cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Aluminum Hydroxide Gel by Specifically Adsorbed Carbonate

Ion-free aluminum hydroxide gel, prepared by the hydrolysis of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, was observed by IR, X-ray analysis, and pH-stat titration to undergo rapid structural changes leading to the formation of pseudoboehmite and bayerite. The rate of development of order was directly related to the water–aluminum molar ratio. The A1–O bands at 625 and 470 cm- 1 were the most sensitive indicators of the development of order in the gel structure. Direct evidence for the stabilizing effect of specifically adsorbed carbonate was obtained when carbondioxide was introduced during the hydrolysis of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide. The resulting aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel possessed excellent antacid properties, retained its amorphous nature upon aging, and contained no cations other than aluminum. Hydrolysis of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of sodium bicarbonate resulted in the immediate formation of crystalline sodium aluminum hydroxycarbonate (dawsonite).
Psychological and psychophysiological aspects of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder of unknown cause, which is complex on psychologic, social, and cultural levels. Many studies document the impact of psoriasis, which can be associated with painful feelings of embarassment and stigmatization, anticipation of being rejected, and at times interference with work, relationships, and daily activities. Depression can be an important issue for psoriasis patients, and screening for it by the clinician is of utmost importance; it may be associated with severe pruritus and may alter itch perception. Four clusters of studies bearing on stress and the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis are discussed, especially those involving a life-event methodology and those that attempt to define a psychoendocrine or psychoneuroimmunologic pathway. Treatment approaches to psychosocial issues may involve group therapies, individual psychotherapy, and behavior therapy; of greatest importance are improved patient education and an empathic doctor-patient relationship.
Interannual Variability of Northwest Australian Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the southeast Indian Ocean has been studied far less than other TC basins, such as the North Atlantic and northwest Pacific. The authors examine the interannual TC variability of the northwest Australian (NWAUS) subbasin (0°–35°S, 105°–135°E), using an Australian TC dataset for the 39-yr period of 1970–2008. Thirteen TC metrics are assessed, with emphasis on annual TC frequencies and total TC days. Major findings are that for the NWAUS subbasin, there are annual means of 5.6 TCs and 42.4 TC days, with corresponding small standard deviations of 2.3 storms and 20.0 days. For intense TCs (WMO category 3 and higher), the annual mean TC frequency is 3.0, with a standard deviation of 1.6, and the annual average intense TC days is 7.6 days, with a standard deviation of 4.5 days. There are no significant linear trends in either mean annual TC frequencies or TC days. Notably, all 13 variability metrics show no trends over the 39-yr period and are less dependent upon sta...
Electron Microscopy of Crystalline Plates in Rabbit Papilloma

SummaryThe finding of crystalline platelets in the water extracts of papillomatous lesions of the wild and domestic rabbit is noted. A few of the elementary properties of the crystals are discussed.
Improving the performance of tensor matrix vector multiplication in cumulative reaction probability based quantum chemistry codes

Cumulative reaction probability (CRP) calculations providea viable computational approach to estimate reaction rate coefficients.However, in order to give meaningful results these calculations shouldbe done in many dimensions (ten to fifteen). This makes CRP codesmemory intensive. For this reason, these codes use iterative methods tosolve the linear systems, where a good fraction of the execution timeis spent on matrix-vector multiplication. In this paper, we discuss thetensor product form of applying the system operator on a vector. Thisapproach shows much better performance and provides huge savings inmemory as compared to the explicit sparse representation of the systemmatrix.
Wind tunnel studies of Martian aeolian processes

Preliminary results are reported of an investigation which involves wind tunnel simulations, geologic field studies, theoretical model studies, and analyses of Mariner 9 imagery. Threshold speed experiments were conducted for particles ranging in specific gravity from 1.3 to 11.35 and diameter from 10.2 micron to 1290 micron to verify and better define Bagnold's (1941) expressions for grain movement, particularly for low particle Reynolds numbers and to study the effects of aerodynamic lift and surface roughness. Wind tunnel simulations were conducted to determine the flow field over raised rim craters and associated zones of deposition and erosion. A horseshoe vortex forms around the crater, resulting in two axial velocity maxima in the lee of the crater which cause a zone of preferential erosion in the wake of the crater. Reverse flow direction occurs on the floor of the crater. The result is a distinct pattern of erosion and deposition which is similar to some martian craters and which indicates that some dark zones around Martian craters are erosional and some light zones are depositional.
MIG-10 (lamellipodin) has netrin-independent functions and is a FOS-1A transcriptional target during anchor cell invasion in C. elegans

To transmigrate basement membrane, cells must coordinate distinct signaling activities to breach and pass through this dense extracellular matrix barrier. Netrin expression and activity are strongly associated with invasion in developmental and pathological processes, but how netrin signaling is coordinated with other pathways during invasion is poorly understood. Using the model of anchor cell (AC) invasion in C. elegans, we have previously shown that the integrin receptor heterodimer INA-1/PAT-3 promotes netrin receptor UNC-40 (DCC) localization to the invasive cell membrane of the AC. UNC-6 (netrin)/UNC-40 interactions generate an invasive protrusion that crosses the basement membrane. To understand how UNC-40 signals during invasion, we have used genetic, site of action and live-cell imaging studies to examine the roles of known effectors of UNC-40 signaling in axon outgrowth during AC invasion. UNC-34 (Ena/VASP), the Rac GTPases MIG-2 and CED-10 and the actin binding protein UNC-115 (abLIM) are dedicated UNC-40 effectors that are recruited to the invasive membrane by UNC-40 and generate F-actin. MIG-10 (lamellipodin), an effector of UNC-40 in neurons, however, has independent functions from UNC-6/UNC-40. Furthermore, unlike other UNC-40 effectors, its expression is regulated by FOS-1A, a transcription factor that promotes basement membrane breaching. Similar to UNC-40, however, MIG-10 localization to the invasive cell membrane is also dependent on the integrin INA-1/PAT-3. These studies indicate that MIG-10 has distinct functions from UNC-40 signaling in cell invasion, and demonstrate that integrin coordinates invasion by localizing these molecules to the cell-basement membrane interface.
Modified broadside-coupled microstrip lines suitable for MIC and MMIC applications and a new class of broadside-coupled band-pass filters

Modified broadside-coupled microstrip lines, suitable for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated and monolithic integrated circuit (MIC and MMIC) applications requiring wide bandwidths and tight couplings, are presented. Their analysis, based on the quasi-static spectral domain technique, is described. Using these broadside structures, a new class of broadside-coupled band-pass filters has been developed at X-band (8-12 GHz) with about 1-dB insertion loss. Fair agreement between the measured and calculated results has been observed even though a major approximation is used. >
VITAMIN METABOLISM AND REQUIREMENTS IN THE MICROPREMIE

Vitamin metabolism and requirements are reviewed for the micropremie (1000 Pounds g birthweight), for parenteral and enteral feedings. Recommendations are presented in table format. Human milk fortifiers and special formulas for the preterm infant are reviewed. For parenteral nutrition, only MVI Pediatric is currently available in the United States. Two millimeters per kilogram is recommended for the micropremie as the most satisfactory method of providing supplemental vitamins in total parenteral nutrition solutions.
Update on Targeted Therapy—Focus on Monoclonal Antibodies:

Monoclonal antibodies represent a diverse class of therapeutic agents frequently used in the treatment of various malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies have a common structure with varying amounts of human and nonhuman components. These agents have been developed to identify and to interact with specific cellular targets or signaling pathways, leading to cell death by various mechanisms. Adverse effects associated with monoclonal antibodies are related to their structure (human vs nonhuman content) and to their cellular targets. Pharmacists should be familiar with this class of therapeutic agents to provide effective management and to monitor patients receiving monoclonal antibody therapy.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF IONIZING RADIATIONS: II. INHIBITION OF SULFHYDRYL ENZYMES BY ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA RAYS

The activity of crystalline phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase and urease was decreased when dilute solutions of these sulfhydryl enzymes were irradiated with small doses of alpha rays from Po, beta rays from Si(89), and gamma rays from Ra. Partial reactivation of the enzyme by addition of glutathione was obtained after inhibition with alpha rays. Evidence that these inhibitions are due to oxidation of the -SH groups of the enzymes was given by the irradiation of the mercury-mercaptide urease with gamma rays. This irradiated complex was completely reactivated by glutathione as was the non-irradiated enzyme. The ionic efficiency of all these ionizing radiations on inhibition of phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase was similar (ionic yield around 1). The sulfhydryl groups of crystalline phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase were titrated by enzyme activity measurements and by ferricyanide oxidation.
Factors Influencing Job Choice among Agricultural Economics Professionals

This article identifies factors that influence agricultural economics professionals' job choice between academic and government employment. Respondents agreed that job responsibilities were the most important factor in choosing their current position. They also agreed that having a positive work environment, good salary, family time, adequate resources, and professional and social interaction were important job attributes. Proportionally more women than men regarded partner opportunities, nondiscrimination, time for child care, and supportive colleagues as very important attributes influencing their decisions. A binomial probit of respondents' current job sector indicates significant job choice determinants include sector preference (academic or government), previous professional experience, a positive work environment, and advancement opportunities.
On real-time system research and education

It is argued that real-time system design can be made a more credible research subject and can attract more attention from academic researchers if it is possible to do significant experimentation with computing facilities commonly found in a university. This may be accomplished by: (1) compiling and publishing interesting problems found in real-world systems; (2) developing system design courses with nontrivial programming projects; (3) developing simulators of real-time system problems that are capable of exercising the experimental real-time systems; and (4) making common software components available for research and teaching. >
Abstract 2918: Menopausal hormone therapy and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in the Los Angeles County NHL Case-Control Study

Introduction: Immune modulation has long been established as a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been shown to affect immune function in both animal and human studies. However, the evidence for an association between MHT and NHL remains unclear. Cohort studies have suggested either no association or increased risk between MHT use and NHL, particularly for the follicular lymphoma subtype. A recent pooled analysis of case-control studies from the United States, Europe, and Australia reported a decreased risk for NHL among women who used MHT, but this analysis was limited by the lack of information on MHT formulation, dose, and duration. Methods: The Los Angeles County NHL Case-Control Study comprises 1010 B-cell NHL patients diagnosed 2004-2008 from the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, matched 1:1 by age and race to female neighborhood controls. Extensive information on MHT use was ascertained, along with information on demographic and known NHL risk factors. Among 685 post-menopausal women diagnosed with NHL and 685 matched controls, we conducted conditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, race and socioeconomic status, to evaluate the association between MHT use, formulation, dose and duration, and risk for B-cell NHL. Results: B-cell NHL risk was reduced among women who reported having ever used MHT (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.52-0.85) compared to never users. This risk reduction was similar for women who reported using unopposed estrogen only (HR = 0.75, 95% CI =0.56-1.01), estrogen plus progestin only (HR=0.62, 95% CI =0.45-0.85), sequential use of unopposed estrogen followed by estrogen plus progestin (HR=0.36, 95% CI=0.18-0.70), and sequential use of unopposed estrogen plus progestin followed by unopposed estrogen (HR=0.57, 95% CI=0.32-1.00). Among women who reported using unopposed estrogen or estrogen plus progestin by pill or patch (prescription only), reduced B-cell NHL risk was most pronounced among those who started MHT use early, at age 45 years or younger (HR=0.60, 95% CI=0.42-0.85) and generally among women with longer duration of use. The protective associations associated with MHT use were consistent among major B-cell NHL subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Conclusions: These data provide evidence for an association between MHT use - either unopposed estrogen or estrogen plus progestin use - and decreased risk of B-cell NHL, supporting a role for postmenopausal hormones in B-cell NHL etiology. Citation Format: Sophia S. Wang, Jianning Luo, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Yani Lu, James V. Lacey, Jr., Wendy Cozen, Leslie Bernstein. Menopausal hormone therapy and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in the Los Angeles County NHL Case-Control Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2918. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2918
Medical Applications Of Laser-induced Fluorescence

Although lasers have traditionally been used in medicine as therapeutic devices, there has been considerable interest in using them as diagnostic tools. A number of groups have been studying the medical applications of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF)1'2. We describe three projects examining the potential use of LIF in medicine. They involve the classification of colonic polyps, the LIF-. guided resection of brain tumors, and the advantages of LIF for studying photosensitizer pharmacokinetics. All three projects are only summarized; complete descriptions will appear elsewhere.
Treatment of a maxillary central incisor with class III invasive cervical resorption and compromised ferrule: A clinical report

This clinical report presents the treatment of a maxillary central incisor with class III invasive cervical resorption and a compromised ferrule. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy combined with periodontal surgery was provided for debridement. Direct light-polymerizing resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a zirconia crown were used to repair the defect. Symptomatic endodontic complication was diagnosed with localized cone beam computed tomography at 6-month follow-up, and periapical microsurgery was rendered. The patient was followed-up for 30 months after treatment and had no further complications.
A Note on Production Externalities and Technical Change

The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of an efficient charge scheme on the generation of production externalities in the context of a two-firm model. The model suggests that, in the absence of such charges, firms are likely to select new technologies which increase residual generation. Thus, Pigouvian taxes are one means to provide the signals which the market cannot.
A Review of “Power, Crisis, and Education for Liberation: Rethinking Critical Pedagogy”

Noah De Lissovoy's Power, Crisis, and Education for Liberation serves as an indispensable tool, not only for educational theorists and activists wrestling with neoliberal trends in the age of Empir...
Optimal Duration of Anticoagulation After Venous Thromboembolism

Case 1: A 79-year-old woman suffered idiopathic proximal right popliteal and calf deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 6 years previously. She had a normal hypercoagulability workup. Her warfarin has been managed successfully by a centralized pharmacist-run anticoagulation service, and she has easily achieved and maintained her target international normalized ratio range between 2.0 and 3.0. She has had no bleeding or thrombotic complications. She and her referring physicians want to know whether she should continue to take warfarin. Two years after her initial DVT, a repeat venous ultrasound examination showed recanalization of the right popliteal and calf veins. Case 2: A 24-year-old woman presented with a painful, swollen right leg and persistent shortness of breath in Tanzania after climbing Mt Kilimanjaro. She was diagnosed with right iliofemoral vein thrombosis by venous ultrasound and with pulmonary embolism (PE) by chest computed tomographic scan. She had been taking oral contraceptives, and she had suffered dehydration and altitude sickness while mountain climbing. Her maternal grandmother had DVT after total hip replacement. She has been anticoagulated for 14 months, most recently with enoxaparin as monotherapy without warfarin because of difficulty achieving a therapeutic international normalized ratio with warfarin. Her mother and sister have protein C deficiency. We were consulted to advise whether the patient should continue anticoagulation. Advising patients and referring physicians about the optimal duration of anticoagulation after acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is our most common PE/DVT consultation in the outpatient setting. Evaluation is complex and requires balancing the risks of recurrent VTE in the absence of anticoagulation against the risks of bleeding complications with continued pharmacological therapy.1 Discussion with our patients must include their preferences, and the message that we communicate must be nuanced yet understandable. Risk factors for VTE recurrence (Table 1) during anticoagulation include immobilization, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary …
Brightness reversal in the natural visual environment: A venetian blind effect

If a partially open Venetian blind is lighted by the sun, or by diffuse light from the sky, then the upper portion of each slat will be brightly lighted and the lower portion shaded. If an observer moves the head downward while viewing a dark object silhouetted against the sky, then the object displays a reversal of brightness, appearing brighter than the sky while the head is moving downward. Moving the head upward produces no brightness reversal. These observations in the natural visual environment are consistent with earlier laboratory demonstration under several conditions.
Effect of GABA on basal and vagally mediated gastric acid secretion and hormone release in dogs.

To stimulate peripheral gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABA, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, was administered to dogs with vagally innervated gastric fistulas at intravenous doses of 0, 0.66, 2, 6, 18, and 54 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Mean gastric acid output increased from zero basally to 3.0 +/- 1.4 mmol/h during infusion of 54 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 GABA. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity decreased significantly below basal levels during infusion of 54 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 GABA (P less than 0.05). To stimulate central nervous system GABA receptors as well as peripheral GABA receptors, progabide, a GABA-receptor agonist, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, was injected intravenously. Mean acid output was 3.5 +/- 1.3 mmol/h after 20 mg/kg progabide and 0.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/h after its vehicle (P less than 0.05). Basal serum gastrin concentration increased significantly after progabide injection. Acid output during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was inhibited 59% by 30 mg/kg intravenous progabide. Progabide infusion also diminished or abolished circulating gastrin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide responses during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (P less than 0.05). Further studies were performed in dogs with a gastric fistula and a vagally denervated Heidenhain pouch to confirm that GABA-receptor stimulation affects acid secretion via peripheral pathways. Intravenous injection of baclofen (0.5 mg/kg), a GABAB-receptor agonist, increased acid secretion significantly from the gastric fistula and the Heidenhain pouch. These studies suggest that GABA may play a role in regulating gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine function by both central and peripheral mechanisms.
Infrared spectroscopic studies on the cluster size dependence of charge carrier structure in nitrous oxide cluster anions

We report infrared photodissociation spectra of nitrous oxide cluster anions of the form (N2O)(n)O(-) (n = 1-12) and (N2O)n(-) (n = 7-15) in the region 800-1600 cm(-1). The charge carriers in these ions are NNO2(-) and O(-) for (N2O)(n)O(-) clusters with a solvation induced core ion switch, and N2O(-) for (N2O)n(-) clusters. The N-N and N-O stretching vibrations of N2O(-) (solvated by N2O) are reported for the first time, and they are found at (1595 ± 3) cm(-1) and (894 ± 5) cm(-1), respectively. We interpret our infrared spectra by comparison with the existing photoelectron spectroscopy data and with computational data in the framework of density functional theory.
Cutting-edge technology. II. Proteomics: core technologies and applications in physiology.

Technologies for proteomics, e.g., studies examining the protein complement of the genome, have been in development for over 20 years. More recently, proteomics has become formalized by combining techniques for large-scale protein separation with very precise, high-fidelity approaches that analyze, identify, and characterize the separated proteins. These methods bring to reality the powerful scope of proteomics, enabling researchers to investigate cellular function at the protein level and thus representing one of proteomics' most fitting applications. In this review, we take a brief and concise look at some of the current, physiologically relevant technologies that comprise proteomics and report specific applications in which proteomics has provided valuable biological insight.
Design and Application of an Extended Kalman Filter in a Flight Control System Development

Considering the noisy and biased nature of UAS sensors, particularly airflow angles and speed sensors and also the inherent slow update of INS; two extended Kalman filter were developed to improve these deficiencies. The first one designated to improve the airflow angles and speed measurements, and the second one to improve the slow GPS position updates and temporary erroneous GPS velocities. Together with the position estimation, the three components of the true wind speed were also estimated. The first Kalman filter makes use of a complete non-linear model of the aircraft. This design allows the calculation of biases especially in the airflow angles and air speed measurements for their consequent correction. The future availability of servo deflections information should be used to improve the estimations and also avoiding the use of physical based models for servo dynamics. The second filters uses the first Kalman filter airflow angles and airspeed estimations and propagate then through equations of motion. Future availability of inertial acceleration information will allow augmenting the Kalman filters for optimal estimation of the inertial speeds avoiding their deterministic calculation from estimated inertial positions.
L 2 existence theorems for the $$\bar \partial _b - Neumann$$ problem on strongly pseudoconvex CR manifoldsproblem on strongly pseudoconvex CR manifolds

LetM be the boundary of a strongly pseudoconvex domain in $$\mathbb{C}^n $$ ,n≥4 and ω be an open subset inM such that ϖω is the intersection ofM with a flat hypersurface. We establish theL 2 existence theorems of the $$\bar \partial _b - Neumann$$ problem on ω. In particular, we prove that the $$\bar \partial _b - Laplacian$$ $$\square _b = \bar \partial _b \bar \partial _b^* + \bar \partial _b^* \bar \partial _b $$ equipped with a pair of natural boundary conditions, the so-called $$\bar \partial _b - Neumann$$ boundary conditions, has closed range when it acts on (0,q) forms, 1≤q≤n−3. Thus there exists a bounded inverse operator for $$\square _b $$ , the $$\bar \partial _b - Neumann$$ operatorN b, and we have the following Hodge decomposition theorem on ω for $$\bar \partial _b \bar \partial _b^* N_b \alpha + \bar \partial _b^* \bar \partial _b N_b \alpha $$ , for any (0,q) form α withL 2(ω) coefficients. The proof depends on theL p regularity of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operators $$\bar \partial _b u = \alpha $$ on ω⊂M under the compatibility condition $$\bar \partial _b \alpha = 0$$ , where α is a (p, q) form on ω, where 1≤q≤n−2. The interior regularity ofN b follows from the fact that $$\square _b $$ is subelliptic in the interior of ω. The operatorN b induces natural questions on the regularity up to the boundary ϖω. Near the characteristic point of the boundary, certain compatibility conditions will be present. In fact, one can show thatN b is not a compact operator onL 2(ω).
Smart Divert: A New Entry, Descent, and Landing Architecture

To date, Mars robotic landing site selection has been a compromise between scientific interest and safety. Due to the rather large landed footprint major axis lengths of the Viking, Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rovers, and Phoenix missions, these landed ellipses have been placed in vast, relatively flat areas to ensure a high probability of landing success. Scientists are interested in exploring more geologically interesting areas that may contain landing hazards, including sloping terrain, craters, and rocks. Smart Divert is a new entry, descent, and landing architecture that could allow robotic missions to safely land in hazardous terrain without the requirement of hypersonic guidance. Smart Divert consists of a ballistic entry followed by supersonic parachute deployment. After parachute release, the vehicle diverts to one of many predefined, fuel-optimal safe zones. Smart Divert performance and entry design is discussed and is followed by a discussion of Smart Divert for random terrain. An initial assessment of optimal landing site arrangement is performed and an example of the usefulness of Smart Divert is performed for actual Mars terrain using Phoenix landing site rock count data.
Political fragmentation and widening disparities in African-American and white mortality, 1972–1988

Abstract Objective During the 1970s and 1980s in the U.S., population movement, urban sprawl and urban governance reform led to a proliferation of local, autonomous jurisdictions. Prior literature examines how this creation of local governments, also referred to as political fragmentation, contributes to economic growth and social inequality. We examine the impact of political fragmentation on health equity by testing the hypothesis that the mortality disparity between whites and African-Americans varies positively with political fragmentation. Methods We retrieved mortality data from the multiple cause-of-death file and calculated total number of local governments per 1000 residents in a county to measure the degree of political fragmentation. We focused on 226 U.S. counties with population size greater than 200,000 and restricted the analysis to four distinct periods with overlapping government and mortality data (1972–73, 1977–78, 1982–83, and 1987–88). We applied generalized estimating equation methods that permit analysis of clustered data over time. Methods also controlled for the age structure of the population, reductions in mortality over time, and confounding by county-level sociodemographic variables. Results Adjusted coefficients of fragmentation are positive and statistically significant for both whites (coef: 2.60, SE: 0.60, p p Conclusions From 1972 to 1988, political fragmentation in large urban counties moves positively with the racial/ethnic gap in mortality between whites and African-Americans. We discuss intervening mechanisms through which political fragmentation may disproportionately affect mortality among African-Americans.
Aircraft suitability model applied to a laminar flow control flight experiment

When planning a flight experiment, the test team must analyse the suitability of the testbed aircraft. Often, critical design decisions for the test apparatus are made without high-fidelity models of aircraft performance since few testbed aircraft are designed and built for the flight experiment. This study develops a process to adapt rough performance data to determine the suitability of an airplane to operate at a given angle of attack across a wide range of flight conditions within operational limits. The process illustrates the careful balance of factors in the design of a swept wing laminar flow control wing glove. The process also establishes an important flight planning tool that allows the test team to assess the impact of aircraft performance on the flight experiment. Further, the tool can be updated with flight data when available and leveraged as a planning tool to promote safe and efficient flight research.
Quando um paciente cai (no sono) e não consegue acordar: transtorno conversivo – paraplegia após anestesia geral

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Descrever a rara ocorrencia de paraplegia causada por disturbio conversivo em uma mulher que recebeu anestesia geral para a cirurgia de mama. Relato de caso Mulher saudavel de 46 anos recebeu anestesia geral para excisao de uma lesao fibroepitelial na mama esquerda. Na sala de recuperacao pos‐anestesia, a paciente relatou perda bilateral de sensibilidade e motricidade abaixo dos joelhos. Os sinais fisicos e sintomas nao se correlacionavam com qualquer padrao anatomico ou neurologico; exame de imagem nao revelou anormalidades. Uma consulta psiquiatrica foi feita e constatou circunstâncias familiares estressantes, o que levou ao diagnostico e ao tratamento de transtorno conversivo. Conclusao O transtorno conversivo e caracterizado por alteracao da funcao fisica devido a expressao de uma doenca psicologica subjacente. Seu diagnostico requer uma avaliacao minuciosa, incluindo tratamento adequado para excluir causas orgânicas. O entrosamento de anestesiologia e psiquiatria, como demonstrado neste relato de caso, oferece uma oportunidade para destacar as informacoes importantes relativas a definicao, ao diagnostico e ao manejo do transtorno conversivo, pois esse transtorno pode ser encontrado no periodo de recuperacao pos‐anestesia.
Natural Sounds and Musical Sounds: A Dual Distinction

In this article I consider the relationship between natural sounds and music. I evaluate two prominent accounts of this relationship. These accounts satisfy an important condition, the difference condition: musical sounds are different from natural sounds. However, they fail to meet an equally important condition, the interaction condition: musical sounds and natural sounds can interact in aesthetically important ways to create unified aesthetic objects. I then propose an alternative account of the relationship between natural sounds and music that meets both conditions. I argue that natural sounds are distinct from music in that they express a kind of alterity or “otherness,” which occurs in two ways. It occurs referentially, because the sources of natural sounds are natural objects rather than artifactual objects, such as instruments; it also occurs acoustically, because natural sounds tend to contain more microtones than macrotones. On my account, the distinction between music and natural sounds is both conventional and vague; it therefore allows music and natural sounds to come together.
Implementation of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist and pulse oximetry in a resource-limited setting

Introduction The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist has been shown to reduce post-surgical mortality and morbidity. However, one essential component of the Checklist - pulse oximetry - is not available in much of the developing world. We sought to measure the impact of the Checklist, together with oximetry, in a resource-limited setting. Methods Eight months of pre and post-implementation data regarding intra-operative processes and post-operative complications were collected at a tertiary care hospital in Chisinau, Moldova. A one month period was used for implementation of the Checklist and oximetry. Oximeters were supplied for all 22 operating tables. Rates of hypoxemia (Spo2 Results 3,565 operations (2,144 pre and 1,421 post) were included. After Checklist implementation, measures of intra-operative communication improved by over six-fold (p Conclusions Implementation of the Checklist, together with oximetry, can reduce post-surgical morbidity and mortality, and can decrease hypoxemia rates in a resource-limited setting. Universal implementation of both could have a significant impact on surgical care throughout the world.
Numerical simulation of nonlinear long waves in the presence of discontinuous coastal vegetation

Abstract We presented numerical simulations of long waves, interacting with arrays of emergent cylinders inside regularly spaced patches, representing tsunamis interacting with discontinuous patchy coastal vegetation. We employed the fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive Serre-Green-Naghdi equations (SGN) until the breaking process starts, while we changed the governing equations to nonlinear shallow water equations (NSW) at the vicinity of the breaking-wave peak and during the run-up stage. We modeled the cylinders as physical boundaries rather than approximating them as macro-roughness friction. Our results show that the cylinders provide protection for the areas behind them. However they might also cause amplification in local water depth in those areas. The presented results are extensively validated against the existing numerical and experimental data. Our results demonstrate the capability and reliability of our model in simulating wave interaction with emergent cylinders.
Gravitational radiation from sources which extend into their own wave zone

Gravitational radiation generated by a weak-field source is expressed purely in terms of the retarded transverse quadrupole moments of the stress-energy components ${T}^{00}$, ${T}^{0l}{n}_{l}$, and ${T}^{\mathrm{ml}}{n}_{m}{n}_{l}$, where $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{n}$ is the direction to the observer. Although resembling the usual quadrupole formulation, the equation derived does not assume slow motion or small sources, nor is it limited to quadrupole radiation. A detailed example of a highly directional emitter, the "gravitational screw," is worked out.
O Desafio da Filosofia Experimental à "Grande Tradição"

Abstract:Appeal to intuition has played an important role in philosophical debates. Recent research in experimental philosophy empirically investigates philosophical intuitions, the factors that affect them, and the psychological and neurological mechanisms that underlie them. We distinguish between two common ways in which intuitions are used as philosophical evidence and present experimental philosophical studies that problematize these uses of philosophical intuitions. These studies indicate the influence of various prima facie irrelevant factors, such as language and order of presentation, on philosophical intuitions. We consider three versions of the “expertise defense” of philosophical intuition and identify deficiencies in those defenses. We do not conclude that intuitions should never be used as philosophical evidence. Instead, we contend that experimental philosophy, broadly construed, has a crucial role to play in assessing and improving philosophical methodology Resumo: O apelo a intuicao desempenhou ate o presente um papel importante em debates filosoficos. Pesquisas recentes em filosofia experimental examinam as intuicoes filosoficas empiricamente, os fatores que as afetam e os mecanismos psicologicos e neurologicos que as subjazem. Distinguimos entre dois modos comuns nos quais as intuicoes sao usadas como evidencia filosofica e apresentamos estudos experimentais filosoficos que problematizam esses usos das intuicoes filosoficas. Esses estudos indicam a iFilosofia nfluencia de diversos fatores prima facie irrelevantes, como a linguagem e a ordem de apresentacao. Consideramos tres versoes da “defesa do especialista” da intuicao filosofica e identificamos deficiencias nessas defesas. Nao concluimos que as intuicoes nunca devam ser usadas como evidencia filosofica. Em vez disso, argumentamos que a filosofia experimental, amplamente concebida, tem um papel crucial a desempenhar na avaliacao e na melhoria da metodologia filosofica.
Fiction as a bridge to action

We propose an extension of the Distancing-Embracing model to the use of stories for prosocial ends. Specifically, audiences may find stories of individuals in need too emotionally overwhelming. Audiences may attempt to regulate or reduce negative emotions, which can reduce empathy and willingness to help. Through distancing, fictionalized accounts may counteract this tendency and thus increase prosocial behavior.
Taxation: The Ethics of Its Avoidance or Dodging

This chapter argues, given that taxation is a form of extortion, that taxation is ethically justified to resist it in a variety of ways (all the while keeping due process in mind). Prominent objections are considered and rejected; an alternative to funding legal services is suggested.
Purification of Capsular Polysaccharide

Meningococcus is an aerobic, fastidious, Gram-negative diplococcus that is found only in humans. Its cell wall has a cytoplasmic membrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and an outer membrane. Meningococci isolated from the bloodstream or the spinal fluid are almost always encapsulated. The capsules are polysaccharides, which consist of repeating sugar units (1,2). The capsular polysaccharide can be isolated, purified, and chemically and physically defined. Based on the chemical and immunological specificity of its capsular polysaccharides, Neisseria meningitidis has been classified serologically into groups A, B, C, 29E, H, I, K, L, W135, X, Y and Z (2). Of these, groups A, B, and C are responsible for approx 90% of meningococcal meningitis, and group B meningococcus is responsible for the majority of meningococcal disease in industrialized countries (1,2). The structures of the repeating units of the meningococcal polysaccharides have been elucidated and are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Structures of the Capsular Polysaccharides of N. meningitidis Group Structure of repeating unit Reference A →6)α-D-ManNAc(1-PO4→ (8) 3 ↑ OAc B →8)α-D-NeuNAc(2→ (5) C →9)α-D-NeuNAc(2→ (5) 7/8 ↑ OAc H →4)α-D-Gal (l→2) glycerol 3-PO(4)→ (6) L →3)α-D-GlcNAc (l→3) β-D-GlcNAc (l→3) α-D-GlcNAc-1-PO(4)→ (7) X →4)α-D-GlcNAc-1 -PO(4)→ (4) Y →6)α-D-Glc (l→4) α-D-NeuNAc (2→ (OAc) (9) W135 →6)α-D-Gal (l→4) α-D-NeuNAc (2→ (9) Z →3)α-D-GalNAc (1→1) glycerol 3-PO(4)→ (10) 29E →7)β-D-KDO (l→3) α-D-GalNAc (l→ (11).
Flexible foil exercise and shoulder internal and external rotation strength.

Context: The efficacy of exercise using a flexible foil to increase strength in the shoulder rotator muscles is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of exercises using a flexible foil (Bodyblade) with exercises using elastic bands on shoulder internal and external rotator muscle strength. Design: We used a randomized, controlled pretest-posttest design. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty young adults with no previous shoulder injury. Intervention(s): Experimental subjects participated in an 8-week program of internal and external rotation exercises consisting of 3 sessions per week. Main Outcome Measure(s): Strength was tested by internal and external rotation isometric and isokinetic strength tests at 60°·s −1 and 120°·s −1. Results: The group exercising with elastic bands had a greater pretest-posttest increase in maximal internal rotation isometric torque at 10° of internal rotation and greater maximal external rotation isometric torque at 65° of external rotation than the control group. The group using a flexible foil did not show an increase in strength significantly different from either the control or elastic band groups. We found no other statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Our results do not support the use of a flexible foil for strength gains in shoulder internal and external rotation in the asymptomatic young adult population.
Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Recent Concepts and Implications for Therapy

The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease has been the subject of several recent detailed treatises (1–3). These relatively optimistic reports describe a variety of effective new chemotherapeutic agents and emphasize a concept that radiotherapy can potentially cure some forms of lymphoma (4–6). Furthermore, intelligent administration of therapeutic modalities has been facilitated by the introduction of additional diagnostic techniques, such as lymphangiography, which aid in the precise localization of lymphoid tumors. Finally, re-evaluation of the histologic classification of various forms of lymphomas had led to a more clear understanding of natural history and of how the course of the disease might be altered by specific therapy (7). Although empirical in nature, the information derived from these studies has been extremely helpful to the clinician. Meanwhile, recent advances in basic immunobiology, focussing on the lymphoid system as a functional unit, have uncovered some important facts regarding the biological significance of lymphoid cell proliferation. Most likely, decisive therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders will ultimately depend on the application of basic knowledge of lymphoid physiology. The present report will attempt to utilize our present knowledge of the functioning lymphoid system in a search for possible sources of malfunction and their therapeutic implications.
From Arabidopsis to Crops: The Arabidopsis QQS Orphan Gene Modulates Nitrogen Allocation Across Species

To enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops to increase yields, one approach is to develop crops with improved NUE. Qua quine starch (QQS), a species-specific orphan gene present only in Arabidopsis thaliana, has a novel, unexpected functionality in regulation of carbon and nitrogen allocation. Approximately 0.5–8% of genes in a given species are uniquely present in that species, having no homologs in other species. They represent a significant fraction of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, and are thought to be a determinant of the character of a species. However, little is known about their functional significance. QQS can affect the important trait of protein content when expressed in other species, including soybean, maize, and rice. Understanding QQS functions has multiple impacts, revealing how plants allocate precious carbon and nitrogen resources. Here, we report that QQS interactor nuclear factor Y subunit C4 (NF-YC4) affects carbon and nitrogen allocation to protein in soybean and maize. RNA-sequencing analyses of the QQS mutant materials have identified candidate genes involved in regulation of nitrogen allocation. QQS and its related network may be used as a tool to increase the protein content in crops and to study the nitrogen allocation network.
An overview of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathosystem in soybean: impact, fungal biology, and current management strategies

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most important diseases of soybean. Disease management is complicated by the long-term survival of sclerotia in the soil and the absence of resistance in elite, commercial cultivars. Furthermore, the lifecycle of S. sclerotiorum in soybean fields is highly dependent on weather conditions, leading to a highly sporadic occurrence of the disease over seasons and an aggregated distribution within fields. Management relies on a multi-pronged approach of combining partially resistant cultivars with cultural practices, such as altering row spacing and planting population, along with chemical control. These control measures are constrained by economic trade-offs, incomplete efficacy of chemicals, and a lack of understanding of application timing for fungicides. Newer tools have been developed to improve management, such as disease prediction models that can assist farmers in making decisions about fungicide application. This review aims to introduce the Sclerotinia pathosystem in soybean, while covering the complicated biology of S. sclerotiorum that leads to the need for integrated management by soybean farmers.
Hand motion analysis for assessment of nursing competence in ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter placement:

Introduction:Objective measures such as hand motion analysis are needed to assess competency in technical skills, including ultrasound-guided procedures. Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous ca...
A DNA Methylation Fingerprint of Cellular Senescence

ABSTRACT Recent years have witnessed an influx of therapies aimed at targeting the biological aging process. While many hold promise for potentially delaying the simultaneous onset of multiple chronic conditions, a major hurdle in developing interventions to slow human aging is the lack of reliable and valid endpoints from which to evaluate potential candidates. The aim of this study was to develop a biomarker that could serve as a potential endophenotype in evaluation of one of the most promising and exciting aging therapeutics being developed—senolytics. Senolytics are compounds which selectively clear senescent cells by targeting anti-apoptotic pathways. Using DNAm data from fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in culture, we developed a predictor of cellular senescence that related to three distinct senescence inducers (replicative, oncogene induced (OIS), and ionizing radiation (IR)). Our measure, termed DNAmSen, showed expected classification of validation data from embryonic stem cells (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and near senescent cells in culture. Further, using bulk data from whole blood, peripheral tissue samples, and postmortem tissue, we observed robust correlations between age and DNAmSen. We also observed age adjusted associations between DNAmSen and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPS), COPD, lung cancer, and Werner syndrome compared to controls. When characterizing the 88 CpGs in the DNAmSen measure, we observed a enrichment for those located in enhancer regions and regulatory regions marked by DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs). Interestingly most of the CpGs were observed to be moderately hypomethyled in early passage cells, yet exhibited further hypomethylation upon induction of cellular senescence, suggesting senescence is accompanied by programmatic alterations to the epigenome, rather than entropic drift.