cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ar‐Ar age and petrology of Miller Range 05029: Evidence for a large impact in the very early solar system

Abstract– Miller Range (MIL) 05029 is a slowly cooled melt rock with metal/sulfide depletion and an Ar-Ar age of 4517 ± 11 Ma. Oxygen isotopes and mineral composition indicate that it is an L chondrite impact melt, and a well-equilibrated igneous rock texture with a lack of clasts favors a melt pool over a melt dike as its probable depositional setting. A metallographic cooling rate of approximately 14 °C Ma−1 indicates that the impact occurred at least approximately 20 Ma before the Ar-Ar closure age of 4517 Ma, possibly even shortly after accretion of its parent body. A metal grain with a Widmanstatten-like pattern further substantiates slow cooling. The formation age of MIL 05029 is at least as old as the Ar-Ar age of unshocked L and H chondrites, indicating that endogenous metamorphism on the parent asteroid was still ongoing at the time of impact. Its metallographic cooling rate of approximately 14 °C Ma−1 is similar to that typical for L6 chondrites, suggesting a collisional event on the L chondrite asteroid that produced impact melt at a minimum depth of 5–12 km. The inferred minimum crater diameter of 25–60 km may have shattered the 100–200 km diameter L chondrite asteroid. Therefore, MIL 05029 could record the timing and petrogenetic setting for the observed lack of correlation of cooling rates with metamorphic grades in many L chondrites.
A journey to make cancer rehabilitation the standard of care.

I ama cancersurvivor.First, I survivedcancer,then,I survived cancer treatment. I thought that I was readyforwhatcamenext.AfterIﬁnishedmylastchemother-apy treatment, I asked my oncologist what was next.HerepliedthatwhenIfeltwellenough,Ishouldreturnto work. As I sat in his ofﬁce, bald, frail and in pain,I considered what that meant. My mind drifted backto “before cancer.” One vivid memory came ﬂoodingback.At the age of 38 and just a few months before I wasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer,Iwassittingatanawardsceremonysponsored by the Boston Junior Chamber ofCommerce (Jaycees). On this night, they were hon-oring me with an award known as a TOYL. TOYL,which stands for Ten Outstanding Young Leaders, isan award that was given yearly in Massachusetts formorethan50years–from1952to2006.Withmewerenine otherhonorees;all youngprofessionalswho werechosen “for their professional, personal, or civic com-mitment to improving the quality of life in the greaterBoston area [1].”As my name was called, the short ﬁlm describingmy life began to roll. The description went somethinglike this:
Influence of nutrients and other dietary materials on cytochrome P-450 enzymes

The cytochrome P-450 (P-450) enzymes are collectively responsible for the bulk of oxidation of xenobiotic chemicals, including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens. This biotransformation can result in either increased or decreased toxicity, depending on the situation. The regulation of individual P-450 enzymes is a complex subject, with examples of induction and direct inhibition and stimulation. Nutrients and food additives can modify P-450 activities and consequently influence toxicity. P-450s also influence the toxicity of potentially harmful materials found in foods, as well as some vitamins and natural products. Some of the foodstuffs and conditions that influence P-450 in experimental animals and in humans are protein, carbohydrate, lipid, obesity and fasting, water- and fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, sulfides, isothiocyanates, indoles, ellagic acid, capsaicin, terpenes, flavones, butylated hydroxytoluene and hydroxyanisole, charbroiled foods, ethanol, and (monosodium) glutamate and aspartate. Consideration is given, when possible, to differences in responses between animal models and humans.
CONFLICTING INFORMATION, ATTITUDE, AND MESSAGE VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS OF LEARNING AND PERSUASION1

This study examined the effects of conflicting information in two messages about the same topic on recall of, and post favorability toward the message. Three multiple regression analyses tested the relationship among conflicting information, initial attitude, attitude change, salience, message clarity, and adequacy of support in predicting recall and post favorability. Six hypotheses were supported. Both recall and post favorability were inhibited when conflicting information was present. Attitudes and message variables were significant predictors of learning and post favorability. Proactive inhibition produced more interference than retroactive inhibition. Results are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of the learning and persuasion processes and the ability of interference theory to predict outcomes in both paradigms.
The Anisotropic Refractive Indices Of Mbba

Abstract The anisotropic refractive indices of MBBA at room temperature from optical interference measurements were re-evaluated using the exact formula for wavelength dispersion. This re-evaluation brings into agreement all the published results on the subject by various investigators employing different measuring techniques.
Why a ‘Systems Approach to Microbiology’ Might Not Be the Best Approach

Review of : Microbiology: A Systems Approach , 3rd ed.; Marjorie Kelly Cowan; (2012). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. 786 pages.
Viscoelastic modeling of canine vocalis muscle in relaxation

Analysis of vocal fold vibration requires information on the viscoelastic properties of the vocalis muscle. The force response of two canine vocalis muscles was measured in one‐dimensional, stepwise elongation of the tissue as a function of time with a computer‐controlled ergometer. The viscoelastic behavior of the muscle in its passive state was demonstrated through the relaxation test. A quasilinear viscoelastic model was used to parametrize the relaxation function, and results are reported for various levels of strain. Furthermore, a model was used to obtain theoretical time‐dependent stress–strain curves to compare with experimental data.
Dietary phospholipids affect growth and production of juvenile sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus

Abstract To facilitate sea urchin aquaculture, nutritionally-complete feeds are being developed for a number of species. In this study, the effects of dietary phospholipids from soy lecithin on weight gain and production were investigated to ascertain a potential dietary requirement for small juvenile sea urchins, Lytechinus variegatus . Laboratory-produced juvenile L. variegatus ( n = 16 per treatment, average 0.091 g ± 0.01 SE wet weight and 5.80 mm ± 0.09 SE diameter) were fed semi-purified formulated diets supplemented with 1, 2.5, 4, 5.2, 6.4, 7.6, or 8.8% phospholipids (as fed) from soy lecithin for 12 weeks. Under the conditions of this study, a negative correlation between dietary phospholipid level and weight gain was observed. By 6 wk and continuing through 12 wk, sea urchins fed the 1 to 6.4% supplemented phospholipid diet (SPLD) had significantly higher total wet weight than sea urchins fed either the 7.6 or 8.8% SPLD (final wet weight ranged from 10.53 ± 0.41 g to 7.42 ± 0.65 g, for the 1 and 8.8% treatments, respectively, P P
Embedded fiber Bragg sensors for damage identification in sandwich composites after impact

The use and viability of fiber Bragg grating sensors in sandwich composite structures for the purpose of structural health monitoring under low velocity impact. Initially, a group of twelve specimens were tested to characterize the impact response of sandwich composite structures. Each specimen test consisted of repeated impacts at a constant impact energy to measure and observe damage progression. Once this was completed, a single optical fiber with a fiber Bragg grating was embedded in the structure between the core and the faceplate to and measured using a laser. The shift and deformation of the reflected spectrum from the fiber Bragg grating sensor resulting from each strike was analyzed and the corresponding strain was measured. The peak wavelength shift measurements did not have a strong correlation to the accumulation of damage in the sandwich laminate. However, the spectral distortion did evolve throughout the initial accumulation of damage in the laminate. Further analysis of the spectrum is needed to correlate the spectral response to the damage modes.
Expired PCO2 as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest

We performed a study to determine if the measurement of expired PCO 2 during CPR for cardiac arrest could be used as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation. Twelve mongrel dogs were fibrillated electrically, and external chest massage and assisted ventilation were applied for 15 minutes. Expired PCO 2 and aortic and right atrial pressures were monitored each minute of arrest. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated by subtracting the right atrial from the aortic diastolic pressure. Half the dogs received high-force chest compression (801b) and half received low-force chest compression (401b). The six dogs that received high-force compression were resuscitated successfully. The expired PCO 2 was significantly higher in the successfully resuscitated dogs (expired PCO 2 = 9.6 ± 3.2 mm Hg) when compared to those dogs that died (expired PCO 2 = 3.2 ± 1.1 mm Hg, P 2 was highly correlated (r = 0.91, P 2 during attempted CPR may be useful as a noninvasive indicator of CPP and adequate technique. Further studies on the use of this technique as an assessment criterion are warranted.
Synthesis and mass spectrometry studies of branched oxime ether libraries. Mapping the substitution motif via linker stability and fragmentation pattern.

The oxime ether chemistry has recently been used as a convenient approach to preparing potentially highly diverse combinatorial libraries. The synthetically easiest way to form the libraries is convergent, i.e., via reaction of a branched scaffold containing two or more aminooxy linker groups, with a variety of carbonyl substituents. We show here that such reactions between aldehydes and ketones of different structure with the scaffolds containing different types of aminooxy groups can lead to the formation of virtually all expected components in the model mixtures 1−3 formed from three scaffolds (7−9) and eight substituents (R1−R8). One important problem with the branched libraries is that the libraries formed from the more complex scaffolds, such as 11, contain multiple regioisomers. The results of extensive analysis of a variety of library components by mass spectrometry presented here show that the differences in the MS−MS fragmentation energies for different linkers yield regiochemical information es...
A jitter education: A more detailed look at jitter for the sophomore

Timing jitter has become a major issue in recent years, affecting a broad range of industries doing highspeed digital design. This is part of a series of papers addressing timing jitter analysis education in the Electrical Engineering and Engineering Technology curricula. The subject of this edition is teaching jitter at a level of detail appropriate for a sophomore EET student. A third semester digital class, such as one introducing microprocessors, could discuss deterministic jitter and jitter measurements in more detail and cover several types of jitter displays.
Air liquefaction and enrichment system propulsion in reusable launch vehicles

A concept is shown for a fully reusable, Earth-to-orbit launch vehicle with horizontal takeoff and landing, employing an air-turborocket for low speed and a rocket for high-speed acceleration, both using liquid hydrogen for fuel. The turborocket employs a modified liquid air cycle to supply the oxidizer. The rocket uses 90% pure liquid oxygen as its oxidizer that is collected from the atmosphere, separated, and stored during operation of the turborocket from about Mach 2 to 5 or 6. The takeoff weight and the thrust required at takeoff are markedly reduced by collecting the rocket oxidizer in-flight. This article shows an approach and the corresponding technology needs for using air liquefaction and enrichment system propulsion in a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. Reducing the trajectory altitude at the end of collection reduces the wing area and increases payload. The use of state-of-the-art materials, such as graphite polyimide, in a direct substitution for aluminum or aluminum-lithium alloy, is critical to meet the structure weight objective for SSTO. Configurations that utilize `waverider` aerodynamics show great promise to reduce the vehicle weight. 5 refs.
Multiple sclerosis in American blacks.

In the period 1968 through 1977, multiple sclerosis (MS) was diagnosed in 349 patients at the Henry Ford Hospital. Of these, 312 were accepted in the study and 53 were blacks. In this medical center where the overall population consists of approximately 50% blacks, the MS blacks comprised only 17 % of the total MS population. White and black MS patients did not differ significantly for clinical characteristics of MS or for death rates. The MS black patients were divided in two groups, Northern-and Southern-born. The mean age of migration was 11.9 years. Southern-born blacks lived an average of 20 years in the North before the symptoms of MS began. Northern-born MS patients had a 5.5 earlier age of onset and the diagnosis was made 9 years sooner when compared with the Southern-born MS blacks. The Southern-born MS group more often showed a chronic progressive course wither initially or following a few exacerbations and remissions. These findings suggest that a possible genetic predisposition, as well as a geographically determined exposure to an environmental agent, may be related not only to the risk of developing MS, but in the American blacks may also influence the age of onset, the age of diagnosis, and even the clinical course of MS.
A search for period changes in δ Scuti stars with the super-LOTIS sky patrol system

We have observed a sample of δ Scuti stars discovered by the ROTSE collaboration in 1999 with Super-LOTIS in order to characterize changes in their pulsation periods over a time baseline of roughly three years. Achieving these goals required the creation of an automated astrometric and photometric data reduction pipeline for the Super-LOTIS camera. Applying this pipeline to data from a June 2002 observing campaign, we detect pulsations in 18 objects, and find that in two cases the periods have changed significantly over the three years between the ROTSE and Super-LOTIS observations. Since theory predicts that evolutionary period changes should be quite small, sources of non-evolutionary period changes due to the interactions of pulsations modes are discussed.
A low-cost number identifier for small telephone systems

Inability to determine, accurately and economically, the calling line number in connection with direct distance dialing has hindered the extension of this service to small telephone systems. Manual identification methods, while relatively low in equipment costs, are vulnerable to operator error and subscriber fraud. On the other hand, most currently available automatic number identification equipment cannot be applied economically to systems having a low volume of toll traffic.
High-Resolution Radioluminescence Microscopy of 18F-FDG Uptake by Reconstructing the β-Ionization Track

Radioluminescence microscopy is a new method for imaging radionuclide uptake by single live cells with a fluorescence microscope. Here, we report a particle-counting scheme that improves spatial resolution by overcoming the β-range limit. Methods: Short frames (10 μs−1 s) were acquired using a high-gain camera coupled to a microscope to capture individual ionization tracks. Optical reconstruction of the β-ionization track (ORBIT) was performed to localize individual β decays, which were aggregated into a composite image. The new approach was evaluated by imaging the uptake of 18F-FDG in nonconfluent breast cancer cells. Results: After image reconstruction, ORBIT resulted in better definition of individual cells. This effect was particularly noticeable in small clusters (2–4 cells), which occur naturally even for nonconfluent cell cultures. The annihilation and Bremsstrahlung photon background signal was markedly lower. Single-cell measurements of 18F-FDG uptake that were computed from ORBIT images more closely matched the uptake of the fluorescent glucose analog (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.54 vs. 0.44, respectively). Conclusion: ORBIT can image the uptake of a radiotracer in living cells with spatial resolution better than the β range. In principle, ORBIT may also allow for greater quantitative accuracy because the decay rate is measured more directly, with no dependency on the β-particle energy.
Clinical response to persistent, low-level β-glucuronidase expression in the murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by β-glucuronidase (GUSB) deficiency. This disease exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical signs including skeletal dysplasia, retinal degeneration, cognitive deficits and hearing impairment. Sustained, high-level expression of GUSB significantly improves the clinical course of the disease in the murine model of MPS VII. Low levels of enzyme expression (1–5% of normal) can significantly reduce the biochemical and histopathological manifestations of MPS VII. However, it has not been clear from previous studies whether persistent, low levels of circulating GUSB lead to significant improvements in the clinical presentation of this disease. We generated a rAAV2 vector that mediates persistent, low-level GUSB expression in the liver. Liver and serum levels of GUSB were maintained at ∼5% and ∼2.5% of normal, respectively, while other tissue ranged from background levels to 0.9%. This level of activity significantly reduced the secondary elevations of α-galactosidase and the levels of glycosaminoglycans in multiple tissues. Interestingly, this level of GUSB was also sufficient to reduce lysosomal storage in neurons in the brain. Although there were small but statistically significant improvements in retinal function, auditory function, skeletal dysplasia, and reproduction in rAAV-treated MPS VII mice, the clinical deficits were still profound and there was no improvement in lifespan. These data suggest that circulating levels of GUSB greater than 2.5% will be required to achieve substantial clinical improvements in MPS VII.
Effect of irradiation temperature on dynamic recovery in gallium nitride

A single crystal gallium nitride film on sapphire was successively irradiated to a fluence of 4.5 Au3+/nm2 in different areas at varied temperatures ranging from 150 to 800 K. The temperature dependence of disorder on both the Ga and N sublattices has been investigated using a 3.736 MeV He+ backscattering analysis along the - and -axial channeling directions. Significant dynamic recovery of disorder occurs over the applied temperature range. There is a higher degree of disorder on the N sublattice observed along the axis. Some of the defects produced during the irradiation in GaN are effectively shielded by the axis.
Durability of silver-glass mirrors in moist acid vapors

Abstract The durability of glass second-surface mirrors is a major concern in the outdoor environment where they are used in solar energy applications. A simple durability test using moist HCl, H 2 O and SO 2 vapors on 22 different types of mirrors was found to correlate well with experience on mirrors outdoors and with the expected durability of the mirrors. The mechanism of mirror failure was investigated, and it was found that pores and other defects in the protective paint of the mirror are probably the sites at which failure begins for most commercial mirrors.
The state of petroleum engineering education

Many of Ken Larner’s recent comments on geophysics education (July 1991 TLE) are also true of petroleum engineering. Perhaps the largest difference between the two disciplines is the distribution of students. Petroleum engineering has traditionally been an undergraduate program. For example, the University of Wyoming presently has 13 graduate students and 43 undergraduates in petroleum engineering. A bachelor’s in PE normally leads to a good job (average salary for inexperienced entry level is over $40 000/year). The path into professional registration can be even more promising. Petroleum engineers are in pretty good shape in regards to security with the oil and gas industry. Not only are they essential for the production of petroleum, but they are also catching on to development work. In fact, the modern petroleum engineer is gradually infiltrating the classic job of the geophysicist, that of finding new oil and gas reserves.
Forbidden hyperfine lines in esr spectra of Mn2+: LiNbO3

Abstract The observation and analysis of the unusual behavior of forbidden hyperfine lines in Mn 2+ :LiNbO 3 spectrum is reported. The observations can be accounted for by second order perturbation calculations with the large D -term included in the unperturbed Hamiltonian.
Neck surgery in patients with primary oropharyngeal cancer treated by radiotherapy

Background The role of neck surgery in node-positive patients whose primary tumors are treated by definitive radiotherapy is controversial. This analysis was undertaken to assess the risk of withholding planned neck dissection in patients who obtain a complete nodal response to irradiation. Methods We reviewed the records of 100 patients who presented between 1984 and 1993 with oropharyngeal cancers metastatic to the neck and whose primary tumors were treated by radiotherapy using the concomitant boost regimen. Seventy-five patients had their nodal disease treated definitively by radiotherapy; those who had complete clinical resolution of all nodal disease (62) had no planned surgery, while 13 underwent neck dissection for presumed residual disease. The remaining 25 patients had either node excision (8) or neck dissection (17) prior to radiotherapy. Results There were 8 cases of isolated neck failure of which 3 occurred in the 62 patients who had no planned neck surgery, 0 in the 13 patients who had surgery for presumed residual (pathologically negative in 7), and 5 in the 25 patients who had initial neck surgery. In those who obtained a complete response to definitive radiotherapy, the risk of neck relapse was unrelated to pretreatment nodal size. Conclusions The policy of observation of the neck after complete nodal response to full-dose irradiation is both safe and cost effective. Imaging to confirm the resolution of nodal disease is recommended. HEAD & NECK 1996;18:552–559 © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Annual replacement of the tillers of Agropyron desertorum following grazing

The annual replacement of tillers of Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult., a grazing-tolerant, Eurasian tussock grass, was examined in the field following cattle grazing. Heavy grazing before internode (culm) elongation seldom affected tiller replacement. Heavy grazing during or after internode elongation, which elevates apical meristems, increased overwinter mortality of fall-produced tillers and reduced the number and heights of these replacement tillers. Unexpectedly, tussocks grazed twice within the spring growing season tended to have lower overwinter tiller mortality, greater tiller replacement, and larger replacement tillers than tussocks grazed only once in late spring. These responses of twice-grazed tussocks, however, were still less than those of ungrazed tussocks or tussocks grazed moderately in early spring. The presence of ungrazed tillers on partially grazed tussoks did not increase the replacement of associated grazed tillers relative to tillers on uniformly grazed plants. This result indicates that resource sharing among tillers, if present, is short-lived or ecologically unimportant in this species. Although A. desertorum is considered grazing-tolerant, tiller replacement on heavily grazed tussocks, particularly those grazed during or after internode elongation when apical meristems were removed, was usually inadequate for tussock maintenance. These observations at the tiller (ramet) level of organization in individual tussocks (genet) may explain the often noted reduction in stand (population) longevity with consistent heavy grazing.
Health services, health promotion, and health literacy: report from the State of the Science in Aging with Developmental Disabilities Conference.

Abstract Background This article summarizes the proceedings of the Health Services, Health Promotion, and Health Literacy work group that was part of the “State of the Science in Aging with Developmental Disabilities: Charting Lifespan Trajectories and Supportive Environments for Healthy Living.” Participants aimed to identify unmet needs related to health and health care and to determine training, research, and policy needs addressing the demands for increasing health care services and resources, end-of-life and palliative care, and health literacy. Methods Key issues addressed included (1) major health-related disparities for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD); (2) the impact of internal and external factors on health care services and resources, end-of-life and palliative care, and health literacy for adults with I/DD; and (3) frameworks that can be used for understanding and promoting health care services and resources, end-of-life and palliative care, and health literacy. Results Group participants identified research and practice needs related to primary care, health promotion, disease prevention, illness care, end-of-life issues, and palliative care. Conclusions Health care services for adults with I/DD may occur in a variety of settings including community-based programs, private practices, and community-based agencies supporting persons with disabilities. Major gaps relate to health disparities due to underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, less chance of receiving prompt treatment, limited access to providers, lack of research information, transportation barriers, and lack of accessible medical equipment. Models of care including variables related to translation, sustainability, accessibility (e.g., affordability, availability), acceptability (e.g., culturally relevant, satisfaction), and equity need to be developed.
Clinical Potential of Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Inhibitors

On the basis of their reduced potential to cause injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors were developed and marketed as a safer alternative to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This manuscript reviews the major steps leading to the introduction of COX-2-selective inhibitors into clinical practice, from the identification of the COX isoenzymes to their various roles in physiological and pathological processes. The available data show that COX-2 inhibitors have a favourable safety profile and are at least as effective as traditional NSAIDs for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions with a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal complications. Emerging evidence points to new and unanticipated effects from these agents. COX-2 inhibition appears to play an important role in the modulation of intestinal polyposis and colorectal carcinogenesis. Additionally, COX-2 expression may be associated with inflammatory responses leading to the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease and potentially, COX-2 inhibitors could be used to retard the progression of this condition. However, by decreasing prostacyclin production, COX-2 inhibitors may lead to increased prothrombotic activity and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Until further large-scale prospective studies are performed, and the magnitude of these potential risks is quantified, COX-2 inhibitors should be used with caution in patients at risk for cardiovascular morbidity.
A Signature of the Oxygenase Intermediate in Catalysis by Ribulose-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase as Provided by a Site-directed Mutant

Abstract An uncharacterized minor transient product, observed in our earlier studies of substrate turnover by the E48Q mutant of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Lee, E. H., Harpel, M. R., Chen, Y.-R., and Hartman, F. C.(1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26583-26591), becomes a major product when it is trapped and stabilized with borate as an additive to the reaction mixture. Chemical characterization establishes this novel product as D-glycero-2,3-pentodiulose 1,5-bisphosphate, thereby demonstrating oxidation of the C-3 hydroxyl of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to a carbonyl. As the formation of the novel oxidation product is oxygen-dependent and generates hydrogen peroxide, its precursor must be a peroxy derivative of ribulose bisphosphate. Thus, discovery of the dicarbonyl bisphosphate lends direct support to the long standing, but heretofore unproven, postulate that the normal pathway for oxidative cleavage of ribulose bisphosphate by the wild-type enzyme entails a peroxy intermediate. Our results also suggest that stabilization of the peroxy intermediate by the wild-type enzyme promotes carbon-carbon scission as opposed to elimination of hydrogen peroxide.
Dental and general health in a population of wild ring-tailed lemurs: a life history approach.

Data are presented on dental and general health for seven groups of wild ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta, from the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, in southern Mada- gascar. As part of a study of population demography, adults were captured, collared, and tagged, and biometric measurements, dental casts, and analyses of dental and general health were made. Results indicate that patterns of dental health vary by individual, age, sex, and habitat. Prime adults show more dental attrition than young adults. Prime males living in more marginal habitats show greater mean attrition than those living in richer habitats. Dental damage, specifically to the toothcomb, indicates that mechanical stresses to this region may in- clude the initial harvesting of foods, in addition to groom- ing. Males exhibit more evidence of past trauma, includ- ing scars and chipped teeth. These results indicate that environmental as well as social factors, such as female dominance, may lead to sex differences in health patterns among lemurs. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:122-132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modified in vitro assay for melanocyte-stimulating hormone

L'activite de l'MSH dans du serum de rat peut etre mesuree maintenant grâce a une methode nouvelle, tres sensitive, de test biologique in vitro. Cette methode a ete modifiee de facon a reduire a un minimum acceptable des variations experimentales.
Visions of the Good Society and the Religious Roots of American Political Culture

Lipset faisait remarquer que la posture dominante dans la politique americaine etait celle de la vertu outragee. En fait, les valeurs religieuses sont une composante importante de la rhetorique politique americaine et cet article tente de montrer comment elles se sont constituees historiquement en ressources culturelles pour de nombreux mouvements sociaux. L'A. montre comment des idees profondement ancrees dans la politique americaine ont des racines religieuses : il en va ainsi pour l'idee de bien public dont l'A. donne trois modeles ideal-typiques : le modele du covenant (covenant model), le modele contractuel et le modele de l'intendance. Le premier privilegie les devoirs individuels a l'egard du groupe, le second est base sur les droits et participations individuels, le troisieme insiste sur les devoirs collectifs pour le present comme pour l'avenir.
Comparative study of nadolol and propranolol in prophylactic treatment of migraine

Forty-eight patients (13 men and 35 women) took part in a double-blind randomized study. All patients received a placebo daily for 4 weeks (period A), at the end of which the frequency and severity of headaches experienced by each patient were assessed. Patients then received an active drug for 12 weeks (period B). Sixteen patients received nadolol, 80 mg/day; 16 received nadolol, 160 mg/day; and 16 received propranolol, 160 mg/day. The frequency and severity of headaches in the three groups were tabulated at the end of period B, as were the side effects. Only three subjects dropped out during the study, and one of these needed abdominal surgery. All three groups reported improvement, the most noticeable being in those patients who received 80 mg of nadolol daily.
Significance of TCDD‐induced changes in protein phosphorylation in the adipocyte of male guinea pigs

The chemical TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) at very low concentrations has been found to cause a rapid rise in protein phosphorylation activities in the extranuclear fraction (i.e., cytosol and cellular membranes) of the adipose tissue from male guinea pigs. The effect occurred both in vivo and when TCDD was added to adipose in tissue culture (in situ). To study the cause for such a TCDD-induced biochemical change, isolated adipose tissues were treated with TCDD in conjunction with various diagnostic agents known to affect protein synthesis (actinomycin D and cycloheximide) and protein phosphorylation activities (genistein). The stimulatory effect of TCDD on protein phosphorylation was not totally abolished by actinomycin D; however, cycloheximide and genistein partially suppressed the effect of TCDD. Such an action of TCDD was accompanied by a quick rise in ras GTP binding activity as well as a rise in phosphorylation of nuclear c-myc protein product within 10 minutes after TCDD addition, indicating that TCDD is likely to activate the signal transduction pathway for growth factors. In view of the absence of an inhibitory action of actinomycin D and the short time required for TCDD to induce these changes, we have formulated a working hypothesis that stimulation of protein phosphorylation activities by TCDD may not be mediated by a transcriptional process. To test this possibility, an extranuclear fraction was obtained from the homogenate of adipose tissue, and the effect of TCDD was studied in vitro cell- and nucleus-free conditions. It was found that TCDD was capable of activating protein phosphorylation activity under cell free conditions even in the absence of nuclei. Such an action of TCDD is dependent on the action of the Ah receptor.
A modified approach to team-based learning in linear algebra courses

This paper documents the author’s adaptation of team-based learning (TBL), an active learning pedagogy developed by Larry Michaelsen and others, in the linear algebra classroom. The paper discusses the standard components of TBL and the necessary changes to those components for the needs of the course in question. There is also an empirically controlled analysis of the effects of TBL on the student learning experience in the first year of TBL use.
Soft Vacuum Lens for Foreign Body Localization

There are two widely used geometric methods of localizing intraocular foreign bodies. The chief virtue of the Sweets method, virtually unchanged since its intro­ duction early this century, is that the localiz­ ing markers are 10 mm in the front of the corneal apex which obviates touching the globe. For this reason, this method has al­ ways been the choice of radiologists. How­ ever, errors are introduced because the geo­ metric reference is in front of the globe, and the localizing reference alters if the eye moves. The Sweets method localizes in the frontal and lateral plane which makes it in­ accurate in determining whether a foreign body is within the scierai coats and truly intraocular.
Methods for analyzing multidimensional contingency tables

Many problems investigated by researchers in higher education involve simple frequency counts and their analysis. Not too infrequently, these frequency counts arise from the cross-classification of a sample of observations on a number of qualitative variables. In this case, the investigator is usually interested in examining the multiplicative interactions among the classification variables. When the number of classification variables exceeds two, however, the investigator is faced with rather severe problems in undertaking his analysis. All too often, the researcher is reduced to breaking up his multidimensional contingency table into smaller, typically two-way tables, and analyzing each separately. This article describes a unified approach, developed by L.A. Goodman, to the analysis of the p-way contingency table which enriches our understanding of the relationships existing among the classification variables. Two examples from research in higher education are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the method.
The modulation of contraction of fibroblast populated collagen lattices by types I, II, and III collagen

Human dermal fibroblasts incorporated in a polymerized collagen lattice reduce the size of that matrix. When cell number, collagen concentration, and medium are identical, lattices made with type III collagen contract faster and to a greater degree than those made with type I collagen. The latter contract faster and to a greater degree than those made with type II collagen.
A new microcalorimeter: Heats of hydrogenation of four monoolefins

A calorimeter has been constructed to determine heats of hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds in liquid form or in solution. Samples were hydrogenated in acetic acid—reduced palladium black slurry. The device is of standard design except that samples are introduced into the reaction chamber by means of a hypodermic syringe. Sample size was less than 200 mg.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Glucocorticoid-Treated Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cells in Culture

The morphological effects of exposure to hydrocortisone have been examined in two cell lines of liver origin by scanning electon microscopy. In one of these, an aneuploid line derived from a Morris hepatoma, the presence of hormone results not only in a suppression of cell proliferation, but in a marked flattening of the cells and loss of surface microvilli; in the other cell line, a diploid line derived from adult rat liver, the suppression of cell division is less marked, and the morphological effects of the hormone are far less striking. While the suppression of cell division in both of these cell lines is known to be rapidly reversible upon the removal of hormone, the presence of hormone causes the hepatoma cells to assume both monolayer growth characteristics and a morphology resembling those of cells derived from normal liver.
Characterization of MEMS Devices for the Study of Superfluid Helium Films

Measurements on the mechanical properties of MEMS resonators were performed to characterize such devices at room temperature and low temperatures. Using state-of-the-art silicon integrated circuit technology, we have designed, fabricated, and manufactured resonators consisting of a pair of parallel plates with a well-defined gap whose size can be controlled with a high accuracy down to the sub-micron range. A full study of resonance properties at various pressures was performed at room temperature. We will discuss the details of design, fabrication, and operation. These studies open up a window of opportunities to look for novel phenomena in quantum fluids such as in superfluid 3He films.
Electro-oxidation of hydrazine at electrodes modified with polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine

Abstract The electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine in basic solution at glassy carbon (gc) electrodes modified with a thin layer of polymeric cobalt phthalocyanines is described. Cyclic voltammetry (cv) in aqueous media yields a well-defined chemically irreversible anodic wave (Ep = −0.30 V vs. sce at pH 13), and peak currents for this process vary linearly with the square root of scan rate. Limiting currents measured at a rotating disk electrode are independent of the film thickness at a given substrate concentration; linear Levich plots are obtained under all experimental conditions used. Evaluation of the available data in light of the Saveant model for electrocatysis at polymer-modified electrodes suggests that the kinetics of the net 4e- -process is controlled by the diffusion of substrate from bulk solution to the solution/polymer interface.
Treaties, Collective Responses and the Determinants of Aggregate Support for European Integration:

Scholarly research investigating the determinants of support for European integration at the individual level is abundant, but the analysis of aggregate-level indicators is relatively less developed. This study examines the collective responses of the Europeans to different environments of integration by using a multiple interrupted time series design with panel data. The results suggest that the context of integration after important treaties changes the aggregate support for integration significantly. More importantly, the analysis provides evidence challenging some findings of earlier studies with regard to the impact of aggregate-level indicators of support for integration.
The retinoblastoma gene family in differentiation and development

The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor gene and its close relatives p107 and p130 are best known for their function in the control of cell cycle progression. In recent years, however, a new role for these proteins has been emerging as they have been linked with regulation of terminal differentiation of many tissues and cell types. In fact, Rb and its family members have been shown to be involved in multiple stages of the differentiation process including irreversible exit from the cell cycle, protection from apoptosis, induction of cell type specific gene expression and maintenance of the post-mitotic state. They also play a critical role in assuring the orderly progression through all these stages of differentiation.
Afferent modulation of the excitability of pyramidal tract fibers

Abstract Recordings were taken extracellularly of the activity of single pyramidal tract (PT) neurons in the forepaw area of the cat's postcruciate cerebral cortex. The activity was evoked antidromically by near-threshold stimulation of the ipsilateral medullary pyramid, and orthodromically by shocks to each of the four paws and by light and sound. The excitability of the PT axons at the medullary pyramid was tested by measuring their threshold to anti-dromic activation in conditioning-testing interactions. PT, s a axons showed no change in excitability following stimulation of any of the four paws. In contrast, both PT, s b and PT, m axons showed increases in their excitability evokable from any where within their excitatory receptive fields, i.e., from both forepaws in s b neurons, and from all four paws and from auditory and visual receptors in m neurons. The s b axons showed no change in excitability following stimulation of either hindpaw. When tested with single medullary pyramidal tract shocks, the increased excitability began 9 to 25 ms after a contralateral forepaw shock, reached a maximum (decreased threshold of 20 to 45% of resting threshold) at 25 to 35 ms, and then decreased to normal by 100 ms. When tested with trains of shocks at 312/s to the pyramid, the increased excitability lasted about 2.5 times longer than when tested with single shocks. This increased excitability most likely results from depolariza-inexcitability followed and, in fact, shortened the period of increased excitation of nearby terminals of the PT axons. In some cells, a period of apparent bility. During the inexcitable period, lasting 130 to 300 ms, the antidromic spike could not be evoked even by shocks 40 times resting threshold strength. This effect probably is not due to hyperpolarization of the same synaptic terminals that are apparently depolarized to produce the initial increased excitability. Rather, it must involve a process rostral to the site of antidromic stimulation, effectively blocking antidromic invasion of the soma and hillock region.
MR diagnosis of pancreatic transplant rejection.

To determine the role of MR imaging in the assessment of pancreatic transplant rejection, we prospectively obtained 13 MR scans in nine transplant patients. The presence of rejection was verified pathologically by pancreatic transplant biopsies in five patients. In two additional patients, rejection was proved by concordant renal transplant biopsy as well as by compatible clinical and laboratory data. In the remaining two patients, in whom no biopsy was done, clinical and laboratory data showed no evidence of rejection. The mean T2 of the seven pancreata undergoing rejection was significantly elevated (86 msec) compared with the mean T2 of the two transplants not undergoing rejection (59 msec) (p less than .002). These preliminary results suggest that MR may be useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of pancreatic rejection.
Evaluation of residual plastic strain distribution in dissimilar metal weld by hardness mapping

AbstractThe knowledge of residual plastic strains is a prerequisite for studying the stress corrosion cracking in dissimilar metal welds common to nuclear power plant structures. In this work, the distribution of residual equivalent plastic strains in a multipass dissimilar metal weld composed of nickel alloy 82 and austenitic stainless steel 304L is evaluated quantitatively through microhardness mapping. The contribution to hardness from the plastic strain (workhardening) is separated from that from the chemistry variation in the dissimilar metal weld. It is found that high equivalent plastic strains are predominately accumulated in the buttering layer, the root pass and the heat affected zone, which experience multiple welding thermal cycles. The final cap passes, experiencing only one or two welding thermal cycles, exhibit less plastic strain accumulation. Moreover, the experimental residual plastic strains are compared with those predicted using an existing weld thermomechanical model with two differe...
Comparative electrophoretic studies on the structural proteins of selected group A arboviruses.

Abstract Comparative discontinuous, disc gel electrophoresis of various strains of six group A arboviruses revealed no apparent differences between the smallest (core) proteins (VP 3) of the strains examined. Observations of the larger (envelope) proteins (VP 1 and VP 2) suggested strain to strain and virus to virus differences in the molecular weights of the virion envelope components.
Generalized Reduced Enveloping Algebras for Restricted Lie Algebras

Abstract We observe that any finite-dimensional indecomposable module for a restricted Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field is a module for a finite-dimensional quotient of the universal enveloping algebra. These algebras form a two-parameter family which generalizes the notion of a reduced enveloping algebra. We identify each such algebra as a reduced enveloping algebra for an associated Lie algebra and use this to compute support varieties and obtain some representation-theoretic consequences.
Radiation-Induced Polymerization of Ethyl Vinyl Ether

Abstract The radiation-induced polymerization of ethyl vinyl ether has been studied in bulk under conditions of extreme dryness and saturated with water. Drying was found to increase the rate by nearly thirty times. Water produced a similar reduction in the molecular weights of the polymers. Some evidence was found for the concurrent production, by radiolysis, of inhibiting species, probably alcohols. When this was corrected for by taking initial rates, a clear square-root dependence of the rate of polymerization on the dose rate was found with the super dry monomer system. Similarly, by extrapolating the molecular weight data to zero dose, a measure of the chain transfer to monomer constants could be obtained. By using the electrical conductivity values obtained by Hayashi, Williams and co-workers, an estimate of the rate constants for propagation were obtained. These compared well with those obtained in parallel studies with a “free” cationic chemical initiator.