cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of repeated oral administrations of tramadol in horses.

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of tramadol during repeated oral administrations in horses. Nine adult healthy horses were administered tramadol at 5 and 10 mg/kg orally every 12 h for 5 days in a randomized, crossover design with a 3-week washout between treatments. Plasma concentrations of tramadol, O- and N-desmethyltramadol (M1 and M2) were measured using Liquid-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry at predetermined time points following each tramadol administration. Cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal physiological variables were monitored and adverse events were recorded. Data were analysed with two-way repeated measures anova or Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova on ranks with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. There were no significant effects of tramadol on the physiological variables. One horse receiving 10 mg/kg tramadol developed mild colic. Following tramadol at 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax ) of tramadol ranged from 82-587 and 127-1280 ng/mL, nonconjugated M1 ranged from 2.51-26.7 and 4.88-34.3 ng/mL, and nonconjugated M2 from 12.5-356 and 35.4-486 ng/mL. Corresponding minimum plasma concentrations (Cmin ) of tramadol at 12 h following each dose ranged from 0.8-24 and 3-117 ng/mL. Tramadol accumulated considerably over time, more markedly when given at 10 mg/kg than at 5 mg/kg (accumulation indexes of 3.51 and 1.73 respectively). There was no accumulation of M1 but substantial accumulation of M2. In conclusion, there was accumulation and increase in exposure to tramadol and M2, but not M1, during repeated oral administrations in horses.
The sales manager as a Role model: Effects on trust, job satisfaction, and performance of salespeople

This study develops a conceptual framework that relates role-modeling behavior of sales managers to a set of key outcome variables and assesses the validity of the framework using a cross-sectional sample of salespeople and sales managers drawn from a variety of business-to-business sales organizations. Findings indicate that salespeople’s perceptions of their managers’ role-modeling behavior relate positively to trust in the sales manager and relate indirectly, through trust, to both job satisfaction and overall performance of salespeople. The study provides empirical validity for practitioner suggestions that sales managers should lead by example, and thus should provide a model of the behavior managers desire their salespeople to enact.
Koresin and related resins

The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of Koresin are very similar to those of an acid-catalyzed p-tert-butylphenol-acetal- dehyde polymer. This is believed to be evidence that Koresin has Structure I. A variety of phenol-aldehyde resins have been prepared for comparison with Koresin. The ratings of some of these materials as tackifiers have been reported. These furnish further evidence that the molecular weight of a phenol-aldehyde resin is important in its tackifying action. An alkaline-catalyzed condensation product of acetylene and p-tert-butylphenol shows no tackifying action and has no free hydroxyl in the polymer as judged by its infrared pattern.
what makes work worth doing

Geisha. LIZA CRICHFIELD DALBY Independents Declared: The Dilemmas of Independent Trucking. MICHAEL H. AGAR Fathers Work for Their Sons: Accumulation, Mobility, and Class Formation in an Extended Yoruba Community. SARA S. BERRY Karl Marx Collective: Economy, Society and Religion in a Siberian Collective Farm. CAROLINE HUMPHREY Le Travail et ses representations. MICHEL CARTIER
Bootstrapping Process Improvement Metrics: CMMI Level 4 Process Improvement Metrics in a Level 3 World

The measurement techniques for organizations which have achieved the Software Engineering Institutes CMMI Maturity Levels 4 and 5 are well documented. On the other hand, how to effectively measure when an organization is Maturity Level 3 is less well understood, especially when there is no consistency in tool use and there is extensive tailoring of the organizational software processes. Most organizations fail in their attempts to generate, collect, and analyze standard process improvement metrics under these conditions. But at JPL, NASA's prime center for deep space robotic exploration, we have a long history of proving there is always a solution: It just may not be what you expected. In this paper we describe the wide variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques we have been implementing over the last few years, including the various approaches used to communicate the results to both software technical managers and senior managers.
Topical anesthetics in dermatology

Topical anesthetics are valuable tools for the dermatologists. The purpose of this study is to educate dermatologists about the pharmacology and clinical applications of topical anesthetics. A review of the current topical anesthetics was conducted. Several topical anesthetics are available to provide safe and effective cutaneous analgesia. Patient care can be improved by reducing the discomfort of local procedures and by minimizing the side effects of the anesthetics.
Influence of mhealth interventions on gender relations in developing countries: a systematic literature review

Introduction: Research has shown that mHealth initiatives, or health programs enhanced by mobile phone technologies, can foster women’s empowerment. Yet, there is growing concern that mobile-based programs geared towards women may exacerbate gender inequalities. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the empirical evidence of changes in men and women’s interactions as a result of mHealth interventions. To be eligible, studies had to have been published in English from 2002 to 2012, conducted in a developing country, included an evaluation of a mobile health intervention, and presented findings on resultant dynamics between women and men. The search strategy comprised four electronic bibliographic databases in addition to a manual review of the reference lists of relevant articles and a review of organizational websites and journals with recent mHealth publications. The methodological rigor of selected studies was appraised by two independent reviewers who also abstracted data on the study’s characteristics. Iterative thematic analyses were used to synthesize findings relating to gender-transformative and non-transformative experiences. Results: Out of the 173 articles retrieved for review, seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were retained in the final analysis. Most mHealth interventions were SMS-based and conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on topics relating to HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health, health-based microenterprise, and non-communicable diseases. Several methodological limitations were identified among eligible quantitative and qualitative studies. The current literature suggests that mobile phone programs can influence gender relations in meaningfully positive ways by providing new modes for couple’s health communication and cooperation and by enabling greater male participation in health areas typically targeted towards women. MHealth initiatives also increased women’s decisionmaking, social status, and access to health resources. However, programmatic experiences by design may inadvertently reinforce the digital divide, and perpetuate existing gender-based power imbalances. Domestic disputes and lack of spousal approval additionally hampered women’s participation. Conclusion: Efforts to scale-up health interventions enhanced by mobile technologies should consider the implementation and evaluation imperative of ensuring that mHealth programs transform rather than reinforce gender inequalities. The evidence base on the effect of mHealth interventions on gender relations is weak, and rigorous research is urgently needed.
Forecasting Obsolescence Risk and Product Life Cycle With Machine Learning

Rapid changes in technology have led to an increasingly fast pace of product introductions. For long-life systems (e.g., planes, ships, and nuclear power plants), rapid changes help sustain useful life, but at the same time, present significant challenges associated with obsolescence management. Over the years, many approaches for forecasting obsolescence risk and product life cycle have been developed. However, gathering inputs required for forecasting is often subjective and laborious, causing inconsistencies in predictions. To address these issues, the objective of this research is to develop a machine learning-based methodology capable of forecasting obsolescence risk and product life cycle accurately while minimizing maintenance and upkeep of the forecasting system. Specifically, this new methodology enables prediction of both the obsolescence risk level and the date when a part becomes obsolete. A case study of the cell phone market is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the new approach. Results have shown that machine learning algorithms (i.e., random forest, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines) can classify parts as active or obsolete with over 98% accuracy and predict obsolescence dates within a few months.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Watson-Crick Base Pairing Driven DNA Origami Dimerization.

We investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of DNA origami dimerization using flat rectangle origami components and different architectures of Watson–Crick complementary single-stranded DNA (“sticky end”) linking strategies. We systematically vary the number of linkers, the length of the sticky ends on the linker, and linker architecture and measure the corresponding yields as well as forward and reverse reaction rate constants through fluorescence quenching assays. Yields were further verified using atomic force microscopy. We calculate values of H° and ΔS° for various interface designs and find nonlinear van’t Hoff behavior, best described by two linear equations, suggesting distinct regimes of dimerization between those with and those without well-formed interfaces. We find that self-assembly reactions can be tuned by manipulating the interface architecture without suffering a loss in yield, even when yield is high, ∼75–80%. We show that the second-order forward reaction rate constant (kon) depends ...
The Synthesis, Structure and Property Behavior of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Network Materials Prepared by The Sol Gel Process

The synthesis, structure/property behavior of inorganic-organic hybrid network materials prepared by the sol gel process have been chronologically reviewed with emphasis on those systems prepared in the authors laboratory. Specific features of reactions as well as the nature of reactants are included. The morphological features of these “ceramer” systems formed have many features in common even though the reactants may be quite different. The mechanical properties of the final materials in conjunction with SAXS have proven beneficial in establishing the basics of their morphological texture. Finally, it is demonstrated how microwave radiation in some cases, can serve as an efficient way in processing the ceramer systems.
Ocular Rotation. Influence of Anesthetics and Operations on Various Parts of the Central Nervous System

SummaryUnder the influence of anesthetics, particularly of the so-called brainstem anesthetics, a marked ocular rotation was observed. The analysis of this phenomenon by experiments on cortex, brainstem, and labyrinth, indicates that it is due not only to the elimination of pros-and diencephalic impulses but in part also to an effect upon lower parts of the brainstem.
Network Vulnerability: A Designer-Disruptor Game

We focus on the crucial role of network architecture in the defence against targeted attacks. A two-stage strategic game between a network designer and a network disruptor is analyzed. Given a set of nodes, the designer builds a network by investing in costly links. In the second stage, the disruptor deletes (possibly in a costly way) some of the links or nodes to reduce the designerâ€™s benefit from the network. General results deal with existence, uniqueness and comparative statics of Stackelberg (i.e., subgame perfect) equilibria. More specific issues are addressed under the assumption of a fixed budget for one or both players.
Cloning and sequencing of human papillomavirus type 18L1 gene from cervical cancer tissue in Guangdong area

Aim:To clone and analyze the whole sequence of HPV18L1 gene from Guangdong specimen of cervical cancer. Methods: The HPV18L1 gene were amplified from human cervical carcinoma tissues in Guangdong province by PCR,and cloned into Pichia pastories expression vector pPICZαB.The HPV18L1 gene were sequenced and analyzed.Results: The HPV18L1 gene sequence were obtained,and the HPV18L1 Pichia pastories expression vector were constructed.Compare to the standard strain(German),there were 4 nucleotide mutations.The further amino acid analysis demonstrated that 3 nucleotide mutations induce the changes of amino acid,the sequences of Guangdong strain were 99.8% homology with Germanic standard strain.Compare to the XiAn strain got by Gao,there were 2 same nucleotide mutations.Conclusion:There are nucleotide differences of the HPV18L1 gene among Germainc standard strain,Gangdong strain and other Chinese strain.Amino acids of Gangdong strain differ from those of Chinese strain.
Unmet needs and relationship challenges of head and neck cancer patients and their spouses

ABSTRACTIn head and neck cancer (HNC), couple-based interventions may be useful for facilitating treatment completion, patient rehabilitation, and improving both partners' quality of life. With the goal of identifying targets for future interventions, we conducted a qualitative study to understand patient and spouse unmet needs and relationship challenges during curative radiotherapy for HNC. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six HNC patients (83% male) and six spouses (83% female) within 6 months of completing treatment. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed using grounded theory analysis. Patients and spouses identified several unmet needs including better preparation regarding the severity of physical side effects, a clearer timeline for recovery, and strategies for dealing with their own and each other's emotional reactions. Caregiver's unmet needs included balancing competing roles/responsibilities, making time for self-care, and finding effective strategies for encouraging patient's...
The Emotions in Life and Science

This chapter will present material relating to two broad questions: What are the emotions and the processes that describe their activation and their functions? What is the place of the emotions in life and in science?
Decolonizing Psychological Practice in the Context of Poverty

Within social justice analyses of psychological theory, research, and practice, some aspects of identity typically receive less attention than others—and social class is one of them. Turning our attention to social class requires that we reexamine basic assumptions that many of us have about social class and poverty and how those assumptions are reflected within “colonized” psychological and counseling practice. Social class itself is not conceptually interchangeable with income levels or socioeconomic status, and its full consideration requires us to see ourselves as part of a broad, dynamic system wherein our circumstances (and well-being) exist in relationship to the circumstances (and well-being) of the poor. This interrelated, systemic view of social class introduces a new conceptual angle on poverty: social exclusion. Social exclusion refers to the gradations of exclusion from societal protections, experiences, and opportunities that characterize social class positions with lesser degrees of socioeconomic power. Authentic advocacy for social inclusion emerges when we move beyond charity and sympathy toward a rethinking of practice and “help.” A framework that includes (1) transformed psychotherapeutic practices, (2) co-created interventions, and (3) community praxis can challenge conventional helping dynamics by explicitly locating the work within a social, cultural, historical, and political context.
TactileVR: Integrating Physical Toys into Learn and Play Virtual Reality Experiences

We present TactileVR, a proof-of-concept virtual reality system in which a user is free to move around and interact with physical objects and toys, which are represented in the virtual world. By integrating tracking information from the head, hands and feet of the user, as well as the objects, we infer complex gestures and interactions such as shaking a toy, rotating a steering wheel, or clapping your hands. We create educational and recreational experiences for kids, which promote exploration and discovery, while feeling intuitive and safe. In each experience objects have a unique appearance and behavior e.g. in an electric circuits lab toy blocks serve as switches, batteries and light bulbs.We conducted a user study with children ages 5–11, who experienced TactileVR and interacted with virtual proxies of physical objects. Children took instantly to the TactileVR environment, intuitively discovered a variety of interactions, and completed tasks faster than with non-tactile virtual objects. Moreover, the presence of physical toys created the opportunity for collaborative play, even when only some of the kids were using a VR headset.
The role of magmatic loads and rift jumps in generating seaward dipping reflectors on volcanic rifted margins

Abstract The largest volcanic constructs on Earth are the seismically imaged seaward dipping reflector (SDR) units found offshore of many rifted continental margins, including most that border the Atlantic Ocean. Whether their formation requires large magnitude (i.e. 10 s of km) of normal fault slip or results from the deflection of the lithosphere by the weight of volcanic flows is controversial. Though there is evidence for faulting associated with some SDRs, this paper considers the range of structures that can be produced by magmatic and volcanic loading alone. To do this an idealized mechanical model for the construction of rift-related volcanic flow structures is developed. Dikes open as plates move away from the center of a model rift and volcanic flows fill the depression produced by the load caused by dike solidification. The thin elastic plate flexure approximation allows a closed form description of the shape of both the contacts between flows and between the flows and underlying dikes. The model depends on two independent parameters: the flexure parameter, α , and the maximum isostatically supported extrusive layer thickness, w 0 . For reasonable values of these parameters the model reproduces the observed down-dip thickening of flows and the range of reflector dip angles. A numerical scheme using the analytic results allows simulation of the effect of temporal changes in the locus of magmatic spreading as well as changes in the amount of volcanic infill. Either jumps in the location of the center of diking or periods with no volcanism result in separate units or “packages” of model SDRs, in which the flow-dike contact dips landward, consistent with observations previously attributed only to listric normal fault offset. When jumps in the spreading center are small (i.e. less than α ) they result in thicker, narrower volcanic units on one side of a rift compared to those on the other side. This is similar to the asymmetric distributions of volcanic packages seen across some conjugate margins.
Augmenting autonomous vehicle sensor processing with prior data

Sensor augmentation with a priori data effectively expands the sensing range and adds new sensing modalities. High resolution elevation maps are registered to live estimates of the ground height to provide robust GPS estimates and to avoid steep slopes which may be unobservable by the sensors. Live sensor data is fused into persistent maps that are continuously relaxed and updated with new information. The map provides a robust location estimate and can be fused with the current live costmap to fill in gaps beyond the sensing horizon, allowing the navigation system to effectively re-route the vehicle over large distances.
Self-affirmation attenuates death-thought accessibility after mortality salience, but not among a high post-traumatic stress sample.

Objective According to anxiety buffer disruption theory (ABDT), people function effectively in the world, in part, by relying on anxiety-buffer systems to protect against death awareness; however, traumatic experiences can overwhelm and disrupt those anxiety-buffer systems, leaving people unprotected from death awareness and at increased risk for the major symptom clusters of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on that idea, it was hypothesized that (a) when posttraumatic stress symptoms are low, self-affirmation (a known worldview/self-esteem based anxiety-buffer) should prevent mortality reminders from causing increased death-thought accessibility (DTA); but that (b) when posttraumatic stress symptoms are high (indicating anxiety-buffer disruption), self-affirmation should fail to prevent mortality reminders from increasing DTA. Method To test these hypotheses, participants identified in a general population prescreen assessment as "low posttraumatic-stress symptom" (n = 222) and "high posttraumatic-stress symptom" (n = 210) were reminded of death (vs. control topic), prompted to engage in a self-affirmation (vs. nonself-affirmation) task, and then asked to complete a standard assessment of death-thought accessibility (DTA). Results The hypotheses were confirmed, revealing that posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with the ineffectiveness of anxiety-buffer system in protecting against increased death awareness. Conclusion The present findings support of a foundational concept of ABDT, and point to new insights about the nature of PTSD and its treatment, because failure to manage death awareness is known to cause anxiety and exacerbate anxiety-related disorders (e.g., PTSD). (PsycINFO Database Record
New Metrics and Models for a Post-ISA Era: Managing Complexity and Scaling Performance in Heterogeneous Parallelism and Internet-of-Things

Pushed by both application and technology trends, today's computer systems employ unprecedented levels of heterogeneity, parallelism, and complexity as they seek to extend performance scaling and support new application domains. From datacenters to Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, these scaling gains come at the expense of degraded hardware-software abstraction layers, increased complexity at the hardware-software interface, and increased challenges for software reliability, interoperability, and performance portability This talk will explore how new metrics, models, and analysis techniques can be effective in this "Post-ISA" era of shifting abstractions. The talk will cover hardware and software design opportunities, methods for formal verification, and a look into the implications on technologies like IoT.
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Pharmacy Services that Reduce Risk of Medication-Related Problems

Abstract Objective To measure willingness to pay (WTP) for pharmacists' services directed toward reducing the risk of medication-related problems and to determine factors that have a significant influence on WTP. Design WTP was measured using a contingent valuation method that involved asking respondents about their maximum WTP for pharmacists' services using a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents' WTP through ex post (out of pocket) and ex ante (insurance premium) methods were measured using three hypothetical scenarios illustrating reductions in the risk of medication-related problems. Logistic regression and semilog regression were performed to evaluate the responses to the survey. Setting Outpatient clinic of Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and two physician offices located in New Jersey. Participants A convenience sample of 316 patients and/or family members, who visited the study site between March 1 and September 15, 1999, were included. Main Outcome Measures Amounts patients were willing to payout of pocket or through insurance premiums for pharmacists' services. Results The mean WTP out of pocket for pharmacy services ranged from $4.02 to $5.48 per prescription, depending on the level of risk reduction. Mean WTP through an increased insurance premium ranged from $28.79 to $36.29 per year. Overall, the average WTP for a pharmacist's consultation was $5.57, and WTP increased by $0.87 as counseling time increased by 1 minute. WTP was sensitive to changes in the magnitude of risk reduction in both ex post and ex ante scenarios. Income was positively related to WTP, but not to the level of statistical significance. Conclusion Respondents were willing to pay for pharmacists' services that reduce the risk of medication-related problems. Additional investigations to determine the factors that influence WTP for health care professionals' services are warranted.
Positive Peer Culture: The Viewpoint of Former Clients

Group approaches have historically been very popular in treatment facilities for juvenile offenders. Although many of the techniques are descriptively, well documented, there is a shortage of evaluation research assessing the impacts of this type of treatment, especially as it relates to helping youth live independently in community settings. This manuscript describes a unique critique of peer-oriented therapy. The critics are former clients of juvenile treatment facilities where this type of group model was practiced. Former residents of these facilities offered their impressions in the context of life history interviews describing their experiences in the juvenile justice system. These individuals, interviewed in prisons where they were incarcerated as adults after leaving the juvenile system, offer illuminating and critical portrayals of their experience with a particular form of peer counseling—Positive Peer Culture. Their input should be interesting and valuable to those professionals who are committed to providing effective services to juvenile offenders and their families.
Perceived discrimination and physical health-related quality of life: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Abstract Rationale The aim of this study was to examine the direct associations of perceived personal and group discrimination with physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Latinx adults. We also tested whether ethnic identity and depression symptoms sequentially mediate these associations. Method This population-based study included 5313 Latinx adults, ages 18–74 years, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-11) and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study (2010-11). Participants were recruited from the Bronx; NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA. Self-reported perceived personal and group discrimination, ethnic identity, depression symptoms, and physical HRQoL were ascertained through interviewer-administered surveys. Survey-weighted path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect effects simultaneously in one analytic model controlling for demographic covariates. Results Path analysis indicated that higher perceived personal discrimination was directly associated with poorer physical HRQoL and this association was only mediated by depression symptoms. In contrast, perceived group discrimination was not directly associated with physical HRQoL. However, each of the direct paths linking perceived group discrimination to physical HRQoL were statistically significant: perceived group discrimination was positively associated with ethnic identity, and ethnic identity was negatively associated with depression symptoms, and, in turn, depression symptoms were negatively associated with physical HRQoL. Our model accounted for 18% of the variance of physical HRQoL. Conclusions Perceived personal and group discrimination are differently associated with physical HRQoL. Results highlight the importance of considering self-perceptions of different discrimination forms when evaluating its impact on the physical HRQoL of Latinx adults.
An Intelligent Swarm Based Prediction Approach For Predicting Cloud Computing User Resource Needs

Abstract Cloud computing aimed at offering elastic resource allocation on demand to cloud consumers. Building a cloud resource demand prediction model is a challenging task because cloud consumer’s demand changes over time. Most of the current works in cloud resource demand prediction study the problem from the cloud provider perspective. In this paper, we study the problem from the cloud consumer perspective with the aim to help the consumers to meet their resource needs, derive estimates for the required IT budget, select the best cloud providers, and get better pricing through the advanced reservation of required cloud resources. We develop a new Swarm Intelligence Based Prediction Approach (SIBPA) to predict with higher accuracy the resource needs of a cloud consumer in terms of CPU, memory, and disk storage utilization. The SIBPA is also able to predict the response time and throughput which in turn enables the cloud consumers to make a better scaling decision. It also takes into account the dynamic behavior of consumer requests in a long term period and the seasonal or/and trend patterns in time series. The SIBPA uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for selecting the best features from the dataset and for estimating the parameters of the prediction algorithms. The experimental results reveal that the prediction accuracy of the SIBPA outperforms the current prediction models. In terms of CPU utilization prediction, the accuracy of SIBPA outperforms the accuracy of the existing cloud consumer prediction frameworks that use Linear Regression, Neural Network, and Support Vector Machines approaches by 56.95%, 80.42%, and 63.86% respectively according to RMSE, and by 72.66%, 44.24%, and 56.78% according to MAPE. The accuracy of SIBPA also outperforms the accuracy of the existing cloud consumer prediction frameworks in terms of response time, throughput, and memory utilization predictions. The analysis and experiment results of SIBPA are discussed in detail in this paper.
Gene signatures in peripheral blood immune cells related to insulin resistance and low tyrosine metabolism define a sub-type of depression with high CRP and anhedonia

Abstract Inflammation and altered glucose metabolism are two pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). We have previously shown that high inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) in MDD patients is associated with symptoms of anhedonia, a core symptom of MDD, along with deficits in dopaminergic reward circuitry. Increased inflammation can shift metabolic demand and reprogram cellular energy sources, which may collectively impact the brain and reward processing to contribute to symptoms of anhedonia. To determine whether immunometabolic gene signatures were enriched in immune cells of depressed patients with increased inflammation and anhedonia, we examined whole-blood gene expression microarray (Illumina HumanHT-12) data from unmedicated, medically-stable patients with MDD (n = 93). Patients were considered to have increased inflammation based on High (>3mg/L) versus Low (≤3mg/L) plasma CRP, and further classified as having a self-reported phenotype of High (n = 30, 33rd percentile) versus Low (n = 32, 67th percentile) Anhedonia. Functional enrichment of gene pathways was assessed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using the KEGG pathway database. Pathways related to glucose metabolism (insulin signaling, insulin resistance, HIF-1, PI3K/AKT signaling), cancer (e.g., genes related to insulin and PI3K/AKT signaling), and inflammation (B cell, T cell and Fc receptor signaling) were specifically enriched in patients with both High CRP and High Anhedonia (all FDR q
Linking Activity in Human Superior Temporal Cortex to Perception of Noisy Audiovisual Speech

Regions of the human posterior superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (pSTG/S) respond to the visual mouth movements that constitute visual speech and the auditory vocalizations that constitute auditory speech. We hypothesized that these multisensory responses in pSTG/S underlie the observation that comprehension of noisy auditory speech is improved when it is accompanied by visual speech. To test this idea, we presented audiovisual sentences that contained either a clear auditory component or a noisy auditory component while measuring brain activity using BOLD fMRI. Participants reported the intelligibility of the speech on each trial with a button press. Perceptually, adding visual speech to noisy auditory sentences rendered them much more intelligible. Post-hoc trial sorting was used to examine brain activations during noisy sentences that were more or less intelligible, focusing on multisensory speech regions in the pSTG/S identified with an independent visual speech localizer. Univariate analysis showed that less intelligible noisy audiovisual sentences evoked a weaker BOLD response, while more intelligible sentences evoked a stronger BOLD response that was indistinguishable from clear sentences. To better understand these differences, we conducted a multivariate representational similarity analysis. The pattern of response for intelligible noisy audiovisual sentences was more similar to the pattern for clear sentences, while the response pattern for unintelligible noisy sentences was less similar. These results show that for both univariate and multivariate analyses, successful integration of visual and noisy auditory speech normalizes responses in pSTG/S, providing evidence that multisensory subregions of pSTG/S are responsible for the perceptual benefit of visual speech.
An exploration of community partnerships, safety-net hospitals, and readmission rates.

Objective To compare hospital-community partnerships among safety-net hospitals relative to non-safety-net hospitals, and explore whether hospital-community partnerships are associated with reductions in readmission rates. Data sources Data from four nationwide hospital-level datasets for 2015-2016, including American Hospital Association (AHA) annual survey, Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) data, CMS Hospital Compare, and County Health Rankings National (CHRN) data. Study design We first examined how safety-net hospitals partner with nine different community providers, and how the overall and individual partnership patterns differ from those in non-safety-net hospitals. We then explored their association with 30-day readmission rates by diagnosis and hospital wide. Data collection/extraction methods We included 1979 hospitals across 50 US states. Principal findings Safety-net hospitals were more engaged in hospital-community partnerships, especially with local public health, local governments, social services, nonprofits, and insurance companies, relative to their non-safety-net peers. However, we found that such partnerships were not significantly related to reductions in readmission rates. The findings indicated that merely partnering with various community organizations may not be associated with readmission rate reduction. Conclusions Before promoting partnerships with various community organizations for its own sake, further prospective, longitudinal, and evidence-based guidance derived from the study of hospital-community partnerships is needed to make meaningful recommendations aimed at readmission rate reduction in safety-net hospitals.
Broadband high-speed and large-amplitude all-optical switching with cadmium oxide (Conference Presentation)

We experimentally investigate how the static and dynamic optical properties of cadmium oxide evolve with yttrium doping, for the design of optical and plasmonic devices spanning the near-infrared to the mid-infrared wavelengths. The metallicity is seen to increase and the epsilon-near-zero point blue-shifts with increasing yttrium-concentrations. We demonstrate broadband, optical-pump-induced reflection and transmission modulation ((up to 135% near ENZ), with picosecond response-times controlled by doping-concentration.
Climate and social change at the start of the Late Antique Little Ice Age

The Late Antique Little Ice Age, spanning the period from 536 CE to roughly 560 CE, saw temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere drop by a degree C in less than a decade. This rapid cooling is thoug...
An arithmetic transference proof of a relative Szemerédi theorem

Recently, Conlon, Fox and the author gave a new proof of a relative Szemeredi theorem, which was the main novel ingredient in the proof of the celebrated Green–Tao theorem that the primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. Roughly speaking, a relative Szemeredi theorem says that if S is a set of integers satisfying certain conditions, and A is a subset of S with positive relative density, then A contains long arithmetic progressions, and our recent results show that S only needs to satisfy a so-called linear forms condition.This paper contains an alternative proof of the new relative Szemeredi theorem, where we directly transfer Szemeredi's theorem, instead of going through the hypergraph removal lemma. This approach provides a somewhat more direct route to establishing the result, and it gives better quantitative bounds.The proof has three main ingredients: (1) a transference principle/dense model theorem of Green–Tao and Tao–Ziegler (with simplified proofs given later by Gowers, and independently, Reingold–Trevisan–Tulsiani–Vadhan) applied with a discrepancy/cut-type norm (instead of a Gowers uniformity norm as it was applied in earlier works); (2) a counting lemma established by Conlon, Fox and the author; and (3) Szemeredi's theorem as a black box.
Manipulations of the olfactory circuit highlight the role of sensory stimulation in regulating sleep amount.

Study objectives While wake duration is a major sleep driver, an important question is if wake quality also contributes to controlling sleep. In particular, we sought to determine whether changes in sensory stimulation affect sleep in Drosophila. As Drosophila rely heavily on their sense of smell, we focused on manipulating olfactory input and the olfactory sensory pathway. Methods Sensory deprivation was first performed by removing antennae or applying glue to antennae. We then measured sleep in response to neural activation, via expression of the thermally gated cation channel TRPA1, or inhibition, via expression of the inward rectifying potassium channel KIR2.1, of subpopulations of neurons in the olfactory pathway. Genetically restricting manipulations to adult animals prevented developmental effects. Results We find that olfactory deprivation reduces sleep, largely independently of mushroom bodies that integrate olfactory signals for memory consolidation and have previously been implicated in sleep. However, specific neurons in the lateral horn, the other third-order target of olfactory input, affect sleep. Also, activation of inhibitory second-order projection neurons increases sleep. No single neuronal population in the olfactory processing pathway was found to bidirectionally regulate sleep, and reduced sleep in response to olfactory deprivation may be masked by temperature changes. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that Drosophila sleep is sensitive to sensory stimulation, and identify novel sleep-regulating neurons in the olfactory circuit. Scaling of signals across the circuit may explain the lack of bidirectional effects when neuronal activity is manipulated. We propose that olfactory inputs act through specific circuit components to modulate sleep in flies.
Prolonged recovery of acute kidney injury following AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy

AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy, although a successful treatment modality for arterial thrombus removal and recanalization, has been shown to have increased rates of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with other methods of treatment for acute limb ischemia. The postinterventional course of AKI can differ markedly from patient to patient, but typically resolves relatively quickly. Herein, we present a case of AKI secondary to AngioJet intervention that demonstrates an exceedingly prolonged but ultimately recoverable course with conservative management and without the need for renal replacement therapy.
Developing Theory Using Machine Learning Methods

We describe how to employ machine learning (ML) methods in theory development. Compared to traditional causal inference methods, ML methods make far fewer a priori assumptions about the functional form of the underlying model that best represents the data. Given this, researchers could use such methods to explore novel and robust patterns in the data that could lead to inductive theory building. ML strengths include replicable identification of novel patterns in the data. Additionally, ML methods address several concerns (such as ‘p-hacking’ and confounding local effects for global effects) raised by scholars relative to the norms of empirical research in the fields of strategy and management. We develop a step-by-step roadmap that illustrates how to use four ML methods (decision trees, random forests, K-nearest neighbors and neural networks) to reveal patterns in data that could be used for theory building. We also illustrate how ML methods could better illuminate interactions and non-linear effects, relative to traditional methods. In summary, ML methods could act as a complementary tool to both existing inductive theory-creating methods such as multiple case inductive studies and traditional methods of causal inference.
Internet-assisted suicide by nitrite poisoning - a case report and increase in reported intentional nitrite/nitrate exposures in U.S. Poison Center data.

To The Editor,Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. The health and economic consequences are substantial [1]. Clinicians should be aware that modes of self-directed viole...
Recent advances in printable carbon nanotube transistors for large-area active matrices

Active-matrices serve as the backplane circuitry for large-area display technologies and distributed sensors. Recently, there has been significant interest in developing flexible, additively manufa...
Secularization of Healthcare: A Zizekian Model

In The Sublime Object of Ideology , Slavoj Žižek tells a story about Buddhist prayer wheels in Tibet as a model of secularization: a belief machine. When routine actions are being performed, the animating principles or belief are no longer foregrounded in the process. While the developers of the scientific method were mostly devout Christians and believed in God’s direct involvement in the affairs of earth, carefully repeating situations through controlled experiments convinced them any potential variance in the processes they investigated could be ignored. Applied generally, through the process of secularization, religious acts are automated so that people can go about their business without requiring constant awareness of God’s presence. While the foundations of science and innovations in healthcare have many connections with religion, the professionalization of medicine acts as a superstructure supporting the belief. A Christian hospital today is like a prayer flag in the wind: operating automatically through set policies but actualizing theology through its repetition of care.
Analysis of Patterns and Trends in COVID-19 Research

Abstract News and information surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is ever-evolving and accumulating. Due to the global relevance and importance, it is critical to be able to parse through the available information in an efficient and reliant manner to gauge scientific progression and understandings surrounding COVID-19. In this research, abstracts from a corpus of scientific articles are evaluated using different Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, including Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and sentiment analysis, to better understand the breadth of extant literature. Results from the analyses show that in the very large corpus datasets, a large group of documents encompasses the overall or dominant general theme. However, the smaller clusters of documents reveal very precise and niche themes. Generalized COVID-19 is the dominant theme present in largest clusters. Smaller clusters include more specific terms (e.g., popular drugs, popular terms, key features/impacts related to COVID). With the resulting clusters, sentiment analysis was run to discover slight fluctuations over time depending on cluster with an overall relatively neutral sentiment. Overall, the precision of the BERT clusters distinguishes niche topics within the large corpus of literature and enables interesting and meaningful text analytics.
Intracranial suppuration complicating sinusitis among children: an epidemiological and clinical study

Object Intracranial abscess is a very infrequent complication of sinusitis among children. Case series, mostly small and focusing on surgical treatment, have appeared in the literature, but there has been no study on the epidemiology of this condition, nor has there been any large-scale study on the intensity of therapy or outcomes. Methods Data were drawn from the Kids' Inpatient Databases for 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006 and the National Inpatient Sample for 2001. Cases were defined by the conjunction between the diagnostic codes for intracranial abscess and those for acute or chronic sinusitis or mastoiditis. Results Eight hundred forty-seven hospital admissions were captured. Over the 10 years of the study, admission rates ranged between 2.74 and 4.38 per million children per year. Boys were affected much more commonly than girls. Black children were affected out of proportion to their presence in the population. The overall incidence seemed to peak in early adolescence. Sinogenic cases had a marked sea...
Galois’s Great Theorem

We prove the converse of Theorem 74: Solvability of the Galois group of f(x) ∈F[x], where F is a field of characteristic 0, implies f(x) is solvable by radicals. We begin with some lemmas; the first one has a quaint name signifying its use as a device to get around the possible absence of roots of unity in the ground field.