cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GTP hydrolysis links initiation and termination of nuclear import on the nucleoporin nup358.

Binding of GTP-bound Ran (RanGTP) to karyopherin β1 (Kapβ1) releases import cargo into the nucleus. Using an ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional approach, we have studied the mechanism by which Kapβ1·RanGTP is recycled at the nuclear pore complex for repeated rounds of import. In vitro, Kapβ1 bound to the RanBP1-homologous (RBH) domains of Nup358 in the presence of either RanGTP or RanGDP, forming trimeric complexes. The Kapβ1·RanGTP·RBH complex resisted dissociation by RanBP1 and GTP hydrolysis by Ran GTPase activating protein 1. Ran-dependent binding of gold-conjugated Kapβ1 to the cytoplasmic fibers of the nuclear pore complex in digitonin-permeabilized cells and RanBP1 competition confirmed the in vitro binding data. Interaction of karyopherin α and a classical nuclear localization sequence peptide with the Kapβ1·RanGTP·RBH complex stimulated GTP hydrolysis by Ran GTPase activating protein 1 both in vitro and in permeabilized cells. This GTP hydrolysis was required for reinitiation of import of a nuclear localization sequence-bearing substrate in permeabilized cells. These data suggest that GTP hydrolysis on the RBH domains of Nup358 couples the termination of one cycle of nuclear import with the initiation of the next.
Extension of a generalized quartic equation of state to pure polar fluids

A generalized four-parameter quartic equation of state (EOS) proposed by Shah and coworkers (1992, 1994) was extended to polar fluids. To use the new generalized quartic EOS for polar fluids, only four characteristic properties of the pure compound are required--critical temperature, critical volume, acentric factor, and dipole moment. For nonpolar fluids, the previous equation is recovered and its superior performance for nonpolar fluids is retained. A new set of coefficients for polar fluids for the EOS was determined from multiproperty regressions using literature data for various physical and thermodynamic experimental properties of 30 pure compounds. These regressed coefficients, which are functions of the critical temperature, critical pressure, acentric factor, and the dipole moment of the fluid, were generalized. The accurate of this equation of state is evaluated with the new set of regressed coefficients to predict thermodynamic properties of pure polar compounds, including vapor pressure, density, residual enthalpy, enthalpy of vaporization, and second virial coefficient. The capability and accuracy of this quartic equation of state are also compared with the well-known Peng-Robinson EOS.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind Study To Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Fospropofol Disodium Injection for Moderate Sedation in Patients Undergoing Flexible Bronchoscopy

Background Fospropofol disodium is a water-soluble prodrug of propofol with unique pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluated the use of fospropofol in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Methods Patients ≥ 18 years of age were randomized (2:3) to receive fospropofol, 2 mg/kg or 6.5 mg/kg, after pretreatment with fentanyl, 50 μg. Supplemental doses of each were given per protocol. The primary end point was sedation success, which was defined as follows: three consecutive Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores of ≤ 4 plus procedure completion without alternative sedative medication and/or mechanical ventilation. Other end points included treatment success, patient/physician satisfaction, and safety. Results Of 252 patients, 150 were randomized to receive 6.5 mg/kg fospropofol; 102 were randomized to receive 2 mg/kg fospropofol. Sedation success rates were 88.7% and 27.5%, respectively (p Conclusions Fospropofol provided safe and effective sedation for patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00306722
Relation between appropriateness of primary therapy for earlystage breast carcinoma and increased use of breast-conserving surgery

Summary Background Breast-conserving surgery is a more complex treatment than mastectomy, because a separate incision is needed for axillary lymph-node dissection, and postoperative radiotherapy is necessary. We postulated that adoption of this therapy into clinical practice might have led to discrepancies between the care recommended and that received. Methods We used records of the US national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumour registry to study 144 759 women aged 30 years and older who underwent surgery for early-stage breast cancer between 1983 and 1995. We calculated the proportion undergoing at least the minimum appropriate primary treatment (defined, in accordance with the recommendations of a National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference in 1990, as total mastectomy with axillary node dissection or breastconserving surgery with axillary node dissection and radiotherapy) during each 3-month period. Findings The proportion of women receiving appropriate primary therapy fell from 88% in 1983-89 to 78% by the end of 1995. This decline was observed in all subgroups of age, race, stage, and population density. Of all women in the cohort, the proportion undergoing an inappropriate form of mastectomy remained stable at about 2·7% throughout the study period. The proportion undergoing an inappropriate form of breast-conserving surgery (omission of radiotherapy, axillary node dissection, or both) increased from 10% in 1989 to 19% at the end of 1995. Interpretation Although most women undergo appropriate care, the appropriateness of care for early-stage breast cancer in the USA declined from 1990 to 1995. Because the proportion of all women who were treated by breastconserving surgery increased, and because this approach was more likely than was mastectomy to be applied inappropriately, the proportion of all women having inappropriate care increased.
Insulin resistance and circadian rhythm of cardiac autonomic modulation

Background Insulin resistance (IR) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), is also associated with CVD mortality and CVD morbidity. Currently, there are limited data about the impairment of IR on the circadian pattern of CAM. Therefore, we conducted this investigation to exam the association between IR and the circadian oscillations of CAM in a community-dwelling middle-aged sample.
Effect of illlumination on thermionic emission from microfabricated silicon carbide structures

Microfabricated thermionic emitters form a crucial part of thermionic energy converters, which could find applications in future concentrated solar thermal power plants. Here we report a new stress-relieved design for p-doped and n-doped silicon carbide (SiC) emitters, measurements of their thermionic emission and work functions at temperatures of up to 2900K, and the effect of optical irradiation on both types of SiC emitters. We also report the first observation of the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) in a thin-film microfabricated emitter.
The Development of Knowledge Concerning Written Arithmetic: A Cross-Cultural Study

Abstract This study is concerned with the manner in which Western mathematics is assimilated by children raised in traditional African cultures. It was predicted that after an initial period of difficulty in learning school arithmetic, African children (Baoule and Dioula from the Ivory Coast) acquire basic concepts, develop invented strategies, and make errors similar to those of American children. Further, it was predicted that Dioula children, since they are members of a commercial culture, perform at a somewhat higher level than the Baoule, members of a farming culture which does not seem to stress computational activity. To investigate these hypotheses, American, Baoule, and Dioula children at two age levels were given a variety of arithmetic problems involving basic skills (e.g., reading numbers), number knowledge (e.g., place value), and calculationl abilities (e.g., written computation). The results showed that, in general, older African and American children (fifth-and sixth-graders) were quite si...
MCORES: a system for noun phrase coreference resolution for clinical records

Objective Narratives of electronic medical records contain information that can be useful for clinical practice and multi-purpose research. This information needs to be put into a structured form before it can be used by automated systems. Coreference resolution is a step in the transformation of narratives into a structured form. Methods This study presents a medical coreference resolution system (MCORES) for noun phrases in four frequently used clinical semantic categories: persons, problems, treatments, and tests. MCORES treats coreference resolution as a binary classification task. Given a pair of concepts from a semantic category, it determines coreferent pairs and clusters them into chains. MCORES uses an enhanced set of lexical, syntactic, and semantic features. Some MCORES features measure the distance between various representations of the concepts in a pair and can be asymmetric. Results and Conclusion MCORES was compared with an in-house baseline that uses only single-perspective ‘token overlap’ and ‘number agreement’ features. MCORES was shown to outperform the baseline; its enhanced features contribute significantly to performance. In addition to the baseline, MCORES was compared against two available third-party, open-domain systems, RECONCILEACL09 and the Beautiful Anaphora Resolution Toolkit (BART). MCORES was shown to outperform both of these systems on clinical records.
Order parameters based on (13)C(1)H, (13)C(1)H(2) and (13)C(1)H(3) heteronuclear dipolar powder patterns: a comparison of MAS-based solid-state NMR sequences.

Order parameters describing conformational exchange processes on the nanosecond to microsecond timescale can be obtained from powder patterns in solid-state NMR (SSNMR) experiments.1–3 Extensions of these experiments to magic-angle spinning (MAS) based high-resolution experiments have been demonstrated,4–6 which show a great promise for site-specific probes of biopolymers. In this study, we present a detailed comparison of two pulse sequences, transverse Manfield–Rhim–Elleman–Vaughn (T-MREV) and Lee–Goldburg cross-polarization (LGCP), using experimental and simulation tools to explore their utility in the study of order parameters. We discuss systematic errors due to passively coupled 13C or 1H nuclei, as well as due to B1 inhomogeneity. Both pulse sequences can provide quantitative measurements of the order parameter, but the LGCP experiment is capable of greater accuracy provided that the B1 field is highly homogeneous. The T-MREV experiment is far better compensated for B1 inhomogeneity, and it also performs better in situations with limited signal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spyware Knowledge in Anti-Spyware Program Adoption: Effects on Risk, Trust, and Intention to Use

Spyware is a serious threat, posing severe privacy and security issues. The best way for users to reduce the threat from spyware is to adopt anti-spyware programs. While previous studies have identified various determinants of anti-spyware adoption, some factors have not yet been examined. Based on the theory of reasoned action, this study presents a parsimonious model for users' intention to adopt anti-spyware programs. Structural equation modeling is used to empirically test a model. Every hypothesis is supported except the relationship between Internet familiarity and knowledge of spyware. This study concludes with discussions and implications for research and practice.
Rethinking turbidite paleoseismology along the Cascadia subduction zone

A stratigraphic synthesis of dozens of deep-sea cores, most of them overlooked in recent decades, provides new insights into deepsea turbidites as guides to earthquake and tsunami hazards along the Cascadia subduction zone, which extends 1100 km along the Pacific coast of North America. The synthesis shows greater variability in Holocene stratigraphy and facies off the Washington coast than was recognized a quarter century ago in a confluence test for seismic triggering of sediment gravity flows. That test compared counts of Holocene turbidites upstream and downstream of a deep-sea channel junction. Similarity in the turbidite counts among seven core sites provided evidence that turbidity currents from different submarine canyons usually reached the junction around the same time, as expected of widespread seismic triggering. The fuller synthesis, however, shows distinct differences between tributaries, and these differences suggest sediment routing for which the confluence test was not designed. The synthesis also bears on recent estimates of Cascadia earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals. The magnitude estimates hinge on stratigraphic correlations that discount variability in turbidite facies. The recurrence estimates require turbidites to represent megathrust earthquakes more dependably than they do along a flow path where turbidite frequency appears limited less by seismic shaking than by sediment supply. These concerns underscore the complexity of extracting earthquake history from deep-sea turbidites at Cascadia.
An Inline QC Method for Determining Serial Dilution Performance of DMSO-Based Systems

Serial dilution of compounds solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for dose-response curves is a common method for efficacy analysis of potential drug candidates. In general, serial dilution methods are particularly prone to error propagation because each dilution is dependent on the previous concentration. Moreover, assumptions about quality control parameters (i.e., dye linearity) can lead to an erroneous process. Here, an inline performance measurement is sought to improve the precision and accuracy of dilution plates. Sulforhodamine 101 (S101) dye is introduced as the quantitative fluorometric method of choice for DMSO-based systems. Although S101 in DMSO behaves in a nonlinear fashion over its detectable range, we account for this with a direct calibration method that includes every point of the dilution template. This report contains dye selection rationale for the S101 dye and its use in quantifying the performance of 96- and 384-well dilution protocols as tested on five identical instruments.
Approach Aversion: Negative Hedonic Reactions Toward Approaching Stimuli

We live in a dynamic world, surrounded by moving stimuli—moving people, moving objects, and moving events. The current research proposes and finds an approach aversion effect—individuals feel less positively (or more negatively) about a stimulus if they perceive it to be approaching rather than receding or static. The effect appears general, occurring whether the stimulus is initially negative or nonnegative and whether it moves in space (toward or away from “here”), in time (toward or away from “now”), or in probability (toward or away from “sure”). This research complements extensive existing research on perceived static distance of stimuli (near vs. far) by exploring perceived dynamic movement of stimuli (approaching vs. receding), showing that the effect of movement is distinct from the effect of distance.
Nonlinear optical imaging of cellular processes in breast cancer

Nonlinear optical imaging techniques such as multiphoton and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy used in conjunction with novel signal analysis techniques such as spectroscopic and fluorescence excited state lifetime detection have begun to be used widely for biological studies. This is largely due to their promise to noninvasively monitor the intracellular processes of a cell together with the cell's interaction with its microenvironment. Compared to other optical methods these modalities provide superior depth penetration and viability and have the additional advantage in that they are compatible technologies that can be applied simultaneously. Therefore, application of these nonlinear optical approaches to the study of breast cancer holds particular promise as these techniques can be used to image exogeneous fluorophores such as green fluorescent protein as well as intrinsic signals such as SHG from collagen and endogenous fluorescence from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or flavin adenine dinucleotide. In this article the application of multiphoton excitation, SHG, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to relevant issues regarding the tumor-stromal interaction, cellular metabolism, and cell signaling in breast cancer is described. Furthermore, the ability to record and monitor the intrinsic fluorescence and SHG signals provides a unique tool for researchers to understand key events in cancer progression in its natural context.
Mundane Consumption and the Self: A Social-Identity Perspective

The self—a sense of who and what we are—is suggested as an organizing construct through which people's everyday activities can be understood. Life's mundane tasks and the consumer behaviors necessary to enact them are cast in a perspective of self little used by consumer psychologists—social—identity theory. Two structural modeling studies in support of the perspective are reported. The results of the first one imply that people use products to enact one of their social identities and that products relate only indirectly to the overall or global self. The second study indicates that the frequency with which activities are performed depends on the salience of the identity they represent and that such salience, in turn, depends on several enabling factors. Taken together, the studies provide theoretical support for the common-sense notion that we are attracted to products that are consistent with, and that enable the enactment of, the various social identities which make up our sense of self; the more important an identity to us, the more attractive its associated products.
Blind equalization and channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output communications systems

Equalization and estimation of the matrix impulse response function of MIMO digital communications channels in the absence of any training sequences is considered. An iterative, Godard (1980) cost based approach is considered for spatio-temporal equalization and MIMO impulse response estimation. Stationary points of the cost function are investigated and it is shown that all stable local minima correspond to desirable minima when doubly infinite equalizers are used. The inputs are extracted and cancelled one-by-one. The matrix impulse response is then obtained by cross-correlating the extracted inputs with the observed outputs. Identifiability conditions are analyzed. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the proposed approach.
Cloning, genomic organization, expression, and effect on β-casein promoter activity of a novel isoform of the mouse Oct-1 transcription factor

The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Oct-1, a member of the POU domain factors, is involved in the regulation of expression of many tissue-specific and house-keeping genes. Multiple alternatively spliced isoforms of Oct-1 have been identified in human and mouse cells. The expression patterns of these isoforms and the analysis of their genomic organization and structure have suggested that the structural variation of Oct-1 isoforms may be important in conferring target and tissue specificity to its transcriptional activity. In this study, we have cloned and sequenced a new mouse Oct-1 isoform, named mOct-1Z. This novel isoform differs markedly at the C-terminus from the previously identified Oct-1 isoforms A, B, and C. It is generated by alternative splicing from the Oct-1 gene and its transcript exhibits a frameshift followed by an early stop codon, thus, its predicted protein has a distinct, much shorter C-terminal tail. However, this truncated isoform could still effectively bind to a consensus Oct-1 motif oligonucleotide and, like Oct-1B, activated the basal promoter activity of the mouse beta-casein gene. Oct-1Z is another ubiquitously expressed Oct-1 isoform, its transcript being detected in all mouse tissues examined, including the mammary gland, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, small intestine mucosa, uterus, and ovary.
The Half-Life of Tritium by Absolute Counting

Results of a measurement of the half-life of tritium by absolute counting are presented. The method consisted of the mass spectrometric analysis of a hydrogen-tritium mixture enriched in tritium, the dilution of some of this material with hydrogen in a known way to a countable level of activity, and the counting of a portion of the diluted gas in a Geiger counter of known effective volume. The half-life was found to be 12.41 with uncertainties of plus 0.15 and minus 0.25 year.
Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis: a complication of vasectomy?

Three cases of Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis have been reported in patients with a history of vasectomy preceding the development of endocarditis. We describe a new case of a 39-year-old man who developed infective endocarditis due to S lugdunensis after vasectomy. He was successfully treated with a 7-week course of intravenous antibiotics and subsequently underwent mitral valve reconstruction for severe mitral regurgitation. The present case further supports an association between vasectomy and S lugdunensis endocarditis.
On the design of a virtual learning environment for mechanical vibrations

A virtual learning environment for assisting undergraduate engineering students in understanding the concepts of mechanical vibrations by simulation experiments was recently designed at Stevens Institute of Technology. This system enables the students to explore various vibration phenomena, including free and forced vibrations, transient and steady-state response, resonance, viscous and Coulomb damping, etc. When used in conjunction with an existing set of vibration devices that can be remotely operated through the Web, this simulator provides a rich laboratory environment for students, both on and off campus. This paper will describe the design, implementation and testing of the simulation module. Special attention was placed on devising an architecture that is computer platform independent and highly scalable in order to facilitate the sharing of this resource with other educational institutions. In addition to the design and implementation, this paper will also summarize briefly the usage of this vibration simulator in a course on machine dynamics taken by juniors in mechanical engineering and highlight some results of a pilot study on the educational effectiveness conducted in that course.
The efficient transformation of (m0|n0) to (ab|cd) two-electron repulsion integrals

Abstract A new method is presented for transforming (m0|n0) integrals to (ab|cd) integrals efficiently. A key feature of the new approach is the optimization of the total number of memory operations (mops) rather than floating-point operations (flops). Solutions to the inherent tree-search problem were obtained which are radically different than those following when flops are taken as the cost function. These involve new, multi-unit angular momentum transfer relations which belong to a general family having the familiar one-unit transfer relation of Head—Gordon and Pople as its simplest member. CPU timings demonstrate the new method to be clearly superior to two others considered, including optimal use of the one-unit transfer relation alone.
COMPOSITION OF CAVITY-NESTING BIRD COMMUNITIES IN MONTANE ASPEN WOODLAND FRAGMENTS: THE ROLES OF LANDSCAPE CONTEXT AND FOREST STRUCTURE

Abstract We compared cavity-nesting bird communities in aspen (Populus tremuloides) woodland fragments classified on the basis of vegetation structure (tree density) and landscape context (surrounding vegetation). We found very few cavity nesters in fragments predominantly surrounded by forests. Fragments adjacent to meadows contained more species and a greater abundance of cavity nesters. Species richness and abundance were higher in sparsely than in densely treed meadow fragments. Because secondary cavity nesters are often limited by cavity availability, we augmented natural cavities with nest boxes. Although only five boxes contained bird nests, these were all in sparse aspen fragments predominantly surrounded by meadows. However, we found 25 northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) nests in boxes, none of which were in sparse meadow fragments. In addition to highlighting the importance of landscape context in avian and mammalian habitat relationships, our results suggest that predator or competit...
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors that induce the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts and stimulate the formation of new bone in areas requiring repair. This is critical in spinal fusion surgery and in the treatment of nonunion in long bone fractures where the formation of new bone is desired.
Verification procedures for quantum noiseless subsystems

We examine the problem of verifying the implementation of a desired noiseless subsystem from a quantum error-correcting perspective. General conditions are identified, under which the verification of error-correcting behavior against a linear set of errors $\mathcal{E}$ suffices for the verification of noiseless subsystems of an error algebra $\mathcal{A}$ contained in $\mathcal{E}.$ From a practical standpoint, our results imply that the verification of a noiseless subsystem need not require the explicit verification of noiseless behavior for all possible initial states of the syndrome subsystem.
Bulk Density of Tricalcium Phosphate as a Significant Variable in the Suppression of Insect Populations in Flour and Wheat Soy Blend

The apparent bulk density of different tricalcium phosphate (TCP) samples incorporated into flour or wheat soy blend significantly influenced its insect-suppressant activity. Samples with a lower bulk density were much more effective in controlling the insect species tested both in population studies and in larval growth responses. In mode of action studies, no adverse effect was noted on the secretion of the digestive enzyme, sucrase, in midguts of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae fed TCP-treated flour. In addition, the inhibitory effect of TCP could be quickly reversed by changing the diet with no apparent permanent physiological effect on the insects. A significant decrease in moisture content due to a dramatic fresh weight loss occurred in adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) reared on TCP-treated wheat soy blend. Female T. castaneum were more susceptible than males to this lethal desiccation effect. The mechanism of this apparent physical process is not known.
Low-complexity distributed algorithms for uplink CoMP in heterogeneous LTE networks

Coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) techniques are being touted as enabling technologies for interference mitigation in next generation heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets). In this paper, we present a comparative performance study of uplink (UL) CoMP algorithms for the 3GPP LTE HetNets. Focusing on a distributed and functionally-split architecture, we consider six distinct UL-CoMP algorithms: 1. Joint reception in the frequency-domain (JRFD) 2. Two-stage equalization (TSEQ) 3. Log-likelihood ratio exchange (LLR-E) 4. Symmetric TSEQ (S-TSEQ) 5. Transport block selection diversity (TBSD) 6. Coordinated scheduling with adaptive interference mitigation (CS-AIM) where JRFD, TSEQ, S-TSEQ, TBSD and CS-AIM are our main contributions in this paper, and quantify their relative performances via the post-processing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio distributions. We also compare the CoMP-specific front-haul rate requirements for all the schemes considered in this paper. Our results indicate that, with a linear minimum mean-square error receiver, the JRFD and TSEQ have identical performances, whereas S-TSEQ relaxes the front-haul latency requirements while approaching the performance of TSEQ. Furthermore, in a HetNet environment, we find that CS-AIM provides an attractive alternative to TBSD and LLR-E with a significantly reduced CoMP-specific front-haul rate requirement.
Augmentation regimens for depression.

When antidepressant therapy fails to ameliorate the cardinal features of depression--e.g., sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance, suicidality--the clinician must seek an alternate treatment strategy. Treatment nonresponse is usually defined as persistence of depression after 6 weeks of adequate doses as shown by plasma concentrations of antidepressant medication. After the clinician has reassessed the patient and, in particular, the diagnosis of major depression, two major options are available: (1) taper the current antidepressant and initiate a trial of an unrelated antidepressant or (2) potentiate the antidepressant effects of the current antidepressant and initiate a trial of an unrelated antidepressant or (2) potentiate the antidepressant effects of the current antidepressant with either thyroid hormone, usually T3, or lithium. This paper describes in detail the usefulness of these two adjuncts in potentiating the effects of antidepressants and in converting antidepressant medication nonresponders to responders. Other augmentation strategies are also briefly described, including the concurrent use of two antidepressants from different drug classes.
RNS-Tumorvirus-ähnliche Partikel in menschlichen Melanomen mit spezifischen Beziehungen zu einem Mäusemelanomvirus

Untersuchungen zur Frage der Virusatiologie menschlicher Neoplasmen werden betrachtlich erleichtert durch die Verfugbarkeit animaler Modellsysteme. So konnte durch Vergleichsexperimente mit dem Rauscher-Mauseleukamie- und dem Mouse-Mammary-Tumorvirus gezeigt werden, das 100% aller menschlichen Leukamien [1–4] und 70 bis 80% aller menschlichen Lymphome [5–7], Sarkome [8] und Brustkrebse [9, 10] Partikel enthalten, die den entsprechenden animalen RNS-Tumorviren weitgehend gleichen. Auser der fur RNS-Tumorviren charakteristischen, hochmolekularen, in der Ultrazentrifuge’mit 70 s sedimentie-renden RNS, einer mit der RNS eng verbundenen RNS-abhangigen DNS-Poly-merase (umgekehrte Transkriptase) und der charakteristischen physikalischen Dichte von 1,16 bis 1,19 g/cm3 enthalten die menschlichen Partikel Basensequenzen in ihrer RNS, die der RNS der analogen animalen Viren teilweise identisch sind. Diese Sequenzhomologien zwischen animalen Leukamie- und Brustkrebsviren und den entsprechenden menschlichen Partikeln stellen wohl die zur Zeit beste Evidenz fur die mogliche atiologische Bedeutung von RNS-Tumorviren auch bei menschlichen Malignomen dar.
Functional significance of spines in the Pennsylvanian horseshoe crab Euproops danae

Euproops danae, a xiphosuran from the Mazon Creek (Braidwood) Fauna, had two sets of spines—genal and ophthalmic—extending from the posterior margin of its prosoma. In young individuals, the genal spines were longer than the ophthalmic spines. During growth, the relative length of each type of spine increased, but the rate of increase was much greater for ophthalmic spines. In order to explain these morphological and ontogenetic features, I have studied the hydrodynamic behavior of whole-animal models representing the actual morphology of E. danae, and various modifications thereof, at different body sizes. It can be argued that passive settling, while in an enrolled posture, was probably the primary defensive reaction that a swimming individual would have exhibited in response to an encounter with a potential predator. Experiments show that the array of spines on E. danae was an important control on the style of settling experienced by an enrolled individual. Models of the actual morphology settle steadily, while models with either longer or shorter prosomal spines tend to undergo lateral oscillations induced by turbulence in the wake. Steady fall would have rendered the horseshoe crab less perceptible to either the visual or lateral line systems of contemporary aquatic vertebrates, and thus a morphology capable of producing it would have been an important adaptation for reducing the risk of predation. This minimization of oscillatory movement would actually obtain for a variety of conceivable spine morphologies, but actual morphologies represent those ‘solutions’ which simultaneously optimize other aspects of spine function, such as mechanical protection. This optimum design changes during ontogeny because settling dynamics scale non-linearly with size. This work has both specific applications to the interpretation of similar structures in other arthropods and more general implications for the study of evolutionary functional morphology.
Adipose Tissue Engineering

Adipose tissue engineering strategies have been widely researched to develop methods to engineer natural, autologous tissue to repair soft tissue defects resulting from traumatic injury, congenital defects, or tumor resections. The development of viable adipose tissue for clinical use requires coordination between the key aspects of the tissue engineering process, which include an appropriate cell source, scaffold material, cellular environment, and mode of delivery or implantation. This chapter provides an overview of biomaterials that have been used, to date, in adipose tissue engineering strategies and a discussion of the success and limitations of each method.
Fundamentals of Rigid Body Dynamics

In most cases of practical interest, aircraft can be modeled as six degrees-of-freedom rigid bodies subject to aerodynamic forces and moments, the gravitational force, and the forces and moments exerted by the engines and the control surfaces. In this chapter, we discuss in kinematic and dynamic equations that capture the motion of rigid bodies. Special emphasis is put on the notion of angular velocity, the Tait–Bryan angles and their properties, quaternions and Euler parameters, and Newton’s and Euler’s laws. The framework presented in this chapter is quite unique and is worth being examined in detail.
Frontline worker compliance with transparency reforms: Barriers posed by family and financial responsibilities

Significant development funding flows to informational interventions intended to improve public services. Such “transparency fixes” often depend on the cooperation of frontline workers who produce or disseminate information for citizens. This article examines frontline worker compliance with a transparency intervention in Bangalore's water sector. Why did compliance vary across neighborhoods, and why did workers exhibit modest rates of compliance overall? Drawing on ethnographic observation and an original data set, this article finds that variation in workers' family responsibilities and financial circumstances largely explains variation in compliance with the intervention. Furthermore, workers often prioritize long-standing responsibilities over new tasks seen as add-ons, leading to modest rates of compliance overall. Perceptions of “core” jobs can be sticky—especially when reaffirmed through interactions with citizens. This article represents one of the first multimethod companions to a field experiment, and illustrates how the analysis of qualitative and observational data can contribute to impact evaluation.
Real-time amplifier optimization algorithm for adaptive radio using a tunable-varactor matching network

Fast load impedance tuning of a varactor diode matching network to maximize amplifier gain in real-time reconfigurable circuitry is demonstrated. A published tunable varactor-diode matching topology is designed for operation at 1.3 GHz to provide significant Smith Chart coverage. A steepest-ascent algorithm is applied for fast optimization, and measurement results indicate excellent convergence from multiple starting points within the Smith Chart. Algorithm data compares well with traditional loadpull results measured with both a commercially available tuner and the tunable-varactor network, and searching with the varactor tuner search is much faster than a traditional mechanical tuner.
Does the Timing of Middle Turbinate Resection Influence Quality-of-Life Outcomes for Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis?

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of bilateral middle turbinate resection (BMTR) on patient-reported quality of life following primary and revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsPatients with CRS who were recruited from 11 otolaryngologic practices completed the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test–22, Chronic Sinusitis Survey, and EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaires at baseline, as well as 3 and 12 months after ESS. In the primary ESS cohort (n = 406), patients who underwent BMTR (n = 78) at the time of surgery were compared with patients (n = 328) whose middle turbinates were preserved. In the revision ESS cohort (n = 363), a similar comparison was made between patients who did (n = 64) and did not (n = 299) undergo BMTR.ResultsSino-Nasal Outcome Test–22, Chronic Sinusitis Survey, and EuroQol 5-Dimension scores showed similar improvements for both the turbinate resection and preservation cohorts at 3 m...
Water and Energy Development in Southeastern Montana

Abstract Southeastern Montana is experiencing rapid development of its extensive coal deposits, with significant impact on the area's hydrologic, social, and economic systems. Energy conversion projects threaten to dewater rivers, degrade water quality, and endanger aquatic life. Industrial development is stimulating a boom economy and energy development requires more water than is available. To date, requests for appropriation of stream flow far exceed annual discharge. Also, water which is hydrologically available may not be legally available due to a new water rights system, Indian lawsuits, and state policy towards water resource development
TCT-579 Periprocedural Pulmonary Venous Waveforms Predict Rehospitalization and Mortality after Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

The effects of hemodynamic changes during percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) with MitraClip (Abbott Vascular) are incompletely characterized. We compared periprocedural invasive and echocardiographic hemodynamic changes with clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year. We hypothesized that
Erb's palsy. Long-term results of treatment in eighty-eight cases.

1. A long-term follow-up in eighty-eight patients with obstetrical palsy (Erb's) is presented.2. Although the incidence has decreased over the years, this birth injury still occurs and presents problems in diagnosis and prognosis as well as early and late management.3. Maximum recovery may require e
“Swych feste it joye was to sene”: On the Pornographic Possibilities of Troilus and Criseyde

In Chap. 7 Gust presents an in-depth examination of the Chauceroticism found in Troilus and Criseyde, which is rendered through Chaucer’s suggestive use of the “cloak of language.” This complex narrative puts on microcosmic display the kaleidoscopic vision of medieval eroticism that is seen in Chaucer’s entire poetic oeuvre, and is shown to be full of pornographic possibility in several key moments—especially in the central Third Book of the poem. Gust shows that the text’s voyeuristic imaginary offers the audience a new sexual configuration that simultaneously diverges from and enhances the erotic vision of Chaucer’s fabliaux. In the evocative lovemaking of the consummation scene, Chaucer presents the reader with the ultimate example of pornographic joissance in the Middle English literary corpus.
Ecological and Social Linkages in Urban Design Projects: A Synthesis

What are some of the key modes of operation that designers might use to realize and integrate ecology and society into their designs? It is hard to imagine a top-down, reductive guidebook for such an enterprise. Art and science are much too complex and dynamic. An alternative, bottom-up approach is to examine designs where the ambition is to incorporate ecology and society and consider what general lessons can be observed.
Using only two magnetorquers to de-tumble a 2U CubeSAT

Abstract A CubeSAT is a small satellite on the order of 10 cm along each axis. A 1U satellite is a small cube with 10 cm sides. A 2U CubeSAT has the volume of two single 1U satellites. The size of the satellite is 10 × 10 × 20 cm. These satellites are used for a variety of missions and created by a variety of different organizations. When deployed from a rocket, a CubeSAT may obtain a large angular velocity which must be reduced before most science missions or communications can take place. Maximizing solar energy charging also involves better pointing accuracy. To control the attitude of these small satellites, thrusters, reaction wheels or magnetorquers are used. On a standard CubeSAT, 3 reaction wheels are used as well as 3 magnetorquers. In the initial phase of the CubeSAT mission, the magnetorquers are used to reduce the angular velocity of the satellite down to a manageable level. Once the norm of the angular velocity is low enough, the reaction wheels can spin up reducing the angular velocity to zero. This paper derives a simple control scheme that allows the performance of the de-tumbling maneuver to decline while reducing the number magnetorquers by 1. Thus, the de-tumbling maneuver is completed using 2 magnetorquers rather than 3. This reduces complexity of the satellite, saves weight and reduces energy consumed by the satellite which can be used for other power hungry devices.
Wordsworth’s Sibling Logic: “We Are Seven” and “Tintern Abbey”

This essay proposes that the logic of sibling kinship—in particular, siblinghood’s inter-subjective, networked, and horizontal forms of relationality—enhances our understanding of William Wordsworth’s poetic subject. Focusing on sibling-oriented works across Lyrical Ballads, including “Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey” and “We are Seven,” I consider how the poet’s vision of selfhood extends beyond an inclusive, solitary “egotistical sublime” to incorporate, instead, a multi-dimensional sense of interconnectedness with others. Such sibling inter-subjectivity, this piece argues, proves to be far more integral to Wordsworth’s poetic identity than occasional references to his sister Dorothy have otherwise implied. While Wordsworth’s sibling speakers reflect historical realities of family systems during the late eighteenth century, I demonstrate how these poeticized siblings also reverberate with contemporary notions of queer temporality, as they embody Wordsworth’s consciousness of an int...
Regulatory Considerations for Cancer Drug Products Containing Nanomaterials

Applications for new pharmaceuticals in the USA are reviewed by the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (FDA/CDER), which evaluates the safety and efficacy of both drug substances and drug products. The degree of innovation and variety in the drug products containing nanomaterials is broad, and the FDA has conceptual and analytical frameworks to capture consistently the risks introduced by new therapeutic approaches. When reviewing drug product applications the Agency considers the entire product, from the data demonstrating clinical efficacy to the chemistry, production, storage, and delivery method(s). These last four areas are collectively evaluated as the quality attributes of a drug, and FDA determined that these have particular importance for drug products containing nanomaterials. The relevant quality attributes are discussed in detail in this chapter following a brief overview of nanomaterials within products designed to treat cancer and a description of the regulatory structure in which applications for cancer therapeutics are reviewed.
Cancer Prevention and Healthy Aging

Currently, there are missed opportunities for cancer prevention in older persons. This problem has become more evident as the global population ages. Cancer incidence for most solid tumors increases as the population ages, yet screening recommendations often place upper age limits that exclude older adults who are often at the highest risk. Consideration of life expectancy is not usually included in these recommendations, even though evidence-based recommendations would allow healthy, older patients to participate in lifesaving screening modalities. Additionally, primary prevention modalities have often been thought to be of little worth in the geriatric population; however, there is evidence supporting the benefit of life style changes in preventing cancer in older adults, both over the short- and long-term. Primary prevention of cancer, identifying cancer at an early stage, and treating cancer in older patients, based on the patient’s medical comorbidities and not just their age alone, all promote healthy aging.
Stability Properties of Graph Neural Networks

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for nonlinear processing of graph signals, exhibiting success in recommender systems, power outage prediction, and motion planning, among others. GNNs consist of a cascade of layers, each of which applies a graph convolution, followed by a pointwise nonlinearity. In this work, we study the impact that changes in the underlying topology have on the output of the GNN. First, we show that GNNs are permutation equivariant, which implies that they effectively exploit internal symmetries of the underlying topology. Then, we prove that graph convolutions with integral Lipschitz filters, in combination with the frequency mixing effect of the corresponding nonlinearities, yields an architecture that is both stable to small changes in the underlying topology, and discriminative of information located at high frequencies. These are two properties that cannot simultaneously hold when using only linear graph filters, which are either discriminative or stable, thus explaining the superior performance of GNNs.
Uninsured With Diabetes: How Student-Run Free Medical Clinics Are Filling the Gap.

Two million American adults <65 years of age are reported to have diabetes and no health insurance coverage, a situation with significant public health and economic ramifications (1). Compared to their insured counterparts, uninsured people with diabetes have 60% fewer physician office visits, are prescribed 52% fewer medications, and have 168% more emergency department visits (2). Within this context, student-run free medical clinics have emerged as a valuable component of the health care safety net for this patient population. Among the Association of American Medical Colleges’ member institutions, 106 student-run free clinics (at 75.2% of institutions) have been identified, a number that has more than doubled in the past 10 years (3). More than half of medical students were reported to be involved in these clinics, with diabetes and hypertension being the most commonly treated diseases (3). The University of Missouri School of Medicine’s MedZou Community Health Clinic, located in Columbia, Mo., is a student-run clinic that provides comprehensive primary and specialty care to patients with chronic diseases, while also offering a learning environment promoting patient advocacy and interdisciplinary care. In Missouri, an alarming 10.8% of the state population has no health insurance and, with the state’s …