cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic glycoengineering bacteria for therapeutic, recombinant protein, and metabolite production applications

Metabolic glycoengineering is a specialization of metabolic engineering that focuses on using small molecule metabolites to manipulate biosynthetic pathways responsible for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate production. As outlined in this article, this technique has blossomed in mammalian systems over the past three decades but has made only modest progress in prokaryotes. Nevertheless, a sufficient foundation now exists to support several important applications of metabolic glycoengineering in bacteria based on methods to preferentially direct metabolic intermediates into pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, or capsule polysaccharide production. An overview of current applications and future prospects for this technology are provided in this report.
Establishing Approaches to Modeling the Ares I-X and Ares I Roll Control System with Free-stream Interaction

Approaches were established for modeling the roll control system and analyzing the jet interactions of the activated roll control system on Ares-type configurations using the USM3D Navier-Stokes solver. Components of the modeling approach for the roll control system include a choice of turbulence models, basis for computing a dynamic equivalence of the real gas rocket exhaust flow in terms of an ideal gas, and techniques to evaluate roll control system performance for wind tunnel and flight conditions. A simplified Ares I-X configuration was used during the development phase of the roll control system modeling approach. A limited set of Navier-Stokes solutions was obtained for the purposes of this investigation and highlights of the results are included in this paper. The USM3D solutions were compared to equivalent solutions at select flow conditions from a real gas Navier- Stokes solver (Loci-CHEM) and a structured overset grid Navier-Stokes solver (OVERFLOW).
TSV reliability model under various stress tests

Through Silicon Via (TSV) is the key technology for the 2.5D and 3D packaging, but reliability evaluations on the new technology products are limited because of the complexity of the environmental issues. To this end, reliability experiments on self-design TSV samples under combinations of several different environmental variables were proposed and performed in this study. The Weibull distribution model was next employed for reliability analyses and the parameters for each of the experimental results were extracted. After analyzing the Weibull parameters, factors that accelerate TSV unreliability are compared with discussions. This paper finally presents failure analyses through OM/SEM observations.
Generalized Ham-Sandwich Cuts

Barany, Hubard, and Jeronimo recently showed that for given well-separated convex bodies S 1,…,S d in R d and constants β i ∈[0,1], there exists a unique hyperplane h with the property that Vol (h +∩S i )=β i ⋅Vol (S i ); h + is the closed positive transversal halfspace of h, and h is a “generalized ham-sandwich cut.” We give a discrete analogue for a set S of n points in R d which are partitioned into a family S=P 1∪⋅⋅⋅∪P d of well-separated sets and are in weak general position. The combinatorial proof inspires an O(n(log n)d−3) algorithm which, given positive integers a i ≤|P i |, finds the unique hyperplane h incident with a point in each P i and having |h +∩P i |=a i . Finally we show two other consequences of the direct combinatorial proof: the first is a stronger result, namely that in the discrete case, the conditions assuring existence and uniqueness of generalized cuts are also necessary; the second is an alternative and simpler proof of the theorem in Barany et al., and in addition, we strengthen the result via a partial converse.
Measurements of ocean surface spectrum from an aircraft using the two-frequency microwave resonance technique

The present investigation is concerned with the results of a two-frequency (Delta k) microwave radar experiment conducted from an aircraft and aimed primarily at the development of remote sensing techniques to measure ocean surface wave spectral characteristics. The experiment was conducted as part of the Maritime Remote Sensing (MARSEN) project in the North Sea during the autumn of 1979. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of and study the performance of the Delta k technique from a higher altitude platform, at shallower incidence angles, and at higher Doppler velocities than earlier stationary platform experiments allowed. A quantitative engineering evaluation of the results of two comprehensive flights is provided, and the qualitative significance of the results is discussed from a geophysical point of view in terms of the existing theory.
A COMPARISON OF UNIT, SUBJECTIVE, AND REGRESSION MEASURES OF SECOND‐LEVEL VALENCES IN EXPECTANCY THEORY

Two different decision-making exercises are compared with unit weights and with traditional Likert scales as measures of second-level valences in expectancy theory. Second-level valences are measured across different levels of outcomes in each exercise and compared to the traditional subjective- and unit-weight measures. In the first experiment, the job-preference decisions of 21 undergraduates are examined using a decision-making exercise involving 24 hypothetical jobs described in terms of three intrinsic instrumentalities at two levels. In the second experiment, a different 21 undergraduates make job-preference decisions in a decision-making exercise involving 27 hypothetical jobs described in terms of three extrinsic instrumentalities at three levels. The β-weight (standardized regression coefficient) measures of the second-level valences are found to be more powerful predictors of job-preference decisions than either subjective-weight or unit-weight measures, both before and after shrinkage. They also had higher cross validations, exhibited higher test-retest reliability, and allowed testing of a quadratic motivational effect in the three-level exercise.
On the Orlicz–Sobolev Classes and Mappings with Bounded Dirichlet Integral

It is shown that homeomorphisms f in $ {{\mathbb{R}}^n} $ , n ≥ 2, with finite Iwaniec distortion of the Orlicz–Sobolev classes W 1,φ loc under the Calderon condition on the function φ and, in particular, the Sobolev classes W 1,φ loc, p > n - 1, are differentiable almost everywhere and have the Luzin (N) -property on almost all hyperplanes. This enables us to prove that the corresponding inverse homeomorphisms belong to the class of mappings with bounded Dirichlet integral and establish the equicontinuity and normality of the families of inverse mappings.
Noninvasive methods for evaluation of atherosclerosis in man.

Accelerated atherosclerosis is known to occur in diabetes mellitus, but the exact mechanisms for this adverse consequence are unknown. Prospective determination of each patient's state of atherosclerosis coupled with serial comparisons between patients could be used to clarify relationships between insulin levels and growth rates of atherosclerotic lesions. Noninvasive measurements of atherosclerosis that are now feasible are phonoangiography, continuous-wave and pulsed Doppler ultrasound imaging, reflected β -mode ultrasound imaging, computed axial tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. An interesting new application of ultrasound β -mode imaging for the estimation of localized arterial wall stiffness is described.
Synthesis of a fluorescent chitosan derivative and its application for the study of chitosan-mucin interactions

Abstract Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled chitosan was synthesized as a macromolecular fluorophore to investigate the molecular mechanism of interactions between chitosan and mucin by the fluorescence polarization method. The percent change in polarization upon chitosan–mucin association was measured as a function of the molecular weight of chitosan, and the pH and ionic strength of the medium. Dextran sulfate and albumin were used as positive and negative controls of polyelectrolyte complexation, respectively. The degree of polarization increased significantly with increasing mucin/chitosan (molecular weight, 750 000 daltons) molar ratio in 0.10 M acetic acid to suggest that there was multivalent binding between the two polymers. In contrast, only one dextran sulfate molecule was able to bind with the chitosan molecule. Albumin, having a net positive charge at a pH of 2.9, did not bind with chitosan. There was a possibility of multivalent association between high molecular weight chitosan and mucin as compared to univalent association with low molecular weight chitosan. The results of pH and ionic strength studies suggest that, in addition to electrostatic interactions between d -glucosamine residue of chitosan and the sialic acid residue of mucin, there could be other attractive forces involved in chitosan–mucin binding such as hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interaction.
Diagnosis and treatment of lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma, with emphasis on cutaneous findings.

1 used inclusively to designate systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.), dermatomyositis, and scleroderma. No basic pathogenetic link has been found between these diseases; the “fibrinoid” change, once ascribed to alterations in the connective-tissue ground substance, now is attributed to actual fibrin. A circumstance that unites these three conditions is the presence of characteristic cutaneous lesions; in many instances, these are identical clinically. While these changes are not universally present, the manifold expressions of these diseases in the skin lead the trained clinician toward the correct diagnosis. These diseases were described originally through their dermatological changes, and the visual patterns remain a keystone in their diagnosis.
The Cayley Addition Table of Zn

(1999). The Cayley Addition Table of Zn. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 6, pp. 584-585.
A urine sample with an orange to red hue, what should we do?

A urine sample submitted for a urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio was visually clear but deep orange in color (Fig. 1, left). Acidification of the sample to pH <2.0 with HCl prior to analysis produced a color change in the sample from orange to deep red (Fig. 1, right). The 16-year-old female patient had a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, oligomenorrhea, and …
Independent requirements for 'Crithidia factor' and folic acid in a trypanosomid flagellate.

THE trypanosomid parasite of mosquitoes, Crithidia fasciculata Anopheles strain (ATCC 11745), when grown in a defined medium1, required for growth unusually high levels of folic acid. In the presence of ‘crithidia factor’ (an unconjugated pteridine), much lower concentrations of folic acid supported growth; indeed, at times a separate folic acid requirement was not demonstrable2,3. Our collaborators at the American Cyanamid Co. have identified the crithidia factor in human urine as 2:NH2,4:OH,6-dihydroxypropyl pteridine3. In our experiments reported here, both the 6-dihydroxypropyl and a partially purified sample of the 6-trihydroxypropyl pteridine (generously supplied by Dr. E. L. Patterson) were used.
Molecular junctions: Seeing is believing.

The ability to perform optical measurements on a single molecule placed between two electrodes while also measuring the current flowing through it could herald a new generation of experiments on molecular junctions.
Working memory demands in insight versus analytic problem solving

Working memory is one of the cognitive processes thought to differentiate insight and analytic forms of problem solving. The present research examined memory involvement in the solution of insight versus analytic problems. Participants completed verbal and spatial working memory and short-term memory measures and a series of analytic and insight problems. Results demonstrated a relationship between working-memory capacity and the solution of analytic problems and between verbal short-term memory capacity and the solution of insight problems. This distinction was generally though not universally supported when memory was examined in relation to individual problems. Memory involvement in insight problem solving was further examined to clarify whether restructuring in insight is the end result of active memory search or spontaneous processes. The present research supports the theory that differences exist in the cognitive processes underlying insight versus analytic problem solving, and provides support for ...
A pheromone mimic: disruption of mating communication in the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, with Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene.

A novel olefinic analog, Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene, was synthesized from Z,Z-11,13-hexadecadienal, a major pheromone component of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and evaluated as a potential disruptant of mating communication in commercial almond orchards. The effectiveness of the triene as a disruptant was compared to that of the aldehyde by evaluating the reduction in captures of feral males in female-baited traps and the reduction in mating success for females. The triene was highly effective in bringing about reductions in male captures in traps in all tests relative to controls. This effectiveness lasted as long as 5 weeks in one test and was influenced by type of dispenser, release rate and proximity of dispensers to female-baited traps. In none of the tests did the triene outperform the aldehyde in reducing male captures. The results of mating success tests showed the triene to be ineffective relative to controls (26% reduction) while the aldehyde yielded 100% reductions in matings during a 6-day period. Resume Simulation d'une pheromone: suppression des rencontres sexuelles chez Amyelois transitella par le Z-Z-1,12,14-heptacecatriene Le Z-Z-1,12,14-heptacecatriene, qui mime l'aldehyde Z-Z-11,13-hexadecadenial, principal compose de la pheromone de A. transitella Walker, a ete essaye pour interrompre les accouplements dans la nature. Un conditionnement avec plastique stratifie a mieux disperse le triene que la presentation en capsules de polyethylene. Comme dans le cas des autres produits examines precedemment, ce triene a interrompu l'attraction sexuelle (reduction du nombre de mâles captures dans les pieges, reduction du nombre d'accouplements) de A. transitella dans les vergers d'amandiers, pendant moins longtemps que l'aldehyde. Place dans des pieges contenant des femelles vierges, il est efficace comme l'aldehyde pendant 5 semaines, pendant 3 semaines lorsqu'il est place autour des pieges et pendant 13 jours quand il est utilise dans des parcelles de 9 arbres. Des essais ulterieurs avec d'autres presentations et des quantites plus elevees de triene devraient montrer si ce produit peut etre utilise pour l'interruption des accouplements. Les analogues de pheromones ont generalement une plus grande stabilite et un cout de synthese moins eleve que les aldehydes.
APPARENT ANDROGEN EXCESS IN A 4 YEAR-OLD MALE. 502

We describe a 4 year-old Afro-American male who presented with significant virilization, accelerated growth, and aggressive behavior of 1-2 years duration. Physical exam was remarkable for a height age of 6 years, skeletal age of 7.5 years, muscular body habitus, Tanner II pubic hair, and Tanner III genitalia, but prepubertal size testes. No source of exogenous androgen exposure was identified. Initial evaluation revealed prepubertal levels of gonadal and adrenal androgens (Table), normal ACTH-stimulated levels of adrenal steroids, undetectable levels of gonadotropins and β-hCG, and a negative routine urine steroid metabolite analysis. The child was admitted to the clinical research center for 24 h every 20 minute blood sampling to identify intermittent androgen secretion, a 24 h urine collection for detection of 39 unusual androgen metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectometry, and a scrotal skin biopsy for qualitative and quantitative androgen receptor analysis. All were normal. Five months after initial evaluation the child underwent spontaneous resolution of symptoms. Growth slowed to an age-appropriate rate, skeletal maturation normalized, the pubic hair fell out, and the aggressive behavior ceased. We postulate a self-limited process of androgen production which apparently became quiescent during the course of our evaluation. The mechanism of such a process has not been previously described.
Occupational Therapy Services to Enable Liver Patients to Thrive Following Transplantation

ABSTRACT Transplantation is the only viable treatment for end-stage liver failure. With advances in biomedicine and surgical technique, survival rates have improved and current research is beginning to focus on patient-related outcomes such as of quality of life (QOL) and life satisfaction. However, attention to the rehabilitation needs of those patients whose lives are saved, is lagging. Pretransplantation, there are serious strains to role function and limitations to mental and physical capacity. Following transplantation, the ability to perform once easy familiar tasks is difficult for a prolonged recovery period. Within a year many people do well, others do not. Little has been done for this latter group. The purpose of this article is to systematically describe the contributions occupational therapy can make to the people struggling with the challenges faced during the transplantation process. The first part presents a framework for understanding the impact of end-stage liver disease, then the transplant, and the subsequent recovery through the combination of two frameworks: the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) and the Model of Human Occupation. The second part of this article will present the implications for occupational therapists throughout seven stages: (1) decline in health, (2) organ failure, (3) referral for transplantation, (4) the waiting period, (5) the transplant surgery, (6) recovery, and (7) return of health. Attention to the needs of transplant recipients who lack the adaptive skills to resume productive lifestyles has the capacity to improve participation outcomes for this population.
Spoke airports, intentional and unintentional ground travel, and the air travel decision-making process

For air travelers originating from the spokes of the US hub-and-spoke air network, price, flight frequency, and aircraft type are all known factors in their travel decision-making process. Less well known, however, is the extent to which different elements of ground travel enter into these travelers’ air journeys. Based on 51 interviews at four universities at spokes surrounding O’Hare International Airport, this article describes how considerations such as vehicle availability, individual driving ability, localized weather, and unanticipated ground travel are fundamentally part of the air travel decision-making process for spoke travelers.
Derivation of planar three-body hyperspherical harmonics from monopole harmonics

The hyperspherical harmonics which appear in the analysis of the planar three-body problem are explicitly expressed in terms of the harmonics of importance in the theory of magnetic monopoles. This connection is achieved by transforming the eigenvalue equations which define hyperspherical harmonics into the eigenvalue equations for monopole harmonics. This transformation requires the recognition of a gauge potential which arises in the three-body problem and which has the same form as that of a magnetic monopole. In this manner, explicit formulas for the two standard representations of the three-body harmonics are derived. The coupling coefficients between the two representations follow naturally from the derivation. Emphasis is placed on the gauge theoretical aspects of the derivations and the significance of gauge transformations is discussed.
A Simple Experiment to Expose Misconceptions About the Bernoulli Equation

A series of laboratory exercises has been developed to aid in the teaching of thermal and fluid sciences to undergraduate engineers. The exercises use simple hardware and a guided-inquiry approach to expose student misconceptions and to develop deeper understanding of basic concepts. This paper focuses on one of the laboratory exercises, which uses a simple duct with a sudden expansion to demonstrate the error caused by misapplication of the Bernoulli equation. The apparatus and the laboratory exercise are described. Learning gain measurements and results of attitude surveys are presented. The exercise is successful in causing students to confront their misconceptions and lack of understanding. Student attitudes about the usefulness of the exercise correlate with their grade in the course. The A students have a less favorable opinion than the B and C students.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Fred Feldman, What is This Thing Called Happiness? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. xv + 286-ERRATUM.

The publishers regret to announce that some corrections in the article by Erik Angner1 were not incorporated in the final published version. The corrections are listed below.Page 459, line 52 – 53 should be Feldman's account hinges on a distinction between two kinds of pleasure.Page 461, line 142 should be George Mason University.
Optimal matching of planar models in 3D scenes

The problem of matching a model consisting of the point features of a flat object to point features found in an image that contains the object in an arbitrary three-dimensional pose is addressed. Once three points are matched, it is possible to determine the pose of the object. Assuming bounded sensing error, the author presents a solution to the problem of determining the range of possible locations in the image at which any additional model points may appear. This solution leads to an algorithm for determining the largest possible matching between image and model features that includes this initial hypothesis. The author implements a close approximation to this algorithm, which is O(nm in /sup 6/), where n is the number of image points, m is the number of model points, and in is the maximum sensing error. This algorithm is compared to existing methods, and it is shown that it produces more accurate results. >
Severe Reversible Thrombocytopenia Resulting from Butoconazole Cream

A 54-year-old woman with a 19-year history of rheumatoid arthritis developed life-threatening thrombocytopenia one week after beginning butoconazole therapy for a vaginal yeast infection. This was complicated by upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage that probably resulted from ibuprofen and methotrexate therapy. Sepsis, myelophthisic anemias, and other potential etiologies were ruled out. Once stabilized, the patient was rechallenged with other medications without incident. These findings indicate that a potentially serious thrombocytopenia may result from the administration of butoconazole vaginal cream or in combination with methotrexate and/or ibuprofen.
Impact of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles on wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion

Metallic and metal oxide nanomaterials have been increasingly used in consumer products (e.g. sunscreen, socks), the medical and electronic industries, and environmental remediation. Many of them ultimately enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or landfills. This review paper discusses the fate and potential effects of four types of nanoparticles, namely, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), nano ZnO, nano TiO2, and nano zero valent iron (NZVI), on waste/wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion. The stabilities and chemical properties of these nanoparticles (NPs) result in significant differences in antimicrobial activities. Analysis of published data of metallic and metal oxide NPs suggests that oxygen is often a prerequisite for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for AgNPs and NZVI, while illumination is necessary for ROS generation for nano TiO2 and nano ZnO. Furthermore, such nanoparticles are capable of being oxidized or dissolved in water and can release metal ions, leading to metal toxicity. Therefore, AgNPs and nano TiO2 are chemically stable NPs that have no adverse effects on microbes under anaerobic conditions. Although the toxicity of nanomaterials has been studied intensively under aerobic conditions, more research is needed to address their fate in anaerobic waste/wastewater treatment systems and their long-term effects on the environment.
Trichinella Surveillance in Black Bears (Ursus Americanus) from Oregon, USA

Abstract We used serology and muscle digestion to test black bears (Ursus americanus) from western Oregon, USA, for Trichinella. Results indicate black bears in Oregon are not part of a sylvatic cycle for Trichinella, and risk of human exposure to Trichinella larvae from eating black bear meat from Oregon appears low.
An uplink DS-CDMA receiver using a robust post-correlation Kalman structure

Kalman filtering has been proposed in the literature for wireless channel estimation, however, it is not sufficiently robust to uncertainties in the channel auto-correlation model as well as to multiple access interference (MAI). This paper presents a receiver structure for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems by using robust Kalman estimation and post-correlation (i.e., symbol rate) processing for channel estimation. The proposed structure is also generalized to incorporate multiple-antenna combining and interference cancellation techniques. The resulting receiver outperforms earlier structures in the presence of channel modeling uncertainties, MAI, and low-received signal-to-noise ratio. The enhancement in performance is achieved at the same order of complexity as a standard Kalman-based receiver.
Using watershed water balance to evaluate the accuracy of eddy covariance evaporation measurements for three semiarid ecosystems

Abstract The eddy covariance technique is a widely used and accepted method to quantify ecosystem-scale mass and energy fluxes. Eddy covariance measurements of evaporation, also known as evapotranspiration, are used to determine local, regional and global water budgets, calibrate and validate land surface models, and acquire understanding of ecosystem processes. This paper assesses the accuracy of eddy covariance evaporation measurements by comparing them with those derived from small watershed water balances. Comparing thirteen years of data from shrubland, grassland and savanna sites in southern Arizona USA, the two independent measures agreed to within an average of 3% annually and differed from −10 to +17% in any given year, when an assumed 5% underestimation in precipitation due to gage undercatch was considered. The agreement between the two measures was generally better in drier years and at less topographically complex sites. Despite an indication of a systematic underestimate of evaporation by a commonly used assessment of the energy balance, forcing energy balance closure on evaporation led to worse results for nine of the thirteen annual periods but improved multiyear sums at two of the three sites.
The Use of Modified Bentonite for Removal of Aromatic Organics from Contaminated Soil

This study investigates the clay-aromatic interactions with a view to the use of bentonite clay for binding benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX compounds) in contaminated soils. BTEX compounds are the most toxic aromatic constituents of gasoline present in many underground storage tanks. Modified (organophilic) and ordinary bentonites are used to remove these organics. The organophilic bentonites are prepared by replacing the exchangeable inorganic cations present in bentonite particles with a quaternary ammonium salt. Various clay-to-soil ratios were applied to determine the efficiency of the modified bentonite in enhancing the cement-based solidification/stabilization (S/S) of BTEX contaminated soils. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) tests were performed on soil samples to evaluate the leaching of the organics. In addition, X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted to assess the changes in the basal spacing of the clays as a result of their interaction with BTEX compounds. The findings of this study reveal that organophilic bentonite can act as a successful adsorbent for removing the aromatic organics from contaminated soil. Thus, this material is viable for enhancing the performance of cement-based S/S processes, as an adsorbent for petroleum spills, and for landfill liners and slurry walls. Copyright 1997 Academic Press.
The effect of phenothiazine and non-phenothiazine inhibitors of calmodulin on platelet calcium fluxes.

Abstract The effects of phenothiazine and non-phenothiazine inhibitors of calmodulin on ATP-dependent calcium transport by a microsomal fraction from human platelets have been studied. Trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and zinc inhibited calcium transport in a dose dependent fashion. The dose required for half-maximal inhibition of calcium uptake was 16 uM, 19 uM, and 130 uM, respectively. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide and other divalent cations had no effect on calcium uptake. Neither trifluoperazine nor zinc caused efflux of calcium from preloaded microsomes indicating that their effect on calcium accumulation was on the influx of calcium. Chlorpromazine affected both influx and efflux of calcium. These results implicate calmodulin in calcium transport by the platelet microsomal fraction.
Hypoproteinemia, anemia, and failure to thrive in an infant.

An w alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 48 U/L (normal range, lo-55 U/L); 5’nucleotidase, 12 U/L (normal range < 11 U/L); and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 696 U/L (normal range, 34-270 U/L). The total bilirubin level was 72 kmol/L (4.2 mg/dL) with a direct bilirubin level of 34 kmol/L (2.0 g/dL). Total proteins were 39 g/L (3.9 g/dL) (normal range, 60-80 g/L) with an albumin fraction of 16 g/L (1.6 g/dL) (normal range, 31-50 g/L). Prothrombin (PT) and partial thromboplastin times (PTT) were both normal. Chest radiographs showed mild hyperinflation and peribronchial thickening. Percutaneous oxygen saturation was 95% on room air, and an electrocardiogram showed no abnormality. Urine and blood culture test results were negative. An abdominal ultrasound examination showed normal liver parenchyma with no evidence of intrahepatic or extrahepatic obstruction. Serological studies showed rubella and herpes immunoglobulin G (IgG) present in low titer and undetectable cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma antibodies. Hepatitis B surface antibody was positive, although surface antigen was not detected. Hepatitis C serology was negative. Serum cY-antitrypsin level and urinanalysis and urine organic acids showed no abnormality. Sudan stain of the stool showed abundant neutral and split fats.
Fabrication, microstructure, and mechanical properties of TaC particulate and SiC fiber-reinforced lithia-alumina-silica composites

Additions of O to 9 mol % Ta2O5 to a lithia-alumina-silica glass-ceramic matrix Nicalon SiC-reinforced composite increased the elastic modulus and ultimate strength of the composite. The additive fostered sphereulitic growth of β-eucriptite solid solution crystals which concentrated Ta2O5 at sphereulite boundaries and adjacent to the fiber-matrix carbon-rich interphases. These regions reacted with the interphases as well as soluble carbon monoxide gas to convert them to TaC. The former reaction was shown to be thermodynamically favorable above 983 °C, while the latter was favorable above 1249 °C. The improvement in mechanical properties was attributed to TaC particulate reinforcement, and suggests a simple glass-ceramic route to the fabrication of particulate-reinforced ceramic matrix composites.
SHADES OF GRAY: APPLYING THE BENEFIT-THE- BENEFICIARIES RULE TO TRUST INVESTMENT DIRECTIVES

This Essay considers the trust investment management implications of Section 105(b)(3) of the Uniform Trust Code (UTC), which codifies an unwaivable requirement that a "trust and its terms must be for the benefit of its beneficiaries" (hereinafter the "benefit-the-beneficiaries rule"). The Restatement (Third) of Trusts contains similar language. This is the third in a series of Articles on this topic published by the Boston Univeristy Law Review. The series began with my 2008 Article on the subject and continued with Professor John Langbein's 2010 Essay. In this third work, I emphasize two major themes that distinguish my viewpoints from Professor Langbein's. First, while the benefit-the-beneficiaries rule does have deep historical roots, it is more than simply a clarification of a single traditional rule against capricious purposes. Instead, it is a composite of multiple rules and interacts in complex ways with other principles and provisions of modern trust law. Second, when applied to a variety of potential trust provisions in the manner Professor Langbein's writings appear to advocate, the rule proves to be overly rigid in its practical effect. Whereas trust law historically has endeavored to balance the competing demands of settlors’ intent and beneficiaries’ rights, the new formulation of the benefit-the-beneficiaries rule is too absolutist in application. By categorizing settlor-imposed trust investment directives as either completely prudent or so capricious as to offend public policy, this rule seemingly offers no middle ground. It lacks the flexibility to differentiate wantonly destructive investment directives from more well-intentioned provisions that deviate from widespread, but not universal, theories of portfolio construction. While scholarly discourse on this subject has served and will continue to serve a vital function, the ultimate impact of the benefit-the-beneficiaries rule will not be decided in the pages of law reviews. Rather, judges interpreting the UTC and the Restatement, state legislators considering adoption – or modification – of state trust law, and trust settlors and trust lawyers wrestling with the ensuing implications will be the ones to resolve this issue. Accordingly, this Essay is intended to clarify the nature of the issues confronting those various parties and inform their future decisions.
STOP THINK DO: Treatment and prevention of social-behavioural problems

This paper outlines a cognitive-behavioural-motivational social skills training program for children and adolescents in a clinic or school setting, with a treatment or preventive focus. The approach is didactic and experiential, reflected in its core skill and process – the STOP THINK DO method of social problem solving and relating, following the traffic light cue. The program is broad based to include essential social supports, namely parents, teachers and peers to encourage transfer and maintenance of social skills and pro-social attitudes. Essentially, STOP THINK DO is a behaviour management method for adults and social skills training method for children. A future direction involves the implementation of a curriculum based program as a primary prevention strategy through the formal promotion of social competence in Australian school children. This application represents the confluence of theory, research and practice in social development, plus the interface between developmental, systems and community psychology.
IgG4-Related Disease With Coronary Arteritis

A 53-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure and biopsy-proven Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) renal involvement presented with complains of chest pain and syncope. An ECG showed lateral ST segment depressions concerning for myocardial ischemia. The patient underwent coronary catheterization, which revealed multifocal aneurysms and severe stenosis. A cardiac computerized tomographic angiogram was performed to further characterize aneurysms, which showed aneurysms involving left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, and proximal right coronary artery (Figures 1 and 2). Circumferential mural thickening with associated enhancement of the wall of the coronary arteries, particularly at the site of the stenoses, was concerning for vasculitis. A small pulmonary artery aneurysm was seen in the right upper lobe (Figure 3 …
Coteaching in Counselor Education: Preparing Doctoral Students for Future Teaching.

This phenomenological study explored 10 counselor education doctoral students' coteaching experiences with faculty members. Three coteaching structures identified from the data were relational, operational, and developmental. A definition of coteaching supported by the findings is presented. Implications for counselor education programs, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
R&D and Promotion in Pharmaceuticals: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Exploration

Innovative firms investing heavily in R&D suffer from the problem of appropriability, that is, the inability to capture the full benefits of innovation because of imitation. Complementary promotion is an important instrument of modem marketing strategy by which firms mitigate this problem. The issue is examined conceptually and empirically in the context of the pharmaceutical industry. The study uses a quadratic model to estimate the relationship between promotional intensity and R&D intensity. The results support a statistically significant positive relationship between R&D and promotion and indicate complementarity between the two. The study raises an important managerial issue: Does a firm that recognizes the strategic importance of this complementarity have a greater chance of success than a firm that does not?
… and justice for all?: Basic income and the principles of gender equity

Nowhere have basic income proposals been more hotly debated than among feminists. Perhaps it is ironic, then, argues Caitlin McLean, that a basic income has the potential to overcome deep divisions by satisfying core principles of gender equity, as well as improving the position of women in all their diversity.
Generation of Two Phenotypically Distinct Types of Macrophages, CD1+ Dendritic Cells and TRAP+ Osteoclast-like Multi-nucleated Giant Cells from Human Monocytes

ヒト単球をGM-CSFまたはM-CSF存在下に培養すると,形態,表面マーカー,機能(貪食能,活性酸素産生能,抗原呈示能,HIV感染感受性など)の異なる2種類のマクロファージ(Mφ)に分化すること,GM-CSFで分化誘導したMφは,ヒトの肺胞Mφに似ていることが知られた.またCSFによるヒト単球のMφへの分化はIL-4により修飾され,GM-CSFとIL-4によりCD1陽性の樹状細胞(DC)に,またM-CSFとIL-4によりTRAP陽性の破骨細胞様多核巨細胞(MGC)への分化が誘導されることが知られた.単球由来DCは,既にGM-CSFによりMφへ変換する能力は有していないが,M-CSFのレセプターであるc-fmsを有しM-CSFに反応してMφに分化可能である.しかしTNF-αで処理することによりc-fmsの発現が抑制されM-CSFによるMφへの分化能を失うことが知られた.また単球由来MGCの形成には内在性のIL-1とIL-6が重要な役割を果たしており,CD4/HLA-DR,LFA-1/ICAM-1及びCD14とそのリガンドの相互作用が必要なことが示唆された.
Using Amazon Mechanical Turk and other compensated crowdsourcing sites

Crowdsourcing is becoming recognized as a powerful tool that organizations can use in order to get work done, this by freelancers and non-employees. We conceptualize crowdsourcing as a subcategory of outsourcing, with compensated crowdsourcing representing situations in which individuals performing the work receive some sort of payment for accomplishing the organization's tasks. Herein, we discuss how sites that create a crowd, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, can be powerful tools for business purposes. We highlight the general features of crowdsourcing sites, offering examples drawn from current crowdsourcing sites. We then examine the wide range of tasks that can be accomplished through crowdsourcing sites. Large online worker community websites and forums have been created around such crowdsourcing sites, and we describe the functions they generally play for crowdsourced workers. We also describe how these functions offer opportunities and challenges for organizations. We close by discussing major considerations organizations need to take into account when trying to harness the power of the crowd through compensated crowdsourcing sites.
Increasing Article Findability Online: The Four C's of Search Engine Optimization

As researchers increasingly and exclusively conduct legal research online, authors must learn the essential skill of ensuring that their articles are both findable and among the top-ranked results in a search. This article highlights four search engine optimization best practices to apply to legal scholarship: creating effective titles, abstracts, and metadata; cross-discipline marketing to multiple disciplines; crossposting to multiple locations; and converting to searchable PDFs
Survey on the transmission potential of clonorchiasis by dogs in Shanglin County,Guangxi

Objective To explore the transmission potential of clonorchiasis by dogs. Methods Chaowen village in Shanglin County was selected to be survey site. Collected the data of dogs rearing in the village, and the fresh dog fecal samples were collected in out-door areas in one morning. The feces were examined with formalin ether sedimentation technique to detect the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis and the EPG were counted with Kato-katz method. The amount of eggs excreted by dogs were estimated. Results There were 66 dogs in the village and 41 fecal samples were collected in one morning. The eggs positvie rate of C.sinensis was 53.66%(22/41) the mean EPG was 322. About 0.734 million of the eggs were excreted by dogs every day to contaminate the environment. Conclusion Dogs have great transmission potential in clonorchiasis and management of dogs should not be neglected in control the diseases.
Limbic-prefrontal connectivity and clozapine.

The mechanisms of the antipsychotic efficacy and side effect profile of clozapine are incompletely understood. In vivo pharmacologic studies suggest that while clozapine does produce D 2 receptor blockade, its unusual clinical profile may relate to activity at other receptor sites and to anatomical areas outside the striatum. Rodent studies indicate that acute administration of clinical doses of antipsychotic drugs, including clozapine, induces Fos (the protein product of the immediate early gene, c-fos) in the nucleus accumbens. However, unlike typical antipsychotic drugs, clozapine does not induce Fos in the dorsal striatum and does induce Fos in medial portions of the prefrontal cortex
Human functional neuroimaging.

Abstract In vivo functional neuroimaging technology and its application to behavioral neuroscience have dramatically altered our understanding of the relationship between the brain and human behavior. This chapter focuses on the application of in vivo functional neuroimaging technology to clinical problem‐solving in the clinical neurosciences and highlights the five major processes involved in its stepwise application. Beginning with designing a functional neuroimaging study, the myriad considerations involved in the conceptual and experimental design of an informative study, from model development to task design, are discussed. Acquiring a functional neuroimaging data set delves into the selection and optimization of a specific imaging modality in best approaching problem‐solving. Postprocessing a functional neuroimaging data set deals with the specific stepwise processes by which acquired two-dimensional images are temporally and spatially processed/corrected to permit the subsequent analysis of functional information that is anatomically accurate in its localization and descriptive of the time-varying events comprising the study design. Statistical analysis of a functional neuroimaging data set considers the importance of statistical approaches to attributing brain states to behavioral states, and to defining the strength of study inferences, and data-analytical approaches to defining behavior as processes of functional segregation (modularity) versus integration of brain activity. Interpretation of a functional neuroimaging study deals with select topics such as reverse inference and the ethical implications of study interpretation.
WE-DE-BRA-03: Construction of An Ultrasound Guidance Platform for Image-Guided Radiotherapy with the Intent to Treat Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive, nonradiographic imaging technique with high spatial and temporal resolution that can be used for localizing soft-tissue structures and tumors in real-time during radiotherapy (inter- and intra-fraction). A detailed methodology integrating 3D-US within RT is presented. This method is easier to adopt into current treatment protocol than current US based systems and reduces user variability for image acquisition, thus eliminating transducer induced changes that limit CT planning system. Methods: We designed an in-house integrated US manipulator and platform to relate CT, 3D-US and linear accelerator coordinate systems. To validate the platform, an agar-based phantom with measured densities and speed-of-sound consistent with tissues surrounding the bladder, was rotated (0–45°) resulting in translations (up to 55mm) relative to the CT and US coordinate systems. After acquiring and integrating CT and US images into the treatment planning system, US-to-US and US-to-CT images were co-registered to re-align the phantom relative to the linear accelerator. Errors in the transformation matrix components were calculate to determine precision of this method under different patient positions. Results: Statistical errors from US-US registrations for different patient orientations ranged from 0.06–1.66mm for x, y, and z translational components, and 0.00–1.05° for rotational components. Statistical errors from US-CT registrations were 0.23–1.18mm for the x, y and z translational components, and 0.08–2.52° for the rotational components. Conclusion: Based on our result, this is consistent with currently used techniques for positioning prostate patients if couch re-positioning is less than a 5 degree rotation. We are now testing this on a dog patient to obtain both inter and intra-fractional positional errors. Additional design considerations include the future use of ultrasound-based functionality (photoacoustics, radioacoustics, Doppler) to monitor blood flow and hypoxia and/or in-vivo dosimetry for applications in other therapeutic techniques, such as hyperthermia, anti-angiogenesis, and particle therapy.
Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research (2nd ed.), by DiClemente, R. J., Crosby, R. A., & Kegler, M. (Eds.)

According to the Ottawa Charter (World Health Organization [WHO], 1986), and as referenced in the WHO Health Promotion Glossary (1998), health promotion is “the process of enabling people to increa...
Dyslipidemia in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Patients With Kras Mutations

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancers (CRC) are among the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Presence of mutations in KRAS is associated with worse prognosis and resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment. Dyslipidemia has also been associated with lower survival rates in cancer patients. However, possible presence of correlations between hyperlipidemia …
How Should Total Testosterone Be Measured in Women

The report by Heijboer et al. (1) reports that “first-generation testosterone immunoassays are influenced by SHBG (sex hormone–binding globulin) concentrations that lead to inaccurate results in samples from subjects with high or low SHBG concentrations.” This conclusion is based on their …
The surface charging of insulators by ion irradiation

Surface charge accumulation is a phenomenon which is commonly encountered in processes and devices employing dielectric materials. The buildup of surface charge may be an undesirable effect as in the processing of plastic films or a desirable one as in various aspects of electrophotography. In either case, an important means of charge control is by irradiation of the surfaces with gaseous ions from high voltage gas discharges (e.g., Corona) or radioactive sources. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the charging process from the viewpoint of the basic interactions which occur between ions and surfaces in an effort to define the physical properties which determine charge acceptance and retention. We will confine our discussion to the case of positive ions, since only positive ion experiments have been performed. However, the model developed has obvious extensions to the case of negative ions.