cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
University and urban school partnerships: An analysis of 57 collaborations between a university and a city school district

Interviews were conducted with program coordinators of 57 university-school district collaborative programs. Results were analyzed to better understand types of collaboration, school populations served, university divisions involved, longevity of collaborations, size of program staff and volunteers, numbers of students served, perceived goal accomplishment, quality of collaboration, institutional commitment, and help needed. Collaborations were found to be typically long standing, varied in type, serving large numbers of city school students, satisfying to university partners, and perceived as generally achieving their goals. Programs with high collaboration were judged to be more successful. Recommendations for improving university-school collaboration and for further research are described.
Localization and perching maneuver tracking for a morphing UAV

Autonomous vehicle control requires knowledge of the vehicle's states that often can only be estimated using sensor measurements. Several sensor types are typically used for the estimation process and each type often has its own sensing characteristics. This paper considers a novel morphing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is capable of changing its configuration in-flight and using aerodynamic forces to perform a perching maneuver. This maneuver could allow the UAV to perform planted landings and enable the vehicle to land in new locations, such as on building rooftops. However, this task requires the system controller to have accurate knowledge of vehicle states, especially with respect to the landing location. Visual sensors are required for identification of the landing site and to provide the relative positioning information that is critical for autonomous landings when uncertainty exists in the landing coordinates. Such information is unavailable from either a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or inertial measurements to sufficient accuracy. The key objective of this research is to develop a foundation for the control of an aircraft that is highly nonlinear. This paper investigates the use of a set of linear motion models to represent the full range of nonlinear dynamics for an aircraft performing a perching maneuver. Simulation data are presented and their results discussed.
BIG BLUESTEM RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER AND DEFOLIATION ON THE LOUISIANA COASTAL PLAIN

Although big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) is used for forage and conservation in the Great Plains, potentially useful Louisiana ecotypes have received little attention. Cloned plants from a robust big bluestem plant collected near Rosepine, LA were assessed for responses to fertilizer and defoliation in a field evaluation of potential forage value. Annual application of nitrogen fertilizer at 50 kg ha−1 did not increase herbage yield until the third year. Clipping twice annually decreased productivity compared to once annually after the second year. Fertilizer effects on forage nutritive value were small. Clipping improved late-season nutritive value largely due to greater stem development of previously undefoliated plants. Limited responsiveness to fertilization and detrimental effects of repeated defoliation on productivity indicate that even this robust local big bluestem ecotype provides little potential as a pasture plant. Potential is indicated for other uses including wildlife habitat and ...
Transformation Electromagnetics for Antenna Applications

In recent years, transformation electromagnetics has found potential applications in propagation, waveguiding, scattering, and radiation. For antenna applications, using transformation techniques, one can transform bulky antennas to low profile ones. In general, the resulting medium will be both inhomogeneous and anisotropic. In this chapter, we proposed a spherical core-shell structure which can achieve arbitrarily large directivity. We investigated the problem by finding the transformed constitutive tensors and solving the equivalent problem in the core-shell configuration. Using the Ricatti-Bessel functions, we can represent the field components with Debye potentials and subsequently solve for the fields in all regions. We applied the formulation to several cases of dipole arrays within the shell, corresponding to both free-space and half-space problems in the virtual space. Overall, the calculation demonstrated that the formation of virtual aperture is indeed theoretically possible and the effects of loss on the number of available spherical harmonics and directivity are investigated.
The influence of microstructure randomness on prediction of fiber properties in composites

Elastic properties were predicted for AS4, IM7, T300, and T650-35 graphite fibers. An inverse method was employed using lamina and epoxy properties taken from literature. Fiber properties predicted...
Feeding Moldy Corn to Young Chickens

Abstract Can moldy corn or low quality corn be fed to growing chicks? This problem confronts many poultry raisers who grow their own feed, especially in poor crop seasons. Although this is not a new problem, it is one upon which little work has been done. In the past there has been much confusion because of the interchanging of the terms “soft corn” and “moldy corn.” Moldy corn is that which is infected with fungous diseases or molds. It may be either mature corn or corn that has failed to mature properly. It appears that certain samples of corn may be very moldy and not be dangerous to use, while other samples of corn that do not seem to be of low quality may prove dangerous to use. A great many molds attack corn, including Aspergillus spp., Basisporium gallarum, Cephalosporium acremonium, Diplodia zeae, Fusarium culmorum var. leteius, Fusarium, moniliforme, Gibberella saubinetti, . . .
Technical communication and team teaching: making collaboration work

Collaboration represents an important paradigm for both engineering educators and professionals. The emphasis on teams is evident in recent journal articles as well as in the new Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology 2000 criteria. This focus only serves to highlight the lack of collaboration in the teaching of technical communication. Typically, courses in technical communication are taught outside the confines of technical departments, and students may never consult with a technical expert regarding the communication tasks assigned. There are exceptions, however. As a way to demonstrate the possibilities for collaboration, models of successful team teaching-from complete parity between communication and engineering to mentoring by technical faculty in collaboration with communication faculty-are outlined. Engineering and communication faculty who teach on a team model agree in principle that students are more likely to recognize the importance of technical communication if the teaching of technical communication is integrated into the technical content, rather than isolated from it. The paper offers preliminary assessments of the effectiveness of collaborative courses in comparison to traditional courses. Finally, the paper suggests the applicability of collaboration to all areas of engineering education, especially with regard to improving communication skills.
Ionic diffusion in frozen starch gels.

Quality changes in food frozen by different conditions and at different storage temperatures were demonstrated using a model system. A frozen starch gel represents a frozen food matrix, and ions in the external medium represent the reactant molecules. We determined the effective diffusion rates of Zn+2 ions into frozen starch gel cylinders that were frozen at different freezing rates. The diffusion was performed at −8° and −15°C. The amounts of ion diffused were determined by atomic absorption, whilst the structure of the frozen samples could be simultaneously determined by scanning electron microscopy. The effective diffusion rates were found to correlate with the amount of unfrozen portion of the samples. This suggests that ions move mainly through the unfrozen portion around the ice crystals. Fast- and slow-frozen samples exhibited significantly different effective diffusion rates at −15°C, which might be due to differences in size and orientation of ice crystals. Zn+2 ions moved slower at −158°C than at −8°C.
Secondary Prevention After Symptomatic Large Artery Intracranial Disease

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) of the major intracranial arteries (intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), and basilar artery (BA)) is considered one of the most important causes of stroke worldwide because it has a high rate of recurrence (Chimowitz et al., New Engl J Med 352(13):1305–1316, 2005) and because it is particularly prevalent in Asians, Blacks, Indians, Hispanics and in some Arabic countries (Gorelick et al., Stroke 39(8):2396–2399, 2008). These factors suggest that the global burden of stroke secondary to symptomatic ICAS will likely continue to increase as populations expand in those regions most affected by the disease (Gorelick et al., Stroke 39(8):2396–2399, 2008). Novel therapeutic approaches, including aggressive medical management of vascular risk factors have recently emerged for managing patients with this high-risk disease and have proven to reduce the rate of stroke recurrence (Derdeyn et al., Lancet 383(9914):333–341, 2014). Data from randomized clinical trials indicate that antiplatelet agents and intensive management of risk factors are superior to more aggressive treatments such as warfarin (Chimowitz et al., New Engl J Med 352(13):1305–1316, 2005) or stenting (Derdeyn et al., Lancet 383(9914):333–341, 2014; Chimowitz et al., New Engl J Med 365(11):993–1003, 2011) for preventing stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic ICAS. The results of these trials have not only changed the standard of care for patients with symptomatic ICAS but have also emphasized the need for further research on identifying those patients at highest risk of stroke from ICAS and on developing new therapies to lower the risk of stroke in these high risk patients. This chapter reviews the findings from these recent studies, focusing on the randomized therapeutic trials and provides practical therapeutic recommendations for patients with symptomatic ICAS.
Excess warehouse space allocation for cost reduction and customer service improvement

This paper proposes a heuristic approach to solving the problem of allocating surplus shelf and floor space in warehouses for the purpose of improving customer service as well as reducing costs. Frequently warehouse managers find themselves with surplus space and it may be possible to improve customer service and reduce costs by relocating some of the items to the surplus space. This may be particularly true after the receipt of a new shipment. In addition to relocating items in the primary warehouse, this paper also considers relocating items from secondary storage locations. A case study is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach and results are encouraging.
Use of Sugar Beet Foliage by the Introduced Leafmining Fly Amauromyza flavifrons (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Laboratory and field experiments investigated the use of a nontraditional host, Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet), by the leafminer Amauromyza flavifrons Meigen. In laboratory trials using leafminers from the northeastern United States where sugar beets are not grown commercially, female flies readily oviposited on B. vulgaris even when a commonly used host, Saponaria officinalis L., was present. However, larval mortality was significantly higher on B. vulgaris than on S. officinalis and occurred at an earlier instar. Larval mortality on S. officinalis was significantly correlated with the number of miners in each leaf, suggesting an effect of larval competition, whereas on B. vulgaris, larval mortality was independent of the number of miners in a leaf. Results from an experimental garden array in the northeastern United States showed that wild, unconfined A. flavifrons females will oviposit on B. vulgaris and confirmed substantial early larval mortality on this plant. Implications of female oviposition and larval mortality on B. vulgaris are discussed in terms of the probable spread of this fly to western sugar beet growing regions.
Measurement of field-free alignment of jet-cooled molecules by nonresonant femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing

A femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (fs-DFWM) technique for probing the alignment of molecules is described. The rotational wave packet generated by a strong pump beam modulates the nonresonant third-order susceptibility of the gas and this modulation is observed using a noncollinear background-free setup. As a demonstration of the technique, we measure the alignment of a linear molecule (nitrogen), a symmetric top (benzene), and an asymmetric top (iodobenzene) in a supersonic jet. The measured signal is shown to agree well with calculations of the nonresonant third-order susceptibility from the solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The pump-DFWM measurement scheme can be used with dilute jet-cooled targets, allows arbitrary pump pulses to be used, and is rapid enough to be incorporated into a feedback optimization loop. The scheme can easily be made polarization-sensitive, indicating the possibility of measuring and optimizing three-dimensional alignment of asymmetric-top molecules.
Based on Drillability Stratum of Layered Approach

According to well-logging data,the whole point of each measuring drillability can be got.In practical applications one by one to one point for each drillability is not possible to analyzd,can only according to drillability,well stratified the entire paragraph,and then for each well to carry out the analysis.There is a sample similar to one another according to the degree of classification theory in mathematics known as fuzzy clustering.People use the basic principle in geotechnical engineering carried out the classification of expansive soils,sand liquefaction and other seismic.Analyzing factors of multi-parameter fuzzy cluster,the raw log data to be measured and the nature of the distribution profiles similar to the fuzzy cluster reasonable strata combined.According to drillability,fuzzy cluster method for the well stratified section,calculate the average of each section of drillability,maximum and minimum drillability,and ultimately hierarchical.Implementation of this method will greatly increase the speed drilling,drilling cost will be greatly reduced.
Analysis On Malaria Epidemic Tendency And The Evaluation On The Control Measures From 2000 To 2008 In Bengbu City

Objective to analyze the malaria epidemic tendency in Bengbu and the effects of control measures,and provide the scientific basis for controlling malaria effectively.Method Related materials of malaria epidemic and its control from 2000 to 2008 were collected,analyzed and evaluated.Results After malaria incidence increased rapidly(4.02/10000) in 2001,the incidence reached 10.97/10000 in 2003 and 10.18/10000 in 2006.The epidemic peak appeared in August to September.Through a series measures,including supervision,control of the source of infection and so on,the incidence has fallen to 6.29/10000 in 2007 and 4.03/10000 in 2008.Conclusion The malaria incidence in Bengbu experiences three stages: low prevalence,high incidence and effective control.The most effective measure to control the malaria epidemic is to control the source of infection effectively.
The late recurrence of grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter after conservative therapy.

AbstractA case is presented of recurrent ureteral tumor occurring 16 years after conservative therapy. The literature is reviewed and the rational basis and results of conservative therapy are discussed.
Should there be a target level of docosahexaenoic acid in breast milk

Purpose of reviewThis article examines the evidence for and against establishing a target level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in breast milk.Recent findingsTwo target levels for milk DHA have been recently proposed. One (∼0.3% of milk fatty acids) was based on milk DHA levels achieved in women consu
African History in the United States

The growth of the study of the history of Africa south of the Sahara is an interesting example of contemporary intellectual developments. Until the mid-1950's African history was ignored by the historical profession in the United States even more completely than in Europe; and if an American historian had paused to consider why this was so, he would probably have anticipated Trevor-Roper's well-known verdict that the history of sub-Saharan Africa is undiscoverable (on the ground that it is not documented) and that, even if it were discoverable, it would be devoid of intellectual significance (on the ground that traditional African societies were barbarous and static). No professor with tenure at an American university was designated as a historian of sub-Saharan Africa; American publishers had produced very few books or articles dealing with African history, and Americans generally knew scarcely anything about it. There were, however, several pioneer activities which were on the periphery of African history. At Howard University there were long-established courses on Negro history, inspired by W. E. B. DuBois and Carter Woodson, which included some West African material, but the American historical establishment paid little attention to this work. William L. Hansberry, who lectured on precolonial African history for some years, was never given tenure by the Howard authorities and was eventually excluded from the faculty. At Northwestern University, Melville Herskovits founded a program of African Studies in 1947. He invited historians to attend the seminars conducted under the program, and he himself published a book on the kingdom of Dahomey and was interested in questions of change as well as structure in African societies. Nevertheless, Herskovits was by training and status an anthropologist, and the history department at Northwestern did not provide lecture courses or seminars on African history before 1958.
An asymptotic model for the spreading of a collimated beam

In this paper, the authors show, using asymptotics, that under conditions when the angular distribution is forward peaked, the transport equation can be reduced to an advection-diffusion equation for the scalar flux. This equation describes lateral diffusive spreading with depth of an initially collimated beam of arbitrary spatial cross section and is of particular significance when scattering is highly forward peaked. Numerical results for the scalar flux for a planar source (when lateral diffusion vanishes) and in the presence of strongly anisotropic scattering are contrasted with benchmark Monte Carlo results as well as with the scalar flux obtained from a novel modifed multiple scattering method. The authors observe that the asymptotic model is only accurate over distances small compared with the transport mean free path. It is conjectured that carrying the asymptotic expansions to higher orders or using a different asymptotic scaling might extend the accuracy of the asymptotic model to higher orders in the transport mean free path.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Behaviors on Follower Goal Commitment

This empirical study examines the connections between specific transformational leadership dimensions, and follower commitment to organizational goals. The constructs of follower self-efficacy, goa...
Hyper-Methylated Loci Persisting from Sessile Serrated Polyps to Serrated Cancers

Although serrated polyps were historically considered to pose little risk, it is now understood that progression down the serrated pathway could account for as many as 15%–35% of colorectal cancers. The sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) is the most prevalent pre-invasive serrated lesion. Our objective was to identify the CpG loci that are persistently hyper-methylated during serrated carcinogenesis, from the early SSA/P lesion through the later cancer phases of neoplasia development. We queried the loci hyper-methylated in serrated cancers within our rightsided SSA/Ps from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry, using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 k panel to comprehensively assess the DNA methylation status. We identified CpG loci and regions consistently hyper-methylated throughout the serrated carcinogenesis spectrum, in both our SSA/P specimens and in serrated cancers. Hyper-methylated CpG loci included the known the tumor suppressor gene RET (p = 5.72 x 10−10), as well as loci in differentially methylated regions for GSG1L, MIR4493, NTNG1, MCIDAS, ZNF568, and RERG. The hyper-methylated loci that we identified help characterize the biology of SSA/P development, and could be useful as therapeutic targets, or for future identification of patients who may benefit from shorter surveillance intervals.
O09.6 Integration of prep in an academic adolescent clinic & impact of prep use on sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates

Introduction US youth are disproportionately affected by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection and may impact sexual risk. Clinics that serve adolescents are one site proposed in reaching sexually active youth. We sought to: 1) describe the integration of PrEP into an adolescent clinic; and 2) examine impact of PrEP use on sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates. Methods Over 6 months, we integrated PrEP program into current family planning (FP) and HIV testing programs in an urban adolescent clinic. Patient lists were reviewed daily to identify those eligible for HIV testing/FP. Each eligible youth was asked about awareness of and interest in PrEP. We reviewed each chart to examine the PrEP cascade including: awareness, receipt of information, referral and referral acceptance, and PrEP use. We then examined whether PrEP use impacted rates of STI, comparing proportion of youth on PrEP with an STI in the 6 months before and after PrEP. Results 234 youth were approached as part of the the HIV/FP program. The mean age was 17.7 (S.D. 3.0), 232 were black (99%), 101 were males (43%), 133 were females (57%), 2 transgender (1%), and 24 self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) (10%). Among the 234 youth seen, 17 (7.2%) were aware of PrEP, 49 (21%) received information, and 33 (14%) were referred for PrEP. Among those referred, 24 (73%) accepted referral and 15 (45%) initiated PrEP. Rates of STI decreased from 60% (n=9) at baseline/6 months prior to 13% in the 6 months after PrEP (p=0.02). Conclusions Few sexually active youth in this setting were aware of PrEP. Coupling HIV testing/FP with an assessment of interest in PrEP and referral to PrEP services may be one access point in increasing knowledge and use of PrEP.
Preventive Kidney Stones: Continue Medical Education

Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem across the globe with a prevalence of 15%–20%. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common cause of nephrolithiasis, and calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of stones in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients. Calcium phosphate stones are frequently associated with other diseases such as renal tubular acidosis type 1, urinary tract infections, and hyperparathyroidism. Compared with flat abdominal film and renal sonography, a noncontrast helical computed tomography scan of the abdomen is the diagnostic procedure of choice for detection of small and radiolucent kidney stones with sensitivity and specificity of nearly 100%. Stones smaller than 5 mm in diameter often pass the urinary tract system and rarely require surgical interventions. The main risk factors for stone formation are low urine output, high urinary concentrations of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, and uric acid compounded by a lower excretion of magnesium and citrate. A complete metabolic workup to identify the risk factors is highly recommended in patients who have passed multiple kidney stones or those with recurrent disease. Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones are treated by the use of thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, and potassium citrate. Strategies to prevent kidney stone recurrence should include the elimination of the identified risk factors and a dietary regimen low in salt and protein, rich in calcium and magnesium which is coupled with adequate fluid intake.
Changes in cropland area in the United States and the role of CRP

Abstract An understanding of the main drivers of land-use change is critical for policy recommendations that aim to meet the challenge of food and environmental security over the coming decades. Here we show that agricultural policy exerts substantial influence on cropland area in the United States through administration of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Looking at changes in the CRP over time and an understanding of how the program is managed suggest that the government adjusts enrolled acres in response to changing market conditions to achieve supply management objectives and due to budgetary reasons. The projected decrease of 12.8 million acres of CRP from 2007 to 2017 is estimated to decrease corn and soybean prices by 8.9% and 5.4%, while a hypothetical return to 2007 CRP acreage is estimated to increase corn and soybean prices by 12.0% and 7.3%.
Relativistic jets: An astrophysical laboratory for the Doppler effect

Special Relativity is one of the most abstract courses in the standard curriculum for physics majors, and therefore practical applications or laboratory exercises are particularly valuable for providing real-world experiences with this subject. This course poses a challenge for lab development because relativistic effects manifest themselves only at speeds close to the speed of light. The laboratory described in this paper constitutes a low-cost, low-barrier exercise suitable for students whose only background is the standard mechanics-plus-electromagnetism sequence. The activity uses research-quality astronomical data on SS433—a fascinating Galactic X-ray binary consisting of a compact object (a neutron star or a black hole) and a normal star. A pair of moderately relativistic jets moving with v ∼ 0.3 c in opposite directions emanate from the vicinity of the compact object and are clearly detected in optical and radio observations. Following step-by-step instructions, students develop a full kinematic mo...
Measurement and Simulation of the Scattering of Ultrasound by Penetrable Cylinders

Scattering of ultrasound occurs when a propagating wave encounters variations in some intrinsic property, such as density compressibility or absorption, of the propagation medium. Scattering is manifested as a change in the spatial distribution (and, in the case of absorption, the total amount) of the ultrasonic energy. There are four distinct components to be considered in any scattering problem.
Independent Local Lists in East and West Germany

Since 1945, independent local lists have been an established part of the local political system in Germany, with conspicuous strongholds in Southern Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Wurttemberg). After successful years in the formative phase of the German party system, followed by a weak period, independent lists went through a remarkable revival over the last two decades. Today, local lists are a regular feature in West Germany’s political landscape and successful in every state, while still maintaining strongholds in the south. Also, in East Germany, they were able to establish themselves almost effortlessly after 1990. Apparently, this happened without personal, financial, and organisational help from the West as it was the case for the party system, whose (re)formation after 1990 was part of the institutional transfer from the West to the East. In East Germany, these local lists became an integral part in the process of societal re-organisation and political reformation after the collapse of 1989–90. But despite of this almost area-wide presence of non-partisan local lists in East and West Germany, there is very little research in this field.
Large Sample Results for Likelihood-Based Methods

Most large sample results for likelihood-based methods are related to asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator b MLE under standard regularity conditions. In this chapter we discuss these results. If consistency of b MLE is assumed, then the proof of asymptotic normality of b MLE is straightforward. Thus we start with consistency and then give theorems for asymptotic normality of b MLE and for the asymptotic chi-squared convergence of the likelihood-based tests TW,TS, and TLR. Recall that Strong consistency of b MLE means b MLE converges with probability one to the true value, and weak consistency of b MLE refers to b MLE converging in probability to the true value..
Semantics in Role and Reference Grammar

Semantics plays a central role in Role and Reference Grammar. The aspects of semantics in RRG that are addressed herein are (1) the lexical representation of verbs and other predicating elements, which is a system of lexical decomposition reflecting the verb's Aktionsart; (2) semantic roles, of which there are two types, specific thematic relations and generalized semantic roles called semantic macroroles; (3) the role of the lexicon in grammar; and (4) interclausal semantic relations (such as causation, purposive, jussive, and psych-action), their semantic representation, and their interaction with syntactic interclausal relations.
Analytical Approach for the Power Management of Blended Mode PHEV

The analytical approach can take on the responsibility of minimizing fuel consumption of the HEV and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) through optimal analytical solutions. This chapter analyzes a parallel PHEV with detailed specifications for fuel rate modeling at the beginning. Then based on this mathematical model, the simplified and unified analytical power solutions to the optimization problem (minimizing fuel consumption) are derived. The results show that the fuel economy can be improved definitely for HEVs and PHEVs at the optimal power solutions. This strategy guarantees the optimal solutions for constant battery energy which is the only discussed operation strategy in this chapter since it’s more efficient than the constant engine power strategy.
The Development of Representative Government

New commissions and new situations — The decline in UNTCOK’s influence never was to be recovered by the two succeeding Commissions, although they had the power to consult with the Republic of Korea. The Republic in the two succeeding years behaved as an independent and sovereign nation and accepted advice only when it asked for it. The United States, which gave large amounts of economic assistance to the young Republic, clearly was in a position to offer presuasive counsel which should be accepted without great debate. The United Nations Commissions had only advice to give and the General Assembly hardly indicated with clarity in which situations it should be given. It rather left it to the Republic to ask for consultation on the development of representative institutions.
Treatment, outcomes and prognostic factors of angiosarcoma of breast: A 25 year single institution experience.

e22540Background: Primary (PAS) and secondary angiosarcoma (SAS) of breast account for < 1% of all breast neoplasms. SAS develops following radiation therapy (RT) to the breast or chest wall for tr...
Asymptotic and positivity preserving methods for Kerr-Debye model with Lorentz dispersion in one dimension

Abstract In this paper, we continue our recent developments in [4] , [5] to devise numerical methods that have important provable properties to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in nonlinear optical media. Particularly, we consider the one dimensional Kerr-Debye model with the Lorentz dispersion, termed as the Kerr-Debye-Lorentz model, where the nonlinearity in the polarization is a relaxed cubic Kerr type effect. The polarization also includes the linear Lorentz dispersion. As the relaxation time e goes to zero, the model will approach the Kerr-Lorentz model. The objective of this work is to devise and analyze asymptotic preserving (AP) and positivity preserving (PP) methods for the Kerr-Debye-Lorentz model. Being AP, the methods address the stiffness of the model associated with small e, while capturing the correct Kerr-Lorentz limit as e → 0 on under-resolved meshes. Being PP, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility will stay non-negative and this is important for the energy stability. In the proposed methods, the nodal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of arbitrary order accuracy are applied in space to effectively handle nonlinearity; in time, several first and second order methods are developed. We prove that the first order in time fully discrete schemes are AP, PP and also energy stable. For the second order temporal accuracy, a novel modified exponential time integrator is proposed for the stiff part of the auxiliary differential equations modeling the electric polarization, and this is a key ingredient for the methods to be both AP and PP. In addition to a straightforward discretization of the constitutive law, we further propose a non-trivial energy-based approximation, with which the energy stability is also established mathematically. Numerical examples are presented that include an ODE example, a manufactured solution, the soliton-like propagation and the propagation of Sech signal in fused bulk silica, to compare the proposed methods and to demonstrate the accuracy, AP and PP property. The effect of the finite relaxation time e in the model is also examined numerically.
Hydrogen-Bonded Tetramers of Carbamazepine

In this study, the pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) and the related molecule dibenzazepine (DBZ) are prepared on the Au(111) surface and visualized using scanning tunneling microscopy. Monolayers...
A field with a view: Ethical considerations for the fields of consumer neuroscience and neuromarketing

Abstract Over close to 2 decades, neuromarketing has grown into a widely accepted discipline in brand research. Harnessing theoretical principles from consumer neuroscience as well as applied measures from the decision and affective neurosciences, the field of neuromarketing is well equipped to explain and predict consumption behaviors. In this way, neuromarketing is a unique field that draws from niche neuroscience-oriented disciplines by focusing on the consumer and the innumerable factors that affect individual preferences and consumption behavior. That said, as these theories and methodologies from neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral studies continue to be applied to client-oriented business solutions, novel ethical concerns have arisen regarding the implications of their use. Among these concerns are (a) citizen privacy rights when stand-off crowd sourced data are collected, (b) development and adherence to protocols concerning incidental findings encountered during data collection, (c) ramifications of unintended inferences being made at the level of the individual when data are derived from triangulated information sources, (d) determination of genetics based consumption preferences and (e) establish intellectual property rights when academically-oriented research tools from neuroscience are involved. As a “pracademic,” that is, an individual with both an academic and a commercial role, I will focus discussion on case-oriented examples related to application-based ethical questions derived from the emerging field of neuromarketing, using examples from government, academia and industry.
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: To Fix or Not to Fix.

Abstract Optimal interventional planning for ischemic mitral regurgitation, initially known as papillary muscle dysfunction syndrome, has been a matter of debate for decades. The primary challenge constitutes the selection of patients who will benefit from an intervention. In this E-challenge, the authors present a unique case with discrepancies in evaluation of severity of mitral valve regurgitation using qualitative visual assessment and the semiquantitative vena contracta method. Therefore, the authors have used an innovative approach involving R-wave–gated 3-dimensional imaging for quantitative valve analysis and assessment of the degree of valvular remodeling to assist in decision-making.
Endpoints Method to Predict Microbial Survival, Nutrients Degradation, and Quality Loss at High and Ultra High Temperatures

The traditional methods to predict and assess the safety of a sterilization or pasteurization process are based on kinetic models whose parameters are extracted from the experimental isothermal survival curves of the targeted organism or spore, preferably determined in the actual food. The temperatures encountered in ultra high temperature (UHT) and other high temperature short time (HTST) thermal preservation processes can reach 120–160 °C. Since substantial inactivation occurs during the come-up time, creating meaningful isothermal conditions for a very short time at such temperatures is not a feasible option. Extrapolation from lower temperatures or long exposures in the order of several minutes is also not a satisfactory solution. The same is true for the study of the accompanying chemical reactions’ kinetics, be they the degradation of nutrients, notably vitamins or pigments, and the formation of undesirable compounds, such as the various Maillard reaction’s products.
Superior TWC Activity of Rh Supported on Pyrochlore-Phase Ceria Zirconia

Abstract Ceria-zirconia (CZO) materials remain as a crucial component of today’s three-way catalysts (TWC). To meet increasing stringent emission standards, pyrochlore-phase CZO (pyr-CZO) was examined as a superior oxygen storage capacity (OSC) material over traditional tetragonal-phase CZO (t-CZO) used in today’s automotive catalysts. By reducing t-CZO at 1200 °C in H2, 50 % of the pyrochlore phase was formed in which an optimized balance of increased OSC / oxygen release rate (ORR) and adequate surface area was achieved. We further demonstrate that the addition of 0.1 wt% Rh onto pyr-CZO dramatically improves the TWC performance of Rh over traditional Rh/t-CZO catalysts, improving NO and alkane conversions while eliminating mass transfer limitations. In addition, increased OSC is observed for Rh/pyr-CZO-1200 °C catalysts without sacrificing ORR and water-gas shift (WGS) activity. The robustness of pyrochlore materials is demonstrated after redox aging at 910 °C, illustrating the implementation of pyrochlore as a support for Rh as viable.
Structures of the human mitochondrial ribosome recycling complexes reveal distinct mechanisms of recycling and antibiotic resistance

Ribosomes are recycled for a new round of translation initiation by dissociation of ribosomal subunits, messenger RNA and transfer RNA from their translational post-termination complex. Mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (RRFmt) and a recycling-specific homolog of elongation factor G (EF-G2mt) are two proteins with mitochondria-specific additional sequences that catalyze the recycling step in human mitochondria. We have determined high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the human 55S mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) in complex with RRFmt, and the mitoribosomal large 39S subunit in complex with both RRFmt and EF-G2mt. In addition, we have captured the structure of a short-lived intermediate state of the 55S*RRFmt*EF-G2mt complex. These structures clarify the role of a mitochondria-specific segment of RRFmt in mitoribosome recycling, identify the structural distinctions between the two isoforms of EF-Gmt that confer their functional specificity, capture recycling-specific conformational changes in the L7/L12 stalk-base region, and suggest a distinct mechanistic sequence of events in mitoribosome recycling. Furthermore, biochemical and structural assessments of the sensitivity of EF-G2mt to the antibiotic fusidic acid reveals that the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance for EF-G2mt is markedly different from that exhibited by mitochondrial elongation factor EF-G1mt, suggesting that these two homologous mitochondrial proteins have evolved diversely to negate the effect of a bacterial antibiotics.
Actual and Perceived Risk: A Review of the Literature

Behavioral and social scientists in several countries are currently grappling with several people-related questions: What factors influence individual perceptions of risk? What accounts for anomalies in the way individuals and groups behave when faced with ostensibly comparable risks--such as the risks of nuclear power, dam failures, or earthquakes? What weight should decision makers attach to public perceptions of risk in determining how safe is safe enough? Are there ways to increase our capacity for dealing with technological risks in a rational manner?
The Potassium Channel of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Publisher Summary This chapter describes potassium channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and summarizes the conclusions that can be validly drawn about its operation. Several tentative conclusions can be drawn about its physical structure; the physiological function of the channel, and its relation to excitation-contraction coupling, remain unknown. The channel has, however, provided an exceptionally clear example of the way in which an integral membrane channel protein can function how such channels conduct ions, and how their most basic processes of opening and closing might work. The chapter, therefore, focuses on the mechanistic aspects of the channel, as studied in isolated SR membrane systems. Two broad approaches are used in the chapter to study the properties of the SR potassium+ channels: insertion into planar bilayers and direct flux measurements on isolated SR vesicles. Historically, these two lines of attack have been pursued in parallel by different groups; only recently have efforts been made to relate the properties observed in the two systems in a serious way.
Privacy Preserving Market Basket Data Analysis

Randomized Response techniques have been empirically investigated in privacy preserving association rule mining. However, previous research on privacy preserving market basket data analysis was solely focused on support/ confidence framework. Since there are inherent problems with the concept of finding rules based on their support and confidence measures, many other measures (e.g., correlation, lift, etc.) for the general market basket data analysis have been studied. How those measures are affected due to distortion is not clear in the privacy preserving analysis scenario. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy (in terms of bias and variance of estimates) of estimates of various rules derived from the randomized market basket data and present a general framework which can conduct theoretical analysis on how the randomization process affects the accuracy of various measures adopted in market basket data analysis. We also show several measures (e.g., correlation) have monotonic property, i.e., the values calculated directly from the randomized data are always less or equal than those original ones. Hence, some market basket data analysis tasks can be executed on the randomized data directly without the release of distortion probabilities, which can better protect data privacy.
Islam, Sectarianism and Politics in Sudan Since the Mahdiyya

Part 1 Islamization: Sufism and holy families Islam and state under the Turkiyya, 1820-1881 social, economic and geo-political factors leading to revolt. Part 2 The Mahdist state, 1881-1898: background to the Mahdiyya the path leading to revolt Muhammad Ahmad b. 'Abdallah, the Mahdi the Mahdist state under the Khalifa 'Abdullahi laying the foundations of Mahdist administration. Part 3 Religious policy under the condominium: laying the foundations, 1899-1918 the emergence of neo-Mahdism the path to independence, 1939-1955. Part 4 Independent Sudan, 1956-1989: statehood and constitution-making the Islamic path, 1977-85 the Ansar-Umma in politics, 1954-86 the Muslim brothers and Numayri the third democratic interlude, 1986-9. Part 5 Epilogue: the Islamist coup and the NIF-military coalition Islam and democracy.
Development of the mouse hematopoietic system: I. Types of hemoglobin produced in embryonic yolk sac and liver

The hemoglobin pattern of embryonic and adult mice (strains C3H and C57 and the F1 hybrids) was determined (both in vivo and after in vitro cultivation of hematopoietic organs) by a modified method of acrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the embryos of all the mice studied, the same four hemoglobin bands were observed until day 13 of gestation, when adult hemoglobins began to appear. The alteration to the adult pattern was completed by day 17. All the adult animals had two hemoglobin bands in common; strain C3H and the hybrids, (C3H × C57) F1 and (C57 × C3H) F1, shared one additional hemoglobin band not found in strain C57. The description of a cell type which may be an early precursor of hematopoietic cells was given. Only the embryonic type of hemoglobin appeared after electrophoresis of yolk sac (cultured in vitro), and only the adult type of hemoglobin was found in liver (in vivo or cultured in vitro). It was suggested that the environment at the site of hematopoiesis determines the type of hemoglobin produced.
Shaped reflector beam waveguide and high gain antenna systems

In this paper the problem of synthesizing dual reflector antennas for both amplitude and phase control of the final aperture distribution is discussed. An approximate procedure for the offset synthesis problem is presented and applications of the procedure to the shaping of beam waveguides and reflectors for high-gain antenna systems are illustrated.
Health Conditions and Functional Status in Adults with Autism: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation.

BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have many well-known health concerns, yet health conditions in adults with ASD remain poorly defined.
Splenectomy (Open) for Disease

Idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Hereditary spherocytosis/elliptocytosis. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Primary splenic lymphoma. Myelofibrosis. (Other)
Asynchronous document dissemination in dynamic ad hoc networks

This paper presents a document-oriented model for information dissemination in dynamic ad hoc networks, such as those composed of highly mobile and volatile communicating devices (e.g. laptops and PDAs). This model relies on an asynchronous, peer-to-peer propagation scheme where documents can be cached on intermediate devices, and be later sent again –either spontaneously or on demand– in the network.
Gross Structure of the Fat Globule Membrane of Cow's Milk

Abstract Washed cream was stirred at 25 C and centrifuged to separate the cream and aqueous layers. Water was added each time as the process was repeated until the cream phase inverted. The butter was melted and the aqueous portion isolated. All aqueous portions were centrifuged at 50,000 G for 90 min at 4 C. Supernatants were adjusted to pH 4.9 and the aggregated lipoproteins isolated. The outer layer of the membrane desorbed from the cream accounted for 54.4% of the membrane. It consisted of reddish-brown pellets high in protein, low in lipid, and fluffy-white supernatant aggregates low in protein and high in lipid. The inner layer accounted for 44.6% of the total membrane. Three lipoprotein aggregates were separated by centrifugation. A greenish-white pellet was high in protein and low in lipid. The supernatant aggregates were low in protein and high in lipid. An interfacial portion was high in protein and low in lipid. Phospholipids in all fractions consisted of lecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. Phospholipids were high in 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and long-chain saturated acids, whereas the neutral lipids were high in 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 acids. Slip points of the neutral lipids in all fractions varied from 30 to 47 C.