cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contribution of sodium to the mechanism of one-kidney, renal-wrap hypertension

The early and chronic stages of one-kidney, figure-8 renal-wrap hypertension were studied during low or normal dietary sodium intake in rats. The renal-wrap procedure caused a significant elevation in arterial pressure at 3 and 28 days postwrap with normal sodium diet. Sodium-depleted rats did not experience an increased arterial pressure following renal wrapping. Blockade of angiotensin II receptors with [Sar1-Ala8]angiotensin II caused a greater decrease in arterial pressure in the sodium-depleted, renal-wrapped animals compared with sham-operated rats. In sodium-replete rats, angiotensin receptor blockade did not lower arterial pressure. Total ganglionic blockade decreased arterial pressure significantly more in the wrapped animals than in the sodium-replete sham-operated rats and the wrapped or sham-wrapped, sodium-deplete animals. Thus the early and chronic phases of normal sodium, one-kidney, figure-8 renal hypertension are supported by an increased sympathetic nervous system function. These observations suggest that sodium is necessary for the development of one-kidney, figure-8 renal-wrap hypertension and that the presence of sodium in the diet permits a functional activation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to the renal-wrap procedure.
Differential Diagnosis of the Swollen Red Eyelid

The swollen red eyelid is a common presentation in primary care. An understanding of the anatomy of the orbital region can guide care. Factors that guide diagnosis and urgency of care include acute vs. subacute onset of symptoms, presence or absence of pain, identifiable mass within the eyelid vs. diffuse lid swelling, and identification of vision change or ophthalmoplegia. Superficial skin processes presenting with swollen red eyelid include vesicles of herpes zoster ophthalmicus; erythematous irritation of contact dermatitis; raised, dry plaques of atopic dermatitis; and skin changes of malignancies, such as basal or squamous cell carcinoma. A well-defined mass at the lid margin is often a hordeolum or stye. A mass within the midportion of the lid is commonly a chalazion. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis are important to identify, treat, and differentiate from each other. Orbital cellulitis is more often marked by changes in ability of extraocular movements and vision as opposed to preseptal cellulitis where these characteristics are classically normal. Less commonly, autoimmune processes of the orbit or ocular tumors with mass effect can create an initial impression of a swollen eyelid.
Effect of pregnancy-induced and chronic hypertension on pregnancy outcome

Objectives To compare the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and chronic hypertension (CHH) on pregnancy outcome. Study design Retrospective study of data from a large perinatal data base with 109,428 consecutive deliveries from 1982 to 1987. Results Among 109,428 women who delivered during the study period, 8019 (7.3%) were hypertensive. The hypertensive group included 5971 (74.5%) with PIH and 2048 (25.5%) with CHH. Hypertension was associated with a significantly higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. Compared with PIH, CHH was more likely to result in an adverse outcome as shown by increased odds ratio (OR) for fetal death (OR, 1.9 for PIH, 2.9 for CHH), prematurity (OR 1.6 for PIH, 1.8 for CHH), and intrauterine growth retardation (OR 2.8 for PIH, 3.7 for CHH). Chronic hypertension was associated with a 184 gm reduction in birth weight compared with 168 gm reduction with PIH. Mothers with CHH were more likely to be black (CHH, 50.1%; PIH, 40.2%), receive public assistance (CHH, 41.6%; PIH, 34.5%), and have no prenatal care (CHH, 3.2%; PIH 2.1%). Conclusions In this study population, hypertension during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality rates. Women with chronic hypertension are at greater risk for adverse outcome than those with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Simulating in-zone chemistry changes from injection time to longer periods of CO2 storage

Geochemical reactions can play important role in the long-term geological storage of CO2 in sites where the target formations have reactive minerals. Although the use of batch models (experimental or theoretical) is expedient, it leaves questions unanswered about how to interpret or predict field-scale injection over long time periods. In this study we present results of coupled multiphase, multicomponent reactive transport simulation using geochemistry data derived from Cranfield site, Mississippi, USA, a site that has long been used for carbon sequestration RD however, more CO2 is trapped in solution.
Charitable Giving as a Mixed Public/Private Good: Implications for Tax Policy

This is an analysis of the effect of tax changes on charitable giving in a model in which donors possess both private and public good motivations. In Nash equilibrium, donors respond both to changes in taxes and to induced responses by other donors. The aggregate change in donations is smaller than it would be in the pure private model by a factor involving the extent of crowdout of one's own donations by others’ giving. The direction and magnitude of crowdout depends on the relative importance of the public and private motivations, the Hicksian relation between the two (substitutes or complements), the extent of over- or undersupply of the public good, and the income elasticity of demand for the public good.
Abstract B44: Keratin-associated protein 5-5 controls cytoskeletal function and cancer cell vascular invasion

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; November 30-December 3, 2015; Austin, TX Cancer cell vascular invasion is a crucial step in the malignant progression towards metastasis. Here we used a genome-wide RNAi screen with E0771 mammary cancer cells to uncover drivers of endothelial monolayer invasion. We identified keratin-associated protein 5-5 (Krtap5-5) as a candidate. Krtap5-5 belongs to large family of cysteine-rich proteins that is implicated in crosslinking keratin intermediate filaments during hair formation. To date, no role of these proteins in cancer has been reported. We found that depletion of Krtap5-5 from cancer cells led to cell blebbing, a loss of keratins 14 and 18 in addition to the upregulation of vimentin intermediate filaments. Krtap5-5 depletion did not impact cell viability but reduced cell motility and extravasation of cancer cells into tissues in a zebrafish model of extravasation. We conclude that Krtap5-5 is a previously unknown regulator of cytoskeletal function in cancer cells that modulates cell motility and vascular invasion. Citation Format: Eric B. Berens, Ghada M. Sharif, Marcel O. Schmidt, Casey W. Shuptrine, Louis M. Weiner, Eric Glasgow, Anna T. Riegel, Anton Wellstein. Keratin-associated protein 5-5 controls cytoskeletal function and cancer cell vascular invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B44.
Who Tells Our Story: Intersectional Temporalities in Hamilton: An American Musical

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which Hamilton: An American Musical can be read less as a historical account and more as a prediction of a future immigrant, who is called upon to (re)define US nationhood. Keeping with the tempo of the musical as well as the broader issues of time, space and identity it attempts to address, this article is presented as a dialogical rap. The co-authors’ discussion frames Hamilton as an example of the power of unplottable, time-arresting immigrant bodies, to whom the colonial imposition of linear history does not apply. From this framework, the authors’ conversation shifts to critiques of racialised tropes running through the production as well as the inaccessibility of theatre tickets. The goal of this dialogical analysis is to invite further debate about the kinds of immigrant time/space travel that make visible questions of agency, representation and access.
Increased Educational Attainment among U.S. Mothers and their Children's Academic Expectations.

Abstract Existing research provides strong evidence that children with more educated parents have higher academic expectations for themselves, but has yet to consider how an increase in the education of lower educated mothers might alter the expectations of their children. In light of the historic increase in U.S. mothers’ pursuit of additional education, this study investigates this timely question using data from a nationally representative, intergenerational sample of U.S. children and mothers participating in the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (nmothers = 3265; nchildren = 8027). Combining random and fixed effects procedures, the findings revealed that an increase in mothers’ educational attainment is linked to an increase in their children’s expectations to earn a Bachelor’s degree. Increased maternal education did not, however, buffer against the risk that children will downgrade these expectations upon approaching the end of high school. These results have theoretical importance to traditional models of status attainment, which typically view parental education as a stable feature of family background; extend a small but burgeoning literature that explores whether and why increased maternal education improves the mobility prospects of their children; and speak to current two-generation policy approaches that aim to leverage trends in mothers education to reduce inequality for future generations.
Adult resilience after child abuse

Growing evidence links adverse childhood experiences to health problems decades later. A study of adults followed in midlife finds that perceived social support predicts lower subsequent mortality, particularly for adults reporting child abuse, suggesting that supportive relationships buffer long-term health in the context of early maltreatment.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effects of Topically Applied Cosmetic Creams on Epidermal Responses.

Application of exogenous products, such as creams, to the skin can result in subclinical changes in selected epidermal functions such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, redness, and pH; these changes may lead to or contribute to irritation. Changes in skin surface inflammatory factors may provide further insight into this potential for irritation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in epidermal properties and inflammatory mediators after four days of topical application of two different polymers formulated in cosmetic creams. Ten healthy volunteers (mean ± SD age: 20.0 ± 2.4 years) completed the study. TEWL, color, and pH were not significantly different after repeated application of these polymers. Hydration was significantly lower at sites treated with polymer A after 5 days. Significant increases in IL-1α, IL-1RA, and IL-1β were observed post-cream application at sites treated with polymer A. This is the first study to apply noninvasive measurements to quantify subclinical changes in epidermal properties and inflammatory mediator expression before and after the application of a cosmetic product, which will allow for a more enhanced safety profile to be achieved.
Searching for Stellar Explosions to Teach the Process of Science

Research-based science education (RBSE) is an instructional model that integrates scientific research with education by giving introductory-level undergraduate astronomy students an opportunity to do authentic research with real data. Its goals are threefold: (1) to teach that science is a process of discovery, not just a body of knowledge, (2) to improve attitudes towards science and STEM careers, and (3) to develop critical thinking, teamwork, and goal-driven work skills that are important in any career path. The RBSE curriculum currently consists of five authentic research projects in astronomy. Each project uses real astronomical data from professional observatories to investigate authentic research questions for which the answers are not known. In other words, in order to learn science, students are given the opportunity to actually do science. The results of RBSE student research have been submitted to scientific databases, presented at professional conferences, and published in refereed journals. In this paper we introduce the RBSE instructional model. To serve as an example, we also describe one of the RBSE research projects wherein students are searching for classical novae in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). We encourage instructors interested in incorporating the RBSE curriculum into their teaching to learn more at the RBSE websites.
Interview with Greg Lynn: Forward-Thinking Land Drones

You’ve initiated Piaggio Fast Forward (PFF) to develop a “mobile autonomous carrier” named Gita, a “sidecar” for the urban pedestrian, bicyclist, or skateboarder. What were the ideas that drove thi...
Real-Time Occupancy Estimation Using WiFi Network to Optimize HVAC Operation

Abstract Commercial and residential buildings consume about 27% of total energy used in the US, out of which nearly half is consumed by commercial building sector and it expected to grow in the next 30-year period. Literature suggests that occupancy data may improve the energy consumption of the buildings, especially in HVAC operation. In the past few years studies came up with various frameworks based on existing infrastructure to estimate occupancy, out of which commodity WiFi gained popularity in detecting, estimating, and tracking occupants within buildings. However, there are concerns with those frameworks such as added infrastructure and computational efforts, upgrades to existing infrastructure, and privacy of occupants. This paper presents a simplistic framework based on commodity WiFi to estimate real time occupancy data without any added infrastructure or upgrades, while protecting the occupant privacy and can produce significant energy reduction in HVAC operation. The framework is tested on a large lecture hall in an institutional building that has multiple classes scheduled. The initial tests showed that the WiFi based occupancy had a 0.96 correlation with the established ground truth. Additionally, the WiFi based occupancy schedule resulted in at least 50% savings in HVAC energy consumption over static schedule.
Reframing the Masters of Suspicion: Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud

Opening with an Acknowledgments section that outlines the early influence on his thinking by a book on advertising, Andrew Dole discusses ‘weasel words’ or qualifiers that, when overlooked (as they...
Conclusion: Organization of Education in a Post-work Leisure-Based Society

In this final chapter, I focus on conditions and organization of intrinsic education in a post-work leisure-based society. I raise an issue of whether institutionalization of education is compatible with intrinsic education. Also, I define conditions for intrinsic education as a list of students’ academic freedoms.
A physics-informed operator regression framework for extracting data-driven continuum models

Abstract The application of deep learning toward discovery of data-driven models requires careful application of inductive biases to obtain a description of physics which is both accurate and robust. We present here a framework for discovering continuum models from high fidelity molecular simulation data. Our approach applies a neural network parameterization of governing physics in modal space, allowing a characterization of differential operators while providing structure which may be used to impose biases related to symmetry, isotropy, and conservation form. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for a variety of physics, including local and nonlocal diffusion processes and single and multiphase flows. For the flow physics we demonstrate this approach leads to a learned operator that generalizes to system characteristics not included in the training sets, such as variable particle sizes, densities, and concentration.
Generalized Estimating Equation and Generalized Linear Mixed Models

This chapter covers methods to model observations that are correlated. The modeling of correlated data requires an alternative to the joint likelihood to obtain the parameter estimates. One such method is based on modeling the marginal mean and another method is based on modeling the conditional mean. There are some fundamental differences between the two approaches to model correlated data.
Disparities in insurance coverage among hospitalized adult congenital heart disease patients before and after the Affordable Care Act

BACKGROUND Data are lacking regarding the insurance status of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). We investigated whether the Affordable Care Act (ACA) impacted insurance status among hospitalized ACHD, identified associated sociodemographic factors, and compared coverage to adults with other chronic childhood conditions. METHODS Serial cross-sectional analysis of National Inpatient Sample hospitalizations from 2007 to 2016 was performed for patients 18-64 years old. ACHD were identified using ICD-9/10-CM codes and compared to patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and the general population. Age was dichotomized as 18-25 years (transition aged) or 26-64 years. Groups were compared by era (pre-ACA [January 2007-June 2010]; early-ACA [July 2010-December 2013], which eliminated pre-existing condition exclusions; and full-ACA [January 2014-December 2016]) using interrupted time series and multivariable Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, uninsured hospitalizations decreased from pre-ACA (12.0%) to full-ACA (8.5%). After full ACA implementation, ACHD had lower uninsured rates than the general hospitalized population (6.0 vs. 8.6%, p < .01), but higher rates than those with other chronic childhood diseases (SCD [4.5%]; CF [1.6%]). Across ACA eras, transition aged ACHD had higher uninsured rates than older patients (8.9 vs. 7.6%, p < .01), and Hispanic patients remained less insured than other groups. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized ACHD were better insured than the general population but less insured than those with SCD or CF. Full ACA implementation was associated with improved insurance coverage for all groups, but disparities persisted for transition aged and Hispanic patients. Ongoing evaluation of the effects of insurance and health policy on ACHD remains critical to diminish health disparities.
Systematic tracking of mental health acute care visits: A model of care for college students.

Objective: College students who receive an acute care visit (ACV) from an emergency or inpatient unit require mental health follow-up (MHF) to improve long-term outcomes. This study describes tracking ACVs and MHF, while identifying characteristics of multiple vs. single ACVs.Participants: 191 students who received an ACV (N = 231) at one public university - enrollment approximately 39,000.Methods: For two academic years (AYs), students were tracked and offered timely MHF. Demographics, clinical information, utilization patterns, and rates of MHF were analyzed.Results: Primary reasons for an ACV were suicidal thinking (60.6%) and psychosis (13.9%). MHF improved between AYs (65.8% to 93.3%, X2 = 27.48, p < .01). Multiple vs. single visits were more likely to present with self-injurious behavior and psychosis and received more intensive follow-up yet, had similar rates of MHF.Conclusions: The primary reasons for an ACV - suicidal thinking and psychosis - underscore the importance of campus suicide prevention and psychosis-specific services.
The adaptive decision maker: Constructive processes in decision making

Introduction Over the past several chapters, we have developed our accuracy–effort framework based upon a top-down view of strategy selection. That is, we have assumed that a decision maker has a repertoire of strategies, evaluates the costs and benefits of those strategies given his or her a priori perceptions of the decision task, and then selects the particular strategy that represents the best accuracy–effort tradeoff for the task at hand. As we have seen in the previous chapter, there are data supporting such a goal-directed process of strategy selection. However, assuming both the use of single prototypical strategies and the notion of a top-down process of strategy selection is certainly too restrictive. Problem solvers not only use information extracted from the original problem definition in deciding what strategy to use but also use information they have already explored to identify promising paths for further search (Langley et al., 1987). That is, as people learn more about the problem structure during the course of making a decision, they can change their processing to exploit that structure. Such a view implies that individuals construct choice strategies on the spot during the course of making a decision (Bettman, 1979), which is a more bottom-up or data-driven view of strategy usage. Processing, in other words, can be opportunistic (Hayes-Roth & Hayes-Roth 1979). Several examples may clarify this concept. For instance, an individual may intend to evaluate a set of gambles using a weighted adding (expected value) strategy.
Primitive Accumulation in the Cultural Commons

A culture is a kind of common created by social communications and composed of both information and attention. Over the last hundred and forty years or so, the United States has seen an aggressive move toward the privatization of both the information and attention facets of the cultural commons. The model of a collectively governed commons offers a more democratic option than commodified communications.
Regularity Conditions for Vectorial Stationary Processes

We study regularity conditions for vectorial stationary processes of full rank. We reduce the general case to the case of minimal processes, and improve and simplify earlier results of [P3]. For processes satisfying “strong” regularity conditions we obtain definitive results. For completely regular and p-regular processes we obtain sufficient conditions.
Dendritic cells modified to express CD40 ligand elicit therapeutic immunity against preexisting murine tumors.

CD40 ligand (CD40L) is essential for the initiation of antigen-specific T-cell responses. This study is based on the hypothesis that dendritic cells (DCs) genetically modified ex vivo to express CD40L will enhance in vivo presentation of tumor antigen to the cellular immune system with consequent induction of antitumor immunity to suppress tumor growth. To examine this concept, subcutaneous murine tumors were injected with bone marrow-derived DCs that had been modified in vitro with an adenovirus (Ad) vector expressing murine CD40L (AdmCD40L). In B16 (H-2b, melanoma) and CT26 (H-2d, colon cancer) murine models, intratumoral injection of 2 × 106 AdmCD40L-modified DCs (CD40L-DCs) to established (day 8) subcutaneous tumors resulted in sustained tumor regression and survival advantage. This antitumor effect was sustained when the number of CD40L-DCs were reduced 10-fold to 2 × 105. Analysis of spleens from CD40L-DC–treated animals demonstrated that CD40L-DCs injected into the subcutaneous CT26 flank tumors migrated to the spleen, resulting in activation of immune-relevant processes. Consistent with this concept, intratumoral administration of CD40L-DCs elicited tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses, and the transfer of spleen cells from CD40L-DC–treated mice efficiently protected naive mice against a subsequent tumor challenge. In a distant 2-tumor model of metastatic disease, an untreated B16 tumor in the right flank regressed in parallel with a left B16 tumor treated with direct injection of CD40L-DCs. These results support the concept that genetic modification of DCs with a recombinant CD40L adenovirus vector may be a useful strategy for directly activating DCs for cancer immunotherapy.
A simulated-life validation experiment for fault-tolerant systems

A validation procedure for a fault tolerant system conducts a set of fault injection experiments according to certain assumptions and arguments. If the system successfully completes the experiments, then the system can be said to have a given reliability at some confidence level. This paper outlines the assumptions, arguments, and experiments for a possible validation procedure. >
Mechanisms establishing the mineralocorticoid hormone patterns in the 17α-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome

Abstract The sequential events leading to the final steroid pattern expressed in the untreated patient with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome (170HDS) is examined. Cessation of suppressive treatment of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in four patients with 170HDS resulted in a reemergence of increased amounts of all the major mineralocorticoid hormones: deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 18-hydroxy-corticosterone 180HB), and aldosterone. An ACTH-dependent rhythm was established for all mineralocorticoid hormones in the presence of a fixed renin system. A mechanism for suppression of aldosterone and elevation of 180HB in patients with 170HDS is proposed. Expansion of extracellular fluid by all mineralocorticoid hormones suppresses the renin system leading to reduction of aldosterone and 180HB. Further suppression is envisaged through intra-adrenal retardation of 18-hydroxylation, but the final expression of elevated 180HB and reduced aldosterone levels is the combined result of the retained sensitivity of 180HB to ACTH and the impedence of K in the conversion of 180HB to aldosterone.
EXTINCTION EFFECTS DURING THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE PROBLEM BEHAVIORS

Extinction effects were evaluated in a multiple baseline across behaviors design with 2 boys after just one of several target problem behaviors was observed during a functional analysis. Other target behaviors emerged as extinction was introduced sequentially across all problem behaviors. Results demonstrated an efficient strategy for simultaneously assessing multiple problem behaviors maintained by the same consequence.
Single Event Upset (SEU) of Semiconductor Devices - A Summary of JPL Test Data

A summary of the data on single event upset (bit flips) for sixt-y device types, having data storage elements, that were tested by JPL through May, 1982, is presented. The data were taken from fifteen accelerator tests with both protons and heavier ions.
Evaluation of the National Assessment of Educational Progress: Next Steps

The report, Evaluation of the National Assessment of Educational Progress, provides a number of recommendations for addressing validity concerns about NAEP. This article identifies actions that could be taken by the Congress, the National Center for Education Statistics, and the National Assessment Governing Board— which share responsibility for NAEP's validity— in responding to those concerns.
A review of shark satellite tagging studies

Recent advances in satellite tagging technologies have provided scientists growing opportunities to resolve previously unknown spatial ecology of marine predators, including sharks. Such an understanding is particularly important at this time given recent declines in shark populations worldwide. Here we reviewed 48 studies published in the primary literature between 1984 and 2010, addressing the most basic questions regarding the use of satellite tagging for studying shark behavior and ecology. For each study, the following aspects were analyzed: tagging location; species tagged; study focus; technology employed; sample size; tag attachment and deployment technique; duration of tracking; tag failure rate; and study limitation. The potential impacts of tagging on shark behavior and physiology are considered. Finally, we discuss how satellite tagging has furthered our current knowledge of shark behavior and consider the possibility of new tag developments that can improve our ability to resolve the mechanisms underlying shark habitat use.
Incidence of diaper rash when using cloth and disposable diapers

A FEW INVESTIGATORS have compared the incidence of diaper rash among users of disposable diapers and cloth diapers. Grant et al 1 surveyed more than 1,200 mothers and found the highest incidence of diaper rash among users of home-laundered cloth diapers. The lowest incidence of rash was noted for users of disposable diapers and commercially laundered cloth diapers, with no significant difference between the two. Wiener, 2 in a nonblinded study, made single observations on 146 one-month-old infants and reported a higher incidence of rash among users of disposable diapers than for cloth diaper users. No information was gathered on the frequency of diaper changes or recent occurrence of diarrhea or other minor illnesses. The present study evaluated the incidence of diaper rash in a blind, prospective study comparing cloth diapers to three types of disposable diapers.
Supported organoactinide complexes as heterogeneous catalysts. A kinetic and mechanistic study of facile arene hydrogenation

This contribution reports a kinetic and mechanistic study of arene hydrogenation by the supported organoactinide complexes Cp[prime]Th(benzyl)[sub 3]/DA (1/DA), Th(1,3,5-CH[sub 2]C[sub 6]H[sub 3]Me[sub 2])[sub 4]/DA (2/DA), and Th([eta][sup 3]-allyl)[sub 4]/DA (3/DA) where Cp[prime] = [eta][sup 5]-Me[sub 5]C[sub 5] and DA = dehydroxylated [gamma]-alumina. In slurry reactions (90[degrees]C, P[sub H[sub 2]] = 180 psi), the activity for benzene hydrogenation follows the order 1/DA toluene > p-xylene > naphthalene, with the regiochemistry of p-xylene reduction similar to that for benzene. Experiments with 1:1 benzene-p-xylene mixtures reveal that benzene is preferentially hydrogenated with almost complete exclusion of p-xylene ([approximately]97:3), inferring that the benzene binding constant to the active sites is [approximately]6.7[times] that of p-xylene. 51 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.« less
The Role of the Perceived Parent-Child Relationship on Latina Adolescent Depression

This study examined: (1) the relationship of familial factors to Latina adolescents’ depressive symptomology and, (2) the mediating role of parental connectedness in the relationships between perceived parental caring, academic interest and depression. The sample consisted of 276 Latina adolescents taken from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). A path model was hypothesized to illustrate the direct and indirect relationships between adolescent perceived mother connectedness, father connectedness, parental caring, parental academic interest, and depression. The hypothesized path model had good model fit: χ 2 (3, 224) = 6.53, p = .08; χ 2/df = 2.18; CFI = .99; TLI = .98; and RMSEA = .07. In addition, father connectedness was found to mediate the relationship between general caring and depression as well as academic interest and depressive symptoms. Mother connectedness mediated the relationship between general caring and depressive symptoms. Consideration of Latina adolescents’ perceived parent–child relationship is of particular salience when working with depressed Latinas. Findings will be discussed for intervention and prevention efforts for Latina teens.
OP21.06: Sizes of fetal cardiovascular structures across gestation

We sought to define growth parameters of normal fetal heart structures throughout gestation from our database of 2246 normal comprehensive fetal echocardiograms (FECHO). Methods In a retrospective cross sectional study, we evaluated the FECHO results of 2246 normal fetuses. Fetuses had been studied for reasons of family history of congenital heart disease or possible exposure to teratogenic medications, advanced maternal age without karyotyping, suspected abnormalities or difficulty in obtaining complete heart views. None of this group had structural or functional heart disease or arrhythmias. All measurements were performed on a Voluson 730 by one sonographer between 2006 and 2008. Standard cardiovascular diameter measurements were performed on frozen magnified, high resolution images. Valves were measured in long axis at the annulus during diastole with 2 leafets in the image. Systolic and diastolic ventricular measurements were made by follow-the-line methods. These included: ductus venosus size (DV), aorta annulus size (AoV), pulmonary valve annulus size (PV), tricuspid annulus size (TV), mitral annulus size (MV), superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) at the diaphragm sizes, as well as the M-mode measurements including interventricular septum at diastole (IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall dimension at diastole (LVPWD), interventricular septum at systole (IVSS), left ventricular posterior wall dimension at systole (LVPWS) across gestation. Results
The study of relaxation in asymmetrically strained Si 1-x Ge x/ Si superlattices

Asymmetrically strained Si/SiGe superlattices consisting of 12 nm Si/4 nm Si0.65Ge0.35 have been grown in Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and studied as a function of thermal treatments. Results indicate that initially, the interdiffusion is very rapid and non-linear, and at later annealing stages a steady-state interdiffusion is attained. Raman spectroscopy has been used to determine the Ge content and the strain independently, and to show that in the very early annealing stages, strain relaxation occurs predominantly by interdiffusion. This is supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which indicates that less than 10% of the initial strain relaxation is caused by dislocation formation. In addition, a low temperature relaxation has been observed which may be related to misoriented SiGe crystallites at the superlattice/substrate interface, and increased in size with annealing at 631‡ C.
Abuse Liability Assessment of Neuroprotectants

There has been considerable interest in the potential of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of a diverse group of neurological disorders including cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. The amino acids L-glutamate and L-aspartate have been shown to possibly mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) via selective excitatory amino acid receptors. Competitive and noncompetitive antagonists acting at the NMDA receptors have been shown to possess relevant activity. However, NMDA antagonists can produce a variety of adverse neurobehavioral effects in both animals and humans. These adverse events are particularly pronounced with NMDA antagonists (phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and MK-801) that have dissociative anesthetic properties and block NMDA receptor-mediated responses by binding to the cation channel of the NMDA receptor complex. When a new pharmaceutical product demonstrates structural similarity and/or a similar pharmacological profile with a known drug of abuse, the characterization of its abuse potential is needed by the FDA for scientific review. The abuse liability assessment is based upon an evaluation of data on the chemistry, pharmacology (preclinical and clinical), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic profiles of the drug, and the adverse events/effects reported in clinical trials. The evaluation of the drug's abuse potential is determined relative to pharmacologically similar drugs. This includes determination of the drug's receptor binding efficacy, preclinical pharmacology, reinforcing efficacy, discriminative stimulus effects, dependence-producing potential, pharmacokinetics, and assessment of the clinical efficacy-safety database relative to abuse and clinical abuse liability studies. It has been well established that high-affinity noncompetitive NMDA antagonists have reinforcing efficacy and can serve as discriminative stimuli in operant procedures. In a variety of species in drug discrimination studies, each antagonist is capable of generalizing to the others, and it is believed that these effects may be mediated through the NMDA blockade. The generalization of each substance for another suggests production of common subjective effects in humans.
Quantum optics: Towards efficient quantum sources

On-demand single-photon sources with high efficiency are required to realize many of the applications of quantum optics. By exploiting photonic mode transformation in a tapered nanowire, researchers have created a source that has an unprecedented extraction efficiency over an extremely broad spectral range.
Commutativity and spectra of Hermitian matrices

Abstract If two Hermitian matrices commute, then the eigenvalues of their sum are just the sums of the eigenvalues of the two matrices in a suitable order. Examples show that the converse is not true in general. In this paper, partial converses are obtained. The technique involves a characterization of the equality cases for Weyl's inequalities. Moreover, a new proof on the commutativity of two Hermitian matrices with property L and analogous results for the product of two positive definite Hermitian matrices are included.
Radiation Damage Studies of USn

Uranium stannide, the most stable intermetallic compound in the Uranium/Sn system, has the Cu 3 Au(LI 2 ) structure, and is paramagnetic to liquid He temperature. The magnetic susceptibility data are consistent with 5f band states rather than a localized electronic structure. Samples of this compound have been prepared both with depleted and 235 U enriched, as well as 119 Sn enriched starting material. Detailed 119m Sn Mossbauer effect studies have been carried out over the temperature range 78≤T≤300 K on 60 Co gamma ray irradiated, thermal neutron irradiated (depleted), and thermal neutron irradiated (enriched) samples, using the V 10 position of the Brookhaven HFR facility for the neutron irradiations (thermal/fast >3.6×10 2 ). The Mossbauer hyperfine parameters are: IS(78) = 2.45 mm/sec, Q.S.(78) 1.38 mm/sec for the unirradiated samples, consistent with the metallic nature of Sn in the USn 3 structure. No anomalous charge states have been identified in the Mossbauer spectra of the gamma or neutron irradiated samples. The free-atom lattice temperature is ∼250 K for the unirradiated sample, and shows only minor changes with 60 Co–γ radiation to a total dose of 1000 Megarad. Thermal neutron radiation (nvt ∼5×10 16 ) of the depleted sample results in a lowering of the lattice temperature to ∼240 K. Two hours heating at 800°C are sufficient to anneal the radiation damage as judged by lattice dynamical data. A sample enriched to 99.94% 235 U and irradiated to a fluence of ∼5×10 15 slow neutrons/cm 2 showed an increase in the freeatom lattice temperature to ∼275 K. A two hour anneal at 800°C restored this parameter to its original value. Resistivity data for these samples and their relationship to spin fluctuation temperatures will also be discussed.
A developmental adaptation of Panic Control Treatment for panic disorder in adolescence

Recent research indicates that panic disorder occurs in adolescence, often causing significant interference in daily life and activities that are essential to normal adolescent development. Although late adolescence has been suggested as the initial peak age of panic disorder onset, there is a paucity of research on the treatment of adolescent panic. Based on the well-established efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatments of panic disorder in adults, particularly Panic Control Treatment (PCT), an adaptation of PCT was developed for the treatment of panic disorder in adolescents. Case studies are presented of two adolescents treated using the adapted PCT protocol. Following 11 individual treatment sessions, each adolescent experienced substantial reductions in frequency of panic attacks, fear and avoidance of agoraphobic situations, and scores on self-report measures of anxiety and anxiety sensitivity. Implications for the treatment of panic disorder in adolescence are discussed.
Coaxial turbulent jet flames: Scaling relations for measured stoichiometric mixing lengths

Abstract Previous studies have quantified the fuel–air mixing processes within jet flames having a central fuel jet surrounded by an oxidizer coflow, where the mixing primarily occurs in the far field. The present work instead quantifies mixing within coaxial jet flames having a central jet of oxygen and a surrounding finite thickness coflow of hydrogen. These flames are relatively short and the primary mixing occurs in the near field. The stoichiometric mixing length ( L S ) was measured, which is the distance along the centerline at which the stoichiometric condition occurs. Values of L S were measured for a wide range of velocity ratios for both reacting and nonreacting cases using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Acetone PLIF was utilized for nonreacting cases, while OH PLIF was used for reacting. In nonreacting cases the use of a nondimensional momentum flux ratio collapses the nonreacting coaxial jet values of L S to a single curve, which confirms previous theory. It also was found that the reacting and nonreacting coaxial jet data collapses approximately to a single curve, if one uses both the nondimensional momentum flux ratio and an effective outer flow gas density which is predicted by the analysis of Tacina and Dahm.
Medical diagnosis of type A behavior

The objective of this investigation was to develop a medically oriented examination (including a search for physical signs in addition to elicitation of symptoms) for the accurate diagnosis of type A and type B behaviors. Comprising the study were 99 post-myocardial infarction patients, 15 clinically well persons in whom clinical coronary heart disease subsequently developed, and 23 healthy type B subjects. All participants were subjected to a videotaped clinical examination during which, in addition to eliciting responses to questions, 14 possible physical or psychomotor signs (many of which are newly discovered) of type A behavior were also observed. Each physical sign and symptom was given an arbitrarily weighted score (according to its observed frequency of occurrence in previously studied and authenticated type A behavior). These total scores were then statistically analyzed to obtain a critical "diagnostic score" for the presence of type A behavior. The medically oriented videotaped clinical examination detected the presence of type A behavior in 97 of 99 (98%) successively examined postinfarction patients and in 14 of 15 (93%) subjects who were clinically well at the time of their videotaped clinical examination but who subsequently had clinical coronary heart disease. Conversely type A behavior was diagnosed by videotaped clinical examination in only 1 of 23 (4%) healthy men who previously had been found to exhibit type B behavior by prior diagnostic procedures.
Stress relaxation of austenitic stainless steels at 290 °c

Stress relaxation tests were performed on three austenitic stainless steels at 290 °C. The tests were conducted in a strain controlled servo-hydraulic test machine near yield point strain levels. This kind of stress relaxation test simulates the strain history of a bolted joint. Long-term relaxation behavior is conservatively estimated by using high temperature relaxation data to extrapolate the 290 °C test data. This extrapolation allows the designer to conservatively estimate the pretension remaining in a bolt throughout its life.
Variational reduced-density-matrix calculation of the one-dimensional Hubbard model

Variational reduced-density-matrix theory is applied to calculating the ground-state energy and two-electron reduced density matrices (2-RDMs) of the one-dimensional Hubbard model for a range of interaction strengths. The 2-RDM is constrained to represent an $N$-particle wave function by two sets of $N$-representability conditions, known as the 2- and partial 3-positivity conditions. Variational optimization of the energy with the 2-RDM constrained by $N$-representability conditions is performed using a first-order semidefinite-programming algorithm that was developed for treating atoms and molecules [D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213001 (2004)]. Accurate energies for a broad range of interaction strengths indicate that the variational 2-RDM method is a valuable tool for studying strongly correlated electrons.
Biomac: Block structured programming using PDP‐11 assembler language

Users of small computers must often program in assembler language. Macros are described which assist in the construction of block structured programs in assembler language. The macros are used in practical day-to-day programming in a cardiac electrophysiology laboratory in which the coarse grained control provided by the local FORTRAN compiler is not sufficient for, and even hinders, the writing of clear, easy to understand programs. The macros provide nestable control structures in place of the less structured transfers of conventional assembler language. The arithmetic and input/output control provided by the architecture of the machine is left fully available. The control structures implemented include conditional (IF, CASE), iteration (WHILE, REPEAT/UNTIL, FOR) and subroutine (PROC, CALL, etc.) constructs. No control of variable scope is provided. The macro implementation is discussed along with the code generated. There is a discussion of architectural features which allow the macros to be independent of specific register usage and addressing mode. Experience with use of the macros in a high-speed, real-time data acquisition and display environment is presented. We conclude that these macros are easy to use and assist in program readability and documentation.
Legacy of the Seasat mission for studies of the atmosphere and air-sea-ice interactions

Studies of midlatitude and tropical cyclones and regional weather and climate analyses are examined. Consideration is also given to studies of long swell, sea ice, and continental ice sheets with Seasat data. Many of these results of the Seasat mission were serendipitous. In preparation for the major NASA initiative for the next decade, the Earth Observing Satellite program, it was thought timely to bring some of the Seasat experiences to the fore, since valuable lessons can be learned from the successes and the failures (or omissions) of the Seasat program. Data have been obtained about: (1) the synergistic value of integrated overlapping sampling by several instruments, (2) the invaluable contribution of carefully planned surface measurements, and (3) the importance of retaining flexibility in the system (enough data retention) to allow unexpected and innovative analysis techniques. 72 refs.
Do the polls affect elections? Some 1980 evidence

This paper finds that the relatively favorable standing of Ronald Reagan in the preelection polls helped to generate a bandwagon effect in the 1980 presidential election. The models tested here suggest that this effect was most pronounced among voters who had the weakest prior political opinions and hence were most susceptible to suggestion through the media. While the bandwagon effect that is generated is modest, after controlling for an array of other political biases, it is substantial enough to warrant further attention as the dissemination of poll results becomes an increasingly attractive news “event.”
Singlet oxygen oxidation of substituted thiobenzamides

Abstract The relative rates of oxidation by singlet oxygen of a series of p -substituted thiobenzamides follow a Hammett ϱσ correlation with ϱ = −0.39 indicating that the oxidation proceeds via an electrophilic process. Initial product determinations and comparison with other examples of oxidation of thiocarbonyl compounds by singlet oxygen suggest that the reaction proceeds by attack of singlet oxygen at the sulfur atom.