cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implications for crustal accretion at fast spreading ridges from observations in Jurassic oceanic crust in the western Pacific

[1] Downhole logging data and basement stratigraphy interpretations are used to determine the spreading environment and crustal accretion history of the ocean basement cored at ODP Hole 801C located in the Jurassic Magnetic Quiet Zone of the western Pacific. High-resolution microresistivity data obtained with the Formation MicroScanner are used to measure the dip of the extrusive layers and indicate a 10°–30° increase in dip down the drill hole with lava flow contacts dipping back toward the original ridge axis. This structural pattern and the high proportion of massive flows relative to pillow units are consistent with prevailing crustal accretion models proposed for faster spreading ridges (e.g., >60 km/m.y., full-rate). A detailed analysis of the age data, basement lithology, related geochemistry, and structural attitudes suggest the shallowest 100 m of the drilled section (e.g., Sequences I–III) were emplaced just off the ridge (Sequence III) or significantly farther off-axis up to 5–15 m.y. later (Sequences I and II). The remainder of the drilled section (e.g., Sequences IV–VIII) has geochemical, lithological and physical trends that are assumed to be representative of crust created at faster spreading ridges. The pattern of dipping lava flow contacts from this deeper section of the drill hole suggests lava flows emanating from the ridge axis are limited to 1–2 km off-axis. Our results suggest ocean crust drilled at Hole 801C was created at faster spreading rates; however, caution should be used when incorporating Sequences I–III into geochemical reference sections for faster spreading ridges.
Clinical Supervision in School Psychology

Abstract Clinical supervisors face unique challenges in school psychology. It is estimated that approximately one-third of school psychologists will testify in court on issues challenging school psychological assessments. With courts finding against schools and practitioners omitting such aspects as DSM diagnoses, the complexity of practice grows. Still, the issues are not confined solely to assessment and diagnosis. From assessment to counseling and from consultation to interrogations involving school shootings, school psychologists are facing issues of growing complexity. Still, despite acknowledgement that clinical supervision is a highly valued tool for remaining up-to-date, few school psychologists actually receive clinical supervision. This article provides a fundamental look at the literature, to challenge and examine definitions of clinical supervision, and provides a contemporary foundation, through an ex-Tony D. Crespi and Jennifer M. B. Dube are affiliated with the University of Hartford. amina...
Cytoplasmic domain truncation enhances fusion activity by the exterior glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in selected cell types.

Abstract To investigate the glycoprotein determinants of viral cytopathology, we constructed chimeric env genes between a noncytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), designated HIV-2/ST, and a highly fusogenic and cytopathic variant derived from this virus. Expression of the resulting chimeric glycoproteins indicated that efficient syncytium formation in the human T-cell line Sup T1 mapped to the C-terminal region of the transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein subunit. In this region, the wild-type and cytopathic ST glycoproteins differed by only four amino acids and by the presence of a premature termination codon in the cytopathic variant. Subsequent site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the cytoplasmic domain truncation was responsible for the enhanced fusion activity. This modification, however, increased the fusion activity of the glycoprotein only in Sup T1 cells (in which the ST variant arose) but not in Molt 4 clone 8 or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These observations indicate that the length of the cytoplasmic domain of the HIV-2 glycoprotein modulates the fusion activity of the exterior glycoprotein complex in a cell-specific manner. Such adaptability appears to permit the emergence of fusogenic variants during HIV-2 passage in vitro and may also regulate viral growth or cytopathic effects in selected cell types during natural infection in vivo.
A novel interface for higher-dimensional classification of volume data

In the traditional volume visualization paradigm, the user specifies a transfer function that assigns each scalar value to a color and opacity by defining an opacity and a color map function. The transfer function has two limitations. First, the user must define curves based on histogram and value rather than seeing and working with the volume itself. Second, the transfer function is inflexible in classifying regions of interest, where values at a voxel such as intensity and gradient are used to differentiate material, not talking into account additional properties such as texture and position. We describe an intuitive user interface for specifying the classification functions that consists of the users painting directly on sample slices of the volume. These painted regions are used to automatically define high-dimensional classification functions that can be implemented in hardware for interactive rendering. The classification of the volume is iteratively improved as the user paints samples, allowing intuitive and efficient viewing of materials of interest.
Visual estimates of nucleus-to-nucleus ratios: can we trust our eyes to use the Bethesda ASCUS and LSIL size criteria?

BACKGROUND Apart from several subjective criteria, ASCUS and LSIL are defined by nuclear enlargement of 2.5× to 3× and ≥3× the area of a normal intermediate squamous cell nucleus, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of observers with various degrees of experience to estimate nuclear area ratios. METHODS. Forty-five participants (5 anatomic pathologists, 5 cytopathologists, 2 cytopathology fellows, 16 pathology residents, 8 cytotechnologists, 6 medical students, and 3 cytopreparatory staff members) judged the area ratios of pairs of squamous cell nuclei imaged at ×100 objective magnification. For Test 1 (T1), participants chose between 5 preset area ratios (1.0× to 1.4×, 1.5× to 1.9×, 2.0× to 2.4×, 2.5× to 2.9×, 3.0× to 3.4×) for 15 pairs of cells with ratios falling in the middle of these intervals. One week after T1, an instructional tutorial was given and T1 was repeated in different order of cell pairs as Test 2 (T2). RESULTS. The kappa values for all participants were 0.30 for T1 and 0.39 for T2. Accurate responses were given in 50.5% in T1 and 53.5% in T2. Both T1 and T2 responses failed to differentiate between area ratios corresponding to ASCUS and LSIL. There were no differences in accuracy according to sex, experience, or expertise in cytopathology. CONCLUSIONS. The overall accuracy of participants in estimating nuclear area ratios was low, especially for ratios in the range of ASCUS versus LSIL, with only minimal improvement after an instructional tutorial. Nuclear area ratio estimation may, therefore, contribute to the well-known substantial variability in ASCUS rates and ASC/squamous intraepithelial lesion ratios. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Coral reefs: corals' adaptive response to climate change

The long-term response of coral reefs to climate change depends on the ability of reef-building coral symbioses to adapt or acclimatize to warmer temperatures, but there has been no direct evidence that such a response can occur. Here we show that corals containing unusual algal symbionts that are thermally tolerant and commonly associated with high-temperature environments are much more abundant on reefs that have been severely affected by recent climate change. This adaptive shift in symbiont communities indicates that these devastated reefs could be more resistant to future thermal stress, resulting in significantly longer extinction times for surviving corals than had been previously assumed.
High rate low solids methane fermentation of sorghum, corn and cellulose

Sorghum, sorghum/alpha-cellulose mixture, and corn were anaerobically digested at 55°C at effluent solids contents of 8–12% total solids (TS), using trace nutrient supplementation. Volatile solids (VS) loading rates at much higher levels than conventional maxima were maintained without volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. Semi-continuously fed digesters with organic loading rates (OLR) up to 12 gVS kg−1 d−1 produced methane at rates up to 3.3 L kg−1d−1. Continuous feeding of corn at an OLR of 18 gVS kg−1 d−1 resulted in a methane production rate of 5.4 L kg−1d−1. VS removal efficiencies at maximum OLRs were 60% (sorghum) and 67% (corn). At an OLR of 4 gVS kg−1 d−1 sorghum alone as a feedstock led to excess ammonia-N accumulation. Excess ammonia did not accumulate at sorghum loading rates of 8 and 12 gVS kg−1 d−1 nor with a sorghum/alpha-cellulose mix loaded at 8 gVS kg−1 d−1. Instantaneous gas production rates were directly related to feedstock cell soluble content, with peak instantaneous biogas production rates from corn (OLR of 8 gVS kg−1 d−1 approaching 25 L kg−1 d−1 following a three-day feeding.
Adaptive management and adaptive governance in the everglades ecosystem

The Everglades is an intensively managed ecosystem where control of the water has allowed agricultural, urban and economic development, while struggling to meet biodiversity conservation goals. The over 100 year history of control began in response to a disastrous series of floods and droughts followed by environmental crises at an ecosystem scale. Each of these events precipitated technological fixes that extended control of water resources. Institutional structures have been continually reorganized over the last century to meet shifting social objectives, the latest of which is ecosystem restoration. However, the basic response, which employs engineering and technological solutions, is a type of social trap, where governmental mandates, planning-based paradigms and vested interests all interact to inhibit the resolution of chronic environmental issues. Experience from other resource systems indicates that in such an inherently complex system wrought with multiple uncertainties, restoration must be discovered through experimentation and learning embraced by adaptive management. Though minimal steps towards adaptive management have been made, we argue that adaptive forms of experimentation and governance are needed to resolve chronic resource issues and achieve restoration goals.
Nonlinearly additive forces in multivalent ligand binding to a single protein revealed with force spectroscopy.

We present evidence of multivalent interactions between a single protein molecule and multiple carbohydrates at a pH where the protein can bind four ligands. The evidence is based not only on measurements of the force required to rupture the bonds formed between concanavalinA (ConA) and α-d-mannose but also on an analysis of the polymer-extension force curves to infer the polymer architecture that binds the protein to the cantilever and the ligands to the substrate. We find that although the rupture forces for multiple carbohydrate connections to a single protein are larger than the rupture force for a single connection, they do not scale additively with increasing number. Specifically, the most common rupture forces are approximately 46, 68, and 85 pN at a loading rate of 650 ± 25 pN/s, which we argue corresponds to 1, 2, and 3 ligands being pulled simultaneously from a single protein as corroborated by an analysis of the linkage architecture. As in our previous work polymer tethers allow us to discrimin...
Nutrition communication in the 21st century: what are the challenges and how can we meet them?

1. Williams CD. Nutritional disease of childhood associated with maize diet. Arch Dis Child 1993;8:423 2. Bengoa JM. Simposio de la Fundacion Cavendes. Valencia, Venezuela: 1985 3. Watterlow JC. Malnutricion proteicoenergetica. Washington, DC: Pub. Cient. de la OPS. Ne. 555. 1966 4. Octavo Comite de Expertos OMS/FAO. Technical report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1971 5. Scrinshaw N. Las consecuencias globales y regionales del hambre oculta. V Simposio de Nutricion de la Fundacion Cavendes. Caracas 1995:93 6. Bengoa JM. Significance of malnutrition and its prevention. In: Berg A, et al., eds. Nutritional national development and planning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1973 7. Ramos Galvan R. Consecuencias de la desnutricion cronicas en grupos humanos. Gac Med Mex 1976;3 8. Bengoa JM. The surviving child. Biotechnol Bioeng Symp 1969 9. Cravioto J, et al. Nutrition, growth and neurointegrative development. Pediatrics 1966;38:319 10. Vinifgra A, et al. Crecimiento fisico en un grupo de adoloescentes del sexo femenino. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1964;21:105 11. Jelliffe DB. The assessment of nutritional status of the community. World Health Organ Monogr Ser 1996;53 12. McKeown RC, Record J. Reasons for the decline of mortality in England and Wales during the century. Popul Stud 1962;16:94 13. Pinstrup, Andersen P, Pelletier D, Alderman H. Beyond child survival: an overview of the issues. Child growth and nutrition in developing countries: priorities for action. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995 14. Onis M, Blosner M. WHO global data base and child growth and malnutrition. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997 15. FAO. El estado mundial de la agricultura y la alimentacion. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1998
Differentiation between a growth-promoting factor and a tumour-susceptibility factor in eggs.

SZEPSENWOL1 reported that feeding a diet composed mainly of cooked eggs to mice resulted in a significant increase in the number of animals spontaneously developing tumours. Denton2 found that feeding egg yolk increased the growth of chicks. Recently Hradec3 presented evidence, based on fractionation studies, which indicated the identity of the tumour susceptibility-enhancing and the growth-promoting factors. The study presented in this report was undertaken to determine by feeding experiment whether or not these factors were identical.
Feynman rules in N = 2 projective superspace (II).Massive hypermultiplets

Manifest N = 2 supersymmetric hypermultiplet mass terms can be introduced in the projective N = 2 superspace formalism. In the case of complex hypermultiplets, where the gauge covariantized spinor derivatives have an explicit representation in terms of gauge prepotentials, it is possible to interpret such masses as vacuum expectation values of an Abelian vector multiplet. The duality transformation that relates the N = 2 off-shell projective description of the hyper-multiplet to the on-shell description involving two N = 1 chiral superfields allows us to obtain the massive propagators of the N = 1 complex linear fields in the projective hypermultiplet. The N = 1 massive propagators of the component superfields in the projective hypermultiplet suggest a possible ansatz for the N = 2 massive propagator, which agrees with an explicit calculation in N = 2 superspace.
DNA Double-stranded Breaks Induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation on Serine 139

When mammalian cell cultures or mice are exposed to ionizing radiation in survivable or lethal amounts, novel mass components are found in the histone H2A region of two-dimensional gels. Collectively referred to as γ, these components are formed in vivo by several procedures that introduce double-stranded breaks into DNA. γ-Components, which appeared to be the only major novel components detected by mass or 32PO4incorporation on acetic acid-urea-Triton X-100-acetic acid-urea-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or SDS-acetic acid-urea-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide gels after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation, are shown to be histone H2AX species that have been phosphorylated specifically at serine 139. γ-H2AX appears rapidly after exposure of cell cultures to ionizing radiation; half-maximal amounts are reached by 1 min and maximal amounts by 10 min. At the maximum, approximately 1% of the H2AX becomes γ-phosphorylated per gray of ionizing radiation, a finding that indicates that 35 DNA double-stranded breaks, the number introduced by each gray into the 6 × 109 base pairs of a mammalian G1 genome, leads to the γ-phosphorylation of H2AX distributed over 1% of the chromatin. Thus, about 0.03% of the chromatin appears to be involved per DNA double-stranded break. This value, which corresponds to about 2 × 106 base pairs of DNA per double-stranded break, indicates that large amounts of chromatin are involved with each DNA double-stranded break. Thus, γ-H2AX formation is a rapid and sensitive cellular response to the presence of DNA double-stranded breaks, a response that may provide insight into higher order chromatin structures.
Energy distributions of secondary electrons. III. Projectile energy dependence for ionization of He, Ne, and Ar by protons

A theoretical analysis of secondary electron spectra, which has previously been applied to electron-impact ionization of atoms and molecules, is applied to the experimental data on ionization of He, Ne, and Ar by protons in the 0.1-1.5-MeV energy range. The data are also compared with ab initio Born-approximation calculations. Our theoretical analysis clearly brings out expected features in the secondary-electron spectra for incident proton energies of 1 MeV and up. Inner-shell contributions and the charge transfer to the continuum process tend to obscure the appearance of a simple asymptotic behavior at lower proton energies; for a given incident energy, the analysis is simpler for atoms and molecules with lower nuclear charge.
Structure and magnetic properties of Ru/Fe(001) multilayers

The structure and magnetic properties of Fe/Ru(001) multilayers are studied using x-ray diffraction, magneto-optical Kerr-effect magnetometry, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The Fe layer thickness is maintained constant at 7.5 \AA{}, while the nominal Ru layer thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{Ru}}$ is variable. For ${t}_{\mathrm{Ru}}l3.5$ \AA{}, the multilayer has a body-centered-tetragonal structure with a perpendicular lattice constant that varies linearly with Ru thickness. In this region, the Fe has a bulklike magnetic moment. The Ru has a monotonically decreasing moment with increasing thickness. The Ru moments are of order $0.5{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in this region. Beyond ${t}_{\mathrm{Ru}}\ensuremath{\approx}3.5 \mathrm{\AA{}},$ the crystal structure of the multilayer transforms to an hcp (102) orientation and the magnetic moments of both the Fe and Ru disappear. These results are compared and contrasted with those from Fe/Rh(001) multilayers.
Understand the Queer World of the L-esbian Body: Using Queer as Folk and The L Word to Address the Construction of the Lesbian Body

SUMMARY Television is a tremendous force in constructing social understandings of the body. Using the first season of The L Word and Queer as Folk, this article addresses the manners in which the lesbian body is created and conveyed within a queer media world. Although diverse and complex, the images of the lesbian body have been created to be consumed by heterosexuals as well as lesbians and gay men. Central to this transformation of body is the creation of a consumable butch body—a body that is read firstly as a woman, but offers opportunities for the queer consumer to read lesbianism, even a version of butch. Additional aspects of body discussed include the evolution of body in conjunction with identity and the idea of “gaydar”—the reading of body to determine if one is lesbian.
Leadership And Motivating Missions: A Model For Organizations From Science Literature:

The phenomenon of motivating missions linked with high levels of performance and leadership excellence is a topic cited in both popular and academic literature. The author of this paper posits a model of leadership applied to examples in hospitality organizations from literature in the areas of biology, chemistry, and physics that explain the mechanics of the systems approach to managing organizations. Future empirical studies done by other researchers will advance the model presented in the paper to additional levels of development.
The link between pediatric primary care and pediatric emergency care

Abstract The continuum of emergency medical services for children (EMS-C) is an elaborate interwoven fabric of talent, time, and tithe. To optimize outcomes for children, the efforts of all who participate in their care must be coordinated in a seamless fashion. One of the crucial components of EMS-C is the link between primary care providers (PCP) and emergency medicine (EM) providers; the two are truly interdependent, and on them, their patients are completely dependent. This report examines the relationship between PCP and EM physicians, describes utilization practices in one urban setting, and offers some guidance for future modification of this important link between providers.
External rotation of the glenohumeral joint: ligament restraints and muscle effects in the neutral and abducted positions.

External rotation of the glenohumeral joint is important in a variety of pathologic states, yet the ligamentous restraints to external rotation have not been thoroughly investigated and the muscle effects have received even less attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ligamentous restraints and muscle effects limiting external rotation of the glenohumeral joint in a biomechanical cadaveric model. External rotation torque was applied to the humeri of 15 shoulders mounted in the supine position in a custom fixture while varying rotator cuff and biceps loads in 15° and 60° of glenohumeral abduction. A randomly chosen ligament (coracohumeral ligament [CHL], combined superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments [S+M], anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament [AB], entire inferior glenohumeral ligament [IGHL], or posterior capsule [PC]) was cut, and testing was repeated (n = 3 for each ligament). Torque data were collected every 3° through the entire range of external rotation. Individual muscles were loaded with 22.2 N (designated as a standard state) and were compared with loads of 0, 11.1, and 44.5 N. Alterations in muscle loads were analyzed with a residual maximum likelihood-based repeated-measures model. Ligament effects were analyzed by use of analysis of variance with Tukey correction. In the neutral position, each ligament except the PC significantly affected the torque required for external rotation, with IGHL > CHL > AB > S+M. In this position, loading the subscapularis to 44.5 N significantly increased the torque required to externally rotate the shoulder whereas unloading it significantly decreased the torque required. In the 60° abducted position, each ligament except the PC significantly affected the torque required for external rotation, with IGHL > AB > S+M > CHL. In this position, loading the biceps or subscapularis to 44.5 N significantly increased the torque required to externally rotate the shoulder as rotation increased whereas unloading it significantly decreased the torque required as rotation increased. This work demonstrates that the glenohumeral joint capsule behaves as a cylinder with many regions serving as restraints to external rotation. In addition, the long head of the biceps has an important role as a dynamic restraint to external rotation in the abducted shoulder. This is a new function attributed to the biceps and reinforces the role of external rotation in the generation of biceps and superior labral pathology.
An ewma-cuscore quality control procedure for process variability

Combined Shewhart-cumulative score (cuscore) quality control schemes are available for controlling the mean of a continuous production process. In many industrial applications, it is important to control the process variability as well. The proposed exponentially weighted moving average combined Shewhart-cumulative score ewma-cuscore quality control procedure for detecting shifts in process variability uses the procedures developed by Ncube and Woodall [1] to monitor shifts in the process mean of continuous production processes. It is shown, in the one-sided case, by Average Run Length (ARL) comparisons, that the proposed scheme performs significantly and uniformly better than comparative standard cuscore procedures for shifts in the process standard deviation values considered.
On Measuring the Quality of a Network Community Structure

Modularity is widely used to effectively measure the strength of the community structure found by community detection algorithms. However, modularity maximization suffers from two opposite yet coexisting problems: in some cases, it tends to favor small communities over large ones while in others, large communities over small ones. The latter tendency is known in the literature as the resolution limit problem. To address them, we propose to modify modularity by subtracting from it the fraction of edges connecting nodes of different communities and by including community density into modularity. We refer to the modified metric as Modularity Density and we demonstrate that it indeed resolves both problems mentioned above. We describe the motivation for introducing this metric by using intuitively clear and simple examples. We also discuss the results of applying this metric, modularity, and several other popular community quality metrics to two real dynamic networks. The results imply that Modularity Density is consistent with all the community quality measurements but not modularity, which suggests that Modularity Density is an improved measurement of the community quality compared to modularity.
Light and electron microscopic studies of Escherichia coli-coliphage interactions. II. The electron microscopic cytology of the E. coli B-T2 system.

High contrast electron microscopic observations were made at known intervals after infection of E. coli B cells infected with T2 phage. During the first half of the latent period, marginal vesicular areas replaced the alternating dark and light patterning of normal cells. The latter half of the latent period was characterized by gross changes in the texture of the cytoplasm and by the gradual internal build-up first of phage “Anlagen” and second of mature phage progeny.
Multi-core fibers for high capacity transmission

Various approaches for suppressing inter-core crosstalk of multi-core fiber and state-of-the-art low-crosstalk multi-core fiber feasible to ultra-long-haul transmission are reviewed. Additionally, preferable way to improve spatial spectral efficiency is discussed.
INTEREST WITHOUT MASTERY

Author's summary.— What is interest? Interest impossible without achievement. Keynotes: activity, gradation, and suitability. Some criteria for interest in reading. Vocabulary density.
The carbohydrate structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat plasma thiostatin.

The complete carbohydrate structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of rat plasma thiostatin was elucidated through chemical and enzymatic methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and lectin affinity chromatography. Pronase digestion of thiostatin yielded a major glycopeptide fraction with asparagine the most abundant amino acid present. Based on one mole of aspartic acid, the following molar ratios obtained for the fur major amino acids: aspartic acid (1.0), threonine (0.53), glycine (0.48) and serine (0.30). Neutral sugar yielded a 3:2 molar ratio for mannose to galactose based on an assigned value to mannose of 3. On this basis, the fraction also contained 3 residues of sialic acid and, on average, 0 to 1 residue of fucose. GC-MS of partially methylated alditol acetates from the glycopeptide fraction identified the presence of biantennary and triantennary structure. Analyses of the neutral sugar and amino-acid composition, together with methylation data, support a biantennary N-linked structure for this major glycopeptide fraction and a triantennary N-linked structure as a lesser component. Sequencing of the desialyated 14C-labelled glycopeptide fraction by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and lectin affimity chromatography uncovered the following saccharide order: terminal galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and pentasaccharide inner core. This sequence is consistent with the N-linked glycan structures demonstrated by methylation and compositional analyses.
Decision analysis of stereotactic radiation surgery versus stereotactic radiation surgery and whole-brain radiation therapy for 1 to 3 brain metastases.

Purpose Although whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is effective for controlling intracranial disease, it is also associated with neurocognitive side effects. It is unclear whether a theoretically improved quality of life after stereotactic radiation surgery (SRS) alone relative to that after SRS with adjuvant WBRT would justify the omission of WBRT, given the higher risk of intracranial failure. This study compares SRS alone with SRS and WBRT, to evaluate the theoretical benefits of intracranial tumor control with adjuvant WBRT against its possible side effects, using quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) as a primary endpoint. Methods and Materials A Markov decision analysis model was used to compare QALE in a cohort of patients with 1 to 3 brain metastases and Karnofsky performance status of at least 70. Patients were treated with SRS alone or with SRS immediately followed by WBRT. Patients treated with SRS alone underwent surveillance magnetic resonance imaging and received salvage WBRT if they developed intracranial relapse. All patients whose cancer relapsed after WBRT underwent simulation as dying of intracranial progression. Model parameters were estimated from published literature. Results Treatment with SRS yielded 6.2 quality-adjusted life months (QALMs). The addition of initial WBRT reduced QALE by 1.2 QALMs. On one-way sensitivity analysis, the model was sensitive only to a single parameter, the utility associated with the state of no evidence of disease after SRS alone. At values greater than 0.51, SRS alone was preferred. Conclusions In general, SRS alone is suggested to have improved quality of life in patients with 1 to 3 brain metastases compared to SRS and immediate WBRT. Our results suggest that immediate treatment with WBRT after SRS can be reserved for patients who would have a poor performance status regardless of treatment. These findings are stable under a wide range of assumptions.
Dry matter production and carbohydrate accumulation in three meadowfoam lines

The literature lmacks information on seasonal patterns of meadowfoam (Limnanthes R. Br. spp.) dry matter production and nonstructural carbohydrate quantities and their relationship with seed yield. To provide this information, three meadowfoam lines (85-765, 85-729 and «Mermaind») with contrasting seed yield performance were grown in 1987-1988 and 1988-1989 at the Oregon State University Schimidt Farm
Practical prefetching techniques for multiprocessor file systems

Improvements in the processing speed of multiprocessors are outpacing improvements in the speed of disk hardware. Parallel disk I/O subsystems have been proposed as one way to close the gap between processor and disk speeds. In a previous paper we showed that prefetching and caching have thepotential to deliver the performance benefits of parallel file systems to parallel applications. In this paper we describe experiments withpractical prefetching policies that base decisions only on on-line reference history, and that can be implemented efficiently. We also test the ability of those policies across a range of architectural parameters.
Short note on the mass matrix for Gauss-Lobatto grid points

The mass matrix for Gauss-Lobatto grid points is usually approximated by Gauss-Lobatto quadrature because this leads to a diagonal matrix that is easy to invert. The exact mass matrix and its inverse are full. We show that the exact mass matrix and its inverse differ from the approximate diagonal ones by a simple rank-1 update (outer product). They can thus be applied to an arbitrary vector in O ( N ) operations instead of O ( N 2 ) .
Acquired atrioventricular block

Abstract Acquired complete atrioventricular block in the pediatric patient is probably less common now than congenital complete atrioventricular block. However, it is not a rare finding. The causes vary from structural to inflammatory and infiltrative abnormalities. Corrected transposition of the great vessels has a 20% to 30% incidence of complete atrioventricular block. This block may develop after birth, and the timing of the development of the heart block varies from individual to individual. Histopathologic findings have detailed an anterior atrioventricular node with a long common bundle, which may be susceptible to ongoing trauma. Post-operative complete atrioventricular block, which at one time had an incidence of 5% to 16% in the early era of corrective surgery for congenital heart disease, now has an incidence of 1% to 4%, depending on the type of surgery. Structural damage from anterior and inferior myocardial infarctions have also been shown to produce heart block, although their occurrence in the childhood population is quite uncommon. Anterior myocardial infarctions appear more likely to produce a permanent complete atrioventricular block compared with an inferior myocardial infarction. Inflammatory or infectious diseases such as myocarditis and Lyme disease have also been associated with acquired heart block in the pediatric patient. This may be either transient or permanent. Rarely, bacterial endocarditis has been associated with complete atrioventricular block. This is generally associated with endocarditis involving the aortic valve. Finally, infiltrative as well as degenerative diseases and traumatic myocardial injury rarely have been found to cause acquired atrioventricular block in childhood.
ROLES OF RDNA SPACER AND TRANSCRIPTION UNIT-SEQUENCES IN X-Y MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MALES

Meiotic pairing of the X and Y chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster males is mediated by the rDNA repeats, which are present in two tandem clusters, one in the centric X heterochromatin and the other near the base of the short arm of the Y chromosome. Deletion of the X chromosomal rDNA cluster disrupts X-Y pairing and causes high frequences of X-Y nondisjunction. Pairing can be partly restored by insertions of cloned complete rRNA genes or by rDNA fragments that include the intergenic spacer (IGS) region. A 240 bp repeated sequence in the IGS was shown to be effective in promoting pairing when present at copy numbers above five. This study further defines the rDNA sequences involved in mediating pairing. Germline insertions of a P element construct containing most of the rDNA transcription unit but no promoter or IGS region were obtained. Two single-copy insertions and four two-copy insertions proved unable to stimulate X-Y disjunction when located on an rDNA-deficient X chromosome. In addition, three insertions of a P element construct consisting of the IGS and promoter regions of the rDNA were characterized molecularly. These three insertions had previously been shown to range in pairing ability from very weak to quite strong. Molecular analysis revealed that the three insertions also vary in copy number of the 240 bp IGS repeat and that these structural differences correlate with the differences in pairing ability. These data indicate that 240 bp repeats are considerably more effective than other regions of the rDNA in stimulating chromosome pairing.
Properties of the system matrix of a generalized state-space system

In this short paper we show a number of properties of generalized state-space systems {sE-A,B,C,D} which can be constructed for any rational matrix R(s). The Kronecker structure of such systems is proven to yield information about the pole-zero structure (finite and infinite) and about the null space structure of R(s).
Risk Management in the Era of BYOD: The Quintet of Technology Adoption, Controls, Liabilities, User Perception, and User Behavior

An increasing number of companies and organizations have allowed employees (as well as business partners and contractors) to use their own devices to connect to company assets, resulting in the phenomena of BYOD (Bring Your Own Devices). Employees' own devices may pose greater threats against the corporation than its own assets would. They are perceived as more vulnerable and easier to become compromised than devices issued and controlled by the company. In this context, the need to manage the BYOD practice is undeniable. In this paper we propose the Risk Management Quintet as a model of understanding the BYOD practice. The relationships among the components of the Quintet, i.e., technology adoption, control, liabilities, user perception, and user behavior, are examined in the context of control mechanisms.
Ultrasound-modulated optical imaging using a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer and a powerful long pulse laser

Ultrasound-modulated optical imaging combines the good spatial resolution of ultrasonic waves (mm scale) and the spectroscopic properties of light to detect optically absorbing objects inside thick (cm scale) highly scattering media. Light propagating in a scattering medium can interact with an ultrasonic wave thereby being tagged by a frequency shift equal to the ultrasound frequency or its harmonics. In this paper, a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (CFPI) is used as a tunable spectral filter to detect selectively the ultrasound-tagged photons. The CFPI allows obtaining high spectral resolution (MHz scale) while maintaining a high light gathering power when compared to other spectroscopic devices of comparable resolution. The contrast between the tagged photons and the untagged photons can be further enhanced by cascading CFPI. Moreover, the fast response of the CFPI allows performing measurements within the speckle decorrelation time typically encountered in biomedical applications. In this paper, the use of a single-frequency laser emitting powerful optical pulses allows illuminating the scattering medium only during the transit time of the probing ultrasonic pulses. Consequently, the acoustic and the optical power are both concentrated in time to enhance the signal-to- noise ratio of the technique while remaining below the biomedical safety limits. The detection of optically absorbing objects (mm size) inside 30- and 60-mm thick scattering media is presented.
The Academy of SCI Professionals: multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary?

“ASCIP sounds truly unique,” she said to me after I explained details about our organization, “but can you tell me, do you describe ASCIP as multi-disciplinary or interdisciplinary?”I took a sip of...
Lymphoma-associated retinopathy

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical, electrophysiologic, and serologic findings in a patient with retinal degeneration associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Design Case report with ancillary immunohistochemical studies. Methods A 24-year-old woman experienced night blindness and fundus abnormalities 1 week after initiation of chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Visual fields and full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were monitored over a 10-year period. Serum antibodies were studied on Western blot reactions on a solubilized extract of bovine retina. Serum antibodies were also evaluated through indirect immunohistochemistry on rhesus monkey retina. Results Visual field and ERG amplitudes, initially abnormal, became reduced further over 10 years. Serum antibodies were identified that reacted to a retinal protein or proteins approximating 65 kd; these antibodies showed immunologic activity against photoreceptors. Conclusions A progressive paraneoplastic retinopathy can occur in association with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The pathogenesis of the retinal degeneration appears to be related to a serum antibody that is reacting to a retinal protein or proteins of approximately 65 kd.
Use of interstitial temperature self-regulating thermal rods in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Several groups are investigating a new technique for thermal treatment of the prostate involving permanent implantation of small biocompatable rods in a procedure similar to brachytherapy. The rods are then heated by an extracorporeal alternating magnetic field. The rods are composed of an alloy of palladium and cobalt such that they are temperature self-regulating; the regulated temperature is set during manufacture. Clinically, rods with a regulating temperature in the hyperthermia range are being employed as an adjuvant to external-beam radiation. Rods with a regulation temperature in the thermal ablation range are being used in two patient groups: those with newly diagnosed stage T1 or T2 prostate cancer and those who have localized recurrent disease after external-beam radiation. Early data appear promising.
A Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Relationship Power Scale in HIV/AIDS Research

The Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) was developed over a decade ago to address the lack of reliable and valid measures of relationship power in social, behavioral and medical research. The SRPS and its two subscales (relationship control [RC], decision-making dominance [DMD]) have been used extensively in the field of HIV prevention and sexual risk behavior. We performed a systematic review of the psychometric properties of the SRPS and subscales as reported in the HIV/AIDS literature from 2000 to 2012. A total of 54 published articles were identified, which reported reliability or construct validity estimates of the scales. Description of the psychometric properties of the SRPS and subscales is reported according to study population, and several cross-population trends were identified. In general, the SRPS and RC subscale exhibited sound psychometric properties across multiple study populations and research settings. By contrast, the DMD subscale had relatively weak psychometric properties, especially when used with specific populations and research settings. Factors that influenced the psychometric properties of the various scales and subscales included the study population, mean age of the sample, number of items retained in the scale, and modifications to the original scales. We conclude with recommendations for (1) the application and use of the SRPS and subscales, (2) reporting of psychometric properties of the scales in the literature, and (3) areas for future research.
A High Voltage Asymmetric Waveform Generator for FAIMS

High field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has been used increasingly in recent years as an additional method of ion separation and selection before mass spectrometry. The FAIMS electrodes are relatively simple to design and fabricate for laboratories wishing to implement their own FAIMS designs. However, construction of the electronics apparatus needed to produce the required high magnitude asymmetric electric field oscillating at a frequency of several hundred kilohertz is not trivial. Here we present an entirely custom-built electronics setup capable of supplying the required waveforms and voltages. The apparatus is relatively simple and inexpensive to implement. We also present data acquired on this system demonstrating the use of FAIMS as a gas-phase ion filter interface to an ion trap mass spectrometer.
Cultivation of egg-adapted Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis (TO) virus in chick tissue culture.

Summary1. An egg-adapted strain of Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (TO) has been carried through 42 passages in vitro on embryonic chick tissue. Attempts to adapt the mouse passage virus directly to chick tissue culture were unsuccessful. Preliminary growth in embryonated eggs, followed by tests in mice of 20% embryo suspensions, facilitated the titration of tissue culture fluids. 2. One of 3 strains of approximately the same mouse-infective titer failed to adapt either to egg or tissue culture. 3. A representative strain of Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis (TO) virus obtained from the American Type Culture Collection also adapted to egg and tissue cultivation.
Dosimetry intercomparison using a 35-keV X-ray synchrotron beam

The purpose of this study was to compare dose measurements using ion chamber and radiochromic film dosimetry for a 35-keV synchrotron beam useful for Auger electron therapy. A 1.3-GeV electron beam, transported through a 3-pole superconducting wiggler magnet, produced a polychromatic photon beam from which a 35-keV beam (3.3 mm Al HVL) was selected using a monochromator. A 2.8 cm x 2.5 cm field was produced by vertically oscillating a polymethylmethacrylate phantom in which dose to water was measured as a function of depth. Charge, measured using a 0.23-cm(3) cylindrical, air-equivalent ionization chamber, was converted to dose using American Association of Physicists in Medicine TG-61 protocol for 40-300 kV X-ray beam dosimetry with minor assumptions. Optical density of radiochromic film (Gafchromic EBT) was converted to dose using a 125 kVp X-ray beam (2.9 mm Al HVL) calibration curve. Fractional depth-dose curves measured using ion chamber and film agreed well with each other, the maximum difference being 4.5% at 8.85 cm. Both agreed well with that predicted by MCNP5 Monte Carlo calculations. At 2.0-cm depth, film doses from five independent measurements predicted 0.952+/-0.022 of dose measured using the ion chamber. Dose measurements using two independent methods, ionization chamber and radiochromic film dosimetry, showed good agreement and should be suitable for future dosimetry necessary for cell and small animal irradiations. Improving agreement will require additional investigations of methods for converting ionization and film optical density to dose.
Naltrexone: lack of effect on hepatic enzymes.

A number of studies have established the clinical efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of opiate addiction. However, questions have been raised regarding its hepatotoxic potential and warnings have been given prominence in the package insert regarding its use for those with even less severe liver disease. The current study monitored 53 male patients receiving naltrexone 350 mg weekly for 12 weeks. The lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) Jevels were determined at pretreatment and at monthly intervals thereafter for three months. LDH and SGOT were found to drop significantly from baseline over this three-month period. This decrease appeared most notable for those with pretreatment hepatic enzyme levels exceeding the normal range. Moreover, changes in hepatic enzyme levels were not consistently correlated with the patients use of illicit drugs such as opioids, benzodiazepines, cocaine, barbiturates, and amphetamines. Based on these data, we have concluded that contrary to cautions implied in the naltrexone package insert, the benefit of admitting patients with the sole problem of elevated hepatic enzymes generally exceeds the risk.
Occurrence in Normal Human Testis of a Heat-stable Alkaline Phosphatase Similar to a Rare Variant of Placental Isoenzyme

The possibility that testicular germ cells are ‘totipotential’ in expressing early developmental gene products was examined in the case of placenta-specific heat-stable alkaline phosphatase. In each of the 11 adult testes studied about 0.3–4.6% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity was heat-stable and L-phenylalanine-sensitive but L-homoarginine-insensitive. However, the testicular heat-stable enzyme was more susceptible to inhibition by L-leucine and EDTA than the normal placental and intestinal enzymes, thus resembling the so-called ‘D-variant’ of placental alkaline phosphatase. By antibody-directed enzyme inhibition tests the testicular heat-stable enzyme crossreacted completely with normal placental enzyme but clearly distinguished itself from a heat-stable component of normal intestinal enzyme. Thus, a minute amount of placental alkaline phosphatase D-variant is synthesized in testis, indicating that the gene for elaborating this placental protein is probably already active in the germ cells of testis. The high incidence of this protein in cancers of testis and ovary is probably due to the increased production of this protein by active gonadal genes.