cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing fishbone aisles for dual-command operations in a warehouse

Unit-load warehouses store and retrieve unit-loads, typically pallets. When storage and retrieval operations are not coordinated, travel is from a pickup and deposit (P&D) point to a pallet location and back again. In some facilities, workers interleave storage and retrieval operations to form a dual-command cycle. Two new aisle designs proposed by Gue and Meller (“Improving the unit-load warehouse.” In Progress in Material Handling Research: 2006. Material Handling Industry of America, Charlotte, NC, 2006) use diagonal aisles to reduce the travel distance to a single pallet location by approximately 10 and 20[percnt] for the two designs, respectively. We develop analytical expressions for travel between pallet locations for one of these—the fishbone design. We then compare fishbone warehouses that have been optimized for dual-command to traditional warehouses that have been optimized in the same manner, and show that an optimal fishbone design reduces dual-command travel by 10–15%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 54: 389–403, 2009
Inguinal hernia in children: Factors affecting recurrence in 62 cases

Abstract This report analyzes factors associated with 71 recurrent inguinal hernias in 62 children treated between 1976 and 1988. Cases were evaluated for sex, age, type of initial repair, interval to recurrence, the presence of comorbid conditions, and type of reoperation. There were 57 boys and 5 girls. Sixty percent of patients were less than 6 months old and 72% were less than 1 year of age at the time of the initial repair. Recurrence was on the right in 74%, left in 24%, and bilateral in 2%. Recurrence was noted by 6 months in 50%, by 2 years in 76%, and by 5 years in 96%. Comorbid conditions were present in 60% of cases, including increased intraabdominal pressure (ventriculoperitoneal [VP] shunts), growth failure, prematurity, chronic pulmonary disease, bladder exstrophy, connective tissue disorders, crytorchism, seizure disorder, and malnutrition. Incarceration was a factor in four of the 62 cases. Seven patients had multiple recurrences. Fifty-one recurrences were indirect, whereas 20 were direct inguinal hernias. Inadequate high ligation (three with chromic catgut), wound infection, and groin hematoma were other findings. The direct hernias may be related to injury to the floor of the canal during initial repair. Recurrent repair included high ligation of the sac alone (20), high ligation plus snugging of a large internal ring (11), and high ligation with repair of the iliopubic tract in patients with VP shunts, connective tissue disorder, or weak floor (20). All direct hernias had a Cooper's ligament (McVay) repair. Two direct hernias recurred again and were successfully repaired using a preperitoneal approach. Adequate high ligation at the internal ring, snugging of a large internal ring, avoidance of injury to the canal floor, and closure of the internal ring in girls are important operative considerations in preventing indirect hernia recurrence. Selected patients with connective tissue disorders, poor nutrition, and increased intraabdominal pressure (ascites, VP shunts) associated with weak floor tissues should undergo iliopubic tract repair to prevent recurrence. Cooper's ligament repair is usually successful in cases of direct inguinal hernia; the preperitoneal repair is advantageous in patients with multiple recurrences.
Down syndrome and craniovertebral instability : Topic review and treatment recommendations

The diagnosis and management of occipital-atlantal and atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome patients is a challenging problem in pediatric spine surgery. To date, no systematic review of this topic has been presented on this confusing and sometimes contentious issue. This topic review will focus on the biomechanical and radiographic foundations for which treatment recommendations in Down syndrome patients are made. In addition, otolaryngologic and anesthetic considerations in Down syndrome are also discussed, as well as advances in surgery that have made the operative fusion of these patients easier and safer.
Rapid and reversible block of electrical activity by powerful marine biotoxins.

Puffer-fish poison and clam poison reversibly inhibit conduction in single nerve fiber preparation of frog in a concentration of 3 x 10-10 M. In the isolated electroplax of Electrophorus electricus higher concentrations block both transmission and conduction. Neither toxin is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The mechanism of action of these toxins in blocking transmission and conduction has not yet been established.
A search for star formation in the Smith Cloud

Motivated by the idea that a subset of high-velocity clouds (HVCs) trace dark matter sub- structure in the Local Group, we search for signs of star formation in the Smith Cloud, a nearby ∼2 × 10 6 MHVC currently falling into the Milky Way. Using GALEX NUV and WISE/2MASS NIR photometry, we apply a series of colour and apparent magnitude cuts to isolate candidate O and B stars that are plausibly associated with the Smith Cloud. We find an excess of stars along the line of sight to the cloud, but not at a statistically significant level relative to a control region. The number of stars found in projection on the cloud after removing an estimate of the contamination by the Milky Way implies an average star forma- tion rate surface density of 10 −4.8±0.3 Myr −1 kpc −2 , assuming the cloud has been forming stars at a constant rate since its first passage through the Milky Way ∼70 Myr ago. This value is consistent with the star formation rate expected based on the average gas density of the cloud. We also discuss how the newly discovered star-forming galaxy Leo P has very similar properties to the Smith Cloud, but its young stellar population would not have been detected at a statistically significant level using our method. Thus, we cannot yet rule out the idea that the Smith Cloud is really a dwarf galaxy.
Settling and deformation of a thin elastic shell on a thin fluid layer lying on a solid surface.

placement of a soft contact lens onto the cornea, the upper eyelid deforms and settles the lens by squeezing fluid out of the post-lens tear film or POLTF (i.e., the tear fluid layer sandwiched between the lens and the cornea). This paper studies the physical mechanisms that control the dynamic state of the contact lens during blinking, i.e., its shape and its distance from the cornea, especially a long time after insertion. We model the lens as a deformable elastic shell and the cornea as a flat nondeformable body. The tear fluid is assumed to be Newtonian, and the lens is characterized by an elastic modulus and a Poisson ratio. Lubrication equations under creeping flow are used to solve the fluid problem, while the thin-shell approximation is applied to the solid lens. The solid and fluid mechanics problems are coupled by maintaining continuity of stress and velocity at the solid/liquid interface. Lid applied pressure causes the lens to approach the cornea by squeezing tear fluid out and also leads to the deformation of the lens. Subsequently, in the interblink period, since there is no applied force, the elastic energy stored in the lens due to its deformation is released causing it to move away from the cornea by imbibing tear fluid into the POLTF. If the POLTF thickness is large, the inward motion of the lens in the blink is more than the outward motion during interblink, and this causes the lens to settle closer to the cornea. Eventually, there may be a balance of the inward motion during the blink and the outward motion during the interblink. If so, the lens subsequently exhibits periodic steady-state motion. However, it is also possible that a balance of inward and outward motion is never achieved, and the lens continues to settle endlessly. If this happens, then the thinfilm interactions between the mucin-covered corneal surface and the lens material determine whether the lens actually touches the cornea and possibly adheres. Our elastohydrodynamic analysis serves as a useful tool to elucidate the effects of various lens parameters on the final settled state of the lens. In particular, we are concerned about eventual adherence and/or mechanical abrasion to the cornea, which is very important to the ocular health of soft contact lens wearers.
Management and Outcomes of Ventricular Assist Device Patients with Suspected Pump Thrombosis

Purpose To characterize the treatment of suspected clinical pump thrombosis in durable continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and report clinical outcomes. Methods and Materials A retrospective analysis of patients with suspected pump thrombosis in patients with a continuous flow durable LVAD from 1/1/2006 through 11/1/2012. Suspected pump thrombosis was defined as laboratory evidence of hemolysis including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH >600) with a high clinical suspicion of thrombosis including elevated pump power, recurrent heart failure, increase in LV dimensions measured by echocardiography, increase in aortic valve opening or elevated filling pressures on right heart catheterization. Results Thirty-three patients were identified with suspected pump thrombosis of a total of 217 continuous flow VAD implants 15.2%. The overall mortality rate was 45.5% (15/33). Twenty-four were treated medically with eptifibatide (9 patients), alteplase (5 patients) or both (10 patients). Nine patients recovered without further therapy. Eight medically treated patients went on to require pump exchange and seven patients died following medical therapy ( Figure 1 ). 5 patients were directly taken for pump exchange and of those one patient was transplanted, two died and 2 are alive on support.[ figure1 ]Rates of thrombosis were 15.8% in HeartMate II and 11.8% in HeartWare devices. Conclusions Incidence of suspected pump thrombosis is higher than previously reported and has a high mortality rate. Treatment with antiplatelet and/or thrombolytic therapy is an acceptable initial strategy in some patients. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal management strategy for patients with suspected pump thrombosis.
CYCLIC CHANGES IN BLOOD CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND FAT IN RELATION TO EGG LAYING AND ESTROGEN PRODUCTION

THE DATA brought together here seem useful wholly apart from their contribution to a symposium on the relation of endocrines to skeletal development. In egg-laying vertebrates periods of egg production are associated with surprisingly large changes in serum calcium, lipoid phosphorus and fat; and the ebb and flow of these substances is here regulated by estrogen. In mammals such cyclic changes and such responses to estrogen are so attenuated, so obscure, or so limited in duration that the literature of the subject to date is over-filled with contradiction. Estrogens have a like action on the bones of birds and mammals but it is evident that the blood changes in egg-laying species should be told as a unified, uncomplicated story. In connection with such a statement we draw attention to certain unsolved problems and also present a series of five figures containing hitherto unpublished data.
Minimum-length mhd accelerator with constant enthalpy and magnetic field

I a lecent article, Drake has presented a method for determining the minimum length of crossed-field MHD accelerators with specified entrance and exit conditions Drake has assumed that the temperature (which is pioportional to enthalpy for a perfect gas) was constant throughout the accelerator and has developed a numerical procedure for finding the minimum length In many practical cases, the joule heating per unit volume is small compared with the net local electrical power input For these cases, it is possible to solve the minimum-length problem in closed form This solution is indicated herein for the case of constant enthalpy, magnetic field, and electrical conductivity A brief comparison is made with the constant enthalpy accelerator solution presented in Ref 2 The notation and configuration are the same as in Ref 2 The one-dimensional equations of motion, neglecting heat conduction, viscous effects, and ion slip, and assuming constant enthalpy, are as follows:
Use of voice recognition for control of a robotic welding workcell

This paper describes work underway to evaluate the effectiveness of voice recognition systems as an element in the control of a robotic welding workcell. Factors being considered for control include program editor access security, preoperation checklist requirements, welding process variable control, and robot manipulator motion overrides. In the latter two categories, manual vocal control is being compared against manual tactile control and fully automatic control in terms of speed of response, accuracy, stability, reliability, and safety.
Goldman on Level Generation and Act Token

Suppose Smith forgets about the pain in his toe. Has he performed an action? One might think that he has, for he can be advised or urged to forget about his pain and he can try to do so and fail or succeed at it. However, neither of these is a sufficient condition for something's being an action. Being brave is not an action, but one can be advised or urged to be brave. Nor is understanding, but one can try to understand. I take it that it is a necessary though not sufficient condition for something's being an action that the verb designating the action take the progressive. It is not a sufficient condition, for sleeping is not an action. But 'sleep' can take the progressive. It is not odd to say 'Jones is sleeping'. In contrast Smith's forgetting the pain in his toe is not an action. Were he asked what he is doing, it would be odd for him to say 'I am forgetting about the pain in my toe'. However, as I shall show, on A. I. Goldman's theory of human action, forgetting turns out to be an action.' The central purpose in Goldman's valuable book is to tell us what a human action is. He begins by arguing that what he designates as the Anscombe-Davidson identity thesis is incorrect (pp. I-2). Suppose S flips the switch, turns on the lights, and illuminates the room. According to the identity thesis, only one action has been performed, but it has been described in different ways. Goldman argues that S has performed not one action, but three. Further he contends that if three different acts have been performed in this case, then there must be some relationship among them. Goldman claims that S illuminates the room by turning on the lights, and turns on the lights by flipping the switch. As an analysis of this relationship, Goldman introduces the technical notion of 'level-generation'. S's flipping the switch generates S's illuminating the room. Level-generation plays a role in Goldman's definition of 'act-token'. If A is level-generated by an act token, then A is an act-token. First, I show that on Goldman's analysis of 'act-token', and 'levelgeneration', S's forgetting about the pain in his toe is level-generated by an act-token and so, contrary to what I take to be facts, Goldman is committed to its being an act token. Second, I revise Goldman's definition of 'level-generation' in a way which circumvents my criticism. It might seem incompatible with forgetting not being an action that one can be advised or urged to forget, one can try to do so, and one can fail or succeed at it. Lastly, then, I shall offer an explanation for these facts which is compatible with my contention that forgetting is not an action. Goldman recursively defines 'act-token' as follows:
Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of fluorinated oxide catalysts: II. Fluorinated alumina and aluminosilicates

Abstract Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been used as direct spectroscopic probes of the local chemical environments of the hydroxyl groups and fluorine atoms of fluorinated aluminas and aluminosilicates. Analysis of the fluorine spectra of fluorinated alumina indicates that fluoride ions bond to the aluminum atoms of the oxide. Fluorination of aluminosilicates containing 11 wt% alumina results in fluoride ions bound only to silicon atoms. Fluorination of aluminosilicates containing 48 wt% alumina results in the formation of both SiF and A1F bonds. Data obtained from Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill experiments show that the hydroxyl groups and fluorine atoms are isolated from like nuclei for aluminosilicates having fluorine concentrations up to 5 wt%.
Does the capacity of ribosomes to control translation fidelity change with age

The stress of increased magnesium concentration and of antibiotic action was used to test for changes in the capacity of ribosomes to maintain the fidelity of translation in protein synthesis during aging. Elongation fidelity of ribosomes isolated from livers of young adult (6-10 months, n=9) and old (23-24 months, n=11) rats was assessed for poly(U) message through the error co-incorporation of leucine (Leu) with phenylalanine (Phe), using controlled rate measurements. No statistically significant difference in the error response of ribosomes from young and old animals was detected on manipulating magnesium. The maximum Phe and Leu rates occurred at approximately 8 and approximately 11 mM Mg2+, respectively; the relative error frequency (Leu/Phe ratio) at the Leu maximum was approximately 2%. The aminoglycoside paromomycin (PM) elicited a considerably higher degree of error incorporation: 12-14% Leu/Phe in the range of the Leu rate maximum, 40-60 microM paromomycin, at 9 mM Mg2+. A statistically significant increase was detected in the error frequency for ribosomes from old as compared with young animals (at p less than 0.02) between 20 and 60 microM paromomycin, the largest increase (approximately 9%) occurring at the Leu rate maximum. Also, the ribosomes from the old animals, in terms of the error frequency, were found to be significantly more sensitive to paromomycin concentration (at p less than 0.02) up to the Leu maximum. These results indicate that liver ribosomes of old rats may have a slightly decreased capacity to maintain fidelity, which can be expressed under particular conditions.
Optical Lumped Element Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, have proven to be a powerful cryogenic detector technology due to their sensitivity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed into large arrays. An MKID is an energy sensor based on a photon-variable superconducting inductance in a lithographed microresonator. It is capable of functioning as both a photon detector across the electromagnetic spectrum and a particle detector. We have recently demonstrated the world's first photon-counting, energy-resolving, ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared MKID focal plane array in the ARCONS camera at the Palomar 200" telescope. Optical Lumped Element (OLE) MKID arrays have significant advantages over semiconductor detectors such as charge coupled devices (CCDs). They can count individual photons with essentially no false counts and determine the energy (to a few percent) and arrival time (to ≈1μs) of every photon, with good quantum efficiency. Initial devices were degraded by substrate events from photons passing through the Titanium Nitride (TiN) material of the resonator and being absorbed in the substrate. Recent work has eliminated this issue, with a solution found to be increasing the thickness of the TiN resonator from 20 to 60 nm.
On fatigue-induced reversion and overaging in dispersion strengthened alloy systems

The low fatigue strength/U.T.S. ratios of dispersion strengthened aluminum alloys may be explained by the presence of transgranular, precipitate-free bands in their microstructures. Since transgranular crack initiation and growth is frequently observed in such alloys, these bands appear to be as weak as the other type of precipitate-free band which is associated with grain boundaries. It has been suggested that the bands are formed by fatigue-induced reversion of the precipitates. An alternative suggestion for their formation, viz., that the bands develop naturally as part of the precipitate aging sequence, is proposed and tested by examination of the structures, using transmission electron microscopy, in Al-4% Cu and Al-5.57%Zn-2.50%Mg alloys both before and after cycling. Since bands with equal frequency of occurrence and similar structures have been observed in both situations, strong support for the aging inhomogeneity hypothesis has been obtained, i.e. fatigue cracks will initiate in the soft, precipitate-free regions already existing in the alloys. Previous circumstantial evidence for the reversion viewpoint is reconsidered and can be interpreted as also supporting the aging inhomogeneity hypothesis. While the latter is preferred on the basis of more direct evidence, the reversion mechanism may operate in a few isolated cases, uch as in the fatigue of Fe-C; alloys.
The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation

In Africa the variability of rainfall in space and time is high, and the general availability of historical gauge data is low. This makes many food security and hydrologic preparedness activities difficult. In order to help overcome this limitation, we have created the Collaborative Historical African Rainfall Model (CHARM). CHARM combines three sources of information: climatologically aided interpolated (CAI) rainfall grids (monthly/0.5° ), National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis precipitation fields (daily/1.875° ) and orographic enhancement estimates (daily/0.1° ). The first set of weights scales the daily reanalysis precipitation fields to match the gridded CAI monthly rainfall time series. This produces data with a daily/0.5° resolution. A diagnostic model of orographic precipitation, VDELB—based on the dot-product of the surface wind V and terrain gradient (DEL) and atmospheric buoyancy B—is then used to estimate the precipitation enhancement produced by complex terrain. Although the data are produced on 0.1° grids to facilitate integration with satellite-based rainfall estimates, the ‘true’ resolution of the data will be less than this value, and varies with station density, topography, and precipitation dynamics. The CHARM is best suited, therefore, to applications that integrate rainfall or rainfall-driven model results over large regions. The CHARM time series is compared with three independent datasets: dekadal satellite-based rainfall estimates across the continent, dekadal interpolated gauge data in Mali, and daily interpolated gauge data in western Kenya. These comparisons suggest reasonable accuracies (standard errors of about half a standard deviation) when data are aggregated to regional scales, even at daily time steps. Thus constrained, numerical weather prediction precipitation fields do a reasonable job of representing large-scale diurnal variations. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On algebras of operators of finite rank

Abstract Algebras of operators of finite rank are studied. Some structure theorems are presented. Results are used to study Banach representations of C∗-algebras and isolated points of the dual of C∗-algebras.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Blocking Assembly of the Inflammasome

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system. NLRP3 activation is induced by diverse stimuli associated with bacterial infection or tissue damage, but its inappropriate activation is involved in the pathogenesis of inherited and acquired inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanism by which NLRP3 is activated remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of kinases in NLRP3 inflammasome activation by screening a kinase inhibitor library and identified 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene (MNS) as an inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, MNS did not affect the activation of the NLRC4 or AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) inflammasome. Mechanistically, MNS specifically prevented NLRP3-mediated ASC speck formation and oligomerization without blocking potassium efflux induced by NLRP3 agonists. Surprisingly, Syk kinase, the reported target of MNS, did not mediate the inhibitory activity of MNS on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We also found that the nitrovinyl group of MNS is essential for the inhibitory activity of MNS. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and mutation studies suggest that both the nucleotide binding oligomerization domain and the leucine-rich repeat domain of NLRP3 were the intracellular targets of MNS. Administration of MNS also inhibited NLRP3 ATPase activity in vitro, suggesting that MNS blocks the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly targeting NLRP3 or NLRP3-associated complexes. These studies identified a novel chemical probe for studying the molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation which may advance the development of novel strategies to treat diseases associated with abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Plant-mediated interactions between insects and a fungal plant pathogen and the role of plant chemical responses to infection

Diverse organisms simultaneously exploit plants in nature, but most studies do not examine multiple types of exploiters like phytophagous insects and fungal, bacterial, and viral plant pathogens. This study examined patterns of induction of antipathogenic peroxidase enzymes and phenolics after infection by the cucurbit scab fungus, Cladosporium cucumerinum, and then determined if induction mediated ecological effects on Colletotrichum orbiculare, another fungal pathogen, and two insect herbivores, spotted cucumber beetles, and melon aphids. Peroxidase induction occurred in inoculated, `local,' symptom-bearing leaves 3 days after inoculation, and in `systemic,' symptom-free leaves on the same plants 1 day later. Phenolics were elevated in systemic but not in local leaves 3 days after inoculation. Detached systemic leaves from plants inoculated with C. cucumerinum developed significantly fewer and smaller lesions after challenge with C. orbiculare. Spotted cucumber beetles did not show consistently significant preferences for infected versus control leaf disks in comparisons using local or systemic leaves, but trends differed significantly between leaf positions. In no-choice tests, beetles removed more leaf area from local but not from systemic infected leaves compared to control leaves, and melon aphid reproduction was enhanced on local infected leaves. In the field, cucumber beetle and melon aphid densities did not differ between infected and control plants. Antipathogenic plant chemical responses did not predict reduced herbivory by insects. Other changes in metabolism may explain the positive direction and spatially dependent nature of plant-mediated interactions between pathogens and insects in this system.
Identification of breast cancer transcortin and its inhibitory role in cell-mediated immunity.

THE successful development and maintenance of a neoplastic malignancy is generally accepted to result from a temporary or lasting suppression of cell-mediated immune mechanisms. Many studies illustrate that whereas lymphocytes of a cancer patient are functionally sound, their participation in cell-mediated immune responses to an anti-genie neoplasm is abrogated by factors present in the plasma1. Among such factors identified are certain plasma proteins whose concentrations are markedly higher in the plasma of the cancer patient2. We have shown that the content of transcortin, the cortisol-binding protein of human plasma, is higher in patients with demonstrable cancer3, and since transcortin inhibits the response of human lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin4, a test generally accepted as demonstrative of active cell-mediated potential, we have attempted to study the relationship of such elevated levels of plasma transcortin to breast cancer.
Amplitudes of protein backbone dynamics and correlated motions in a small alpha/beta protein: correspondence of dipolar coupling and heteronuclear relaxation measurements.

Backbone residual dipolar coupling (N-H, Calpha-Halpha, N-C', and Calpha-C') data collected in five different media on the B3 IgG binding domain of streptococcal protein G (GB3) have been analyzed by simultaneous refinement of the coordinates and optimization of the magnitudes and orientations of the alignment tensors using single and multiple structure representations. We show, using appropriate error analysis, that agreement between observed and calculated dipolar couplings at the level of experimental uncertainty is obtained with a two-structure (N(e) = 2) ensemble representation which represents the simplest equilibrium description of anisotropic motions. The data permit one to determine the magnitude of the anisotropic motions along the four different backbone bond vectors in terms of order parameters. The order parameters, , for the N-H bond vectors are in qualitative agreement with the generalized order parameters, S(2)NH(relaxation), derived from (15)N relaxation measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. S(2)NH(relaxation) can be regarded as the product of an anisotropic order parameter, corresponding to derived from the residual dipolar couplings, and an axially symmetric order parameter, S(2)NH(axial), corresponding to bond librations which are expected to be essentially uniform along the polypeptide chain. The current data indicate that the average value of S(2)NH(axial) is approximately 0.9. The close correspondence of and S(2)NH(relaxation) indicates that any large-scale displacements from the mean coordinate positions on time scales longer than the rotational correlation time are rare and hence do not perturb the observed dipolar couplings. Analysis of a set of 100 N(e) = 2 ensembles reveals the presence of some long-range correlated motions of N-H and Calpha-Halpha vectors involving residues far apart in the sequence but close together in space. In addition, direct evidence is obtained for ubiquitous crankshaft motions along the entire length of the polypeptide backbone manifested by the anticorrelation of the backbone torsion angles phi(i) and psi(i-1).
A psychological analysis of "resistance" fighters during World War II.

(1968). A Psychological Analysis of “Resistance” Fighters During World War II. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 267-280.
Development of Bayesian diagnostic models using troubleshooting flow diagrams

Bayesian networks have recently become a modeling technique of choice for development of flexible, accurate, and complex diagnostic systems. These characteristics are obtained, however, at the significant cost of data and expert knowledge. It is often the case that a troubleshooting flow diagram, the most popular way of representing troubleshooting procedures, is already available for the system and can be used as a starting point for design of the Bayesian network. It turns out that conversion of the flow diagram into a Bayesian network is very similar to conversion into a diagnostic case base. We compare the case base and Bayesian network obtained by conversion with the original flow diagram, from the point of view of their diagnostic performance. We also describe a procedure for cost and time efficient enhancement of the original case base and Bayesian network. We discuss the sequencing algorithms necessary to use case bases and Bayesian networks in troubleshooting, with particular attention to decision tree and Value of Information based sequencing. We have used our design procedure in development of several complex diagnostic systems for troubleshooting of satellites, vehicles, and test equipment.
Detection of Changes in Global Structural Stiffness Coefficients Using Acceleration Feedback

This technical note presents an extension of a previous study where two methods for detecting structural damage have been developed by using displacement and velocity measurements. In this study, acceleration feedback is used in detecting changes in global structural stiffness coefficients of lumped-mass-shear-beam models. The previously developed method relies on the decoupling of effects of changes in stiffness at different locations and the use of displacement or velocity feedback has proven to be effective. Extension to the use of acceleration feedback using existing formulation is not trivial in that the desired decoupling effect cannot be achieved by simple coordinate transformation because the acceleration itself is directly related to the stiffness coefficients. An approach to circumvent this difficulty is presented and it involves increasing the order of time derivatives of the linear system so that the acceleration becomes the "velocity" of the new system. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using an illustrative example of a three-story model with stiffness changes at different floors. Numerical studies are also conducted to evaluate the time horizons required to normalize monitor outputs for the effective and efficient detection of stiffness changes.
Parsing Spontaneous and Evoked Neurotransmission on Both Sides of the Synapse

At least three distinct forms of synaptic transmission have been described at excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the CNS. Under resting conditions, presynaptic terminals spontaneously release individual synaptic vesicles, producing miniature postsynaptic currents. When a presynaptic terminal is
DNA-Templated Dimerization of Hairpin Polyamides

Double-helical DNA accelerates the rate of ligation of two six-ring hairpin polyamides which bind adjacent sites in the minor groove via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to form a tandem dimer. The rate of the templated reaction is dependent on DNA sequence as well as on the distance between the hairpin-binding sites. The tandem dimer product of the DNA-templated reaction has improved binding properties with respect to the smaller hairpin fragments. Since cell and nuclear uptake of DNA-binding polyamides will likely be dependent on size, this is a minimum first step toward the design of self-assembling small gene-regulating fragments to produce molecules of increasing complexity with more specific genomic targeting capabilities.
Progress in multidisciplinary sensing of the 4-dimensional ocean

Many luminaries of oceanography have articulated the problem of adequately sampling a multiplicity of interdisciplinary ocean processes. Progress has accelerated within the past two decades as societal and naval interests in monitoring and predicting the state of the ocean environment has heightened. Oceanographers are capitalizing on a host of new platform and sensing technologies. Some recent programs contributing to improved 4-dimensional open and coastal ocean multi-disciplinary observations are used to highlight the development of new integrated optical, chemical, and physical measurement systems that can be deployed from stationary and mobile platforms to telemeter data in near real-time or real-time. For example, the NOPP O-SCOPE and MOSEAN projects have developed and tested several optical and chemical sensors in deep waters off Bermuda and Hawaii, at OWS 'P' in the North Pacific Ocean, and in coastal waters off Santa Barbara and Monterey, California. Most of the testing for these projects has been conducted using moorings; however, NOPP instrumentation is also being used on mobile platforms including AUVs, profiling floats, and gliders. Progress in adequately sampling the temporal and spatial variability of selected ocean 'sampling volumes' using multi-platform, multi-disciplinary sampling is described using examples from selected recent programs.
Effect of Polyethylene Crosslinking and Bearing Design on Wear of Unicompartmental Arthroplasty.

Abstract Wear and polyethylene damage continue to be important factors affecting outcomes of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. We compared two design rationales for unicompartmental arthroplasty: fully congruent mobile bearings; or moderately conforming fixed bearings using experimental and computational wear simulation. Experimental wear rates were 3.89 (± 0.12) mg/million cycles for the highly crosslinked Triathlon PKR fixed bearing compared to 18.35 (± 0.19) mg/million cycles for the low crosslinked Oxford mobile bearing. Finite element analysis was used to calculate the effect of crosslinking and backside wear. Increase in polyethylene crosslinking reduced wear by 68% while backside wear comprised 46% of the total wear in the mobile bearing. Increasing conformity may not be the sole predictor of wear performance and highly crosslinked fixed-bearing polyethylene insert can also provide high wear performance.
Reproducibility of Florida weathering data

Abstract We have investigated the consistency and reproducibility of Florida outdoor weathering data for aromatic engineering thermoplastics. Weather and broadband (295–385 nm) UV dose data for the 14-year period from 1989 to 2002 show that considerable variability is expected for exposures with duration
Hypopituitary dwarfism with abnormal sella turcica (ST) in a father and son

Familial cases of panhypopituitary dwarfism (PD) are rare and the type of inheritance has been autosomal recessive or sex linked.PD associated with hypoplastic pituitary and abnormal ST, as an isolated defect, has rarely been reported in siblings.Our report refers to a unique occurence of pituitary dwarfism with small pituitary fossa and abnormal sphenoidal bone in a father and son (Father:GH ↓ son: ↓ GH,ACTH,TSH and pitressin).The TRH test on the son points to a primary pituitary defect.The mother's pituitary function was normal. This unusual maldevelopment which involes organs of different embryologic derivation (adenohypophysis on the father,adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis on the son) is difficult to interpret.In conjuction with the observation that in holoprocencephaly or other analogous CNS maldevelopment with pituitary hypoplasia,the pituitary fossa is normal,one may speculate that the primary developmental defect is dysplasia of the sphenoidal bone and especially of the pituitary fossa with secondary pituitary dysplasia,probably inherited as dominant trait,although heterozygocity in the mother cannot be excluded.
Improving Precision Vertical Flight Operations through a Direct-Perception-Action Display

Despite advances in head-up display technology, pilots of vertical takeoff and landing air and spacecraft still rely heavily on visual perceptual cues for precision landings. Reliance on these cues hampers operational success because exogenous influences such as brownouts can significantly reduce the effectiveness of perceptual cues, often with little warning. Moreover, the hover and descent-to-landing phases of vertical flight constitute the highest workload phases of flight for these pilots. To mitigate the reliance on visual perceptual cues and reduce mental workload, an integrated head-up display is proposed that leverages ecological perception through a direct-perception-action visual representation, called the vertical altitude and velocity indicator. By allowing operators to directly perceive system states instead of deriving them, the vertical altitude and velocity indicator allows operators to employ more efficient processes of perception rather than relying on memory, integration, and inference, which are cognitively demanding. Experimental results demonstrate that the vertical altitude and velocity indicator improves pilot performance and reduces subjective workload, particularly in expert pilot populations, as compared with a conventional head-up display. Implications for training and unmanned vehicle operations are also discussed.
Core centering of immiscible compound drops in capillary oscillations : Experimental observations

Abstract Experiments on core centering in immiscible compound drops were conducted on the second United States Microgravity Laboratory Space Shuttle Mission (USML-2). It was observed that the inner and outer interfaces of a compound drop became concentric during capillary oscillations. These oscillations either were the freely decaying type, which occurred following the deployment of the drops, or were externally forced on the drop by modulating the positioning acoustic fields in the Drop Physics Module (DPM) experimental chamber. The results on core centering in liquid–liquid drops should stimulate theoretical studies in this field.
An inexpensive microtome attachment for cutting 50-micron nonfrozen sections for electron microscopic histochemistry.

The attachment is for an American Optical Co., Model 888 freezing microtome. It consists of right-angle bracket made from % inch metal rod, one end of which M clamped in the freezing stage holder; the other supports a tissue holder whose base lies at a right angle to the usual position. The fixed and blotted tissue specimen is enclosed (without infiltration) in parah, on a piece of filter paper which is attached to the base of the tissue holder, and sectioned across its long axis by 50 μ increments. After sectioning, the filter paper is removed from the base, the paraffin matrix opened, and the sections transferred to the appropriate processing fluid
Wavelet-based phase extraction applied to distortion correction in diode laser arrays

In lasers with diffraction-limited beam quality, aberrations cause diffraction losses which reduce power output. Diffraction limit may not be attained due to phase distribution and amplitude modulation. Adaptive aberration correction has been principally achieved by either Deformable Mirrors or Phase Conjugate Mirrors. A new approach to adaptive optics based on wavelet-based phase extraction will be applied to distortion correction in diode array lasers.
Development of Automatic Switching Equipments in the United States and Europe

This paper gives a brief outline of the history and general development of automatic switching equipments in the United States and Europe, as applied to power equipment. A general review is made of the advantages of automatic equipments, consisting not only of a saving in operating expenses, but also of better operating characteristics as compared with manually controlled stations. The various designing problems, adherent thereto, are pointed out. A comparison based on personal observation is made between the conditions in the United States and Europe, which accounts for the less rapid development and less extensive applications of automatic equipments in Europe, and a brief review is made of the results obtained in the latter years. Mention is made of the more recent applications, such as to mercury arc rectifiers. A brief description is also given of supervisory control systems, the development of which has progressed hand in hand with the automatic equipments. The accompanying illustrations show some typical modern American and European installations.
Thin-film aggregate color centers as media for frequency domain optical storage

Thin films of aggregate color centers have been produced by electron and ion irradiation of bulk alkali halide crystals. The transverse spatial distribution of the centers was controlled on a submicron scale using electron lithography. Photochemical hole burning has been accomplished for the first time in a thin film of color centers, using the 6070 A zero-phononN 1 line produced by ion and electron irradiation of NaF crystals.
Hierarchical clustering and consensus in trust networks

We apply recent developments in clustering theory of asymmetric networks to study the equilibrium configurations of consensus dynamics in trust networks. We show that reciprocal clustering characterizes the equilibrium opinions of mutual trust dynamics. That is, clusters in the reciprocal dendrogram correspond to different equilibrium opinions of mutual trust consensus for varying trust thresholds. Moreover, for unidirectional trust dynamics, we show that aggregating nonreciprocal clusters into single nodes does not modify reachability of global consensus, thus, simplifying the consensus analysis of large networks.
Dynamic buckling of composite shells

The dynamic instability of interior ring stiffened composite shells under hydrostatic pressure is investigated. A shell structure such as a submarine vessel can undergo suddenly applied overpressure or successive shocks. In the presence of imperfections, the dynamic instability so triggered leads to a reduction of the load carrying capacity of the shell from that associated with quasi-static loading. Further, the large amplitude vibrations that occur prior to reaching the dynamic limiting pressure can have a damaging effect on the material of the shell. An asymptotic procedure is used in conjunction with p-version finite elements to extract the buckling mode and the associated second-order field. A single differential equation involving cubic nonlinearity is developed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the shell structure. This is solved by the Newmark method for time step integration along with Newton-Raphson iterations. Attention is focused on the reduction of the buckling pressure of the shell under dynamic loading, as well as the shell response at various increasing load levels until the displacements become unbounded.
Cloning of two novel mammalian paralogs of relaxin/insulin family proteins and their expression in testis and kidney.

Based on sequence homology to insulin and relaxin, we have isolated two novel genes of the insulin superfamily from mouse tissues. Because these proteins show a high similarity to relaxin and relaxin-like factor (RLF or Ley I-L), they were named as RIF1 (relaxin/insulin-like factor 1) and RIF2 (relaxin/insulin-like factor 2). After RT-PCR, full-length cDNAs of RIF1 and RIF2 were obtained from mouse testis and ovary, respectively. In addition, a putative human ortholog of RIF1 was isolated from human testis. The deduced coding regions of mRIF1, mRIF2, and hRIF1 were 191, 145, and 213 amino acids, respectively, and all three proteins contain a typical signal sequence for secretion at their amino terminus. Sequence comparison indicated that RIFs encode proteins consisting of B and A subunits connected by a long C domain peptide, and the deduced mature proteins of these putative ligands are most closely related to relaxin, RLF, and insulin from different species. Northern blot analysis showed that RIF1 transc...
Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a large burden of cardiovascular risk factors ultimately leading to increased cardiovascular events and mortality. Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in CKD involves early identification of individuals at high-risk of renal disease. In fact, substantial evidence points to a complex bidirectional relationship between CKD and CVD. Therefore, most interventions directed at CKD prevention should include multiple risk factor interventions with the goal of preventing CVD events while slowing progression of CKD. Clearly, prevention of CVD in CKD is a complex task and requires a multidisciplinary team approach, with a well-defined program, rational targets for each risk factor, and implementation of the most effective intervention strategies. Although several interventions to prevent CVD have proven effective in the general population and in individuals at high risk for CVD, a true benefit in patients with CKD remains to be demonstrated for several of them. A few rational targets of intervention should be optimal blood pressure control, reduction of proteinuria, treatment of dyslipidemia, good control of diabetes, smoking cessation, dietary salt restriction, achievement of normal body mass index, partial correction of anemia, and management of mineral metabolism abnormalities. Lifestyle modification and pharmacological therapy with renin-angiotensin blockers, β-blockers, diuretics, statins, and aspirin should be encouraged in the early stages of CKD.