cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digitization of biomimetic vision sensor based on the common housefly (Musca Domestica)

In comparison to traditional camera-eye visual system of mammals such as human beings, the compound vision system of a common house fly, Musca domestica, is capable of enhanced motion detection and tracking. Most computer vision systems today have higher spatial resolution but lower motion detection and tracking capabilities when compared to compound vision. In applications requiring obstacle avoidance and quick visual data processing, compound vision is more suitable as compared to normal mammalian inspired vision systems. Proof-of-concept has shown that even without using a computer processing system, compound vision sensors can mimic the motion hyperacuity characteristic of the fly’s visual system and at the same time provide near instantaneous edge detection and motion tracking results. While these early prototypes were successfully implemented in device-level analog components, we were interested in determining if a similar system could be implemented as an embedded system. The first step of this process is determining the best way to digitize the signals without losing the key feature of compound vision, motion hyperacuity.
Designing MEG Experiments

With well-designed experiments, the exquisite temporal resolution of MEG allows investigators to track the temporal progression of cortical activity throughout the brain during sensory and cognitive tasks and further allows investigators to capture the interplay between the nodes of the cortical network activity underlying brain function. Because of this high temporal resolution, a number of considerations must be considered to obtain good quality MEG data. These considerations include: recording parameters, participant considerations, stimulus equipment and timing reliability, stimulus parameters and temporal sensitivity of the response. This chapter reviews the common instrumentation parameters, peripheral equipment that provides the precise timing needed for MEG experiments, and participant-monitoring equipment that provides complementary information for data quality and data interpretation purposes. Modality-specific (auditory, visual, tactile and motor) factors to consider during data collection are also discussed.
Obamacare What We Know Now

For all intents and purposes, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, has been fully implemented. And while much of the media coverage has been dominated by the technical failures of the program’s initial rollout, we are also learning much about the impact of health care reform on employers, providers, patients, taxpayers, and individual consumers. Much of this was suspected even before the law was passed, but it is now becoming clear as implementation moves forward. For example: ● Millions of Americans who are happy with their current health insurance will not be able to keep it; ● Americans may find it difficult to keep their current doctor unless they are willing to pay more; ● While there will be both winners and losers when it comes to the cost of insurance, millions of Americans will find themselves paying higher premiums or facing higher out-of-pocket expenses; ● The law’s final cost is difficult to predict, but is likely to exceed early projections; ● Far fewer Americans will be covered than expected, leaving millions still uninsured; ● The law is already having serious economic consequences and will likely lead to a loss of jobs and slower economic growth; and ● There is a significant danger that young and healthy people will not enroll, leading to an "adverse selection death spiral."In short, the more we have learned about ACA, the more it looks like its critics were right. The law’s problems go far beyond a failed website. By imposing a bureaucratic, centralized, top-down approach to health care reform, Obamacare has created far more problems than it solved.
Daytime Data and LSTM can Forecast Tomorrow’s Stress, Health, and Happiness

Accurately forecasting well-being may enable people to make desirable behavioral changes that could improve their future well-being. In this paper, we evaluate how well an automated model can forecast the next-day’s well-being (specifically focusing on stress, health, and happiness) from static models (support vector machine and logistic regression) and time-series models (long short-term memory neural network models (LSTM)) using the previous seven days of physiological, mobile phone, and behavioral survey data. We especially examine how using only a portion of the day’s data (e.g. just night-time, or just daytime) influences the forecasting accuracy. The results show that accuracy is improved, across every condition tested, by using an LSTM instead of using static models. We find that daytime-only physiology data from wearable sensors, using an LSTM, can provide an accurate forecast of tomorrow’s well-being using students’ daily life data (stress: 80.4%, health: 86.0%, and happiness: 79.1%), achieving the same accuracy as using data collected from around the clock. These findings are valuable steps toward developing a practical and convenient well-being forecasting system.
Adolescents in Policing Systems

Police often must deal with juveniles and face challenges when dealing with them: juveniles commit a significant percentage of offenses; juveniles have more negative attitudes toward police; and juveniles have peculiar vulnerabilities that hamper police responses to them. Despite these challenges, the rights of juveniles in policing contexts have not been the subject of considerable developments that would distinguish them from those of adults. The juvenile court revolution leading to the creation of a different system for responding to juveniles’ offending, for example, did not reach police. This chapter examines the failed development through search and seizure (4th Amendment) cases as well as those dealing with interrogation (5th Amendment). This line of cases reveals a recent development that does recognize how vulnerable juveniles might need additional protections, but a close look at those cases still reveals limited developments. Despite efforts to recognize juveniles’ potentially different needs, this area of law highlights the challenge of developing rights specifically for juveniles mainly because of the need to give police power to apprehend offenders, fight crime and protect society, which inevitably gives law enforcement considerable discretion to deal with juveniles as they would adults.
Donor-to-recipient weight ratio is a risk factor for hepatic artery thrombosis after whole-liver transplantation in children under 25 kg.

Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) following pediatric liver transplantation increases morbidity and risk of graft failure. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent deceased-donor liver transplantation from August 2002 to July 2016. Multi-organ transplant recipients were excluded. We examined the incidence of HAT at our institution and sought to identify associated donor or recipient risk factors. A total of 127 deceased-donor liver transplant patients with a median age of 1.7 years (IQR 0.67-6.7) were identified. Of those, 14 developed HAT, all weighing under 25 kg. Among 100 patients under 25 kg, whole-liver graft recipients had an odds ratio of 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 15.34; P = .045) for developing HAT compared with split-liver graft recipients. Within the whole-liver recipient group under 25 kg, 11 patients developed HAT with a median donor-to-recipient ratio (DRWR) of 0.9 (IQR: 0.7-1.2) compared with a median DRWR of 1.4 (IQR: 1.1-1.9) for those who did not develop HAT. Multivariate analysis showed DRWR to be an independent risk factor for HAT in patients weighing under 25 kg who received whole organ grafts, with an odds ratio of 3.89 (95% CI: 1.43, 10.54; P = .008) for each 0.5 unit decrease in DRWR. Our results suggest that in recipients under 25 kg 1) split-liver grafts may have a lower rate of HAT and 2) selecting whole organ donors with a higher DRWR may decrease the incidence of HAT.
Structure activity relationship (SAR) maps: A student-friendly tool to teach medicinal chemistry in integrated pharmacotherapy courses.

Abstract Background and purpose Courses that integrate pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacotherapy are widely implemented in pharmacy curriculums. The integration of medicinal chemistry is often challenging given the difficulty of material and time constraints. The objective of this pedagogical approach is to utilize structure activity relationship (SAR) maps as visual aids to teach students medicinal chemistry in an integrated course. Educational setting SAR maps were designed and implemented within an integrated course focusing on cardiopulmonary diseases. Specific SAR maps used in lecture and class activities included phenylethylamines (adrenergic agonists (i.e. bronchodilators)) and aryloxypropanolamines (beta blockers). Students were assessed in class activities (formative) and exams (high stakes) for specific information surrounding drug structure and the SAR map. Drug properties assessed included essential pharmacophores, pharmacodynamics, physiochemical properties, metabolism, duration of action, and decision-making. Findings Results from assessment item analysis reveal that students performed well on medicinal chemistry questions related to the SAR maps (~90% correct on first exam). Students revealed in a survey that the SAR maps enhanced their understanding of medicinal chemistry concepts. Summary SAR maps are effective tools that visually teach students key concepts in medicinal chemistry. This millennial student-friendly tool is time-effective and promotes learning as opposed to drug structure memorization. The SAR map can be easily implemented in other integrated courses focused on various disease states.
The Effects of Stellar Companions on the Observed Transiting Exoplanet Radius Distribution

Understanding the distribution and occurrence rate of small planets was a fundamental goal of the Kepler transiting exoplanet mission, and could be improved with K2 and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Deriving accurate exoplanetary radii requires accurate measurements of the host star radii and the planetary transit depths, including accounting for any "third light" in the system due to nearby bound companions or background stars. High-resolution imaging of Kepler and K2 planet candidate hosts to detect very close (within ~0.”5) background or bound stellar companions has been crucial for both confirming the planetary nature of candidates, and the determination of accurate planetary radii and mean densities. Here we present an investigation of the effect of close companions, both detected and undetected, on the observed (raw count) exoplanet radius distribution. We demonstrate that the recently detected "gap" in the observed radius distribution (also seen in the completeness-corrected distribution) is fairly robust to undetected stellar companions, given that all of the systems in the sample have undergone some kind of vetting with high-resolution imaging. However, while the gap in the observed sample is not erased or shifted, it is partially filled in after accounting for possible undetected stellar companions. These findings have implications for the most likely core composition, and thus formation location, of super-Earth and sub-Neptune planets. Furthermore, we show that without high-resolution imaging of planet candidate host stars, the shape of the observed exoplanet radius distribution will be incorrectly inferred, for both Kepler- and TESS-detected systems.
How Absolute Is the Absolute Priority Rule in Bankruptcy? The Case for Structured Dismissals

This article challenges the view that the absolute priority rule applies to a “structured dismissal” in a chapter 11 bankruptcy case, namely a court-approved settlement of certain claims by or against the debtor followed by the dismissal of the case. Under that view, the bankruptcy court cannot approve a settlement that makes a distribution to holders of junior claims unless it also provides for payment of all senior claims in full. The Supreme Court will consider the question this fall in Czyzewski v. Jevic Holding Corp. (In re Jevic Holding Corp.).The view that a structured dismissal must follow the absolute priority rule in all instances overstates the role of the rule under the current Code. Congress has circumscribed the absolute priority rule repeatedly, first under the Bankruptcy Act and then under the Bankruptcy Code, for more than sixty years. As a result, the absolute priority rule is a special, limited rule that does not pervade the current Code.This article concludes that a bankruptcy court has the authority under the Code to approve a structured dismissal in a chapter 11 case when it is in the best interest of creditors, even if distributions among unsecured creditors are not in accordance with the absolute priority rule. Accordingly, the Supreme Court should resolve the current circuit split on this point in favor of permitting the structured dismissal.
Metamorphosis and the Taxonomy of Musical Instruments

It’s the year 1740. The viol, recently favored instrument of the French aristocracy, has been losing admirers while the violin has been gaining them. As a viol enthusiast, you wish to make a persua...
A Survey of MLIS Student Experiences with Graduate Employment in Libraries

Despite the general consensus that field experience during library school is important for applying theory to practical situations, there is a lack of understanding about what students want from, a...
Emotions and the Systematization of Connective Labor

A profusion of jobs has arisen in contemporary capitalism involving ‘connective labor’, or the work of emotional recognition. Yet the expansion of this interpersonal work occurs at the same time as...
Orientation of Transatlantic Migrants

Observations from a network of radars on ships and on islands in the western North Atlantic Ocean and on the eastern coast of North America suggest that successful autumnal migrants moving between North and South America utilize simple compass orientation and do not require bicoordinate navigation. Successful migrants maintained a southeast heading from the North American coast to the Caribbean, Unsuccessful migrants became disoriented over the Atlantic. Visual observations suggest that successful migratory behavior is restricted to certain taxonomic groups of passerines.
Comparison of Outcome in Patients With Versus Without Ascites Referred for Either Cardiac Transplantation or Ventricular Assist Device Placement

Cardiac ascites is frequently diagnosed, but there is a paucity of data regarding the predictors for its formation. In a group of patients with heart failure referred for orthotopic heart transplantation and ventricular assist device (VAD) placement, we attempted to identify patient characteristics and predictors associated with the development of ascites. Long-term outcomes of patients with and without ascites were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of significant ascites on imaging. Demographic information, laboratory values, and results of transthoracic echocardiograms and right-sided cardiac catheterizations were compared between the groups. Of the 196 patients, 29 patients (15%) had significant ascites. The group with significant ascites had higher mean creatinine (2.3 vs 1.6 mg/dl, p = 0.03). On transthoracic echocardiograms, the group with significant ascites had more severe right ventricular dilation (p = 0.03) and tricuspid valve regurgitation (p
Acrolein induces myelin damage in mammalian spinal cord

Myelin damage can lead to the loss of axonal conduction and paralysis in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. Here, we show that acrolein, a lipid peroxidation product, can cause significant myelin damage in isolated guinea pig spinal cord segments. Acrolein-mediated myelin damage is particularly conspicuous in the paranodal region in both a calcium dependent (nodal lengthening) and a calcium-independent manner (paranodal myelin splitting). In addition, paranodal protein complexes can dissociate with acrolein incubation. Degraded myelin basic protein is also detected at the paranodal region. Acrolein-induced exposure and redistribution of paranodal potassium channels and the resulting axonal conduction failure can be partially reversed by 4-AP, a potassium channel blocker. From this data, it is clear that acrolein is capable of inflicting myelin damage as well as axonal degeneration, and may represent an important factor in the pathogenesis in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.
Characterization of Knock in a Spark-Ignition Engine

Spark-ignition engine knock was characterized in terms of when during the engine cycle and combustion process knock occurred and its magnitude of intensity. Cylinder pressure data from a large number of successive individual cycles were generated from a single-cylinder engine of hemispherical chamber design over a range of operating conditions where knock occurred in some or all of these cycles. Mean values and distributions of following parameters were quantified: knock occurrence crank angle, knock intensity, combustion rate and the end-gas thermodynamic state. These parameters were determined from the cylinder pressure data on an individual cycle basis using a mass-burn-rate analysis. In this paper the effects of engine operating variables on these parameters is discussed and correlations between these parameters are examined.
PEDIATRIC UROLOGY Summary of a Round Table

THE MAJORITY of the concern in pediatric urology is centered around infections and anomalies, the former occupying the greater portion of the practicing pediatrician9s problem in this field. Therefore, discussion was aimed mainly at pyelonephritis, with queries on other facets of genito-urinary pathology being mentioned. A review of the literature reveals that pyelonephritis is the commonest cause of death in uremia. While it kills twice as many patients as glomerulonephritis, it occupies only about a third of the literature given to these two problems. The statistics of a number of widely accepted authorities reveals that of all the patients admitted to hospitals, 1% have a urinary tract infection and 5% of all patients treated by pediatric services have a urinary tract infection. Pyelonephritis is more common in the female than in the male in the ratio of 9:1. In the female it is more common in the years from 0-12 and from 25-70 years of age. Very few males have pyelonephritis except those with congenital anomalies, and in the older age group those with gonorrheal obstructions and prostatic enlargement. The manifestations of congenital obstructions to urine flow usually present themselves in the ages from 0-6 years. CAUSES OF PYELONEPHRITIS Natural Causes The Short Rrethra of the Female: In females under 8 or 9 years of age, the urethra is about 1 cm long and some females have such a short urethra that it is essentially only a urethral sphincter. In 10 females less than 10 years of age, all 10 had dye in their bladders, after they sat down and stood up 20 times in 6 inches of dyed water. What is not understood is why more females do not get infection, if this is the answer to more frequent infections in females than in males. Overdistention of the Bladder: Marked overdistention of the bladder causes vesicoureteral reflux. This condition is more common in adolescents who do not have enough social experience, i.e. those who would not feel free to excuse themselves from company in order to urinate. Involuntary Residual Urine: In the male patient who has severe paraphimosis and dysuria, an increase in residual urine is often found. Also following circumcision, the skin of the glans penis often exfoliates, leading to urethral meatal ulceration causing dysuria which is followed by a residual urine.
Comments on cognitive science in the experimental analysis of behavior.

Arguments are increasingly being made for the inclusion of cognitive science in the experimental analysis of behavior (TEAB). These arguments are described, and a critical analysis of them is presented, especially in regards to the logic of objective inference and the renewed use of cognitive intervening variables. In addition, one particular defining feature of cognitive processes (i.e., the absence of an immediate controlling stimulus) is described, along with alternative points of view stressing molar-molecular levels of analysis and historical causation. Finally, comments are made on the use of cognitive concepts and language in the behavioral sciences. On all of these issues, counter-arguments are based on available material in behavior analysis metatheory, concepts, and experimental practices.
Capability of selective media to detect heat-injured Shigella flexneri

Heat-injured cells of Shigella flexneri 5348 were detected by using a two-media plating system: tryptic soy broth containing 2% agar plus 1% sodium pyruvate (TSBA + P) on which both injured and non-injured cells produce colonies and semisynthetic agar medium plus 0.15% bile salts #3 (SSBA) on which only non-injured cells grew. Subtracting the count on SSBA from that on TSBA + P gave an estimation of injury. Heating washed cells of S. flexneri in phosphate buffer gave about 3 log units of injury after 40 min at 52°C. A number of broths and agars specific for shigellae and gram-negative bacteria (2% agar was added to selective broths) were tested for their ability to supported colony formation of heat-injured S. flexneri . Only one medium, shigella broth containing novobiocin, gave recovery of heat-injured cells similar to that on TSBA + P. Lauryl tryptose broth, Levine EMB agar, and EMB agar were the least inhibitory to repair of injured cells (as compared to SSBA). Media that were more inhibitory to repair of heat-injured cells (but not as inhibitory as was SSBA) included tergitol 7 agar, desoxycholate lactose agar, brilliant green 2% bile broth, GN broth, Mac-Conkey agar, and Endo agar. Desoxycholate agar, violet red bile agar, SS agar, and desoxycholate citrate agar were more inhibitory than SSBA to repair. The addition of 1% sodium pyruvate to MacConkey agar, desoxycholate lactose agar, lauryl tryptose broth, tergitol 7 agar, EMB agar, and SSBA resulted in increased recoveries of heat-injured S. flexneri but did not lead to complete recovery (i.e., the counts on the pyruvate containing selective media did not give counts equal to TSBA + P). These results indicate that most media used for isolation of shigellae do not permit recovery of heat-injured cells, and special techniques must be incorporated into the isolation procedures to recover injured cells.
America′s Youth in Crisis: Challenges and Options for Programs and Policies

Foreword - Joy G Dryfoos Foreword - Richard J Sauer Foreword - Justin S Lerner The Contemporary Crises of America's Children and Adolescents An Overview of Developmental Contextualism An Integrative Vision of Human Development Research and Outreach Designing Successful Prevention Programs Key Principles of Successful Prevention Programs Meeting the Challenges Facing America's Universities by Integrating Research and Outreach Implications for Social and Academic Policy
Sumoylation of the transcription factor Nrf2 (739.3)

The transcription factor Nrf2 induces transcription by binding to the antioxidant response element(s) in target gene promoters, enabling oxidatively stressed cells to mount a response to oxidative stress in order to restore redox homeostasis. To act as a transcription factor, Nrf2 must be separated from its inhibitory protein Keap1. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) that mediate separation of Nrf2 from Keap1 have been extensively studied but PTMs that impact its biology after this separation are just beginning to emerge. Using in vitro sumoylation assay and other methods, we demonstrated that Nrf2 is a SUMO-targeted protein [Malloy et al. (2013) JBC 288, 14569-14583]. Here, we have used three SUMO site-predicting algorithms (SeeSUMO, SUMOsp and SUMOplot) to locate putative SUMO-binding sites in mouse Nrf2. Three of the fifteen putative sumoylation sites identified by these algorithms have high probability scores on all three prediction algorithms. Using site-directed mutagenesis, Co-IP, and in vitro...
Insured versus uninsured. The fight for equal pricing in health care.

A boy with health insurance needed a hernia operation. 1 His insurance company paid $3,509 for a surgeon, the surgical suite, a pediatrician, laboratory tests, and an X-ray. 2 An uninsured man in S...
Nanoscale surface modification by anodic oxidation increased bone ingrowth and reduced fibrous tissue in the porous coating of titanium-alloy femoral hip arthroplasty implants

Hip arthroplasty femoral stems coated with Ti6Al4V beads were treated by anodic oxidation in H3 PO4 for enhanced bioactivity and were studied in a 6-month canine model to determine the effects of the treated surface on the ingrowth of bone and soft tissues. The area fractions of bone, marrow, and fibrous tissue in the porous coating of seven treated and seven untreated control implants were determined using histomorphological techniques. The area fraction of bone within the porous coating was greater for anodic oxide treated (23.6 ± 8.3%) compared to control implants (l2.7 ± 4.7%) (p = 0.013), and there was less fibrous tissue in the treated implants (18.0 ± 9.5%) compared to the controls (33.1 ± 7.9%) (p = 0.006). XPS, XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses of the treated implants revealed a 400 nm-thick titanium oxide layer of low crystallinity with an undulating surface, populated with more than 25 nm-size pores per square micrometer. There was no detectable increase in serum titanium or in generation of particulates locally compared to the control implants. Micro and nanoscale surface modification by anodic oxidation increased bone ingrowth and reduced fibrous tissue, which may extend the longevity of fixation, limiting pathways for particle migration, and impeding the progression of osteolysis and aseptic loosening of arthroplasty components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 283-290, 2017.
On surface damage during machining of AISI 4340 STEEL

Abstract The effect of cutting speed and wear land length on the surface damage produced during machining of quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel under dry, orthogonal conditions was determined. Machined test pieces were examined with a scanning electron and optical microscope. Surface roughness was determined with a profilometer. The results of the investigation show that during machining considerable surface damage is produced; the intensity of which decreases with an increase in cutting speed and wear land length. It was found that the surface damage existed in a wide variety of forms which included chatter marks perpendicular to the direction of relative work-tool motion, long straight grooves parallel to the direction of work-tool motion, large cavities, workpiece debris, tool debris, plastic deformation, cracks, microcracks and voids. The results are interpreted in terms of the type of chip produced during machining and the interaction between the tool nose region and work piece. It is shown that scanning electron microscopy is more indicative of the true condition of the surface than surface roughness measurements.
Identification of suicide attempters by means of MMPI profiles.

Used multivariate procedures to determine whether psychiatric patients who had made a suicide attempt immediately prior to hospitalization (N = 161) could be differentiated from nonsuicidal psychiatric patients (N = 161). Multivariate analysis of variance and cluster analysis failed to identify differences in the MMPI data of suicidal and nonsuicidal patients. In contrast, discriminant analysis produced a modest degree of differentiation that generally was maintained in the cross-validation. Language: en
Calculation of Free Turbulent Mixing by the Interaction Approach

The applicability of Bradshaw's interaction hypothesis to two-dimensional free shear flows was investigated. According to it, flows with velocity extrema may be considered to consist of several interacting layers. The hypothesis leads to a new expression for the shear stress which removes the usual restriction that shear stress vanishes at the velocity extremum. The approach is based on kinetic energy and the length scale equations. The compressible flow equations are simplified by restriction to low Mach numbers, and the range of their applicability is discussed. The empirical functions of the turbulence model are found here to be correlated with the spreading rate of the shear layer. The analysis demonstrates that the interaction hypothesis is a workable concept.
The Warm-up Effect as a Means of Increasing the Discriminability of Sensory Difference Tests

A procedure involving rapid tasting of alternate samples, known as ‘warm-up,’ was used prior to difference testing and was found to improve performance on triangle tests, both for a model and a food system. Requiring judges to describe the difference during the warm-up improved performance marginally.
Echocardiographic findings and cardiac surgical implications of aortitis and valvulitis in Behçet's disease.

Inflammatory, noninfectious aortitis is an unusual cause of aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic aneurysm formation, occurring in <10% of patients who present for surgery. Takayasu’s arteritis, giant-cell arteritis, and Behcet’s disease (BD) are all systemic, autoimmune disorders that may occasionally affect the ascending aorta and aortic valve. Although BD is rare, its preoperative recognition is paramount, because the appropriate use of immunosuppressive agents and the modification of surgical techniques may greatly improve overall survival.
On congruences of Jacobi forms

We consider congruences and filtrations of Jacobi forms. More specifically, we extend Tate's theory of theta cycles to Jacobi forms, which allows us to prove a criterion for an analog of Atkin's U-operator applied to a Jacobi form to be nonzero modulo a prime.
EXCHANGE INTEGRAL IN COBALT FROM SPIN-WAVE RESONANCE

The exchange constant $A$ and exchange integral $J$, and their temperature dependences, have been measured in cobalt metal films by spin-wave resonance. At room temperature, $A=1.30\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ erg/cm and $J=155k$. $J$ is temperature independent between 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 295\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Comparison is made with recent data obtained by other experimental methods.
DSM-5: proposed changes to depressive disorders

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is currently undergoing a revision that will lead to a fifth edition in 2013. Proposed changes for DSM-5 include the creation of several new categories of depressive disorder. Some nosologists have expressed concern that the proposed changes could yield many 'false-positive diagnoses' in which normal distress is mislabeled as a mental disorder. Such confusion of normal distress and mental disorder undermines the interpretability of clinical trials and etiological research, causes inefficient allocation of resources, and incurs risks of unnecessary treatment. To evaluate these concerns, I critically examine five proposed DSM-5 expansions in the scope of depressive and grief disorders: (1) a new mixed anxiety/depression category; (2) a new premenstrual dysphoric disorder category; (3) elimination of the major depression bereavement exclusion; (4) elimination of the adjustment disorder bereavement exclusion, thus allowing the diagnosis of subsyndromal depressive symptoms during bereavement as adjustment disorders; and (5) a new category of adjustment disorder related to bereavement for diagnosing pathological non-depressive grief. I examine each proposal's face validity and conceptual coherence as well as empirical support where relevant, with special attention to potential implications for false-positive diagnoses. I conclude that mixed anxiety/depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder are needed categories, but are too broadly drawn and will yield substantial false positives; that the elimination of the bereavement exclusion is not supported by the evidence; and that the proposed elimination of the adjustment-disorder bereavement exclusion, as well as the new category of grief-related adjustment disorder, are inconsistent with recent grief research, which suggests that these proposals would massively pathologize normal grief responses.
31P NMR Examination of Phosphorus Metabolites in the Aqueous, Acidic, and Organic Extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds

Abstract 31 P NMR spectroscopy was used to compare the phosphorus compound content in aqueous, acidic, and organic extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Two chloroform-methanol and three ethanol extractions were used to isolate phospholipids from dry cotyledons and the phospholipid profiles were compared. Variations in phospholipid composition and artificially high concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine were observed in the ethanol extracts. Other phosphorus compounds were extracted using perchloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid in ether, hydrochloric acid, boiling water, and aqueous Hepes. The Hepes extraction was introduced in order to compare the results of a gentle procedure with those involving heat and acid treatments. Low concentrations of phosphosugars and other phosphorus metabolites were found in all these extracts. High concentrations of phytate were found in all aqueous and acidic extractions; however, 31 P NMR spectra of aqueous extractions did not show the phytate resonance. The NMR silence of the phytate resonances is attributed to complexation of phytate. The 31 P NMR spectra of aqueous extracts contained a broad resonance at 0.1 ppm assigned to protein-bound RNA. Various extraction procedures on the same biological material are presented, and the comparison of these methods will facilitate future analysis and interpretation of literature reports involving these methods of tissue analysis.
Tsunami Generation by Submarine Mass Failure. I: Modeling, Experimental Validation, and Sensitivity Analyses

Numerical simulations are performed with a two-dimensional (2D) fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) model for tsunami generation by two idealized types of submarine mass failure (SMF): underwater slides and slumps. These simulations feature rigid or deforming SMFs with a Gaussian cross section, translating down a plane slope. In each case, the SMF center of mass motion is expressed as a function of geometric, hydrodynamic, and material parameters, following a simple wavemaker formalism, and prescribed as a boundary condition in the FNPF model. Tsunami amplitudes and runup are obtained from computed free surface elevations. Model results are experimentally validated for a rigid 2D slide. Sensitivity studies are performed to estimate the effects of SMF-shape, type, and initial submergence depth—on the generated tsunamis. A strong SMF deformation during motion is shown to significantly enhance tsunami generation, particularly in the far-field. Typical slumps are shown to generate smaller tsunamis than corresponding slides. Both tsunami amplitude and runup are shown to depend strongly on initial SMF submergence depth. For the selected SMF idealized geometry, this dependence is simply expressed by power laws. Other sensitivity analyses are presented in a companion paper, and results from numerical simulations are converted into empirical curve fits predicting characteristic tsunami amplitudes as functions of nondimensional governing parameters. It should be stressed that these empirical formulas are only valid in the vicinity of the tsunami sources and, because of the complexity of the problem, many simplifications were necessary. It is further shown in the companion paper how 2D results can be modified to account for three-dimensional tsunami generation and used for quickly estimating tsunami hazard or for performing simple case studies.
Microbiology of Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis

Purpose To evaluate the microbiology of pediatric orbital cellulitis associated with sinusitis. Design Retrospective review of medical records of pediatric patients treated for orbital cellulitis. Methods All pediatric patients treated for orbital cellulitis associated with sinusitis at Texas Children's Hospital between December 1, 2001 and September 30, 2005 were reviewed. Data collected included patient age, history, microbiology results, and surgical intervention. Results Thirty-eight cases were identified. Fifteen cases required medical management, whereas 23 patients received a combination of medical and surgical intervention. Three patients had multiple surgical procedures performed. Of the procedures performed, four were sinus irrigation, 12 were sinusotomy and drainage, nine were orbitotomy with drainage of abscess, and one was craniotomy with drainage of abscess. Surgical aspirate specimens yielded a higher positive culture result rate with 9/9 of orbital abscesses and 13/16 of sinus aspirates demonstrating a positive yield. Two of the 27 blood cultures had a positive yield. Staphylococcus species was the most common organism isolated. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) represented 73% of S. aureus isolates. Streptococcus species was the next most common pathogen. Three cultures yielded Haemophilus species with one being positive for H. influenzae . Conclusions Organisms responsible for causing pediatric orbital cellulitis are evolving, with Staphylococcus followed by Streptococcus species being the most common pathogens. The occurrence of MRSA in pediatric orbital cellulitis is increasing, and empiric antimicrobial therapy should be directed against these organisms if they are prevalent in the community. Sinus and orbital abscess aspirates yielded the greatest number of positive cultures, though these invasive surgical procedures should be performed only when clinically indicated.
Career decision-making self-efficacy, integration, and the likelihood of managerial retention in governmental agencies

Results based on responses from 679 managers in three governmental agencies confirmed that career-related organizational practices and relationships impacted their staying in the organization. Specifically, managers who scored higher in career decision-making self-efficacy, a relatively new variable to the turnover literature, career integration, and work-life balance were 63-69° more likely to stay. HRD has an opportunity to identify organizational work environments that lead to a greater sense of managerial employee connectedness (integration) with the organization. As well, HRD could strategically reduce costs associated with turnover by leading initiatives to design and develop or enhance career development programs. If managers have greater opportunities to identify career paths and achieve their career goals within their current organizations, they may be less likely to seek those opportunities elsewhere.
Selective inhibition by cortisone of adrenal cortical incorporation of C14 from labelled bacterial polysaccharide.

AFTER the injection of C14 labelled polysaccharide complexes from Klebsiella pneumoniae in the guinea pig, the adrenal cortex has the highest tissue concentration of isotope (1). In contrast, the adrenals of the mouse, rat and rabbit incorporate minor amounts of C14 (2). With the exception of the adrenal, the tissue distribution of C14 in the four animal species is similar to that observed with dye-tagged protein antigens (3) and with K. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide identified in mouse tissue with fluorescent antibody (4). The C14 derived from the bacterial polysaccharide persists in the adrenal for at least two months (1). The exact nature of the chemical incorporation in the adrenal has not been determined; only a minor amount of the C14 within the adrenal is in polysaccharide or lipid which can be extracted from the adrenal (5), and only 17% of the extracted adrenal polysaccharide possesses the haptenic properties of the injected substance, in comparison with 45% in polysaccharide fraction from t...
Mur Regulates the Gene Encoding the Manganese Transporter MntH in Brucella abortus 2308

MntH is the only high-affinity manganese transporter identified in Brucella. A previous study showed that MntH is required for the wild-type virulence of Brucella abortus 2308 in mice (Anderson ES, et al., Infect. Immun. 77:3466-3474, 2009) and indicated that the mntH gene is regulated in a manganese-responsive manner in this strain by a Mur homolog. In the study presented here, the transcriptional start site for mntH in B. abortus 2308 was determined by primer extension analysis. Specific interactions between Mur and the mntH promoter region were demonstrated in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and a Mur binding site was identified in the -55 to -24 region of the mntH promoter by DNase I footprint analysis. The specificity of the interaction of Mur with the putative Mur box was further evaluated by EMSA employing oligonucleotides in which the consensus nucleotides in this region were substituted. These studies not only confirm a direct role for Mur in the Mn-responsive regulation of mntH expression in Brucella abortus 2308 but also identify the cis-acting elements upstream of mntH that are responsible for this regulation.
Retrograde amnesia produced by electrical stimulation of the amygdala: Attenuation with adrenergic antagonists

Abstract Subseizure electrical stimulation of the amygdala produced retrograde amnesia for a visual discrimination shock-motivated task. Animals pretreated with the α-adrenergic antagonist phenoxybenzamine, or the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, did not develop amnesia. The findings indicate that adrenergic antagonists attenuate amnesia produced by amygdala stimulation for visual discrimination training. These results are consistent with previous evidence indicating that adrenergic antagonists attenuate the amnesias produced by a variety of agents, and thus, suggest that adrenergic mechanisms may be involved in the production of retrograde amnesia.
Relaxation in a one dimensional spin system

Abstract Some of the exact time dependent properties of the one-dimensional spin system with nearest neighbor x − x and y − y interactions and long-range z − z interactions are presented. The asymptotic time dependent properties are found to be similar to those of the X − Y model.
Optimum signal constellation design and mapping rule for few-mode fiber based LDPC-coded CO-OFDM

We propose an OSCD-based LDPC-coded mode-multiplexed CO-OFDM system as multi-Tb/s enabling technology, and demonstrate that 16-OSCD with optimized mapping rule outperforms the 16-QAM by 0.9dB over 1000km of few-mode fiber in strong coupling regime.
Dysfunctional Attitudes, Attributional Styles, and Phase of Illness in Bipolar Disorder

Whereas an abundance of studies have been devoted to the study of cognitive vulnerability in unipolar depression, comparatively less is known regarding the cognitive styles of patients with bipolar disorder. This study examined the cognitive styles of 395 of the first 500 bipolar patients enrolled in the NIMH Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder as a function of mood state at study entry. Patients completed diagnostic and mood assessments and two measures of cognitive style: The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Patients in mixed episodes exhibited significantly more negative dysfunctional attitudes and negative attributional styles than euthymic patients and significantly more dysfunctional attitudes than manic/hypomanic patients. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to episode vulnerability, mood-state dependency of cognitive style, and cognitive-behavioral treatment.
Dewey’s Theory of Inquiry and Reflective Administration

John Dewey′s thought is the premier philosophic source on reflective methods. Examination of his thought has much to offer current work on reflective administration. It provides philosophical grounding and an intellectual and ethical context for the use of reflective methods in administrative practice and preparation. Reviews relevant features of Dewey′s philosophy and shows implications for the use of reflective methods in educational administration.
Liberalisation and business lobbying in India

(1996). Liberalisation and business lobbying in India. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 155-173.
Treatment of Wall Emission in the Narrow-Band Based Multiscale Full-Spectrum k-Distribution Method

The multiscale full-spectrum k-distribution (MSFSK) method has become a promising method for radiative heat transfer in inhomogeneous media. In this paper a new scheme is proposed to extend the MSFSK’s ability in dealing with boundary wall emission by distributing this emission across the different gas scales. This scheme pursues the overlap concept of the MSFSK method and requires no changes in the original MSFSK formulation. A boundary emission distribution function is introduced and two approaches of evaluating the function are outlined. The first approach involves line-by-line integration of the spectral absorption coefficients and is, therefore, impractical. The second approach employs a narrow-band k-distribution database to calculate all parameters as in the original narrow-banded based MSFSK formulation and is, therefore, efficient. This distribution scheme of wall emission is evaluated and the two approaches are compared by conducting sample calculations for radiative heat transfer in strongly inhomogeneous media using both the MSFSK method and the line-by-line method. DOI: 10.1115/1.2717936
Effects of Milking at Unequal Intervals for a Complete Lactation on Milk Yield and Composition

Abstract The effects of milking at unequal intervals for a complete lactation were studied with 82 cows of the Holstein, Ayrshire, and Brown Swiss breeds. They were milked at intervals of either 12.5 and 11.5 (Equal Intervals) or 14.5 and 9.5 (Unequal Intervals) during their first lactation, then switched to the alternative intervals during the second lactation. With standardized 266-day lactation periods and the cows milked at equal or unequal intervals, the yields were 4,920, 4,811; 186, 181; 456, 441; and 647, 617 kg of milk, milk fat, solids-not-fat (SNF), and total solids (TS), respectively. A least squares analysis indicated that the cows produced 160 ± 90 kg (3.5%) more milk (P ≅ .08), 9 ± 4 kg (5.0%) more milk fat (P am and pm milkings was not affected by the milking intervals. As lactation progressed, proportionately more of the milk was obtained after the long interval.
Steroid hormones: Interactions with membrane-bound receptors

Steroid hormones are generally thought to pass easily across a plasma membrane into a cell, interacting once inside with soluble nuclear receptors, but recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of membrane-bound receptors in mediating the activity and the metabolism of steroid hormones.