cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Developmental Instability—Sexual Selection Hypothesis: A General Evaluation and Case Study

Developmental instability results from small, random perturbations to developmental processes of individual traits. Phenotypic outcomes of developmental instability include fluctuating asymmetry (FA, subtle deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) and phenodeviance (minor morphological abnormalities). A great deal of research over the past 18 years has focused on the role of developmental instability in sexual selection. A driving force behind this research has been the developmental instability-sexual selection hypothesis, which posits that symmetry and lack of phenodeviance in secondary sexual traits are assessed by mates and rivals because they provide a reliable cue of individual genetic quality. The present article tests this hypothesis by evaluating its five main predictions using published results: expressions of developmental instability in secondary sexual traits should be (1) negatively correlated with mating success; (2) directly assessed by mates and sexual rivals; (3) heritable; (4) condition-dependent; and (5) negatively correlated with ornament size. The first two predictions receive considerable, though not ubiquitous, support from a range of animal species. However, FA in secondary sexual traits is generally not significantly heritable, indicating that FA is unlikely to reveal genetic quality that can be transmitted to offspring. Similarly, there is little evidence to support the predictions that FA is condition dependent, and that it is negatively phenotypically or genetically correlated with sexual trait size. Based on an evaluation of the evidence overall, it is concluded that this hypothesis is unlikely to be viable; it appears unlikely that mate choice for symmetry evolves by “good genes” sexual selection. Hypotheses that do not require asymmetry and phenodeviance to reveal heritable genetic quality may explain observed links between FA/phenodeviance and mating success. Results of a case study of Drosophila bipectinata are summarized, which reinforce this general conclusion. It is suggested that nonadditive genetic variation arising from an interaction between trait-specific developmental genes and genetic background may drive sexual selection for reducing developmental instability in some cases. Levels of developmental instability variation in a population may need to surpass a critical threshold for sexual selection to operate, possibly explaining some of the pronounced heterogeneity in the effect of developmental instability on sexual selection reported in the literature.
Support Services for Campus Remote Users

Abstract Library remote users are often thought of as long-distance users of the library. As libraries begin to provide electronic databases through campus backbones a new group of remote users will emerge. Campus remote users are in a unique situation which requires support services that blend services provided to patrons who come into the library and those who are long-distance users. This article offers tips and suggestions in providing support services to campus remote users.
Evaluation of the binding between potential anti-HIV DNA-based drugs and viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

The fusion of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the target cell was assisted by the interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein HIV-1 gp120 and a chemokine receptor. Studies have shown that the efficiency of the binding depends on the presence of the V3 loop of the gp120 which is known to interact with polyanions, such as phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (Sd, potential anti-HIV drugs). In this study, capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) was used to systematically evaluate binding between Sd and HIV-1 gp120. A 25-mer fluorescently tagged phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (GEM) was employed as a probe to study this interaction. The dissociation constant (K(d)) between GEM and gp120 was determined to be 0.98 nM by Scatchard analysis. The competition constants (K(c)) of a set of Sd that compete with GEM for binding to gp120 were also determined. The results showed that the interaction had a strong dependence on the sulfur phosphorothioate backbone. Chain length and the sequence of Sd also affect the ability of binding to gp120. The ability to study the protein-drug binding in the solution with minimal sample consumption makes CE-LIF very attractive for biological studies.
Diffraction of plane waves by a wedge with impedance boundary conditions

Abstract The problem studied is the diffraction of a plane wave by a wedge with impedance boundary conditions imposed on the faces of the wedge. A method developed by the author is used to solve this problem. It involves a Green’s function representation of the field, the so-called extinction theorem and Fourier transforms. The method also provides a check on the numerical accuracy of the results. Some representative curves are given for the far-field scattering pattern.
Spectrophotometric and radiometric studies on the in vivo binding of phenobarbital to hepatic microsomes.

Abstract We have examined hepatic microsomes prepared from phenobarbital-treated animals for the presence of the inducer and found that significant concentrations of the drug remain bound even after a number of washings. The bound drug is at least 70% unmetabolized and interferes with the in vitro binding of ethylmorphine and phenobarbital to the type I binding site but is not bound to the type I site since the K s is 0.2–6.4 μ m whereas the K s for type I binding of phenobarbital is 103 μ m . The high affinity site was not observed in microsomes from control animals either spectrophotometrically or radiometrically. The bound drug can be removed by bovine serum albumin to give a reverse pseudo-type I spectrum with a peak at 412 nm rather than the 425 nm observed for the trough of the typical type I spectrum. These data suggest that induction with phenobarbital may alter the spectral properties of cytochrome P -450 and hence care should be taken in comparing spectral data between microsomes from phenobarbital-treated and control animals.
Radioresistance of F1 hybrids in the Triticeae

Abstract Potted plants of three F 1 grass hybrids and their respective parents were subjected to acute doses of X-rays ranging from 1 to 8 kR. The hybrids were: Sitanion hystrix × Agropyron trachycaulum, Agropyron cristatum × Agropyron subsecundum , and Agropyron trachycaulum × Hordeum jubatum . As measured by mortality, growth inhibition and dry weight, the hybrids were strikingly and consistently more resistant to the higher dosages of radiation than were their parents or any of the species studied. The radioresistance of the hybrids was not accompanied by unusually low average interphase chromosome volumes, nor by consistent marked increase in rate of growth. The heterozygosity of the hybrids is believed to be associated with their radioresistance in a manner not yet clear.
Sociology as Public Practice: Toward a Better Utilization of Research and Theory: 2005 Presidential Address to the Pacific Sociological Association

This article examines the role of sociologists as public intellectuals. The author discusses the role of the media in disseminating sociological knowledge and the impediments to using it for serious sociological commentary. There are many persuasive reasons why sociology and sociologists should use the language and the medium of the average person and engage in framing the controversies and issues of our time.
The Older Volunteer: Expectations and Satisfactions

they work. Not all older persons will choose a one-to-one relationship with a client, but those who do become very articulate advocates for their client. Recognition, for them, comes from the client himself and his progress in the program. Administration has been defined as the accomplishment of goals through the efforts of other persons. When older persons are enlisted as volunteers, their efforts can make a tremendous difference in the lives of the people with whom they work. Coordination of volunteer services then means that each older volunteer is placed where he can use his unique knowledge and skills and where he enjoys working. As RSVP spreads across the United States, the administration of programs involving older volunteers will tap the greatest unused pool of manpower we have in the United States today. It is up to us to find ways for everybody to help somebody!
Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) meso-Tetracyclohexylporphyrins. Structural and Electronic Effects Induced by meso-Cyclohexyl Substitution in Metalloporphyrins.

The synthesis and X-ray structures of the zinc(II) and nickel(II) complexes of meso-tetracyclohexylporphyrin H2(TCHP) are described. The nonplanarity of the meso substituents results in steric crowding at the porphyrin periphery. In the solid state, the nickel(II) complex Ni(TCHP) has a ruffled porphyrin conformation while Zn(TCHP) exhibits a stepped distortion of the macrocycle. In chloroform solution, fast rotation of the cyclohexyl groups on the NMR time scale is observed at room temperature for both complexes. Temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectra showed that the (−g,g,−g,g) conformer of Zn(TCHP) and Ni(TCHP) is prevalent in solution at low temperatures and gave an estimate for the rotation barrier of the cyclohexyl groups (ΔGc⧧ = 10−12 kcal mol-1). In both complexes, the porphyrin ring is easier to oxidize and harder to reduce than in their tetraphenylporphyrin M(TPP) congeners, in agreement with the stronger electron-donating effect of the cyclohexyl group. The magnitude of the potential shift is lar...
Effect of Posture on Oxygenation, Lung Volume, and Respiratory Mechanics in Premature Infants Studied Before Discharge

Objectives To determine if the prone versus the supine posture was associated with higher oxygenation levels in prematurely born infants before discharge, whether any such effect was explained by alterations in lung volume or respiratory mechanics, and if the changes were greater in oxygen-dependent infants. Patients Twenty infants (10 oxygen-dependent), median gestational age 30 (range: 27-32) weeks, were studied at a median postconceptional age of 35 weeks (range: 32-38 weeks). Methods On 2 successive days, infants were studied both supine and prone; each posture was maintained for 3 hours. Oxygen saturation was continuously monitored and at the end of each 3-hour period; compliance and resistance of the respiratory system and functional residual capacity (FRC) were measured. Results Overall, the median oxygen saturation and FRC were significantly higher in the prone position; compliance of the respiratory system and resistance of the respiratory system were not significantly affected by posture. Differences in oxygen saturation and FRC were significantly higher in the prone posture in the oxygen-dependent, but not the nonoxygen-dependent infants. Conclusions Superior oxygenation in the prone posture in oxygen-dependent premature infants studied before discharge could be explained by higher lung volumes.
Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Sublimation of d-Glucose, d-Xylose, Cellobiose, and Levoglucosan

The vapor pressures of α-d-glucose (or dextrose), d-xylose, d-cellobiose (or 4-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucopyranose), and levoglucosan (or 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) have been measured using the Knudsen effusion technique, in the range of temperatures from 344 to 488 K. The measurements were all made in the solid sublimation regime, and enthalpies of sublimation were calculated from the Clausius−Clapeyron equation. The vapor pressures may be correlated by ln(P/Pa) = A − B/ (T/K), where A = 53.16, B = 23 382 (±600) for d-glucose (395−406 K), A = 46.29 and B = 19 006 (±375) for d-xylose (370−395 K), and A = 70.30 and B = 36 264 (±5220) for cellobiose (474−488 K). Levoglucosan displayed a solid phase transition at approximately 386 K, and its vapor pressure was affected accordingly. For this material, A = 38.96 and B = 15 049 (±123) in the temperature range 344−386 K and A = 31.19 and B = 12 066 (±709) in the temperature range 386−405 K.
Career Instruments and High School Students With Learning Disabilities: Support for the Utility of Three Vocational Measures

Conventional wisdom in the area of assessment strongly supports the notion that instruments used for vocational or career decision-making purposes should possess sound psychometric properties. This...
Primary headaches in restless legs syndrome patients

Earlier studies conducted among migraineurs have shown an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS). We chose RLS patients and looked for migraine to exclude sample bias. Materials and Methods: 99 consecutive subjects of idiopathic RLS were recruited from the sleep clinic during four months period. Physician diagnosis of headache and depressive disorder was made with the help of ICHD-2 and DSM-IV-TR criteria, respectively. Sleep history was gathered. Severity of RLS and insomnia was measured using IRLS (Hindi version) and insomnia severity index Hindi version, respectively. Chi-square test, one way ANOVA and t-test were applied to find out the significance. Results: Primary headache was seen in 51.5% cases of RLS. Migraine was reported by 44.4% subjects and other types of 'primary headaches' were reported by 7.1% subjects. Subjects were divided into- RLS; RLS with migraine and RLS with other headache. Females outnumbered in migraine subgroup (χ2 =16.46, P<0.001). Prevalence of depression (χ2 =3.12, P=0.21) and family history of RLS (χ2 =2.65, P=0.26) were not different among groups. Severity of RLS (P=0.22) or insomnia (P=0.43) were also similar. Conclusion: Migraine is frequently found in RLS patients in clinic based samples. Females with RLS are prone to develop migraine. Depression and severity of RLS or insomnia do not affect development of headache.
Calibration of vacuum-ultraviolet monochromators by the molecular branching-ratio technique

Vacuum UV monochromators calibration by molecular branching ratio technique based on electron transition probabilities
Probing the Effect of Post-Synthesis Grafting on Guest−Host Interactions in Sol−Gel Silica with Single-Molecule Mobility and Photostability

The mobility and photostability of single rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules encapsulated in organosilane modified silica alcogel films were used to examine how postsynthesis grafting alters guest−host i...
Heterosis and resistance to DFP effects on spatial learning in C57BL × DBA hybrids

Abstract The inbred mouse strains C57BL/6Ibg and DBA/2Ibg differ in their ability to exhibit spatial learning in the Morris water task. C57BL mice learn the task well and show impairment of spatial learning following disruption of cholinergic function. DBA mice show rudimentary spatial learning ability, and are not further impaired when cholinergic function is decreased. These mice may carry genes regulating a noncholinergic spatial learning system. To test this hypothesis, first generation (F 1 ) hybrids between DBA and C57BL mice were tested for spatial learning in the Morris water task. The hybrids performed better than either parental strain, suggesting that both parents contributed genes for spatial learning ability. Chronic treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), which abolished spatial learning ability in C57BL mice, produced only minor impairments in the hybrids. The behavioral resistance to DFP occurred despite significant reductions in hippocampal and cortical muscarinic binding. The results suggest either that the hybrids inherited a noncholinergic neurochemical system influencing spatial learning from their DBA parents or that the DFP treatment did not disrupt cholinergic function to a sufficient degree to impair the superior learning abilities of the F, hybrids.
Making time: A reply to Rubens

The differences between Dr. Rubens and myself are not, I think, primarily to be located in the area of psychotherapeutic technique or even in particular questions related to brief therapy. Rather, our differences are of a much more radical kind, resting on a dispute about the constituent elements of reality itself. Perhaps the best point at which to begin my response to Rubens’ thoughtful comments is with his effort to correct Winnicott’s claim: “Hate is expressed by the existence of the end of the hour.” Rubens insists that it is not hate, but “reality” which is expressed by the hour’s ending. To paraphrase, it is as though Rubens’ therapist says, “Don’t take this personally, but, reality forces both you and I to stop now.” Rubens’ reality bears the heat, while therapist and patient bend to accommodate. But, for both Winnicott and myself, it is just this apparently impersonal, thing-like reality which must be treated as an illusory, defensive construction. It is not reality which is expressed; it is the therapist’s wish. The patient must bow, not to “reality”, but to the determining power of the therapist. Rubens, in suggesting that “reality” is ontologically independent of the two parties in the therapy, merely fosters a convenient compromise: each participant submits to a mystified authority, in this case, the authority of Reality. And thus, the heated conflict-ridden dynamic which binds the two parties is cooled and displaced. This cooled medium of “reality” is constructed as the culprit which brings gratification to an end. Reasonable parties presumably acknowledge the power of this medium and proceed apace. But psychoanalytic thought does nothing if it does not call into question just such constructions regarding reality. The real and the reasonable are introduced, sustained and shaped by a continuous internal and socially grounded interplay of desire, memory and force. Reality does not exist as some stuff on which mental life reflects; rather it is itself a construction of mental life, a construction whose shape, limits and textures must be continually reinforced. To assume, as I think Rubens does, the unproblematic presence of this third term realityin the otherwise dyadic therapeutic relationship is to eliminate, by assumption, the central task facing that dyad: the task of dismantling and illuminating the skeletons of passion which support the illusorily solid forms of memory-haunted reality. Throughout, Rubens appeals to this reality, or its kin, reason. For instance, being, “reasonable”, he insists that recollection is distinct from nostalgia. Were
Combining vision and computer graphics for video motion capture

We describe innovative methods for extracting three-dimensional motion of humans and animals from unrestricted monocular video, using a combination of new and established computer vision and computer graphics techniques. We identity features using image processing and active contours. Active contours become anchored to model segments in specified image frames and automatically "pull" the segments to feature positions in other frames. Adjustments are subject to joint limits and may use inverse kinematics. Occluded contour points are detected using object geometry and do not participate in feature tracking. Interactive adjustments are possible at any time in the process, allowing extraction of complicated movements regardless of background, camera movement, or feature clarity.
Optically Induced Nuclear Magnetization. A Progress Report

Following a suggestion by A. Kastler, an attempt has been made to produce a high degree of nuclear orientation in ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{199}$ vapor by the absorption of circularly polarized resonance radiation. A method is described for detecting the nuclear orientation by observing the intensity of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-component of the resonance radiation. No indication of orientation was found. The probable cause for this failure is considered to be the imprisonment and consequent depolarization of the effective component of the resonance radiation.
Diagnostic considerations for optical laser-extinction measurements of soot in high-pressure transient combustion environments

Laser-extinction diagnostics can provide spatially and temporally resolved measurements of attenuation from combustion-generated soot within the path of the beam. When laser-extinction techniques are utilized in high-pressure combustion environments, however, a number of complications may be encountered that are not present in low-pressure environments. Several of these experimental difficulties were investigated in diesel engine environments, and solutions that facilitated acquisition of reliable laser-extinction data were demonstrated. Beam steering due to refractive index gradients within the combusting gases was observed, and a full-angle beam divergence of over 100 mrad was measured. A spatial-filtering scheme was employed to reduce the collection of forward-scattered light and background combustion luminosity while ensuring full collection of the steered beam. To further reject combustion luminosity, a narrow-bandpass laser-line filter was employed, after diffusing the transmitted light sufficiently to avoid the effects of significant spatial non-uniformities of the filter. As the windows were subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses, dynamic etaloning effects due to the photoelastic properties of synthetic fused silica were observed. Dynamic changes in the polarization of the exit beam were also observed, as stress-induced birefringence in the windows caused dynamic phase retardation of the transmitted beam. Although these photoelastic effects could not be eliminated, they were mitigated by introducing curvature to the wavefronts in the laser-extinction beam and using polarization-insensitive elements in the detection optics. Soot deposits on window surfaces were removed ablatively using a coaxial, high-energy, pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam.
The identification and testing of interaction patterns

This paper presents a method for identifying and assessing the significance of interaction patterns among various chemicals and chemical classes of importance to regulatory toxicologists. To this end, efforts were made to assemble and evaluate experimental data on toxicologically significant interactions, to use this information to characterize the consistency of toxicological interactions, and to define classes of compounds that display similar toxicological interactions. The motivation for this effort is to be able to propose hypotheses, which can be validated by experimentation, on how 2 or more chemicals will interact.
On the Maximum Number of Independent Cycles in a Bipartite Graph

LetG=(V1, V2; E) be a bipartite graph with |V1|=|V2|=n?2k, wherekis a positive integer. Suppose that the minimum degree ofGis at leastk+1. We show that ifn>2k, thenGcontainskvertex-disjoint cycles. We also show that ifn=2k, thenGcontainsk?1 quadrilaterals and a path of order 4 such that all of them are vertex-disjoint. Moreover, the condition on degrees is sharp. We conjecture that whenn=2k,Gindeed containskvertex-disjoint quadrilaterals.
Mozzarella cheese: 40 years of scientific advancement

An overview is presented of selected advances in the science of mozzarella cheese during the past 40 years. This is not intended to be a comprehensive review but rather to focus on several key milestones in the ongoing quest to understand the physicochemical basis for cheese structure and function. In keeping with the theme of this symposium, this paper highlights the pivotal role that Professor P. F. Fox had in shaping my understanding of mozzarella structure–function and the direction of my research during the past decade. The unfolding of mozzarella science has ebbed and flowed, with significant advances being made early on that were not fully recognized until much later.
On Γ-convergence of integral functionals defined on various weighted Sobolev spaces

We consider weighted Sobolev spaces correlated with a sequence of n-dimensional domains. We prove a theorem on the choice of a subsequence Γ-convergent to an integral functional defined on a “limit” weighted Sobolev space from a sequence of integral functionals defined on the spaces indicated.
Review: Enoxaparin during PCI is better than unfractionated heparin for reducing mortality in CHD

Source Citation Silvain J, Beygui F, Barthelemy O, et al. Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analy...
Disposition of metals after portal and systemic administration to rats

Abstract To determine if metals undergo significant hepatic presystemic elimination, male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered solutions of ionic 109 Cd, 64 Cu, 203 Hg and CH 3 203 Hg, 210 Pb, and 113 Sn at 1.0 μmol metal/kg into either the ileocolic (portal administration) or femoral vein (systemic administration). Serial blood and bile samples were obtained for 90 min after administration. Whereas the area under the blood concentration vs time curve after portal administration was not less than that following systemic administration for any metal, route-dependent differences in distribution did occur. Portal, in comparison to systemic administration, resulted in a higher blood/plasma concentration ratio for mercury and lower ratio for lead. These data suggest that the liver may play a role in the distribution of these metals within the blood. In addition, the biliary excretion of mercury, methylmercury, cadmium, and lead was higher after portal than after systemic administration. These route-dependent differences in disposition suggest that some degree of hepatic presystemic elimination occurs for several metals.
Characterization of CdTe and HgCdTe by Photo-Thermal Excitation Spectroscopy

We report an infrared photo-thermal excitation imaging and spectroscopy study of CdTe and CdZnTe substrates as well as HgCdTe/CdZnTe and HgCdTe/Si epilayers. The applicability, advantages, and limitations of the technique as a tool for both ex situ and in situ monitoring of bandgap, thickness, and growth temperature are discussed. We show that photo-thermal imaging allows for direct visual imaging of the bandgap region of CdTe and CdZnTe substrates. We also show that photo-thermal spectroscopy can provide epilayer thickness information independent of the dielectric function. The method is orthogonal to existing optical characterization techniques and could be combined with them for improved accuracy.
Molecular phylogeny of phyllopharyngen ciliates and their novel Group I introns

We analyze small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssu-rDNA) sequences to evaluate both the monophyly of the ciliate class Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac et al. (1974), and relationships among subclasses. Classifications based on morphology and ultrastructure divide the Phyllopharyngea into four subclasses: the Phyllopharyngia, Chonotrichia, Rhynchodia and Suctoria. Our analyses of ssu-rDNA genealogies derived from sequence data collected from diverse members representing three of the four subclasses of Phyllopharyngea provide strong support for the monophyly of the Phyllopharyngea, and show that the Chonotrichia emerge from within the Phyllopharyngia. Based on this initial sampling, suctorian budding types are monophyletic, and exogenous budding appears to be basal to evaginative and endogenous budding. Further, we report the discovery of a group I intron at position 891 in the Suctoria Acineta sp. and Tokophrya lemnarum, and a second group I intron at position 1506 in T. lemnarum. These introns represent only the second examples of group I introns in a ciliate ribosomal gene, since the discovery of ribozymes in the LSU rRNA gene of Tetrahymena thermophila 20 years ago. Phylogenetic analyses of Group I introns suggest a complex evolutionary history involving either multiple loses or gains of introns within endogenously budding Suctoria.
IL-28 Supplants Requirement for Treg Cells in Protein σ1-Mediated Protection against Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Conventional methods to induce tolerance in humans have met with limited success. Hence, efforts to redirect tolerogen uptake using reovirus adhesin, protein sigma 1 (pσ1), may circumvent these shortcomings based upon the recent finding that when reovirus pσ1 is engineered to deliver chicken ovalbumin (OVA) mucosally, tolerance is obtained, even with a single dose. To test whether single-dose tolerance can be induced to treat EAE, proteolipid protein (PLP130–151) was genetically fused to OVA to pσ1 (PLP:OVA-pσ1) and shown to significantly ameliorate EAE, suppressing proinflammatory cytokines by IL-10+ forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ CD25+CD4+ Treg and IL-4+CD25−CD4+ Th2 cells. IL-10R or IL-4 neutralization reversed protection to EAE conferred by PLP:OVA-pσ1, and adoptive transfer of Ag-specific Treg or Th2 cells restored protection against EAE in recipients. Upon assessment of each relative participant, functional inactivation of CD25 impaired PLP:OVA-pσ1's protective capacity, triggering TGF-β-mediated inflammation; however, concomitant inactivation of TGF-β and CD25 reestablished PLP:OVA-pσ1-mediated protection by IL-28-producing FoxP3+CD25−CD4+ T cells. Thus, pσ1-based therapy can resolve EAE independently of or dependently upon CD25 and assigns IL-28 as an alternative therapy for autoimmunity.
Fracture of the Medial Tubercle of the Posterior Process of the Talus: A Case Report and Literature Review

A 32-year-old man experienced pain behind the medial malleolus and an inability to bear full weight after jumping approximately 3 feet during a basketball game. A diagnosis of fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus was made, and the patient was treated for 7 weeks in a nonweightbearing cast. Twenty-four-month follow-up demonstrated no limitation of activity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fracture of the posterior process of the talus that was treated nonoperatively with a successful outcome.
Sexual size dimorphism and assortative mating in Carolina Wrens

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) may be due to sexual and natural selection, but identifying specific mechanisms that generate such dimorphism in a species is difficult. I examined SSD in Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) by examining (1) the degree of SSD in the population and between pairs using five morphometrics, (2) assortative mating patterns based on size and age, and (3) relationships between size and longevity. Analysis revealed that males were significantly larger than females in all body measurements. For example, mass, bill, and wing measurements yielded a canonical variable that permitted separation of the sexes and linear classification functions correctly determined the sex of 95% (238/250) of all wrens measured. No evidence was found to suggest that SSD was related to resource partitioning. However, assortative mating trends based on morphometrics (e.g., wing length), positive associations between longevity and morphometrics (e.g., wing length in females and body size in males), and intense male-male contests for territorial resources year-round provide evidence that sexual selection may contribute to SSD in Carolina Wrens.
Role of Humoral Mediators in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Etude de la serotonine, du facteur activateur des plaquettes, des leucocytes et du chimiotactisme
Swelling of network structures

Abstract Rubber swelling theory is revisited in an attempt to derive consistent thermodynamic expressions for the elastic free energy valid for the swelling of a crosslinked polymer by liquids, gases or supercritical fluids. In this approach, evaluation of solvent properties in a hypothetical reference state is not needed. An equation of state for the crosslinked polymer is presented which may be used for the evaluation of its internal pressure. Model calculations are compared with experimental data on the swelling of crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) by benzene and supercritical carbon dioxide.
Gating of cx46 gap junction hemichannels by calcium and voltage

Connexin 46 (cx46), when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, not only forms typical gap junction channels between paired cells but also forms open gap junction hemichannels in the plasma membrane of single cells. The gap junction hemichannels share properties with complete gap junction channels in terms of permeability and gating. Here we characterize the gate that closes hemichannels in response to increased calcium concentration with whole-cell and single-channel records. The channels close within a narrow range of extracellular calcium concentrations (1-2 mM) which includes the calcium concentration prevailing in the primary site of cx46 expression, the lens. The effect of calcium on the channels is determined by voltage. A cysteine mutant of cx46, cx46L35C, was used to determine the localization of the gate. Experimental evidence suggests that position 35 is pore lining. The localization protocol tests the accessibility of position 35 for thiol reagents applied extra- or intracellularly to the channel closed by calcium. Channel closure by calcium excluded the thiol reagent from the outside but not from the inside. Consequently, the gate results in a regional closure of the pore and it is located extracellular to the position 35 of cx46. The present data also suggest that the cx46 gap junction hemichannel may exert a physiological function in the lens. Considering the association of calcium with cataract formation, it is feasible that misregulation of cx46 gap junction hemichannels could be a cause for cataract.
New approaches to on-line ion-pair extraction and derivatization for high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract In a continuation of earlier work, the use of ion-pairing reagents to increase the compatibility of high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is demonstrated. Counter-ions were selected for examination on the basis of the structural requirements for mass spectrometric fragmentation and the on-line extractability of their ion pairs with different solutes into organic solvents. The use of aromatic ( e.g. , naphthalenesulfonate, picrate) instead of aliphatic ( e.g. , n -decylsulfate) counter-ions shows a significant simplification of the resulting electron impact mass spectra of the solutes. Thus, structural information on the solutes can be easily obtained, especially when relevant peaks occur at lower m /= values. A second example of on-line chemical transformation for LC-MS is shown in the use of trimethylanilinium hydroxide for selective methylation. These results along with previous work, demonstrate practical approaches to enhance the on-line LC-MS method using the moving-belt interface.
Functional thermogenic beige adipogenesis is inducible in human neck fat

Recent studies suggest human neck brown adipose tissue (BAT) to consist of ‘brown adipocyte (BA)-like’ or beige adipocytes. However, little is known about their thermogenic function. Within the beige adipocyte transcriptome, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a gene whose protein product acts as an adipokine, regulating cold-induced thermogenesis in animals. Here, we explored (i) the adipogenic potential, thermogenic function and FGF21 secretory capacity of beige adipocytes derived from human neck fat and (ii) the role of FGF21 in modulating adipose bioenergetics. Progenitors isolated from human cervical fat were differentiated into adipocytes with either a BA-like or white adipocyte (WA) phenotype. FGF21 secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay. Real-time PCR/western blotting was used to determine cellular mRNA/protein levels. Extracellular flux bioanalyzer was used to quantify adipocyte oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation. Adipocyte heat production was measured by infrared thermography. Under hormonal manipulation, primary human neck pre-adipocytes differentiated into adipocytes with either BA-like or WA phenotypes, on gene/protein and functional levels. BA-like cells expressed beige but not classic BA markers. During BA differentiation, FGF21 gene expression and secretion were increased, and were augmented following norepinephrine exposure (a cold mimic in vitro). Differentiated WA expressed β-klotho, a critical co-factor mediating FGF21 action. Treatment of WA with FGF21-induced UCP1 expression and increased oxygen consumption, respiratory uncoupling, norepinephrine-mediated thermogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and heat production, thus recapitulating the association between cold-induced FGF21 secretion and cold-induced thermogenesis in vivo. Beige adipocytes are thermogenic in humans. FGF21 is a beige adipokine capable of promoting a brown fat-like thermogenic program in WAs. This study provides first evidence of inducible functional thermogenic beige adipogenesis in human neck fat. FGF21 holds promise as a cold-induced beige adipokine with metabolic benefits of therapeutic relevance through browning of white adipose tissue.
A conceptual model for surface states and catalysis on d -band perovskites

This paper proposes a conceptual model to describe symmetry factors believed to be most important in catalyzing a reaction on a transition metal oxide. An hypothetical situation is constructed from a model reaction, the dimerization of ethylene to form cyclobutane, and a model perovskite, SrTiO3. A detailed review is given of the symmetry imposed energy barrier for the gas phase reaction. Then it is shown how thed xy, dxz, dyz atomic orbitals have the symmetry required to reduce this energy barrier when a transition metal atom is included in the reaction. It is also shown how the evergy barrier reduction depends upon the electronic occupation of thed orbitals and upon the relative energies of thed orbitals involved in the reaction. Using SrTiO3 as an example, it is shown that the perovskites possess highly localized, atomic-liked surface states of the required symmetry. Two semiquantitative examples are developed for the catalyzed dimerization of ethylene on the (100) surface of SrTiO3. A preliminary discussion is given of the role played by surface potentials in promoting the reaction.
Earth Oblateness in Terms of Satellite Orbital Periods

A theoretical equation relating the earth's oblateness to the anomalistic and nodical periods and orbit parameters of an earth satellite is presented. In the absence of exact data on nodical periods, Vanguard prediction data are utilized to obtain a check calculation for the oblateness and to establish the validity of the method.
Story grammar ability in children with and without language disorder: story generation, story retelling, and story comprehension.

Twenty language-impaired and unimpaired children ages 9:0 to 11:4 participated in three story tasks. The children generated three original stories, retold two adventure stories, and then answered t...
Aberrant left subclavian artery associated with a Kommerell's diverticulum and a left-sided aortic arch.

Kommerell's diverticulum is most commonly associated with either an aberrant left subclavian artery from a right-sided aortic arch or an aberrant right subclavian artery from a left-sided aortic arch. We describe an exceedingly rare case of an aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a Kommerell's diverticulum in a patient with a left-sided aortic arch, the “nonaberrant aberrant left subclavian artery.”(J Card Surg 2012;27:607-608)
Dissociative attachment to rovibrationally excited H2

Using a local-width resonant model, the cross sections for dissociative attachment of low-energy electrons to a rovibrationally excited H/sub 2/ molecule in its ground electronic state are obtained. There are 294 such rovibrational levels. Only the contribution of the /sup 2/..sigma../sub u//sup +/ resonant state of H/sub 2/ /sup -/ to the attachment process is investigated. Assuming a Maxwellian distribution for electron energies, the dissociative attachment cross sections are converted into attachment rates for various rovibrational levels of H/sub 2/. A significant enhancement of attachment rates occurs for endoergic reactions only, and the maximum possible rate for attachment to the ground electronic state of H/sub 2/ is about 10/sup -8/ cm/sup 3//sec. Using the same energy distribution for electrons, the average energy carried by the H/sup -/ ions is calculated for all possible rovibrational levels. More energetic ions are formed when the attachment process is exoergic, and even the most energetic H/sup -/ ions have energies less than 0.5 eV. Furthermore, the attachment rates and the average ion energy appear to depend roughly on the total internal energy and not on the exact fraction of internal energy in rotational or vibrational modes.
The effect of treatment on the presence of abnormal heart sounds in emergency department patients with heart failure

Abstract Objective We sought to assess the proportion of ED patients with an electronically detected S3 or S4, determine the relation of these heart sounds to heart failure (HF), and analyze how the proportion changes with ED treatment. Methods Heart sounds were assessed in ED patients with suspected HF. The presence or absence of HF and whether treatment with diuretics or vasodilators had occurred were recorded. Results Three hundred seventy-six patients had complete data. The proportion of patients with an S3 and an S4 was significantly higher for those with HF compared with those without (P Conclusions This study suggests the proportion of patients with an electronically detected S3 in HF is more than 50%, and that its presence is affected by prior treatment with diuretics or vasodilators.
The structure of human 15-lipoxygenase-2 with a substrate mimic.

Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammation occurring over decades. The enzyme 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) is highly expressed in large atherosclerotic plaques, and its activity has been linked to the progression of macrophages to the lipid-laden foam cells present in atherosclerotic plaques. We report here the crystal structure of human 15-LOX-2 in complex with an inhibitor that appears to bind as a substrate mimic. 15-LOX-2 contains a long loop, composed of hydrophobic amino acids, which projects from the amino-terminal membrane-binding domain. The loop is flanked by two Ca2+-binding sites that confer Ca2+-dependent membrane binding. A comparison of the human 15-LOX-2 and 5-LOX structures reveals similarities at the active sites, as well striking differences that can be exploited for design of isoform-selective inhibitors.
CICS and enterprise JavaBeans

IBM is supporting Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJB) across its application server products. Together with related JavaTM technologies, EJB provides a standard programming model and set of services across major server platforms. This paper presents an overview of the EJB architecture and describes the technical strategy and design approach for the EJB capability that is being delivered in the latest release of the Customer Information Control System (CICS®). It explores why CICS customers want to use enterprise Java technology, identifies some critical success factors for the CICS support of EJB, and explains its architecture in terms of a portable EJB container executing within the existing CICS run-time infrastructure, focusing on aspects such as transaction management, Java virtual machine reuse, and workload management. Application development tooling is then discussed, together with the strategy for exploiting tools such as VisualAge® for Java. Finally, the paper considers future work and challenges for CICS in this area.
Evaluating the Allocation of Border Security System of Systems Requirements

The Customs and Border Protection (CBP) organization must secure the homeland by preventing illegal entry into the United States. In order to successfully accomplish this task, a System of Systems (SoS) of airborne, ground, fixed, mobile, manned, and unmanned capabilities must act together in order to successfully accomplish the objective. However, it may be difficult to identify a specific SoS configuration that will meet the objective and quantify the requirements allocated for each specific system. This paper offers a methodology to evaluate the SoS phases to detect, track, identify, decide, act, and assess the actions of CBP forces. This methodology is exercised to quantify the system contributions to the CBP SoS and the interfaces needed for each system.
Inhibition of iron deficiency stress response in cucumber by rare earth elements.

Abstract We investigated the influence of the trivalent scandium (Sc), chromium (Cr), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y) and lanthanum (La) on both the function and activity of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) roots. Cucumber seedlings were grown for 1 week in a nutrient solution without Fe or in some experiments with 10 μM FeEDTA. Intact root systems were assayed for FCR activity in a medium at pH 5.0 containing 100 μM FeEDTA with the ferrous chelating agent Ferrozine. Addition of 100 μM concentrations of the EDTA complexes of Sc, Cr, Ga, Y and La did not inhibit FCR in Fe-deficient roots. When Fe-deficient roots were grown with 10 μM LaCl 3 , ScCl 3 , or YCl 3 for 3 days, FCR activity decreased to 23%, 15% and 1%, respectively, of the activity of Fe-deficient plants grown without trivalent metal addition. Additionally, these trivalent metals suppressed proton secretion. Growth of Fe-deficient plants with 80 μM Ga 2 (SO 4 ) 3 decreased FCR activity to 35% of the control activity while 80 μM CrEDTA did not affect FCR activity. With the addition of either FeEDTA or YCl 3 , FCR activity decreased to less than 5% of the activity of the Fe-deficient control roots in 3 days. Addition of FeEDTA, but not Y, resulted in recovery from Fe deficiency as indicated by increasing chlorophyll content of leaves.
The Molecular Biology of Lung Cancer Pathogenesis

Lung cancers exhibit multiple genetic lesions including mutations activating the dominant cellular proto-oncogenes as well as those inactivating the recessive or "tumor suppressor" genes. Candidate tumor suppressor genes include those on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 3p14, 3p21.3, 3p25 (VHL gene), 5q21 (APC/MCC gene cluster), 9p21-22 (interferon gene cluster), 11p, 13q (rb gene), 16p24, and 17p (p53 gene). Mutations in p53 inactivate its transcriptional activity, while replacement of a wild-type p53 in lung cancer cells inhibits growth and tumorigenicity suggesting that p53 acts as a master growth regulatory switch. Lung cancer cells exhibit several positive autocrine growth factor loops and express nicotine receptors which could function as tumor promoting systems. In addition, they express a negative autocrine loop involving opioids and their receptors which is reversed by nicotine acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The presence of nicotine receptors suggests nicotine or its metabolites may play a direct role in lung cancer pathogenesis.