cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of liver glycogen particle synthase D phosphatase activity by caffeine, AMP, and glucose 6-phosphate

Abstract Caffeine stimulates synthase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities by independent mechanisms. Both effects of caffeine are concentration-dependent with different apparent A 0.5 for each reaction. Stimulation of the synthase phosphatase reaction was independent of the initial phosphorylase a concentration, was immediate, and did not follow in sequence the depletion of phosphorylase a . Glucose 6-phosphate also was stimulatory to the synthase phosphatase reaction ( A 0.5 = 0.14 mM) with little effect on phosphorylase phosphatase. In combination glucose 6-phosphate and caffeine effects were additive suggesting the existence of separate binding sites. The synthase phosphatase reaction also was stimulated by AMP (binding affinity 2.3 m m ) but with no effect on phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Together caffeine and AMP effects were not additive suggesting that they share a common binding site or closely interrelated sites. The location of the AMP and caffeine site(s) has not yet been determined.
Asymmetrical international integration and Ukrainian national disunity

Abstract This article examines the impact of international integration on ethno-regional relations in multiethnic states. It argues that when ethno-regions in such a state have different geographic patterns of foreign ties, national unity suffers. “Asymmetrical international integration” (AII) hinders national cohesion by reducing the cultural similarity of the ethno-regions, sharpening their disputes over foreign policy, and intensifying their disparate identities. This argument is evaluated using the case of Ukraine. Analysis of a survey distributed to approximately 1000 elites in two key Ukrainian cities in 1994–95, as well as of other data, demonstrates that AII exists, is believed by Ukrainians to weaken national unity, and in fact does weaken national unity.
Dissociations of writing and praxis: two cases in point.

Abstract For normal writing it is essential that both motoric and linguistic competence be present; disruption of one or the other of these faculties may result in qualitatively different types of agraphia. Two right-handed patients became agraphic after left hemisphere lesions; pure agraxic agraphia in the absence of limb apraxia developed in one patient and pure linguistic agraphia in association with severe ideomotor limb apraxia in the other. The performance of these patients not only serves to illustrate the dissociation between the motoric and linguistic faculties that underlie writing but also confirms that ideomotor limb apraxia and apraxic agraphia are distinct and dissociable entities.
THE PIG AS A MODEL FOR HUMAN WOUND HEALING

The medical literature describes numerous in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models. The selection of an animal model depends on a number of factors including availability, cost, ease of handling, investigator familiarity, and anatomical/functional similarity to humans. Small mammals are frequently used for wound healing studies, however, these mammals differ from humans in a number of anatomical and physiological ways. Anatomically and physiologically, pig skin is more similar to human skin. The many similarities between man and pig would lead one to believe that the pig should make an excellent animal model for human wound healing. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature for evidence of this supposition and determine how well the various models correlate to human wound healing. Studies of wound dressings, topical antimicrobials, and growth factors are examined. Over 180 articles were utilized for this comparative review. Our conclusion is that the porcine model is an excellent tool for the evaluation of therapeutic agents destined for use in human wounds.
In vivo receptor imaging with PET and SPET-pitfalls in quantification

With the development of new tracers, various neurotransmitter receptors can be imaged in humans including extrastriatal dopamine receptors, serotonin receptors and transporters. In most studies, tracer is intravenously administered as a bolus and the measurement is performed under non-equilibrium conditions in which activities in both plasma and brain change dynamically over time. Under these circumstances with complicated changes, enough caution must be paid for the accuracy of the measurement and the interpretation of the results. For example, the crude measurement at one fixed time point is influenced by between-subject differences in clearance and cerebral blood flow. The influence of neurotransmitter levels on the binding of tracer is different between non-equilibrium and equilibrium conditions. This note warns those who are relatively new to this field about the possibilities of misinterpreting imaging results by showing illustrative examples.
Antiquity as inspiration in the renaissance of dance: The classical connection and fifteenth‐century Italian dance

(1993). Antiquity as inspiration in the renaissance of dance: The classical connection and fifteenth‐century Italian dance. Dance Chronicle: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 373-390.
Bedside Endoscopic Ultrasound in Critically Ill patients

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and impact of EUS in the management of critically ill patients. Methods. We retrospectively identified all patients at our institution over a 68-month period in whom bedside inpatient EUS was performed. EUS was considered to have a significant impact if a new diagnosis was established and/or the findings altered subsequent clinical management. Results. Fifteen patients (9 male; mean age 58±15 years) underwent bedside EUS without complications. EUS-FNA (median 4 passes; range 2–7) performed in 12 (80%) demonstrated a malignant mediastinal mass/lymph node (5), pancreatic abscess (1), excluded a pelvic abscess (1), established enlarged gastric folds as benign (1) and excluded malignancy in enlarged mediastinal (1) and porta hepatis adenopathy (1). In two patients, EUS-FNA failed to diagnose mediastinal histoplasmosis (1) and a hemorrhagic pancreatic pseudocyst (1). In three diagnostic exams without FNA, EUS correctly excluded choledocholithaisis (𝑛=1) and cholangiocarcinoma (1), and found gastric varices successfully thrombosed after previous cyanoacrylate injection (1). EUS was considered to have an impact in 13/15 (87%) patients. Conclusions. In this series, bedside EUS in critically ill patients was technically feasible, safe and had a major impact on the majority of patients.
Tractive performance of a tread design for improved flexibility

Abstract The tractive performance of an 18.4R38 radial-ply tractor tire with increased flexibility in the tread area was compared to that of a standard tread design. Normal soil-tire interface stresses were measured at four locations on the lug surfaces of both tires operating on Decatur clay loam and Norfolk sandy loam soils. There was a tendency for the increased flexibility in the tread area to provide a higher net traction ratio at the same tractive efficiency as the standard tread design, especially on Decatur clay loam soil. The more flexible tread design reduced the magnitude of peak normal contact stresses across the tire width, which may have implications for reducing soil compaction without compromising tractive performance. The more flexible tire reduced the average normal contact stress by approximately 15% in the sandy loam soil and 23% in the clay loam soil for the range of operating conditions investigated.
Picosecond infrared studies of protein vibrational modes: the amide I mode of myoglobin

The population lifetime of the amide I vibration (v10 fundamental, ca. 1650 cm-1) in the protein myoglobin in D2O has been determined by picosecond infrared pump- probe spectroscopy using the Stanford mid-infrared free electron laser to be 1.3 +/- 0.2 ps. In a glass forming mixture of deuterated glycerol and D2O, the vibrational lifetime was found to increase from 1.3 +/- 0.2 ps at 310 K to 1.8 +/- 0.2 ps at 10 K. In addition to determining the time-scale of vibrational relaxation, we also observed multi-level vibrational excitation which has implications regarding the anharmonicity and homogeneous linewidth of the mode.
Convective instabilities in binary mixtures in a porous medium

Abstract We investigate the instabilities which can occur when a layer of a mixture of two miscible fluids in a porous medium is heated from below or from above. We find that either a stationary instability or an oscillatory instability can occur as the first bifurcation depending on the sign and the magnitude of the Soret coefficient. The possibility of an oscillatory convective instability when heating is done from above is pointed out for the first time. In addition, we discuss the mechanism of these instabilities using energy balance considerations.
Upodate on chronic hepatitis C

Strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C continue to evolve. Liver biopsy is now used selectively rather than routinely, and the combination peginterferon plus ribavirin is the treatment of choice for the majority of patients.
Bounds on g5Z from precision LEP measurements

Abstract The parity violating but CP conserving anomalous three-gauge-boson coupling g 5 Z lnduces a universal contribution to the left-handed coupling of the Z boson to fermions. We find that the LEP measurements of the partial Z widths and lepton forward-backward asymmetries are sufficiently precise to place a bound of order | g 5 Z | less than ∼4%. This bound is significantly better than what can be obtained at present from rare K and B meson decays.
Stochastic development of an electron avalanche

The stochastic evolution in space of an electron avalanche has been investigated with the use of Monte Carlo methods. From these investigations we have obtained the energy distribution as a function of distance from the cathode and avalanche size, f(n,\ensuremath{\epsilon},x); the probability distribution for avalanche size, P(n,x); and the ionization probability, per unit distance at x, for electrons belonging to an avalanche of size n, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$(n,x). We believe that this is the first time that any information has been presented on f(n,\ensuremath{\epsilon},x) and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$(n,x) which takes microscopic processes into account. The investigations were done in nitrogen for E/N\ensuremath{\ge}300 Td. We suggest that pulse-height distribution experiments may be a sensitive technique for determining the E/N conditions at which runaway electrons appear.
Standards of radium-226: from Marie Curie to the International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology.

In the early part of the 20th century, the pioneers of radioactivity research, led by Marie Curie, Ernest Rutherford and Stefan Meyer, formed a Commission internationale des etalons de radium. The Commission made arrangements for the preparation and intercomparisons of the international standards of radium, which were identified as the Paris standard and the Vienna standard. Otto Honigschmid from Vienna prepared a first set of international secondary standards in 1912 and a second set in 1934. In both instances, these secondary standards were compared by gamma-ray measurements with the Paris and Vienna standards. The usage of these international standards of radium in the 20th century is described.
Regulation of the cd38 promoter in human airway smooth muscle cells by TNF-α and dexamethasone

CD38 is expressed in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells, regulates intracellular calcium, and its expression is augmented by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). CD38 has a role in airway hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark of asthma, since deficient mice develop attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness compared to wild-type mice following intranasal challenges with cytokines such as IL-13 and TNF-α. Regulation of CD38 expression in HASM cells involves the transcription factor NF-κB, and glucocorticoids inhibit this expression through NF-κB-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In this study, we determined whether the transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression in HASM cells involves response elements within the promoter region of this gene. We cloned a putative 3 kb promoter fragment of the human cd38 gene into pGL3 basic vector in front of a luciferase reporter gene. Sequence analysis of the putative cd38 promoter region revealed one NF-κB and several AP-1 and glucocorticoid response element (GRE) motifs. HASM cells were transfected with the 3 kb promoter, a 1.8 kb truncated promoter that lacks the NF-κB and some of the AP-1 sites, or the promoter with mutations of the NF-κB and/or AP-1 sites. Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we determined the binding of nuclear proteins to oligonucleotides encoding the putative cd38 NF-κB, AP-1, and GRE sites, and the specificity of this binding was confirmed by gel supershift analysis with appropriate antibodies. TNF-α induced a two-fold activation of the 3 kb promoter following its transfection into HASM cells. In cells transfected with the 1.8 kb promoter or promoter constructs lacking NF-κB and/or AP-1 sites or in the presence of dexamethasone, there was no induction in the presence of TNF-α. The binding of nuclear proteins to oligonucleotides encoding the putative cd38 NF-κB site and some of the six AP-1 sites was increased by TNF-α, and to some of the putative cd38 GREs by dexamethasone. The EMSA results and the cd38 promoter-reporter assays confirm the functional role of NF-κB, AP-1 and GREs in the cd38 promoter in the transcriptional regulation of CD38.
Efficiency of boundary element methods for time-dependent convective heat diffusion at high Peclet numbers

A higher-order boundary element method (BEM) recently developed by the current authors (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 2003; 192: 4281–4298; 4299–4312; 4313–4335) for time-dependent convective heat diffusion in two-dimensions appears to be a very attractive tool for efficient simulations of transient linear flows. However, the previous BEM formulation is restricted to relatively small time step sizes (i.e. Δt⩽4κ/V2) owing to the convergence issues of the time series for the kernel representation within a time interval. This paper extends the boundary element formulation in a way to allow time step sizes several orders of magnitude larger than in the previous approach. We consider an example problem of thermal propagation, and investigate the accuracy and efficiency of BEM formulations for Peclet numbers in the range from 103 to 105. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOME EXAMPLES OF THE METHOD OF FINITE SPHERES WITH ENRICHMENT

In this paper we provide some examples where the method of finite spheres, a truly meshfree numerical technique, is enriched by functions derived from asymptotic solutions of the governing differential equations in the vicinity of singularities. Specifically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique for the analysis of an elastic double edge notched tension specimen and an elastic domain indented with a right-sided rigid punch under slip and no slip conditions. The solutions are compared with those obtained using the method of finite spheres without enrichment and the traditional finite element method.
CONMan: taking the complexity out of network management

Network management is difficult, costly, and error prone, and this is becoming more so as network complexity increases. We argue that this is an outcome of two fundamental flaws in the existing architecture: the management plane depends on the data plane, and network device management interfaces are varied, complex, and constantly evolving. In this paper, we present Complexity Oblivious Network Management (CONMan), a network architecture in which the management plane does not depend on the data plane and all data plane protocols expose a simple generic management interface. This restricts the operational complexity of protocols to their implementation and allows the management plane to achieve high level policies in a structured fashion.
Clinical perception of disease probability associated with Bethesda System diagnoses.

The degree to which clinical perceptions of Papanicolaou smear sensitivity contribute to patient mismanagement is uncertain. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was mailed to 350 obstetricians/gynecologists (OGYNs) and 350 other primary care providers (PCPs) located in Pennsylvania or Ohio. The clinicians estimated the probability of no disease, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma for 1 of 7 Bethesda System diagnoses. Differences in probability estimates between provider types and between the clinicians and medical literature data were measured. The response rate was 22.7%. Compared with published values, clinicians estimated similar disease probabilities for many diagnoses. However, for some diagnoses, the probability estimates differed considerably from published values (eg, overestimation of dysplasia and invasive carcinoma for benign diagnoses and underestimation of dysplasia for some dysplasia diagnoses), and such errors could contribute to patient mismanagement. OGYNs generally were more accurate in probability estimates than PCPs. Methods to convey more accurately these diagnostic disease probabilities should be examined.
Modal Dynamics of Large Wind Turbines With Different Support Structures

This paper presents modal dynamics of floating-platform-supported and monopile-supported offshore wind turbines.
Early plus delayed hirudin reduces restenosis in the atherosclerotic rabbit more than early administration alone : Potential implications for dosing of antithrombin agents

Background —A 2-hour infusion of r-hirudin at the time of balloon angioplasty limits restenosis in atherosclerotic rabbits. Because thrombin activity in the vessel wall after angioplasty remains high for 48 to 72 hours, we hypothesized that a second infusion of hirudin at 24 hours would reduce restenosis more than early treatment alone. Methods and Results —Femoral atherosclerosis was induced in 35 rabbits by air desiccation injury and a high-cholesterol diet. At the time of angioplasty, rabbits were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: controls: heparin bolus, saline infusion at 24 hours; early hirudin: hirudin bolus+2 hours’ infusion, saline infusion at 24 hours; delayed hirudin: heparin bolus, hirudin infusion±bolus at 24 hours; and early+delayed hirudin: hirudin bolus+2 hours’ infusion, hirudin infusion±bolus at 24 hours. Rabbits were euthanized after 28 days. The early+delayed hirudin treatment group had less loss of minimal lumen diameter by angiography at 28 days. By histomorphometry, cross-sectional area narrowing by plaque was least in the early+delayed treatment group compared with controls ( P =0.0001), early hirudin ( P =0.01), or delayed hirudin ( P =0.001). The early+delayed hirudin group also had a significant reduction in absolute plaque area and an improvement in lumen area compared with the other groups. No differences were observed between treatment groups with respect to the cross-sectional area encompassed by the internal or external elastic laminae. Conclusions —Combined early+delayed administration of hirudin significantly reduces angiographic restenosis and cross-sectional area narrowing by plaque compared with early or late treatment alone. These results suggest that restenosis after balloon angioplasty is markedly influenced by thrombin-mediated events not only occurring early but also extending beyond the first 24 hours in this model.
Ethnicity, Aging and Mental Health

The relationship between ethnicity and mental health deserves more consideration than it usually receives if we are to understand how values translate into behavior. This question could be explored productively with a variety of subgroups, but in this paper the emphasis will be on the aged. What is the relationship between ethnicity and the mental health problems of the elderly in American society? This paper offers some suggestions and reviews some data that might encourage further efforts in this area.
MODE OF ACTION OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS. I. STIMULATION OF GLUCONEOGENESIS INDEPENDENT OF SYNTHESIS DE NOVO OF ENZYMES.

The adrenal glucocorticoids regulate carbohydrate formation and protein synthesis (l-6), but the mechanism by which they influence either of these processes remains to be elucidated. The administration of glucocorticoids to rats is followed by increased formation of several liver enzymes that participate in amino acid degradation or gluconeogenesis; e.g. tyrosineol-ketoglutarate transaminase (7), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (8), glucose 6-phosphatase (9, lo), fructose 1 ,B-diphosphatase (10, II), glycogen synthetase (12), tryptophan pyrrolase (13)) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (14, 15)) and pyruvic carboxylase (16). Karlson (17) has suggested that several hormones may function by stimulating enzyme synthesis and considerable evidence from the literature may be cited in support of this concept (18, 19). Greengard, Weber, and Singhal (20) have postulated that “the regulatory effect of glucocorticoids may be brought about by action on the cellular concentration of certain enzyme proteins.” Their proposal was based on data showing that glycogen formation in rats given cortisone plus either actinomycin D or puromycin was less than the amount of glycogen formed by rats given cortisone alone. Weber, Singhal, and Stamm (21) and Kenny and Ku11 (22) have reiterated this postulate. The concept that the primary effect of glucocorticoids is on enzyme induction is not in agreement with the previous findings of Kvam and Parks (10) that ethionine did not diminish the early effects of hydrocortisone on blood glucose and liver glycogen in fasted, adrenalectomized rats. Segal and Lopez (23) have questioned the proposal of Greengard et al. (20). The results of t,he present investigation indicate that the primary effect of glucocorticoids is not on induction of enzyme formation, although the latter process may be required for the maximum expression of the hormones’ activity.
True histiocytic lymphoma

It is likely that a significant number of cases of THL will continue to be misdiagnosed unless appropriate cytochemical and immunologic markers are incorporated into the panel of studies performed at diagnosis. The clinical findings are nonspecific. With the possible exception of skin infiltration, the frequency of symptoms and signs appear to approximate those of intermediate grade lymphomas. Most commonly, it is the histopathological features that suggest the histiocytic nature of a malignant process, but these alone are not sufficient to secure the diagnosis. Thus, in the absence of a clearly defined lymphoid origin, it is the detection of specific histiocytic markers that establishes a lymphoma as THL. Only the recognition and careful study of additional cases will potentially enable clinical investigators to identify any unique characteristics and distinguish this disease from other lymphomas. For the present, it would appear that the treatment indicated for a patient with diffuse large cell lymphoma would also be appropriate for a comparable patient with THL. Although long-term disease-free survival in THL is possible, there are presently inadequate data to estimate curability.
Olfactory system gamma oscillations: the physiological dissection of a cognitive neural system

Oscillatory phenomena have been a focus of dynamical systems research since the time of the classical studies on the pendulum by Galileo. Fast cortical oscillations also have a long and storied history in neurophysiology, and olfactory oscillations have led the way with a depth of explanation not present in the literature of most other cortical systems. From the earliest studies of odor-evoked oscillations by Adrian, many reports have focused on mechanisms and functional associations of these oscillations, in particular for the so-called gamma oscillations. As a result, much information is now available regarding the biophysical mechanisms that underlie the oscillations in the mammalian olfactory system. Recent studies have expanded on these and addressed functionality directly in mammals and in the analogous insect system. Sub-bands within the rodent gamma oscillatory band associated with specific behavioral and cognitive states have also been identified. All this makes oscillatory neuronal networks a unique interdisciplinary platform from which to study neurocognitive and dynamical phenomena in intact, freely behaving animals. We present here a summary of what has been learned about the functional role and mechanisms of gamma oscillations in the olfactory system as a guide for similar studies in other cortical systems.
Decomposition of fluorescent illuminant spectra for accurate colorimetry

Fluorescent lamps are widely used in the office environment and in common desktop scanners. These lamps are characterized by the nearly monochromatic emission lines present in their radiant spectrum. Due to the presence of spectral lines special care is required in the computation of tristimulus values under these illuminants. Accurate computation of the tristimulus values can be performed digitally by modeling the radiance as the sum of a continuous spectrum emitted by the phosphors and weighted impulses corresponding to the emission lines. The paper considers a scheme for estimating the continuous spectrum and the strengths of the impulses from measurements of the spectrum with band limited sensors. The impact of noise in measured data on the accuracy of the final color computation is also considered. >
Viral persistence redirects CD4 T cell differentiation toward T follicular helper cells

CD4 T cell responses are crucial to prevent and control viral infection; however, virus-specific CD4 T cell activity is considered to be rapidly lost during many persistent viral infections. This is largely caused by the fact that during viral persistence CD4 T cells do not produce the classical Th1 cytokines associated with control of acute viral infections. Considering that CD4 T cell help is critical for both CD8 T cell and B cell functions, it is unclear how CD4 T cells can lose responsiveness but continue to sustain long-term control of persistent viral replication. We now demonstrate that CD4 T cell function is not extinguished as a result of viral persistence. Instead, viral persistence and prolonged T cell receptor stimulation progressively redirects CD4 T cell development away from the Th1 response induced during an acute infection toward T follicular helper cells. Importantly, this sustained CD4 T cell functionality is critical to maintain immunity and ultimately aid in the control of persistent viral infection.
Evidence for unconventional superconductivity in single crystals of the antiferromagnetic heavy-electron compound URu2Si2

Abstract Specific heat C(T) and upper critical field Hc2(T) measurements have been performed on two single crystal specimens (denoted A and B) of the antiferromagnetic heavy-electron superconductor URu2Si2. Specific heat measurements on both single crystals reveal two distinct jumps, indicative of two superconducting phases. This is reminiscent of the antiferromagnetic heavy-electron compound UPt3 in which multiple superconducting transitions have been observed and attributed to coupled antiferromagnetic and multicomponent superconducting order parameters, although two superconducting phases associated with two different states of the crystal cannot be ruled out. The relative magnitudes of the two specific heat jumps observed in crystal B suggest that the two superconducting phases occupy nearly equal volume fractions of the crystal. At temperatures below the lower jump, the specific heat of both crystals can be described by C3(T) = γs(0)T+AT3 with γ3(0) ≈ 0.5γn(0), where γn(0) is the value of the normal-state electronic specific heat coefficient γn(T), extrapolated to T = 0. The two critical temperatures inferred from the specific heat jumps in crystal B, measured in magnetic fields H between 0 and 15kOe applied parallel to the c-axis, have a similar dependence on H. Resistive measurements of Hc2(T) on specimens from crystal A between 0 and 60 kOe reveal a kink near 2 kOe for H⌈c and strong positive curvature in Hc2(T) below ∼3 kOe for H⌈a.
Understanding the emotion process: The clinical neuropsychology of emotion: A review of Yana Suchy, 2011. Clinical neuropsychology of emotion

Research on emotions has seen a significant increase in the last 20 years with findings stemming from a wide range of areas. Emotion has been a topic of interest of affective neuroscientists (Adolp...
Structural and biochemical analyses of cardiac ventricular enlargement in cold-acclimated striped bass

We examined effects of temperature acclimation on ultrastructural characteristics of cardiac myocytes and maximal activities of metabolic enzymes in cardiac tissue of striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Ventricular mass and ventricular mass divided by body weight were significantly increased (29% and 40%, respectively) in animals acclimated to cold (5 degrees C) vs. warm temperatures (25 degrees C). Mean myocyte diameter was increased at cold temperature (3.47 +/- 0.14 vs. 2.98 +/- 0.08 microns), which is sufficient to explain the increase in ventricular mass. Ventricular enlargement did not alter volume densities of mitochondria, myofibrils, protein concentration, or citrate synthase activity. Thus total volume of mitochondria and myofibrils increased proportionately with cardiac mass in cold animals. Activities of hexokinase (34%) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (42%) increased in cold animals, suggesting positive compensation and increased aerobic capacity for utilization of glucose and fatty acids for energy production. Enlargement of the ventricle and an increased capacity for ATP production in striped bass may help compensate for kinetic constraints at cold temperatures and maintain circulatory support to oxidative axial musculature for swimming activity.
Rationalities in adult Learning Education

A legalistic perspective would be based on constitutional recommendations or mandates to the effect that it is the right of every citizen to be literate and educated, thus having access to adult learning education. Non-literate citizens, or those who have not completed primary school or secondary education, or who need to be retraining and “retooled” to catch up with the world of work, should have the opportunity to do so.
THE COLD WAR AS INTELLECTUAL FORCE FIELD

One of the most vibrant subfields of American intellectual history over the last fifteen years has been the history of the social sciences during the late twentieth century, a period when the size and quality of American social-scientific output grew explosively. Given that the major historiographic push to historicize this period of social science began in the 1990s, in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the declaration by some Americans of Cold War victory, it was perhaps inevitable that the geopolitics of the Cold War emerged as a major tool for accounting for what was distinct about the social science and broader culture of the postwar period. After all, wasn't it obvious that what made the 1990s different from the decades that came before it was the fact that the Cold War was over? And wasn't it further obvious that the bipolar geopolitics and nuclear night terrors of the Cold War had deformed everything they touched, not least the work of American social scientists? One marker of this obviousness was the transformation of the term “Cold War” from a noun describing (perhaps already too vaguely) a particular sort of geopolitical struggle into an adjective that could explain all sorts of extra-geopolitical activity. By the turn of the century this adjectivalization of the Cold War had become something of a historiographic cliche, a blunt (if not lazy) way to historicize our immediate forebears. When John Lewis Gaddis chose to title his “rethink” of Cold War history Now We Know, he didn't even need to add Better.
Correlation of ankle-brachial index values with carotid disease, coronary disease, and cardiovascular risk factors in women.

BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that the use of ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements helps identify patients with peripheral arterial disease. Previous research also reveals a relationship between peripheral arterial disease and higher incidence of cardiac mortality and morbidity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of a low ABI (<0.90 mm Hg) with coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index greater than 25, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and carotid artery disease. METHODS A descriptive correlational design was used to study a population (N = 810) of fairly healthy women who self-selected to undergo cardiovascular screening that they paid for out of pocket. Cardiac disease and most of the data on risk factors were obtained using questionnaires. Carotid artery stenosis was determined by ultrasound. Hypotheses were tested using chi2 and independent t test. RESULTS A statistically significant relationship was found between a low ABI and the presence of moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis (chi2 = 5.90, P = .015). A low ABI (<0.90 mm Hg) was not significantly related to cardiac disease (chi2 = 0.83, P = .362), diabetes (chi2 = 1.82, P = .177), hypercholesterolemia (chi2 = 0.01, P = .930), claudication (chi2 = 2.06, P = .151), physical activity (chi2 = 1.17, P = .884), or body mass index (t = 1.12, P = .270). CONCLUSION The significant relationship between low ABI and carotid artery stenosis illustrates that atherosclerosis occurs in multiple arterial beds simultaneously. The lack of association between ABI and the other variables probably reflects the self-report nature of the data collected on these variables. Ankle-brachial index measurements may be useful in future research as a tool for early recognition of cardiovascular disease.
Development of an Alfalfa Having Resistance to the Meadow Spittlebug

Purdue Synthetic F. alfalfa, assigned the number A600 by t he Alfalfa Improvement Conference has been synthesized for evaluating resistance to certain insects as well as for desirable agronomic qualities. Numerous field trials of 2 acres in size show that resistance to the meadow spittlebug found in three of its four parent clones is transmitted to the progeny. A600 is not immune, but has a high amount of resistance not found in any commercially grown alfalfa. This resistance appears to be of three types: antibiosis, tolerance, and possibly unattractiveness or on-preference. It appears to inherit antibiosis from one of its parent clones, C40, which has consistently supported much lower populations than other clones in survival and field population studies. Tolerance is probably the most important resistance factor in A600, since damage from infestation is generally slight. Unattractiveness, or non-preference, is also probably a factor. There has been some evidence of this in selected alfalfa, but it is more difficult to ascertain.
The Use of Fumidil-B to Reduce Microsporidian Disease in Colonies of the Boll Weevil

When Fumidil-B® was fed to larval and adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to reduce the percent of weevils infected by a microsporidian (designated as 1069), a dose of 0.25% in the adult diet resulted in an average of 2% infected weevils (determined by presence of spores) at 2 weeks postemergence compared with 21% infection of similar weevils fed diet without Fumidil-B. Longevity was not affected by this dose, but fecundity and egg hatch were reduced to 32 and 76% of the control, respectively. Weevils from a diseased colony fed larval and then adult diets containing 0.15 and 0.0025% Fumidil-B, respectively, were 12% diseased compared with 86% of weevils reared and maintained on untreated diets.
Demonstration of a Coherent RF Repeater for Distributed Communications

In this letter, we demonstrate a coherent radio frequency repeater. The repeater adds the appropriate phase shift to amplify or null a signal generated by another platform and directed to a target point. It leverages a high-accuracy microwave ranging system to estimate the range between platforms and maintain phase coherence when the platforms are moved without additional feedback from the receiver. A continuous beamforming gain operation is achieved without phase or frequency locking the repeater to the transmitter. We include measurements of the stability of the ranging system and discuss potential sources of the variations that limit system performance. Results from outdoor experiments demonstrating successful amplification and nulling of an existing communications link with the repeater are provided.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has now evolved into standard therapy for patients unresponsive to conventional ventilatory and pharmacologic support. This article presents a clinical review of extracorporeal life support and its application to neonatal and pediatric patients as well as children requiring circulatory support after open heart surgery.
Nonlinear terahertz metamaterial perfect absorbers using GaAs [Invited]

We investigate the nonlinear response of terahertz (THz) metamaterial perfect absorbers consisting of electric split ring resonators on GaAs integrated with a polyimide spacer and gold ground plane. These perfect absorbers on bulk semi-insulating GaAs are characterized using high-field THz time-domain spectroscopy. The resonance frequency redshifts 20 GHz and the absorbance is reduced by 30% as the incident peak field is increased from 30 to 300 kV/cm. The nonlinear response arises from THz field driven interband transitions and intervalley scattering in the GaAs. To eliminate the Fresnel losses from the GaAs substrate, we design and fabricate a flexible metamaterial saturable perfect absorber. The ability to create nonlinear absorbers enables appealing applications such as optical limiting and self-focusing.
The Mark of Madness: Stigma, Serious Mental Illnesses and Social Work

Abstract Stigma is a major barrier to recovery for individuals with mental illnesses. It interferes with community living and attainment of resources and goals and damages self-esteem and self-efficacy. Given that social workers provide much of the mental health care to individuals with mental illnesses, and that actions to reduce stigma support the social justice mission of social work, addressing stigma should be a focus of social work interventions. The goals of this paper are to explore stigma theory in general and for individuals with serious mental illnesses, discuss the implications of this stigma analysis for social work, and make recommendations for action in both practice and research.
Nurse leader certification preparation: how are confidence levels impacted?

Aim The aim was to examine the effect of a nurse leader certification preparation course on the confidence levels of the participants. Background Limited literature is available regarding nurse leader development and certifications. Barriers exist related to lack of confidence, high cost, time and lack of access to a preparation course. Method Nurse leaders (n = 51) completed a pre- and post-survey addressing confidence levels of participants related to the topics addressed in the nurse leader certification preparation course. Results There were statistically significant increases in confidence levels related to all course content for the participants. At the time of the study, there were 31.4% of participants intending to sit for the certification examination, and 5 of the 51 participants successfully sat for and passed the examination. Conclusion A nurse leader certification preparation course increases confidence levels of the participants and removes barriers, thereby increasing the number of certifications obtained. Implications for nursing management The health-care climate is increasingly complex and nurse leaders need the expertise to navigate the ever-changing health-care environment. Certification in a specialty, such as leadership, serves as an indicator of a high level of competence in the field.
GSK-3 and CK2 Kinases Converge on Timeless to Regulate the Master Clock

The molecular clock relies on a delayed negative feedback loop of transcriptional regulation to generate oscillating gene expression. Although the principal components of the clock are present in all circadian neurons, different neuronal clusters have varying effects on rhythmic behavior, suggesting that the clocks they house are differently regulated. Combining biochemical and genetic techniques in Drosophila, we identify a phosphorylation program native to the master pacemaker neurons that regulates the timing of nuclear accumulation of the Period/Timeless repressor complex. GSK-3/SGG binds and phosphorylates Period-bound Timeless, triggering a CK2-mediated phosphorylation cascade. Mutations that block the hierarchical phosphorylation of Timeless in vitro also delay nuclear accumulation in both tissue culture and in vivo and predictably change rhythmic behavior. This two-kinase phosphorylation cascade is anatomically restricted to the eight master pacemaker neurons, distinguishing the regulatory mechanism of the molecular clock within these neurons from the other clocks that cooperate to govern behavioral rhythmicity.
Student Modeling in an Intelligent Tutoring System

Intelligent tutors have often been used mainly to teach students. In the ASSISTments project, we have emphasized using the intelligent tutoring system as an assessment system that just so happens to provide instructional assistance during the test. In this chapter we review and summarize some of the main studies we have done with the system. Usually its believed that assessment get harder if students are allowed to learn during the test, as its then like try to hit a moving target. So our results are surprising, that by providing tutoring to students while they are assessed we actually improve the assessment of students’ knowledge. We also review out attempts to give teachers feedback based on fine grained skill models. Overall, we conclude that using intelligent tutoring systems to do assessment seems like a reasonable way of dealing with the dilemma that every minute spent testing students takes time away from instruction. Key word: Intelligent Tutoring System, online tutoring, assessment, student modeling
Electronic Effects on Narcissistic Self-Sorting in Multicomponent Self-Assembly of Fe-Iminopyridine meso-Helicates.

Small changes in the electron donating ability of coordinating groups have substantial effects on the multicomponent self-assembly of Fe (II)-iminopyridine-based meso-helicate complexes. Both the nature of the internal diamine core and the terminal formylpyridine reactants control the rate of the assembly process, the thermodynamic favorability of the meso-helicate products, and the selective incorporation of different aldehyde termini into the assembly. Steric congestion at the coordinating ligands can prevent assembly altogether, and favorable incorporation of electron-rich aldehyde termini is observed, even though the rate of reaction is accelerated by the use of electron-poor aldehyde reactants. NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses were employed to determine the synergistic nature of narcissistic self-sorting in this system, which depends on both the rigidity of the central core and the electronic donor ability of the aldehyde terminus. These experiments illustrate that significa...
GM-CSF and IL-4 Derived Fusion Cytokine Reprograms Leukemic B-Cells to Anti-CLL Effectors

Abstract Abstract 4606 Fusion cytokines derived from GM-CSF and common γ-chain interleukins have potent gain-of-function properties to alter host immune response. Considering leukemic B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients broadly express the IL-4 receptor, we generated a human GM-CSF and IL-4 derived fusokine GIFT4 to test its immune function on CLL-B cells. Unexpectedly, GIFT4 protein reprograms leukemic B cells into anti-CLL effectors with T-helper features. We show that GIFT4 recombinant protein led to IL4R-dependent hyper-phosphorylation of STAT5 in primary human CLL cells. GIFT4 treated CLL B-cells also up-regulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86. These cells also secreted IL-1b, IL-6, ICAM1 and substantial IL-2. GIFT4-CLL B cells further propelled the expansion of IFN-g-producing CD314+ autologous cytotoxic NK and T cells in vitro. Administration of GIFT4 protein in NSG immune deficient mice decreased the survival of primary CLL cells from patients in murine circulation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that GIFT4 has potent anti-CLL immune function by reprograming leukemic B cells into anti-CLL helper cells. We propose that the newly bio-engineered fusokine GIFT4 could serve as a potential immunotherapeutic for CLL treatment. Disclosures: Flowers: Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Bredala: Semantic Data Redistribution for In Situ Applications

In situ processing is a promising solution to the problem of imbalance between computational capabilities and I/O bandwidth in current and future supercomputers. Initially designed for staging I/O, in situ middleware now can support a wide range of domains such as visualization, machine learning, filtering, and feature tracking. Doing so requires in situ middleware to manage complex heterogeneous codes using different data structures. Data need to be transformed and reorganized along the data path to fit the analysis needs. However, redistributing complex data structures is difficult. In many cases, arbitrarily splitting the arrays of a data structure destroys the semantic integrity of the data. We present Bredala, a lightweight library to annotate a data model with enough information to preserve the semantic integrity of the data during a redistribution. Bredala allows developers to describe how to split and merge a data model safely, operations usually done by in situ middleware. We evaluate the cost and performance of our library in a molecular dynamics application. We show that our data model can simplify the workflow graph of large-scale applications, improve the reusability of tasks, and offer an efficient alternative to redistribute the data.
The Corrosive Nature of Molten Glass

One of the outstanding characteristics of molten glass is its ability to chemically and physically attack the refractories which serve to contain the glass. The physical attack usually consists of penetration of voids, cracks and joints by the molten glass or in some cases refractories may be abraded. Chemical corrosion is much more deleterious to the life of the refractories since it involves the dissolution of some or all of their components. Additionally, this chemical interaction is potentially a source of defective glass product.
Invasive Plant Species and the Ornamental Horticulture Industry

The ornamental horticulture industry is responsible for the introduction, propagation, and transport of thousands of nonnative plant species, most of which stay in their intended locations or spread without significant environmental impacts. However, some nonindigenous plant species have proved to be particularly invasive and quite environmentally deleterious. The economically and politically powerful horticulture industry is faced with the dichotomous dilemma of the freedom to import and propagate plant species juxtaposed with the responsibility to be a diligent land steward. We discuss the various fundamental biological factors of plant invasion, as well as the environmental impacts, probability, prediction, and ranking of invasive species. We also review the role of the nursery industry in importing nonnative species, the perception of the problem by nursery personnel, and the impact of governmental and self-regulation. We conclude with recommendations for the ornamental plant industry to mitigate its role in dispersing invasive, nonnative plant species.