cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of randomized patient education experiments with urban poor hypertensives.

Summary This paper raises some of the measurement issues identified in our baseline studies because we think these issues are fundamental to hypertension education research, and to the ultimate credibility of health education research. We have also presented the procedures by which we generated a set of hypotheses from baseline diagnostic surveys and a series of interventions to be tested in small-scale, but carefully controlled, randomized trials before training medical staff to employ them in their clinical routines. There has been a tendency in the medical and nursing literature to oversimplify the problems of hypertension management and of health education interventions and evaluation in this kind of setting. Some investigators have assumed that physicians' instructions were followed. Others presumed too much about the transferability to hypertension of educational technology, behavior modification, and cognitive theories from other health problems and populations in which they had successfully employed them. Many expect too much of blood pressure readings, clinic records, the possibility of pill counts, and even of survey methodologies to yield hard outcome data. Some have attempted or proposed to use the same dependent variables as the earlier Veterans Administration studies, which were not primarily concerned with patient compliance. The realities of inner-city clinic management of the typical hypertensive patient do not allow investigators simply to import educational or behavior modification strategies and prevail upon existing clinic staff to implement them. Neither the strategies nor the instrumentation to measure their effects have been sufficiently developed and field tested to justify their immediate, large-scale application in clinical trials that disrupt clinic routines, impose on the time of staff and patients, and are of unknown efficacy. Our approach to these issues has been to presume as little as possible and to build on a series of exploratory, methodological, and feasibility studies before imposing new procedures on overburdened clinics.
Cloning of Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE5 as a suppressor of a Ste20 protein kinase mutant: structural and functional similarity of Ste5 to Far1.

The β and γ subunits of the mating response G-protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been shown to transmit the mating pheromone signal to downstream components of the pheromone response pathway. A protein kinase homologue encoded by the STE20 gene has recently been identified as a potential G βγ , target. We have searched multicopy plasmid genomic DNA libraries for high gene dosage suppressors of the signal transduction defect of ste20 mutant cells. This screen identified the STE5 gene encoding an essential component of the pheromone signal transduction pathway. We provide genetic evidence for a functional interrelationship between the STE5 gene product and the Ste20 protein kinase. We have sequenced the STE5 gene, which encodes a predicted protein of 917 amino acids and is specifically transcribed in haploid cells. Transcription is slightly induced by treatment of cells with pheromone. Ste5 has homology with Fart, a yeast protein required for efficient mating and the pheromone-inducible inhibition of a G1 cyclin, Cln2. A STE5 multicopy plasmid is able to suppress the signal transduction defect of farl null mutant cells suggesting that Ste5, at elevated levels, is able functionally to replace Fart. The genetically predicted point of function of Ste5 within the pheromone signalling pathway suggests that Stc5 is involved in the regulation of a Gβγ-activated protein kinase cascade which links a G-protein coupled receptor to yeast homologues of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Far Infrared Absorption of the Atmosphere Above 4.2 km

Solar spectra of far IR absorption of atmosphere above 4.2 km, using interferometer and cryogenic bolometer measurements
Virtual Team Process and Pathologies: A Theory of Adaptive Intervention

The dynamic nature of group process is a long-standing challenge for research and practice, and particularly so in virtual teams, which are increasingly a regular part of organizational life today. Virtual teams act in fluid environments, as they strive to make sense of how best to incorporate appropriate technology choices during on-going interaction. Interventions in group process have potential to help teams make those choices. However, one set of critical factors that has received very little attention is the timing of interventions and their presentation style and content. These factors are particularly important in virtual teams, whose members rely on information and communication technologies and where technology interplay with group processes needs particular attention. Based on empirical findings, the authors present a new perspective on the longstanding topic of team process and the use of interventions, specifically in a virtual environment. The authors use the analyses of seven teams of students from three universities working together in a virtual workspace to complete a global offshore development project as case studies for building a process theory of adaptive intervention for virtual teams. The theory integrates team process with technology, to show how interventions can be used to proactively trigger and reactively respond to transitions. Ultimately, the theory shows how adaptive interventions can be used in a dynamic way to enhance virtual team process and thereby address key challenges that virtual teams face in their on-going work.
Celebration of Inorganic Lives

F. Albert Cotton Cotton: My childhood was a very happy one. Although my mother was widowed when I was two, she had a very strong character. Even though she had to work full time—and more, because the great depression was on—she took wonderful care of me. We lived in a row house in a working class neighborhood where there were lots of other boys with whom I played games and enjoyed myself. However, I always had intellectual interests they didn’t share. School never challenged me and didn’t much interest me until about eighth grade when I had a science teacher who lent me her college freshman chemistry book, which I really enjoyed. Despite various distractions, such as jazz guitar, I was pretty well locked in on chemistry from about the sixth grade. When I graduated from high school I received a scholarship to Drexel University (then Institute) where my father had studied engineering and I enrolled as a chemical engineering major. In my second year I realized I wanted to be a chemist, not a chemical engineer. Unfortunately, Drexel, at that time, did not offer a degree in chemistry, so, in the middle of the glut of GI bill students (1948) I had to try to transfer. Temple University took me in and this was one of the most fortunate things that could have happened. The small chemistry faculty was of very high quality, and I spent a wonderful 2 years there. Also, the environment of a real university instead of a technical school was very beneficial. I took courses in history, art, esthetics and did a minor in German. When I arrived at Harvard I had no idea what inorganic chemistry was all about. My intention was to be a physical chemist or, more likely, a physical organic chemist. I passed all the qualifying examinations and thus was free to take whatever courses I chose. The man I thought I would most likely work for was the physical organic chemist, P.D. Bartlett, and as it happened, he was the one to whom I was assigned for counseling on what courses I should take. On his
Thermal and mass analyses of fluorination process with ammonium bifluoride

Mixtures of ZrO 2 or ZBLAN/NH 4 FHF were mainly analyzed in the range of room temperature to 600 o C by TG-DTA and mass spectroscopy simultaneously in order to determine the best temperature for the fluorination process. Four endothermic peaks with weight reduction were found by TG-DTA, and clearly assigned by mass spectrum. The first peak around 100 o C is caused by the ZrO 2 /NH 4 FHF reaction, and the second to fourth peaks are attributed to decomposition of (NH 4 ) x-4 ZrF x
Crystal structure of a solvent-extraction complex: Bis(dibutylphosphato)aquabarium-18-crown-6

Abstract A complex of barium with dibutylphosphoric acid (HDBP) and 18-crown-6 ether has been prepared and its crystal structure determined. Molecules of the complex contain an 18-crown-6 ring which has a Ba 2+ ion near its center and is capped on one side by a DBP − ion on the other by a DBP − ion and a H 2 O molecule. Five of the O atoms of the crown are very nearly planar, while the sixth O atom and the Ba atom are 0.68 » and 0.61 » to one side, respectively. The H 2 O molecule makes an intramolecular hydrogen bond to one phosphate group and an intermolecular hydrogen bond to another, by which it links the molecules into continuous chains. The shape of the crown as it adapts to the Ba 2+ ion is compared to the conformation it has in other complexes. Crystals of Ba[(C 4 H 9 O) 2 · PO 2 ] 2 ·H 2 O·(C 12 O 6 H 24 ) are triclinc, P 1 , with a = 13.79(1), b = 17.19(1), c = 9.488(6) », α = 105.78(5)°, β = 83.00(6)°, γ = 107.45(6)°, Z = 2.
Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constants and Branching Ratios for the Reactions of Cl-(D2O)1-3 with CH3Br and Thermal Dissociation Rates for Cl-(CH3Br)

The rate constants and products for the reactions of Cl-(D2O)n + CH3Br (n = 1−3) have been measured. The n = 1 reaction was studied from 238 to 478 K. The rate constant is well described by k = (6.0 × 10-10) exp(−1270/T) cm3 s-1. We determined the reaction mechanism to be ligand switching to produce Cl-(CH3Br) followed by thermal decomposition of the complex. Cl-(CH3Br) decomposition produces greater than 90% Br- + CH3Cl with the remainder being Cl- + CH3Br. The Cl-(CH3Br) + He rate constant is well described by k = (4.5 × 10-10) exp(−2260/T) cm3 s-1. RRKM theory was used to model the decomposition of Cl-(CH3Br). The results are consistent with our experimental results if a central barrier height of 22.5 kJ mol-1 is used. The n = 2 and 3 reactions also proceed by ligand switching followed by thermal decomposition. The n = 2 reaction was studied from 203 to 298 K. The rate constant is well-described by (4.4 × 10-9) exp(−1329/T) cm3 s-1. The main product observed was Cl-(D2O) with a smaller amount of Cl-(D2...
Theoretical investigation of optical patterning of monolayers with subwavelength resolution

Abstract We formulate a model of monolayer patterning via optically-controlled chemical reactions, with the goal of beating the diffraction limit in photolithography. We consider the use of the proven technique of STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) to selectively place a handful of molecules in a reactive excited state. We show that repeated optical excitation has a greater effect on pattern formation than increasing the reaction rate, auguring well for experimental work. We also consider optically-controlled deposition of a soluble species via STED, and show that even for very large concentrations and excited state lifetimes the full width at half maximum of the features formed is robust against the effects of diffusion and saturation.
The effect of cerebellectomy on the cat's vestibulo-ocular integrator

Abstract (1) Cat eye movements during fixation with vision, attempted fixation in the dark and during rotatory nystagmus were examined before and after cerebellectomy. (2) After cerebellectomy most eye movements such as saccades, optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus superficially appeared to return to normal. (3) However, the cats were unable to maintain a steady eye position in the dark. Eye drift came from two sources; a post-saccadic slip of the eye back to some neutral point and a slow wandering of that neutral point. (4) The post-saccadic slip was exponential in shape and had a time constant of 1.3 sec. (5) The interpretation of post-saccadic slip is that the vestibulo-ocular integrator is located in the pons but it is a leaky integrator with a time constant of only 1.3 sec. The cerebellum somehow improves this integrator's performance by raising its time constant above 20 sec. (6) The fact that the leaky integrator affected both saccades and vestibular nystagmus is evidence that the integrator is shared by the saccadic and vestibular systems. (7) The wandering neutral point is regarded as a form of internal noise that is released by cerebellectomy. (8) It appears that one oculomotor function of the cerebellum is to use extra-retinal knowledge of eye position to try and prevent the eyes from drifting about in very dim illumination when the normal optokinetic mechanism becomes inadequate. It is suggested that a single cerebellar mechanism is involved since it could simultaneously account for the attenuation of neutral point drift and the increase in the integrator time constant.
The synaptic spinule in the dendritic spine: electron microscopic study of the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

The present report calls attention to a component of certain synaptic junctions which has received little attention since its description in 1962 by Westrum and Blackstad. This component, which we term the synaptic spinule, is found in dendritic spine synapses in rat telencephalon (e.g., hippocampus, caudate nucleus, temporal and frontal cortex). Its major feature is an invagination of the presynaptic terminal by the presynaptic membrane, with the postsynaptic membrane protruding into this invagination. The synaptic spinule occurs in close association with the post-synaptic density, often occurring between breaks in this specialization. Serial sections reveal that when a synaptic spinule is present, a spine apparatus is observed near the dendritic protrusion. Coated vesicles are sometimes observed associated with the synaptic spinule; in all such instances they are associated with the presynaptic membrane. We studied the distribution of synaptic spinules in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In contrast to its presence in the molecular layer, the synaptic spinule has not been observed in terminals of the subgranular layer of the dentate hilus. It is speculated that the synaptic spinule may play a role in exchange of material at dendritic spine synaptic junctions.
A persistent increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by both fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscles after a single exercise session by old rats

Exercise has been demonstrated to enhance subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) by predominantly type II (fast-twitch) muscle of old rats, but previous research has not evaluated exercise effects on GU by type I (slow-twitch) muscle from old rats. Accordingly, we studied male Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats (24 months old) and determined GU (0, 100, 200, and 5,000 μU/ml insulin) of isolated soleus (predominantly type I) and epitrochlearis (predominantly type II) muscles after one exercise session. Epitrochlearis (100, 200, and 5,000 μU/ml insulin) and soleus (100 and 200 μU/ml insulin) GU were greater at 3-h postexercise vs. age-matched sedentary controls. Insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr1162/1163) was unaltered by exercise in either muscle. Akt phosphorylation (pAkt) was greater for exercised vs. sedentary rats in the epitrochlearis (Ser473 and Thr308 with 100 and 200 μU/ml, respectively) and soleus (Ser473 with 200 μU/ml). AS160 phosphorylation (pAS160) was greater for exercised vs. sedentary rats in the epitrochlearis (Thr642 with 100 μU/ml), but not the soleus. Exercised vs. sedentary rats did not differ for total protein abundance of insulin receptor, Akt, AS160, or GLUT4 in either muscle. These results demonstrate that both predominantly type I and type II muscles from old rats are susceptible to exercise-induced improvement in insulin-mediated GU by mechanisms that are independent of enhanced insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation or altered abundance of important signaling proteins or GLUT4. Exercise-induced elevation in pAkt, and possibly pAS160, may contribute to this effect in the epitrochlearis of old rats, but other mechanisms are likely important for the soleus.
Dependability Analysis of Diffusion Protocols in Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Node Capabilities

Wireless networks are starting to be populated by interconnected devices that reveal remarkable hardware and software differences. This fact raises a number of questions on the applicability of available results on dependability-related aspects of communication protocols, since they were obtained for wireless networks with homogeneous nodes. In this work, we study the impact of heterogeneous communication and computation capabilities of nodes on dependability aspects of diffusion protocols for wireless networks. We build a detailed stochastic model of the logic layers of the communication stack with the SAN formalism. The model takes into account relevant real-world aspects of wireless communication, such as transitional regions and capture effect, and heterogeneous node capabilities. Dependability-related metrics are evaluated with analytical solutions techniques for small networks, while simulation is employed in the case of large networks.
Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against an autoregressive unit root alternative

We propose a new test for the null hypothesis that a time series is stationary around a deterministic trend. The test is valid under general conditions on stationarity. Asymptotic distributions of the test statistic are derived under both the null and the alternative hypothesis of a unit root. It is shown that the limiting distribution has the classical Kolmogoroff– Smirnoff form. Critical values for the null distribution are calculated. Consistency of the tests is proved. The tests provide a useful complement to the conventional unit root tests.
The regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the perfused rat liver: a role for the mitochondrial monocarboxylate translocator.

Abstract The regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex was investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver. The rate of 14 CO 2 production from infused [1- 14 C]pyruvate was utilized as an index of the metabolic flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. In the perfused liver infusion of β-hydroxybutyrate resulted in a substantial stimulation of the metabolic flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction at low (0.05 m m ) perfusate pyruvate concentrations. At high (5 m m ) pyruvate levels in the perfusion medium the decarboxylation of [1- 14 C]pyruvate was inhibited by β-hydroxybutyrate. The activation state of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex during β-hydroxybutyrate infusion at a low pyruvate concentration was elevated by 74% above values obtained with pyruvate alone. The increase in the active form of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex occurred in spite of increased tissue levels of acetyl-CoA and NADH observed in this condition. At a high pyruvate concentration infusion of β-hydroxybutyrate resulted in elevated acetyl-CoA and NADH levels and no change in the activation state of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Stimulation of the metabolic flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction as a result of infusion of β-hydroxybutyrate at low perfusate pyruvate concentration was, to a certain extent, diminished by infusion of acetoacetate. The mitochondrial monocarboxylate translocator inhibitor α-cyanocinnamate was infused into a liver and the perfusate concentrations of pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate were adjusted so that the metabolic flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and the rate of acetoacetate production were nearly equivalent to the control experiment [e.g., low (0.05 m m ) pyruvate and 10 m m β-hydroxybutyrate] performed in the absence of α-cyanocinnamate. In the presence of α-cyanocinnamate β-hydroxybutyrate infusion resulted in a substantial inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylation. This observation contrasts sharply with the experiment performed at the low pyruvate concentration where β-hydroxybutyrate infusion caused a stimulation of pyruvate decarboxylation. These experiments provide evidence suggesting that the stimulation of the flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction by β-hydroxybutyrate or other precursors of acetoacetate observed at low pyruvate concentrations is a result of an accelerated exchange of cytosolic pyruvate for intramitochondrially generated acetoacetate on the monocarboxylate translocator.
Seasonal changes in the adrenal glands of woodchucks (Marmota monax).

Adrenal weights of 872 woodchucks (Marmota monax), collected over a 4- yr period from a 10,000-acre area in Pennsylvania, were correlated with several physiologic and behavioral factors. There was a significant positive linear relationship between adrenal weight and body length. Adrenals of females were about 8 % heavier than those of males of equal length. Data for adrenal weights were analyzed for seasonal variations by pooling the animals collected during each weekly period. Mean adrenal weight increased 60 % from the 1st of March, just after hibernation, to the 1st of July, then declined sharply. A 2nd, less marked (48%), sharp increase in weight occurred at the end of August. Mean adrenal weight fell from the 2nd peak to a level in October that was 15 % below the March level. The initial rise in the spring corresponded to a period during which an increasing number of woodchucks were active for longer periods of time each day, the concentration of animals at a given time was increasing, and the level ...
The low temperature specific heat of NpOs2 and NpRu2

Abstract Specific heat measurements on NpOs 2 show a peak at T c = 7.9 ± 0.1 K, and γ = 90 mJ/(mol K 2 ) above T c . The magnetic entropy, 0.2 R 1n 2, supports previous arguments for itinerant ferromagnetism. The data for NpRu 2 , supposedly a spin fluctuation compound, are fit below 10 K by C / T = γ + BT 2 , with γ = 118 mJ/(mol K 2 ) and B corresponding to θ D = 174 K.
High-pressure glycosylations of unreactive alcohols and the formation of N-glycosyl collidinium salts.

Abstract The yields of disaccharide glycosylation products in tetramethylammonium bromide or silver triflate-collidine activated reactions between hindered alcohols and glycosyl halides were not greatly affected when a pressure of 15 kbar was applied. The formation of orthoester products was greatly increased under pressure. When orthoester formation was not possible both disaccharides and the related N -glycosyl collidinium salts were found.
Evidence for Visual Cortical Area Homologs in Cat and Macaque Monkey

The maps of visuotopically discrete visual cerebral cortical areas in the cat and the macaque monkey are compared and gaps in knowledge are identified that limit such comparisons. Cat areas 17, 18, and 19 can be equated with macaque areas V1, V2, and V3, respectively, based on criteria of relative position in the cortical mantle, internal organization of visual field representations, and trans- and subcortical connections. Using these same criteria, a visual area on the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian sulcus (area PMLS) in the cat can be equated with macaque area V5. The equivalences are supported by data on neuronal receptive field properties and the contributions the areas make to visual behavior. Although the data are scanty for most other visual areas, there are enough data tentatively to equate collectively cat areas 20a and 20b with macaque areas TF and TH and to liken cat areas 21a and 21b with macaque area V4. What is not clear is if there is a region in cat that is equivalent to area TE in the macaque monkey. If there is, it likely lies on the banks of the posterior suprasylvian sulcus between areas 20 and 21 and the polysensory cortex of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus. Knowledge gained from prior research on macaque areas V4 and TE can be used to formulate specific additional investigations of cat area 21 and the uncharted posterior suprasylvian sulcus. In addition, prior investigations carried out on cat area 20 can be used to devise specific explorations of macaque areas TF and TH.
Embedded nowcasting method using cloud speed persistence for a photovoltaic power plant

Abstract Accurate forecasting of the spatio-temporal variability of solar power is a critical enabler of economical grid-integration of large amounts of solar power. A new physically-based endogenous method to forecast power output and ramps a few minutes ahead is presented. This cloud speed persistence method consists of advecting the current distribution of power output across the plant using endogenous measurements of cloud motion vectors. The method was validated at a 48 MW photovoltaic power plant in south-western Nevada, USA. Excluding clear days and in terms of the percentage root mean squared error the new method outperformed persistence by 16.2% at 20 s, 10.6% at 60 s, and 4.0% at 120 s forecast horizon. Given plant dimensions (1807 × 539 m) and cloud motion vectors at the site, the method can be applied out to forecast horizons of 65 s, on average.
Characteristics of chondrocyte responses to a human interleukin 1-like factor

Abstract The objective of these studies was to characterize some aspects of collagenase production by rabbit articular chondrocytes cultured with stimulated monocyte supernatants. Supernatants from human monocytes stimulated with 20 ng/ml bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the synthesis and secretion of latent collagenase by the chondrocytes beginning at 6 hr. The time course and dose response of collagenase production by the chondrocytes were identical using crude monocyte supernatants or semipurified interleukin 1 (IL-1). Recombinant or purified human interleukin 2 failed to induce collagenase production in the cultured chondrocytes. The response of the chondrocytes was inhibited by actinomycin D or cycloheximide and not by corticosteroids. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) alone failed to directly stimulate the chondrocytes. However, PMA led to enhanced collagenase production by chondrocytes when incubated with submaximal amounts of LPS-stimulated monocyte supernatant or semipurified IL-1. LPS alone in amounts between 0.1 and 10.0 μg/ml directly stimulated collagenase production in chondrocytes between 4 and 11 days in culture. These data confirm those of other laboratories that IL-1 may be the active factor in monocyte supernatants responsible for inducing collagenase production in cultured chondrocytes. Further characterization of this response indicates that the collagenase is not preformed in the cells and stimulation of its production is not inhibited by corticosteroids. Cell supernatants or IL-1 preparations containing PMA as low as 1.0 ng/ml or LPS as low as 1.0 μg/ml may give falsely high values for IL-1 activity when assayed by stimulation of collagenase production in cultured chondrocytes.
Functional Significance of Erythropoietin Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the principal hematopoietic cytokine that regulates mammalian erythropoiesis by binding to its transmembrane receptor EpoR. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the biologic effects of EPO are not limited to the regulation of erythropoiesis. In studies focusing on nonhematopoietic effects of EpoR signaling, we found high levels of EpoR protein expression in human breast cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical breast cancer specimens for EPO and EpoR expression, characterize the relationship between EPO expression and tumor hypoxia in biopsies prelabeled with hypoxia marker pimonidazole, analyze breast cancer cell lines for EpoR expression, and study the functional significance of EpoR expression in breast cancer cells in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis for EPO, EpoR expression, and pimonidazole adducts was performed on 26 tumor biopsies with contiguous sections from 10 patients with breast cancer. High levels of EpoR expression were found in cancer cells in 90% of tumors. EPO expression was found in 60% of tumors and EPO and EpoR colocalization in tumor cells was present in many cases. The expression pattern of EPO with respect to tumor hypoxia was variable, without consistent colocalization of EPO and hypoxia in tumor cells. Human and rat breast cancer tissue culture cells express EpoR mRNA and protein. To study the in vivo function of EpoR expression in breast cancer cells, we used rat syngeneic R3230Ac mammary adenocarcinoma cells in a tumor Z-chamber model (dual porous plexiglass chambers containing fibrin gel, cancer cells, and a putative anti-tumor compound implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats). Local, one-time administration of a neutralizing anti-EPO antibody, soluble EPO receptor, or an inhibitor of Jak2, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase essential for EPO-mediated mitogenesis, resulted in a delay in tumor growth with 45% reduction in maximal tumor depth in tumor Z-chambers in a dose-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate the expression of functional receptors for EPO in breast cancer cells.
What is ahead for Mayo Clinic

cutive chesT his year, 2014, marks the 150th anniversary of Mayo Clinic. This sesquicentennial year we will recognize Mayo Clinic’s past and present in multiple ways, including articles inMayo Clinic Proceedings; individual programs at the 3 Mayo Clinic group practices in Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona; content shared broadly through electronic media; and more. This sesquicentennial year is also an appropriate time to examine the future of Mayo Clinic, taken in the context of the ongoing changes in health care in our nation and in the world. As such, it is my pleasure to share with you a vision for the future of Mayo Clinic from the perspective of the Clinic’s leadership. Mayo Clinic and its more than 57,000 employees are currently engaged in a disciplined exercise to guide Clinic innovation to 2020 and beyond. At the highest levels of decision making and resources, we will leverage our strong patient-centered culture of teamwork and excellence in patient care, medical education, and research to preserve, strengthen, and perpetuate our humanitarian, not-for-profit mission for generations. Rather than predicting how health care will play out in the future, I will review the principles that guide our decisions and share where Mayo is investing its resources.
Feminist identity development: Psychometric analyses of two feminist identity scales

N. E. Downing and K. L. Roush [(1985) “From Passive Acceptance to Active Commitment: A Model of Feminist Identity Development,”The Counseling Psychologist, Vol. 13, pp. 695–709] proposed a five-level developmental model of feminist identity that charts development from passive acceptance of traditional gender roles toward active commitment to feminist ideals and an egalitarian society. A Bargad and J. S. Hyde [(1991) “Women’s Studies: A Study of Feminist Identity Development in Women,”Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 15, pp. 181–201] and K. M. Rickard [(1989) “The Relationship of Self-Monitored Dating Behaviors to Level of Feminist Identity on the Feminist Identity Scale,Sex Roles, Vol. 20, pp. 213–226] developed questionnaires to measure the Downing and Roush levels. The goal of the present study was to further explore the reliability and validity of the two feminist identity development scales. Participants included 198 female students who were taking either a women’s studies class or a general psychology class. They were administered Rickard’s and Bargad and Hyde’s scales of feminist identity development and a measure of cognitive development both at the beginning and end of the semester. Sixty-six percent of the participants classified themselves as Caucasian, 13% as Asian, 7% as African American, 4% as Hispanic, 3% as Indian, 5% as Other, and 2% left the item blank. Within this framework, we demonstrated support for (1) the psychometric/statistical properties of each scale, including (a) internal consistency and reliability, (b) component structure, (c) the relationship among the two scales, and (d) discrimination from social desirability; and (2) construct validity, as determined by (a) distinction between general psychology students who were interested in taking a women’s studies class in the future and those who were not, (b) the impact of a women’s studies class on feminist identity development, and (c) relationship of the scales to a measure of cognitive development.
p53 AND MICROVESSEL DENSITY IN PRIMARY RESECTION SPECIMENS OF SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER

Purpose: p53 Regulates angiogenesis in fibrosarcoma and correlative studies suggest a similar role for muscle invasive bladder cancer. We evaluated the associations of p53 status and microvessel density with pathological features and clinical outcomes in a large population of patients with superficial bladder cancer. In addition, we assessed the correlation of p53 status with microvessel density, which would suggest the regulation of angiogenesis by p53.Materials and Methods: We stained 84 primary bladder resection specimens, including 55 stage pTa, 29 stage pT1, 27 grade 1, 35 grade 2 and 22 grade 3 samples, for p53, CD31 and CD34. The relationships of p53 or microvessel density and tumor stage-grade or clinical recurrence-progression were analyzed by analysis of variance and pairwise comparison analysis for least significant difference, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Only patients with no previous biopsy were included in analysis to preclude interference by granulation tissue related neovasculari...
Gas sensors based on fiber laser intracavity spectroscopy (FLICS)

Intra-cavity spectroscopic measurements may be obtained with any material that has an absorption signature under the gain bandwidth of a fiber laser. The high sensitivity of the intra- cavity technique combined with the compact size of a fiber laser makes this approach very attractive for a wide range of applications. Experiments have been carried out with acetylene and a tunable erbium-doped fiber laser. Compared to regular absorption measurements, an enhancement in sensitivity limited mainly by laser noise is observed. Since intra-cavity spectroscopy is essentially a single beam technique, dual beam noise reduction is not possible with this arrangement. However, if we consider the fact that a single mode fiber can support two modes of polarization, we can create two lasers using the fiber as a common element for both optical cavities. The proposed fiber laser configuration uses a polarization beam splitter to create two independent cavities (x and y polarization) with the same noise, of which one cavity contains the absorber. This permits the convenient use of Balanced Ratiometric Detection in conjunction with sensitive intra-cavity absorption. Although tested using bulk devices, this fiber laser sensor can easily be implemented in an all- fiber version using off the shelf fiber optic components, which makes it a good candidate for compact field spectroscopic measurements.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
31P-NMR Analysis of Congestive Heart Failure in the SHHF/Mcc-facpRat Heart

31P-NMR was used to monitor myocardial bioenergetics in compensated and failing SHHF/MCC-facp(SHF) rat hearts. The SHHF/Mcc-facp(spontaneous hypertension and heart failure) rat is a relatively new genetic model in which all individuals spontaneously develop congestive heart failure, most during the second year of life. Failing SHF rat hearts displayed a pronounced decrease in resting PCr:ATP ratios (P<0.001), which was explained by a significant (P<0.0001) drop in total creatine (47.2±3.1 nmol/mg protein) v age matched controls (106±3 nmol/mg protein). In end stage failure, NMR determined PCr was 2.9±0.1 μmol/g wet weight under basal conditions. In contrast, 6- and 20-month-old controls and compensated SHFs had PCr values of 5.3±0.1, and 5.1±0.5 and 5.1±0.2 μmol/g wet weight. Both compensated and failing SHF hearts were metabolically compromised when the rate pressure product (RPP) was increased, as evidenced by an increase in Piand a drop in PCr. Compensated SHF hearts, however, were able to increase rate pressure products (RRP, mmHg×beats/min) from 44.5±1.4 to 66.6±3.4 K with dobutamine infusion, whereas hearts in end-stage failure were able to increase their RPP from baseline values of 27±4 K to only 37±7 K. The data indicate that a pronounced decline in PCr and total creatine signals the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to decompensation and failure in the SHF rat model of hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
Dissipative Quantum Dynamics with Many Coupled Molecular States: Photodesorption from Metal Surfaces†

A general density matrix treatment is presented for the localized dynamics of a molecular system strongly coupled to a medium, and leading to dissipation and fluctuation phenomena. A self-consistent field description allows for the response of the medium when this is driven away from equilibrium. The dynamics of the primary region is described with a dissipative potential within an atomic model, whereas the medium is described in a statistical manner in terms of dissipative rates. This treatment is applied to the femtosecond photodesorption of CO from the Cu(001) surface, in a model which includes several vibrational modes of the adsorbate, and the nonlinear response of the substrate metal treated with a modified optical Bloch equation. A computational procedure based on the split operator propagator and fast Fourier transform is applied to several studies with an increasing number of adsorbate degrees of freedom. It introduces a combination of discretization on a grid and expansions in basis sets of vibrational adsorbate states, to obtain results on yields of desorbed CO versus the fluence of the light pulse, in very good agreement with experimental results.
A Health Risk Index for assessing PHC coverage in urban India.

3 women interviewed a female member from each of 606 families living in 2 squatter settlements in Madras India to collect data that would allow health managers to develop a simple measure to identify families most in need of maternal and child health and family planning services. This measure may help in a more equitable distribution for each of 7 selected variables and assigned high risk scores to each to develop the Health Risk Index (HRI). These variables included caste child <5 years old illiteracy employment housing water and tobacco and alcohol use. Only 25.8% of eligible families with 1-2 year old children and those with 15.1% of 2-4 year old children received all child care services (immunization and micronutrient supplementation). Further only 22.5% of eligible families with pregnant women benefited from all 4 components of maternal care (tetanus toxoid iron folate supplementation trained birth attendants and food supplementation). These results demonstrated that the services delivery approach to selective primary health care (PHC) is deficient. Yet the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was able to affect higher levels of enrollment of high risk families. In fact their levels were higher than low risk families. Nevertheless this approach to PHC did not achieve universal coverage. Indeed the fact the those families with the higher rates of morbidity used ICDS services more often than the healthier population reflected the fact that selective PHC did not reduce health status differentials. An HRI can guide a community to develop an intersectoral PHC program which is needed to achieve health for all.
On the construction of the unit tight frames in code division multiple access systems under total squared correlation criterion

Abstract We focus on the application of unit norm tight frames to design code division multiple (CDMA) systems spreading sequences with constant chip magnitude. An algorithm for the design of the overloaded real-valued signature sets with minimum total-squared-correlation equal to the Welch bound equality (WBE) set is presented. By using this algorithm we solved the open problem of existence of complex-valued WBE sequence sets with constant chip magnitude in the case when K = N + 1 , where K is the number of active users in the system and N is the processing gain. The normalized cross-correlation between any pair of signatures in a set obtained by the proposed algorithm is either 1 / ( K - 1 ) or - 1 / ( K - 1 ) corresponding to equiangular sequences. The results are derived in the context of synchronous CDMA systems. Numerical examples for K = 5 users for real WBE sequences and for K = 4 , 3 users for complex WBE sequences with constant chip magnitude are provided.
MYOCARDIAL INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE TREATED WITH RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIIA

We report myocardial injury in 20 recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) treated and 110 nontreated patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Patients were treated or received standard medical management. All received EKG and cardiac enzyme testing. Elevated troponin occurred in 20% treated vs 3% nontreated (p = 0.02). Myocardial infarction occurred in 10% vs 1% (p = 0.01). We found a significant increase in myocardial injury in rFVIIa treated patients.
Interactions of Androgens and Estradiol on Sex Accessory Ducts of Larval Tiger Salamanders,Ambystoma tigrinum☆

Abstract Immature tiger salamander larvae were treated with 12.5 or 25 μg of estradiol, testosterone, or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 12.5 μg of estradiol combined with 12.5 μg of either testosterone or DHT. Mullerian duct epithelium was more stimulated by combined steroid treatment than by any steroid alone. Estradiol antagonized the action of DHT in the Wolffian duct. Both of the androgens and estradiol when administered alone at the higher dose stimulated enlargement of connective tissue surrounding the ducts, but the combined 12.5 μg androgen/12.5 μg estrogen treatment was more effective even though the total steroid administered was the same. The effectiveness of DHT on Mullerian cells of this species is evidence against a required aromatization of androgens to explain paradoxical steroid effects and suggests that fundamental differences may exist in steroid receptors of Mullerian ducts, connective tissue, and Wolffian ducts. A possible role for the urodele duct system for assessing estrogenic activity of environmental contaminants is discussed.
The effect of food upon the sphincter of Oddi in human subjects.

Thirty-four experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of food upon the sphincter of Oddi in human subjects. A fatty meal consisting of egg yolks and cream produced relaxation of the sphincter, but fresh olive oil had little effect. Following a protein meal, relaxation occurred only once in four experiments. A carbohydrate meal did not produce a significant effect upon the sphincter resistance.
The roles of the nucleic acids and free nucleotides in chick embryonic extract on the growth of heart fibroblast.

Abstract Fractionation of chick embryonic extract has demonstrated that both the diffusible substances and the high molecular constituents were required for the in vitro growth of heart fibroblasts. Growth was evaluated by increase in tissue DNA content, and by incorporation of C14-labeled adenine. It was found that either the perchloric acid-soluble, or the heat-stable phase of embryonic extract could substitute fairly well for the components removed by dialysis. Direct chemical analysis of the nutrient medium during cultivation revealed the extensive uptake by tissue cells of nucleotides and nucleic acids, as well as protein components. Also the utilization of C14-labeled nucleotides and nucleic acids was demonstrated. Analysis of nucleic acid-free chick embryonic extract by Dowex column chromatography revealed a variety of different nucleotides, of which ten were identified. These compounds appear to have a dual role: in enzymic systems, and as building blocks of polynucleotide molecules.
"Intervention Package": An Analysis to Prepare Juvenile Delinquents for Encounters with Police Officers

Three experiments were conducted (1) to identify the important behaviors of police-youth interaction, (2) to teach four of these behaviors to three court-adjudicated delinquent youths, and (3) to validate the changes through the use of subjective ratings by police officers and a group of citizens from the community. The data suggest that training improved the police officers' subjective impressions of the youths and may have decreased the probability of the youths' being taken into custody, being stopped again, or being labeled as troublemakers.
An optimal parallel algorithm for building a data structure for planar point location

Abstract Using a modification of the Approximate Parallel Scheduling of R. Cole and U. Vishkin (SIAM J. Comput. 17, 11988),128–142), we give an optimal parallel algorithm for generating a linear size data structure for planar point location that supports an O(log n) query time. Our algorithm runs on a CREW PRAM in time O(log n) using n log n processors.
Clinical vs. bispectral index-guided propofol induction of anesthesia: A comparative study

Background: Clinically optimized focusing of drug administration to specific need of patient with bispectral index (BIS) monitoring results in reduced dose and faster recovery of consciousness. This study was planned with an aim to study and compare the conventional clinical end point or BIS on the requirement of dosage of propofol, hemodynamic effects, and BIS alterations following propofol induction. Methods: 70 patients, ASA I and II, 20-60 years undergoing elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were selected and divided into two groups. Group A received (inj.) fentanyl (2 μg/kg), followed 3 min later by inj. propofol at the rate of 30 mg/kg/hr infusion till the loss of response to verbal command while group B received inj. fentanyl (2 μg/kg), followed 3 min later by inj. propofol at the rate of 30 mg/kg/hr infusion. The end point of hypnosis was when the BIS value was sustained for 1 min at 48±2. The patients were intubated. Total induction dose of propofol was noted in each group. The value of BIS and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure) were noted at the time of loss of consciousness, at the time of intubation, and 1 min after intubation, thereafter every minute for first 10 min and thereafter every 10 min till end of surgery. Any involuntary muscle activity such as jerky movements, dystonic posturing, and opisthotonos were also recorded. Results: The mean dose of propofol used in groups A and B were 1.85±0.48 mg/kg and 1.79±0.41 mg/kg, respectively. The dosage used in group B were less but not clinically significant (P=0.575). On comparing the dosage of propofol in males among the groups there was a significantly lower dosage of propofol required in group B (2.06±0.45 mg/kg and 1.83±0.32 mg/kg, respectively, P=0.016). This decrease however was not seen in female patients dosage being 1.65±0.44 mg/kg and 1.75±0.49 mg/kg, respectively (P=0.372). The hemodynamic variables including heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and BIS were comparable within the group at induction, post-induction, and intubation. However, there was a significant increase in all the parameters at postintubation readings (P<0.001). Conclusion: No significant difference in the induction dose of propofol was observed when assessed clinically (loss of verbal response) or by BIS monitoring. Traditional teaching to titrate the dose of propofol and depth of anesthesia during intubation by loss of verbal response is as good as BIS value monitoring.