cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Chemotherapy of Bladder Carcinoma: Systemic Therapy

While chemotherapy advances in other genitourinary malignancies (e.g., Wilm’s tumor and testicular carcinoma) have led to improved disease-free survival and presumed cure, drug therapy of bladder carcinoma remains in a developmental stage. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder ranks seventh in males and 13th in females among causes of death in the United States due to cancer. Approximately 30,000 new cases are reported annually in the U.S. with approximately 10,000 deaths per year attributed to bladder carcinoma [56]. The incidence in males is threefold that in females. Over 60% of these patients are between the ages of 50 and 70 years old [15]. Surgery and radiation are curative modalities. Preoperative staging of the extent of tumor infiltration of the bladder wall is highly predictive of complete resectability and thus probability of cure. While combined modality therapy with preoperative radiotherapy and radical cystectomy has been shown to reduce the loco-regional recurrence rate, there is little evidence that therapy alters the subsequent development of distant metastases [72], It is not surprising then that the 5-year survival of patients with invasive bladder carcinoma treated with the most expert radiation therapy and surgery, alone or in combination, is between 20% and 50% [16]. Systemic chemotherapy is the only treatment modality with the potential for cure in patients presenting with locally unresectable disease or who develop local or disseminated metastatic involvement after presumed curative initial therapy.
The Chemoprevention Program of the National Cancer Institute

In 1982 the National Cancer Institute initiated a new program involving chemoprevention clinical trials. For many years the institute had supported laboratory research and epidemiologic research involving identification of carcinogenic factors and identification of agents which would interrupt or reverse the carcinogenic process. By 1982 this laboratory and epidemiologic research had reached a stage of maturity which provided the scientific basis for the development of intervention clinical trials.
Training in Medical Psychiatry

The “re-medicalization of psychiatr” is a phrase which has been heard frequently in recent years. In using this phrase, psychiatrists are usually referring to the advances in psychopharmacology over the last couple of decades which have led to new medical treatments for many psychiatric disorders. Not all changes in psychiatry however, are consistent with the concept of the re-medicalization of psychiatry. Witness for example, the expansion of free-standing psychiatric hospitals which have taken psychiatrists away from a close association with the rest of their medical colleagues. Re-medicalization of psychiatry should refer to more than just treating psychiatric patients with medication; it should include the ability of a psychiatrist to work in a general medical hospital relating to non-psychiatric physicians and treating patients with combined medical and psychiatric problems. The goal of this paper is to describe a program of training in medical psychiatry which has been developed in the Psychiatry Residency Training Program at the University of California, San Francisco-Fresno Division.
Abstract 530: A Cluster of Proteins Implicated in Kidney Disease Are Increased in HDL of Hemodialysis Subjects

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in uremic subjects on dialysis. However, this large increase cannot be completely explained by the conventional risk factors frequently seen in this population. One important factor could be alterations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protein composition that impair its cardioprotective functions. We therefore investigated alterations in the HDL proteome of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods and Results: We first used shotgun proteomics to investigate the protein composition of HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation in 20 control and 40 ESRD subjects. This analysis identified 63 proteins in HDL, which were linked to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, immune response, acute phase response, complement regulation, inhibitors of proteolysis, vitamin binding and transport, and platelet activation/coagulation. We then used targeted proteomics by isotope-dilution MS/MS with selected reaction monitoring (SRM...
Spallation as a dominant source of pusher-fuel and hot-spot mix in inertial confinement fusion capsules

We suggest that a potentially dominant but previously neglected source of pusher-fuel and hot-spot “mix” may have been the main degradation mechanism for fusion energy yields of modern inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules designed and fielded to achieve high yields—not hydrodynamic instabilities. This potentially dominant mix source is the spallation of small chunks or “grains” of pusher material into the fuel regions whenever (1) the solid material adjacent to the fuel changes its phase by nucleation and (2) this solid material spalls under shock loading and sudden decompression. We describe this mix mechanism, support it with simulations and experimental evidence, and explain how to eliminate it and thereby allow higher yields for ICF capsules and possibly ignition at the National Ignition Facility.
Union Resources and Union Tolerance as Moderators of Relationships with Sexual Harassment

Union membership is often overlooked in organizational research, but is especially neglected in research on sexual harassment. This study investigated the impact of union resources for dealing with harassment and union tolerance for harassment on antecedents and consequences of harassment. Women union members (N = 242) of varying ethnicities (European American, 56.6%; mixed ethnicity, 15.7%; Native American, 9.9%; African American, 5.0%; Hispanic American, 1.2%; Asian American, 0.4%; non-American, 2.9%) responded to a survey. As predicted, Union Resources moderated the relationship between organizational tolerance for harassment and reported harassment, such that women in unions with more resources reported less harassment. Union Tolerance moderated the relationship between harassment and negative psychological outcomes, although not as predicted. Implications for unions, employers, and researchers are discussed.
Selectivity Coefficient of a Colored Substance in Lysine Fermentation Broth for a Strong Cation Exchange Resin of Ammonium Form

A colored substance found in lysine fermentation broth is thought to be derived mainly from the raw materials and nutrient medium used for the fermentation. In this paper, the selectivity coefficient of this colored substance for an ion exchange resin of ammonium form as well as the apparent dissociation constant of the colored substance in solution were determined
Mullite Ceramics for the Application to Advanced Packaging Technology

Mullite ceramics were developed for multilayered packages, which have a lower dielectric constant and a nearer thermal expansion to that of silicon than those of alumina. The multilayered mullite packages are manufactured by using a similar cofired technology with tungsten or molybdenum to the conventionally used alumina system. A new brazing material and a new lead material were developed to be combined with the mullite ceramics Multilayered mullite packages with a brazed aluminum nitride heat sink, which has a high thermal conductivity, were developed to compensate a low thermal conductivity of the mullite itself. The packages are one of the highest performance packages.
The Road to Rationalization: A History of 'Where the Empirical Lives' (or Has Lived) in Consumer Choice Theory

This paper examines the different ways that economists have characterized the empirical content of modern consumer choice theory. There has been general agreement among economists that each stage in the development of the theory – from early neoclassical, to ordinal utility, and on to revealed preference – has been associated with an improvement in the theory’s empirical content (how the theoretical terms of the theory make contact with the empirical or observational), and yet, as the paper demonstrates, there has been almost no agreement about what exactly the empirical content of consumer choice theory is at any stage in the process. I call this the problem of observational ambiguity. The paper historically documents this observational ambiguity, links it to various theoretical developments, and relates it to debates in contemporary economic theory.
Heat transfer analysis and calculation of high temperature heat insulated pipeline supporter

Heat insulated supporters can save energy and reduce heat loss during the high temperature and long distance transportation process. Polytetrafluoroethylene is the main factor of influencing the supporters' working life. In order to prolong the life of heat insulated supporters, we check the temperature of slip surface, analyze the heat resistance, establish the mathematical model and solves it with method of numerical calculation. We have determine the highest temperature based on whih we can estimate whether it can meet in the range of polytetrafluoroethylene working temperature. The analysis shows that the thickness of asbestus between bolt and baseplate and the effect of heat insulation have some effect on the polytetrafluoroethylene working temperature. The calculation result of highest temperature is the same as the measured temperature, the error is less than 5%.
Effect of Plasmapheresis and Succedent Small Dosage of Hormonal Therapy for Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome in Children

Objective To investigate the effect of plasmapheresis(PE) and succedent small dosage of hormonal therapy on haemolytic uraemic syndrome(HUS) in children.Methods Clinical data of hospitalized children with HUS in Department of Nephrology,Guangzhou Children's Hospital,over the last 5 years were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 11 patients,with an average age of 5.2(range 2-9) years old,6 male and 5 female,10 cases were severe and 1 case was mild.Eight patients received PE 2 or 3 times respectively and succedent small dosage of hormonal therapy including 1 mg·kg-1 methylprednisolone or 1.0-1.5 mg·kg-1 prednisone.Of these patients,1 case received PE combined with hemodialysis(HD),1 case received PE combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration.One patient with mild haemolytic uraemic syndrome was treated by large dosage of intravenous immunoglobulin.One severe patient who received HD for more than 1 month in other hospital continued to receive HD in our hospital.One severe case who received large dosage of intravenous immunoglo-bulin and methylprednisolone in other hospital was treated by methylprednisolone and intestinal dialysis in our hospital.Results Nineteen times PE completed successfully without obvious complications.Of 8 patients who were treated by PE and succedent small dosage of hormonal therapy,7 patients discharged with liver function,heart function and renal function recovered and mild glass hematuria and mild proteinuria.The patients were followed-up for 2-26 months.During follow-up,all patients had normal renal function and negative proteinuria,5 cases had hematuria [red blood cell was(9-36)×106 L-1],1 case had slight hematuria only after infection,1 case had normal urine routine.One mild case discharged with normal renal function and urine routine,then followed-up for 38 months still had normal urine routine.The course of disease of 2 severe cases treated in other hospitals were more than 1 week when they were transferred to our hospital.They had gross hematuria and middle proteinuria and renal failure,normal platelet and hemoglobin.One case gave up and discharged with remissive gross hematuria,middle proteinuria and improved renal function after he received hemodialysis 6 times.One case gave up and discharged after he received methylprednisolone and intestinal dialysis therapy.Conclusions Severe HUS should receive PE early.PE and succedent small dosage of hormonal therapy can improve the prognosis and reduce the sequelae of HUS.
Chemerin activation in human obesity.

Objective Chemerin is an inflammatory adipokine, whose activity is regulated by successive proteolytic cleavages at its C-terminus. It is secreted as an inactive precursor (chem163S); cleavage at Lys158 converts it to chem158K with modest activity. Chem157S is the most potent form and chem155A is inactive. The aim of this study was to determine if chemerin was activated in samples from patients with obesity. Methods Using specific ELISAs for different chemerin forms and a pan-chemerin ELISA, chemerin forms in human obesity were characterized. Results Plasma chemerin from patients with obesity (BMI 44.3 ± 1.3 kg/m2, n = 29) was significantly higher than in lean controls (BMI 20.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2, n = 10) (160 ± 11 vs. 76.2 ± 5.5 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). This increase in chemerin was due to increased previously unattributed chemerin, with further C-terminal truncation demonstrated by mass spectrometry, accounting for ∼35% of total plasma chemerin. Chemerin forms in adipose tissue showed a different profile, with minimal chem163S and significant levels of chem157S. Chem155A was present in omental but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Unattributed chemerin forms were undetectable in adipose tissue. Conclusions Chemerin is activated in adipose tissue of subjects with obesity, and further C-terminal processing occurs during the disposition of chemerin from adipose tissue, resulting in substantial levels of novel degraded forms in plasma that correlate with obesity.
Sequencing, Analysis and Expression inEscherichia coliof a Gene Encoding a 15 kDaCryptosporidium parvumProtein

Abstract A previous paper presented data on a cDNA sequence encoding a protein associated with the AIDS related pathogen,Cryptosporidium parvum.However, the position of the start codon was uncertain, and the 5′ end was continuous, lending doubt about the size and complete sequence of the final protein product. Herein we present the complete gene sequence and conclude the predicted size of the putative protein to be 16.2 kDa.
Abstract 220: SR4 uncouples mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation, modulates AMPK-mTOR signaling, and inhibits proliferation of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces most of the energy in aerobic cells by coupling respiration with the production of ATP. Mitochondrial uncouplers, which reduce the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, create a futile cycle of nutrient oxidation without generating ATP. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and associated cellular bioenergetics has been recently identified as promising targets for anticancer therapy. Here, we show that SR4 is a novel mitochondrial uncoupler that causes dose-dependent increase in mitochondrial respiration and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. These effects were reversed by the recoupling agent 6-ketocholestanol, but not cyclosporin A, and were non-existent in mitochondria-DNA depleted HepG2 (po) cells. In isolated mouse liver mitochondria, SR4 similarly increased oxygen consumption independent of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and uncoupling proteins, decreases MMP, and promotes swelling of valinomycin-treated mitochondria in potassium acetate media. Mitochondrial uncoupling in HepG2 cells by SR4 results in the reduction of cellular ATP production, increased ROS production, activation of the energy-sensing enzyme AMPK, and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Global analysis of SR4-associated differential gene expression confirms these observations, including significant induction of apoptotic genes and down regulation of cell cycle, mitochondrial and oxidative-phosphorylation pathway transcripts at 24 h post treatment. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that SR49s previously reported indirect activation of AMPK and in-vitro anticancer properties, as well as its beneficial effects in both animal xenograft and obese mice models could be a direct consequence of its mitochondrial uncoupling activity (Supported by NIH grant CA 77495 and Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope). Citation Format: Sharad S. Singhal, James Figarola, Jyotsana Singhal, Joshua Tompkins, David Horne, Sanjay Awasthi, Arthur Riggs. SR4 uncouples mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation, modulates AMPK-mTOR signaling, and inhibits proliferation of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 220.
Dual Regulation of L-Selectin-Mediated Leukocyte Adhesion by Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx

Endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) is a carbohydrate-rich, gel-like layer found on vascular endothelium, serving critical functions in mechanotransduction of blood flows, maintenance of the endothelial permeability, and the control of leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the role of ESG in the adhesion between leukocytes and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) under resting or inflammatory conditions. Using an atomic force microscopy-based single-cell adhesion assay, we directly quantified the detachment force and work perpendicular to the cell membrane. Detachment force and work were measured for every separation event of a leukocyte from a HUVEC with ESG, or with the major ESG glycosaminoglycan components, heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) removed. For the resting HUVECs, when HS and/or HA were removed, the detachment force and work increased dramatically. For the HUVECs activated by inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, we observed increases in the detachment force and work compared to the resting HUVECs, and removal of HS and/or HA resulted in significant decreases in the detachment force and work. The results demonstrate that the ESG layer serves a dual function: (1) on resting endothelium, it prevents leukocyte adhesion, and (2) under inflammatory conditions, it participates in endothelial-leukocyte interactions with molecules such as selectins.
Loss of the oncogenic phosphatase PRL-3 promotes a TNF-R1 feedback loop that mediates triple-negative breast cancer growth

Stimulating tumor cell senescence and apoptosis are proven methods for therapeutically combating cancer. However, senescence and apoptosis are conventionally viewed as parallel, not sequential, processes. We have discovered that the metastasis-promoting phosphatase, PRL-3, is transcriptionally regulated by the NF-ĸB pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, and that PRL-3 knockdown elicits an autocrine tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1) feedback loop that results in TNBC cell senescence followed by apoptosis. Knockdown of PRL-3 leads to rapid G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of a strong TNFα cytokine response that promotes a period of cellular senescence through TNF-R1-mediated activation of NF-ĸB. Senescent PRL-3 knockdown cells subsequently underwent apoptosis as a result of increased TNF-R1 signaling through the TNFα-associated extrinsic death pathway, shunting signaling away from the NF-ĸB cascade. These data suggest that TNF-R1 signaling dynamically re-programs after PRL-3 knockdown, from sustaining cell senescence through NF-ĸB to promoting apoptosis through TNF-R1 internalization and caspase-8 activation. The molecular mechanisms that determine the survival-death balance of TNF-R1 signaling are poorly understood, despite the fact that TNF-R1 has been extensively studied. Our results describe PRL-3 knockdown as a novel survival-death balance modifier of the TNF-R1 pathway, and show that senescent TNBC tumor cells can be sensitized to undergo apoptosis in a sequential manner.
Security issues of emerging smart cards fare collection application in mass transit

Mass transit fare collection has advanced over the last couple of decades from cash and tokens to magnetic stripe cards. Smart cards are emerging as the desirable new fare collection medium because of the numerous problems associated, with the operations and maintenance of the magnetic stripe cards. Smart cards are microprocessor based memory cards with built-in logic all embedded in a chip and contained in a credit card sized plastic carrier. They have the ability to store large amount of data which can be altered and updated by programming. In mass transit applications, smart cards combine the secure, cashless transactions and personalized applications that encourage passengers to use mass transit, while they provide transit authorities with demographic information. Smart cards can be used as debit, credit or stored-value cards for transit. Fraud and fare evasion can also be reduced by adopting the smart cards-based fare systems. The cards are more difficult to counterfeit than tokens or magnetic stripe card, and they can be programmed to prevent immediate re-use. Recent publications indicate that the chip is the principal element in achieving security in the smart card end product. Therefore, security in smart cards application is attained during the initial design by the chip manufacturer where elements of the design may include memory and access control.
Electro-Absorption Modulators Based on Carrier Depletion in Epsilon-Near-Zero Films

We report field effect electro-absorption (EA) modulators made of a thin epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) film sandwiched in a silicon or plasmonic waveguide. The significant bias-induced reduction of the absorption of the ENZ film may promise nanoscale modulators.
Analysis of a coverstitched stretch sensor for monitoring of breathing

Textile-based sensors are being integrated into garments for the monitoring of physiological signals from the human body. Commonly, textile sensors are implemented through knitting methods, while the response of these sensors from other structures has been less studied. This work analyzed the feasibility of using a textile-based stretch sensor with a coverstitch formation integrated into a commercial shirt for monitoring breathing patterns. For comparison, a Respiratory Inductive Plethysmograph (RIP) based breathing system was used. Data from three subjects performing eight different activities were collected in a controlled environment. The performance of the textile sensor was evaluated based on the mean absolute error breathing rate captured using different segment sizes and as the degree of correlation to the RIP sensor. Results showed an average breathing rate error of 0.97+0.42 breaths/epoch for an epoch size of 10s. The average correlation with the RIP sensor signals was p=0.41+0.2. Results suggest that this garment-integrated sensor could be potentially used in the monitoring of breathing rate.
q -Deformations of statistical mechanical systems and motives over finite fields

We consider q-deformations of Witt rings, based on geometric operations on zeta functions of motives over finite fields, and we use these deformations to construct q-analogs of the Bost-Connes quantum statistical mechanical system. We show that the q-deformations obtained in this way can be related to Habiro ring constructions of analytic functions over F_1 and to categorifications of Bost-Connes systems.
SprBlk cache: enabling fault resilience at low voltages

This paper proposes a novel cache architecture that uses spare cache blocks to work as back up blocks in a set associative cache, which can operate reliably at voltages well below the manufacturing induced operating voltage (Vccmin). We detect errors in all cache lines at low voltage, tag them as either faulty or fault-free. At runtime, we bypass the faulty words. To bypass faulty words, we use adder and shifter circuitry. Furthermore, we develop a fault model to find the cache set failure probability at low voltage. At 485mV, SprBlk cache operates with a 16.7% lower bit failure probability compared to a conventional cache operating at 782mV while reducing power consumption by 1% when SprBlk is implemented in the L1 data cache only, by 75% when implemented in the L2 cache only, and by 76% when implemented in both L1 and L2 caches. SprBlk cache is 15% more area efficient than the previously proposed Bit-Fix mechanism. Additionally, SprBlk provides ∼ 73% reduction in EPI (energy per instruction) compared to a conventional cache.Furthermore, it consumes 2--5% less power compared to Bit-Fix mechanism.
Direct electromagnetic source tomographic imaging neurotechnology (DESTIN)

One of the techniques that have the greatest chance of being both high impact and disruptive is electroencephalography (EEG) because of the low cost of the device, installation, operation, and ease of use. EEG is universally used in neuroscience research. Despite its great success and demonstrated the potential for brain imaging, significant limitations exist with EEG, most important of which is the accuracy of the localization of the brain sources from the recorded EEG due to the ill-posed nature of the localization procedures which lead multiple solutions. fMRI solves this, or blood oxygen level dependent, is a well-established method for cognitive and clinical neuroscience as hemodynamic data are the epiphenomena of underlying neuronal activity developed at the Martinos Center Center. Brain mapping is one of the major endeavors that has been recently undertaken in neuroscience using fMRI to noninvasively localize the various brain functions. However, fMRI still has time resolution limitations, and subjects can only be studied in the confines of an MRI scanner. Direct Electromagnetic Source Tomographic Imaging Neurotechnology (DESTIN), may allow us to study subjects outside a scanner room and with ms second resolution needed to study neuronal activity. DESTIN is uniquely based on an entirely new physical principle which does not rely on EEG signals alone for electrical source localization rather than time of flight localization as it is similarly done in PET.
Surface Induced Dissociation Coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Unveils Heterogeneity of a 211 kDa Multicopper Oxidase Protein Complex.

Manganese oxidation is an important biogeochemical process that is largely regulated by bacteria through enzymatic reactions. However, the detailed mechanism is poorly understood due to challenges in isolating and characterizing these unknown enzymes. A manganese oxidase, Mnx, from Bacillus sp. PL-12 has been successfully overexpressed in active form as a protein complex with a molecular mass of 211 kDa. We have recently used surface induced dissociation (SID) and ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to release and detect folded subcomplexes for determining subunit connectivity and quaternary structure. The data from the native mass spectrometry experiments led to a plausible structural model of this multicopper oxidase, which has been difficult to study by conventional structural biology methods. It was also revealed that each Mnx subunit binds a variable number of copper ions. Becasue of the heterogeneity of the protein and limited mass resolution, ambiguities in assigning some of the observed peaks remained as a barrier to fully understanding the role of metals and potential unknown ligands in Mnx. In this study, we performed SID in a modified Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. The high mass accuracy and resolution offered by FTICR unveiled unexpected artificial modifications on the protein that had been previously thought to be iron bound species based on lower resolution spectra. Additionally, isotopically resolved spectra of the released subcomplexes revealed the metal binding stoichiometry at different structural levels. This method holds great potential for in-depth characterization of metalloproteins and protein–ligand complexes.
CardBot: A Chatbot for Business Card Management

This article presents an application which combines chatbot and OCR techniques. The core value of CardBot is helping people manage business card cleverly and intuitively, and providing personalized services as a virtual assistant.
Technology and Pedagogy: Information Technology Competencies in Public Administration and Public Policy Programs

AbstractMuch of the public administration literature over the last 50 years has focused on the perceived gap between theory and practice, and recent studies examine the implications of such a gap f...
Elevated precursor 16S rRNA levels suggest the presence of growth inhibitors in wastewater.

Conventional activated sludge systems require bacteria to grow to avoid washout through decay and routine solids wasting. Recently we developed a procedure targeting precursor 16S ribosomal RNA to measure the in situ growth activity of phylogenetically defined microbial populations, and this procedure was used to study the growth of bacteria in activated sludge systems. The current study significantly expands this previous work by quantifying levels of precursor 16S ribosomal RNA within individual cells of pure cultures of bacteria exposed to various culture conditions. Initially, three ranges (Type I, Type II, and Type III) of precursor 16S ribosomal RNA levels were defined by whole cell fluorescence in situ hybridization of a pure culture of Acinetobacter calocaceticus T prepared in three culture conditions. Low levels of precursor 16S ribosomal RNA (Type I) corresponded to a stationary phase culture prepared overnight in Luria-Bertani medium. Intermediate levels of precursor 16S ribosomal RNA (Type II) corresponded to a culture transferred into fresh Luria-Bertani medium, and high levels of precursor 16S ribosomal RNA (Type III) corresponded to a culture treated with the growth inhibiting antibiotic chloramphenicol. Subsequently, the abundance of individual cells of each Type were measured in four different pure cultures after exposure to 0.45-mm filtered primary effluent collected from four different conventional activated sludge treatment plants in Cincinnati, OH, USA. Individual cells of each Type were observed in the culture of A. calcoaceticus T exposed to each of the four primary effluents. Only Type I cells were observed in cultures of A. johnsonii T , A. johnsonii strain 210a, and Escherichia coli T exposed to each of the four primary effluents. These results suggest that the growth of A. calcoaceticus T was inhibited by an unidentified component of filtered primary effluent present in each of the four wastewaters; whereas the growth of A. johnsonii T , A. johnsonii strain 210a, and E. coli T were not inhibited. These results have significance for understanding the growth of phylogenetically defined microbial populations within activated sludge treatment systems. If the pattern of elevated p16S rRNA levels observed in A. calcoaceticus T is prevalent in many microbial populations in activated sludge systems, this may have implications for preventing washout of critical microbial populations that may be experiencing growth inhibition.
Parathyroid surgery in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

When patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism receive a renal transplant, they have a temporary hypercalcemia. If this persists, the patient is said to have tertiary hyperparathyroidism, because the parathyroid glands have begun to function autonomously, irrespective of the patient's needs. This continued hypercalcemia is injurious to the transplanted kidney as well as to other vital systems, and correction consists of parathyroid surgery.
A New CCD Controller at UCO/Lich Observatory

We have developed a new CCD controller for Lick Observatory. Although the controller was developed for the new generation of guide cameras at Lick, it is still a versatile, high-performance, general purpose CCD controller for single-CCD applications.
Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) Construction Schedule Compression

Abstract : The shipbuilding industry has made significant advances in its use of modernized ship construction techniques and facilities. I am certain that many of the papers being presented at this Symposium will describe those techniques and address the technical advantages that accrue from their use. This paper, in addition to discussing those topics, attempts to examine the environment in which improvements in ship construction can occur and looks at the type of planning that must be done to ensure benefits are realized. The Navy is now the major customer of the U.S. shipbuilding industry, and even with the increased emphasis on competitive procurement, by necessity, contracts for a significant amount of sole source ship construction will exist due to technical or facility constraints. For these contracts, as well as many others, the shipbuilder has a limited incentive to accept the increases in risk inherent in changing his business strategy and existing industrial processes. The Navy has recognized this problem and I will now attempt to describe the successful effort to change this environment for aircraft carrier construction.
Automatic classification of software artifacts in open-source applications

With the increasing popularity of open-source software development, there is a tremendous growth of software artifacts that provide insight into how people build software. Researchers are always looking for large-scale and representative software artifacts to produce systematic and unbiased validation of novel and existing techniques. For example, in the domain of software requirements traceability, researchers often use software applications with multiple types of artifacts, such as requirements, system elements, verifications, or tasks to develop and evaluate their traceability analysis techniques. However, the manual identification of rich software artifacts is very labor-intensive. In this work, we first conduct a large-scale study to identify which types of software artifacts are produced by a wide variety of open-source projects at different levels of granularity. Then we propose an automated approach based on Machine Learning techniques to identify various types of software artifacts. Through a set of experiments, we report and compare the performance of these algorithms when applied to software artifacts.
Racial Differences in Rates of Change of Childhood Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Percentiles.

Objective To assess whether racial differences in rates of change in body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) percentiles emerge during distinct periods of childhood. Study design In this retrospective cohort study, we included children aged 5-20 years who received regular outpatient care at a large academic medical center between January 1996 and April 2016. BMI was expressed as age- and sex-specific percentiles and BP as age-, sex-, and height-specific percentiles. Linear mixed models incorporating linear spline functions with 2 breakpoints at 9 and 12 years of age were used to estimate the changes in BMI and BP percentiles over time during age periods: 12 years of age. Results Among 5703 children (24.8% black, 10.1% Hispanic), Hispanic females had an increased rate of change in BMI percentile per year relative to white females during ages 5-9 years (+2.94%; 95% CI, 0.24-5.64; P = .033). Black and Hispanic males also had an increased rate of change in BMI percentile per year relative to white males that occurred from ages 5-9 (+2.35% [95% CI, 0.76-3.94; P = .004]; +2.63% [95% CI, 0.31-4.95; P = .026], respectively). There were no significant racial differences in the rate of change of BP percentiles, although black females had higher hypertension rates compared with white females (10.0% vs 5.7%; P Conclusions Childhood patterns in BMI percentiles differ by race. Racial differences in rates of change in BMI percentile emerge early in childhood. Further study of early patterns could help to identify critical periods during childhood where disparities begin to emerge.
Source Location with Quantized Sensor Data Corrupted by False Information

Ahstract- In this paper, we investigate the problem of source location estimation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on quantized data in the presence of false information attacks. Using a Gaussian mixture to model the possible attacks, we develop a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to locate the source with sensor data corrupted by injected false information, and call the approach quantized received signal strength with a Gaussian mixture model (Q-RSS-GM). The Cramer-Rae lower bound (CRLB) for this estimation problem is also derived to evaluate the estimator's performance. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator is robust in various cases with different attack probabilities and parameter mismatch, and it significantly outperforms the approach that ignores the possible false information attacks.
Increased CMV IgG Antibody Titer is Associated with Non-AIDS Events among Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons.

Background: Among HIV-positive individuals, increased levels of inflammation and immune activation persist even in the setting of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are associated with greater rates of non-AIDS events. The etiology of this persistent inflammation is incompletely understood. Methods: Using a well-characterized cohort of 322 HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART, we conducted a case-control study. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, plasma biomarkers, and T-cell phenotypes were measured/characterized from samples collected 1 year after ART initiation. Conditional logistic regression for matched case-control studies analyzed the associations of year 1 CMV-specific IgG level with the subsequent occurrence of any non-AIDS event. Correlations between continuous CMV IgG antibody levels and soluble and cellular markers were assessed. Results: We found that higher levels of CMV IgG were associated with increased risk of non-AIDS events (OR = 1.58 per IQR [95% CI: 1.12, 2.24], P = 0.01) and with elevated soluble and cellular markers of inflammation. Conclusions: The magnitude of the host immune response to CMV may play a role in the persistent inflammation and resultant morbid events observed in the HIV-positive population.
Preservice teachers’ beliefs in a mathematics/science course

Little research exists which describes how mathematics and science constructivist beliefs are developed in a dual content mathematics/science methods course, and if beliefs within one discipline in...
Virgin Anticline and Quail Creek Reservoir

The first thing most visitors to Quail Creek State Park notice, apart from the improbably blue and refreshing waters of the reservoir itself, are the brightly colored, layered rocks of the surrounding cliffs. In fact, Quail Creek State Park lies astride one of the most remarkable geologic features in southwestern Utah. The park lies cradled in the eroded core of the Virgin anticline, a long upwarp of folded rock that trends northeast through south-central Washington County. The fold is breached by erosion along its crest, creating a window into the geologic past. Famous for its geology, the park is also infamous for the 1989 catastrophic collapse of the Quail Creek south dike, which unleashed a torrent of water and caused millions of dollars of damage.
Generation of thymidine auxotrophic Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains for plant transformation

Abstract Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used gene delivery method for fundamental researches and crop trait improvement projects. Auxotrophic Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains are highly desirable for plant transformation because they can be easily removed from the explants after co-cultivation due to their dependence on essential nutrient supplementation. The thymidine auxotrophic A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404Thy- has been successfully used for plant transformation, however, auxotrophic version of other commonly used strains are not available yet to public laboratories. Here we report the generation of EHA101, EHA105 and EHA105D thymidine auxotrophic strains. These strains exhibited thymidine-dependent growth in the bacterial medium, and the transient GUS expression assay using Arabidopsis seedling showed that they retain the equivalent T-DNA transfer capability as the original strains thus are suitable for plant transformation.
Quasielastic electromagnetic scattering cross sections and world data comparisons in the GENIE Monte Carlo event generator

The usage of Monte Carlo neutrino event generators ($\mathrm{MC}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EG}\mathrm{s}$) is a norm within the high-energy $\ensuremath{\nu}$ scattering community. The relevance of quasielastic (QE) energy regimes to $\ensuremath{\nu}$ oscillation experiments implies that accurate calculations of $\ensuremath{\nu}A$ cross sections in this regime will be a key contributor to reducing the systematic uncertainties affecting the extraction of oscillation parameters. In spite of this, many $\mathrm{MC}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EG}\mathrm{s}$ utilize highly phenomenological, parametrized models of QE scattering cross sections. Moreover, a culture of validation of $\mathrm{MC}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EG}$s against prolific electron ($e$) scattering data has been historically lacking. In this work, we implement new $eA$ cross sections obtained from nuclear ab initio approaches in GENIE, the primary $\mathrm{MC}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EG}$ utilized by the FNAL community. In particular, we utilize results from quantum MC methods which solve the many-body nuclear problem in the short-time approximation (STA), allowing consistent retention of two-nucleon dynamics which are crucial to explain available nuclear electromagnetic (electroweak) data over a wide range of energy and momentum transfers. This new implementation in GENIE is fully tested against the world QE electromagnetic data, finding agreement with available data below $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ of beam energy with the aid of a scaling function formalism. The STA is currently limited to study $A\ensuremath{\le}12$ nuclei, however, its semi-inclusive multibody identity components are exportable to other many-body computational techniques such as auxiliary field diffusion MC which can reach $A\ensuremath{\le}40$ systems while continuing to realize the factorization contained within the STA's multinucleon dynamics. Together, these developments promise to make future experiments such as DUNE more accurate in their assessment of $\mathrm{MC}\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EG}$ systematics, $\ensuremath{\nu}$ properties, and potentially empower the discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model.
Exercise routine change is associated with prenatal depression scores during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women across the United States.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected physical and mental health worldwide. Pregnant women already exhibit an elevated risk for depression compared to the general public, a pattern expected to be exacerbated by the pandemic. Certain lifestyle factors, including moderate exercise, may help support mental health during pregnancy, but it is unclear how the pandemic may impact these associations across different locations. Here, we test whether: (i) reported exercise routine alterations during the pandemic are associated with depression scores; and, (ii) the likelihood of reporting pandemic-related exercise changes varies between women living in metro areas and those in non-metro areas. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the COVID-19 And Reproductive Effects (CARE) study, an online survey of pregnant women in the United States. Participants were recruited April-June 2020 (n = 1,856). Linear regression analyses assessed whether reported COVID-19-related exercise change was associated with depression score as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Survey. Logistic regression analyses tested whether a participant's Rural-Urban Continuum Code classification of "metro" was linked with higher odds of reporting exercise changes compared to a "non-metro" classification. Results Women who reported exercise changes during the pandemic exhibited significantly higher depression scores compared to those reporting no changes. Moreover, individuals living in metro areas of all sizes were significantly more likely to report exercise changes compared to women living in non-metro areas. Conclusions These results suggest that the ability to maintain an exercise routine during the pandemic may help support maternal mental health. It may therefore be prudent for providers to explicitly ask patients how the pandemic has impacted their exercise routines and consider altered exercise routines a potential risk factor for depression. An effort should also be made to recommend exercises that are tailored to individual space restrictions and physical health.
The Effect of Gender on Epworth Sleepiness Scale Scoring and Objective Measures of Sleep

We previously demonstrated significant gender and racial differences when self-Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and spouse-reported ESS were compared. In this study, we investigate whether gender specific self-ESS scores correlate with the objective measures of sleep quality. Seventy-nine patient–spouse pairs completed the ESS questionnaires after which patients underwent polysomnographic testing (PSG). The correlation between ESS results and the PSG-obtained measurements of sleep efficiency (SE), sleep arousal index (AI), and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) were evaluated by calculating Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Differences within patient–spouse pairs were evaluated using Wilcoxon’s Rank Sum Test. Our results indicated significant difference between patient-reported and spouse-reported scores for all patient age/gender groups except for female patients over 60. Significant correlations were seen between female patient-reported ESS scores, but not their spouse-reported ESS scores, and all three objective measures of sleep. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between male patient, and spouse-reported ESS scores and SE, AI, and AHI. The answers of female patients to individual sleepiness scenarios on ESS strongly correlated with at least one of the PSG-obtained values. In male patients, only one sleepiness scenario correlated with AHI, and their spouse-reported answers to specific ESS questions correlated with patients’ SE. Self-reported ESS is an effective marker of sleep quality only in female patients. For male patients, self-reported and spouse-reported answers to the specific questions of the ESS rather than the total ESS score are better markers of sleep quality.
Boson stars and their radial oscillations

We review the derivation of the pulsations equations for spherically symmetric boson stars and then make a thorough study of the radial oscillation frequencies for the fundamental and first excited modes. We do this for self-interacting boson stars and consider a range of values for the self-coupling constant. We also numerically evolve boson stars and Fourier transform the dynamic solutions. The Fourier transform gives an independent computation of the radial oscillation frequencies and allows us to verify our results obtained from the pulsation equations. We find excellent agreement between the two methods.
Using Robinson-Foulds supertrees in divide-and-conquer phylogeny estimation.

One of the Grand Challenges in Science is the construction of the Tree of Life, an evolutionary tree containing several million species, spanning all life on earth. However, the construction of the Tree of Life is enormously computationally challenging, as all the current most accurate methods are either heuristics for NP-hard optimization problems or Bayesian MCMC methods that sample from tree space. One of the most promising approaches for improving scalability and accuracy for phylogeny estimation uses divide-and-conquer: a set of species is divided into overlapping subsets, trees are constructed on the subsets, and then merged together using a “supertree method”. Here, we present Exact-RFS-2, the first polynomial-time algorithm to find an optimal supertree of two trees, using the Robinson-Foulds Supertree (RFS) criterion (a major approach in supertree estimation that is related to maximum likelihood supertrees), and we prove that finding the RFS of three input trees is NP-hard. Exact-RFS-2 is available in open source form on Github at https://github.com/yuxilin51/GreedyRFS .