cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoting resilience for food, energy, and water interdependencies

This paper presents relationships among food, energy, and water (FEW) systems, reflecting the interconnections among the energy/water, water/energy, water/food, and energy/food sectors. First, a unique approach uses metrics and quantification to reflect interdependencies among these sectors. Next, changes in food technology and practices are put forth in terms of impacts changes are likely to produce for a set of FEW system relationships. Organic farming or shifts in food consumption patterns, such as reduced meat consumption, are two examples of changes in food technology and practices that could affect water and energy use. From a policy perspective, changes in energy and water policy can potentially facilitate increased water conservation and greater use of renewable energy sources; such policy shifts are addressed in terms of changes to metrics and/or their values. The purpose of this work is to establish a network model that quantifies interdependencies among different sectors in terms of resource usage. The model is flexible and can accommodate other factors such as cyberphysical and logical interdependencies. The established model that these metrics provide inputs for enables analysis and design of the resilience mechanisms for FEW complex systems. Examples are used to illustrate the concepts developed in this work.
Monitoring Land Use Change in the Pearl River Delta, China

The research presented in this chapter focuses on the Pearl River Delta, a rapidly developing region in southern China. We combine high-resolution satellite imagery and socioeconomic data to address the following questions: How rapidly is agricultural land being lost? What is the rate at which urban areas are expanding? We highlight some of the methodological challenges encountered in our research to link remotely sensed imagery with socioeconomic data. Specifically, we discuss the effects of classification accuracy and bias on land use models, present several statistical approaches to integrating time series satellite data with socioeconomic data to model land use, and discuss some of the patterns of land use change in the Pearl River Delta. Our analysis indicates that urbanization increased by more than 300% during the period 1988–1996. Most of the new urban areas were converted from agricultural land. The geographic pattern of land use change follows the Hong Kong-Guangzhou corridor and mirrors foreign direct investment flows.
Elliptical Polarization of Fe 57 Gamma Rays

>The Mossbauer effect provides a tool to investigate the angular dependence and the polarization of individual com ponents emitted in the nuclear Zeeman effect. A discussion of the physical picture of the photon polarization in Fe/sup 57/ is followed by the general theory of elliptical polarization in the Mossbauer effect. The experimental arrangement to measure this polarization is described, and relevant results are given. (auth)
Status and thinking about research of further optimization of prescription

How to investigate the further optimization of prescription(FOP) is an important study on effective compound formula of traditional Chinese medicine or the formula in which adverse drug reactions are occured.In this article,we introduced research status of FOP,including main purpose and research methods of FOP.Then we mainly explained thinking about scientific connotation,key technical points,and development direction of FOP.
Bacteremia following peroral biopsy of the small intestine.

A case of a rare complication of small bowel biopsy is presented. Fever, nausea, and bacteremia occurred within 72 hr after a successful jejunal biopsy. No other source of gram-negative bacteremia was apparent; a high colony count of enteric organisms had been present 4 months previously in both gastric and jejunal cultures. A rapid return to the prebiopsy state occurred following gastric suction, intravenous alimentation, and antibiotic therapy. This complication must be considered in performing intestinal biopsies in cachectic patients, particularly those with bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel.
Simulation of cylindrical Couette flow

We have developed, tested, and implemented a numerical code for calculating the viscous, three dimensional flow between two differentially rotating cylinders (cylindrical Couette flow). In this paper we describe the methods that we have used to apply efficiently pseudo-spectral techniques to a complicated (i.e. non-Cartesian) geometry with real (i.e. viscous, no-slip) boundaries and the tests that we have used to determine the accuracy of our code.
Fast Ray Tracing of Unevaluated Constructive Solid Geometry Models

We present a refinement of the ray tracing algorithm, for use with unevaluated constructive solid geometry models. Bounding enclosures around the children of a part are combined into a tree with nearly optimal minimum expected number of extent-ray intersections. An approximate evaluation of the expression represented by the part can be evaluated on the enclosure-ray intersections to find the subset of children that might be hit by a ray. These candidate children are then used to evaluate the expression exactly. Several criteria are suggested which allow early termination of the exact expression evaluation.
Leigh’s Syndrome with Two Mitochondrial Defects

A female infant with a biochemical defect of the respiratory chain and of β-oxidation and neuropathological changes typical for Leigh’s disease is reported from the Department of Neurology, University of Wurzburg, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Homburg, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Freiburg, Germany.
A Feminist Ventriloquial Analysis of Hao Gongzuo (“Good Work”): Politicizing Chinese Post-1980s Women's Meanings of Work

ABSTRACTThis study examines Chinese post-1980s women’s meanings of work at the intersections of gender, generation, and culture. A feminist ventriloquial approach is used to tease out the enactment of tensions in the communicative constitutions of the colloquialism hao gongzuo (“good work”). Figures such as women’s personal aspirations, gender roles, cultural and generational values, and the material conditions of the Chinese workplace ventriloquize into their everyday constructions. This study finds that post-1980s women are both perpetuators and dissidents of gendered and national-cultural work ideology as they negotiate various tensions to frame good work as wending (stable), timian (face adding, status promoting), and yourenyouyu (fulfilling, achieving). Situated in the context of a transitional developing country rooted in Eastern traditions, this study unpacks how various discursive and material forces engage in tensional constructions of work meanings and sheds light on women’s career socialization...
Can subsyndromal manifestations of major depression be identified in children at risk

Objective Children of parents with major depression are at significantly increased risk for developing major depression themselves; however, not all children at genetic risk will develop major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigated the utility of subsyndromal scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Anxiety/Depression scale in identifying children at the highest risk for pediatric MDD from among the pool of children of parents with MDD or bipolar disorder. Method The sample was derived from two previously conducted longitudinal case–control family studies of psychiatrically and pediatrically referred youth and their families. For this study, probands were stratified based on the presence or absence of a parental mood disorder. Results Subsyndromal scores on the CBCL Anxiety/Depression scale significantly separated the children at high risk for pediatric MDD from those at low risk in a variety of functional areas, including social and academic functioning. Additionally, children at genetic risk without elevated CBCL Anxiety/Depression scale scores were largely indistinguishable from controls. Conclusion These results suggest that the CBCL Anxiety/Depression scale can help identify children at highest risk for pediatric MDD. If implemented clinically, this scale would cost-effectively screen children and identify those most in need of early intervention resources to impede the progression of depression.
Intra- and interregional cortical interactions related to sharp-wave ripples and dentate spikes.

Off-line cortico-hippocampal interactions are thought to support memory consolidation. We surveyed the relationship between hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) and dentate spikes (DSs) with up-st...
ACM SIGIR annual business meeting 2014: Secretary’s notes

The 2014 ACM SIG-IR Annual Business Meeting took place on Thursday July 10, 2014, at the SIGIR’14 Conference in Gold Coast, Australia. The meeting proper started at 11:55 and was led by SIG-IR chair Charlie Clarke. The ACM SIG-IR executive committee was introduced, consisting of Charles L.A. (Charlie) Clarke (chair), Yoelle Maarek (vice chair, unable to attend), Jaap Kamps (secretary), Diane Kelly (treasurer), and James Allan (past chair), see Figure 1. Charlie explained the role of the SIG-IR executive committee. First, to ensures continued high quality and reputation of SIGIR and its sponsored conferences (with new sponsored conferences announced later in the meeting). Second, to meets the needs of SIGIR’s members, by staying tuned to changing needs and preferences of members, both new and experienced. Third, to ensure financial stability of SIG-IR and highvisibility presence within the ACM. On the latter point, even though SIG-IR is a mid sized SIG within the ACM, Charlie is part of the SIG Governing Board and can represent our views on important issues, such as the future of the ACM DL. Basically, we are working on the things you want to happen, so we are always interested in hearing from you. Charlie thanked the many volunteers, including the 1,000s of volunteers running SIG-IR sponsored and co-sponsored conferences in various roles. The SIG-level volunteers were thanked: Krisztian Balog (information director), Raman Chandrasekar, Fernando Diaz (outgoing June and December issue SIGIR Forum editors), Ben Carterette (incoming fall issue SIGIR Forum editor), Claudia Hauff (SIG-IRList editor) Shlomo Geva and Fernando Diaz (outgoing an incoming awards chair), Charles Clarke (outgoing CIKM liaison), Ricardo Baeza-Yates (WSDM liaison), and Edie Rasmussen (JCDL liaison). Secretary’s note: At the time of writing also two other vacancies are filled: Craig MacDonald will be the spring issue SIGIR Forum editor and Guido Zuccon is the new social media director. Krisztian Balog was particularly thanked for modernizing the SIG-IR website, at http:// sigir.org/, which is the main source of information about SIG-IR with content being updated
Transient performance & availability modeling in high volume outpatient clinics

High volume outpatient clinics such as eye care centers cannot afford excessive delays, especially when due to limited resources, time, or overhead. Modeling tools from reliability & maintainability practice may provide the means to better assess where improvements may be possible. The models developed in this demonstration build on previous efforts to address challenges in quantifiable performance evaluation in health care. Discrete event simulation solutions of non-Markovian Stochastic Reward Nets provide insight into operations from data collected at an academic medical center. The produced model of patient flow at a glaucoma practice reflects clinic process flow diagrams and electronic health record data collected from January to March 2016. In this report we describe the parameterization process, as well as how the collected data and direct observation of a clinic influenced model formation. We then employ maximum likelihood estimation to fit the distribution of times spent at different treatment phases to parametric models, distinguishing between groups in data where appropriate. Combining data fitting in a Stochastic Reward Net, we solve the resulting non-Markovian model using discrete event simulation. The model is then simulated to predict transient high patient load periods experienced by the clinic. These interim results indicate that for the moderately sized clinic presented here, patient volume is manageable even with minimal resource support. Finally, future directions in clinic model validation and operations optimization are presented.
An EQT-based cDFT approach for thermodynamic properties of confined fluid mixtures

We present an empirical potential-based quasi-continuum theory (EQT) to predict the structure and thermodynamic properties of confined fluid mixtures. The central idea in the EQT is to construct potential energies that integrate important atomistic details into a continuum-based model such as the Nernst-Planck equation. The EQT potentials can be also used to construct the excess free energy functional, which is required for the grand potential in the classical density functional theory (cDFT). In this work, we use the EQT-based grand potential to predict various thermodynamic properties of a confined binary mixture of hydrogen and methane molecules inside graphene slit channels of different widths. We show that the EQT-cDFT predictions for the structure, surface tension, solvation force, and local pressure tensor profiles are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we study the effect of different bulk compositions and channel widths on the thermodynamic properties. Our results reveal that the composition of methane in the mixture can significantly affect the ordering of molecules and thermodynamic properties under confinement. In addition, we find that graphene is selective to methane molecules.
Piceatannol Reduces Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Excess fat accumulation and abnormal metabolism are involved in numerous diseases and thus the research on identification of compounds that can regulate energy homeostasis could significantly facilitate the current effort to prevent and/or treat metabolic disorders. Piceatannol, one of the natural stilbenes, was previously found to decrease lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, its role in fat metabolism in vivo is not known. Thus, Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model was used in the current study to determine the effect of piceatannol on fat accumulation and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that 50 and 100 μM piceatannol significantly reduced fat accumulation of wild-type worms grown in normal and high-glucose conditions without altering the growth rate, worm length, pumping rate, or moving speed. The current study further indicated that piceatannol decreased the expression of sbp-1 (encodes an ortholog of mammalian sterol regulatory element-binding protein) and its...
Programmable Self-disassembly for Shape Formation in Large-Scale Robot Collectives

We present a method for a large-scale robot collective to autonomously form a wide range of user-specified shapes. In contrast to most existing work, our method uses a subtractive approach rather than an additive one, and is the first such method to be demonstrated on robots that operate in continuous space. An initial dense, stationary configuration of robots distributively forms a coordinate system, and each robot decides if it is part of the desired shape. Non-shape robots then remove themselves from the configuration using a single external light source as a motion guide. The subtractive approach allows for a higher degree of motion parallelism than additive approaches; it is also tolerant of much lower-precision motion. Experiments with 725 Kilobot robots allow us to compare our method against an additive one that was previously evaluated on the same platform. The subtractive method leads to higher reliability and an order-of-magnitude improvement in shape formation speed.
Case 5: Abdominal Distention, Poor Growth, and Motor Delay in a 1-year-old Girl.

1. James McCarthy, MD* 1. *Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI A 1-year-old girl presents to the pediatrician’s office with an enlarging abdomen since birth, poor weight gain since 6 months of age despite eating well, and developmental delay. She does not crawl or pull to stand and is unable to support herself on all fours for more than a few seconds. She was born at full term after an unremarkable pregnancy. She required a 3-day stay in the NICU for management of hypoglycemia, which resolved before discharge. She takes no medications and is up to date on immunizations. At presentation she is afebrile and her heart rate is 122 beats/min, respiratory rate is 45 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. She is 26.2 in tall (66.5 cm, <1st percentile) and weighs 17.68 lb (8.02 kg, 17th percentile). She is tachypneic but appears comfortable, and lung sounds are clear. Her abdomen is …
Encompassing Cultural Contexts Within Scientific Research Methodologies in the Development of Health Promotion Interventions

American Indians/Alaska Natives/Native Hawaiians (AI/AN/NHs) disproportionately experience higher rates of various health conditions. Developing culturally centered interventions targeting health conditions is a strategy to decrease the burden of health conditions among this population. This study analyzes characteristics from 21 studies currently funded under the Interventions for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Native American (NA) Populations program among investigators currently funded under this grant mechanism. Four broad challenges were revealed as critical to address when scientifically establishing culturally centered interventions for Native populations. These challenges were (a) their ability to harness culture-centered knowledge and perspectives from communities; (b) their utilization of Indigenous-based theories and knowledge systems with Western-based intervention paradigms and theories; (c) their use of Western-based methodologies; and (d) their cultural adaptation, if based on an evidence-based treatment. Findings revealed that qualitative methodologies and community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches were very commonly used to finalize the development of interventions. Various Indigenous-based theories and knowledge systems and Western-based theories were used in the methodologies employed. Cultural adaptations were made that often used formative mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Illustrative examples of strategies used and suggestions for future research are provided. Findings underscored the importance of CBPR methods to improve the efficacy of interventions for AI/AN/NH communities by integrating Indigenous-based theories and knowledge systems with Western science approaches to improve health.
FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF LINEAR PROCESSOR ARRAYS

We present a comparison-based algorithm for identifying faulty and fault-free elements in a wafer-scale linear array of processors (or other logic elements). Only nearest neighbor communication is assumed to be possible between the processors in the array. Because the algorithm is simple and requires no storage of test vectors or test outcomes, it is ideally suited for implementation on the wafer to provide the capability for built-in production (or post production) testing. We show that surprisingly this algorithm achieves high accuracy of diagnosis over a wide range of yields even though the diagnosis may be based on a high proportion of results produced by faulty processors. Quantitative and qualitative reasoning validate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Markov games of incomplete information for multi-agent reinforcement learning

Partially observable stochastic games (POSGs) are an attractive model for many multi-agent domains, but are computationally extremely difficult to solve. We present a new model, Markov games of incomplete information (MGII) which imposes a mild restriction on POSGs while overcoming their primary computational bottleneck. Finally we show how to convert a MGII into a continuous but bounded fully observable stochastic game. MGIIs represents the most general tractable model for multi-agent reinforcement learning to date.
Operational Effects of the Consolidated Intersection Design on Urban and Suburban Arterials

Along urban and suburban arterials, closely-spaced signalized intersections are commonly used to provide access to adjacent commercial developments. Often, these signalized intersections are design...
Understanding The Regulation Of Ferroptosis

Cancer cells accumulate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as a consequence appear especially sensitive to perturbation of intracellular antioxidant networks compared to non-transform...
CP-SAM: Cyber-Physical Security Assessment Metric for Monitoring Microgrid Resiliency

Trustworthy and secure operation of the cyber-power system calls for resilience against malicious and accidental failures. The objective of a resilient system is to withstand and recover operation of the system to supply critical loads despite multiple contingencies in the system. To take timely actions, we need to continuously measure the cyber-physical security of the system. We propose a cyber-physical security assessment metric (CP-SAM) based on quantitative factors affecting resiliency and utilizing concepts from graph theoretic analysis, probabilistic model of availability, attack graph metrics, and vulnerabilities across different layers of the microgrid system. These factors are integrated into a single metric using a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique, Choquet Integral to compute CP-SAM. The developed metric will be valuable for i) monitoring the microgrid resiliency considering a holistic cyber-physical model; and ii) enable better decision-making to select best possible mitigation strategies towards resilient microgrid system. Developed CP-SAM can be extended for active distribution system and has been validated in a real-world power-grid test-bed to monitor the microgrid resiliency.
A Comparison of Symptoms Among Patients with Head and Neck or Truncal Lymphedema and Normal Controls.

Abstract Background: Symptoms associated with midline lymphedema are not fully understood and it is unclear if symptoms associated with swelling in the head and neck are similar to those associated...
Michel Serres: Knowledge production and education

French poststructuralist philosopher Michel Serres writes about knowledge production throughout his work. He is of particular importance to educationists because the production of knowledge shapes ...
The use of biological seed coatings based on bacteriophages and polymers against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize seeds.

Biological control of bacteria with bacteriophages is a viable alternative to antibiotics. To be successful, biological control bacteriophages must be stable when exposed to the environment. Stabilization can be achieved through incorporation of bacteriophages into polymers and stabilizers that will be coated onto the seed. For this study, bacteriophages against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), the causal agent of Goss’s wilt, were incorporated into polyvinyl polymers with alcohol, ether and pyrrolidone functional groups and coated onto maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate polymers and stabilizers that can protect Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (CN8) bacteriophages against dehydration during storage. Bacteriophages stability when coated on seed depended on the glass transition temperature (Tg), functional groups of the polymer, and the presence of stabilizers such as sugars and proteins. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) provided the greatest stability for CN8 bacteriophages on seed when coatings did not contain a stabilizer. A possible reason for the greater stability of this coating is having a glass transition temperature (Tg) very close to ambient temperature. PVOH combined with whey protein isolate (WPI) maintained CN8 bacteriophage activity in storage for four months at 26 °C and seven months at 10 °C. This coating also significantly reduced bacterial loads in seedlings grown from contaminated seeds, without affecting seed germination. Bacteriophage-polymer coatings which are stable during drying and storage, and are compatible with biological systems, not only provide an alternative to traditional antibiotics in agriculture, but also provide options for food, environmental and medical applications.
Associations Between Physical Activity Intensities and Physical Function in Stroke Survivors

Purpose Impairment caused by stroke is a major cause of disablement in older adults. Physical activity has been shown to improve physical functioning; however, little research has been done to explore how physical activity of different intensities may affect physical function among stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of accelerometer-measured physical activity and the relationship between physical activity intensities and objective physical functioning and perceived functional limitations in stroke survivors. Methods Stroke survivors (N = 30, mean age = 61.77 ± 11.17) completed the Short Physical Performance Battery and the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Physical activity intensities were measured objectively using a 7-day actigraph accelerometer wear period and scored using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cutoffs for sedentary (counts/minute ≤100), light (counts/minute 101-2019), and moderate to vigorous (moderate to vigorous physical activity counts/minute ≥2020) activity. Results Multiple linear regressions controlling for age and time since stroke demonstrated that higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity predicted better Short Physical Performance Battery performance (β = .43, P = 0.04). For self-reported physical function, light physical activity predicted better basic lower limb function (β = .45, P = 0.009), better advanced lower limb function (β = .53, P = 0.003), better upper limb function (β = .37, P = 0.04), and higher total function score (β = .52, P = 0.002) on the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Conclusions These findings suggest that light activity as well as moderate to vigorous physical activity may contribute to better physical functioning in stroke survivors. Although moderate to vigorous physical activity significantly predicted the objective measure of physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery), light physical activity consistently predicted higher scores on all subscales of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Disabilities resulting from stroke may limit this population from engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity, and these findings highlight the importance of light physical activity, which may offer similar perceived functional benefits. Future studies should focus on development of effective exercise interventions for stroke survivors by incorporating and comparing both moderate to vigorous physical activity and light-intensity physical activity.
Urbanismo y vivienda en el Madrid de posguerra.: La Falange, entre el derecho a la ciudad y la segregación espacial

One of the first and most urgent challenges the dictatorship of General Franco had to confront upon the end of the Spanish Civil War was the reconstruction of Madrid, the half-ruined state capital. The Franco regime drew an innovative and ambitious urban plan, under the name of ‘La Ciudad del Movimiento’, which was aimed at a spirit of integration of all social classes through the recognition of the right to the city to the residents of Madrid. The project was to integrate both bourgeois and workers neighborhood in the city center avoiding segregated areas. The ultimate goal was to avoid a resurgence of fratricidal conflict due to a new clash of classes. Based on the notion of ‘the right to the city’ coined by the French philosopher Henri Lefebvre, in this essay I analyze the radical deviation suffered by this Fascist urban reconstruction project. I argue that the political and ideological tensions that arose within the first Franco’s cabinet made it impossible to carry out this urban project which led to the proliferation of vast slums on the outskirts of Madrid.
Kidney Biomarkers and Major Adverse Kidney Events in Critically Ill Patients

Abstract Background Several biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been examined for their ability to predict AKI earlier than serum creatinine. Few studies have focused on using kidney biomarkers to better predict major adverse kidney events (MAKE), an increasingly used composite outcome in critical care nephrology research. Methods Single-center prospective study collecting blood and urine samples from critically ill patients with AKI KDIGO stage 2 or above, and matched controls from a single, tertiary care intensive care unit. Samples were collected at 24-48 hours after AKI diagnosis (cases) or ICU admission (controls), 5-7 days later, and 4-6 weeks following discharge for AKI patients. The primary outcome of interest was MAKE at hospital discharge. Results Serum/urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, serum/urinary cystatin C, and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 early in the AKI or ICU course were all significantly higher in patients with MAKE compared to those not experiencing MAKE at hospital discharge. Serum cystatin C, and to a lesser extent serum NGAL, significantly improved upon a clinical prediction model of MAKE as assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Patients without MAKE experienced a greater decline in serum NGAL from initial measurement to second measurement than those patients experiencing MAKE. Conclusion Early measures of kidney biomarkers in critically ill patients are associated with MAKE. This relationship appears to be greatest with serum NGAL and cystatin C, which display additive utility to a clinical prediction model. Trending serum NGAL may also have utility in predicting MAKE.
Class Dominance or Fracturing? Sources of Broad Interest in Lobbying by Fortune 500 Corporations:

Are large corporations able to transcend individual self-interest in favor of a broad class interest, as suggested by class dominance theorists? Or, has the corporate elite become fractured? We add...
Improved Supervised Training of Physics-Guided Deep Learning Image Reconstruction with Multi-Masking

Physics-guided deep learning (PG-DL) via algorithm unrolling has received significant interest for improved image reconstruction, including MRI applications. These methods unroll an iterative optimization algorithm into a series of regularizer and data consistency units. The unrolled networks are typically trained end-to-end using a supervised approach. Current supervised PG-DL approaches use all of the available sub-sampled measurements in their data consistency units. Thus, the network learns to fit the rest of the measurements. In this study, we propose to improve the performance and robustness of supervised training by utilizing randomness by retrospectively selecting only a subset of all the available measurements for data consistency units. The process is repeated multiple times using different random masks during training for further enhancement. Results on knee MRI show that the proposed multi-mask supervised PG-DL enhances reconstruction performance compared to conventional supervised PG-DL approaches.
Modelling of free space optical (FSO) communications and networking with low earth orbit (LEO) satellites

In this talk, we examine the use of free space optical (FSO) links to and from low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems and their incorporation within larger network architecture models. FSO link models are presented to predict dynamic link quality to and from a surface terminal to a LEO terminal. We also outline the design and development of network emulation and simulation capabilities to analyze the use of dynamic FSO-LEO link models within broader communication network architectures. We present an early network emulation demonstration of FSO-LEO link models involving data transfer between two surface observers and multiple opportunistic LEO satellite events.
Identifying Phenotypically Distinct Fibroblast Subsets in Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis

Objective Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is the pathologic narrowing of the glottis, subglottis, and/or trachea secondary to intubation or tracheostomy related injury. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop iLTS. To date, the metabolomics and phenotypic expression of cell markers in fibroblasts derived from patients with T2DM and iLTS are largely unknown. Study design Controlled in vitro cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center (2017-2020). Methods This in vitro study assessed samples from 6 patients with iLTS who underwent surgery at a single institution. Fibroblasts were isolated from biopsy specimens of laryngotracheal scar and normal-appearing trachea and compared with controls obtained from the trachea of rapid autopsy specimens. Patients with iLTS were subcategorized into those with and without T2DM. Metabolic substrates were identified by mass spectrometry, and cell protein expression was measured by flow cytometry. Results T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts had a metabolically distinct profile and clustered tightly on a Pearson correlation heat map as compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Levels of itaconate were elevated in T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts. Flow cytometry demonstrated that T2DM iLTS-scar fibroblasts were associated with higher CD90 expression (Thy-1; mean, 95%) when compared with non-T2DM iLTS-scar (mean, 83.6%; P = .0109) or normal tracheal fibroblasts (mean, 81.1%; P = .0042). Conclusions Scar-derived fibroblasts from patients with T2DM and iLTS have a metabolically distinct profile. These fibroblasts are characterized by an increase in itaconate, a metabolite related to immune-induced scar remodeling, and can be identified by elevated expression of CD90 (Thy-1) in vitro.
Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Screening Patterns Among Black and White Adults in the United States.

This cohort study compares the demographics of US adults who are currently being screened for lung cancer and assesses the potential association between proposed changes to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) screening recommendations and screening rates by race and age.
Stable Isotopes for Tracing Cardiac Metabolism in Diseases.

Although metabolic remodeling during cardiovascular diseases has been well recognized for decades, the recent development of analytical platforms and mathematical tools has driven the emergence of assessing cardiac metabolism using tracers. Metabolism is a critical component of cellular functions and adaptation to stress. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease involves metabolic adaptation to maintain cardiac contractile function even in advanced disease stages. Stable-isotope tracer measurements are a powerful tool for measuring flux distributions at the whole organism level and assessing metabolic changes at a systems level in vivo. The goal of this review is to summarize techniques and concepts for in vivo or ex vivo stable isotope labeling in cardiovascular research, to highlight mathematical concepts and their limitations, to describe analytical methods at the tissue and single-cell level, and to discuss opportunities to leverage metabolic models to address important mechanistic questions relevant to all patients with cardio vascular disease.
Serum sex hormones and the 20-year risk of lower urinary tract symptoms in community-dwelling older men.

Study Type – Prognosis (inception cohort) Level of Evidence 2b OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum sex steroid hormone concentrations and long-term risk of subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a cohort of community-dwelling older men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Between 1984 and 1987, serum sex hormone concentrations were measured in participants in the Rancho Bernardo Study, a prospective, community-based study. In 2006, the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI) was mailed to surviving male participants. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of baseline hormone concentrations with AUA-SI. RESULTS Among 158 surviving men with complete data and no history of prostate cancer, the mean (sd) age at serum sex steroid assessment was 58 (6.6) years with a mean (sd) follow-up of 20.3 (0.6) years. In age-adjusted logistic regression, there was a significant inverse association of testosterone : dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with LUTS (P = 0.05). Also, men with higher concentrations of bioavailable testosterone had a 56% decreased risk of LUTS compared with those with hypogonadal concentrations, although the association was not statistically significant (odds ratios 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.14–1.40) or distributed evenly among quartiles. There were no significant associations of total testosterone, oestradiol (E2), testosterone : E2, DHT, or dehydroepiandrosterone with LUTS or with any measured hormones and urinary bother. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, men with higher mid-life levels of testosterone : DHT and bioavailable testosterone had a decreased 20-year risk of LUTS. These data support other studies reporting inverse associations of serum testosterone with LUTS. Clinical trials of testosterone therapy should include LUTS and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia as outcomes.
The Children of Homosexual Parents: The Voices the Courts Have Yet to Hear.

Introduction 695 I. The History of Custody Disputes for Homosexual Parents: “Judicial Homophobia” 697 II. Without Evidence: Five Assumptions Used to Deny a Lesbian or Gay Parent Custody 701 III. Telltale Signs: Evidence Courts Use to Grant Custody to the Heterosexual Parent 703 IV. The Voice of a Child 705 A. Children Have Rights, Too! 706 B. Letting the Child Be Heard 708 V. Amending the Nexus Standard: Suggestions for Change 711 Conclusion 715
The effect of using an impedance threshold device on hemodynamic parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic effects following the use of an impedance threshold device (ITD) in a canine model of cardiopulmonary arrest. Design Experimental, randomized crossover study. Setting Cardiovascular research laboratory at a university veterinary center. Animals Eight purpose bred beagle dogs. Interventions Dogs were anesthetized and instrumented for the measurement of right atrial pressure , systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and diastolic arterial blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, and carotid blood flow (CBF). CBF was determined via ultrasonic flow probe placed around the carotid artery. Animals were taking part in an unassociated terminal study and following subsequent euthanasia with pentobarbital, standardized cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed with an impedance threshold device attached (ITD-CPR group) and without (S-CPR group). Order of treatment was randomized. Measurements and Main Results ITD group had increased CBF, coronary perfusion pressure, and a decrease in right atrial diastolic pressure. No differences in end-tidal CO2, diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean blood pressure, or systolic blood pressure were seen. Return of spontaneous circulation was not observed in any of the animals Conclusions Use of the ITD resulted in favorable changes in hemodynamic parameters in dogs undergoing CPR. The ITD may be a useful adjunct during CPR in dogs and warrants clinical evaluation.
Construction of optimal frequency hopping sequences for minimizing bit errors in selective fading channels characteristic to digital cellular systems

The problem of constructing frequency hopping patterns for use in time division multiple access-frequency division multiple access (TDMA-FDMA) cellular systems that employ frequency diversity to minimize bursty errors occurring due to the fading channel is discussed. Conditions under which two frequency and time channels fade independently in a mobile fading channel are reviewed. The construction of a family of effective frequency hop sequences for achieving maximum diversity is given. The construction is based on the theory of linear congruences, and the number of sequences for every integer is established. It is shown that when sequences are constructed using prime numbers they are also orthogonal. Examples of constructed sequences applicable to the Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM) cellular system are given.
American Opinion Toward Jews During the Nazi Era: Results from Quota Sample Polling During the 1930s and 1940s

Objective We investigate Americans’ opinions about European and American Jews between 1938 and 1945, the period from the height of Nazi domestic power to the end of the war in Europe. Methods Several surveys of U.S. public opinion between 1938 and 1945, reweighted to reflect national population parameters, were examined to uncover both aggregate patterns of responses and predictors of pro- and anti-Jewish sentiment. Results We find that individuals’ social status, gender, partisan learning, and, to some extent, region affected their views on Jewish Americans and on European Jews. Conclusion Roosevelt's policies of speaking out against Hitler's atrocities, but yet doing nothing to facilitate more Jews to enter the United States as refugees, reflected the complexities of Americans’ opinions about Jews here and abroad but led to failure to provide a safe haven for those thousands of Jewish refugees who might have fled before the war.
Metabolic and endocrine studies in a case of lipoatrophic diabetes

A 20-yr-old female with congenital lipoatrophic diabetes was studied, with the following findings: (1) Serum insulin levels increased after both oral glucose and intravenous arginine administration; there was no growth hormone response to the latter. (2) The infusion of insulin (0.1 units and 0.5 units/kg) during the fed state and following a 110-hr fast produced only minimal changes of various fuels measured, with the exception of a decrease in the branched-chain amino acids. (3) There was a minimal production of ketones during the 110-hr fast. (4) Metabolic expenditure was markedly increased during the postabsorptive state (65–75 kcal/hr/sq m); it fell into the normal range during the 110-hr fast (31–35 kcal/hr/sq m). (5) Following meals, the patient experienced complaints ranging from cold and shivering to feeling hot with gross diaphoresis. These findings were associated with intermittent lability of her skin temperature, which varied 1°–2°F during a 3-hr period. (6) Progressive increases in doses of regular insulin before each meal resulted in up to a total of 9000 units/day being required before normal blood glucose levels were achieved. (7) A 2-wk therapeutic trial of pimozide provided no significant changes in a variety of hormones and fuels in the basal state or following insulin perturbations. (8) A variety of pituitary hormones and pituitary target organ hormones were studied in both the hypothyroid (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and euthyroid state (following thyroid replacement). All the hormone responses were normal except that growth hormone did not rise during the slow wave sleep in either thyroid state.
SU-FF-T-77: Analysis of Dose Distributions in Buildup Region for IMRT Beams

Purpose: To measure the dose distribution in buildup region with a 2D ion chamber array. Measurements are compared with calculation from Eclipse and analyzed using Gamma Index method. Method and Materials: Dose distributions from 6 MV photonIMRT beams in buildup region are calculated with Eclipse TPS (Varian Medical Systems) in a phantom using sliding window technique for a head and neck case. Those beams are delivered by a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator with 120‐leaf Millennium MLC and are measured with PTW729 ion chamber array (PTW, Inc.). All the measurements are performed at 0.5 cm depth with 96.5 cm SSD. The calculated and measured dose distributions are compared with Gamma index method using Verisoft software (PTW, Inc.). By changing the acceptance criteria in Gamma Index method from 5% dose difference, and 5 mm DTA (distance‐to‐agreement) to 20%, and 20 mm respectively, the comparison between measured and calculated dose distribution are analyzed. Results: Typical preliminary results are listed below: It can be seen for highly modulated beams, dose difference of 20% and positional difference of 20 mm can result between measurement and calculation. Conclusion: The dose distributions in the build up region measured by PTW 2D ion chamber array are compared with those calculated by Eclipse. The comparison is analyzed by Gamma Index method. Detailed measurement validation is underway with different intensity modulation levels and positional accuracy. This type of study can help us to better understand of the accuracy of dose calculations and measurement in buildup region.
Fatigue Life of Wind Turbine Tower Bases throughout Colorado

AbstractThroughout the U.S., there has been a dramatic increase in the installation of wind turbines, which and are now producing a notable portion of renewable energy. The tower base experiences large stress reversals as a result of wind loading and can be subjected to fatigue failure if not properly designed. In this study, fatigue life estimates for wind turbine tower bases throughout Colorado are investigated and the effects of wind distribution and turbulence intensity of those estimates are discussed. The concept of performance-based design (PBD) is applied to optimize the tower base design parameters such that the desired fatigue life is achieved with a minimum amount of steel used in the design. It is concluded that the application of PBD may substantially reduce the initial cost of wind turbine startup, i.e., design and construction, thereby reducing the cost of wind power.
Trypanosoma brucei:Generation of Specific Antisera to Recombinant Variant Surface Glycoproteins☆

Abstract Hoek, M., Xu, H., and Cross, G. A. M. 1999.Trypanosoma brucei:Generation of specific antisera to recombinant variant surface glycoproteins.Experimental Parasitology91, 199–202.
A comparison of the spelling errors of older dyslexic and second-grade normal children

The spelling errors of dyslexic students have frequently been cited in the literature as qualitatively different from those of normal learners (Bannatyne, 1971; Critchley, 1975; Farnham-Diggory, 1978; Orton, 1937). Not only are spelling errors often regarded as diagnostic of dyslexia, but particular error patterns have been attributed to dyslexic subgroups (Boder, 1973; Camp and Dolcourt, 1977; Johnson and Myklebust, 1967; Nelson and Warrington, 1974). Specifically, the errors most commonly attributed to dyslexies are (a) those indicating poor audiophonic analysis, (b) letter order confusions, and (c) failure to recall "sight" vocabulary or the specific arrangement of letter sequences in words. While some authors view "dysphonetic" spelling as symptomatic of a primary processing deficit in dyslexia involving auditory analysis (Boder, 1973; Ingram, Mason, and Blackburn, 1970), others have em phasized the close relationship between dysphonetic errors and general ized language dysfunction (Sweeney and Rourke, 1978; Nelson and Warrington, 1974). These studies, regardless of emphasis, however, share a psychoneurological view of dyslexia which attributes to under lying process dysfunctions the supposed differences in spelling error types, and which minimizes the importance of school instruction, intelli gence, grade, age, and spelling achievement level on error patterns. Some evidence exists that spelling error pattern differences may be more apparent than real. Both Holmes and Peper (1977) and Nelson (1980) compared normal and dyslexic spelling error types and found no differences in the characteristic errors of their subjects. The first study compared the spelling test performance of good and poor fifth-grade readers, but the study suffered from problems with subject selection and validity of the error analysis scheme. The second study (by Nelson) provides a more convincing base for reassessing common beliefs about spelling error significance. Nelson recognized that spelling error patterns change according to developmental level and achievement, and chose achievement-level peers as the appropriate comparison group for her dyslexic population.