cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Losing its expected communal value: how stereotype threat undermines women's identity as research scientists

The worry or concern over confirming negative gender group stereotypes, called stereotype threat, is one explanation for women’s worldwide underrepresentation in undergraduate science classes and majors. But how does stereotype threat translate into fewer women motivated for science? In this quantitative study with a sample from the US, we use Expectancy Value Theory to examine whether and how stereotype threat concerns might influence women’s science identification. To do this, we collected survey data from 388 women enrolled in introductory physics (male-dominated) and biology (female-dominated) undergraduate laboratory classes at three universities. We examined multiple indirect effect paths through which stereotype threat could be associated with science identity and the associated future motivation to engage in scientific research. In addition to replicating established expectancy-value theory motivational findings, results support the novel prediction that one route through which stereotype threat negatively impacts women’s science identity is via effects on perceptions about the communal utility value of science. Especially among women in physics who expressed greater stereotype threat concerns than women in biology, science identification was lower to the extent that stereotype threat reduced how useful science was seen for helping other people and society. Implications for ways to create an inclusive learning context that combats stereotype threat concerns and broadens undergraduate women’s participation in science are discussed.
Age and Expectations About Counseling: Two Methodological Perspectives

Quantitative and phenomenological research methods are briefly discussed as they were simultaneously applied to expectations about counseling in 100 elderly persons and 100 gender- and ethnic-matched college students. Participants completed the Expectations About Counseling-Brief Form (EAC-B) questionnaire with appended demographic items, and also participated in semistructured group interviews. Analysis of variance indicated general similarity in EAC-B responses for elderly and young respondents. Phenomenological analyses of interview responses, however, revealed different expectations among elderly and young participants, which may account for the reluctance of many elderly persons to seek counseling. Results are discussed as they apply to counseling research and practice.
Multi-document Hyperedge-based Ranking for Text Summarization

In a multi-document settings, graph-based extractive summarization approaches build a similarity graph out of sentences in each cluster of documents then use graph centrality approaches to measure the importance of sentences. The similarity is computed between each pair of sentences. However, it is not clear if such approach captures high-order relations among more than two sentences or can differentiate between descriptive sentences of the cluster in comparison with other clusters. In this paper, we propose to model sentences as hyperedges and words as vertices using a hypergraph and combine it with topic signatures to differentiate between descriptive sentences and non-descriptive sentences. To rank sentences, we propose a new random walk over hyperedges that will prefer descriptive sentences of the cluster when measuring their centrality scores. Our approach outperform a number of baseline in the DUC 2001 dataset using the ROUGE metric.
Pointwise Fourier Inversion on Rank One Symmetric Spaces and Related Topics

Abstract This paper develops necessary and sufficient conditions for pointwise inversion of Fourier transforms on rank one symmetric spaces of non-compact type for functions in the piecewise smooth category. This extends results of Pinsky for isotropic Riemannian manifolds of constant curvature. Methodologically, a similar result on the Jacobi transform and a transplantation scheme from even dimensional spaces to certain odd dimensional real hyperbolic spaces naturally enter the picture.
SCANNING TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY BIOLOGICALLY DEGRADED WOOD

We developed an experimental technique to scan wood members for the presence of biologically degraded areas. The technique utilizes an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving unit coupled to two 84 Khz rolling transducers. With this technique, we were able to locate biologically degraded sections within wood members. Such a technique has considerable potential applications for in-place assessment of degradation of wood members and quality assessment of lumber during manufacturing.
Distinct CD4 T-cell effects on primary versus recall CD8 T-cell responses during viral encephalomyelitis

CD4 T-cell help is not a universal requirement for effective primary CD8 T cells but is essential to generate memory CD8 T cells capable of recall responses. This study examined how CD4 T cells affect primary and secondary anti-viral CD8 T-cell responses within the central nervous system (CNS) during encephalomyelitis induced by sublethal gliatropic coronavirus. CD4 T-cell depletion before infection did not impair peripheral expansion, interferon-γ production, CNS recruitment or initial CNS effector capacity of virus-specific CD8 T cells ex vivo. Nevertheless, impaired virus control in the absence of CD4 T cells was associated with gradually diminished CNS CD8 T-cell interferon-γ production. Furthermore, within the CD8 T-cell population short-lived effector cells were increased and memory precursor effector cells were significantly decreased, consistent with higher T-cell turnover. Transfer of memory CD8 T cells to reduce viral load in CD4-depleted mice reverted the recipient CNS CD8 T-cell phenotype to that in wild-type control mice. However, memory CD8 T cells primed without CD4 T cells and transferred into infected CD4-sufficient recipients expanded less efficiently and were not sustained in the CNS, contrasting with their helped counterparts. These data suggest that CD4 T cells are dispensable for initial expansion, CNS recruitment and differentiation of primary resident memory CD8 T cells as long as the duration of antigen exposure is limited. By contrast, CD4 T cells are essential to prolong primary CD8 T-cell function in the CNS and imprint memory CD8 T cells for recall responses.
Validation of a flow cytometric acridine orange micronuclei methodology in rats

Our laboratory has previously reported a flow cytometric acridine orange method for detection of micronucleus (MN) in the rat using cyclophosphamide as a test compound. To replace the manual method of scoring and satisfy Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) requirements, an extensive validation of the flow method was required. Therefore, manual scoring and flow cytometric determination of MN were compared using vincristine, chlorambucil, methotrexate, and doxorubicin compounds known to induce MN formation with various mechanisms of action. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DH), a compound with negative or equivocal MN findings also was evaluated. The flow method consistently demonstrated dose- and time-dependent responses for MN production at all concentrations of vincristine, methotrexate, clorambucil, and doxorubicin. In contrast, manual scoring of slides failed to detect an increase in MN at the lowest doses of doxorubicin (1mg/kg) at 24 or 48 h, and methotrexate at 48 h, or any dose of methotrexate (50, 100, or 250 mg/kg) at 24h. Additionally, a dose-response for methotrexate at 48 h, and chlorambucil at 24 h were missed using manual scoring. For 1,2-DH, the flow method showed a low level (< 1.4-fold) increase in MN at all doses and times. In contrast, the manual method showed five-seven-fold increases at 24 h, but a < two-fold increase at 48 h in the highest dose only. These data may suggest that the flow method has a greater sensitivity and possibly accuracy than manual scoring. Significant decreases in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were seen using both methods at approximately the same dose for all compounds. However, absolute flow cytometric PCE values were consistently higher than manual. Additional cytotoxicity parameters obtained by the flow method allowed a more complete assessment of cytotoxicity than PCE alone. Furthermore, data reported here combined with improved throughput, shortened data turnaround and reporting times, and possibly better precision due to evaluation of much larger numbers of cells clearly demonstrate the usefulness of flow cytometry method in the routine micronucleus evaluation.
A decade of on-road emissions measurements.

A multiyear, on-road emission measurement program carried out in the cities of Chicago, Illinois; Denver, Colorado; Los Angeles (LA), California; and Phoenix, Arizona shows large, fuel-specific tailpipe emissions reductions at all of the sites for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitric oxide (NO). CO emissions decreased between 56% (Denver) and 71% (Chicago), HC emissions decrease between 27% (Phoenix) and 63% (Denver), and NO emissions have dropped between 48% (West LA) and 68% (Chicago). Three observed factors common to all of the sites are that the emission reductions are occurring in vehicles of all ages, that the influence of engine load on fuel-specific emissions, especially for CO and NO, is reduced and that fleet-averaged emission deterioration is near zero for model years newer than 2001 and older than 1990. These nationwide data sets imply that the majority of these on-road emissions reductions are the result of continued improvements in function and durability of vehicle emission c...
Anode Phenomena in High-Current Accelerators

Quasi-steady MPD accelerators current conduction and power loss mechanism investigation through local anode fall voltage and current density measurements at different arc current levels
Duration of rapamycin treatment has differential effects on metabolism in mice

The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling controls growth, metabolism, and aging. In the first robust demonstration of pharmacologically-induced life extension in mammals, longevity was extended in mice treated with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic TOR (mTOR). However, detrimental metabolic effects of rapamycin treatment were also reported, presenting a paradox of improved survival despite metabolic impairment. How rapamycin extended lifespan in mice with such paradoxical effects was unclear. Here we show that detrimental effects of rapamycin treatment were only observed during the early stages of treatment. These effects were reversed or diminished in mice treated for 20 weeks, with better metabolic profiles, increased oxygen consumption and ketogenesis, and markedly enhanced insulin sensitivity. Thus, prolonged rapamycin treatment lead to beneficial metabolic alterations, consistent with life extension previously observed. Our findings provide a likely explanation of the "rapamycin paradox" and support the potential causal importance of these metabolic alterations in longevity.
EFFECT OF PREPROCESS HOLDING ON THE QUALITY OF CANNED MAINE SARDINES

The effect of preprocess holding conditions (3 and 12% brine at 7.2 and 0.6°C) on the quality of canned sardines (Clupea harengus) was examined. The sardines appeared to have a relatively short shelf life and had to be canned within 36 hr when lightly salted (3% brine) and held at 7.2°C. At a lower temperature (0.6°C) and a higher salt concentration (12% brine) the sardines could be held up to 3 days. Low viable bacterial counts detected during storage experiments indicated spoilage not to be primarily due to bacterial activity. Sensory evaluation of the raw sardines could not be used with any accuracy to predict quality of the canned product, because raw sardines, which were still considered acceptable before canning, resulted in an unacceptable product. Of the objective quality tests performed on raw sardines (TMA, TBA, tyrosine and pH) only TMA-N content appeared to possess high accuracy (P < 0.001) in predicting quality of the canned products.
Urinary biomarkers of atrazine exposure among farm pesticide applicators.

Abstract PURPOSE: This study assessed the feasibility of three laboratory methods for the detection of atrazine, a triazine herbicide, and its related metabolites in urine collected from field applicators. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 256 randomly sampled field applicators 8 hours post application. Of these, 99 reported atrazine use during the application prior to sample collection and these samples were subsequently analyzed for urinary biomarkers. RESULTS: 37.4% (n = 37) samples showed detectable levels (minimum = 1.0 ng/mL) of deethylatrazine using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis (X = 14.2 ng/mL; s.d. = 13.5). Fifty samples were tested using atrazine mercapturate in urine ELISA methods and 80% (n = 40) of these samples showed detectable levels of atrazine (X = 6.4 ng/mL; s.d. = 7.5). Of 10 samples tested by triazines in water ELISA methods, a common assay used for the detection of atrazine in groundwater, 100% showed detectable levels of atrazine (X = 22.4 ng/mL; s.d. = 13.9). Of the 21 samples collected from non-applicators and tested by GCMS, none evidenced detectable atrazine levels. Using GCMS as the gold standard, analyses showed that the mercapturate in urine ELISA was 48% sensitive and 91% specific whereas the triazines in water ELISA was 69% sensitive and 100% specific. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to detect one-time atrazine exposures through analysis of urinary biomarkers among pesticide applicators. The feasibility of triazines in water ELISA methods for use in field studies for analyzing the presence of atrazine and related metabolites in urine was supported, but these methods need further testing on larger applicator samples before they can be used for standard screening.
Target detection using a neural network based passive sonar system

A neural-network (NN)-based system for the passive detection of targetlike signals in underwater acoustic fields is being developed. The input to the NN is an intensity modulated signal, which is a measure of the power of the received signal plus noise at different frequencies as time varies. Thus, a two-dimensional array (image) is to be examined to reach a decision. It is assumed that the target emits a sinusoidal signal at a fixed frequency f/sub 0/. If the target moves with a constant speed with respect to the receiver, the received signal frequency will be (1+ delta ) f/sub 0/, where delta is the Doppler shift. The received two-dimensional image is first thresholded to obtain a binary (0 or 1) image. The first stage of the proposed system consists of an autoassociative memory (ASM) whose function is to eliminate the noise and reconstruct the received signal. The output of the ASM is input to the second stage of the system, which consists of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier trained using the backpropagation algorithm. The MLP outputs a decision regarding the presence or absence of the targets. Results of an initial experimental study are reported. A promising classification accuracy of 97% for targets and 100% for no-targets has been obtained. >
Isochronous centers of a linear center perturbed by fourth degree homogeneous polynomial

In this work we study isochronous centers of two-dimensional autonomous system in the plane with linear part of center type and non-linear part given by homogeneous polynomials of fourth degree. We first found necessary conditions for such isochronous center in polar coordinates. Finally we give a proof of the isochronicity of these systems using different methods.
Electronic screening in one-component plasmas: Collective-mode structure.

The Golden-Kalman velocity-average approximation scheme for one-component plasmas is generalized to account for electronic screening effects. New formulas are established for the dispersion and damping of the ion-sound and ion-plasma modes at arbitrary coupling.
Integrin signaling: specificity and control of cell survival and cell cycle progression

Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix plays an important role in regulating cell survival and proliferation. There is now increasing evidence that integrins activate shared as well as subgroup-specific signaling pathways. The signals from these adhesion receptors are integrated with those originating from growth factor and cytokine receptors in order to organize the cytoskeleton, stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and regulate immediate early gene expression. The repertoire of integrins and composition of the extracellular matrix appear to dictate whether a cell will survive, proliferate or exit the cell cycle and differentiate in response to soluble factors.
Local control and toxicity in a large cohort of central lung tumors treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Purpose Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in central lung tumors has been associated with higher rates of severe toxicity. We sought to evaluate toxicity and local control in a large cohort and to identify predictive dosimetric parameters. Methods and Materials We identified patients who received SBRT for central tumors according to either of 2 definitions. Local failure (LF) was estimated using a competing risks model, and multivariate analysis (MVA) was used to assess factors associated with LF. We reviewed patient toxicity and applied Cox proportional hazard analysis and log-rank tests to assess whether dose-volume metrics of normal structures correlated with pulmonary toxicity. Results One hundred twenty-five patients received SBRT for non-small cell lung cancer (n=103) or metastatic lesions (n=22), using intensity modulated radiation therapy. The most common dose was 45 Gy in 5 fractions. Median follow-up was 17.4 months. Incidence of toxicity ≥ grade 3 was 8.0%, including 5.6% pulmonary toxicity. Sixteen patients (12.8%) experienced esophageal toxicity ≥ grade 2, including 50% of patients in whom PTV overlapped the esophagus. There were 2 treatment-related deaths. Among patients receiving biologically effective dose (BED) ≥80 Gy (n=108), 2-year LF was 21%. On MVA, gross tumor volume (GTV) was significantly associated with LF. None of the studied dose-volume metrics of the lungs, heart, proximal bronchial tree (PBT), or 2 cm expansion of the PBT ("no-fly-zone" [NFZ]) correlated with pulmonary toxicity ≥grade 2. There were no differences in pulmonary toxicity between central tumors located inside the NFZ and those outside the NFZ but with planning target volume (PTV) intersecting the mediastinum. Conclusions Using moderate doses, SBRT for central lung tumors achieves acceptable local control with low rates of severe toxicity. Dosimetric analysis showed no significant correlation between dose to the lungs, heart, or NFZ and severe pulmonary toxicity. Esophageal toxicity may be an underappreciated risk, particularly when PTV overlaps the esophagus.
Laminar, tangential and regional organization of the noradrenergic innervation of monkey cortex: Dopamine-β-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry

An antiserum directed against human dopamine-beta-hydroxylase purified from pheochromocytoma tissue was employed in an immunohistochemical study of the organization of the noradrenergic innervation of monkey neocortex. A detailed description is given of the laminar pattern of noradrenergic innervation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 10) and the primary somatosensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus (Brodmann areas 3,1,2). The noradrenergic innervation of these two regions is similar in the following respects: (1) fibers are present in all six layers, (2) the innervation is dense and terminal-like in layers IV and V, and (3) layer VI is characterized by fibers oriented parallel to the pial surface which follow the contours of the subcortical white matter. However, these regions differ with respect to specific laminar patterns of fiber distribution and orientation and by virtue of the fact that the primary somatosensory cortex has a very dense noradrenergic innervation, while the density of innervation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is low relative to the postcentral gyrus and most other neocortical areas. The laminar pattern of noradrenergic innervation in primary visual cortex differs fundamentally from both prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortices. In a separate series of experiments, dorsolateral frontal cortex lesions were used to investigate the intracortical trajectory of noradrenergic fibers. A discrete aspiration lesion confined to the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex led to a substantial loss of noradrenergic fibers in cortical regions caudal to the lesion. The decrease in density of noradrenergic innervation was particularly pronounced in the pre- and postcentral gyri. These results demonstrate that while the noradrenergic innervation of primate cortex exhibits a far greater degree of regional variation than is present in the rat cortex, the tangential intracortical trajectory that is characteristic of the lissencephalic rat brain is also a dominant feature of the noradrenergic innervation of the gyrencephalic primate brain.
Aloe vera and the inflamed synovial pouch model

Administration of air under the skin produced a pouch wall that closely resembled a synovium in that the inner lining was made up of macrophages and fibroblasts. Administration of 1% carrageenan directly into the 7-day-old air pouch produced an inflammation characterized by an increased number of mast cells in pouch fluid as well as an increase in wall vascularity. A punch biopsy weight of the pouch wall did not reveal an increase in 1% carrageenan-treated animals. However, a 10% Aloe vera treatment of carrageenan-inflamed synovial pouches reduced the vascularity 50% and the number of mast cells in synovial fluid 48%. The pouch wall punch biopsy weight was increased by A. vera, which was verified by histologic examination of the inner synovial lining. Aloe vera stimulated the synovial-like membrane, as evidenced by an increased number of fibroblasts, suggesting that A. vera stimulated fibroblasts for growth and repair of the synovial model. The synovial air pouch can be used to study simultaneously the ac...
Quasiparticle localization transition in dirty superconductors

In this paper, a delocalization-localization transition within a superconducting state is explored. The symmetries of the Bogoliubov deGennes Hamiltonian endow the two associated superconducting phases\char22{}the thermal metal and the thermal insulator\char22{}and the critical point between them, with properties that are in stark contrast with analogous phases in normal systems. Here, for systems preserving spin-rotational invariance and time-reversal symmetry in three dimensions, the transition is shown to be of a different universality class from its normal partner by extracting and comparing the localization length exponent. The density of states, which may be regarded as the ``order parameter'' for the field theory describing the superconducting system, is studied for its unusual properties about criticality.
Breast cancer screening behaviors among African American women with a strong family history of breast cancer.

Abstract Background . Despite the importance of breast cancer screening to reduce morbidity and mortality, limited information is available on screening practices among African American women with a family history that is suggestive of hereditary breast cancer. Objectives . To describe adherence to breast cancer screening recommendations among African American women with a family history that is suggestive of hereditary disease. Methods . Participants were unaffected African American women ( n = 65) who had a family history of cancer that was suggestive of hereditary breast cancer. Breast cancer screening practices were evaluated by self-report. The study was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, PA. Women were recruited to participate in the study from February 2003–December 2005. Results . Most women were adherent to recommendations for mammography (75%) and CBE (93%). A sizeable minority of women (41%) also performed excessive BSE. Being older than age 50 was associated significantly with mammography adherence (FET p Conclusions . The results of this study suggest a complex pattern of breast cancer screening practices among African American women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer.
The RNP bridge between two worlds.

Considers that ribonucleoproteins might bridge the RNA and protein worlds. Considers that ribonucleoproteins might bridge the RNA and protein worlds.
Boron-enriched star-shaped molecule via cycloaddition reaction.

The facile synthesis of a thermally stable carborane appended symmetrical star-shaped molecule having six bulky o-carborane clusters on the periphery, thereby containing sixty boron atoms was accomplished via a cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.
Designing Bandpass Iir Filters for Use in Biomedical Applications

Abstract When the passband of a bandpass filter is small with respect to the sample rate the filter may become unstable due to the proximity of the poles to the unit circle. Cascading a lowpass filter and a highpass filter can produce a stable bandpass filter under most circumstances. However, this technique produces poor results when the center frequency of the passband is 2 or 3 Hertz. Such cases occur, for example, when electrocardiogram signals are filtered to extract respiration rates. We present a technique that produces stable bandpass filters for such cases by cascading two filters, designed with different sampling rates. Experimental results show that the resultant filter is less susceptible to finite word effects because of a better placement of the poles.
Longitudinal analyses of daily excretory rhythms in men with tetraplegia due to cervical spinal cord transection

Longitudinal analyses of daily excretory rhythms in men with tetraplegia due to cervical spinal cord transection
Particle Acceleration at the Termination Shock of Striped Pulsar Winds

The relativistic wind of pulsars consists of toroidal stripes of opposite magnetic field polarity, separated by current sheets of hot plasma. By means of multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate particle acceleration and magnetic field dissipation at the termination shock of a relativistic striped pulsar wind. At the shock, the flow compresses and the alternating fields annihilate by driven magnetic reconnection. Irrespective of the stripe wavelength λ or the wind magnetization σ (in the regime σ ≫1 of magnetically dominated flows), shock-driven reconnection transfers all the magnetic energy of alternating fields to the particles. In the limit λ/(rL σ) ≫ 1, where rL is the relativistic Larmor radius in the wind, the post-shock spectrum approaches a flat power-law tail with slope around -1.5, populated by particles accelerated by the reconnection electric field. Our findings place important constraints on the models of non-thermal radiation from Pulsar Wind Nebulae.
Scopoletin, Scopolin and Chlorogenic Acid in Tumours of Interspecific Nicotiana Hybrids

PHENOL and certain substituted phenolic compounds were reported recently to be co-carcinogenic in animal tissue1. The investigation of phenolic compounds in tumorous plant tissue of Nicotiana hybrids is of great academic interest in that much is known of the genetic background2,3, cytology4, chemical composition5 and the effects of radiation6 and of certain anti-tumour chemicals7 on the tumorous plant. Some of these compounds are known to take part in alkaloid metabolism8.
Information technology impacts on innovation

In this paper, we propose a model of Information Technology (IT) impacts on innovation. We do not intend to generalize a specific model of innovation. Rather, the objective here is to explain how IT can facilitate innovation in a work group. Review of literature suggests that innovative ability of a work group is dependent on the capabilities of the individuals/group, the structure of the work group or organization, and the group/organizational environments. To explore this conceptual model, data were collected from 136 users who used well-established information systems. The data supported that IT enhanced innovation significantly by augmenting individual/group capabilities through: 1) motivation support, 2) resource support, and 3) information support. Motivation support was shown to be the most important contributor of innovation. Group interaction variables, standardization, decentralization, and specialization, were shown to be positively related to innovation. However, the effect of group interaction was secondary in nature; the independent contributions to innovation of group interaction variables, controlling for other factors, were not significant. In addition, the data provided support that innovation was positively related to demand pull via motivation and resource support, and to technology push via information support.
CONSISTENCY IN DESIGN FOR LOW-VOLUME RURAL ROADS

The 2,000,000 miles of low-volume rural roads in the United States are different than the high-volume roads and should be designed differently. Traffic volumes on them are low, averaging about 110 vehicles/day or about one vehicle entering a given mile from both ends every three minutes during peak hours. This contrasts with one vehicle every four seconds at capacity. Geometrics on many of these roads have not changed since they were built in the 1920s and 1930s. Today, road improvements should be based on designs that are consistent and safe, but economical, because needs are great and funds are scarce. Present-day design practices for high volume roads require that each of their features meet a stipulated design speed set by modern surfaces and vehicles. This practice does not fit the low-volume situation since, whenever possible, drivers will exceed any affordable design speed. They must be slowed down when situations warrant it. A consistent approach to design which realizes cheap but safe improvements to low-volume roads is proposed. It involves integrating geometric design and positive guidance approaches. Positive guidance employs striping, signing, and other devices and strategies to mobilize drivers’ senses so that they will drive sensibly. Selecting the less costly between geometry and positive guidance techniques will produce safer roads more cheaply.
Nonconvex Compressed Sensing and Error Correction

The theory of compressed sensing has shown that sparse signals can be reconstructed exactly from remarkably few measurements. In this paper we consider a nonconvex extension, where the lscr11 norm of the basis pursuit algorithm is replaced with the lscrp norm, for p < 1. In the context of sparse error correction, we perform numerical experiments that show that for a fixed number of measurements, errors of larger support can be corrected in the nonconvex case. We also provide a theoretical justification for why this should be so.
A Rapid Response Air Quality Analysis System for Use in Projects Having Stringent Quality Assurance Requirements

This paper describes an approach to solve air quality problems which frequently occur during iterations of the baseline change process. From a schedule standpoint, it is desirable to perform this evaluation in as short a time as possible while budgetary pressures limit the size of the staff available to do the work. Without a method in place to deal with baseline change proposal requests the environment analysts may not be able to produce the analysis results in the time frame expected. Using a concept called the Rapid Response Air Quality Analysis System (RAAS), the problems of timing and cost become tractable. The system could be adapted to assess other atmospheric pathway impacts, e.g., acoustics or visibility. The air quality analysis system used to perform the EA analysis (EA) for the Salt Repository Project (part of the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program), and later to evaluate the consequences of proposed baseline changes, consists of three components: Emission source data files; Emission rates contained in spreadsheets; Impact assessment model codes. The spreadsheets contain user-written codes (macros) that calculate emission rates from (1) emission source data (e.g., numbers and locations of sources, detailed operating schedules, and source specifications including horsepower, load factor, andmore » duty cycle); (2) emission factors such as those published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and (3) control efficiencies.« less
The positions of secular resonance surfaces

The surfaces for the three strongest secular resonances have been located as a function of proper semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination for semimajor axes between 1.25 and 3.5 AU. The results are presented graphically. The nu5 resonance only occurs at high inclinations (approximately greater than 23 deg). The nu6 resonance passes through both the main belt and Mars-crossing space. The nu16 resonance starts near the inner edge of the belt and, at low inclinations at least, folds around a portion of the Mars-crossing space until it runs nearly parallel with the earth-crossing boundary.
Is the WAIS-R an acceptable test for the elderly? opinions of examinees 75 years and older

Two hundred twenty-four healthy volunteers, 75 years of age and older (M = 80.67 years; SD = 4.99), completed the WAIS-R and a post WAIS-R questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered information about the subjects' perceptions of the Wechsler Scale across five categories. The vast majority of subjects (over 92%) experienced the WAIS-R as interesting, challenging, motivating, and within their endurance. Only two subtests were rated negatively; Picture Arrangement and Block Design were experienced as tricky by 17% and 22% of the subjects, respectively. There were no significant differences on IQ and subtest scores between subjects who perceived the WAIS-R in a negative manner and those who viewed it positively.
Hilbert's Tenth Problem for fields of rational functions over finite fields.

We prove that there is no algorithm to solve arbitrary polynomial equations over a field of rational functions in one letter with constants in a finite field of characteristic other than 2 and hence, Hilbert's Tenth Problem for any such field is undecidable.
Evolution of a round pneumonia.

A previously healthy 14-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of 2 days of subacute onset, right-anterior pleuritic chest pain. He reported an associated dry cough, but denied fever, sputum, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, orthopnea, leg swelling, weight loss or night sweats. The patient had no known sick contacts, and had no identifiable cardiac or thromboembolic risk factors. We obtained a 2-view chest radiograph, which revealed an indeterminate 1.3 cm focal density in the right upper lobe (Figure 1). The patient was discharged on oral analgesics with a plan for follow-up imaging. Figure 1. Anterior-Posterior chest radiograph on index visit showing a 1.3 cm right upper lobe density (arrows). Six days after symptom onset the patient returned to the ED with worsening pain despite oral analgesics, a low-grade fever and a worsening dry cough. On physical examination the patient was well appearing and in no apparent distress. His temperature was 99.8 °F; his blood pressure was 105/72; his heart rate was 95 beats/minute; and his oxygen saturation on room air was 99%. A previously planted PPD was read as negative. We obtained a repeat chest radiograph, which revealed a wedge-shaped consolidation in the inferior segment of the right upper lobe (Figure 2). The patient was treated with an oral cephalosporin as an outpatient with complete resolution of his symptoms. Figure 2. Anterior-Posterior chest radiograph on day 6 showing consolidation of the inferior segment of the right upper lobe (arrows). Round pneumonia is primarily seen in children and adolescents. In one study, 75% of patients were under 8 years of age, and 90% under 12.1 It is postulated that round pneumonias occurs more often in children as they have poorly developed pathways of collateral ventilation, more closely apposed lung connective tissue septa and smaller alveoli, when compared to adults. These factors combine to form more compact areas of infiltrate, which can appear as round lesions on chest radiography.2 Round pneumonias are most often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and resolution after treatment, rather than progression to lobar pneumonia, is the rule.1,3 In addition to infection, the differential diagnosis of a round lesion on a pediatric chest radiograph includes primary lung neoplasm, congenital bronchogenic consolidation, and Wilms tumor.2 The majority of round lesions in children, however, are nonneoplastic, and advanced imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is not typically indicated unless symptoms suggest an alternative diagnosis.4
Red Cell and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations in Renal Failure

Red cell and plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in nine healthy subjects, nine patients with advanced chronic renal failure, and before and after dialysis in eight patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Blood was obtained after an overnight fast except for postdialysis specimens. In red cells from the chronically uremic patients and in predialysis specimens, there was increased histidine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, citrulline, taurine, and N tau-methylhistidine, and an increased glycine to serine ratio. Red cell valine, tyrosine, and the ratios of tyrosine to phenylalanine and valine to glycine were decreased in the two groups. Many amino acid levels that were abnormal in red cells were also abnormal in plasma. However, several amino acids were altered in only one of these compartments. Some red cell or plasma amino acid concentrations were abnormal in the uremic or hemodialysis patients but not in both. During hemodialysis, red cell amino acids did not decrease as markedly as did the plasma concentrations. These findings indicate that in chronically uremic and hemodialysis patients there is an abnormal amino acid pattern in both red cells and plasma. Although the altered amino acid patterns in these two compartments have similarities, they are not identical.
Moving beyond perceptions: Internalized stigma in the irritable bowel syndrome

Background Internalized stigma (IS) is an important construct in the chronic illness literature with implications for several patient reported outcomes. To date, no study exists evaluating IS in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods Two hundred and forty three online and clinical participants completed the following questionnaires: the IS scale for mental illness (ISMI; modified for IBS), perceived stigma scale for IBS, NIH-PROMIS Anxiety and Depression Scales, IBS quality of life scale, and the Perceived Health Competence Scale. Demographical and clinical data were also collected. Key Results The modified ISMI was reliable and valid in this population. Participants reported both perceived and IS. Alienation was most reported, followed by social withdrawal and discrimination experiences. IS predicted 25–40% of the variance in psychological functioning, quality of life, healthcare utilization, and health competence when controlling for stigma perception and disease variables. IBS patients perceived more stigma from personal relations than healthcare providers. Hispanic participants reported more perceived stigma, indicating there may be cultural differences in IBS-related stigma experience. Symptom severity, disruptiveness, and treatment choices are also implicated in stigma perception and internalization. Conclusions & Inferences Patients with IBS report both perceived and IS with alienation most reported. However, IS significantly predicts several patient outcomes when controlling for PS. Cultural and illness traits may influence how stigma is perceived and internalized. Future research is warranted.
MAM and MOM bag operators for aggregation

Abstract Classes of bag operators that generalize the multivalued logic “and” and “or” operators are introduced. These new operators are called MAM (monotonic antimonotonic) and MOM (monotonic on monotonic) operators, respectively. We investigate the properties of these operators and show their relationship to triangular norms. In the framework of these bag operators we introduce a third operator which generalizes the averaging operator. Although all three operators are commutative and monotonic, they differ with respect the effect of the addition of an element to a bag. The concept of value functionality is introduced to include associativity.
Pitting and alkaline dissolution of an amorphous–nanocrystalline alloy with solute-lean nanocrystals

Abstract The corrosion resistance of partially devitrified metallic glasses is a critical concern for the viability of the glasses in many technological applications. Although partial devitrification is detrimental to the corrosion resistance of some metallic glasses, both the pitting and alkaline corrosion behavior of partially nanocrystalline Al90Fe5Gd5 is similar to that of its amorphous precursor. This is in spite of the fact that the microstructure of the amorphous–nanocrystalline alloy is effectively a composite consisting of f.c.c. Al crystals embedded in an amorphous matrix. Here the pitting corrosion and alkaline dissolution of the amorphous–nanocrystalline alloy is compared to that of its fully amorphous precursor, pure polycrystalline Al, and to a micrometer scale composite consisting of electrically connected pure Al wires and amorphous ribbons.
High Frame Rate Analysis Of Bat Population Levels And Bat Locomotion

Rapid frame rate motion picture data is being used in two diverse areas of biological investigation. A study of the bat population decline at Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico, requires frequent estimates of the size of the bat population. Motion pictures are taken at intervals during an exit flight and are used to estimate the number of bats leaving the cavern on a given evening. Rapid frame rate motion pictures are also used to analyze the locomotion mechanisms in different species of bats. Electrodes implanted in muscles permit simultaneous recording on motion picture film the movements of a bat and the concurrent electrical activity of a contributory muscle. To permit visualization of skeletal movements during flight, steel wires are firmly implanted in bones and pectoral girdle and exteriorized. Reflective paint applied to the tips of the wires increase their visibility in rapid frame rate motion pictures taken of the bat in flight.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Graphene-based environmental barriers.

Many environmental technologies rely on containment by engineered barriers that inhibit the release or transport of toxicants. Graphene is a new, atomically thin, two-dimensional sheet material, whose aspect ratio, chemical resistance, flexibility, and impermeability make it a promising candidate for inclusion in a next generation of engineered barriers. Here we show that ultrathin graphene oxide (GO) films can serve as effective barriers for both liquid and vapor permeants. First, GO deposition on porous substrates is shown to block convective flow at much lower mass loadings than other carbon nanomaterials, and can achieve hydraulic conductivities of 5 × 10–12 cm/s or lower. Second we show that ultrathin GO films of only 20-nm thickness coated on polyethylene films reduce their vapor permeability by 90% using elemental mercury as a model vapor toxicant. The barrier performance of GO in this thin-film configuration is much better than the Nielsen model limit, which describes ideal behavior of flake-like ...
Use of pesticides to determine relative importance of pest and disease factors limiting establishment of sod-seeded lucerne.

The most likely reasons for seeding failures of sod-seeded lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) were determined from eight field experiments, where the effects of a range of pesticides on the establishment of and damage to lucerne were compared. The experiments were conducted during 1979–80 at four sites near Ithaca, N.Y., USA. Pesticides evaluated were: methyl bromide (MeBr), carbofuran, acylalanine (1979, 1980); fonofos, diazinon, methiocarb, metaldehyde and combinations of carbofuran with methiocarb or metaldehyde (1980). Seeded areas were pretreated with glyphosate for vegetation control. In 1979 seedling losses were decreased by carbofuran and methyl bromide whereas in 1980 seedling losses were decreased by methyl bromide at two sites and by methiocarb at all sites. Methiocarb was the only pesticide to reduce defoliation damage. The effect of combining methiocarb and metaldehyde each with carbofuran tended to be additive in terms of reducing seedling numbers and damage, and increasing yield. Treatment effects on lucerne yield were still apparent up to 12 months after seeding. Based on the consistent results of methiocarb, it was concluded that molluscs were probably the main factor limiting the establishment of sod-seeded lucerne but an arthropod component also appeared to be involved.
Measurement of the anisotropic strength and toughness of pitch-55 carbon ribbons

Composites with long reinforcing fibres can be effectively toughened by controlled crack deflection at interfaces of such reinforcements. An important element in achieving this end is the measurement of the strength and toughness of the reinforcing fibres. Here we present results of such experiments. Since measurements of these properties are difficult in fibres of micron dimensions, specially prepared Pitch-55 ribbons of 600 μm width and 35 μm thickness were obtained for doing the tests. As with carbon fibres, these ribbons show strong anisotropy in their elastic and inelastic properties. Hence, the work of fracture along and across the graphitic planes were determined. The average longitudinal tensile strength of these ribbons was found to be 0.6 GPa. Due to inhomogeneities and a possible associated size effect this value is considerably lower for ribbons than that for fibres. The average specific work of fracture of the ribbons across the graphitic planes was determined to be 3.5 J m−2. Unusually high values of works of fracture of 166 J m−2 were obtained for cracks propagatin along the longitudinal graphitic lamellae. These high values were attributed to a profuse kinking type of plasticity on the graphitic lamellae lying parallel to the crack plane. An asymptotic elastic-plastic analysis for single crystals due to Rice [12], was used to estimate the level of inelastic energy dissipation. These estimates were close to the experimentally observed values. The calculation of the dissipated inelastic energy requires knowledge of the interlaminar shear strength across the graphitic lamellae. A torsion experiment was designed to measure the interlaminar shear strength across the weak graphitic planes, giving a value of 83 MPa. An in-plane longitudinal shear modulus of 65 GPa was obtained from the linear portion of the quasi-static torque twist curve of the ribbon. Another measure of this modulus was determined independently from torsional vibration tests, giving an average value of 51 GPa.