, the mice exhibited a susceptible phenotype. In addition, without rechallenge, lesions in the IL-12-treated p40-/- mice developed several weeks after cessation of IL-12 treatment. In both cases, disease was associated with the loss of a Th1 response and the development of a Th2 response. Our observations are not limited to the C57BL/6 strain, because IL-12 treatment was also unable to provide lasting protection to p40-/- BALB/c mice. Finally, we found that although Th1 cells from healed wild-type C57BL/6 mice adoptively transferred protection to L. major-infected RAG-/- mice, they were unable to protect p40-/- mice. In conclusion, these studies provide the first demonstration that IL-12 is required not only to initiate Th1 cell development but also throughout infection to maintain a Th1 cell response and resistance to L. major.
Delineating the Rattlesnake Springs, New Mexico Watershed using Near-Surface Geophysical Techniques

We used a combination of ground conductivity, DC resistivity and precision gravity surveys in an effort to characterize the watershed of Rattlesnake Springs, New Mexico. The Springs serve as the domestic water source for Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Our results confirm previous geological studies that suggested ground water flows into the Springs from a number of sources. Gravity, resistivity and conductivity studies indicate that fine grained clays, possibly related to a collapsed karst feature, located to the north and northwest of the Springs serve as a barrier to fluid flow and may be responsible for the Springs’ current location. Gravity data also suggest that north-south and west-northwest oriented fractures within the underlying gypsum bedrock serve as conduits to funnel ground water from the south and southwest. These fracture directions are consistent with fracture systems observed to the north within the limestone of the Guadalupe Escarpment, suggesting the fracture system resulted from regional tectonism.
Ethnic marked names as a reflection of United States isolationist attitudes in Uncle $crooge comic books

AbstractThis paper examines the ethnic-marked names created by Carl Barks, the writer/artist of one of the most popular Walt Disney comic book series of the 1950s and 1960s. My thesis is that, in the years following World War II, many Americans had isolationist feelings, and one of the reasons for the success of the Uncle $crooge comic books is that they fed into these feelings on almost a subconscious level.
Effects of excess argon within large diffusion domains on K-feldspar age spectra

Abstract Unusual shapes of 40Ar/39Ar age spectra have long been attributed to the presence of excess argon. We recognize a distinctive age spectrum type brought about by extraneous argon trapped in large diffusion domains. Spectra of this type are characterized by little or no excess argon in low temperature steps, sensible apparent ages over the first ~40 to 50% 39Ar released, an abrupt increase to ages exceeding the permissible age of the sample, followed by either a gradual decrease in age until fusion or an anomalously old plateau segment. Detailed study of one such orthoclase reveals that the excess argon within these samples is likely located in radiogenic argon sites within large diffusion domains. Argon contained within these features is trapped when the domains close to argon loss at ~400°C. Thus, there exists a genetic difference between large-domain-trapped-argon-effect spectra and those saddle-shaped age spectra which result from excess argon trapped in anion vacancies at temperatures below ~350°C.
Physical activity, function, and quality of life: design and methods of the FlexToBa trial.

The Flexibility, Toning, and Balance (FlexToBa™) Trial is a two-armed randomized controlled trial which will contrast the effects of a DVD-delivered, home-based, physical activity intervention and a Healthy Aging attention control condition on physical activity, functional performance, functional limitations, and quality of life in low active, older adults. This innovative trial will recruit 300 participants across central Illinois who will be randomized into the intervention arm or control arm of the study. The intervention will last 6 months with a 6 month follow-up. Assessments at baseline, post intervention and follow-up will include physical activity (self-report and accelerometry), a battery of functional performance measures, functional limitations, quality of life, and an array of psychological health measures. In addition, measures of external validity will be included to determine public health significance of a successful outcome. Participants will engage in a progressive series of activities focusing on flexibility, strengthening, and balance exercises which are demonstrated by a trained exercise leader and age-appropriate models on a series of DVDs. Delivery of the intervention has its basis in social cognitive theory. The specific aims of the trial are (a) to determine the effects of the DVD-delivered FlexToBa™ program on physical activity, functional performance, functional limitations, and quality of life, (b) to examine the mediators of the relationships between physical activity and functional limitations and quality of life, (c) to assess external validity indicators relative to the intervention, and (d) to determine differential effects of the intervention on psychosocial health measures.
The Many Faces of Locke in America's Early Nineteenth-Century Democratic Philosophy

In this article debates among early nineteenth-century politicians regarding America's commitments to rights and popular government are examined. Rather than attribute ideological differences to the influence of alternative intellectual traditions, the author argues that divergent perspectives on these commitments are best understood as alternative interpretations of Locke's Second Treatise. Nineteenth-century politicians may not have read this text, but their arguments parallel important aspects of it. Politicians who wanted to expand the people's power argued that nature and higher law mandated both personal and political rights. Their arguments resemble those of the radical democratic Locke which Ashcraft (1986) describes. Those against increasing popular power argued that people left the state of nature to protect life, liberty, and especially property Their arguments resemble the traditional Locke of Grant (1989) and the bourgeois Locke of Macpherson (1962). Ongoing debates among scholars of the Second Treatise verify that Locke has many faces; nineteenth-century American political thought mirrors those ambiguities.
Intense and localized benthic marine pollution around McMurdo Station, Antarctica☆

Abstract Benthic sediments and animals are highly modified by human activities at McMurdo Station, the largest human settlement in Antarctica. The quantity of anthropogenic debris, contamination of marine sediments with hydrocarbons and metals, and gross changes in benthic communities are largely confined to Winter Quarters Bay, adjacent to the former dump site and the ice dock used by visiting ships. Levels of purgeable hydrocarbons in bay sediments are as high as 4500 ppm. Metal levels are mostly high within the bay, but are not greater than in the most polluted temperate habitats. Levels of anthropogenic chemicals are significantly higher in the back bay compared to stations established at different distances from the bay (along three potential contamination gradients), including reference sites many kilometres away. There are significant negative correlations between the total number of infauna or epifauna and the concentrations of hydrocarbons and most metals in sediments. The few animals living in the back bay are motile polychaete worms with opportunistic life histories, primarily Capitella capitata antarcticum and Ophryotrocha claparedii . Fortunately, the local physical setting apparently permits little transport of contaminated sediments from the bay, which is flanked on one side by a large submarine ridge and on the other by Hut Point. Hut Point also protects the bay from oceanic conditions. The back bay is over 30 m deep and the ridge top is only 18 m deep. The gradient of chemical and community change is extremely steep, but there are observable ecological impacts outside the bay along the front of the station. Although most historical inputs of pollution are removed or reduced and continued cleanup is planned, Winter Quarters Bay may require many decades to recover.
Addressing Disparities in the Quality of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy

Commentary on a study in this issue that examines disparities in the quality of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy received by black and white women within a university setting, and found that black women are more likely than white women to have delays in administration of chemotherapy, reductions in doses, and premature discontinuation of therapy.
Effect of phenobarbital on hyperbilirubinemia, bile acid metabolism, and microsomal enzyme activity in chronic intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood

The effect of phenobarbital upon bile secretion, serum bile acids, serum bilirubin,drug metabolizing activity, and hepatic ultrastructure was systematically evaluated in three children with chronic cholestatic conditions. In a patient with paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, the following were observed in relation to the administration of phenobarbital: (1) decrease in pruritus and jaundice, (2) an increase in biliary secretion, (3) doubling of rose bengal clearance, (4) liver biopsies demonstrating a marked diminution in the size and frequency of bile plugs in the bile canaliculi, and (5) a decrease in plasma half-life of diphenylhydantoin from 12 to 4 hours. A proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum was present in the hepatic cell ultrastructure. Salicylamide, clofibrate, and cholestyramine did not alter serum bilirubin or bile acid levels. These data suggest that phenobarbital administration may evoke an increase in bile secretion in selected patients with chronic cholestatic conditions.
The isolation of a monomeric carboxylic acid of swinholide a from the indo-pacific sponge, theonella swinhoei

Pre-swinholide A (1a), the monomeric carboxylic acid of swinholide A (2) has been isolaled from a sponge collected in Papua New Guinea. Its stereochemistry matches the absolute chirality recently established for 2.
The significance of prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia

Objective To investigate the relationship between the detection of prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) on initial prostate biopsy and subsequent invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods Thirty-six men (mean age 67 years, range 52–82) with PIN underwent digital rectal examination (DRE), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) before the initial biopsy and documentation of PIN. They were followed up with serial PSA, TRUS and a repeat biopsy every 6 months until either invasive carcinoma was identified or 2 years had elapsed. Results The initial biopsy revealed Grade I PIN in 33%, Grade II in 22%, and Grade III in 45% of the men. The repeat biopsy showed evidence of invasive carcinoma in 21 patients (58%; Group I), while 15 (42%) showed persistence of PIN (Group II). In Group I, 19 had had high-grade PIN (Grade II/III) on initial biopsy compared with one in Group II. The findings on DRE, and age, were not significantly different between groups. TRUS revealed a hypoechoic lesion in 15/21 patients in Group I compared with 7/15 patients in Group II. There was an increase in PSA level in 18 patients in Group I (from 8.4 to 11.6 ng/mL). Conclusions PIN and invasive adenocarcinoma of the prostate were closely associated, and the likelihood for coexistence was higher in patients with high-grade PIN, increasing PSA level or positive findings on TRUS. We recommend that all patients who show high-grade PIN on prostate biopsy be followed very closely with serial PSA measurements and repeat biopsies from both the area of PIN and other areas of the prostate.
Coagulation tests and platelet economy in atherosclerotic and control subjects

Blood coagulation was studied in 31 atherosclerotic male subjects and in 44 control male subjects. The mean platelet adhesive index was significantly greater in the atherosclerotic group and the plasma thromboplastin time was significantly shorter. These two tests are measures of the activity of the early stages of coagulation. The other in vitro tests of coagulation showed no significant differences. At present, platelet consumption is probably the only available measure of the activity of the early stages of coagulation in vivo. Platelet survival and daily turnover was accordingly determined with DFP32. Mean platelet survival was shorter and mean platelet turnover was greater in the atherosclerotic group. Division of the groups according to family history of atherosclerosis proved important. The most clearly separated groups were the atherosclerotic group with a positive history and the controls with a negative history. The remaining two subgroups are much more alike. This was true of both in vitro and ...
Analytical modeling of joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration

We present a stochastic model for the performance evaluation of a key phase in the military deployment process, joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration (JRSOI). The process is modeled as an open, multiclass queueing network, wherein personnel and various classes of cargo are modeled as the flow entities and the phases of the process constitute individual queueing stations. We present low and high resolution models that provide a quick look at key aggregate performance measures such as system throughput and closure.
Lack of suppression of vasopressin plasma levels by catapres.

Summary The effect of catapres (clonidine hydrochloride), an alpha-adrenergic agonist with hypotensive and diuretic properties, on release of vasopressin (AVP) was studied. Administration of Catapres to conscious rats or dogs did not alter plasma concentrations of vasopressin. Catapres may modulate the effect of vasopressin by an intrarenal mechanism or by an unknown mechanism.
FLOWS OF NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SUSPENSIONS IN SEVERAL VISCOMETERS

Abstract The theory developed by Jiang et al. (1987) for a flowing suspension of neutrally buoyant spheres in an incompressible Newtonian fluid is further tested for a limiting case of the Couette viscometer, for a limiting case of the cone-plate viscometer, and for the parallel-plate viscometer. Compared with the available data for the Couette viscometer, the average errors are less than 2.6% for y < 0.10, 4.2% for y < 0.15, and 5.5% for y < 0.20. The predictions of its limiting case for very dilute suspensions are capable of representing these data with errors less than 4% for y < 0.08.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS

Summary The author presents indications for each laboratory method actually used in the diagnosis of syphilis.
Analysis of Oxide Wedging during Environment Assisted Crack Growth

Abstract The formation of nonsoluble corrosion products can cause a wedging action within cracks which has the potential to either promote stress corrosion cracking or suppress corrosion fatigue cracking. The magnitude of these effects is dependent on the specifics of the material-environment system, as well as the applied load history. Simple models, based on combining electrochemical and fracture mechanics concepts, have been formulated and shown to be useful in analyzing oxide wedging within cracks. These models were used in conjunction with measured oxide induced crack openings in turbine discs to conclude that oxide wedging does not significantly influence stress corrosion cracking in turbine discs containing NDE-detectable flaw sizes. The measured residual stress intensities were found to be between 10 and 20 MPa·m1/2, these being about 20 to 30% of the applied stress intensities. The major contribution to the measured residual stress intensities was shown to be due to oxide contact remote from the ...
Local government training capacity in Romania: an institutional perspective

Abstract The article deals with the problems and prospects of local government training in Romania. Training for local government is seen as a rather new service that has to be developed, produced and delivered, like all public services. In the Romanian case, this service is delivered in a semi-public manner. Firstly, the paper will take an institutional view of the capacity of local government training and highlight that conditions in the general environment produce almost insurmountable problems for the small local government training sector to strengthen its capacity. Secondly, the capacity of the local government training will be considered from a market perspective. It will be highlighted that the market for local government training is still very imperfect.
THE PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE OF THREE AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING‐AVERAGE MODELS:A MONTE CARLO INVESTIGATION

. The relative accuracy of point and interval forecasts from three related autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models—multivariate, univariate, and transfer function—is evaluated in this study. It is found that the multivariate models produce the most accurate one- and three-step-ahead point forecasts of nonindependent series. However, the most accurate point forecasts of independent series are generated by the univariate models. Compared with the multivariate models, the transfer function predictions are relatively unreliable, but with the appropriate restrictions they are superior to the univariate forecasts in certain cases. Interval forecasts from the correctly specified models are reliable indicators of forecast dispersion.
Peripheral Pseudoaneurysms: An Eleven Year Experience

In the past two years we have operated on an increased number of patients with peripheral pseudoaneurysm. We have observed increasing numbers of in travenous drug abusers seeking medical care. This trend may be due to the fear generated by drug abusers with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Be cause of the dramatic increase in the number of patients with peripheral pseu doaneurysms, due to these patients and civilian violent injuries, we were prompted to analyze the records of the last eleven years to determine the etiol ogy, sites, and types of repairs. Our eleven-year experience with 50 pseu doaneurysms is reviewed.
MoS 2 - x O x solid solutions in thin films produced by rf-sputter-deposition

The chemical composition and structure of MoS2 solid lubricant films are intimately related to their friction and wear characteristics. We have conducted an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of 1-μm thick radio frequency (rf)-sputter-deposited MoS2 films to determine the chemical state of the films, focusing on the role of oxygen impurities. Concentrations of chemisorbed and bulk species were determined from the Mo 3d, S 2p, and O 1s peak shapes and intensities after annealing the films to temperatures from 425 to 975 K. Films deposited on substrates that were at ∼345 K [ambient temperature (AT) films] and on substrates heated to ∼525 K [high temperature (HT) films] both had ∼10% oxygen within the bulk of the films. The relative areas and shapes of the XPS peaks for the HT films at all annealing temperatures were consistent with the formation of a MoS2−xOx solid solution, where O atoms were probably substituted into S sites in the 2H–MoS2 crystal lattice. In AT films, this phase composition was stable only for annealing temperatures ≥725 K, in agreement with previous studies of the changes in crystal structure of AT films with annealing. The results are discussed in terms of previous studies of the structure and composition of sputter-deposited MoS2 films.
Gonadal-hypothalamic interaction in prepubertal and pubertal man: effect of clomiphene citrate on urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and plasma testosterone.

Extract: The effect of administering various doses of clomiphene citrate upon gonadotropin excretion and plasma testosterone in 13 prepubertal and 13 pubertal patients of both sexes was evaluated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by the radioimmunoassay of urinary kaolin-acetone extracts. Clomiphene suppressed FSH excretion in two of five prepubertal patients given 0.1 mg/day for 1 week. There were neither stimulatory nor suppressive effects when 0.01 or 0.001 mg/day of the drug was administered. Urinary gonadotropins and plasma testosterone decreased when 100 mg/day of clomiphene were administered to early pubertal individuals. Neither stimulation nor suppression took place when 10 mg, 1 mg, or 0.1 mg/day were given to early pubertal patients. In two girls in midpuberty who received 100 mg/day of clomiphene, an LH rise was observed, and both of these individuals experienced menarche 17–24 days after the beginning of drug ingestion. Sequential studies in a boy between early and mid puberty revealed a change in gonadotropin and testosterone results from suppression to no response when 100 mg/day of clomiphene were given for 1 week. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the hypothalamus of the early pubertal child is sensitive to negative feedback by the weak estrogen, clomiphene. Not until midpuberty can stimulatory effects of clomiphene, similar to those obtained in the adult, be demonstrated. Speculation: Presumably there is a marked change in the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary negative feedback centers to gonadal steroids during sexual maturation. Since the feedback set-point continues to decrease during puberty, the change in sensitivity may in fact begin early in childhood. Puberty might then be viewed as a continuum lasting several years, secondary sexual characteristics beginning only when a critical level of steadily increasing gonadotropin secretion is attained.
Determination of Si/SiO 2 interfacial roughness using weak localization

The roughness present at the Si/SiOa interface can significantly affect the performance and reliability of MOS devices. Recently the surface cleanin; procedures prior to growth of thin oxide films have been found to be determining factor of the surface texturel. As device oxides become thinner, th quality of the interface morphology will increase in importance. Since th roughness depends on processing parameters, it is important to determine thi quantity for process optimfzation. Most roughness measurement techniques, sue as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelin microscopy @‘I’M). are destructive. Here, we report results obtained by the use c a novel nondestructive technique2 to probe the interface roughness o intentionally textured MOSFETs. This method uses low-temperature magnetoconductsnce measurements i parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields to determine the weak localization correction to the inversion layer conductivity. The parallel-field corrections can b related to the root mean square (rms) fluctuations (roughness) of the inversion layer from ideal planarity2. Since this technique uses electrical measurements the resulting roughness is that sensed by the electrons traversing the inversion layer. Weak localization is a quantum mechanical wave interference * effect whicl becomes pronounced at low temperatures (51 K). When an electron wave scatter elastically around a loop( i.e. returns to its point of origin at a later time) timf reversal symmetry demands that the identical path with opposite chirality b traversed with equal probability.The interference between these partial waves i constructive. The net result is an enhanced resistivity over that expectel classically. The weak localization is due to the contributions of all possible loop; where the limiting size is set by inelastic scattering events. The weak locslizstio~ effect can be turned off by placing a magnetic field on the device since the phas of the electron waves is altered due to the Aharonov-Bohm condition. When th magnetic flux through a loop is one half of h/2e. the relative phase between tb partial waves is x thus the contribution of this loop to the resistance is nulled. Th change in conductivity with a normal field deduces inplane inelastic lengths whil
Women’s Sexual Compliance with Male Dating Partners: Associations with Investment in Ideal Womanhood and Romantic Well-Being

Sexual compliance involves willing acquiescence to unwanted sex for the good of the relationship. Northeastern U.S. undergraduate women in exclusive relationships (N = 193) anonymously reported on their sexual behaviors and motives, investment in ideal womanhood, and romantic well-being. About 37% (n = 72) reported sexual compliance. As expected, sexually compliant women reported greater investment in ideal womanhood than non-compliant women, although unexpectedly, they reported less overall satisfaction and similar commitment. Women’s compliance was motivated more by pursuing relationship enhancement than by avoiding conflict. Regardless, only avoidance motives were associated (negatively) with relationship satisfaction. Compliant women who reported more frequent compliance motivated by conflict avoidance reported particularly low satisfaction. These findings challenge conceptualizations of women’s sexual compliance as beneficial.
Registration of Arkot 9623 and Arkot 9625 Germplasm Lines of Cotton

Arkot 9623 (Reg. No. GP-908, PI 651858) and Arkot 9625 (Reg. No. GP-909, PI 651859) are noncommercial breeding lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2008. Both lines were derived from 1996 crosses using one common parent, Arkot 8712. The second parent of Arkot 9623 was DES 119 N Sm ne. The other parent of Arkot 9625 was ST 474. The lines were evaluated in 16 replicated tests in Arkansas from 2003 to 2006. Lint yields, lint percentage, and seed produced per area for each line were equal to two check cultivars. Both lines are early maturing, with Arkot 9625 significantly earlier than Arkot 9623 and the short-season cultivar SG 105, and Arkot 9623 equal to SG 105. Yield components of Arkot 9623 were similar to the checks, but Arkot 9625 produced larger seed with more lint per seed. Compared with check cultivars, Arkot 9623 fiber length was shorter and strength of both lines was weaker. Leaf pubescence and bract trichome density of the two lines were intermediate between the smooth-leaf and hairy-leaf check cultivars. Compared with the checks, both lines expressed improved resistance to bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye], Fusarium wilt [caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. F. sp. vasinfectum (Atk.) Snyd. & Hans.], root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949], and a seedling disease pathogen. The relative yield, maturity, and line-specific host plant resistance traits make these lines valuable to cotton breeding programs.
Barnum Statements in Reports of Psychological Assessment

Barnum concepts have previously been studied in an experimental paradigm requiring deception and identical personality data for each subject. Three replications of a reliable methodology for identifying Barnum and non-Barnum concepts in actual psychological reports based on Rorschach data suggested some in-context dimensions of Barnum concepts. In addition, the acceptability of different kinds of concepts to assessees in a feedback procedure was related to favorability of concept. The adequacy and relevance of the traditional methodology were discussed.
Emerging evidence on psychosocial effects of cancer cachexia: commentary on Oberholzer et al.

Cancer cachexia occurs in more than 80% of patients with cancer before death. Oberholzer et al. conducted an excellent systematic review of the psychosocial consequences of this syndrome. The authors provide a precise definition of both cancer cachexia and psychosocial effects, and this is helpful in understanding the comprehensive search strategy. The authors identified a total of 19 studies including data from 731 participants. The vast majority of the studies conducted one-time assessments. The methodology consisted mainly of interviews and semistructured questionnaires. The interviews were conducted approximately two to four months before the patient’s death in variable settings ranging from the patient’s home to palliative care units. The authors provide compelling evidence that cachexia is a source of severe psychosocial distress in patients with cancer. They propose a model of psychosocial effects of cancer cachexia over time. The limitation of the model is that most of the evidence consists of onetime interviews. It is possible that cachexiarelated psychosocial distress might increase in some patients and perhaps even decrease in other patients as other problems such as
Thermoelectric properties of ultrathin silicon nanowires

We calculate the room-temperature thermoelectric properties of highly doped ultrathin silicon nanowires (SiNW) of square cross section (3 $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ 3 to 8 $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ 8 nm${}^{2}$) by solving the Boltzmann transport equations for electrons and phonons on an equal footing, using the ensemble Monte Carlo technique for each. We account for the two-dimensional confinement of both electrons and phonons and all the relevant scattering mechanisms, and present data for the dependence of electrical conductivity, the electronic and phononic thermal conductivities, the electronic and phonon-drag Seebeck coefficients, as well as the thermoelectric figure of merit ($ZT$) on the SiNW rms roughness and thickness. $ZT$ in ultrascaled SiNWs does not increase as drastically with decreasing wire cross section as suggested by earlier studies. The reason is surface roughness, which (beneficially) degrades thermal conductivity, but also (adversely) degrades electrical conductivity and offsets the Seebeck coefficient enhancement that comes from confinement. Overall, room-temperature $ZT$ of ultrathin SiNWs varies slowly with thickness, having a soft maximum of about 0.4 at the nanowire thickness of 4 nm.
Sequential location-allocation problems on chains and trees with probabilistic link demands

In this paper, we consider multiperiod minisum location problems on networks in which demands can occur continuously on links according to a uniform probability density function. In addition, demands may change dynamically over time periods and at most one facility can be located per time period. Two types of networks are considered in conjunction with three behavioral strategies. The first type of network discussed is a chain graph. A myopic strategy and long-range strategy for locatingp-facilities are considered, as is a discounted present worth strategy for locating two facilities. Although these problems are generally nonconvex, effective methods are developed to readily identify all local and global minima. This analysis forms the basis for similar problems on tree graphs. In particular, we construct algorithms for the 3-facility myopic problem and the 2-facility long-range and discounted cost problems on a tree graph. Extensions and suggestions for further research on problems involving more general networks are provided.
Integrin distribution during heart development in the long-tailed macaque (M. fascicularis).

Background: Cardiogenesis appears to require cellular and extracellular matrix interactions for normal development. Although numerous matrix components have been identified within embryonic heart tissue, the distribution, and function of their respective integrin receptors, implicated as mediators of cell-matrix interaction, remain unknown in primates. Methods: Using immunocytochemistry, the localization of integrin subunits α1, α5, α6, and β1 were examined in hearts of macaque embryos during early septation and trabeculation, and compared to the distribution of the integrin ligands laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin. Results: At stage 11, α5 reactivity was limited to endothelial cells in the primitive heart. At stage 13, α1 and α5 were additionally detected on mesenchymal cells within the endocardial cushions. On myocardial cells at this stage, α5 stained weakly in all regions, but α1 was not expressed. The α6 subunit appeared more prominent in both stages, being present on myocardial cells throughout the heart, particularly on the basal surface of myocardial cells adjacent to the myocardial basement membrane. Inconsistent reactivity occurred on endothelial cells however, and no staining for α6 was detected on cushion mesenchymal cells. At both stages, β1 reactivity was present on all cardiac cell population and overlapped that of the α-subunits examined. Laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin were detected at each stage and their distribution correlated with that described for the subunits. Conclusions: These results show specific selective patterns of expression for the subunits which are comparable to the localization of their known glycoprotein ligands and suggest defined roles for individual integrins during heart development in primates. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Marked enhancement in electron–hole separation achieved in the low bias region using electrochemically prepared Mo-doped BiVO4 photoanodes

Mo-doped BiVO4 electrodes were prepared by an electrochemical route for use as photoanodes in a photoelectrochemical cell. The purpose of Mo-doping was to improve the electron transport properties, which in turn can increase the electron–hole separation yield. The poor electron–hole separation yield was known to be one of the main limiting factors for BiVO4-based photoanodes. The electrochemical route provided an effective way of doping BiVO4, and the optimally doped sample, BiV0.97Mo0.03O4, increased the electron–hole separation yield from 0.23 to 0.57 at 0.6 V vs. RHE, which is a record high separation yield achieved for BiVO4-based photoanodes. As a result, BiV0.97Mo0.03O4 generated impressive photocurrents, for example, 2 mA cm−2 at a potential as low as 0.4 V vs. RHE for sulfite oxidation, which has fast oxidation kinetics and, therefore, the loss of holes by surface recombination is negligible. For photooxidation of water, BiV0.97Mo0.03O4 was paired with FeOOH as an oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) to improve the poor catalytic ability of BiV0.97Mo0.03O4 for water oxidation. The resulting BiV0.97Mo0.03O4/FeOOH photoanodes generated a significantly improved photocurrent for water oxidation compared to previous reported results, but the photocurrent of BiV0.97Mo0.03O4/FeOOH for water oxidation could not reach the photocurrent of BiV0.97Mo0.03O4 for sulfite oxidation. In order to examine the cause, the effects of Mo-doping on the interaction between BiVO4 and FeOOH and the effects of FeOOH on the electron–hole separation yield of BiV0.97Mo0.03O4 were investigated in detail, which provided new insights into semiconductor–OEC interactions.
Akinesia: A syndrome common to parkinsonism, retarded depression, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A distinct hypokinetic syndrome appears to exist across several different neuropsychiatric diagnoses, involving (1) slowed motor activity with difficulty initiating and sustaining behaviors, (2) anhedonia with depressed mood and reduced affective range, and (3) cognitive impairment. Specifically, three well-recognized states--parkinsonism, retarded depression, and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia--prominently feature the components of this syndrome, and reduced dopamine turnover in the brain has been hypothesized to play a part in the pathophysiology of each. While aspects of this conceptualization remain controversial, it generates testable hypotheses that could have implications for the understanding and treatment of these states.
Dominant negative selection of heterologous genes: isolation of Candida albicans genes that interfere with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor-induced cell cycle arrest.

Abstract We have used a genomic library of Candida albicans to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae and screened for genes that act similarly to dominant negative mutations by interfering with pheromone-mediated cell cycle arrest. Six different plasmids were identified from 2000 transformants; four have been sequenced. One gene (CZF1) encodes a protein with structural motifs characteristic of a transcription factor. A second gene (CCN1) encodes a cyclin homologue, a third (CRL1) encodes a protein with sequence similarity to GTP-binding proteins of the RHO family, and a fourth (CEK1) encodes a putative kinase of the ERK family. Since CEK1 confers a phenotype similar to that of the structurally related S. cerevisiae gene KSS1 but cannot complement a KSS1 defect, it is evident that dominant negative selection can identify proteins that complementation screens would miss. Because dominant negative mutations exert their influence even in wild-type strain backgrounds, this approach should be a general method for the analysis of complex cellular processes in organisms not amenable to direct genetic analysis.
Proteolytic activity in brain and spinal cord in sensitive and resistant strains of rat and mouse subjected to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Abstract Resistant and sensitive strains of mice (BSVS and BRVR) and rats (Lewis and Brown Norway) were used as models for determining if changes in proteolytic enzymes occur as a result of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The discrete anatomical areas affected by EAE were analyzed for acid proteinase (with hemoglobin as substrate), cathepsin A (carbobenzoxy (Z)-Glu-Tyr), aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly) and arylamidase (Arg-βNA). (1) In the sensitive Lewis rats, EAE was accompanied by a significant rise in acid proteinase (E.C. 3.4.4.23) in spinal cord homogenates from 8.4 reaching a maximum of 13.1 μmoles/g fresh weight, 20 days after sensitization. No comparable changes were seen in cathepsin A activity during the same period. Activity of these two enzymes in spleen was unaffected by EAE. (2) In BSVS (sensitive) and BRVR (resistant) strains of mice no significant changes occurred in the ventricular angles, or the perivenous region of the upper vermis of the cerebellum for any of the proteolytic enzymes. Sensitization in both strains was accompanied by increased organ weights of spleen and thymus but with a more rapid return to control values in the resistant BRVR strain. No enzymatic changes in liver homogenates were observed in both strains. The significance of these changes in relation to susceptibility to EAE in different strains and species is discussed.
Trimming of the magnetic field for the K-500 cyclotron at M.S.U.

Abstract The expected final characteristics of the magnetic field of the K-500 cyclotron at MSU are presented, together with the procedure used to properly shape and trim the field. The equilibrium orbits' properties of a number of representative ions are also given and discussed in detail.