cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Running sparse and low-precision neural network: when algorithm meets hardware

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are pervasively applied in many artificial intelligence (AI) applications. The high performance of DNNs comes at the cost of larger size and higher compute complexity. Recent studies show that DNNs have much redundancy, such as the zero-value parameters and excessive numerical precision. To reduce computing complexity, many redundancy reduction techniques have been proposed, including pruning and data quantization. In this paper, we demonstrate our co-optimization of the DNN algorithm and hardware which exploits the model redundancy to accelerate DNNs.
Being Hungry Affects Oral Size Perception

Oral size perception is not veridical, and there is disagreement on whether this nonveridicality tends to underestimate or overestimate size. Further, being hungry has been shown to affect oral size perception. In this study, we investigated the effect of hunger on oral size perception. Overall, being hungry had a small but significant effect on oral size perception and seemed to support that oral size perception tends to underestimate the size of objects. Both hungry and sated participants tended to underestimate the size of intraoral objects, but hungry participants underestimated to a significantly lesser degree. Unlike previous research, this tendency was independent of the order and number of assessments of size. We, therefore, offer a novel explanation for these findings: Oral size perception is modulated by a hierarchy of Bayesian predictions, and being hungry changes the priors in these predictions.
Explaining the Success of Nearest Neighbor Methods in Prediction

Many modern methods for prediction leverage nearest neighborsearch to find past training examples most similar toa test example, an idea that dates back in text to at leastthe 11th century and has stood the test of time. This monographaims to explain the success of these methods, both intheory, for which we cover foundational nonasymptotic statisticalguarantees on nearest-neighbor-based regression andclassification, and in practice, for which we gather prominentmethods for approximate nearest neighbor search thathave been essential to scaling prediction systems reliant onnearest neighbor analysis to handle massive datasets. Furthermore,we discuss connections to learning distances foruse with nearest neighbor methods, including how randomdecision trees and ensemble methods learn nearest neighborstructure, as well as recent developments in crowdsourcingand graphons.In terms of theory, our focus is on nonasymptotic statisticalguarantees, which we state in the form of how many trainingdata and what algorithm parameters ensure that a nearestneighbor prediction method achieves a user-specified errortolerance. We begin with the most general of such resultsfor nearest neighbor and related kernel regression and classificationin general metric spaces. In such settings in whichwe assume very little structure, what enables successful predictionis smoothness in the function being estimated forregression, and a low probability of landing near the decisionboundary for classification. In practice, these conditionscould be difficult to verify empirically for a real dataset. Wethen cover recent theoretical guarantees on nearest neighborprediction in the three case studies of time series forecasting,recommending products to people over time, and delineatinghuman organs in medical images by looking at imagepatches. In these case studies, clustering structure, whichis easier to verify in data and more readily interpretable bypractitioners, enables successful prediction.
Anomaly behaviour detection based on the meta-Morisita index for large scale spatio-temporal data set

In this paper, we propose a framework for processing and analysing large-scale spatio-temporal data that uses a battery of machine learning methods based on a meta-data representation of point patterns. Existing spatio-temporal analysis methods do not include a specific mechanism for analysing meta-data (point pattern information). In this work, we extend a spatial point pattern analysis method (the Morisita index) with meta-data analysis, which includes anomaly behaviour detection and unsupervised learning to support spatio-temporal data analysis and demonstrate its practical use. The resulting framework is robust and has the capability to detect anomalies among large-scale spatio-temporal data using meta-data based on point pattern analysis. It returns visualized reports to end users.
Analysis and Synthesis of Overconstrained Mechanism

This paper describes how, based on a method originated by Raghavan and Roth and elaborated by Mavroidis and Roth, a systematic approach is defined in order to obtain and solve the input-output equations of any overconstrained mechanism. We show that the key to study overconstrained mechanisms lies in analyzing a certain matrix. We are using this matrix to prove overconstraint of special structures, obtain the input-output equations of the mechanisms in analytical form, and solve them algebraically. Applying this unified method of studying overconstrained mechanisms, we verified overconstraint of all known mobile linkages, corrected or generalized already established overconstrained conditions and found new overconstrained mechanisms.
Software Requirements on the Web

The world wide web is emerging as a means for delivery of software services. As these software services continue to increase, such will the software development environments increase on the web. This paper addresses one offering of a two semester course sequence on the development of an industry standard software engineering project, which is primarily a capstone to an undergraduate degree program in computer science. The paper begins with background on the undergraduate computer science degree program and a discussion of software engineering tools and web-based development. An undergraduate course project on an ANSI/IEEE 830-1993 web-based software requirements tool is described in the paper. The course projects are described from the standpoint of the software products, development methods, and project management. Future directions are discussed in the context of building a web-based environment of software tools to support software engineering standards.
AUTOMATIC TELEMETRY MAGNETIC TAPE EDITING MACHINE

Abstract Discussion of the concepts involved and a description of the system design of a telemetry magnetic tape editing machine for the GE, MSVD Data Processing Center. One or two dozen telemetry tapes recorded in the field at the test range receiving sites are reduced at the processing center by an automatic editor to one tape containing the best data signal for a complete test. The telemetry editing problem was studied to derive the principles for a feasible system. Telemetry reduction experience showed that an improvement over the slow manual editing method was needed to reduce large volumes of redundant data rapidly. The editor performs automatically with standard IRIG telemetry signals and it does not need added system control signals. The techniques are easily adapted to other applications such as satellite data editing and by extending the principles, improved data gathering systems are possible.
HEIF: Highly Efficient Stochastic Computing-Based Inference Framework for Deep Neural Networks

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are one of the most promising deep learning techniques and have been recognized as the dominant approach for almost all recognition and detection tasks. The computation of DCNNs is memory intensive due to large feature maps and neuron connections, and the performance highly depends on the capability of hardware resources. With the recent trend of wearable devices and Internet of Things, it becomes desirable to integrate the DCNNs onto embedded and portable devices that require low power and energy consumptions and small hardware footprints. Recently stochastic computing (SC)-DCNN demonstrated that SC as a low-cost substitute to binary-based computing radically simplifies the hardware implementation of arithmetic units and has the potential to satisfy the stringent power requirements in embedded devices. In SC, many arithmetic operations that are resource-consuming in binary designs can be implemented with very simple hardware logic, alleviating the extensive computational complexity. It offers a colossal design space for integration and optimization due to its reduced area and soft error resiliency. In this paper, we present HEIF, a highly efficient SC-based inference framework of the large-scale DCNNs, with broad applications including (but not limited to) LeNet-5 and AlexNet , that achieves high energy efficiency and low area/hardware cost. Compared to SC-DCNN, HEIF features: 1) the first (to the best of our knowledge) SC-based rectified linear unit activation function to catch up with the recent advances in software models and mitigate degradation in application-level accuracy; 2) the redesigned approximate parallel counter and optimized stochastic multiplication using transmission gates and inverse mirror adders; and 3) the new optimization of weight storage using clustering. Most importantly, to achieve maximum energy efficiency while maintaining acceptable accuracy, HEIF considers holistic optimizations on cascade connection of function blocks in DCNN, pipelining technique, and bit-stream length reduction. Experimental results show that in large-scale applications HEIF outperforms previous SC-DCNN by the throughput of $4.1\times $ , by area efficiency of up to $6.5\times $ , and achieves up to ${5.6\times }$ energy improvement.
Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Iodine

Abstract Iodine is a trace halide found in the environment. A majority of global iodine budget resides in ocean while lithosphere and pedosphere contain the rest limiting the bioavailability of iodine in terrestrial environment. Iodine cycles involve the multivalence state chemical speciation at the air–water–sediment interfaces. The mobility and reactivity of these inorganic and organic iodine species are impacted by changes in physicochemical factors (e.g., pH and ionic strength), and macro- and micro-biological activities. Although iodine aqueous biogeochemistry has been extensively investigated in marine systems in the past, the partitioning mechanisms of iodine at the geomedia–water interface remained poorly understood. This chapter covers environmental soil chemistry of iodine and the impact to human and ecological health.
Timing and Efficacy of Fungicide Applications for Diplodia Ear Rot Management in Corn

ABSTRACT Diplodia ear rot, a corn (Zea mays L.) disease caused by the fungus Stenocarpella maydis (Berk.) B. Sutton, has been a persistent ear rot across the United States. Management options are c...
Shelf Acetabuloplasty Using Inner Table of Iliac Bone as Graft

Shelf acetabuloplasty is a procedure indicated when other redirectional and reconstructive procedures can’t be optimally used. All reported techniques have used the outer table of ilium as a graft. Our technique utilizes the inner table of the ilium as a graft and has several advantages over the standard shelf procedure.
Why We Need to Get In "Formation": The Rhetoric of Beyoncé

Following the 2016 releases of the single “Formation” and the album Lemonade by singer Beyonce, America broke into contentious debate regarding the political and thematic content of the songs and their accompanying videos. This essay explores the rhetoric of Beyonce’s music video and song “Formation” and a portion of the visual album for Lemonade, analyzing how her depiction of black culture effectively opposes the dominant colorblind ideology of contemporary society. Furthermore, this analysis seeks to make an argument for why this current “moment” in popular culture actually has significance for the expanding national Black Lives Matter movement for racial justice and equality.
ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF A RARE BUT LETHAL MALIGNANT INTRACARDIAC MASS

Primary cardiac tumors are rare(~75% benign and ~25% malignant) and usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific symptoms. 29 year-old African female presents with generalized body aches and chills for 2 weeks. Pt reported dyspnea, subjective fevers, dry cough, nausea & vomiting. On
Seasonal variations in mu opiate receptor signaling in the nervous system of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis: temperature controls physiological processes

It is anticipated that invertebrate processes will be subject to seasonal variations because of their poikilothermal characteristics. In the present study we determined if the morphine coupled nitric oxide (NO) release, which is constitutive in nature, exhibits seasonal characteristics, which has previously been shown for catecholamine processes in the marine mollusc Mytilus edulis. In this regard, morphine induced NO release measured on a monthly basis for one year revealed a peak release value (39 ± 4 nM) during the late spring and early summer. The lowest NO release occurred during the months of January (6.0 ± 0.5 nM) through March (6.5 ± 1.1 nM). The lowest sea surface temperatures (1.3 °C) were also recorded in these same three winter months in New York. Relative mu opiate receptor gene expression was assessed by real time PCR during these seasons. The mRNA expression reached a relative peak during the month of June and was at its lowest in February and March, further demonstrating the direct coupling of morphine with this receptor. We conclude that the temperature an animal is chronically exposed to serves to control cellular processes, i.e., opiate signaling.
Evaluating Centering group prenatal care in rural women with low socioeconomic status to promote access to care and improve pregnancy outcomes

Rural pregnant women experience challenges in accessing quality prenatal care (PNC), leaving them vulnerable to disparate health outcomes for their infants. Few studies have compared the effectiveness of Centering group prenatal care (GPC) to traditional prenatal care (TPC) among pregnant women of low socioeconomic status in a rural area. This project evaluates perceived barriers to care and GPC outcomes to address gaps specific to this population. A prospective cohort comparison based on convenience sampling of 32 women used the Barriers Scale survey and satisfaction questionnaire to assess perceived barriers to PNC. In addition, a retrospective chart review used purposeful sampling of 106 charts to evaluate low birth weight, preterm birth, PNC use, and breastfeeding outcomes. Although GPC participants were high users of PNC (χ2 = 28.62, p = 0.0001), they had higher rates of low-birth-weight infants (11.3%, n = 6) and preterm births (13.2%, n = 7) than TPC participants (9.4%, n = 5 and 9.4%, n = 5, respectively). Breastfeeding outcomes were comparable. TPC participants reported provider relationship as a slight barrier, but both groups were satisfied with their care overall. Despite relative progress in promoting evidence-based PNC, maternal and neonatal disparities persist in rural communities. These findings indicate further need to explore social determinants of PNC use and outcomes.
Frequency-wavenumber spectrum estimation using blended dominant mode rejection beamforming

Capon [Proc. IEEE (1969)] designed the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer to obtain spectral estimates with better resolution than the conventional averaged-periodogram estimator. The MVDR spectrum is a function of the inverse of the sample covariance matrix (SCM), which often must be regularized prior to inversion. To address conditioning problems, Abraham and Owsley [IEEE Oceans (1990)] developed a modified MVDR approach called dominant mode rejection (DMR). The DMR beamformer defines its weights using a structured covariance consisting of a low-rank interference subspace plus an orthogonal noise subspace. It assumes the rank of the interference is known. Recently, Buck and Singer [IEEE SAM (2018)] proposed the blended DMR beamformer that eliminates the need for rank estimation by defining a weight vector that is an affine combination of fixed-rank DMR beamformers. This talk investigates frequency-wavenumber estimation using blended DMR, focusing particularly on efficient implementations for large linear arrays. Adapting the approach described by Therrien [Prentice Hall (1992)] for MVDR, the blended DMR spectrum for an equally spaced array can be computed using fast Fourier transforms of the sample eigenvectors. Results will be illustrated using experimental data from underwater vertical arrays. [Work supported by ONR.]
Structural characterization of the metalloligand tbpyPt(C22-py)2 and its interaction with Pd(OAc)2

Abstract The metalloligand tbpyPt(C22-py)2 (where HC22-py = 2-ethynylpyridine) was synthesized, characterized, and bound to Pd(OAc)2. X-ray diffraction analysis and NMR spectroscopy indicate that two equivalents of tbpyPt(C22-py)2 bind to one equivalent of Pd(OAc)2. The crystal structure and optimized structure (DFT) of tbpyPt(C22-py)2 were compared to the crystal structure of a previously reported trans-bidentate metalloligand, Cp*2Ti(C22-py)2. Comparisons between these two ligands indicate that the inflexibility of the C-Pt-C hinge in tbpyPt(C22-py)2 is what prevents this species from acting as a trans-bidentate ligand.
A short-gage-length optical gage for small strain

This paper describes a method of increasing the sensitivity of interferometric surface-strain measurement. The new technique utilizes the fact that the interference pattern has a region in which the fringe motion is linearly related to the fringe intensity. The theory of this linear gage, a description of measurement techniques, and the results of evaluative experiments are presented.
Financial implications of the CoviD-19 epidemic for hospitals: A case study

A concern about the COVID-19 pandemic is that U.S. hospitals may not have the capacity to serve all the patients seeking care. With all these new patients, could the pandemic be financially beneficial for hospitals? We suggest the answer is likely no for three reasons. First, many hospitals have experienced reductions in both surgical and clinic volumes resulting in substantial revenue losses. Second, there are reports of increases in the cost of supplies. Finally, the increase in intensive care services required to respond to the surge of COVID-19 patients will result in a shift of patient volume from acute to intensive care, and this shift will not likely improve profitability. To estimate the possible magnitude of each of these effects, we analyze 2019 financial data from a profitable, well-run hospital in Washington State. Our estimates suggest that the COVID-19 epidemic will cause dramatic financial losses for hospitals and that the bulk of those losses will result from lost revenue. We suggest that these losses will be sufficiently large to create major changes in the hospital industry including changes in ownership, changes in access to credit, changes in care delivery and changes in choices of community benefit provision. Keywords: COVID-19, hospital, profit, cost
Scalable learning of interpretable rules for the dynamic microbiome domain

Abstract The microbiome, which is inherently dynamic, plays essential roles in human physiology and its disruption has been implicated in numerous human diseases. Linking dynamic changes in the microbiome to the status of the human host is an important problem, which is complicated by limitations and complexities of the data. Model interpretability is key in the microbiome field, as practitioners seek to derive testable biological hypotheses from data or develop diagnostic tests that can be understood by clinicians. Interpretable structure must take into account domainspecific information key to biologists and clinicians including evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) and dynamic behavior of the microbiome. A Bayesian model was previously developed in the field, which uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo inference to learn human interpretable rules for classifying the status of the human host based on microbiome time-series data, but that approach is not scalable to increasingly large microbiome datasets being produced. We present a new fully-differentiable model that also learns human-interpretable rules for the same classification task, but in an end-to-end gradient-descent based framework. We validate the performance of our model on human microbiome data sets and demonstrate our approach has similar predictive performance to the fully Bayesian method, while running orders-of-magnitude faster and moreover learning a larger set of rules, thus providing additional biological insight into the effects of diet and environment on the microbiome.
Ionospheric Models for Venus and Mars

The ways in which different models employ the multifluid continuity, momentum, and energy equations to characterize the ionospheres of Mars and Venus on the basis of in situ neutral and ion compositions are discussed. The Venus ionosphere is permeated by large-scale magnetic fields when the solar wind dynamic pressure is high, but is free from such fields under conditions of low solar wind dynamic pressure. Large-scale magnetic fields are nearly always present in the Mars ionosphere. Plasma moves downward on both planets for magnetized conditions, and magnetic flux is carried from the magnetosheath down into the ionosphere. Ohmic dissipation of the currents responsible for the magnetic field takes place deep in the ionospheres of both planets.
Spontaneous Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects

I am writing to you in regard to an article by Dr. M. H. Agustsson entitled "Spontaneous Functional Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect in 13 Children" which appeared in Pediatrics in June, 1963 (31:958). In this article the important observation that ventricular septal defects may close is again emphasized and a number of cases are presented in support of this. However, somewhat confusing is the fact that evidence is clearly given that although the patients9 clinical findings changed, the ventricular septal defects were still open in six of the patients.
Defending the Articles of Conferation: A response to Sobel *

A fundamental mystery of the Articles of Confederation is why the statescontributed sizeable resources to the confederation government when theywere allegedly caught in a collective action problem. In a recent article,Russel Sobel denies the collective action problem and suggests that ourresearch on the incentive structure of the confederation contradicts theevidence. This note clarifies both of our arguments, introduces the typeof evidence that would determine whether national public goods weresub-optimally supplied, and explains why states contributed in a mannerthat is consistent with the evidence and with a deficient institutionaldesign.
Interplay Between Generalized Functions and the Theory of Moments

Estrada and Kanwal have recently [6, 69–71] developed a distributional approach to asymptotic analysis. Their study is based on the interplay between the generalized functions and the theory of moments. Thus, they have not only succeeded in presenting a simplified approach to various known aspects of asymptotics but have also found many new results. They have applied their technique to many different branches of asymptotic expansions, such as asymptotic evaluation of divergent integrals, boundary layer theory and singular perturbations. Our aim in this chapter is to present the basic concepts of their methods and illustrate them with representative examples.
Immunoglobulin biosynthesis: IV. Carbohydrate attachment to immunoglobulin subunits

Abstract There are two forms of heavy chain in IgA and IgM immunoglobulin producing mouse myelomas. One form, which contains carbohydrate, was found both intra-cellularly and in secreted immunoglobulin, while the other, devoid of carbohydrate, was found exclusively inside the cell. Detectable carbohydrate was attached to heavy chains at least two minutes after their release from ribosomes; no carbohydrate was found on light chains. Similarly, no carbohydrate was detected on nascent ribosome-bound heavy chains. The role of carbohydrate is discussed with respect to the mechanism of immunoglobulin secretion.
Computer Teachers' Perceptions of Hardware and Software Trends

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference between the perceptions of secondary school business teachers and area vocational school business teachers who teach computer/data processing courses regarding the trends and advancement of computer hardware and software technologies and their use in education programs and business education programs in 1995. Data for the study were collected by questionnaires. The null hypothesis was tested at the .05 level of significance. A significant difference among the perceptions of secondary school business teachers and area vocational school business teachers was found. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected.
MAPping the eukaryotic tree of life: structure, function, and evolution of the MAP215/Dis1 family of microtubule-associated proteins.

The MAP215⧸Dis1 family of proteins is an evolutionarily ancient family of microtubule-associated proteins, with characterized members in all major kingdoms of eukaryotes, including fungi (Stu2 in S. cerevisiae, Dis1 and Alp14 in S. pombe), Dictyostelium (DdCP224), plants (Mor1 in A. thaliana and TMBP200 in N. tabaccum), and animals (Zyg9 in C. elegans, Msps in Drosophila, XMAP215 in Xenopus, and ch-TOG in humans). All MAP215⧸Dis1 proteins (with the exception of those in plants) localize to microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), including spindle pole bodies in yeast and centrosomes in animals, and all bind to microtubules in vitro and⧸or in vivo. Diverse roles in regulating microtubule assembly and organization have been proposed for individual family members, and a substantial body of evidence suggests that MAP215⧸Dis1-related proteins play critical roles in the assembly and function of the meiotic⧸mitotic spindles and⧸or cell division. An extensive search of public databases (including both EST and genome databases) identified partial sequences predicted to encode more than three dozen new members of the MAP215⧸Dis1 family, including putative MAP215⧸Dis1-related proteins in Giardia lamblia and four other protists, sixteen additional species of fungi, six plants, and twelve animals. The structure and function of MAP215⧸Dis1 proteins are discussed in relation to the evolution of this ancient family of microtubule-associated proteins.
The Relationship Between Use of Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Crime Among Adolescents

Abstract This study consisted of a stratified random sample of 3,550 adolescents selected from 55 public school districts from a statewide population in the Midwest. The purpose was to replicate a previous study that tested the delinquency syndrome construct by examining the amount of overlap between alcohol consumption, use of other drugs, and crime using log-linear analysis. The overlap in various forms of delinquency also was examined according to age, gender, and race, with the hypotheses that these factors interact with the amount of overlap between the behaviors examined. In agreement with the previous study, the results support the delinquency syndrome, but they indicate less overlap than the delinquency syndrome construct suggests. Moreover, overlap between these forms of delinquency is moderated with age, gender and race; however, age does not account for enough variance in the multiple contingency table to be selected by log-linear procedures in the most parsimonious model. Implications of these...
Deriving an interacting boson model from the fermion SO(8) model

To see how closely an interacting-boson-model-like model can be approached, we systematically develop a similarity transformation that unitarizes the simple correspondence version of the Dyson boson mapping of the Ginocchio SO(8) model. For a large region of Hamiltonian parameter space, a one-body plus two-body Hermitian boson Hamiltonian of the interacting-boson-model form is achieved. The similarity transformation consists of a dynamical part and a normalizing part. The dynamical transformation results in a one-body plus two-body Hermitian Hamiltonian and simple transition operators. The normalizing transformation commutes with the dynamically transformed Hamiltonian. This enables the transition rates to be calculated without introducing dual bases. However, the resulting boson model differs from the phenomenological interacting boson model in that transition rates are not calculable from the absolute squares of matrix elements. Dynamically transformed operators are given explicitly, and normalizing transformations for SO(6) and seniority limits are obtained in closed form.
The boundaries of genocide: quantifying the uncertainty of the death toll during the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia (1975-79)

The range of estimates of excess deaths under Pol Pot's rule of Cambodia (1975–79) is too wide to be useful: they range from under 1 to over 3 million, with the more plausible estimates still varying from 1 to 2 million. By stochastically reconstructing population dynamics in Cambodia from extant historical and demographic data, we produced interpretable distributions of the death toll and other demographic indicators. The resulting 95 per cent simulation interval (1.2–2.8 million excess deaths) demonstrates substantial uncertainty over the exact scale of mortality, yet it still excludes nearly half of the previous death-toll estimates. The 1.5–2.25 million interval contains 69 per cent of the simulations for the actual number of excess deaths, more than the wider (1–2 million) range of previous plausible estimates. The median value of 1.9 million excess deaths represents 21 per cent of the population at risk.Supplementary material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015....
Association of Marek's disease with Ea-B and immune response genes in subline and F2 populations of the Iowa State S1 Leghorn line.

Abstract Chickens from the Iowa State S1 White Leghorn line, selected for characteristics of Ea-B serotype, humoral immune response to glutamic acid-alanine-tyrosine (Ir-GAT), and response to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumors, were evaluated for genetic resistance to Marek’s disease (MD). In the first two trials, sublines that were triple homozygous for the three traits were challenged with MD virus. Birds of the B1B1 blood type were significantly (P
Dual-pipet techniques for probing ionic reactions

Novel dual-pipet electrodes prepared by pulling borosilicate θ-tubing are described. Three types of electrochemical experiments employing such devices include the following: (1) generation/collection experiments in which ions are ejected from one of two micropipets (“generator”) into the external solution and collected at the second pipet (“collector”), (2) measurements of ohmic current−voltage curves, and (3) ion-transfer voltammetry “in the air”. The first setup is used for probing ion transfers at the interface between two immiscible liquids and homogeneous reactions in solution involving ionic species. Such experiments are reported for two model processes, i.e., simple and facilitated transfers of potassium between aqueous and organic phases and complexation of potassium with dibenzo-18-crown-6 in organic solution. The second arrangement is used for characterization of θ-pipets. The last arrangement can be useful for preparation of gas sensors. The possibility of measuring the concentration of volati...
The impact of perioperative hypothermia on plastic surgery outcomes: a multivariate logistic regression of 1062 cases

Background Perioperative hypothermia has been associated with increased rates of infection, prolonged recovery time, and coagulopathy. Objectives The authors assessed the impact of hypothermia on patient outcomes after plastic surgery and analyzed the impact of prewarming on postoperative outcomes. Methods The medical charts of 1062 patients who underwent complex plastic surgery typically lasting at least 1 hour were reviewed. Hypothermia was defined as a temperature at or below 36°C. Postoperative complication data were collected for outcomes including infection, delayed wound healing, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence, deep venous thrombosis, and overall wound problems. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from 3 multivariate logistic regression models of hypothermia and one model of body contouring procedures that included prewarming as a parameter. Results Perioperative hypothermia was not a significant predictor of wound problems (OR = 0.83; P = .28). In the stratified regression model, hypothermia did not significantly impact wound problems. The regression model measuring the interaction between hypothermia and operating time did not show a significantly increased risk of wound problems. Prewarming did not significantly affect perioperative hypothermia ( P = .510), and in the model of body contouring procedures with prewarming as a categorical variable, massive weight loss was the most significant predictor of wound complications (OR = 2.57; P = .003). Prewarming did not significantly affect outcomes (OR = 1.49; P = .212). Conclusions Based on univariate and multivariate models in our study, mild perioperative hypothermia appears to be independent of wound complications. Level of Evidence: 4 ![Graphic][1] Risk [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
N2 Product Internal-State Distributions for the Steady-State Reactions of NO with H2 and NH3 on the Pt(100) Surface†

The steady-state reaction of NO with H2 and NH3 on Pt(100) is investigated over a temperature range of 340−570 K, and the rotational and vibrational states of the N2 product are probed by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. For NO + NH3 the N2 reaction product leaves the surface rotationally and vibrationally excited, whereas for NO + H2 the desorbing N2 is rotationally equilibrated with the surface and no vibrational excitation can be detected. We conclude that although these two surface reactions both yield N2, the actual reaction mechanisms must be different.
Asthma, Employment Status, and Disability Among Adults Treated by Pulmonary and Allergy Specialists

Objective Identify risk factors for work disability among adults with asthma treated by pulmonary and allergy specialists. Design Cross-sectional survey, including retrospective work history data. Participants Sixty-eight pulmonary and 16 allergy internal medicine subspecialists maintaining a registry of patient visits for asthma; 698 registered patients aged 18 to 50 years, of whom 601 (86%) were studied Measures Computer-assisted, telephone-administered structured interview assessing asthma severity, perceived general health status, asthma quality of life, demographics, and work history. Complete work disability defined as total work cessation attributed to asthma; partial work disability defined as change in job, duties, or reduction in work hours attributed to asthma. Results Complete cessation of work due to asthma was reported by 40 (7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5 to 9%) and partial work disability by 53 (10%; 95% CI, 7 to 12%) of 550 subjects with a history of labor force participation. Severity of asthma score predicted both complete disability (odds ratio [OR], 7.9; 95% CI, 4.2 to 15 per 10-point increment) and partial disability (OR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.2). Taking illness severity into account, job conditions, occupation, and work exertion carried a combined disability OR of 3.9 (95% CI, 1.7 to 8.6). Conclusions Work disability is common among adults with asthma receiving specialist care. Severity of disease is a powerful predictor, but not the sole predictor of disability in this group. Working conditions, including job-related exposures, are associated with added disability risk even after taking illness severity into account.
A spectrophotometric assay for solid phase primary amino groups

A rapid, sensitive, and convenient spectrophotometric assay was developed for the measurement of amino groups on solid supports. This method is based on the reaction of amino groups of solids with an excess ofo-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and subsequent quantitative determination of unreacted OPA by reaction with glycine. Four solids possessing variable quantities of amino groups were examined. Results indicate that about 70% of the total surface amino concentration (determined by the microKjeldahl method) are available for ligand attachment. Unlike the spectrophotometric 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method, the OPA spectrophotometric assay is more rapid, sensitive, and convenient, and unlike the spectrofluorimetric OPA, it does not require sophisticated instrumentation.
Engaging Families to Prevent Substance Use Among Latino Youth

Family-Centered Care provides a forum for sharing information about basic components of caring for children and families, including respect, information sharing, collaboration, family-to-family support, and confidence building.
THE MANN‐DICKINSON THESIS: REJECT OR REVISE?*

Abstract Despite playing an important role in an emerging area within American Rural Sociology, only recently has the Mann and Dickinson thesis received an empirical test (Mooney, 1983). Although thought to have failed its first test, it is argued that conceptual ambiguities in the initial formulation of the thesis misled Mooney's empirical critique and rendered his conclusions invalid. Specifically, labor time is disentangled from working period, which allows for a sharper distinction between value terms and the conditions under which value is created and distributed Implications are the elimination of reductionist tendencies in the thesis, and a new research perspective on capitalist development in agriculture that removes the current “theoretical” opposition between Mooney's position and the Mann-Dickinson thesis Resume La these de Mann et Dickinson, bien qu'elle joue un role important dans un nouveau secteur dc la sociologie rurale americaine, n'a recu que recemment une premiere verification empinque (Mooney, 1983) Tout en estimant que ce test est un echec, ľarticle explique que ce sont les ambiguityes de la premiere formulation qui ont biaise cette verification et qui en invalident les conclusions. II estime, en particular, qu'on ne peut confondre le temps de travail et la periode de travail: les distinguer permettrait de considerer separement les termes de la valeur ?une part, et les conditions de creation et de repartition de la valeur ?autre part Cette perspective attenuerair les tendances reductionmstes de cette these, et ouvrirait une perspective de recherche sur le developpement capitaliste en agriculture, perspective dans laquelle la contradiction entre la position de Mooney et la these de Mann er Dickinson serait gommee Kurzfassung Obwohl die Mann-Dickinson These eine bedeutendc Rolle in etnem immer wichtiger werdenden Gebiet der amcrikanischen landlichen Soziologie sptelt, hat sie erst vor kurzem eine empinsche Prufung erfahren (Mooney, 198}). Entgegen der Annahme, dasZ sie ihren ersten Test nicht standgehalten hat, wird hicr vermutet, das konzeptionelle Unklarhciten bei der ursprunglichen Formulierung der These die empinsche Kritik Mooneys fehlgeleitet haben und ihn zu ungultigen Schlusfolgerungen fuhrten Insbesondere werden die Ar beitszeit und die Arbeitsperiode gesondert betrachtet, was eine scharfere Unterscheidung zwischen den erzielten Werten und den Bedmgungen, unter denen Werte geschaffen und verteilt werden, erlaubt Dadurch werden reduktionistische Tendenzen der These ausgeschaltet und cine neue Forschungsperspektive fur die kapitahstische Enrwicklung in der Landwirtschaft eroffnet, welchc den alten. theoretischen Gegensatz zwischen Mooneys Position und der Mann-Dickinson These uberwindet
COMPUTATION OF THE FLOW FIELD IN A RECIRCULATING TURBULENT GAS JET

As part of an overall investigation of flash-smelting processes, numerical computations were performed for the turbulent recirculating flow field of a gas jet in a confined cylindrical system. The two-equation (k - e) model was used to describe turbulence. The two-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations cast into finite difference forms were solved by the TEACH code (Gosman and Pun, 1973), and the pressure field was computed by the SIMPLER method (Patankar, 1980). Various correlations for the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy at the inlet were tested, and the relation yielding the best results was obtained as E= CμK1.5/(0.015de where de = 4 x hydraulic radius. Extensive comparisons have been made between the computed results using the proposed form of e at the inlet and experimental data taken from the literature. Much better predictions than previously possible have been obtained
Assessment of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a modified version of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.

Objective The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is an instrument commonly used to assess depressive symptoms. Although the psychometric properties of the instrument are well established, the instrument's ability to identify confirmed cases of major depression has been unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of cutoff scores from both a full scale and a modified CES-D to detect major depression in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method Data were analyzed from 457 persons with RA, including 91 who met criteria for major depression. Results Results indicated that, in general, a full scale cutoff score of 19 was the most efficient in identifying cases of major depression; the cutoff score of 19 outperformed a variety of other cutoff scores from the modified scale. Even the most efficient cutoff scores, however, demonstrated problems in accurately identifying people with depression. Conclusion The CES-D, while potentially useful as a screening tool, should not be used to identify cases of major depression.
Calculating cancer latency using data from a nested case-control study of prostatic cancer

Abstract Assessing latency for neoplastic diseases is crucial for determining the causal effects of a complex mix of carcinogenic exposures. An initial assessment of cancer risks in a U.S. tire and rubber plant revealed a significant SMR of 140 for prostatic cancer. Using an industry-based, case-control death certificate study of prostatic malignancies, we found matched odds ratios of about 3 ( p
Transacromial erosion of a locked subacromial hook plate: Case report and review of literature

Consensus on the technique for surgical reduction of highgrade acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations (Tossy III, Rockwood III-V) has remained elusive and controversial for several decades. It has been estimated that 50 to 70 procedures have been described to treat AC joint separations. These range from transarticular Kirschner wires with cerclage to coracoclavicular (CC) screw fixation to a variety of CC cerclage techniques with or without AC wire stabilization and capsule reconstruction. Beginning in the 1980s, reports emerged in the German-language literature of AC plates that were used independently or in combination with AC or CC ligament repair or reconstruction. The Rahmanzadeh plate used a ball-and-socket design in an effort to improve AC mobility. The Wolter plate had a ‘‘C’’-shaped crook, which was positioned inferior to the acromion. The tip of the crook was placed into a hole in the acromion, which was predisposed to widening and made the procedure technically challenging. The Balser plate had a distal hook, which was also positioned beneath the acromion. It most resembles the recently introduced AO AC hook plate, which has become increasingly popular during the last decade. We report a case of hook plate erosion through the acromion. To our knowledge, this is the first description of this complication.
Giving computer science students real-world experience

Class assignments should have more relevance to the real world. There is not enough time to have a realistic project in a class, but a realistic project would give the students a taste of the real world.We attacked this problem by merging two classes, Introduction to Database Systems and Software Engineering I, thereby allowing enough time for a more meaningful final project. We chose to use a loosely coupled approach to merging our classes.
Defining the limits of diving biochemistry in marine mammals.

Abstract The field of marine mammal diving biochemistry was essentially untouched when Peter Hochachka turned his attention to it in the mid-1970s. Over the next 30 years, his work followed three main themes in this area: first, most biologists at that time supported the theory that diving mammals utilized enhanced metabolic pathways for hypoxic energy production (glycolysis to lactate) and reduced their metabolic rate while diving. Peter began his work on potential hypoxic adaptations in marine mammals by working out the details of how these pathways would be regulated. By the 1980s, he started to ask how diving mammals balanced the increased demands of exercise with the apparently conflicting demands to reduce aerobic metabolism while exercising underwater. By the 1990s, his work involved complex models of the interplay between the neural, hormonal, behavioral and evolutionary components of diving biochemistry and animal exercise. From a comparative approach, he excelled at bringing themes of hypoxic adaptation from many different types of animals to the field of diving mammal biochemistry. This review traces the history of Peter Hochachka's work on diving biochemistry from the perspective of those of us who spent time with him both inside the laboratory and outside in the field from Antarctica to Iceland.
Tricky devil: a humorous training technique for the chat reference environment

Purpose – Many libraries now provide real‐time online reference service via internet relay chat (IRC). This paper proposes a humorous training technique.Design/methodology/approach – An opinion piece based on current and recent trends in online reference services.Findings – Many libraries now provide real‐time online reference service via IRC. But chat reference service can be challenging, even for experienced reference librarians. This is because the affordances of the chat reference environment are severely limited: there are no non‐verbal cues, and the verbal exchange is limited to what can be typed. Behaviors that are successful at the reference desk may be counterproductive in this changed environment.Originality/value – This paper proposes a humorous training technique, one designed to make librarians aware of these limitations and to instill behaviors that are more appropriate for chat reference service.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in crosses between inbred lines of Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn chickens

Reciprocal crosses and backcrosses were conducted between inbred Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn chickens differentiated for egg production and egg quality traits. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers distinguishing inbred lines were detected. Twenty-two polymorphic bands were found from screening 120 single 10-mer random primers of which two were consistent with sex-linked markers. Of 90 pairwise two-point linkage analyses completed for the autosomal markers, four close linkages (8.2 cM to 14.9 cM) were significantly different from zero.
Cryptic dioecy in flowering plants

In some dioecious plant species, mates and/or females have large and presumably costly opposite-sex structures that are sterile. This is termed 'cryptic dioecy'. Several new cases of cryptic dioecy have recently been studied. They may give information about the minimal requirements for the evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism, because the most important differences contributing to the initial advantage of the breeding system have not been obscured by further developments. Reviewed in this light, cryptic dioecy can provide evidence on the role of reallocation of reproductive resources in the evolution of dioecy.