cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sulfate permease ofPenicillium duponti

Abstract The thermophilic fungus Penicillium duponti has an active sulfate permease system derepressible by growth in cysteic acid or by sulfur starvation. The system is sensitive to ionic strength and is optimal at 45°C, pH 6.5. It is saturable with an apparent K m for sulfate of 55 μ M . It is activated strongly by divalent cations and inhibited by inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP production and the group VI oxyanions.
The Role of Nonperformance Factors on Job-Related Relocation Opportunities: A Field Study and Laboratory Experiment

Two studies examined the role of employee gender, marital type (single-earner, dual-earner), and parental status in understanding differential access to job opportunities requiring relocation, as well as possible perceptual processes underlying these effects. A large-scale field study (Study 1) found that married women and employees in dual-earner marriages were provided fewer relocation offers than married men and those in single-earner marriages. A laboratory experiment (Study 2) extended Study 1 by examining the perceptual process by which these nonperformance factors affected relocation opportunities. Again, married women and employees in dual-earner marriages received lower recommendation ratings for jobs requiring relocation compared to married men and single-earners, respectively. Further, decision-makers' perceptions of an applicant's willingness to relocate, family resistance to moving, and ease of adjustment to a geographic move partially mediated the relationship between these nonperformance factors and relocation opportunities. Implications for research and applied practice are discussed.
Representing designed artifacts: The languages of engineering design

Design knowledge incorporates information about designed objects and their attributes, as well as about other aspects of the design process. Such information about designed artifacts and any associated design concepts can be represented in several different forms or languages. This paper describes the languages of design, emphasizing particularly the representation of designed objects. Inasmuch as some of these design languages derive from computational styles, and since all are used to develop computational models of design, these languages form a useful backdrop for understanding and furthering the role of computers in engineering design.
Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians

Many scientists argue that we are either entering or in the midst of the sixth great mass extinction. Intense human pressure, both direct and indirect, is having profound effects on natural environments. The amphibians—frogs, salamanders, and caecilians—may be the only major group currently at risk globally. A detailed worldwide assessment and subsequent updates show that one-third or more of the 6,300 species are threatened with extinction. This trend is likely to accelerate because most amphibians occur in the tropics and have small geographic ranges that make them susceptible to extinction. The increasing pressure from habitat destruction and climate change is likely to have major impacts on narrowly adapted and distributed species. We show that salamanders on tropical mountains are particularly at risk. A new and significant threat to amphibians is a virulent, emerging infectious disease, chytridiomycosis, which appears to be globally distributed, and its effects may be exacerbated by global warming. This disease, which is caused by a fungal pathogen and implicated in serious declines and extinctions of >200 species of amphibians, poses the greatest threat to biodiversity of any known disease. Our data for frogs in the Sierra Nevada of California show that the fungus is having a devastating impact on native species, already weakened by the effects of pollution and introduced predators. A general message from amphibians is that we may have little time to stave off a potential mass extinction.
Experiments in scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy

Scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy is based on collecting visible light emission from a sample region illuminated by an x-ray microprobe. We have tested the resolution of the method using P31 phosphor grains, and have obtained luminescence images of dye-labelled polystyrene spheres and sodium salicylate crystals. However, we have observed no light emission from the dyes DAPI, ethidium bromide, Hoecst 33258, and rhodamine phalloidon. Present efforts are aimed at improving our understanding of the luminescence process so as to find appropriate dyes for imaging dye-labelled biological specimens.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Empirically-Based Outpatient Treatment for a Patient at Risk for Suicide: The Case of "John"

Emerging research has provided empirical support for a number of cognitive-behavioral strategies designed to reduce suicidal behaviors. In this case study of "John," I describe the application of a combination of these strategies in treating a suicidal patient who recently returned from stressful military duty in Iraq. Focusing on assisting the patient to develop problem-solving and distress tolerance skills, treatment was centered in a collaborative model emphasizing the importance of the therapeutic relationship and involvement of social support networks. Interventions were guided by continual monitoring of suicidal symptoms and general distress level using standardized outcome measures, including Lambert'sOutcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) and Jobes' Suicide Status Form (SSF). The treatment involved 21 sessions and resulted in eventual resolution of the suicidal crisis and in significantly reduced emotional distress.
A Geometric Description of Orthogonal Contrasts in One-Way Analysis of Variance

Abstract A geometric description of contrasts in one-way analysis of variance is given that provides a reason for the special status of those linear combinations of treatment group means in which the coefficients sum to zero. Geometry is also used to clarify the concept of orthogonal contrasts.
Inhibition of Metabolism in Avena Coleoptile Tissue by Fluoride.

Following treatment of Avena coleoptile sections with 0.01 N NaF for 6 hours, an 80% inhibition of growth in the presence of 0.05 M glucose and 2.9 X 10/sup -5/ M indoleacetic acid ensued, followed by partial recovery in fluoride-free solutions. Studies of glucose utilization in the absence of indoleacetic acid showed that absorption of uniformly labeled C/sup 14/ glucose was barley affected but inhibition of incorporation of C/sup 14/ into cellulose and the glucose components of the aqueous and acid-soluble wall fractions was particularly notable. Possible causes of an apparent effect of 0.01 N NaF pretreatment for 6.5 to 7 hours on respiratory pathways, detected by the use of specifically labeled glucose, are discussed. At lower levels of inhibition of growth, the effect on catabolism disappeared but certain effects on the cell wall were still apparent. Interference with metabolism of specific components of the wall including cellulose is considered to be a factor in fluoride inhibition of growth. 20 references, 2 figures.
Comparison of Alloimmunogenicity of Langerhans Cells and Keratinocytes From Mouse Epidermis

Among lymphoreticular cells, Langerhans cells and splenic dendritic cells stand alone in their capacity, when hapten-derivatized, to induce vigorous immune responses, irrespective of route of inoculation, including intravenous. We have examined the comparative efficiency of relatively purified populations of Langerhans cells and their epidermal companions, keratinocytes, to induce alloimmunity when injected intravenously into adult mice. It was found that as few as 100 BALB/c Langerhans cells injected intravenously into C3H mice are capable of inducing specific sensitization as evidenced by subsequent accelerated rejection of BALB/c skin grafts. By contrast, 10,000 BALB/c keratinocytes failed to immunize similarly injected C3H recipients. These results emphasize the unparalleled capacity of Langerhans cells to induce sensitization, and they point to Langerhans cells, among cells within the epidermal compartment, as dominant in the alloimmunogenic potential of skin grafts.
Nonspecific DNA Binding and Coordination of the First Two Steps of Base Excision Repair

The base excision repair (BER) pathway repairs a wide variety of damaged nucleobases in DNA. This pathway is initiated by a DNA repair glycosylase, which locates the site of damage and catalyzes the excision of the damaged nucleobase. The resulting abasic site is further processed by apurinic/apyrimidinic site endonuclease 1 (APE1) to create a single-strand nick with the 3'-hydroxyl that serves as a primer for DNA repair synthesis. Because an abasic site is highly mutagenic, it is critical that the steps of the BER pathway be coordinated. Most human glycosylases bind tightly to their abasic product. APE1 displaces the bound glycosylase, thereby stimulating multiple-turnover base excision. It has been proposed that direct protein-protein interactions are involved in the stimulation by APE1, but no common interaction motifs have been identified among the glycosylases that are stimulated by APE1. We characterized the APE1 stimulation of alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) using a variety of symmetric and asymmetric lesion-containing oligonucleotides. Efficient stimulation of a wide variety of substrates favors a model in which both AAG and APE1 can simultaneously bind to DNA but may not interact directly. Rather, nonspecific DNA binding by both AAG and APE1 enables APE1 to replace AAG at the abasic site. AAG is not displaced into solution but remains bound to an adjacent undamaged site. We propose that nonspecific DNA binding interactions allow transient exposure of the abasic site so that it can be captured by APE1.
Dynamic Performance of a Matrix Converter Fed Speed Sensorless DTC Induction Motor Drive Using Adaptive Speed Observer

In this paper, a closed loop adaptive speed observer is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of a Matrix Converter (MC) fed stator flux oriented DTC induction motor drive. The speed observer uses estimated rotor fluxes to estimate the rotor speed. The advantages of using a full order Luenberger observer instead of a reduced order closed loop model with the proposed speed observer, for the estimation of the flux linkages, are demonstrated using experiments. Finally, the performance of the proposed observer is compared with a full order Luenberger observer that uses error between estimated and sensed stator dqaxes currents for estimating the rotor speed. The superior dynamic performance of the proposed observer during sudden speed reversal command is demonstrated with experiments on a 3HP induction motor.
Treatment of advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma with cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) after intensive prior therapy

Abstract Four of thirteen patients with advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma had an objective response to treatment with cis -dichlorodiammine platinum (II) by high-dose infusion after failing prior intensive combination chemotherapy. The median duration of response was 4 months and there were no unusual toxic reactions. The previous therapy included adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil with progestins, or melphalan, 5-fluorouracil, and progestins.
Radiotherapeutic considerations in the treatment of hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system

Twenty-seven hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system were treated at the Mayo Clinic with radiation therapy from January 1963 to August 1983. Six patients had von-Hippel Lindau syndrome, and four presented with polycythemia. The median age among the 15 males and 12 females was 48 years (range 20-68). Two clinical groups were apparent: those that received postoperative radiation therapy for clinically suspect, or microscopically positive margins (6 patients) and those who underwent therapy for gross residual disease (20 patients). One patient did not fall into either group because his initially unresectable tumor was treated with planned pre-operative radiotherapy to 40 Gy and was subsequently successfully cured by surgery. Because the combined modality approach did not allow assessment of local control with radiation alone, he was excluded from the gross residual cohort in terms of time-dose relationship analysis. The cohort with gross residual disease was particularly unfavorable as 12 of these patients had developed 17 local recurrences prior to radiation. Three had multiple lesions, and four had the von-Hippel Lindau syndrome. In-field disease control appeared to be improved when patients were treated more aggressively. Patients treated to a dose of 50 Gy manifested local control in 4/7 (57%) vs 4/12 (33%) in patients treated to less than 50 Gy. In-field local control was also better if patients received a TDF greater than 75 (local control in 66%) vs a TDF of 65-75 (local control in 22%). Actuarial analysis of in-field disease control showed more aggressive treatment improved control whether analyzed by dose level (greater than or equal to 50 Gy vs less than 50 Gy, or TDF greater than 75 vs less than 75). Four of the six patients who received radiation therapy for microscopically positive or clinically suspect margins achieved local control. Both patients manifesting in-field relapse were successfully surgically salvaged. Overall survival for the entire group of 27 patients was 85%, 58%, 58%, and 46% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. Recurrence-free survival was 76%, 52%, and 42% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Half of all in-field recurrences had occurred by 2 years, but the remaining half recurred from 5.6 to 14.4 years. Patients who developed in-field failure usually died from disease with a median survival of only 1.5 years, but surgical salvage was accomplished in 4/12. Hydro-myelia developed in two patients and required operation. Surveillance for systemic tumors also was important and revealed seven benign and four malignant tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cutaneous congenital candidiasis : a case report

Candida albicans is a frequent pathogen of the female genital tract, especially during pregnancy. Congenital candidiasis can occur as cutaneous or disseminated infection. We report a case of congenital cutaneous candidiasis, which may occur more frequently than is indicated by the literature. This is followed by a discussion of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this infection.
Evaluation of doctoral programs in accounting: an examination of placement

Abstract This study evaluates and ranks 80 US doctoral granting institutions based on the placement of their graduates at top-tier universities, productive accounting research departments, AACSB-accredited institutions, and US doctoral granting institutions. We employ two measurement scales that facilitate our evaluations and rankings. Our first scale uses US News and World Report: America's Best Colleges (1997) information to measure the placement of each degree granting institution's graduates along a continuum that ranges from top-tier national universities to tier-four regional universities. Our second scale uses research productivity information reported by Hasselback and Reinstein [ Hasselback, J. R., & Reinstein, A. (1995a). A proposal for measuring scholarly productivity of accounting faculty. Issues in Accounting Education, 10, 269–306. ] to measure the placement of each degree granting institution's graduates along a continuum that ranges from placements in the most productive accounting research departments to placements in the least productive research departments. The primary purpose of our study is to provide potential doctoral students and those advising potential doctoral students with a resource to assist them in the assessment of the placement abilities of US doctoral programs. Consistent with this purpose, we: (1) examine the population of active US degree granting institutions; (2) employ measures of placement ability that are based on the attributes of the initial-placement institutions; and (3) employ measures that are allowed to vary over the entire range of doctoral granting and non-doctoral granting initial-placement institutions.
Design of solder joints for fundamental studies on the effects of electromigration

The continuous miniaturization of high performance electronic devices has reached a level at which current densities are large enough to make electromigration (EM) a significant issue affecting the electrical and mechanical reliability of solder joints. A new design of solder joints that controls the extent of regions experiencing relatively uniform current density, as well as regions with large current density gradient was developed. Current density distribution of this newly designed solder joint was calculated using finite element analysis (FEA), which was used to guide the characterization of EM of real solder joints. As a part of the effort in evaluating the suitability of the new joint configuration for evaluating the fundamental issues in EM, eutectic PbSn solder joints were fabricated using this design. EM effects due to applied current, current density distribution, and joint thickness of eutectic PbSn solder joints present in this joint configuration were investigated. Findings based on this new design can facilitate fundamental studies of EM issues that affect the reliability of solder joints.
Three-dimensional infrared imaging of low-pressure flames

Three dimensional infrared imaging oflow pressure flamesKevin L. McNesby, Robert G. Daniel and Robert A. FiferU.S. Army Research LaboratoryAberdeen Proving Ground, MD21005-5066ABSTRACTLine of sight Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra through lowpressure premixed methane/nitrous oxide and methane/oxygen flames have beenanalyzed using computed tomography. The reconstruction method used is Abelinversion, which takes advantage of the fact that when the object of interestis axisyrnmetric, only one set of parallel projection data is necessary.Relative absorbances for several species in these flames have been mapped forvarious "slices" of the flame at different heights in the flame.2. INTRODUCTION
Posterior capsular opacification and intraocular lens decentration. Part II: Experimental findings on a prototype circular intraocular lens design.

Abstract In a prospective randomized study, 25 New Zealand white rabbit eyes were implanted with four intraocular lens (IOL) designs These included a one-piece modified J-loop IOL, a three-piece modified J-loop IOL, a rigid disc IOL, and an experimental compressible disc (CD) IOL. The CD IOL revealed the lowest mean posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of all IOLs tested ( P P
A murine model of graft-vs-host disease after in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract Purpose Graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) is a known complication of in utero bone marrow transplantation. However, GvHD has been difficult to study owing to frequent fetal demise. We describe the first consistent murine model of GvHD with postnatal survival after in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation. Methods A 50/50 mixture of bone marrow and splenocytes (10 6 ) from 6-week-old C57/BL6 (H2-b) mice was injected intraperitoneally into Balb/c (H2-d) fetuses at e14 to 16. Live born pups were followed for clinical GvHD. Peripheral blood and hematopoietic organ chimerism was confirmed by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. Organ samples were isolated for histology. Results Twenty-seven (75%) of 36 surviving pups displayed clinical GvHD by 2 weeks compared with 9 developmentally normal pups. Mean difference in weight between the 2 groups was 2.9 g at 7 days and 5.2 g at 14 days of life ( P Conclusions A consistent murine model of GvHD can be achieved after in utero transplantation of major histocompatibility complex–mismatched bone marrow and splenocytes. Future studies will use this model to examine approaches to prevent GvHD after in utero stem cell transplantation.
Fuzzy logic expert system for automated damage detection from changes in strain energy mode shapes

In recent years, researchers have developed several methods for damage detection in structures employing strain energy or curvature mode shapes. Experience shows that mode shape methods are highly sensitive to measurement noise. Such sensitivity is a direct result of the second derivative applied to the displacement mode shapes, which produces curvature mode shapes. Calculation of strain energy mode shapes includes calculation of curvature as well. Consequently, the artifact false peaks (normally an indicator of damage) appear on the strain energy mode shapes, reducing accuracy of damage recognition. Combined with the intrinsic variance in damage peak shapes and amplitudes dependent upon magnitude and location of damage, the false peaks create a major problem for automated detection of damage location. Most often, a highly qualified expert is required to analyze the data and to identify and locate damage. In an attempt to replace the human expert with a computer, this paper describes a fuzzy logic expert ...
The Living Cosmos: A Fabric That Binds Art and Science

The authors, an astronomer and an artist, have collaborated on a series of seven mixed-media constructions and prose pieces that follow the flow and themes of Impey's book on astrobiology, The Living Cosmos . The book summarizes recent research on astrobiology, from the origin of life on Earth and its environmental range on this planet to the search for life in the solar system and beyond. The artist's work encapsulates these ideas with its use of material objects, textures, images and metaphors that mirror the elements of the scientific approach to astrobiology.
Applying the Bookmark method to medical education: Standard setting for an aseptic technique station

© 2013 Informa Healthcare. The final publication is available at http://informahealthcare.com/journal/mte
Colorectal cancer screening in primary care: theoretical model to improve prevalence in the practice partner research network.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Half of Americans older than age 50 are not current with recommended screening; research is needed to assess the impact of interventions designed to increase receipt of CRC screening. The Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care (C-TRIP) study is a theoretically informed group randomized trial within 32 primary care practices. Baselinemedian proportion of active patients aged 50 years or older up-to-date with CRC screening among the 32 practices was 50.8% (N = 55,746). Men were more likely to have been screened than women (52.9% vs. 49.2%, respectively). Patients 50 to 59 years of age were less likely to be up-to-date with screening (45.4%) than those in the 60 to 69 years and 70 to 79 years groups (58.5% in both groups). Opportunities exist to increase the proportion of CRC screening received in adults aged 50 and older. C-TRIP evaluates the effectiveness of a model for improvement for increasing this proportion.
Testing a Negative Workplace Event and Life Satisfaction in Taiwan: Neuroticisms as Two Moderators of the Mediating Roles of Psychological Strain

This study examines the crossover effects of a type of negative workplace event known as a psychological contract breach, on partner’s life satisfaction. This study also investigates the moderating effects of employee’s and partner’s neuroticism on the partner’s psychological strain, leading to partner’s life satisfaction. Analysis of a sample of 284 employee-partner dyads from manufacturing, electronics, banking, service, and public organizations in Taiwan shows a significant positive relationship between psychological contract breach and life satisfaction, via psychological strain. Employee and partner neuroticisms were found to strengthen the relationships between psychological contract breach, psychological strain and life satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
School Choice in Suburbia: The Impact of Choice Policies on the Potential for Suburban Integration

The bulk of research on the implementation of school choice policies has focused on how choice has been implemented in urban school systems. As of 2007, however, suburban students comprised more than one fourth (29%) of all students engaging in some form of public school choice in the United States. This article examines the implementation of choice in suburban school districts that have been rapidly diversifying, with a focus on how school choice policy relates to—or has interacted with—levels of school segregation within the three districts under study. The findings illustrate how school choice policies, as designed and implemented in these three suburban school districts, have contributed to segregation in these contexts.
An Efficient Implementation of High-Accuracy Finite Difference Computing Engine on FPGAs

Finite difference (FD) methods are the most prevalent numerical modelling algorithms for evaluating initial or boundary value problems in scientific and engineering applications. Unfortunately, simulating time evolutions for transient physical phenomenon is computationally demanding and data-intensive. This paper introduces an efficient implementation of FD computing engine on FPGA-based reconfigurable computing (RC) platform. Instead of following the formal high-order FD expressions with standard IEEE-754 compliant floating point arithmetic units, a new class of optimized finite-accurate FD schemes was proposed, whose FD coefficients are optimized to be represented with only a few binary bits without deteriorating numerical accuracy criterions. Furthermore, in order to simplify the implementation of floating-point summations, the conventional costly floating-point adder tree was replaced by a floating-point/fixed-point hybrid accumulator using group-alignment technology. The resulting fully-pipelined FD computing engine with finite accurate coefficients can provide us similar or even better worst case relative and absolute rounding errors than standard floating-point arithmetic, but consumes only a fraction of hardware resources. This new design can be easily applied to our previous work (He et al., 2005) and result in a more efficient and compact implementation with higher computational performance
A simulation study of IP switching

Recently there has been much interest in combining the speed of layer-2 switching with the features of layer-3 routing. This has been prompted by numerous proposals, including: IP Switching [1], Tag Switching [2], ARIS [3], CSR [4], and IP over ATM [5]. In this paper, we study IP Switching and evaluate the performance claims made by Newman et al in [1] and [6]. In particular, using ten network traces, we study how well IP Switching performs with traffic found in campus, corporate, and Internet Service Provider (ISP) environments. Our main finding is that IP Switching will lead to a high proportion of datagrams that are switched; over 75% in all of the environments we studied. We also investigate the effects that different flow classifiers and various timer values have on performance, and note that some choices can result in a large VC space requirement. Finally, we present recommendations for the flow classifier and timer values, as a function of the VC space of the switch and the network environment being served.
Nanoscale modulations in (KLa)(CaW)O6 and (NaLa)(CaW)O6

Complex nanoscale modulations are identified in two new A-site ordered perovskites, (KLa)(CaW)O{sub 6} and (NaLa)(CaW)O{sub 6}. In (KLa)(CaW)O{sub 6}, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show an incommensurate nanocheckerboard modulation with {approx}9.4 x 9.4 a{sub p} periodicity (a{sub p} {approx} 4 {angstrom} for the cubic perovskite aristotype). For (NaLa)(CaW)O{sub 6} a one-dimensional modulation is observed with a {approx}16(1 1 0)a{sub p} repeat; the orientation of the nanostripes is different from the stripes observed in other mixed A-site systems. Studies using high temperature x-ray diffraction suggest the formation of the complex modulations is associated with small deviations from the ideal 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry of the (A{sup +}La{sup 3+})(CaW)O{sub 6} phases. Z-contrast images acquired on an aberration-corrected microscope provide evidence for deviations from stoichiometry with a {approx}1:15 periodic arrangement of La{sub 4/3}(CaW)O{sub 6}:(NaLa)(CaW)O{sub 6} nano-phases.
Structural and functional homologies of the accessory reproductive glands of two species of sciurids, Cynomys ludovicianus and Citellus tridecemlineatus.

The microscopic anatomy of the accessory glands of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) have been studied. In addition, the glands of a 5 cm fetal prairie dog have been described. Adult and fetal prairie dogs and adult ground squirrels have so-called seminal vesicles folded dorsally over the dorsal prostate with ducts leading directly to the urethra lateral to, but in the region of, the entrance of both the dorsal prostatic ducts and the deferent ducts. Histological studies of the seminal vesicles of both prairie dogs and ground squirrels showed that they were tubuloalveolar glands and were similar in structure to the dorsal prostates of each species. The fructose concentrations of the dorsal prostate and seminal vesicles of out-of-season prairie dogs were similar, and both glands accumulated fructose with the onset of the breeding season or with injection of testosterone propionate but the seminal vesicles accumulated more fructose than the prostate. On the basis of histological structure, anatomical relationships, accumulation of fructose and possible function as a coagulating gland it is proposed that the proper name for the so-called seminal vesicles in these species is craniodorsal prostate.
Smoothing Out Transitions: How Pedagogy Influences Medical Students’ Achievement of Self-regulated Learning Goals

Medical school is an academic and developmental path toward a professional life demanding self-regulation and self-education. Thus, many medical schools include in their goals for medical student education their graduates' ability to self-assess and self-regulate their education upon graduation and throughout their professional lives. This study explores links between medical students' use of self-regulated learning as it relates to motivation, autonomy, and control, and how these influenced their experiences in medical school. Subjects were medical students in two distinct medical school environments, "Problem-based learning" and "Traditional." PBL students described a rough transition into medical school, but once they felt comfortable with the autonomy and control PBL gave them, they embraced the independence and responsibility. They found themselves motivated to learning for learning's sake, and able to channel their motivation into effective transitions from the classrooms into the clerkships. Traditional students had a rougher transition from the classrooms to the clerkships. In the first two years they relied on faculty to direct and control learning, and they channeled their motivation toward achieving the highest grade. In the clerkships, they found faculty expected them to be more independent and self-directed than they felt prepared to be, and they struggled to assume responsibility for their learning. Self-regulated learning can help smooth out the transitions through medical school by preparing first and second year students for expectations in the third and fourth years, which can then maximize learning in the clinical milieu, and prepare medical students for a lifetime of learning.
Revisional paraesophageal hernia repair outcomes compare favorably to initial operations

Recurrent paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repair is performed for symptomatic recurrent hiatal hernia and/or reflux with little understanding as to outcomes related to perioperative and subjective patient variables. The aim of this study was to understand what differences exist between patients undergoing initial paraesophageal hernia (IPEH) repair and those undergoing redo paraesophageal hernia (RPEH) repair. A review of PEH repairs between 2009 and 2013 was performed from a single institution. RPEH patients were identified and analyzed for demographic information, perioperative/intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes. A similar comparison group of IPEH patients was randomly selected from the same sample as a control. A phone questionnaire was administered to the RPEH group. Among 336 total PEH repairs from 2009 to 2013, 34 RPEH patients were identified. A matched cohort of 76 patients was identified. RPEH and IPEH groups had similar DeMeester score, incidence of Barrett’s esophagus, incidence of gastritis, and LOS. Readmission rates (15 vs. 24 %, p = 0.283) and recurrence rate (4 vs. 12 %, p = 0.201) were not statistically different between IPEH and RPEH repairs, respectively. Operative times (163 vs. 209 min, p 10 cc (25 vs. 51 %, p < 0.023) differed between IPEH and RPEH repairs, respectively. Recurrent symptoms included chest pain (37 %), solid dysphagia (42 %), nausea (58 %), vomiting (32 %), bloating (63 %), and hoarseness (21 %). 21 % of patients required ongoing antacid therapy. Patient satisfaction via phone questionnaires demonstrated 88 % of patients were completely satisfied. Recurrent PEH repair is performed with similar outcomes to IPEH repair with the exception of increased operative time and blood loss. Collis gastroplasty is required more frequently in RPEH patients. Persistent symptoms exist following RPEH repair. Despite recurrent symptomatology, patient satisfaction is high. RPEH repair may be safely performed in patients with recurrent paraesophageal hernias with outcomes similar to IPEH repairs.
Deep-Pocketed or Duty-Bound Defendant: The Evolution of 'Legacy Lawsuits' in Louisiana and the Impact of Acts 779 and 754

Legacy lawsuits concerning environmental damage claims have affected nearly 1,500 oil-and-gas production companies in Louisiana in the last few years. Since the Louisiana Supreme Court’s decision in Corbello v. Iowa Production in 2003, production companies and landowners have hotly debated cleanup and remediation liability over contaminated land. After Corbello, the Louisiana Legislature passed Act 1166 to help provide additional procedural safeguards for legacy lawsuits, but the act met with criticism from landowners and oil companies alike. Later, Act 312 was passed in 2006 to help correct some of the perceived shortcomings of Act 1166. However, critics scrutinized it as well for its apparent failure to require faster litigation and quicker cleanup of the damaged land. Acts 779 and 754 were finally passed in 2012 to further correct the errors that critics found in the previous legislation. These two acts attempt to provide quicker remediation of the damaged land by allowing for a limited admission of liability and procedural safeguards such as the implementation of environmental management orders. This article outlines the history and evolution of legacy lawsuits as they developed in Louisiana over the years and further attempts to outline the substance of Act 779 and Act 754. Finally, this article discusses the key issues that this new legislation attempts to address, including quicker remediation of contaminated land and a sturdier procedural framework.
Neurogenic control of renal function in response to graded nonhypotensive hemorrhage in conscious dogs

The reflex control of plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) was evaluated in 13 dogs instrumented for chronic study and maintained on a normal sodium intake (40 meq/day). Graded blood volume depletion of 14 (BVD1) and 21% (BVD2) of the estimated total blood volume was used to activate renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and experiments were conducted before and after bilateral renal denervation (DNX). In dogs with innervated kidneys, nonhypotensive BVD1 increased RSNA 40.9 +/- 10.9% (P < 0.05) above control. Blood volume depletion increased PRA from 1.95 +/- 0.52 to 3.5 +/- 0.57 ng.ml-1 x h-1 and decreased UNaV from 58.2 +/- 10.1 to 35.5 +/- 4.3 mu eq/min without changing renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate. BVD2 failed to further activate RSNA (52.0 +/- 16.7%) but did increase PRA to 4.85 +/- 0.83 ng.ml-1 x h-1 and decreased UNaV to 17.9 +/- 2.7 mu eq/min. Renal DNX (n = 13) abolished both the PRA and antinatriuretic responses to BVD1 and BVD2. Thus volume-invoked reflex activation of RSNA, but not altered renal hemodynamics, mediates, activation of PRA and antinatriuresis. This neurogenic control of renal function may be critical to the rapid regulation of extracellular fluid volume, via alterations in urinary excretion.
Changes in Customers’ Desired Value: Initiating Variables

Understanding what customers value is crucial to a supplier's success. Companies that understand, create, and deliver on customers' desired value better than competitors retain those customers longer and enhance their own growth and profitability as a result. Creating and delivering customer desired value are not instantaneous processes, however. Thus, suppliers must understand their customers' desired value early enough to allow for the lead time required to create and deliver the desired value. The supplier that develops this understanding of customers' desired value first, creates an opportunity for significant differential advantage. This need for processes that provide better and faster understanding of customer desired value has sparked a growth in new customer value research techniques for improved customer-value-learning information systems. The issue becomes more complex upon realization that customers' desired value changes over time. Therefore, suppliers must also be able to predict their customers' fUture desired value before and more accurately than competitors do, once again, to allow for the necessary lead time to create and deliver customers' desired value when customers want it.
A practical primer on PI-RADS version 2: a pictorial essay

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has become an established method for evaluating the prostate for clinically significant prostate adenocarcinoma. Criteria have been developed for categorizing MRI findings, the most frequently used of which is the PI-RADS system. The PI-RADS V2 document provides separate image interpretation and clinical grading sections. Within this article we give an overview of the integrated, algorithmic way, we approach prostate MRI, show images corresponding to each PI-RADS category, and provide several illustrative cases.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Family Groups within the Infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with Emphasis on the Lygaeoidea

Thirty-four family group taxa and 57 characters are used to analyze cladistically the heteropteran infraorder Pentatomomorpha. Recognized are the 6 superfamilies Aradoidea, Coreoidea, Idiostoloidea, Lygaeoidea, Pentatomoidea, and Pyrrhocoroidea. New superfamily associations include the transfer of the Henicocorinae to Idiostoloidea, Piesmatoidea to Lygaeoidea, and the lygaeid subfamily Psamminae to Piesmatidae. The family Lygaeidae (sensu lato) is shown to be paraphyletic and is separated into 11 monophyletic family groups (Artheneidae, Blissidae, Cryptorhamphidae, Cymidae (sensu stricto), Geocoridae, Heterogastridae, Lygaeidae (sensu stricto), Ninidae, Oxycarenidae, Pachygronthidae, and Rhyparochromidae). Relationships are discussed, a revised classification is proposed, and keys to 6 superfamilies and 15 families included in Lygaeoidea are provided.
Rational defect passivation of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 photovoltaics with solution-processed Cu2ZnSnS4:Na nanocrystals.

An effective defect passivation route has been demonstrated in the rapidly growing Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cell device system by using Cu2ZnSnS4:Na (CZTS:Na) nanocrystals precursors. CZTS:Na nanocrystals are obtained by sequentially preparing CZTS nanocrystals and surface decorating of Na species, while retaining the kesterite CZTS phase. The exclusive surface presence of amorphous Na species is proved by X-ray photoluminescence spectrum and transmission electron microscopy. With Na-free glasses as the substrate, CZTS:Na nanocrystal-based solar cell device shows 50% enhancement of device performance (∼6%) than that of unpassivated CZTS nanocrystal-based device (∼4%). The enhanced electrical performance is closely related to the increased carrier concentration and elongated minority carrier lifetime, induced by defect passivation. Solution incorporation of extrinsic additives into the nanocrystals and the corresponding film enables a facile, quantitative, and versatile approach to tune the defect pro...
D4H/D4V Silicone: A Replica Material with Several Advantages for Nanoimprint Lithography and Capillary Force Lithography

Reported are demonstrations that D4H/D4V silicone (the product of the platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction between tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane) ...
Evaluation Protocol To Assess an Integrated Framework for the Implementation of the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project at the California (CA-CORD) and Massachusetts (MA-CORD) Sites

Abstract Background: The long-term success of child obesity prevention and control efforts depends not only on the efficacy of the approaches selected, but also on the strategies through which they are implemented and sustained. This study introduces the Multilevel Implementation Framework (MIF), a conceptual model of factors affecting the implementation of multilevel, multisector interventions, and describes its application to the evaluation of two of three state sites (CA and MA) participating in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project. Methods/Design: A convergent mixed-methods design is used to document intervention activities and identify determinants of implementation effectiveness at the CA-CORD and MA-CORD sites. Data will be collected from multiple sectors and at multiple levels of influence (e.g., delivery system, academic-community partnership, and coalition). Quantitative surveys will be administered to coalition members and staff in participating delivery systems. Qualitat...
Regulation of human prolactin secretion by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vitro.

The regulation of human prolactin (PRL) secretion by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was evaluated with human pituitary monolayer cell cultures. Synthetic GnRH stimulated PRL secretion when exposed to cells in an estrogen-depleted environment. This response was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with 17 β -estradiol (E 2 ). A 10 −5 M GnRH antagonist inhibited luteinizing hormone (LH) but not PRL secretion when cells were maintained in an estrogen-depleted environment. However, the GnRH antagonist inhibited basal PRL secretion when cells were maintained in medium containing 10 −8 M E 2 . The 10 −5 M GnRH antagonist, when ciincubated with 10 −5 M GnRH inhibited the release of PRL in an estrogen-depleted environment. However, coincubation of the 10 −5 M GnRH antagonist with 10 −5 M thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) failed to inhibit PRL secretion. Incubation of 10 −8 M TRH and 10 −8 M GnRH produced a synergistic release of PRL in an estrogen-depleted environment. These observations led us to conclude that GnRH stimulates PRL secretion by direct action on human pituitary cells and that GnRH acts either via the gonadotrope or through receptors on the galactotrope other than that acted upon by TRH to release PRL.
Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults.

Abstract Food reward sensitivity may influence susceptibility to overeating in a permissive food environment, contributing to unintended weight gain and intentional weight loss behavior. This study examined associations of food reward sensitivity, assessed by the Power of Food Scale (PFS), with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults. Wave 5 (W5, 5th year of follow-up) respondents from the NEXT Generation Health Study were included (N = 2202, W5 age = 20.3 ± 0.02 years). Baseline and W5 BMI, W5 weight status (normal weight = 18.5 ≤ BMI
Optical-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy of the 61Σ+g Shelf State of Na2 Using an Ultrasensitive Ionization Detector

Abstract The Na 2 6 1 Σ + g state has been observed from v = 0 to v = 39 by using optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy and an ultrasensitive ionization detector. The molecular constants and the Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) potential energy curve are presented in this paper. Eigenvalues calculated from the ab initio potential [S. Magnier et al. , J. Chem. Phys. 98, 7113-7125 (1993)] are also discussed.
Chivalry and war

In the modern world we feel confident that we know exactly what war is. Thankfully, for most this sense derives only from awareness of conflicts remote in time or space, miniaturized on the screen of some electronic device, or splashed with brutal color on the vast cinema screen within overwhelming darkness; and both cases present technological vistas of sweeping, thunderous destruction in which grimy men and women heroically or at least stoically “get the job done” so that the rest of us can sleep peacefully in our beds and the fighters can soon return to restored civilian life and the degree of peace we take as normal. In the medieval world, however, war edged closer to representing the normal and acceptable state of things. Whereas many modern people consider war a tragic mistake, most medieval people knew that the first war took place in heaven (God and his angels throwing out Satan and his rebels). As Honore Bonet wrote in the late fourteenth century in his Tree of Battles (summing up much previous discussion), it would not be natural for the world to be at peace, for war came from God who awards victory and could be evil only in its use rather than its basic nature. If the innocent suffer, divine will may be allowing them to do penance for their sins even before death sends them to final judgment. Moreover, medieval warfare took a greater variety of forms and investments of personnel and resources. Two lords quarreling over possession of a village and its revenues could without hearing a contradictory voice characterize their conflict as war; precursors of the Montagues and Capulets could seize arms and rush into narrow Florentine streets shouting for war; the followers of sovereigns disputing a province or a crown made war financed by increasingly effective systems of taxation. Conducting licit violence on any manageable scale represented the exercise of a right, a sign and possession of sufficiently high status to be entitled to make war. Those who possessed such authority the French termed chevetaines de guerre , but there were many such “war chiefs” occupying upper ranges of the social pyramid and more who longed to possess and exercise the coveted right to use violence to secure goals.