cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Method for Estimating Shell Weight and Correcting Specific Gravity for Egg Weight in Eggshell Quality Studies

Abstract Two formulas were derived from definitions of egg density (ED) or egg specific gravity (ESG) or both. The formulas can be used for estimating ESG or shell weight (SW) when the other was not measured. The ESG formula can also be used to correct ESG for differences in egg weight (EW). This correction in ESG can be used when analyzing data from any experiment where differences exist in EW among treatments. In many reports from the literature, treatment differences for shell quality were found to be minimal when adjusted for EW. The formulas developed were used for estimating SW plus membrane and ESG for seven strains of hens fed six levels of calcium. These values were then correlated with measured values. The strains times calcium interaction was not significant. For measured SW versus calculated SW, the respective correlation coefficients were .979, .954, .974, .959, .965, .969, and .932 for the HyLine W36, DeKalb XL, Shaver, DeKalb DK, HyLine W77, Babcock Brown, and Hisex Brown Strains and were .923, .946, .973, .968, .963, and .954 for the respective calcium levels of 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0%. The calculated ESG and measured ESG were highly correlated. These data indicate that ESG and EW can be used to obtain an excellent estimate for SW.
Two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy from laser light scattered off a hard target

Summary form only given. The results of two-tone frequency-modulated (FM) laser light scattered off a target to look at atmospheric absorptions are presented. The results are a first-time demonstration of the two-tone FM measuring technique used for monostatic (single-ended) applications involving diffusely scattering targets.
Rationality and the Foundations of Positive Political Theory

In this paper, we discuss and debunk the four most common critiques of the rational choice research program (which we prefer to call Positive Political Theory) by explaining and advocating its foundations: the rationality assumption, component analysis (abstraction), strategic behavior, and theory building, in turn. We argue that the rationality assumption and component analysis, properly understood, can be seen to underlie all social science, despite the protestations of critics. We then discuss the two ways that PPT most clearly contributes to political science (i.e., what distinguishes it from other research programs), namely the introduction of strategic behavior (people do not just act; they interact) and PPT's more careful attention to the theory-building step within the scientific method. We explain the roles of theory-building and of empirical "testing," respectively, in scientific inquiry, and the criteria by which theories should and should not be judged.
The Virtue of Nussbaum's Essentialism

This paper shows that Nussbaum's Aristotelian essentialism effectively combines resources for constructive social criticism (even in traditional societies) with concern for the concrete particulars of realized ways of life. Many critics of Nussbaum's views have failed to appreciate its many virtues in this regard. Yet Nussbaum's confidence in the broad possibilities of internal social criticism demands a better account of the moral openness of human cultures than anything Nussbaum has herself provided. Even Nussbaum's reading of Aristotle - as well as the ethical antirelativism on which it depends - demands a richer account than Nussbaum has so far offered of the essential openness of human world interpretations.
Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin Level in Congenital Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Deficiency*

Serum thyroglobulin (TG) is normally under TSH control. Serum TG levels are elevated during increased thyroid gland stimulation and suppressed by exogenous thyroid hormone. High serum TG levels are also found with thyroid gland damage and in patients with differentiated thyroid neoplasms. Congenital T4-binding globulin deficiency was found in this study to be an additional condition in which serum TG levels may be elevated. Elevated TG levels were found in 13 of 36 patients (36%) with congenital TBG deficiency compared to 1 of 27 unaffected relatives (4%). Mean TSH and free T4 index values were not significantly different. A postulated mechanism involves transient TSH stimulation of the thyroid after transient small declines in circulating free hormone levels due to the decreased extrathyroidal pool of thyroid hormone associated with T4-binding globulin deficiency..
Molecular modeling and mutagenesis of gap junction channels.

Gap junction channels connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells through the end-to-end docking of hexameric hemichannels called connexons. Each connexon is formed by a ring of 24 a-helices that are staggered by 301 with respect to those in the apposed connexon. Current evidence suggests that the two connexons are docked by interdigitated, antiparallel b strands across the extracellular gap. The second extracellular loop, E2, guides selectivity in docking between connexons formed by different isoforms. There is considerably more sequence variability of the N-terminal portion of E2, suggesting that this region dictates connexon coupling. Mutagenesis, biochemical, dye-transfer and electrophysiological data, combined with computational studies, have suggested possible assignments for the four transmembrane a-helices within each subunit. Most current models assign M3 as the major pore-lining helix. Mapping of human mutations onto a C a model suggested that native helix packing is important for the formation of fully functional channels. Nevertheless, a mutant in which the M4 helix has been replaced with polyalanine is functional, suggesting that M4 is located on the perimeter of the channel. In spite of this substantial progress in understanding the structural biology of gap junction channels, an experimentally determined structure at atomic resolution will be essential to confirm these concepts. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Serum Albumin Concentrations: Who Needs Them?

OBJECTIVE:To examine the multiple factors that influence serum albumin concentrations and to discuss settings in which the monitoring of such concentrations provides clinically useful information.DATA SOURCES:Original investigations, review articles, books, and abstracts published in English.STUDY SELECTION:Studies pertaining to factors affecting serum albumin concentration were chosen based on general applicability. Recommendations related to the appropriate monitoring of albumin concentrations were based on studies performed in the clinical setting with direct applicability to patient care.DATA EXTRACTION:Data on factors affecting serum albumin concentration were extracted from studies that resulted in similar conclusions regardless of assay technique. Appropriate indications for albumin monitoring were derived from studies demonstrating direct clinical relevance.DATA SYNTHESIS:A number of factors may influence serum albumin concentration and ultimately affect interpretation of the concentration. Serum ...
Stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy of gallium arsenide

Even though Raman scattering of semiconductor materials has been studied intensively for over two decades, new experiments continue to reveal information of fundamental importance concerning mechanisms.
Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microporous microsphere- based depot formulation of a peptide-like antineoplastic agent

In the present investigation, a poly(DL-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based, microspheric depot system for bleomycin (BLM) has been formulated, and the same has been evaluated in-vivo in C57BL/6J mice bearing transplantable melanoma B16F1 murine solid tumour. The microparticulate delivery systems were formulated employing a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation technique and characterized in-vitro. The microspheres were injected subcutaneously to form a drug depot at the site of injection in mice bearing experimental tumours and the drug was continuously infused into the systemic circulation with progressive biodegradation. The drug-loaded microspheres exhibited improved pharmacodynamic efficacy, as evidenced by retarded tumour growth kinetics. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies illustrated controlled release of the drug into the systemic circulation over the study period to exert an anti-neoplastic action. These studies demonstrated the feasibility of employing a PLGA-based microparticulate ...
Is Infrainguinal Percutaneous Atherectomy Better Suited for Certain Arteries Than Others

Objective: We analyzed our results with percutaneous rotational atherectomy catheters and specifically examined whether they were more likely to be associated with a successful outcome when used to treat smaller diameter vessels such as infrapopliteal (IP) arteries compared to larger diameter femoropopliteal (FP) arteries and infrainguinal arterial autogenous vein grafts (GRAFTS). Material and Methods: Between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006, athrectomies were performed on 32 patients for claudication (14), gangrene (9), rest pain (4), and failing GRAFTS (5). Treated vessels included 14 superficial femoral, 1 popliteal, 5 anterior tibial, 4 posterior tibial, and 3 peroneal arteries along with 5 failing GRAFTS. All procedures were performed by vascular surgeons in an endovascular operating suite using a mobile C-arm. Results for larger diameter vessels including FP arteries and GRAFTS were combined (FP + BYPASSES) and compared to results of IP artery lesions. Follow-up averaged 10 weeks (range, 0.5-...
Kinetic Studies of the Metabolism of Rapidly Exchangeable Apolipoproteins May Leave Investigators and Readers With Exchangeable Results

Edward A. Fisher The Editors invited Dr Henry Ginsberg to review an important topic that is relevant to many kinetic studies of human lipoprotein metabolism, including one in the present issue. Changes in the concentration of a plasma protein are usually thought to involve the balance between its production and clearance, but as Drs Ginsberg and Ramakrishnan point out, in the case of exchangeable apolipoproteins, the change in concentration associated with a particular fraction of plasma lipoproteins may not be from production or clearance. We welcome any editorial correspondence on this issue. Department of Medicine (Cardiology) NYU School of Medicine 522 First Ave. New York, NY 10016 edward.fisher@med.nyu.edu In this issue of ATVB , Chan et al present interesting results of a study of the effects of atorvastatin and fenofibrate on apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) metabolism.1 Each drug was administered alone, and the study was conducted as a 3-way crossover design with placebo. The authors report that both drugs reduced plasma and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoCIII. Further, they conclude from their tracer kinetic studies that the fall in VLDL apoCIII levels resulted from increased fractional catabolic rates (FCR) and reduced production rates (PR) of VLDL apoCIII. These results, they note, may provide an insight into the triglyceride-lowering effects of both atorvastatin and fenofibrate, because apoCIII inhibits both lipoprotein lipase activity and removal of remnants via receptor-mediated pathways. See accompanying article on page 1831 A close reading of the article raises issues, …
Charcoal deposition and redeposition in Elk Lake, Minnesota, USA

Sedimentary charcoal, diatom and phytolith records of the past 1500 years at Elk Lake, Minnesota, in combination with sediment trap studies and a transect of surface sediment samples, document the mechanisms by which previously deposited charcoal is redeposited and finally buried in this lake. The frequent correspon dence of high diatom concentrations and peaks of phytolith and charcoal fragments suggests that currents and turbulence related to lake circulation are responsible for winnowing charcoal and phytoliths from shallow water depositional sites to deeper areas of the lake. High diatom concentrations in the record relate to increased nutrient fluxes also supplied by circulation. Despite the fact that the watershed and area around Elk Lake has not been burned since AD 1922, charcoal continues to reach the profundal zone from littoral source areas in Elk Lake. The variable redeposition of within-lake charcoal requires evaluation before fire-history records can be related to global, regional or even lo...
Impact of semiconductor laser frequency deviations on fiber optic frequency reference distribution systems

An analysis is presented of the effect of the linewidth of a single-longitudinal-mode semiconductor laser on the frequency stability of a frequency reference transmitted over single-mode optical fiber. The interaction of the random laser frequency deviations with the dispersion of the optical fiber is considered to determine theoretically the effect on the Allan deviation of the transmitted frequency reference. It is shown that the magnitude of this effect may determine the limit on the ultimate stability possible for frequency reference transmission on optical fiber, although it is not a serious limitation to present system performance. >
The transition jump system for the AGS

In an attempt to generate a lossless crossing of an accelerator's transition energy, one procedure is to alter the transition energy of the accelerator quickly as the beam passes through this energy region by changing the optics of the lattice-a so-called "transition jump", or "/spl gamma//sub t/-jump" scheme. Such a system was first implemented at CERN and later adopted at other accelerator laboratories. A scheme for the AGS was developed in 1986. The system has become operational during the 1994 high intensity proton run. It consists of three quadrupole doublets, each magnet having an individual power supply and crowbar circuit. After a brief theoretical description of the jump system for the AGS, we describe the engineering aspects of the hardware and our experience with the system during its commissioning.
Are Non-Tumescent Ablation Procedures Ready to Take Over?:

Tumescent anesthesia refers to the percutaneous administration of large volume anesthetic to cause the target tissue to become swollen or firm. The use of tumescent anesthesia is essential for the treatment of refluxing truncal veins using endothermal technologies. In order to obviate the use of tumescent anesthesia as an adjunct to treatment, one has to evaluate the technologies that do not employ thermal energy as the modality for treatment. These technologies include foam sclerotherapy, mechanicochemical ablation (MOCA), and the use of glue (Sapheon™ closure system). The following review juxtaposes the literature supporting the use of tumescent-based techniques to the literature supporting the use of tumescent-less techniques.
Los Alamos HPDS: high-speed data transfer

The authors describe the Los Alamos High-Performance Data System (HPDS), which is being developed to meet data-storage and data-access requirements of Grand Challenge and National Security problems running in a high-performance computing environment. HPDS is a fourth-generation data storage system in which storage devices are directly connected to a network, data are transferred directly between client machines and storage devices, and software distributed on workstations provides system-management and control capabilities. Essential to the success of HPDS will be the ability to effectively use High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) networks and HIPPI-attached storage devices for high-speed data transfer. The authors discuss the peer-to-peer data transfer protocol that has been developed for HPDS, and describe the HPDS implementation approach. >
Is There a Connection Between Diabetes and Psychological Dysfunction

This review discusses evidence-based perspectives on the relationship between diabetes and psychological distress. Future directions for inquiry and clinical management also are addressed.
A fast rerouting scheme for OSPF/IS-IS networks

Most current backbone networks use link-state protocol, OSPF or IS-IS, as their intra-domain routing protocol. Link-state protocols perform global routing table update to route around the failures. It usually takes seconds. As real-time applications like VoIP emerge in recent years, there is a requirement for a fast rerouting mechanism to route around failures before all routers on the network update their routing tables. In addition, fast rerouting is more appropriate than global routing table update when failures are transient. We propose such a fast rerouting extension for link-state protocols. In our approach, when a link fails, the affected traffic is rerouted along a pre-computed rerouting path. In case rerouting cannot be done locally, the local router signals the minimal number of upstream routers to setup the rerouting path for rerouting. We propose algorithms that simplify the rerouting operation and the rerouting path setup. With a simple extension to the current link state protocols, our scheme can route around failures faster and involves minimal number of routers for rerouting.
Compromised Fanconi anemia response due to BRCA1 deficiency in cisplatin-sensitive head and neck cancer cell lines

Head and neck cancers are commonly treated with the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin. While many tumors respond well to cisplatin treatment, some do not. The mechanism for this differential sensitivity of head and neck tumors to cisplatin is not understood in detail. In this study, we explored whether the functional status of the Fanconi anemia and BRCA pathway (FA/BRCA) would predict cisplatin sensitivity in head and neck cancer cells. The FA/BRCA pathway is critical for the orchestration of the cellular response to cisplatin and other DNA cross-linking agents. It was found that three out of four cisplatin-sensitive head and neck cancer cell lines showed defective formation of FANCD2 nuclear foci while all four cisplatin-resistant cell lines tested were proficient in FANCD2 foci formation following cisplatin treatment. The defect in FANCD2 foci formation in the cisplatin-sensitive cell lines was not due to defective monoubiquitylation of FANCD2 but appeared to be due to reduced expression or defective function of BRCA1 since expression of exogenous BRCA1 restored the ability of these cells to induce FANCD2 foci following cisplatin treatment and enhanced cisplatin resistance. These results suggest a possible role for BRCA1 in modulating cisplatin sensitivity in head and neck cancer cells.
Velocity Comparisons from Upward and Downward Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers on the West Florida Shelf

Abstract Current observations are compared from upward- and downward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the West Florida Shelf (WFS). Despite regional differences, statistical analyses show good agreement between all sets of observations throughout the water column except in the upper few meters where all downward-looking ADCPs exhibit small, but significant, reduction in rms speed values. Evidence suggests that this reduction is mooring related. It is possible that the presence of near-surface bubbles caused by wave activity could bias the near-surface observations. Otherwise, either the upward- or downward-looking mooring systems produce equivalent observations with differences due to spatial variations.
Assessing Genetic and Cultural Heritabilities

Familial aggregation of multifactorial complex diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) presents challenges for genetic analysis that are not encountered with simple Mendelian disorders. CHD results from a complex interplay of multiple aetiological factors, and is better understood in terms of its risk factors, each of which may exhibit familial aggregation and variability due to complex influences. The occurrence of familial aggregation of a disease or its risk factors is not, however, sufficient evidence to conclude that genetic causes are operating. This is because familial aggregation can arise due to the action of either genetic influences or environmental influences that are shared by family members or both. The exact sources of familial aggregation can have important ramifications regarding the choice of effective strategies for intervention and disease prevention.
Effect of leucocytes and bacteria on glucose content of the cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis.

Summary1. Levels of glucose in cerebrospinal fluids of dogs with aseptic meningitis were normal, while incubation in vitro of such fluids resulted in consumption of glucose. Evidently, glucose is transported into the cerebrospinal fluid in vivo more rapidly than it is utilized by the leucocytes under these conditions. 2. Very large numbers of pneumococci growing rapidly in normal cerebrospinal fluid were needed in order to consume glucose at rates approximating those at which glucose is utilized in vitro by fluids of dogs with aseptic meningitis. 3. Consumption of glucose by leucocytes and bacteria does not appear to account for lowered levels of glucose in bacterial meningitis.
Promoting Interorganizational Connectivity in the Electronics Industry

The paper examines business-to-business applications of the Internet, reviewing marketing problems in forming a collaborative industrial “virtual community.” It discusses an Internet start-up venture in the electronics industry and qualitative research undertaken at the annual industry trade show. The problems developing a community of competing industrial firms are analyzed.
Relationship between Perception of Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction of Pediatric Nurses

Objective To explore the relationship between pediatric nurses’ job satisfaction and their perception of job characteristics and to provide a reliable objective evidence for pediatric nursing job design.Methods Pediatric nurses from a children’s hospital of Guangzhou were included.The Job Diagnostic Survey(JDS) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-Form(MSQ20) were used to measure pediatric nurses’ perspectives for job characteristics and their job satisfaction.Results Positive correlation were detected between pediatric nurses’ job characteristics perception and job satisfaction.Inner satisfaction was mainly affected by job autonomy,feedback from others and task identity but extrinsic satisfaction and general satisfaction were mainly affected by feedback from others and work autonomy(P0.01).Conclusion Pediatric nursing job characteristics perception of nurses and their job satisfaction are significantly positive correlated.Work autonomy and feedback from others are the main factors of affecting the job satisfaction of pediatric nurses.
Experiential and Project-based Learning in BIM for Sustainable Living with Tiny Solar Houses☆

Abstract The tiny house movement represents a unique building initiative that aims to reduce the environmental and financial impacts of modern living. This paper introduces the integration of a tiny house competition project into an undergraduate construction management curriculum, and investigates the role of building information modeling (BIM) in facilitating sustainable living design and construction as well as student learning using an experiential and project-based pedagogy. As BIM is prevailing across the global design and construction industry, higher education has been striving on developing effective pedagogy to cultivate students’ competency in BIM. Most recently, the emphasis of BIM education has been transforming from software training to problem-solving in the context of project execution and management. Therefore, experiential and project-based learning seems to be a promising option for BIM education. This paper highlights the synergistic BIM usage in the tiny solar house project with broad student participation and comprehensive inclusion of both lower and upper division undergraduate construction management courses. The tiny solar house project provides the desired pedagogical construct that fosters active student learning engagement in attaining BIM knowledge and developing problem-solving skills with BIM at multiple phases that span from the inception of design, to construction and eventually the occupancy and operation.
From Cheesecake to Chief: Newspaper Editors' Slow Acceptance of Women

Abstract The struggle of women journalists to achieve equality in the newsroom begs the question of whether editors were reflecting social mores or practicing a more virulent form of male supremacy. The latter explanation is supported by a study of 680 editions of the newsletter of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, the Bulletin, from its inception in 1925 through the 1988 tenure of ASNE's first female president. Until the second wave of the women s rights movement took hold, editors saw women as sexual objects and housewives whose fragile and emotional natures left them congenitally unsuited for newsroom roles beyond the women's section. The unfiltered words of the editors betray a systemic gender bias that explains why newsroom discrimination was more entrenched than in society as a whole.
Donor aortoplasty for transplantation of kidneys with multiple arteries.

AbstractDue to the severe shortage of organs for transplantation, newer surgical techniques have been designed to use all compatible organs that may have been discarded because of anatomical arterial variations. The techniques for miniaturization of the extended Carrel patch, Carrel patch capping of the aorta and S-aortoplasty are illustrated.
Dodge, Duck, Dip, Dive & Dependence: Using Dodgeball to Explore Frequency Dependent Selection

Abstract The term frequency dependence describes scenarios in which the likelihood of an event occurring is strongly tied to how common a particular trait is. Understanding frequency dependence is key to understanding numerous biological processes relevant to evolution by natural selection, such as predation, mimicry, disease, and effective vaccinations. We use dodgeball to demonstrate frequency dependent selection in a hypothetical predator—prey community, and provide possible extensions into other topics. This activity can be used with biology students in high school through upper-level undergraduate courses.
Scaling Spark on Lustre

We report our experiences in porting and tuning the Apache Spark data analytics framework on the Cray XC30 (Edison) and XC40 (Cori) systems, installed at NERSC. We find that design decisions made in the development of Spark are based on the assumption that Spark is constrained primarily by network latency, and that disk I/O is comparatively cheap. These assumptions are not valid on Edison or Cori, which feature advanced low-latency networks but have diskless compute nodes. Lustre metadata access latency is a major bottleneck, severely constraining scalability. We characterize this problem with benchmarks run on a system with both Lustre and local disks, and show how to mitigate high metadata access latency by using per-node loopback filesystems for temporary storage. With this technique, we reduce the shuffle time and improve application scalability from O(100) to O(10, 000) cores on Cori. For shuffle-intensive machine learning workloads, we show better performance than clusters with local disks.
In-vivo evidence of nephrotoxicity and altered hepatic function in rats following administration of diglycolic acid, a metabolite of diethylene glycol.

AbstractContext: Diglycolic acid (DGA) is one of the two primary metabolites of diethylene glycol (DEG). DEG is an industrial solvent that has been implicated in mass poisonings resulting from product misuse in the United States and worldwide, with the hallmark toxicity being acute kidney injury, hepatotoxicity, encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Our laboratory has generated in-vitro evidence suggesting that DGA is the metabolite responsible for the proximal tubule necrosis and decreased kidney function observed following DEG ingestion. Furthermore, we have shown that DGA specifically accumulates in kidney tissues (100× higher than peak blood concentrations) following DEG administration.Objective: To examine renal and hepatic accumulation and dysfunction following direct administration of DGA in-vivo. We hypothesize that administration of DGA will result in renal and hepatic DGA accumulation, as well as proximal tubular necrosis and liver injury.Materials and methods: Adult male Wistar rats were di...
Predicting the Magnetic Field of Earth-Impacting CMEs

Predicting the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the southward component of their magnetic field is one of the key goals of space weather forecasting. We present a new model, the ForeCAT In situ Data Observer (FIDO), for predicting the in situ magnetic field of CMEs. We first simulate a CME using ForeCAT, a model for CME deflection and rotation resulting from the background solar magnetic forces. Using the CME position and orientation from ForeCAT, we then determine the passage of the CME over a simulated spacecraft. We model the CME's magnetic field using a force-free flux rope and we determine the in situ magnetic profile at the synthetic spacecraft. We show that FIDO can reproduce the general behavior of four observed CMEs. FIDO results are very sensitive to the CME's position and orientation, and we show that the uncertainty in a CME's position and orientation from coronagraph images corresponds to a wide range of in situ magnitudes and even polarities. This small range of positions and orientations also includes CMEs that entirely miss the satellite. We show that two derived parameters (the normalized angular distance between the CME nose and satellite position and the angular difference between the CME tilt and the position angle of the satellite with respect to the CME nose) can be used to reliably determine whether an impact or miss occurs. We find that the same criteria separate the impacts and misses for cases representing all four observed CMEs.
Patient and Practitioner Perspectives on Culturally Centered Integrated Care to Address Health Disparities in Primary Care.

Introduction Addressing the multifaceted health and mental health needs of ethnically and culturally diverse individuals is a challenge within the current health care system. Integrated care provides a promising approach to improve mental health treatment-seeking disparities; however, adaptation of care models to impact African Americans is lacking. Although resources to support engagement of diverse populations in depression care exist, little has been developed to tailor patient preferences in accessing and engaging mental health services that are integrated into primary care. Objective Our research seeks to add a cultural focus to the existing literature concerning integrated health care models to help address depression and selected co-occurring chronic health conditions in primary care settings. Methods Thirty-two adult patients of an integrated primary care clinic participated in focus groups discussing their individual health experiences. Nine health care practitioners/administrators from five different integrated practice settings in the Atlanta, GA, area participated in key informant interviews. Main outcome measures Transcripts were analyzed for key themes related to depression care, perceived unmet cultural needs, and desired adaptations. Results Common themes emerged such as the importance of peer-support and community engagement as areas of patient interest. Participants had good knowledge in recognizing depressive symptoms but were less knowledgeable about treatment options and expectations of treatment. The administrative and practitioner perspective suggests that patient preferences are valued and perceived as valid. Conclusion It is critical that strategies and models are developed to improve health care among underserved minorities because current models offer variable efficacy among this population.
Sleep apnea, psychopathology, and mental health care

Abstract Objective Sleep apnea has been shown to be associated with mental health conditions. This study examined the association between sleep apnea and psychopathology and mental health service utilization in a US nationally-representative sample. Design National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Setting United States. Participants We used data on 264,653 individuals who participated in the 2008-2014 waves of the NSDUH, of which 5498 (3.3%) reported having sleep apnea within the past year. Intervention Not applicable. Measurements Based on NSDUH responses, participants were categorized as having depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and serious psychological distress within the past year. Analyses consisted of using logistic regression models with sleep apnea as the main predictor and mental health conditions as the outcomes of interest, controlling for potential confounding variables. Results Compared with those without sleep apnea, those reporting past-year sleep apnea had 3.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.77-3.50) times increased odds of having depression, 2.75 (95% CI, 2.34-3.23) times increased odds of suicidal ideation, 3.68 (95% CI, 3.30-4.10) times increased odds of anxiety, and 2.88 (95% CI, 2.61-3.17) times increased odds of severe psychological distress, after controlling for confounders. Among those with each psychiatric outcome, individuals with sleep apnea were substantially more likely to report unmet need for mental health care, despite reporting greater mental health service use. Conclusions Individuals with sleep apnea have increased risk for psychopathology, including suicidal ideation. Efforts to address the mental health care needs of those with sleep apnea are needed.
Transgenic Citrus Plants Expressing the p35 Anti-Apoptotic Gene Have Altered Response to Abiotic Stress

Transgenic plants of the citrus rootstock Carrizo citrange cultivar [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] expressing a p35 anti-apoptotic gene were exposed to three types of abiotic stress. The responses of plants from the three transgenic lines, p35-1, p35-2, and p35-4 were compared to those of wild-type (WT) plants, revealing consistent improvements in the ability of leaf explants from p35-2 transgenic plants to withstand freezing. When exposed to drought stress, plants transformed with p35 gene exhibited similar elongation growth and branching to WT plants. The stem water potential (SWP) in drought-stressed p35-2 and p35-4 plants was significantly lower than SWP measured in WT plants in one experiment, but in a repeat experiment, the SWP of WT and transgenic plants were similar. The ability to withstand salt stress was similar in all four genotypes. The introduction of anti apoptotic genes with beneficial effects in plant stress resilience into citrus, such as p35, may lead to the production of cultivars more tolerant to freezing conditions or other types of abiotic stress.
The Concentration of Poverty Is a Growing Rural Problem

Concentrated poverty has increased in the U.S. over the last decade, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas and in areas with distinct racial/ethnic minority populations. Historical regional concentrations of high poverty persist in the South, but there is evidence of emergent concentrations in the West and Midwest. The spread of nonmetropolitan concentrated poverty is associated with the recent economic recession and the slow pace of the recovery.
Hollywood Muslims in Iraq

This essay explores how Muslims are represented in the two most successful Iraq War films, American Sniper (2014, US) and The Hurt Locker (2008, US), and offers a comparative analysis of the cultur...
Touch-free reaching task for Parkinson's disease patients: A motion sensing approach

The use of motion tracking devices in healthcare is under investigation. Although many motion tracking applications have been proposed to monitor the progress of rehabilitation, using such technology to quantify the progression or improvement of therapies for movement disorders is still scarce. In this study, we introduce a touch-free reaching task which uses a motion sensing device. Our motion tracking system combines a motion tracking device and visual feedback to implement a movement task for the evaluation of the state of motor functions impairment symptoms in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.
Creation: Human Beings and Leadership

Ethical leadership is strengthened when we know that leadership itself is the mandate for human beings, are self-aware that human beings are influencers, and are cautious about centralized power. To be a human being is to be leading being, made for purposes of leadership in light of God’s activity of creating and ordering. Human beings are communal beings—men and women together reflect the image of God and bear the mission of God to extend Eden and must learn to lead in partnership even while exerting leadership over other persons to their benefit.
Spray-chilling encapsulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline zinc chloride complex using hydrophobic materials: Feasibility and characterization of microcapsules

A moisture-sensitive 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline zinc chloride complex (2AP-ZnCl2) was successfully encapsulated by spray-chilling, using a hydrophobic moisture barrier as a practical way to protect the complex and to help facilitate its general use in food applications. Use of octacosane as wall material provided a flavor retention of 65.3%. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray micro-CT) indicated desirable morphological characteristics of the matrix type microcapsules. Gas chromatography (GC) and absorbance spectroscopy were used for chemical quantitation of 2AP and ZnCl2, respectively, in the microcapsules. Results revealed no degradation of 2AP occurred as a result of the encapsulation process. This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of producing high quality microcapsules from labile flavor complexes by spray-chilling. The use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substances, including 2AP and ZnCl2, may allow for widespread commercial use of 2AP as a flavor ingredient.
The successful use of probability data in connectionist models

Reggia [10] explored connectionist models which employed “virtual” lateral inhibition, and included the activation of the receiving node in the equations for the flow of activation. Ahuja [1] extended these concepts to include summing the total excitatory and inhibitory flow into a node. He thus introduced the concept that the change of activation of a node depended on the integral of the flow into that node and not just the present activation levels of the nodes to which it is connected. Both Reggia’s and Ahuja’s models used probability data for the weights. Ahuja’s model was further extended by Alexander [2], [3], [4] in the RX model to allow both the weights and the activations of Ahuja’s model to be negative, and further, Alexander’s model included the prior probabilities of all nodes. Section 1 of this paper contains a complete listing of the RX equations and describes their development. The main result of this paper, the demonstration of the convergence of the system is presented in Section 2. Section 3 briefly describes the experiments testing the RX system and summarizes this article.
Tullock, Tideman, and the Origins of the Demand-Revealing Process

One of Gordon Tullock’s contributions to economics was his decision in 1971 to publish in Public Choice a dense paper by a doctoral student that made the startling claim that it was possible to motivate people to report their preferences for public goods truthfully. Tullock reported that, while he did not understand the paper when he accepted it, he decided to publish it because if it was right, it was important. Here I report events surrounding the process by which that idea came to be understood by Tullock, by me, and by others.
Biomarkers and Molecular Diagnostics for Early Detection and Targeted Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Emergency Department.

Sepsis and septic shock are true medical emergencies responsible for >1.5 million hospitalizations and 250000 deaths in the US each year (1). Emergency care practitioners recognize that reduction of morbidity and mortality from sepsis is directly dependent on early identification and rapid initiation of therapy, which includes fluid resuscitation and antimicrobial therapy. In the US the initial evaluation for most septic patients, including those admitted to the intensive care unit, occurs in emergency department (ED)3 settings (2). As such, emergency physicians work on the front line of sepsis care, frequently making critical diagnostic and therapeutic decisions that profoundly affect overall care trajectory and patient outcomes. The continuum of sepsis care delivered in the ED can be divided into 2 domains: ( a ) detection and diagnosis and ( b ) treatment initiation and ongoing evaluation coupled with resuscitation. Decision-making within each of these domains is complicated by the uniquely challenging practice environment of the ED, where a wide variety of acute and undifferentiated diseases are managed, typically with limited information and always under intensive time pressure. Despite extensive research efforts over the past decade, there has been relatively little increase in the amount of objective data available to emergency physicians during …
Proceedings of the First ACM workshop on Large-scale multimedia retrieval and mining

We are delighted to welcome you to the First ACM Workshop on Large-Scale Multimedia Retrieval and Mining (LS-MMRM 2009). Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth of multimedia content driven by the wide availability of massive storage devices, high-resolution video cameras and fast networks. Stimulated by recent progress in scalable machine learning, feature indexing and multi-modal analysis techniques, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in exploring challenges and new opportunities for developing much larger scale approaches for multimedia retrieval and mining. Many of these computationally-intensive ideas are now becoming practical because of the broader availability of high-speed clusters and the advent of cloud computing. This workshop aims to bring together researchers and industrial practitioners interested in large-scale multimedia retrieval and mining. The workshop will provide a venue for the participants to explore a variety of aspects and applications on how advanced multimedia analysis techniques can be leveraged to address the challenges in large-scale data collections. In total we have received 31 submissions, each of which was reviewed by three members from the program committee. From these, we selected 7 papers for oral presentation and 10 posters, resulting in a full-day workshop. The program was supplemented with a keynote presentation on topics of particular interest, and a panel session on large-scale multimedia mining. We would like to thank the program committee and the additional reviewers for their hard work on reviewing submissions under such tight deadlines. This year, we are excited to share all of our technical sessions with the Workshop on Web-Scale Multimedia Corpus (WSMC), another workshop also collocated with ACM Multimedia. We hope that the shared sessions will present attendees from both workshops the opportunity to interact on aspects of multimedia retrieval and mining that apply to specifically web-scale corpora..
Living in a swampy paradise: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an African Humid Period lacustrine margin, West Turkana, Kenya

Abstract The African Humid Period (AHP), spanning ∼15-5 ka, was characterize across East Africa by increased precipitation. Wetter climate conditions created environments favorable to human occupation in what are today harsh, resource-limited places to inhabit. The Turkana Basin is a striking example of this. Throughout the AHP, lake levels intermittently rose ∼100 m establishing hydrologic connectivity from Lake Turkana into the Nile drainage system via an outlet to the northwest. This study presents new, high-resolution data from West Turkana outcrops of the Late Pleistocene/Holocene Galana Boi Formation. This research complements existing lake-level curves and allows for landscape reconstruction through lateral facies associations. The Kabua Gorge area contains both well-exposed stratigraphic sections and multiple archaeological sites to the north and west of the outcrops. This creates the opportunity to tie the archaeology closely to paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the geological record . The depositional environment is characterized by a dynamic fluctuating lake margin, consisting of at least four phases of inundation. Highstand Phase 4 is distinct within the Kabua Gorge sequence because it is comprised of black clay containing 2–10% total organic carbon , pedogenic overprinting, pedogenic carbonate nodules , and a diverse molluscan fauna. Deposition of this unit is indicative of an organic-rich, reducing lacustrine environment that was subsequently overprinted by pedogenesis . This unit grades laterally basinward from organic-rich paleosols to lacustrine silts characterized by abundant freshwater diatom taxa. By coupling sedimentology , diatom assemblage data, δ 13C and δ18 O isotope geochemistry of pedogenic carbonates, and a radiocarbon chronology for the area, the paleoenvironment of Kabua Gorge is interpreted as a shallow marshy embayment connected to the main body of a freshwater Lake Turkana. The landscape is a highly dynamic one, varying on a scale of 100s of meters. Sediments were deposited during periods of inundation and then pedogenically modified during brief periods of subaerial exposure to form Vertisols . Archaeological sites in the early part of the AHP at Kabua Gorge are closely associated in age with lacustrine highstands. Hence, we propose that the lagoonal marsh environment of Phase 4 would likewise have been a resource-rich area for human occupation during the AHP. Potential resources drawing humans to the area include access to fresh water and fishing grounds. Ultimately, understanding the paleoenvironmental dynamics at Kabua Gorge provides a window into the broader ecosystems in which humans culturally evolved from the Late Pleistocene to present.
Naked-Eye Objects

All the objects discussed so far in the book have needed some sort of telescopic equipment, be it binoculars or varying sizes of telescope, in order to be seen. However, it may come as a surprise to you to know that there are a number of interesting celestial objects that can be glimpsed with the naked eye!
Fitbits, field-tests, and grades: The effects of a healthy and physically active lifestyle on the academic performance of first year college students

A growing number of studies have been performed regarding the positive effect of physical activity on academic performance. Many of these studies were conducted on children and show that students w...
W4,p solution to the second boundary value problem of the prescribed affine mean curvature and Abreu's equations

Abstract The second boundary value problem of the prescribed affine mean curvature equation is a nonlinear, fourth order, geometric partial differential equation. It was introduced by Trudinger and Wang in 2005 in their investigation of the affine Plateau problem in affine geometry. The previous works of Trudinger–Wang, Chau–Weinkove and the author solved this global problem in W 4 , p under some restrictions on the sign or integrability of the affine mean curvature. We remove these restrictions in this paper and obtain W 4 , p solution to the second boundary value problem when the affine mean curvature belongs to L p with p greater than the dimension. Our self-contained analysis also covers the case of Abreu's equation.
Presentation of an Estimator for the Hurst Parameter for a Self-Similar Process Representing the Traffic in IEEE 802.3 Networks

The hypothesis for the existence of a process with long term memory structure, that represents the independence between the degree of randomness of the traffic generated by the sources and the pattern of traffic stream exhibited by the network is presented, discussed and developed. This methodology is offered as a new and alternative way of approaching the estimation of performance and the design of computer networks ruled by the standard IEEE 802.3-2005.