cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anionic lanthanide shift reagents. Application to the assignment of NH peaks of amidinium ions

Anionic EDTA complexes of Pr(III) and Eu(III) produce downfield and upfield shifts, respectively, of the NH resonances of amidinium ions, RC(NH2)2+. These LnEDTA− -induced shifts arise through the formation of weak ion pairs. Results for the acetamidinium ion show that Hz, the high field NH, experiences a greater shift than HE. This result confirms the expectation that in the ion pair the anionic shift reagent approaches closer to Hz. Thus LnEDTA−-induced shifts can be used to assign NH peaks of amidinium ions. Such shifts are then used to assign the low field NH peak of the benzamidinium ion to HE, whereas the low field NH peaks of the azoisobutyramidinium ion and formamidinesulfinic acid are assigned as Hz.
On the effect of orthotropy in a cracked cylindrical shell

A pressurized cylindrical shell containing a longitudinal crack is considered. The shear modulus of the sheet may be evaluated from the measured Young's moduli and the Poisson's ratios rather than being an independent material constant. Two examples, one for a mildly orthotropic (titanium) and the other for a strongly orthotropic (graphite) material approximately satisfying the condition of special orthotropy are given. The results show that the stress intensity factors are rather strongly dependent on the degree of orthotropy.
Use of microgranitoid enclaves as solid state strain markers in deformed granitic rock: an evaluation

Microgranitoid enclaves are common in many plutons and are potentially valuable as solid state strain markers in tectonically deformed granitoids. We consider the parameters necessary to assess enclaves as two-dimensional strain markers. These include (i) their primary shapes, (ii) differences in rheology between enclave and host granitoid, (iii) the magmatic shape fabric ellipse of enclave populations, (iv) the maximum fluctuation of enclave long axes developed during magmatic processes, (v) the angle between the magmatic shape fabric ellipse and tectonic strain ellipse at the onset of tectonic deformation, and (vi) the type of strain path undergone by the markers. Enclave populations show characteristic magmatic distributions as shown by plots of the magmatic shape fabric ellipse vs enclave axial fluctuation from several plutons in the Sierra Nevada, California, and in the Adamello massif, Italy. The plots of tectonically undeformed and deformed enclaves show nearly complete overlap, creating substantial uncertainties in separating magmatic strain from tectonic strain if only the final enclave axial ratio is considered. Enclave/host strength differences have been modeled using published mineral deformation data and theoretical approaches to simulate deformation of aggregates. Results indicate very similar flow properties of enclaves and felsic host between 500° and 800°C, and possibly at lower temperatures as well, provided that biotite-bearing enclave and host compositions are present. Two-dimensional strain modeling of the enclave populations indicates that values of the total shape fabric ellipse as determined from field measurements can be close to the true tectonic strain under some circumstances, but most commonly the former substantially over- or underestimates the latter. If the parameters (i–v) are assessed at each strain site, however, and each measured surface subsequently modeled using those parameters, over- and underestimates of solid state strain can be greatly reduced or eliminated, and reasonable values for two-dimensional tectonic strain of the granitoid and its enclaves can be obtained.
Design of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Instrument With Compensation Techniques for Soft Tissue Characterization

Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has shown significant potential in many areas of medicine to provide new physiologic markers. Several acute and chronic diseases are accompanied by changes in intra- and extracellular fluid within various areas of the human body. The estimation of fluid in various body compartments is therefore a simple and convenient method to monitor certain disease states. In this work, the design and evaluation of a BIS instrument are presented and three key areas of the development process investigated facilitating the BIS measurement of tissue hydration state. First, the benefit of incorporating DC-stabilizing circuitry to the standard modified Howland current pump (MHCP) is investigated to minimize the effect of DC offsets limiting the dynamic range of the system. Second, the influence of the distance between the bioimpedance probe and a high impedance material is investigated using finite element analysis (FEA). Third, an analytic compensation technique is presented to minimize the influence of parasitic capacitance. Finally, the overall experimental setup is evaluated through ex vivo BIS measurements of porcine spleen tissue and compared to published results. The DC-stabilizing circuit demonstrated its ability to maintain DC offsets at less than 650 μV through 100 kHz while maintaining an output impedance of 1 MΩ from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. The proximity of a bioimpedance probe to a high impedance material such as acrylic was shown to increase measured impedance readings by a factor of 4x as the ratio of the distance between the sensing electrodes to the distance between the bioimpedance probe and acrylic reached 1:3. The average parasitic capacitance for the circuit presented was found to be 712 ± 128 pF, and the analytic compensation method was shown to be able to minimize this effect on the BIS measurements. Measurements of porcine spleen tissue showed close correlation with experimental results reported in published articles. This research presents the successful design and evaluation of a BIS instrument. Specifically, robust measurements were obtained by implementing a DC-stabilized current source, investigating probe-material proximity issues and compensating for parasitic capacitance. These strategies were shown to provide tissue measurements comparable with published literature.
Aberrant subcellular neuronal calcium regulation in aging and Alzheimer's disease

In this mini-review/opinion article we describe evidence that multiple cellular and molecular alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involve perturbed cellular calcium regulation, and that alterations in synaptic calcium handling may be early and pivotal events in the disease process. With advancing age neurons encounter increased oxidative stress and impaired energy metabolism, which compromise the function of proteins that control membrane excitability and subcellular calcium dynamics. Altered proteolytic cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in response to the aging process in combination with genetic and environmental factors results in the production and accumulation of neurotoxic forms of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Aβ undergoes a self-aggregation process and concomitantly generates reactive oxygen species that can trigger membrane-associated oxidative stress which, in turn, impairs the functions of ion-motive ATPases and glutamate and glucose transporters thereby rendering neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Mutations in presenilin-1 that cause early-onset AD increase Aβ production, but also result in an abnormal increase in the size of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. Some of the events in the neurodegenerative cascade can be counteracted in animal models by manipulations that stabilize neuronal calcium homeostasis including dietary energy restriction, agonists of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors and drugs that activate mitochondrial potassium channels. Emerging knowledge of the actions of calcium upstream and downstream of Aβ provides opportunities to develop novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for AD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
Measurement of Electronic Packaging Material Behavior and Flip Chip Die Stresses at Extreme Low Temperatures

High stresses in semiconductor die and other packaging elements can be developed in electronic assemblies subjected to extremely low ambient temperatures leading to reliability concerns. In this work, we have characterized and modeled the silicon die stresses occurring in flip chip assemblies at low temperatures. Stress measurements have been made at temperatures down to −180°C using test chips incorporating piezoresistive sensor rosettes. The obtained stress measurement data have been correlated with the predictions of nonlinear finite element models. A microtester has been used to characterize the stress-strain behavior of the solders and encapsulants from −180 to +150°C to aid in this modeling effort.© 2005 ASME
Local Theories of Inheritance

Inheritance networks are not expressive enough to capture all intuitions behind inheritance. Hence, a number of significantly different semantics have been proposed. Here, a family of local theories of inheritance is presented that are conceptually simple and computationally tractable. A general model-theoretic framework for specifying direct semantics to networks and clarifying relationships among them is developed. It is also shown that the local constraints specifying the semantics are satisfiable when the attention is restricted to acyclic networks. The notion of local semantics is generalized to what is called ground local semantics to further understand the relationship between the local theories and the path-based theories of inheritance. A family of polynomial-time set-based inheritance algorithm 8 that conforms to these inheritance theories is also presented. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of Ceruloplasmin in Cellular Iron Uptake

Individuals with hereditary ceruloplasmin (Cp) deficiency have profound iron accumulation in most tissues, which suggests that Cp is important for normal release of cellular iron. Here, in contrast to expectations, Cp was shown to increase iron uptake by HepG2 cells, increasing the apparent affinity for the substrate by three times. Consistent with its role in iron uptake, Cp synthesis was regulated by iron supply and was increased four- to fivefold after iron depletion. Unlike other iron controllers that are posttranscriptionally regulated, Cp synthesis was transcriptionally regulated. Thus, iron-deficient cells could increase Cp synthesis to maintain intracellular iron homeostasis, so that defects would lead to global accumulation of iron in tissues.
An exploratory monthly integrated regional/national econometric model

Abstract Regional econometric models are usually developed as independent entities in which national economic variables in the model are assumed to be exogenous. This approach has certain limitations in modeling economically important regions of a nation. This paper presents an exploratory, monthly, recursive, integrated model of New York State, the Rest-of-the-Nation and the U.S. which attempts to deal with this and some other problems in constructing regional models. Encouraging preliminary results of this research include the estimated model, a tentative comparative economic analysis of the regions under study, as well as some initial simulation runs.
In vitro studies of Anti-Inflammatory agents and prostaglandin e2 effects on stimulated normal human fibroblast cultures

Lanas A, Haggerty P, Hirschowitz BI. In vitro studies of anti-inflammatory agents and prostaglandin E effects on stimulated normal human fibroblast cultures. Inflammopharmacology. 1994;2:377-387. To study the mechanisms whereby anti-inflammatory agents and prostaglandins may affect wound healing (fibroblast proliferation), we studied normal human fibroblasts growth in short-term, 24 h, culture by13H-thymidine incorporation and longer term 6–14 day growth in cell numbers by the crystal violet method. Therapeutic doses of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) but not ibuprofen increase fibroblast proliferation stimulated for 24 h by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB). Both dexamethasone and prostaglandin-E2 strongly suppressed fibroblast growth but the effects were not additive. PDGF stimulated PGK2 production from fibroblasts and our data suggest that prostaglandins may act as negative Feedback on growth factor mitogenesis. Long-term fibroblast culture was inhibited by ibuprofen but not 5-ASA. We conclude that these effects may explain, at least in part, the clinical actions of these drugs on some pathological conditions and wound healing.
Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness

Summary A pedigree showing the uncommon association of palmoplantar keratoderma with sensorineural deafness is described.
Anomalous Systemic Venous Drainage with Hypoplasia of the Right Ventricular Myocardium

A case of anomalous systemic venous drainage into the left atrium with right-to-left shunt across an atrial septal defect is presented. Hemodynamic studies, observation during surgical correction of the abnormalities and the occurrence of postoperative heart failure indicated inadequacy of the right ventricular myocardium.
Detection of reactive intermediates during laser pyrolysis of cellulose char by molecular beam mass spectroscopy, implications for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract We report here the use of infrared laser pyrolysis as both an analytical tool, at low power, for the determination of pendant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in chars and as a means, at high power, for the generation of the reactive intermediate precursors of PAH. Cellulose, in the form of pelletized Avicel, was charred under argon for various times at 375 °C up to 3 h. The char formed in this way was pyrolyzed using a 65W carbon dioxide laser at powers corresponding to peak char surface temperatures, Tmax, of up to approximately 1000 °C in a helium atmosphere and the products detected by molecular beam mass spectroscopy (MBMS). Relatively fast scanning of the mass spectrum allowed useful information to be gathered before the sample reached peak temperatures,
The effects of lateral injection and base-widening on the high current-low voltage characteristics of transistors

Abstract The common emitter I C  V CE characteristics of double-diffused transistors at low collector-to-emitter biases are discussed. The observed decrease in emitter-to-collector resistance is qualitatively described by existing models for base-widening and lateral injection. The quantitative nature of the reduction in resistance depends on the bulk lifetime and dimensions of the transistor. The decrease in resistance is shown to take place prior to the onset of saturation.
Biopsy confirmed benign breast disease, postmenopausal use of exogenous female hormones, and breast carcinoma risk

BACKGROUND A history of proliferative benign breast disease has been shown to increase the risk of developing breast carcinoma, but, to the authors' knowledge, how postmenopausal exogenous female hormone use, in general, has affected breast carcinoma risk among women with a history of proliferative breast disease with or without atypia has not been well established. METHODS In the current case–control study, nested within the Nurses' Health Study, benign breast biopsy slides of 133 postmenopausal breast carcinoma cases and 610 controls with a history of benign breast disease, were reviewed. Reviewers had no knowledge of case status. RESULTS Women with proliferative disease without atypia had a relative risk for postmenopausal breast carcinoma of 1.8 (95%, confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 2.8), and women with atypical hyperplasia had a relative risk of 3.6 (95%, CI: 2.0 to 6.4) compared with women who had nonproliferative benign histology. Neither current postmenopausal use of exogenous female hormones nor long term use for 5 or more years further increased the risk of breast carcinoma in the study population beyond that already associated with their benign histology. CONCLUSIONS Women who had proliferative benign breast disease, with or without atypia, were at moderately to substantially increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast carcinoma compared with women who had nonproliferative benign conditions. In the current study, postmenopausal exogenous female hormone use in general did not further increase the breast carcinoma risk for women with proliferative benign breast disease. However, the analysis did not exclude the possibility of increased risk with a particular hormone combination or dosage. Cancer 2000;89:2046–52. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Conspecific negative density-dependent mortality and the structure of temperate forests

Factors that control tree seedling dynamics are critical determinants of forest diversity. We examined the role of density-dependent mortality and abiotic factors in the differential establishment and survival of tree seedlings at three, large, mapped forest plots in Indiana, Virginia, and Wisconsin, USA. We tested whether seedling densities and seedling survival are related to local biotic and abiotic factors with generalized linear mixed models. Spatial point pattern analyses were utilized to determine if the distribution patterns of seedlings and saplings are consistent with a pattern generated by negative density-dependent mortality with respect to conspecific trees. Initial sampled seedling density for nearly a third of species showed a positive correlation with increasing conspecific basal area, indicating dispersal limitation, but few had any association with abiotic variables. By contrast, survival of seedlings over one year significantly declined with increasing conspecific basal area. Point pattern analyses indicated that nearly one-third of tree species had significantly over-dispersed point patterns of conspecific seedlings and saplings relative to adult densities; the majority of other species exhibited random spatial arrangements. Our results demonstrate that negative conspecific density-dependent mortality of seedlings could generate the spatial patterns observed at later life stages. By differentially favoring seedlings of other species, this process may contribute to the maintenance of tree diversity in temperate forests, just as others have demonstrated for tropical forests.
The Fabrication of Near Net-Shaped Hydroxyapatite Ceramics by the Oxidation of Solid, Metal-Bearing Precursors

Abstract Abstract Near net-shaped bodies of hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, have been fabricated by a novel process: the oxidation of solid, metal-bearing precursors. High-energy mechanical alloying was used to produce an intimate powder mixture of metallic calcium and calcium pyrophosphate, β-Ca2P2O7, that possessed an overall stoichiometry consistent with HA (molar Ca:Ca2P2O7 ratio = 4:3). The milled Ca-Ca2P2O7 mixtures were sufficiently malleable as to allow for compaction and forming (pressing, machining) into shaped green bodies with relatively high densities (80-86%). The green bodies were converted into phase-pure HA through heat treatments at 500-600°C in dry oxygen (for Ca oxidation), 850°C in moist oxygen or air (for HA formation), and 1100-1150°C in moist oxygen or air (for sintering). The offsetting volume changes associated with calcium oxidation (Vm(CaO) 4Vm(CaO) + 3Vm(Ca2P2O7)) resulted in HA bodies that retained the shapes and dimension...
Posse Comitatus revisited: The use of the military in civil law enforcement

Abstract The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which removed the military from regular civil law enforcement, was in response to the abuses resulting from the extensive use of the army in civil law enforcement during the Civil War and the Reconstruction. The Act allows legislated exceptions. Congress, by legislation, has allowed the use of the military in cases of domestic violence, protection of federal property, and enforcement of some federal laws and court orders. The growing drug problem in the United States and the inability of federal and local law enforcement officials to meet the challenge of massive drug inflow led Congress in 1981 to enact legislation providing for military cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials. Although recognizing the Posse Comitatus restrictions, the law opens the door for extensive use of the military in civilian law enforcement. The military has been slow to respond because it does not wish to become embroiled in civilian law enforcement, and there are questions concerning funding. Further, the military does not want to have its readiness capability impaired by diverting resources toward civilian law enforcement. The Department of Defense has developed directives to provide types of direct and indirect assistance to civilian law enforcement agencies. Currently, the military collects information and uses military equipment in tracking violators of the drug laws. Demands for greater military involvement in the war on drugs are being made. Military cooperation with civil law enforcement agencies can be expected to increase.
Knowledge From the Fields: A Migrant Farmworker Student's Community Cultural Wealth

Migrant farmworker students bring with them to schools a significant knowledge base that they acquire working in the fields alongside their families. These experiences can be valuable influences in their enrollment and completion of college. Using community cultural wealth, this article examines how a Latino migrant farmworker student used his cultural wealth to transition from high school to college and successfully complete his first year.
Measures of sensitivity and response bias for the probe-type serial memory task

Abstract In this paper several measures of sensitivity (unbiased retention) and response bias are described and evaluated in terms of their applicability to the probe-type serial memory task. Furthermore, suggestions are made regarding the major factors that should be considered when selecting an index for one's data.
Comparison of crabmeat protein patterns by isoelectric focusing

Abstract Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the water and urea extracts of raw or cooked blue crabmeat showed no difference in protein banding patterns with respect to sex, body part (body lump and claw), time of year (January, April, June, August and October) or locations (Florida, Maryland, Louisiana and South Carolina) of harvesting, though differences in intensities of some bands occurred. However, the cooked Taiwanese crabmeat was found to differ in IEF profiles from the US blue crab and the two frozen crabmeat blocks from China. IEF and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) were not effective for differentiating pasteurized or canned crabmeat from different countries of origin. Heat treatment during pasteurization and canning drastically affected protein composition and thus the profiles.
Studies on reduction of azo-linkages in human placental homogenates.

Abstract Investigations of the capacity of human placental tissue to metabolize exogenous substrates revealed a system present in the soluble fraction of placental homogenates which increased the NADPH-dependent reduction of the azo-linkage of neoprontosil. Characterization of the enzyme system involved indicated striking differences in comparison to the azo-reductase system(s) present in hepatic tissues. Activity of the placental system was not affected by additions in vitro of magnesium ion, nicotinamide, NADP or NAD, and was only very slightly inhibited when incubated under atmospheres of pure oxygen of carbon monoxide. Placental azo-linkage reduction was enhanced by addition in vitro of EDTA, reduced glutathione and glucose 6-phosphate. The addition in vitro of flavins resulted in a decreased rate of conversion of neoprontosil to sulfanilamide. Flavin mononucleotide appeared to possess the greatest inhibitory effect. The system was also inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. Comparisons of specific activities from homogenates of tissue obtained early in the gestational period vs. that obtained at term revealed no statistically significant differences. Studies on the mechanism of increased azo-linkage reduction revealed that an enzymicnonenzymic system involving d -glucose 6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phospho- d -gluconate: NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.44) could account for this increase in azo-linkage reduction.
Modal scattering: A key to understanding oceanic T‐waves

The excitation mechanism of oceanic T-waves has been a puzzle for almost fifty years, with refraction from a sloping seafloor and seafloor scattering as two of the most commonly invoked mechanisms. By representing the earthquake source field as a normal mode sum, it can be seen that both mechanisms are very closely related. Strict modal orthogonality prohibits the existence of T-waves in a laterally homogeneous semi-infinite half-space or radially symmetric sphere, as energy cannot be transferred from one mode to another in an homogeneous medium. Deterministic non-planar bathymetry, random boundary roughness, upper crustal heterogeneity, or a combination of these provides a physical mechanism to break the strict orthogonality. We show that modal scattering from the rough seabottom in the epicentral region converts energy from the directly excited ocean crustal/water column modes to the propagating acoustic modes comprising the oceanic T-wave. Submarine earthquake fault orientation also appears to be reflected in the T-wave excitation.
Distal IgA immunity can be sustained by α E β 7 + B cells in L-selectin −/− mice following oral immunization

Distal IgA immunity can be sustained by α E β 7 + B cells in L-selectin −/− mice following oral immunization
Feulgen-Positive Cytoplasm of Molgula Egg

THE Feulgen technique has been used with success for chromosome studies in whole mounts of the eggs of marine animals such as Arbacia and Chaetopterus 1. Hundreds of specimens can be fixed, stained and mounted in an hour or two—a fraction of the time and effort involved in an embedding-sectioning procedure.
Analysis of nonlinear sliding structures by modified stochastic linearization methods

Probabilistic characteristics of a sliding structure is investigated by using new versions of stochastic linearization technique. The structure is composed of base part and upper part, which are connected to each other in a spring-damping system. Coulomb friction between the base structure and earth ground is considered. Two alternative versions of stochastic linearization approach, suggested by X. Zhang and I. Elishakoff, respectively, are applied to such a sliding structure to evaluate its statistical properties. Compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation, the two new approaches are performing much better than the conventional one in their applications to the sliding structure. Moreover, numerical results indicate that the criterion proposed by Elishakoff turns out to be superior to all other versions in the problem under study. Numerical results also suggest that the entire structure may be replaced by the rigid body in the sliding problem as long as the difference of velocity responses are considered less important than those of displacement responses.
Fetal heart rate response to milk predicts expression of the stretch response.

Abstract On the day before birth, rat fetuses respond to an intraoral infusion of milk with a stretch response that resembles the behavior of suckling pups at the nipple. Unlike the postnatal response, which occurs coincident with milk ejection, the fetal stretch occurs 3–5 min after milk infusion. Measurement of fetal heart rate (HR) is useful as a predictor of the fetal stretch response. Expression of the stretch response was preceded by a reduction in HR variability and a transient episode of bradycardia. Fetuses that did not stretch showed a delayed reduction in HR variability and no evidence of HR deceleration. Systematic changes in fetal HR may be indicative of changes in fetal state associated with milk infusion and the stretch response.
Control of Mechanical Systems With Rolling Constraints: Application to Dynamic Control of Mobile Robots

There are many examples of mechanical systems that require rolling contacts between two or more rigid bodies. Rolling contacts engender nonholonomic constraints in an otherwise holonomic system. In this article, we develop a unified approach to the control of mechanical systems subject to both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. We first present a state space realization of a constrained system. We then discuss the input-output linearization and zero dynamics of the system. This approach is applied to the dynamic control of mobile robots. Two types of control algorithms for mobile robots are investigated: trajectory tracking and path following. In each case, a smooth nonlinear feedback is obtained to achieve asymptotic input-output stability and Lagrange stability of the overall system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control algorithms and to compare the performane of trajectory-tracking and path-following algorithms.
Ghosts of Camptown

Heinz Insu Fenkl’s Memories of My Ghost Brother (1996), a memoir of his childhood in the South Korean military camptown of Pupyong, opens appropriately enough with ghosts. In particular, the narrative begins with the ghost of a Japanese military officer who is rumored to have inhabited, in an earlier era of Japanese colonialism in Korea, the house into which young Insu, the first-person narrator, and his family move: “Before we moved in, we had heard rumors about why the rent was so low. Everyone said that the house had been built during the Japanese Annexation by a Colonel who tortured and murdered tens of thousands of Koreans for his amusement” (5). The rumors of this ghost become real when Insu sees and even speaks to the ghost of the Japanese Colonel. But rather than being cruel and vindictive, this ghost seems to Insu to be sad and lonely. The ghost—as well as the many other ghosts who inhabit the memoir—represents the unburied lingering effect of the everyday and pervasive experience of exacerbated death, or in other words, death that is not natural but is socially engineered, as a consequence of colonial and neocolonial violence. Memories of My Ghost Brother departs from the conventions of memoir in a variety of ways, not the least significant of which is the centrality of the magical, mythic events and portents that Fenkl matter-of-factly narrates as constituting his earliest experiences. In this strange and haunting narrative, the sex workers and their mixed-race children who inhabit Pupyong share their space with ghosts, goblins, and other mythical beings. Unlike the Latin American texts seen as most representative of the genre of magical realism, Fenkl’s text does not establish a realistic tone that is interrupted by magical or mythical events. Instead, the tone of the text is magical or mythical, and the incongruity emerges when the commonplace brutalities that characterize militarized sex work are represented in this otherworldly manner. I engage this novel’s deployment of form—focusing in particular on the strategy of embedding fantastical stories within the narrative structure and the ways in which the mystical or magical tone of these stories pervades the entire narrative—establishing a frame seemingly incongruous with the memoir’s setting within the routine cruelties of a town that exists to provide paid sex and other commodities to the US military. If a classically realist tone and linear narrative arc are the formal expressions of nationalist culture, the autobiographical novel’s
Free classification: element-level and subgroup-level similarity.

Subjects classified sets of multidimensional stimuli into two groups in any way they wished. The sets were composed of 6 or 12 stimuli: 2 or 4 instances of 3 different stimuli (e.g., 2 blue circles, 2 green circles, 2 red circles). There were striking individual differences in the preferred classification. Some subjects maximized the similarity between subgroups by matching the composition of the subgroups--one instance of each stimulus was placed in each group. The other subjects maximized the similarity among stimuli within each subgroup by placing similar stimuli in each group (the blues and greens in one group, the reds in the other). The nature of the stimuli as well as the relationships among the three stimuli had little effect on classification. In this case, cognitive styles specific to individuals but general across diverse dimensions and stimulus sets determined classification.
Characterization of the Lower-Molecular-Mass Fraction of Venoms from Dendroaspis Jamesoni Kaimosae and Micrurus Fulvius Using Capillary-Electrophoresis Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and selected ion-monitoring mass-spectrometric (SIM-MS) detection has been used to provide as much information as possible about the lower molecular-mass fraction (peptides of molecular masses up to 8500 Da) of the venoms of Dendroaspis jamesoni kaimosae (Jameson's Mamba) and Micrurus fulvius (Eastern Coral Snake). Method development was based on the venom of D. jamesoni kaimosae, which contains some previously described peptides, with subsequent application to the completely unknown venom of M. fulvius. CE-ESI-SIM-MS provides a rapid and extremely sensitive method for the detection and molecular-mass determination of peptides present in venoms. It has been utilized to provide molecular masses and thus, by inference, confirmation of the peptide compositions for those toxins which have been previously described in the literature. Our methodology indicates the presence of 83 peptides in the venom of D. jamesoni kaimosae and 49 peptides in the venom of M. fulvius in the molecular-mass range 6000-8500 Da.
Rheology and microstructure of mixtures of colloidal particles

The microstructure and flow properties of bimodal mixtures of charge-stabilized colloidal particles are investigated. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), an initially ordered lattice of monodisperse 220 nm diameter particles at a volume fraction near the order/disorder phase transformation boundary is observed to maintain long range orientational order with the addition of a small number density of 54 nm diameter particles. As the number density of these `defects` is increased, the colloidal crystal loses long range order abruptly. Changes in the rheological properties of these suspensions are correlated with changes in microstructure. The initially ordered lattice is a viscoelastic solid, but with the addition of a sufficient number density of `defects`, the suspension behaves as a purely viscous fluid. The changes in rheology and microstructure are not observed by simple dilution of the 220 nm particles. 22 refs., 5 figs.
Vasa Vasorum in the Carotid-Sinus of Atherosclerotic Monkeys - Implications for Baroreceptor Function

The carotid sinus is unusually susceptible to development of severe atherosclerotic lesions. The purposes of this study were to examine effects of atherosclerosis on blood flow through vasa vasorum in the carotid sinus and to examine responses to humoral stimuli. Blood flow to vasa in the carotid sinus was measured with microspheres in 8 normal and 9 atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys. Blood flow to vasa in intima-media (in ml/min per 100 g) was 0.5 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SE) in normal and 21 +/- 5 in atherosclerotic monkeys (P less than 0.05). Flow to adventitial vasa was 37 +/- 5 in normal monkeys and 50 +/- 7 in atherosclerotic monkeys (P greater than 0.05). Infusion of phenylephrine did not affect blood flow in normal or atherosclerotic monkeys. Infusion of serotonin did not affect blood flow to vasa in normal monkeys, but decreased flow to vasa in both intima-media and adventitia of atherosclerotic monkeys. In normal media, histological examination demonstrated the presence of a few vasa vasorum, which penetrated from adventitia. In atherosclerotic monkeys, medial vasa were much more frequent. Thus, (1) atherosclerosis produces marked increases in blood flow through vasa in intima-media of the carotid sinus, probably as a consequence of proliferation of vasa, and (2) in atherosclerotic monkeys, vasa constrict in response to serotonin. Based on these findings, we speculate that when serotonin is released as platelets aggregate at plaques in the carotid artery, serotonin may be delivered through vasa to nerves in the carotid sinus and thereby affect baroreceptor function.
Crystallization of networks under stress

A theory of crystallization under stress is developed about the premise that the direction a chain takes through a crystallite, relative to its end-to-end vector, is determined by the first few links of a chain that initially deposit onto the crystallite surface. Since these few links are quickly trapped by subsequently crystallizing chains, their orientational probability prior to deposition governs the chain direction through the crystallite, and the properties of the system depend upon a statistical distribution of all vector orientations. Such a model leads to a relationship between the melting temperature and the degree of network orientation, and relates the retractive force to temperature in the crystallization region. The theory appears to adequately describe some of the published data on rubber and polychloroprene networks.
Listeriosis Following Shigellosis

In 1987 an outbreak of illness due to Listeria monocytogenes occurred in Philadelphia. In contrast to previously studied outbreaks, no source of infection or vehicle of transmission could be identified, and several listerial strains were found to be involved. A hypothesis that was developed and eventually published suggests that clinical listeriosis may occur when individuals who are asymptomatic for listerial infection but whose gastrointestinal tract has been colonized by Listeria organisms become infected with another pathogen. The case of a farmer who developed a brain stem abscess due to L. monocytogenes following an episode of acute enteritis due to Shigella sonnei lends support to this hypothesis.
Respiratory abnormalities among photographic developers: A report of three cases

Photographic developing processes employ hazardous chemical substances, many with known adverse effects on the respiratory system. Three cases documenting respiratory symptoms and suggesting small airway abnormalities among photographic developers are reported. Work-related factors which might contribute to these findings, as well as public health implications, are discussed.
Solubilization and Stabilization of the Cytotoxic Agent Coralyne

Abstract Kinetic studies were carried out on the ring opening of the quaternary nitrogen cation, coralynium ion (I), to yield 6′-acetylpapaverine (III), on the cyclization of III to yield I, and on a photochemical reaction undergone by I in aqueous solutions exposed to visible light. From the results, it was concluded that: ( a ) I and III are in facile equilibrium in aqueous solution but appreciable amounts of III do not exist in dilute solutions with pH values below 10; ( b ) the photochemical reaction of I in water (presumably a photohydration) can be reversed by lyophilization, by heating, and by increasing the pH of solutions to values greater than 12; ( c ) the photochemical reaction of I can be inhibited by protecting the aqueous solutions from visible light, and the rate in the presence of light can be reduced by increasing the concentration of I in the solution; and ( d ) although the chloride and sulfoacetate salts of I react identically and have similar solubilities in water, it is possible to prepare more concentrated and, hence, more stable solutions of the sulfoacetate salt by including sodium hydroxide in the solvent. The solubility of coralyne chloride remains about the same in dilute sodium hydroxide as in water.
Postoperative pain following foot and ankle surgery: a prospective study.

Background Orthopaedic procedures have been reported to have the highest incidence of pain compared to other types of operations. There are limited studies in the literature that investigate postoperative pain.
A regional contrast in tax systems: Scandinavia and North America

That Scandinavians tax themselvesmore heavily thanmost others iswell known. But, their tax systems share other features as well which distinguish them from those of other nations. Inwhat follows, I compare and contrast the tax structures of the five Scandinavian countries with the three North American countries. Examined are the respective tax burdens, the historical development of these tax burdens, the imposition of taxes by level of government (national vs. local), as well as the composition of the tax systems. Also examined are the forces, both economic and non-economic, which tend to result in similar intra-regional tax structures, as well as some examples of behavioral responses where intraregional differences occur.
Modeling particle inflation from poly(amic acid) powdered precursors. III. Experimental determination of kinetic parameters

Several concurrent phenomena occur during the thermal inflation of poly(amic acid) precursor particles leading to polyimide foams as part of the solid-state powder foaming process. The precursor experiences bubble growth from within while volatiles desorb and the polymer itself increases its molecular weight and changes its backbone structure. These changes affect the transport properties of the material by modifying significantly the effective glass transition temperature, Tg. By studying the chemical transformations that take place during the inflation process (amidation and imidization reactions), a complete understanding of the material's molecular changes can be obtained and corresponding property changes can be followed. This article is the third of a series where the inflation of precursor materials for polyimide foams has been studied. The two previous articles in the series present numerical models that simulate the inflation process from first principles. In this article, the authors discuss the experimental and analytical methodologies employed to accurately characterize and incorporate the changes in material and transport properties as a function of the glass transition temperature. POLYM. ENG SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
The chemistry of fire ant venom

Abstract Five alkaloids, three trans-2-methyl-6-alkylpiperidines, and two unsaturated analogues, have been identified in the venom of the red form of the fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima. The compounds are represented by the structural formulae I–V. Each has been prepared synthetically. These compounds, which appear to be the sole constituents of the venom, are believed unique among animal venoms.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity in cultured cells by enzyme leakage

The measurement of cell injury or cytotoxicity produced by chemicals or toxicants in cell culture has routinely been evaluated by such criteria as plating efficiency, cell growth, protein or DNA synthesis, and cell viability. We describe a more sensitive and earlier index of cytotoxicity: leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes from injured cells into the culture medium.
Understanding digital cinema: introduction

This Handbook is devoted to an examination and explanation of this new process and the issues that arise in designing it.
Interface-Barrier-Induced J–V Distortion of CIGS Cells With Sputtered-Deposited Zn(S,O) Window Layers

Sputtered-deposited Zn(S,O) is an attractive alternative to CdS for the window layer of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells due to its higher band gap, which allows greater blue-photon collection. However, distortions to current-voltage ( J-V) curves are observed in some cases. A straightforward photodiode model with a secondary barrier at the Zn(S,O)/CIGS interface is employed to explain the physical mechanisms of the experimental J-V distortions. The primary contributor to the secondary barrier is the conduction-band offset (CBO), whose magnitude is determined by the oxygen fraction in Zn(S,O) and by the carrier density of Zn(S,O); the latter may be increased with indium-doping. Comparison of experimental and simulated J-V characteristics with variation in oxygen fraction, window carrier density, and temperature, allows a reasonably compelling test of the secondary-barrier model for this system.
Community structures in world perspective: Decline and transfiguration

Despite the relatively uniform images evoked by the word “community,” in the past several centuries the community structures within which persons live have been anything but stable. The penetration of industrialization, bureaucratization and urbanization into all areas of the world has resulted in the inexorable erosion not only of traditional values, but also of all older forms of traditional andGemeinschaft community structures. From the ruins of the past, however, entirely new community formations and ideologies have emerged. It is not entirely unexpected that these newer formations and ideologies are based on both mummified images of past traditions and on entirely new values and institutions provided by industrial civilization. We argue that the destruction of communities defined by past traditions and the emergence of new formations constitute a fundamental transformation in communal and community relationships.
Ultrastructural study of intracranial yolk sac tumor: With special reference to the oncologic phylogeny of germ cell tumors

Ultrastructural studies of yolk sac tumors (YST) have generally demonstrated the resemblance of this neoplasm to the primitive human yolk sac. However, these studies have failed to explain the common occurrence of mixed germ cell tumors with yolk sac elements. This report describes the ultrastructural features of a suprasellar YST. This tumor resembled those previously described. Also demonstrated, however, was the presence of primitive germ cells admixed within the neoplasm. A new schema is proposed based on these observations for the interrelationship of germ cell tumors, which may explain the common occurrence of mixed germ cell tumors.
Computing Local Surface Orientation and Shape from Texture forCurved Surfaces

Shape from texture is best analyzed in two stages, analogous to stereopsis and structure from motion: (a) Computing the ’texture distortion‘ from the image, and (b) Interpreting the ’texture distortion‘ to infer the orientation and shape of the surface in the scene. We model the texture distortion for a given point and direction on the image plane as an affine transformation and derive the relationship between the parameters of this transformation and the shape parameters. We have developed a technique for estimating affine transforms between nearby image patches which is based on solving a system of linear constraints derived from a differential analysis. One need not explicitly identify texels or make restrictive assumptions about the nature of the texture such as isotropy. We use non-linear minimization of a least squares error criterion to recover the surface orientation (slant and tilt) and shape (principal curvatures and directions) based on the estimated affine transforms in a number of different directions. A simple linear algorithm based on singular value decomposition of the linear parts of the affine transforms provides the initial guess for the minimization procedure. Experimental results on both planar and curved surfaces under perspective projection demonstrate good estimates for both orientation and shape. A sensitivity analysis yields predictions for both computer vision algorithms and human perception of shape from texture.