cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Firms Practice What They Preach? The Relationship Between Mission Statements and Stakeholder Management

The accuracy of corporate mission statements has not been well explored. In this study, the authors investigate the relationship between mission statement content and stakeholder management actions. Findings indicate that although social issues such as the environment and diversity are less frequently included, their mention in mission statements is significantly associated with behaviors regarding these issues. The study found no relationship between firms with mission statements that mention specific stakeholder groups (employees, customers, and community) and behaviors regarding these stakeholders. This suggests that the inclusion of specific stakeholder groups in missions is likely the result of institutional pressures, while specifying social issues in missions is related to policy decisions.
Organizational Factors Associated with Screening for Military Sexual Trauma

Abstract Purpose This exploratory study investigated organizational factors associated with receipt of military sexual trauma (MST) screening during an early timeframe of the Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA) implementation of the universal MST screening policy. Methods The sample consisted of all VHA patients eligible for MST screening in fiscal year 2005 at 119 VHA facilities. Analyses were conducted separately by gender and by user status (i.e., new patients to the VHA health care system in FY 2005 and continuing users who had previously used the VHA health care system in the past year). Multivariate generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effects of facility-level characteristics and adjusted for person-level covariates. Results Facility-level mandatory universal MST screening policies were associated with increased odds of receiving MST screening among new female patients and both continuing and new male patients: Odds ratio (OR), 2.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–5.89) for new female patients; OR, 8.15 (95% CI, 2.93–22.69) for continuing male patients; and OR, 4.48 (95% CI, 1.79–11.20) for new male patients. Facility-level audit and feedback practices was associated with increased odds of receiving MST screening among new patients: OR, 1.91 (95% CI, 1.26–2.91) for females and OR, 1.86 (95% CI, 1.22–2.84) for males. Although the facility-level effect for women’s health clinic (WHC) did not emerge as significant, patient-level effects indicated that among these facilities, women who used a WHC had greater odds of being screened for MST compared with women who had not used a WHC: OR, 1.79 (95% CI, 1.18–2.71) for continuing patients and OR, 2.20 (95% CI, 1.59–3.04) for new patients. Conclusion This study showed that facility policies that promote universal MST screening, as well as audit and feedback practices at the facility, significantly improved the odds of patients receiving MST screening. Women veterans’ utilization of a WHC was associated with higher odds of receiving MST screening. This study provides empirical support for the use of policies and audit and feedback practices which the VHA has used since the implementation of the MST screening directive to encourage compliance with VHA’s MST screening policy and is likely associated with the present-day success in MST screening across all VHA facilities.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rice Yield Variability in Two California Fields

Currently, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of rice (Oryza saliva L.) yield patterns. This information is needed before implementing any site-specific management strategy. The objective of this research was to characterize the spatial and temporal yield variability of rice grown in commercial fields in California. Rice cultivars M-202 and Koshihikari were grown and managed by a cooperating farmer, who collected yield monitor data over a 4-yr period. Alternative methods of data quality analysis were applied to the data. To evaluate temporal variability, yields from different years must be placed on a common grid. The appropriate size for these grids was tested. Large-scale spatial structure was determined using median polish while small-scale spatial structure was evaluated by computing variograms of the yield residuals after subtracting the trends. Temporal variability was determined using two approaches: (i) computation of the variance among years of the original, trend, and residual yield values at fixed points in the field and (ii) cluster analysis of the standardized trend yield values. Results from the study showed that the grid density necessary to capture the spatial variability depended on site and year. Trend surface spatial behaviors depended on year, indicating a lack of temporal stability. Variograms showed strong spatial structure of yield residuals. Cluster analysis reduced the considerable complexity in a sequence of yield maps of these fields to a few general patterns of variations among years.
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin is more beneficial in standard kidney than in extended donor recipients.

Background. In a randomized, international study comparing rabbit antithymocyte globulin (TMG) and basiliximab (BAS) induction in renal transplant recipients at risk for delayed graft function or acute rejection (n = 278), TMG was associated with less acute rejection at 1 year. Methods. This study analyzed outcomes stratified by standard criteria donor (SCD), extended criteria donor (ECD), and hypertensive donor. Data-capture limitations necessitated defining ECD as donor age more than 60 years or 50 to 60 years with hypertension and renal insufficiency. Results. Seventy-five recipients received ECD-kidneys (28.4% TMG vs. 25.6% BAS, P=NS) and 203 recipients received SCD-kidneys (72.6% TMG vs. 74.4% BAS, P=NS). Recipients of an ECD or hypertensive donor-kidney had similar outcomes between treatment groups. Recipients of an SCD-kidney treated with TMG had less rejection (odds ratio [OR] 0.48). Recipients of a normotensive donor-kidney treated with TMG had less rejection (OR 0.56). Recipients of a normotensive, SCD-kidney treated with TMG had less rejection (OR 0.47) and death (OR 0.17) than their counterparts treated with BAS. Conclusions. Contrary to its perceived niche in recipients of ECD-kidneys, TMG was most beneficial in patients who received a normotensive, deceased SCD kidney.
Monitoring the appropriateness of air medical transports.

Abstract Introduction: With pending changes in the health-care system, there are increasing pressures for each aspect of health care to justify its use. Several organizations, including the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS), have published position papers listing appropriate indications for air medical services. Additionally, the Commission on Accreditation of Air Medical Services (CAAMS) specifies that air medical services monitor their flights for appropriateness. The purpose of this study was to determine how often the air medical transports by this program met at least one of the AAMS criteria. Method: The AAMS position paper was paraphrased into an equivalent checklist and a category, “None of the above criteria met,” was added. Immediately after each transport, a flight nurse indicated on the checklist which criteria the patient met supported by documentation in the flight care record. Results: During a one-year period (March 1, 1992 through February 28, 1993), 558 patients were transported. Of these, 547 (98%) met at least one of the AAMS appropriate-use criteria. Conclusion: The AAMS “Appropriate Use of Air Medical Services” position paper provides a foundation to monitor the utilization of an air medical transport program, which can be used to meet both government payer requirements for justification and the CAAMS requirement for utilization review.
Artifacts in T1ρ-weighted imaging: Compensation for B1 and B0 field imperfections

The origin of spin locking image artifacts in the presence of B(0) and B(1) magnetic field imperfections is shown theoretically using the Bloch equations and experimentally at low (omega(1) > Delta omega(0)) spin locking field strengths. At low spin locking fields, the magnetization is shown to oscillate about an effective field in the rotating frame causing signature banding artifacts in the image. At high spin lock fields, the effect of the resonance offset Deltao mega(0) is quenched, but imperfections in the flip angle cause oscillations about the omega(1) field. A new pulse sequence is presented that consists of an integrated spin echo and spin lock experiment followed by magnetization storage along the -z-axis. It is shown that this sequence almost entirely eliminates banding artifacts from both types of field inhomogeneities at all spin locking field strengths. The sequence was used to obtain artifact free images of agarose in inhomogeneous B(0) and B(1) fields, off-resonance spins in fat and in vivo human brain images at 3 T. The new pulse sequence can be used to probe very low frequency (0-400 Hz) dynamic and static interactions in tissues without contaminating B(0) and B(1) field artifacts.
The Jehovah's Witness family, transfusions, and pediatric day surgery

The pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist, when encountering a family of the Jehovah's Witness (JW) faith, should be aware of the potential problems which may arise when deciding to proceed with surgery. Two case reports are presented which illustrate the difficult situations which can occur when unanticipated complications (i.e. profound bleeding) arise perioperatively. An overview of the history and common tenets of the JW faith, previous legal perspectives, pertinent clinical information from the medical literature, and the protocol of The Children's Hospital, Denver, for dealing with this sensitive issue (drafted with the cooperation of the local JW Hospital Liaison Committee) are presented.
Micromechanical investigations of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites via micro-Raman spectroscopy

The micromechanical behavior of continuous fiber ceramic composites was studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). Unidirectional carbon/carbon composites were probed using MRS, and it was shown that the microstrains in the composite constituents could be determined as the materials were loaded to increasing strain levels. The unidirectional C/C specimens were strained in both cantilever beam-type bending and in tension, and both the fiber and matrix strains were recorded. The results show the usefulness of MRS in understanding ceramic matrix composite micromechanical behavior, and illustrate the inhomogeneous micromechanical behavior of C/C composites.
An unusual group of lysine-rich histones from gonads of a sea cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa.

Gonads of the male Holothuria tubulosa contain two families of lysine-rich histones. One of these families resembles the lysine-rich histones found in somatic tissues of higher organisms (e.g. calf and rabbit). The other family, which may be restricted to the male gonad, is recognizably related to the first family and yet is quite distinct. About 35% of the tryptic peptides differ between these families. These findings support the notion that a broad spectrum of structural variation may exist in lysine-rich histones, perhaps even merging into structures of the slightly lysine-rich class.
Cycloparaphenylenes: Closing the loop.

The synthesis of [5]CPP, the smallest and by far the most strained member of the family of macrocycles known as cycloparaphenylenes, has been reported in quick succession by two different research groups. But how long will the new record holder retain its title?
A comparative study of stability of laminated anisotropic cylinders under axial compression and torsion

Abstract A parametric study is presented on the accuracy of stability data for axial compression and torsion by classical and first-order shear deformation theories for laminated composite cylinders. Comparisons of the data in the forms of curves of critical stress versus L / a (dimensionless wave-length/radius ratio) are made with those by Biot's theory, which is predicated on three-dimensional elasticity. Two thickness/radius ratios were considered: H / a = 0.01 and 0.1, typical of thin and thick shell geometries, respectively. First, a comparison of the data for a homogeneous, isotropic cylinder was given to have a baseline for understanding the role of material anisotropy. Then, a number of regular symmetric and antisymmetric laminates were considered, all laminate profiles based on one material system only, that of E L / E T = 25. The data for thin geometries ( H / a ⩾ 0.01) showed that classical theory for laminated composite shells can be trusted to give accurate results over a reasonably wide range of L/a . For the thick shell geometry, there were regions of relatively good agreement and regions where classical and first-order shear deformation theories were not appropriate.
The garden suburb of the Garbatella, 1920–1929: defining community and identity through planning in post‐war Rome

Situated in the industrial district of Ostiense, the Garbatella neighbourhood was primarily designed to house railway and dock workers built by the Istituto per le Case Popolari (ICP), a national building society founded in 1903 dedicated to public low‐cost housing. The Garbatella distinguished itself from other ICP neighbourhoods in Rome by its remote location and its experimental Garden City‐influenced design, adapted for a Roman context. The first period of construction from 1920 to 1923 saw the Garbatella develop along the lines of Ebenezer Howard’s model of the Garden City. While those who planned the neighbourhood continued to aspire to Howard’s ideals, the Garbatella’s rapid expansion (by 1930 it boasted the highest population density in the city) meant that it failed to live up to these aspirations. Despite increased population levels and the construction of larger multi‐functional ‘super‐blocks’, the architecture and planning of the Garbatella contributed to the fostering of a sense of community ...
FREQUENCY OF INFECTIONS IN VARIOUS DAY CARE SETTINGS

In the U.S. the number of day care facilities is large and rapidly increasing. The precise frequency, nature and age-distribution of infections have not been established for various types of day care. This study was undertaken to prospectively compare these variables in children in day care centers {(DC)> 7 children}, family day care { (FC) 2-6} children and home care (HC). Children born at Magee Women's Hospital from Jun '85 to Apr '86 were eligible for study if their parents had decided on a type of child care and were willing to maintain a daily health calendar. Children entering FC (30) and DC (36) were matched as closely as possible with children in HC (120) for SES, sex and number of siblings. The families were telephoned every 2 weeks; the type and severity of illnesses experienced during the previous interval were recorded utilizing a standardized questionnaire. “Severe” illnesses were defined by high fever (T> 102°F, >3 days), duration >10 days or a physician visit. Children have been followed for 7-16 months. The source of medical care and assessment were private practitioners in more than 90% of each group. Children in DC experienced a greater frequency (6.9 vs 3.1 days of illness/month) and more “severe” illnesses (35% vs 18%) than children in HC (p<.05) during their first year of life. Almost all infections involved the respiratory tract. Tympanostomy tube insertion was undertaken in 0.8% of children in HC, 0.0% in FC and 16.7% in DC. Continued follow-up is necessary to determine whether this pattern of infection will be maintained.
Positive and Negative Developmental Trajectories in U.S. Adolescents: Where the Positive Youth Development Perspective Meets the Deficit Model

Using data from Grades 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), the patterns of change associated with indicators of PYD, contribution, and risk/problem behaviors were assessed among 1,909 youth. In addition, the role of intentional self-regulation—as indexed by a measure of the Freund and Baltes (2002) model of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC)—in determining which developmental paths youth follow was examined. Results indicated that five PYD trajectories represent change across grades, four trajectories were associated with indicators of youth contribution, four trajectories were associated also with indicators of depressive symptoms, and three trajectories were associated with indicators of risk/problem behaviors. Binomial logistic regression results indicated that youth with higher SOC scores were significantly more likely to be in the most favorable trajectory than any of the other possible trajectories for each of the outcome variables. Significant sex diffe...
Are learned topics more useful than subject headings

Topic models, through their ability to automatically learn and assign topics to documents in a collection, have the potential to greatly improve how content is organized and searched in digital libraries. However, much remains to be done to assess the value of topic models in digital library applications. In this work, we present results from a user study, in which participants evaluated the similarity of books clustered using matched topics and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Topics outperformed LCSH in 11 cases; LCSH outperformed topics in 4. These results suggest that topics are a viable alternative to LCSH.
Sequential Analysis Of Angiograms By An Expert System

A sequential analysis method for angiograms is implemented and explained. A multi-resolution technique is used to segment the subtracted angiogram. The system is an improved version of our earlier work. A two step process for flow computation and interpretation is explained. First a bi-directional segmentation is applied to the image followed by the computation of the peak arrival time associated with the indicator dilution. Methods are suggested to infer flow information and quantified stenosis from integration of the peak arrival time map with densitometric information.
Effect of concentration of inhibitors and retarders on the catalyzed polymerization of styrene

The effect of varying concentrations of several common retarders and inhibitors on the polymerization of bulk styrene, catalyzed by benzoyl peroxide, was studied dilatometrically at a temperature of 86°C. At a benzoyl peroxide concentration of 1.77 × 10−3M, the rate of volume contraction was found to be 1.472 ± 0.103%/hr. or approximately 7.4–8.5% polymerization/hr. The rate constant for the decomposition of benzoyl peroxide in styrene was found to be 36.5 × 10−6 sec.−1 at 86°C. At any given concentration for the several retarders and inhibitors, data were obtained which provided plots of extent of polymerization versus time of three different types. Trinitrobenzene and N-(3-N-hydroxyanilino-1,3-dimethylbutylidene)aniline N-oxide gave plots with single lines describing retarded rates of polymerization; diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and the free radical obtained from N-(3-N-hydroxyanilino-1,3-dimethylbutylidene)aniline N-oxide provided plots showing decreased rates of volume contraction following inhibition periods; and diphenylpicrylhydrazine and benzoquinone gave plots with two intersecting lines, suggesting two discrete steps. Concentrations of regulators were varied between 0.0002 and 0.0027M. In every instance plots of slopes of lines, inhibition times or intersection points versus concentration or logarithm of concentration provided straight lines.
Signal understanding and tool condition monitoring

Abstract This paper presents a new method, called signal understanding, for the monitoring of engineering processes, in particularly for the monitoring of tool conditions in machining processes. The new method is based on the blackboard system, an artificial intelligence method developed in the 1980s. It emulates a group of experts examining sensor signals from various aspects, and making monitoring decisions step-by-step. The blackboard system consists of two blackboards: an event blackboard, used to track the interpretations of the signal by the experts and a control blackboard, used to direct the interpretation process leading to monitoring decisions. As demonstrated by an example of tool condition monitoring in end milling, the method has a number of advantages over the existing methods, including improved reliability and reduced decision time.
Tympanomastoid suture and digastric muscle in cadaver and live parotidectomy.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To prove that the tympanomastoid suture (TMS) is a significantly closer and less variable anatomic landmark to the facial nerve than the posterior-superior margin of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle (PBD) in parotid surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 14 cadaver specimens and 22 live patients comparing the closest measured distances between the TMS and PBD to the facial nerve. Results: The mean closest distances from the TMS and PBD to the facial nerve were 1.8 (range 0-4) mm and 12.4 (range 7-17) mm, respectively (P <.05) for cadavers. The mean closest distances in live patients from the TMS and PBD to the facial nerve were 2.0 (range 0-4) mm and 10.7 (range 5-14) mm, respectively (P <.05). Conclusions: Facial nerve identification and preservation is the key to successful parotid surgery. The TMS is a significantly closer and less variable anatomic landmark compared with the PBD both in cadaver dissection and in live patients.
Effects of residual and applied κ on soybean nodulation, root growth, pod formation and K and N composition

Inoculated soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Eragg) were grown in an intensively managed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group)‐ sweetcorn (Zea mays L.) multiple‐cropping sequence on a tile...
Some approximate solutions to the discrete master equation

Recent mathematical developments on approximate diffusionlike solutions to the master equation are summarized. The technique is applied to two master equations of physical interest-one that describes the phenomenon of superradiance and a second that characterizes generation-recombination noise in semiconductors. For this second case, some previously obtained equilibrium results are found and the extension of these results to finite times is given.
How safe is the playing field? Collegiate coaches' attitudes towards gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals

Within the American university setting, athletics is often perceived as an extremely hostile and unwelcoming environment for gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals. However, research in this area is limited and mostly qualitative. Because the coach plays a pivotal role in the climate of a team by determining whether prejudice and discrimination will be promoted, tolerated, or prohibited, this study examined collegiate coaches' (N = 289) attitudes towards gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Overall, tolerance toward gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals was found with less positive attitudes toward bisexuality as a stable identity.
Further notes on Bathyplectes curculionis and the alfalfa weevil in lowland-middle California.

The influence of the larval parasite Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) upon the population of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, in lowland middle California from the time the former was introduced in 1933 and 1934 through 1938 has been previously discussed, Michelbacher (1940). Since that time the investigation has been continued. In lowland middle California the alfalfa weevil is found in three areas having different climates. These are: The region adjacent to the San Francisco Bay, the agricultural area surrounding Pleasanton, and the northwest portion of the San Joaquin Valley. The regions are contiguous, but are separated from one another by ranges of hills, and the climate becomes more continental from the first to the last named region. It has been found that B. curculionis is most effective in the areas having the more moderate climates. In these climates the period of adult parasite activity is longer than in the more severe climate of the San Joaquin Valley. The parasitism trends in 1939 substantiated substantiated the findings of previous years, and are graphically shown in figure 1. The graphs were prepared in the manner reported by Michelbacher (1940). In the region adjacent to the San Francisco Bay and in that about Pleasanton the amount of parasitism was high and the alfalfa weevil population was small. In the northwest portion of the San Joaquin Valley the degree of parasitism was less and the alfalfa weevil population was considerable.
Reporting Provocative Results: Can We Publish 'Hot' Papers Without Getting Burned?

IN APRIL 1981, JAMA published an article reporting an association between spermicide use around conception and congenital disorders. 1 The authors were careful to note that "the results should be considered tentative until confirmed by other data." Nevertheless, their findings were taken up by the media and lawyers and treated as if they were established facts. Pregnant women who had used spermicides around conception became alarmed, and spermicide manufacturers were sued by former users who had had malformed infants. Some journals publish exciting positive findings but are loathe to publish subsequent negative investigations that contradict them. JAMA , to its credit, published an editorial the following year explaining why the association should be considered tentative or preliminary, 2 along with several studies 3,4 that did not find any association between spermicides and birth defects. Subsequently, a number of negative studies appeared in other journals, 5 and Food and Drug Administration hearings
The role of stereotactic cyst aspiration for glial and metastatic brain tumors.

Objectif: Dans le but d'evaluer le role de l'aspiration stereotaxique de kystes dans le contexte du traitement multimodal de tumeurs kystiques gliales et metastatiques, nous avons procede a une revue retrospective de notre experience chez 38 patients sur une periode de dix ans. Methodes: Les 38 patients ont eu une ou plusieurs aspirations de kystes sous guidage stereotaxique par tomodensitometrie ou par RMN. Vingt-sept patients avaient une neoplasie gliale et 11 avaient des tumeurs cerebrales metastatiques. Vingt-deux patients ont subi une aspiration de leur kyste comme traitement initial alors que 15 patients ont subi une aspiration suite a une autre modalite therapeutique. Resultats: Dans la periode postoperatoire immediate, 19 des 27 patients porteurs d'un gliome (70%) et 9 des 11 patients porteurs de tumeurs metastatiques (82%) ont eu une amelioration de leurs symptomes. Il n'y a pas eu de morbidite associee a la procedure. Douze patients (31.5%) ont eventuellement eu besoin d'un systeme catheter/reservoir. Trente-sept pourcent des patients porteurs de neoplasies gliales kystiques et 18% des patients porteurs de tumeurs metastatiques ont eventuellement subi une chirurgie cytoreductrice par crâniotomie suite a l'aspiration stereotaxique de kystes. La diminution du volume de la tumeur suite a l'aspiration a facilite la radiochirurgie Gamma-Knife chez 7 patients. Conclusion: L'aspiration stereotaxique unique est une procedure a faible risque qui amene un soulagement immediat des symptomes chez les patients porteurs de tumeurs cerebrales kystiques. Cette procedure semble etre utile en association avec d'autres strategies therapeutiques.
When Interviewers Desire Accurate Impressions: The Effects of Notetaking on the Influence of Expectations1

The present study explored the possibility that notetaking would help accuracy-minded interviewers to avoid cognitive expectation biases. Interviewers in simulated employment interviews were given bogus pre-interview expectations about their applicants and were either encouraged or not encouraged to take extensive notes. Consistent with past research on accuracy-motivated interviewers, both notetaking and non-notetaking interviewers avoided creating self-fulfilling prophecies. Of central interest, notetaking reduced the cognitive biasing effect of negative expectations on interviewers' overall impressions of their applicants, but failed to reduce cognitive bias in interviewers' evaluations of expectation-specific applicant characteristics. In conjunction with the motivation to form accurate impressions, notetaking can help to reduce the impact of erroneous pre-interview expectations in interviewer final evaluations.
Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin and endotoxin induced cytokine gene expression in bovine alveolar macrophages requires NF-kappaB activation and calcium elevation.

In bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs), exposure to leukotoxin (Lkt) and endotoxin (LPS) from Pasteurella haemolytica results in expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation. Leukotoxin from P. haemolytica interacts only with leukocytes and platelets from ruminant species. Upregulation of cytokine genes in different cells by LPS involves activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-kappaB), resulting in its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Using immunocytochemical staining and confocal imaging, we studied whether NF-kappaB activation represents a common mechanism for the expression of multiple cytokine genes in BAMs (Lkt-susceptible cells) stimulated with Lkt and LPS. Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells and porcine alveolar macrophages were used as nonsusceptible cells. The role of Ca2+ and tyrosine kinases in NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory cytokine gene expression was studied, since an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases attenuates LPS-induced [Ca2+]i elevation in BAMs. The results are summarized as follows: (a) Lkt induced NF-kappaB activation and [Ca2+]i elevation only in BAMs, while LPS effects were demonstrable in all cell types; (b) chelation of [Ca2+]i blocked NF-kappaB activation and IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and IL-8 mRNA expression; and (c) tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A blocked expression of all three cytokine genes in BAMs stimulated with Lkt, while only the expression of IL-1beta was blocked in BAMs stimulated with LPS. We conclude that cytokine gene expression in BAMs requires NF-kappaB activation and [Ca2+]i elevation, and Lkt effects exhibit cell type- and species specificity.
Vortices in Superfluid Fermi Gases through the BEC to BCS Crossover

We have analyzed a single vortex at $T=0$ in a 3D superfluid atomic Fermi gas across a Feshbach resonance. On the BCS side, the order parameter varies on two scales: ${k}_{F}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the coherence length $\ensuremath{\xi}$, while only variation on the scale of $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is seen away from the BCS limit. The circulating current has a peak value ${j}_{\mathrm{max}﻿}$ which is a nonmonotonic function of $1/{k}_{F}{a}_{s}$ implying a maximum critical velocity $\ensuremath{\sim}{v}_{F}$ at unitarity. The number of fermionic bound states in the core decreases as we move from the BCS to the BEC regime. Remarkably, a bound state branch persists even on the BEC side reflecting the composite nature of bosonic molecules.
Detailed quality of life assessment in patients treated with primary radiotherapy for squamous cell cancer of the base of the tongue

Background: Thisstudywas conducted to evaluate quality of life in patients treated with primary radiotherapy (RT) for cancer of the base of tongue. Methods: From 1981 to 1990, 36 patients with primary squaradiotherapy. Ages ranged from 35 to 71 years (median, 58 years). T Stage was: T1, n = 11; T2, n = 14; T3, n = 10; T4, n = 1. Thirty-one patients (86%) had palpable cervical lymph node metastases at initial examination (N1, n = 16; N2, n = 11; N3, n = 4). Patients received external beam RT to their primary site and necks, followed by a brachytherapy boost to the tongue. Those with neck nodes also had a neck dissection. The median follow-up is 5 years (minimum, 3 years). Actuarial 5-year local control was 85%; regional control was 96%; distant metastases-free survival was 87.5%; and overall survival, 85%. Twenty-nine of the 30 long-term survivors completed (1) Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), (2) Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), (3) Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer(PSS), and (4) a sociodemographic and economic questionnaire. At the time of cancer diagnosis, 62% were employed full-time, and 21% were employed part-time; 83% were earning >$20,000/year, and 59% were earning >$60,000/year. Results: At follow-up, annual incomes were similar to those at initial examination. Of those who had been working full-time, 72% were still in full-time work, and of those who had been working part-time, 83% were still in part-time work. Average PSS scores were 90 for eating in public, 96 for understandability of speech, and 68 for normalcy of diet. On the MSAS, the following symptoms had prevalence: >30% xerostomia, difficulty swallowing, decreased energy, pain, worrying, insomnia, cough, drowsy, change In taste, and irritability. Scores on the FACT exceeded published values collected for a mixed cancer population. Conclusions: The overwhelming majority of patients achieved excellent functional status and quality of life and could maintain their prediagnosis earning potential and employment status after primary radiation for advanced base of tongue cancer.
Regulatory issues in clinical applications of cytokines and growth factors.

This article describes the drug approval process at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, for cytokines and growth factors that would be licensed for clinical use in the U.S.A. CBER is responsible for setting policy, providing guidance to industry and to academic investigators as they develop and evaluate these new products, and for recommendations about the approvability of license applications. Product development generally parallels clinical development, and the expectations at each stage of the IND (Investigational New Drug) process are discussed. FDA involvement continues beyond licensure to the post marketing phase. The goal is to assure that new cytokines and growth factors are safe and effective and available in a timely manner.
Debromination of the Flame Retardant Decabromodiphenyl Ether by Juvenile Carp (Cyprinus carpio) following Dietary Exposure

The congener 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) is the primary component in a commonly used flame retardant known as decaBDE. This flame retardant constitutes approximately 80% of the world market demand for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Because this compound is very hydrophobic (log K(ow) approximately 10), it has been suggested that BDE 209 has very low bioavailability, although debromination to more bioavailable metabolites has also been suggested to occur in fish tissues. In the present study, juvenile carp were exposed to BDE 209 amended food on a daily basis for 60 days, followed by a 40-day depuration period in which the fate of BDE 209 was monitored in whole fish and liver tissues separately. No net accumulation of BDE 209 was observed throughout the experiment despite an exposure concentration of 940 ng/day/fish. However, seven apparent debrominated products of BDE 209 accumulated in whole fish and liver tissues over the exposure period. These debrominated metabolites of BDE 209 were identified as penta- to octaBDEs using both GC/ECNI-MS and GC/HRMS. Using estimation methods for relative retention times of phenyl substitution patterns, we have identified possible structures for the hexa- and heptabromodiphenyl ethers identified in the carp tissues. Although exposure of carp to BDE 209 did not result in the accumulation of BDE 209 in carp tissues, our results indicate evidence of limited BDE 209 bioavailability from food in the form of lower brominated metabolites.
Social Planning for Energy Transitions

Energy transitions are thoroughly social affairs. Despite this fact, energy policy rarely incorporates the social dimensions of energy systems change in an intentional, explicit, and broad fashion. Reviewing extensive recent research, we introduce the concept of social planning for energy transitions as an innovative framing for energy policy that can accompany technical and economic analyses and decision-making, especially in the current context of flux and uncertainty in the energy sector. We define social planning as understanding and preparing for the societal outcomes of energy transitions, as well as developing strategies to incorporate these considerations into energy policy. We review five areas of capacity-building for social planning in energy transitions: mapping socio-energy relationships, envisioning socio-energy futures, designing just socio-energy systems, building socio-energy partnerships, and governing socio-energy transitions.
The importance of paracolon organisms with Salmonella and Shigella antigens

Of 1,200 paracolon organisms isolated from different sources, only 33 strains originating from ten cases manifested Salmonella “O” or Shigella antigens. One such strain having antigens VI, VII appeared in a chronic carrier of S. montevideo after the person ceased to be a carrier of Salmonella. Antigens VI, VII occurred in another strain isolated from an infant with diarrhea. Two strains, with antigens I, XII and IV, XIV, respectively, were isolated from acute diarrheas suspected of being caused by food poisoning. A strain with antigens I, VI and another with antigens IV, XIII were found in patients together with Endamoeba histolytica. Antigens I, VI and I, XIII, respectively, were present in two strains found in food poisoning outbreaks, the latter being associated with the appearance of Proteus morgani. In two cases of diarrhea in the same locality identical paracolon strains containing Salmonella antigens VI, VII, XII and Shigella antigens 3, 4, 7, simultaneously, were isolated. The occurrence of transitory forms between Salmonella and colon-aerogenes bacilli in stools from which Salmonella have disappeared, is discussed. It is sustained, however, that paracolon organisms have to be recognized as potential pathogens.
RNA interference in the moss Physcomitrella patens

The moss Physcomitrella patens performs efficient homologous recombination, which allows for the study of individual gene function by generating gene disruptions. Yet, if the gene of study is essential, gene disruptions cannot be isolated in the predominantly haploid P. patens. Additionally, disruption of a gene does not always generate observable phenotypes due to redundant functions from related genes. However, RNA interference (RNAi) can provide mutants for both of these situations. We show that RNAi disrupts gene expression in P. patens, adding a significant tool for the study of plant gene function. To assay for RNAi in moss, we constructed a line (NLS-4) expressing a nuclearly localized green fluorescent protein (GFP):β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion reporter protein. We targeted the reporter protein with two RNAi constructs, GUS-RNAi and GFP-RNAi, expressed transiently by particle bombardment. Transformed protonemal cells are marked by cobombardment with dsRed2, which diffuses between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Cells transformed with control constructs have nuclear/cytoplasmic red fluorescence and nuclear green fluorescence. In cells transformed with GUS-RNAi or GFP-RNAi constructs, the nuclear green fluorescence was reduced on average 9-fold as soon as 48 h after transformation. Moreover, isolated lines of NLS-4 stably transformed with GUS-RNAi construct have silenced nuclear GFP, indicating that RNAi is propagated stably. Thus, RNAi adds a powerful tool for functional analysis of plant genes in moss.
Role of thermodynamic fluctuations in magnetic recording (invited)

The thermal stability of the information stored in magnetic recording media is determined by a complex hierarchy. The leading consideration is the static or zero-temperature magnetization reversal complemented by the intrinsic temperature dependence of the micromagnetic parameters. Thermally activated Arrhenius (or Neel-Brown) processes modify the reversal by realizing paths close to static reversal, whereas “giant fluctuations” corresponding to reversal fields much higher than the nucleation field can safely be excluded. Thermally activated reversal in very thin elongated nanoparticles limits the thermal stability of magnetic recording media but degenerates into coherent rotation as the temperature is lowered, thereby reconciling micromagnetism and thermodynamics. A particularly complicated situation is encountered in alloys, where sublattices containing heavy transition-metal atoms act like earthquakes that modify the energy landscape.
A nonlocal equation arising in the theory of wet combustion

A steady-state equation describing the self-heating of a material due to oxidation, hydrolysis, and the evaporation and condensation of water was introduced recently by Sisson et al. (1993, IMA J. Appl. Math. 50, 285), and some preliminary existence and uniqueness results were derived. In this paper a numerical study of the equation is undertaken. Critical behaviour and the disappearance of criticality is observed
The effects of orientational and energetic disorder on Forster energy migration along a one-dimensional lattice

Numerical simulations of exciton migration along a one-dimensional lattice via Forster energy transfer are reported. The roles of static Gaussian energetic disorder and transition dipole orientational disorder are investigated. Both disorder mechanisms result in subdiffusive behavior during the initial phase of energy migration, tending asymptotically to normal diffusion. The dependence of the subdiffusion parameters on the inhomogeneous linewidth and intersite spacing is examined. Depending on the exciton lifetime, subdiffusive motion may dominate the exciton displacement behavior, and it becomes problematic to use normal diffusion theory to make even qualitative predictions about the exciton motion.
Systemic Complications Associated with Retinal Cryoablation for Retinopathy of Prematurity

Eighty infants with proliferative retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were treated with peripheral retinal cryoablation. Among the serious systemic complications encountered were three instances of respiratory arrest and one of cardiorespiratory arrest. Recommendations that may help prevent these adverse systemic effects in premature infants include: (1) avoidance of excess subconjunctival anesthetic doses, (2) preoperative administration of systemic atropine to minimize the oculocardiac reflex, (3) consideration of an analgesic agent to decrease the pain and exhaustion, and (4) cardiorespiratory monitoring in a hospital setting, with an intravenous line in place, at the time of treatment.
Crowded Charges in Ion Channels

. Ions in water are the liquid of life. Life occurs almost entirely in ‘salt water’. Life began in salty oceans. Animals kept that salt water within them when they moved out of the ocean to drier surroundings. The plasma and blood that surrounds all cells are electrolytes more or less resembling sea water. The plasma inside cells is an electrolyte solution that more or less resembles the sea water in which life began. Water itself (without ions) is lethal to animal cells and damaging for most proteins. Water must contain the right ions in the right amounts if it is to sustain life. Physical chemistry is the language of electrolyte solutions and so physical chemistry, and biology, particularly physiology, have been intertwined since physical chemistry was developed some one hundred fifty years ago. Physiology, of course, was studied by the Greeks some millennia earlier, but the biological role of electrolyte solutionscould not be understood until ions were discovered by chemists some 2,000 years later.
Adolescent Literacy: Looking Beyond Core Language Learning Deficits

In this article, the authors take a hard look at the changing nature of language disorders across time with a particular focus on the specific challenges facing adolescents. The high school setting...
A 10–50-GHz CMOS Distributed Step Attenuator With Low Loss and Low Phase Imbalance

This paper presents the design and measurement of a 10-50-GHz low-loss distributed CMOS step attenuator with low phase imbalance. The attenuation is controlled by 12 nMOS varistors, and the nMOS parasitics are absorbed in a synthetic transmission line to result in a wide bandwidth. The electrical distance between the varistors is explored to minimize the size of the distributed attenuator, and a method to balance the insertion phase is presented. At 33-37 GHz, the minimum attenuation state loss is 2.1 dB, and the maximum attenuation state loss is 13.0 dB. The attenuator has a maximum attenuation range of 11 dB with 0.9-dB steps (13 states). The rms phase imbalance is less than 3 at DC-50 GHz for all attenuation states. The attenuator does not consume any static power and the input 1-dB compression point is 5 dBm (defined as the 1-dB drop in the maximum attenuation range) at 20 GHz. The total chip size excluding pads is 200750 (0.15).
Modeling the making and breaking of bonds as an elastic microcapsule moves over a compliant substrate

By integrating the lattice Boltzmann model for hydrodynamics, the lattice spring model for micromechanics of elastic solids, and the Bell model for bond formation and rupture, we examine the fluid driven motion of elastic microcapsules on compliant surfaces. The capsules, modeled as three-dimensional fluid-filled elastic shells, represent polymeric microcapsules or biological cells. We observed three regimes of capsule motion. Namely, the capsule rolls steadily along the substrate at a sufficiently high shear rate, it is stationary at a low shear rate, and exhibits an intermittent motion (saltation) at intermediate shear rates. At a given shear rate, the regime of capsule motion was found to depend on the substrate stiffness, and on the rate of rupture of the adhesive bonds. The capsule was observed to roll steadily on a sufficiently stiff substrate, and at a high rate of bond rupture. In the opposite limit of a soft substrate and low rate of bond rupture, the system was localized in the stationary regime. The findings provide guidelines for creating smart surfaces that could regulate the motion of the microcapsules.
Calculation of Output and Distortion in Symmetrical Output Systems

The conventional formula for power output is accurate when even harmonics only are present but it does not give the true power output if odd harmonics are present. It is shown that the correction factor to be applied is the square of one plus or minus the ratio of the third harmonic amplitude to that of the fundamental. Output systems are discussed in which the even harmonics are inherently low, such as those employing single pentodes or two triodes in series, either as class A or class B amplifiers. Methods of computing the power output and distortion for each case are given together with checks between the computed and measured values. An auxiliary diagram is constructed for class A operation so that the three different output systems may be treated alike. A discussion of the point where the change from class A to B theory should be made is given for tubes connected in series.