cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role for a cortical input to hippocampal area CA1 in the consolidation of a long-term memory

A dialogue between the hippocampus and the neocortex is thought to underlie the formation, consolidation and retrieval of episodic memories, although the nature of this cortico-hippocampal communication is poorly understood. Using selective electrolytic lesions in rats, here we examined the role of the direct entorhinal projection (temporoammonic, TA) to the hippocampal area CA1 in short-term (24 hours) and long-term (four weeks) spatial memory in the Morris water maze. When short-term memory was examined, both sham- and TA-lesioned animals showed a significant preference for the target quadrant. When re-tested four weeks later, sham-lesioned animals exhibited long-term memory; in contrast, the TA-lesioned animals no longer showed target quadrant preference. Many long-lasting memories require a process called consolidation, which involves the exchange of information between the cortex and hippocampus. The disruption of long-term memory by the TA lesion could reflect a requirement for TA input during either the acquisition or consolidation of long-term memory. To distinguish between these possibilities, we trained animals, verified their spatial memory 24 hours later, and then subjected trained animals to TA lesions. TA-lesioned animals still exhibited a deficit in long-term memory, indicating a disruption of consolidation. Animals in which the TA lesion was delayed by three weeks, however, showed a significant preference for the target quadrant, indicating that the memory had already been adequately consolidated at the time of the delayed lesion. These results indicate that, after learning, ongoing cortical input conveyed by the TA path is required to consolidate long-term spatial memory.
Organic Thin Film Transistors Based on N-Alkyl Perylene Diimides: Charge Transport Kinetics as a Function of Gate Voltage and Temperature

We report structural and electrical transport properties of a family of π-stacking soluble organic semiconductors, N,N‘-dialkyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimides (alkyl − pentyl [1], octyl [2], and dodecyl [3]). The structures of evaporated polycrystalline films of 1−3 were studied using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Films of 1−3 pack similarly with the direction of π−π overlap in the substrate plane. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on 1−3 deposited on SiO2 gate dielectric showed linear regime electron mobilities of 0.1, 0.6, and 0.2 cm2/(V s), respectively, corrected for contact resistance. OTFTs of 2 had saturation electron mobilities as high as 1.7 cm2/(V s) with on-to-off current ratios of 107. Variable temperature measurements were used to examine the charge transport kinetics in the range 80−300 K and revealed (1) thermally activated electron mobilities with activation energies dependent on gate voltage and (2) the presence of well-defined isokinetic points, i.e...
Thermal resistance of wall cavities containing reflective insulation

The numerically computed heat transfer coefficients are less than the measured values and do not reduce the disagreement between predicted and measured R-values for reflective assemblies. The Nu calculated in this project were 9 to 27 percent less than those published previously for aspect ratios from 4 to 100, and include aspect ratios greater than previously considered. The introduction of a vertical temperature gradient on the cavity reduces the difference between predicted and measured heat transfer coefficients. The calculated Nu increased when a temperature gradient is specified for the vertical boundaries and this results in a decrease in the calculated R-value.
Dopamine release in n. accumbens and striatum by clozapine: simultaneous monitoring by in vivo electrochemistry.

Abstract The effects of clozapine and chlorpronazine on doparnine release in N. accumbens vs. caudate were examined by in vivo electrochemistry. Chlorpromazine produced strong increases in electrochemical signal in both caudate and N. accumbens, whereas clozapine gave a dose-related increase in N. accumbens, but little or no change in caudate. The clozapineinduced electrochemical signals in the N. accumbens were abolished by 6-OHDA lesioning of the A10 regions. The results support the contention that clozapine acts preferentially in the lirnbic dopaminergic system.
The Sins of Banking Regulation in the USA

The US banking system has been prone to failure, primarily because it has been mis-regulated. Banks have been restrained from diversifying and from serving their customers effectively by restrictions on branching and on products offered. But competition has been good for bank customers.
Aesthetics and trust: visual decisions about web pages

Eyetracking studies seem to suggest that users do not look at large expressive graphics on web pages [1,2], as seen in the relatively few gaze fixations such graphics attract from users in task-driven eyetracking studies. However, many studies show that users react in very fast important ways to the overall design of web pages, and that such reactions have a profound effect on user's judgments of the usability, aesthetic merit, and trustworthiness of web page designs [3,4].
The effect of crystal field splittings on the electrical resistivity of NdB6

Abstract The contribution to the electrical resistivity of NdB6 arising from temperature dependent crystal field level populations is experimentally measured and accounted for by theory.
Evaluation of the educational utility of patient follow-up.

Objectives: To date, no studies in emergency medicine (EM) have addressed the educational value of the Residency Review Committee for Emergency Medicine's (RRC-EM) requirement for patient follow-up (FU). The authors examined whether performance of patient FU improved EM resident education. Methods: All EM resident FU encounters from September 25, 2001, through September 24, 2002, were documented and analyzed. All EM residents at a regional tertiary referral emergency department (ED) initiated patient FU encounters by entering information regarding patients' initial ED presentations into a Web-based follow-up system (WBFUS), subsequently entered FU information, and indicated whether they thought that the specific FU encounters improved their education (yes/no). Supervising faculty members then reviewed the residents' completed FU entries. Blinded to residents' responses regarding educational utility, faculty members evaluated whether they thought the specific FU encounters were educational for the residents (yes/no). Data entered into the WBFUS were then summarized as percentages. Results: Eight hundred forty-seven FU encounters were completed by 18 EM residents and 29 EM faculty. Ninety-three percent of the FU entries were deemed by at least one evaluator (resident or faculty) to have educational value. Residents found the act of performing FU educational in 81.3% of cases, whereas faculty thought 80.4% were educational for the resident. Although the residents and faculty agreed on the educational value in 75.4% of cases, the overall strength of the agreement was slight to fair (kappa statistic = 0.21). Conclusions: This study indicates that EM residents and faculty believe that the act of performing patient FU has educational value for EM residents; however, the interobserver agreement between residents and faculty was low.
The effects of pause time on auditory comprehension of language-disordered children

Language-disordered children were presented with two types of commands in a sentence comprehension task. One 3-sec pause was placed at the same syntactic boundary in one-half of the sentences in Set I and Set II. Results indicate that the subjects' performance improved as a function of the pause in Sentence Set II but not in Sentence Set I.
Does familiarity breed contempt?: Analyses of the relationship among company familiarity, company reputation, company citizenship, and company personality on corporate equity

Abstract The effects of familiarity have received little attention in the areas of public relations. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to predict the influence of familiarity on corporate equity, which is measured by willingness to invest in a corporation or purchase its products or services using several mediating variables such as citizenship, reputation, and personality. The Roper Corporate Reputation Scorecard was used to study these variables using an online panel survey from NOP World of 1500 participants. Results found familiarity does have a positive relationship in each industry regarding citizenship, reputation, and personality. In addition, the latter three variables had a significant positive effect on corporate equity.
Crystalline Glycylglycine Bolaamphiphile Tubules and Their pH-Sensitive Structural Transformation

The assembled structure of the heptane bolaamphiphile, bis(N-α-amido-glycylglycine)-1,7-heptane dicarboxylate, displays a sensitivity to the acidity of a solution. At pH 4, the heptane bolaamphiphile grows to a crystalline tubule in two weeks. At pH 8, a helical ribbon structure is formed in one week. The degree of carboxylic acid protonation was used to control the final assembled structures since the structures are determined by the strengths of the amide−amide and carboxylic acid dimer hydrogen bonds. Direct structural transformation between tubules and helical ribbons was also confirmed as a function of pH using optical microscopy and Raman microscopy. Conversion from the helical ribbons to the tubules occurs within one day, while the reverse conversion, from the tubules to the helical ribbons, is ten times slower.
Health related quality of life in Dutch young adults: psychometric properties of the PedsQL generic core scales young adult version

The purpose of this study is to provide Dutch norm data and to assess internal consistency and construct validity for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Young Adult Generic Core Scales (PedsQL_YA) in Dutch young adults aged 18–30 years. A sample of 649 young adults from the general Dutch population aged 18–30 years, stratified by age, sex, marital status and education, completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Dutch version of the PedsQL_YA online. Internal consistency of the PedsQL_YA scales was determined with Cronbach’s alphas. Norm scores were obtained by calculating the mean PedsQL scale scores by gender, age and health status. Differences in scale scores were analyzed for gender, age and health status (construct validity) using two-sample t-tests and effect sizes were calculated. Construct validity was determined by testing differences in PedsQL scores between healthy young adults and young adults with chronic health conditions. All scales of the PedsQL_YA showed satisfactory to excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alphas between .77 and .94. Men reported higher scores (indicating better HRQOL) than women on all scales (p < .01), except for school/work functioning. No age differences were found. Young adults with chronic health conditions scored lower on all scales (p < .001) than healthy young adults, indicating good construct validity. Effect sizes varied from medium to large. The Dutch version of the PedsQL_YA has adequate psychometric properties. With the availability of reliable norm data, the PedsQL_YA can be used as a tool in the evaluation of health related quality of life in healthy young adults and those with a chronic health condition.
Movements of upland invertebrates into drying seasonal woodland ponds in northern Minnesota, USA

Pitfall trapping of terrestrial invertebrates in and around a seasonal woodland pond in northern Minnesota, USA revealed that large numbers of detritivorous and predaceous invertebrates from the forest floor were entering the pond as it dried. To assess the significance of terrestrial invertebrate foraging on litter processing and survival of aestivating aquatic invertebrates in dry pond basins, a small-scale exclusion study was conducted at two seasonal woodland ponds. Litter and invertebrates collected beneath pond waters were added to either 1-mm-mesh pouches (30×30×5 cm) that excluded large-bodied terrestrial invertebrates or 12-mm-mesh reference pouches that permitted entry. Pouches were left in dry basins for four weeks. Upon retrieval, I found that more aestivating aquatic invertebrates existed in exclusion than reference pouches (P<0.001), suggesting that predation from terrestrial invertebrates might influence aquatic forms. Impacts of excluding detritivorous terrestrial invertebrates on litter processing were equivocal. I argue, however, that the influence of terrestrial invertebrates on seasonal pond ecology has rarely been considered, and it might be significant in terms of overall ecosystem function.
‘The stone that was cast out shall become the cornerstone’: the bodily aesthetics of human meaning

AbstractAesthetics concerns the origin of human meaning in our bodily engagement with our physical, social, and cultural environments. Our capacity for making sense of anything emerges from felt patterns of bodily perception and movement, and this embodied understanding provides the basis for all of our imaginative acts of abstract thought and creativity. Art is thus the consummation of our human drive to make meaning.
A parametric formulation of the UTD diffraction coefficient for real-time propagation prediction modeling

This letter presents a new solution to the diffracted field for dielectric wedges within the context of the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). The relationship between the diffraction coefficient and the four characterization factors in its formulation is studied by using the high-frequency solution for impedance-surface wedge diffraction at normal incidence in a UTD-like form in a previous paper. A polynomial curve-fitting procedure is employed through the least square criterion to obtain simplified expressions of the four factors. The result is compared with rigorous and heuristic formulations. Both parallel and perpendicular field polarizations are tested. The new parametric formulation agrees the rigorous solution reasonably well and exhibits significant improvement in accuracy over heuristic methods. This approach enables faster and more accurate evaluation of diffracted field in propagation prediction models for urban and indoor environments for potential use in real-time propagation computations.
Thermodynamic properties of actinide-oxide solid-solutions

Density functional theory and Monte(Carlo methods were used to investigate the solid( solution behavior of actinide dioxides (AcO2). The end(members of interest include: ZrO2, ThO2, UO2, NpO2, and PuO2; all have the isometric fluorite structure. Ab initio and subsequent Monte( Carlo simulations are used to calculate the excess enthalpy of mixing (ΔHexcess), excess Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔGexcess), and excess configurational entropy (ΔSexcess) for the above solid(solution series. From ΔGexcess, phase diagrams are derived and miscibility gaps identified. All of the binaries of the aforementioned end(members were studied; however, this paper focuses on the U1(xZrxO2 and Np1(xUxO2 binaries. About 25 at.% Zr can be in solid solution with the UO2 matrix above 1500 K, while Np is completely miscible in the UO2 matrix. Partial cation ordering was observed at all temperatures for the U1(xZrxO2 binary. The Np1(xUxO2 binary approaches perfect cation disorder at high temperatures (2000 K). The cation ordering scheme is not identified in this study because the number of cation(cation interaction parameters was limited by the single unit cell from the ab initio calculations.
Where CD4+CD25+ T reg cells impinge on autoimmune diabetes

Foxp3 is required for the generation and activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells, which are important controllers of autoimmunity, including type-1 diabetes. To determine where T reg cells affect the diabetogenic cascade, we crossed the Foxp3 scurfy mutation, which eliminates T reg cells, with the BDC2.5 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse line. In this model, the absence of T reg cells did not augment the initial activation or phenotypic characteristics of effector T cells in the draining lymph nodes, nor accelerate the onset of T cell infiltration of the pancreatic islets. However, this insulitis was immediately destructive, causing a dramatic progression to overt diabetes. Microarray analysis revealed that T reg cells in the insulitic lesion adopted a gene expression program different from that in lymph nodes, whereas T reg cells in draining or irrelevant lymph nodes appeared very similar. Thus, T reg cells primarily impinge on autoimmune diabetes by reining in destructive T cells inside the islets, more than during the initial activation in the draining lymph nodes.
Rings with quasi-continuous right ideals

Rings in which each right ideal is quasi-continuous (right π-rings) are shown to be a direct sum of semisimple artinian square full ring and a right square free ring. Among other results it is also shown that (i) a nonlocal right continuous indecomposable right π-ring is either simple artinian or a ring of matrices of a certain type, and (ii) an indecomposable non-local right continuous ring is both a right and a left π-ring if and only if it is a right q-ring. In particular, a non local indecomposable right q-ring is a left q-ring.
Intrapartum hepatitis B screening

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of acute hepatitis B in intrapartum patients and to describe the birth-to-administration interval of the hepatitis B vaccine and immune globulin in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients detected by intrapartum screening. STUDY DESIGN: Hepatitis B screening was performed on 8712 laboring patients admitted to Forsyth Memorial Hospital in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, between July 1, 1992, and Jan. 31, 1994. RESULTS: Fourteen laboring patients had positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen (prevalence 0.16%), and two of the 14 had a profile consistent with acute disease. The average interval from birth to administration of the hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B virus vaccine was 18.6 hours (range 3.9 to 31.0 hours) for hepatitis B virus-infected patients whose hepatitis B surface antigen status was unknown before labor. CONCLUSION: Intrapartum screening allows for diagnosis of the asymptomatic patient with acute hepatitis B virus infection whose hepatitis B surface antigen status was unknown before labor who would not have received hepatitis B immune globulin had only early prenatal screening been performed.
Associated language: Pura vida in Costa Rica

A multi-tiered theoretical framework that embraces ideas from pragmatics and interactional sociolinguistics is used to explain the various uses of pura vida in Costa Rican Spanish. Although there are numerous elements that comprise the associated language of Costa Rica, pura vida offers users a prime way of establishing claims to Costa Rican identity and allows them to express much of what is associated with in- group membership.
The place of Tam Hang in Southeast Asian human evolution

Abstract In February 1934, Jacques Fromaget of the Geological Service of Indochina discovered the Tam Hang rockshelter during prospecting work in Northern Laos. During his excavations, the geologist discovered seventeen anatomically modern human skulls. Ten of these skulls have been recovered in association with six largely-complete skeletons. These fossils, which are dated by 14 C to 15.7 ka, are used to address issues related to anatomical variation and migration in Southeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene. Excellent preservation of the skeletal material allows for estimation of body size and shape in a sample of young adults. Cranial metrics are also used to assess affiliations between Tam Hang and other Southeast Asian fossil samples in an effort to address questions about population migration. This fossil sample demonstrates that Late Pleistocene human activity may be productively addressed by continued work in the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia.
Uncertainty of the Liberal Peace

Variable selection is a crucial aspect of formulating a model to empirically examine data, as omitted variables can create spurious association, while inclusion of irrelevant variables can bias the results of one’s estimates. To mitigate such problems, researchers rely on theory to guide their selection of variables to include in their models. Unfortunately, in social science, there often exist several plausible theories to explain actions, and hence several models that researchers can use in their empirical work. This lack of unique theory is evident in examining trade’s effect on conflict, as there are three main theories on this and each suggests a different effect for trade interdependence on conflict. Empirically, the effect of trade on conflict remains uncertain, as researchers Barbieri and Oneal & Russett have come to disparate conclusions using different measures of trade interdependence (models). Each of their inferences is based on the belief that the variables they select form the ‘true’ model ...
Spatially growing dust acoustic waves: experiment and theory

Summary form only given. A dusty plasma is a modification of the usual plasma environment. Here, the usual collection of ions, electrons, and neutral particles is modified by the presence of charged, often micron-sized, particles; i.e., the "dust". These charged microparticles are often highly charged objects in laboratory or industrial plasmas and can cause a significant perturbation to the surrounding plasma environment. In a dusty plasma, one of the most fundamental modes of microparticle oscillation is the dust acoustic wave. This wave is generally modeled as a linear, compressional mode of the charged microparticle component of the plasma. Although first experimentally identified in the mid-1990's this wave mode continues to be a subject of intense study because of the possibility of identifying nonlinear phenomena. This presentation discusses a new experimental and theoretical investigation of the dust acoustic wave. In this study, dust acoustic waves in an argon DC glow discharge plasma are investigated using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry techniques. Evidence of the spatial growth of waves over 5 to 7 wavelengths will be presented. The experimental data is compared against an updated form of the dust acoustic wave dispersion relationship that includes ion drag and neutral drag. Generally good agreement is found between the experiment and theoretical model
Heisenberg exchange in the magnetic monoxides

The superexchange interaction in transition-metal oxides, proposed by Anderson in 1950, is treated using contemporary tight-binding theory and existing parameters. We find also a direct exchange for nearest-neighbor metal ions, larger by a factor of order 5 than the superexchange. This direct exchange arises from ${V}_{ddm}$ coupling, rather than overlap of atomic charge densities, a small overlap exchange contribution that we also estimate. For FeO and CoO there is also a negative ``double-exchange'' contribution, related to Stoner ferromagnetism, from the partially filled minority-spin band that broadens when ionic spins are aligned. The corresponding contributions to the ${J}_{1}$ and ${J}_{2}$ parameters are calculated for MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO. They give good accounts of the N\'eel and Curie-Weiss temperatures, show appropriate trends, and give a reasonable account of their volume dependences. For MnO the predicted value for the magnetic susceptibility at the N\'eel temperature and the crystal distortion arising from the antiferromagnetic transition were reasonably well given. Application to $\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ planes in the cuprates gives $J=1220\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, compared to an experimental $1500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and for $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ gives ${J}_{1}=450\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, compared to an experimental $230\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$.
Postexercise systolic blood pressure response: Association with the presence and extent of perfusion abnormalities on thallium-201 scintigraphy

We sought to determine whether the 3-minute postexercise systolic blood pressure response (SBPR) would be an indicator of a greater extent of hypoperfusion on quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy. Previous studies have suggested that the 3-minute postexercise SBPR, defined as the ratio of the systolic blood pressure measured 3 minutes after exercise to the systolic blood pressure at peak exercise, is an ischemic response to exercise that indicates both the presence and extent of coronary artery disease. We prospectively studied the myocardial perfusion imaging correlates of the 3-minute postexercise SBPR in 133 patients referred for symptom-limited exercise testing and quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy. The mean 3-minute postexercise SBPR was 0.85 +/- 0.14 in patients with normal scans compared to 0.91 +/- 0.14 in patients with redistribution defects (p = 0.04) and 0.92 +/- 0.17 in patients with persistent defects (p = 0.02). Patients with > 3 abnormal scan segments had significantly higher 3-minute postexercise SBPR values compared to patients with < or = 3 abnormal scan segments (p = 0.0005). Multiple linear regression evaluating the 3-minute postexercise SBPR, exercise-induced ST depression, and the level of exercise in metabolic equivalents indicated an association only between the 3-minute postexercise SBPR and the number of abnormal scan segments (p = 0.0004). An abnormal 3-minute postexercise SBPR is reflective of myocardial perfusion abnormalities, comprising regions of ischemia and scar. Higher values of the 3-minute post-exercise SBPR are associated with greater degrees of myocardial hypoperfusion.
Childhood history of anxiety disorders among adults with social phobia: rates, correlates, and comparisons with patients with panic disorder.

We examined the rates and correlates of a childhood history of anxiety disorders in 100 adults with a primary diagnosis of social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Adulthood and childhood disorders were assessed by experienced clinicians with structured clinical interviews. Rates of childhood anxiety disorders were evaluated to diagnostic comorbidity and a comparison group of patients with panic disorder. Onset of social phobia occurred before age 18 in 80% of the sample. Over half of the sample (54%) met criteria for one or more childhood anxiety disorders other than social phobia: 47% for overanxious disorder, 25% for avoidant disorder, 13% for separation anxiety disorder, and 1% for childhood agoraphobia. A history of childhood anxiety was associated with an early age of onset of social phobia, greater severity of fear and avoidance of social situations, greater fears of negative evaluation, and greater anxiety and depression morbidity. Rates of childhood social phobia, overanxious disorder, and avoidant disorder were significantly higher in patients with social phobia relative to our panic-disordered comparison group. We found approximately equal rates of a childhood history of separation anxiety disorder in patients with social phobia and panic disorder, providing further evidence against a unique relationship between separation anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
Employment Isn’t Enough: Financial Obstacles Experienced by Ex-Prisoners During the Reentry Process

One of the greatest needs for persons leaving prison and returning to their communities is immediate employment. Although this has been researched and written about by many in the field of criminology and criminal justice, this study, based on interview data obtained from 70 men and women on parole in Colorado, expands on the recognized need for employment by identifying and analyzing the additional collateral financial obligations that are rarely addressed by researchers and correctional practitioners. In addition to describing barriers to obtaining employment, we explore financial obligations that may significantly prevent ex-offenders from gaining an economic foothold, even when employed, including mandatory parole expenses and other debts incurred prior to and after incarceration. Without the ability to meet these financial obligations, many returning former prisoners came to believe they will never achieve economic success. A lack of financial stability and little hope for a better future may significantly affect the ability of many persons leaving prison to successfully reenter society.
The mysterious and the invisible: Writing history in and of colonial Yucatan

This brief essay argues that studying the non-Spanish inhabitants of Yucatan's past requires bridging the social distance generated by differences of time and culture and that the specific nature of that distance must first be understood. With respect to the Mayas, their mystique in the modern popular and academic imaginations is as much the creation of Maya elites in ancient and colonial times as it is the product of archaeologists and historians. To demystify the Maya, we must engage mundane as well as exotic sources and be aware of the obfuscating influence of those who interpreted Maya culture before us. A complete picture of colonial Yucatan and of the colonial Mayas must include Afro-Yucatecans, or Africans and their descendents in the peninsula. Rendered invisible by historical processes and lack of scholarly attention, Afro-Yucatecans must be fully examined if we are to fully grasp the Yucatec experience, including the Yucatec Maya experience.
Self-heterodyne characterization of a fabry-pérot quantum cascade laser for multi-heterodyne spectroscopic sensing

The optical properties of a FP-QCL are characterized in a self-heterodyne interferometric measurement scheme. The narrow linewidths of the self-heterodyne beat notes indicate the resolution limits of FP-QCL based multi-heterodyne spectrometers.
Effect of Topiramate on the Neuronal Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of the Rats with Seizure

Objective To observe the effects of topiramat(TPM) on seizure and neuronal apoptosis in the chronic epileptic rats induced by pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) and provide the basic theory about the neuroprotective effects of TPM.Methods Model group and TPM treated group were established ac-cording to Dienhl’s ways.Saline was administrated intra-peritoneally in one group as the sham operated group.The change of rats’ ethology was observed,then the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase medi-ated dUDP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) was used to detect cell apoptosis and the immunohisto-chemistry method to detect the level of caspase-3 positive neurons.Results The TPM treatment signifi-cantly inhibited the degree of seizure(P0.01) and prolonged the incubation period(P0.05)comparing with that in the model group,but there was no obvious difference in the seizure duration between these two groups(P0.05).The numbers of apoptotic cells and caspase-3 positive neurons in the TPM treated group were significantly increased than those in the sham operated group(P0.01),and even more in the model group comparing with the other two groups(P0.01).Conclusion TPM has protective effects against the chronic epileptic rats induced by PTZ.The hippocampus neuronal apoptosis in the brain of rat with seizure is effectively controlled by TPM,which may be relevant to the decreased expression of Caspase-3.
The Necessity for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Wetland Design and Adaptive Management: The Case of Wetland Channels

The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the design and adaptive management of constructed wetlands is illustrated by case examples of channel form and function in a variety of wetland types. Channels in wetland systems are typically viewed simply as conduits of water inflow and outflow. However, there are dynamic interrelationships amongst vegetation, hydrology/hydraulics, and substrate in wetland channel systems that demand a more holistic approach to wetland management that considers the disciplines of biology, engineering, and sedimentary geology. Recognition of the inter-dependence of the biologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic components of channelized flow in wetland systems is critical to the successful design of self-sustaining constructed wetlands.
Neurointensivist Prognostication Aids Decision Making in Anoxic Brain Injury Patients (S46.006)

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study explores whether neurointensivist’s prognostication impacts treatment decisions in anoxic brain injury (ABI) patients after cardiac arrest (CA). BACKGROUND: The neurointensivist is often responsible for prognostication of ABI patients after CA. It is unclear if the neurointensivist9s involvement and input affect decision-making. METHODS: Medical records of 165 patients with a diagnosis of CA between 04/01/2008 - 04/30/2015 at our institution were reviewed. Details of patients with ABI after CA including interventions such as hypothermia, sedation, ancillary testing, neurointensivist’s examinations and prognostication were reviewed along with final discharge outcomes. Prognostications were based on the Practice Parameters of American Academy of Neurology published in 2006. Comparative analyses were done for continuous as well as categorical variables. RESULTS: 26 patients were diagnosed with ABI following CA. Neurointensivists were involved in prognostication in 80[percnt] (n= 21) cases. Six (29[percnt]) patients underwent hypothermia protocol; prognostication was delayed until ≥ 3 days after normothermia was achieved. Patients were deemed to have “good” outcome in 24[percnt] (n=5) cases whereas remaining were suggested to have “indeterminate” or “poor” outcomes in similar proportions (38[percnt], n= 8). Prognostication by the neurointensivist significantly influenced treatment decisions (regarding withdrawal vs continuation of care) as care was withdrawn the most in patients predicted to have “poor” outcomes (87[percnt]) as opposed to the “indeterminate” (50[percnt]) or “good” outcome patients (20[percnt]), p=0.050. Discussions with family members (whether led by neurointensivist vs other specialists) did not significantly influence treatment decisions. There was no significant difference in treatment decisions based on patient’s wishes (verbal or advanced directives) vs “consensus” of next of the kin. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostication by the neurointensivist significantly influences treatment plans (withdrawal of care vs supportive care) in ABI patients following CA. Larger, prospective studies would be needed to elucidate what other factors influence decisions regarding treatment in this patient population. Disclosure: Dr. Prakash has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramiro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kumar has nothing to disclose.
From awareness to action: Examining predictors of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism for heterosexual people

In recent history, heterosexual allies have played an integral role in promoting change for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations in the United States; however, questions have been raised as to what drives heterosexual allies to promote change via activism. To delineate factors important in engagement in activism, 207 self-identified heterosexual allies completed an online survey measuring components associated with LGBT activism using Bandura's (1986) model of triadic reciprocal determinism: personal factors (ally identity, social justice self-efficacy and outcome expectations, empathetic perspective taking, and gender) and environmental factors (social justice related supports and barriers, positive marginality, and education level) to predict behaviors (LGBT activism). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed a model accounting for 62% of the variance in LGBT activism, with dimensions of ally identification, social justice self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and education level emerging as significant predictors of engagement in activism behaviors. Empathetic perspective taking and social justice related barriers predicted lack of engagement in LGBT activism, however. Supporting the notion that personal and environmental factors simultaneously impact engagement in LGBT activism. (PsycINFO Database Record
Lesion Recognition by XPC (Rad4) Protein

DNA contains the blueprint for the proper development, functioning, and reproduction of every organism. DNA in cells is continuously being damaged by a wide variety of environmental sources such as UV rays, pollutants, cigarette smoke, and food toxins [1]. The lesions, if not repaired, can hamper critical cellular functions such as replication and transcription and lead to cell death or turn into genomic instability (mutagenesis) [1–5]. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a highly versatile and sophisticated repair pathway that has been conserved from yeast to humans to counter these diverse lesions and keep the genome integrity. NER removes primarily bulky, helix distorting damages induced by environmental sources that include intra-strand crosslinks such as (6–4) photo product and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) generated by UV light, a variety of adducts formed by environmental pollutants such as polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (induced by components in cigarette smoke) or aromatic amines, interstrand crosslinks created by chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, and endogenous metabolites including reactive oxygen species ([1, 6, 7]. NER in human cell is a complex biochemical process that requires several proteins [7–15]).
Transfer Pricing: UN Guidelines -- Brazil

The UN Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries endeavors to provide “clearer guidance on the policy and administrative aspects of applying transfer pricing analysis.” Chapter 10 is particularly noteworthy. It sets out specific country practices. The rules in Brazil, China, India and South Africa are offered as templates for developing countries to follow. This article considers the Brazilian contribution to Chapter 10. Although some writers believe that developing countries should adopt the Brazilian model this article suggests otherwise. Even though it is a theoretically simple system, some aspects of the Brazilian model consistently work to the fiscal disadvantage of the country adopting it. As a general matter, this is not a transfer pricing regime that should be widely emulated by developing countries. In particular, developing countries that offer low cost manufacturing opportunities to MNEs and those that offer market access to an expanding middle class may be disappointed to learn that the Brazilian transfer pricing regime systematically shifts income out of the country. The problem is mainly with the import rules.
Internet Resources for Older Adults With Sexual Concerns

The Internet offers a plethora of sexuality resources. However, one topic that seems under-represented on the Internet is sex and aging. Older adults and health service professionals with questions...
A Deeper Look at Burnout in the Child Welfare Workforce

ABSTRACTChild welfare workers experience high levels of burnout, contributing to poor job performance and turnover. Using a sample of 2,302 child welfare case workers and supervisors from three states, this study (1) validates the use of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory with child welfare workers and (2) examines sources and consequences of burnout in that population. Compared to client-related burnout, staff experienced higher levels of burnout related to agency-level factors. Work-related burnout was also more strongly associated with job stress, job dissatisfaction, and intent to leave than was client-related burnout. Suggestions are offered to help improve staff retention and reduce burnout.
“What’s in a name?”: A consensus proposal for a common nomenclature in the endovascular resuscitative management and REBOA literature

The emerging techniques of REBOA and other Endovascular Trauma Managment (EVTM) concepts has introduced new terminology to the medical vernacular. As research in this field continues, the authors propose a common baseline nomenclature for the initial core essentials of EVTM concepts.
Examining Security and Privacy Research in Developing Regions

Prior research suggests that security and privacy needs of users in developing regions are different than those in developed regions. To better understand the underlying differentiating factors, we conducted a systematic review of Human-Computer Interaction for Development and Security & Privacy publications in 15 proceedings, such as CHI, SOUPS, ICTD, and DEV, from the past ten years. Through an in-depth analysis of 114 publications that discuss security and privacy needs of people in developing regions, we identified five key factors---culture, knowledge gaps, unintended technology use, context, and usability and cost considerations---that shape security and privacy preferences of people in developing regions. We discuss how these factors influence their security and privacy considerations using case studies on phone sharing and surveillance. We then present a set of design recommendations and research directions for addressing security and privacy needs of people in resource-constrained settings.
Fatigue Damage Assessment by X-Ray Diffraction and Nondestructive Life Assessment Methodology

X-Ray diffraction (XRD) has been employed to evaluate cumulative damage incurred under both high cycle fatigue (HCF) and low cycle fatigue (LCF) conditions. Additional objectives of the study were to correlate the x-ray diffraction data to the microstructural characteristics and deformation mechanisms activated by various fatigue regimes and to develop a methodology for nondestructive assessment of remaining life.
Saint Anthony's Fire and AIDS: Two Altarpieces and the Oft-Forgotten Goals of Medicine

The Keiskamma Altarpiece, bears witness to the AIDS crisis, performing for South Africa the same narrative function that the Isenheim Altarpiece, a 16th-century masterpiece, did for medieval Europe during a plague. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Mechanisms for Recurrent Apneas at Altitude

breathing is commonly interrupted by periods of apnea during sleep, particularly at altitude (39). These apneas have recently been classified into two types (5, 20, 28). Central apneas are those in which all respiratory activity disappears for a time; in obstructive apneas respiratory activity is continuous but airflow stops. Temporary failure of the central respiratory-pattern generator is believed to cause central apneas. Upper air blockade, on the other hand, is believed to cause obstructive apneas. Both types of apnea can be sporadic or recurrent. During sleep at sea level, apneas are most common in the very young and in the elderly and occur more frequently in males than in females (20, 28). Such apneas can be central, obstructive, or mixed (where apneas begin as central and continue during an obstructed phase), and all types can be observed in the same individual in a single night’s sleep (20, 28).
Epidural opioid analgesia.

Analgesia produced by the epidural administration of opioids has become an important therapeutic technique in the management of acute pain. Epidural opioid analgesia has been demonstrated to provide superior analgesia and has resulted in several beneficial therapeutic effects, including improvement in pulmonary function, decreased time to ambulation, and decreased morbidity, as compared to conventional analgesic techniques. The improved analgesia and reduced systemic effects associated with epidural opioid analgesia represent distinct medical and economic advantages to the critical care patient.
Challenges of Serving Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Legal and Policy Considerations.

Significant issues still confront the field of emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) in providing a free, appropriate, public educational (FAPE) program for these students. This paper reviews re...
Team coordination dynamics and the interactive approach: emerging evidence and future work

In the study of coordination and teamwork, the primacy of team interaction is emphasized in an interactive approach. The interactive approach lies in stark contrast to the traditional, shared cognition approach to understanding team cognition. An overview of team coordination dynamics, an interactive approach rooted in nonlinear dynamics, is provided. Results from a series of experiments on team coordination dynamics are summarized. Finally, future research directions, inspired by those results, are considered.
The Evolution of Federal Regulation of Human Drugs in the United States: An Historical Essay.

Drug development prior to 1800 was based almost completely on observational trial and error. The earliest known exception was a controlled drug trial conducted by James Lind in 1747 on an English ship to show the effectiveness of citrus fruit in the treatment of scurvy. Clinical tests, but not concurrent comparative trials, were conducted by Charles Maitland in 1722 in London to show the effectiveness of variolation in preventing smallpox, and a controlled drug trial was conducted by Edward Jenner in London in 1796 to show the effectiveness of material taken from cowpox sores of young milkmaids (later called smallpox vaccine) in preventing smallpox. In 1775, William Withering learned from an elderly woman herbalist in Shropshire, England about her use of the Foxglove plant (whose active ingredient Withering later determined to be digitalis) in treating heart disease, and in 1785 published the results of his treatment of 158 patients with the drug, but he did not conduct a controlled study.
Reciprocal effects of homework self-concept, interest, effort, and math achievement

Abstract Informed by modern self-concept theory, the expectancy-value theory, and cultural differences in the valuing of effort and ability, the current investigation examines the temporal ordering of homework self-concept, interest, effort, and math achievement. Participants were 702 8th-grade students in China. Results revealed that positive reciprocal effects were found between (a) self-concept and achievement, (b) effort and achievement, and (c) interest and effort. In addition, prior interest had positive influences on subsequent self-concept whereas prior self-concept had nonsignificant influences on subsequent interest. Finally, the self-concept × effort interaction had nonsignificant influences on subsequent self-concept, interest, effort, and achievement.
The Body and Everyday Life

In this chapter we investigate the role of the body in everyday life and the role that age, gender, and race play in our relationships with others. We consider the importance of generations in our lives since an individual’s age is a predictor of our attitudes and behavior. In recent years, gender has been in focus because of concern regarding stereotyping and the fact that now gender has become a matter of choice. Finally, we discuss the role race plays in our lives and new attitudes people have about race, which like gender is now socially constructed.
1635 IN VITRO PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION IN THE HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME FOLLOWING THE ADDITION OF NORMAL SERUM

We have previously reported that the serum of many children with the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is unable to stimulate cultured endothelial cells to generate normal amounts of Prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Small, uncontrolled, non-randomized case studies suggest that the intravenous infusion of normal plasma, or the.use of plasma exchange, is beneficial in treating HUS by virtue of replacing a “missing” factor needed for normal PGI2 production. We therefore measured the ability of normal sera to enhance the ability of HUS sera to stimulate cultured endothelial cells to produce PGI2, as assessed by the radioimmunoassay measurement of its stable metabolite, 6-keto PGF1α. The results (mean±SD) of the paired mixing (normal sera:HUS sera) experiments (n=7), adjusted to correct for differences in endothelial cell lines, are as follows: The in vitro addition of normal sera to HUS sera in a 1:3 volume ratio resulted in a significant increase (p=0.01) in PGI2 production. The 1:6 mixture values did not achieve significance, however, (p>0.1, paired t test). These mixing experiments support the “missing” factor hypothesis.