cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Advances in the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Rationale and Potential Role of Targeted Agents

Despite advances in standard therapy, including surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. Unfortunately, most patients die within 2 years of diagnosis of their disease. Molecular abnormalities vary among individual patients and also within each tumor. Indeed, one of the distinguishing features of GBM is its marked genetic heterogeneity. Nonetheless, recent developments in the field of tumor biology have elucidated signaling pathways and genes involved in the development of GBM, and several novel agents that target these signaling pathways are being developed. As new details on the genetic characteristics of this disease become available, innovative treatment regimens, including a variety of traditional treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, will be combined with newer targeted therapies. This review introduces these new targeted therapies in the context of current treatment options for patients with GBM. It is hoped that this combined approach will overcome the current limitations in the treatment of patients with GBM and result in a better prognosis for these patients.
Calcium and the control of renin secretion

Introduction DURING the past few years, substantial advances have been made in our understanding of renin secretion. Chiefly responsible for the advances is the proposition by Peart (1) that Ca plays a central role in controlling renin secretion as it does in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. This has led to the view, based mainly on indirect evidence, that cytosolic Ca is an intracellular signal which regulates renin secretion through the baroreceptor, macula densa, and neurohormonal pathways. The specific proposal is that factors which physiologically stimulate renin secretion do so by lowering cytosolic Ca, and those which inhibit secretion do so by raising Ca (2). Thus, for example, hemodynamic factors such as renal perfusion pressure and intrarenal tissue pressure, which control renin secretion through the baroreceptor pathway, regulate Ca flux in the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells (2). Increased NaCl load at the macula densa increases adenosine production at the macula densa, and this adenosine ...
Mutual alignment comparison facilitates abstraction and transfer of a complex scientific concept

Learning about a scientific concept often occurs in the context of unfamiliar examples. Mutual alignment analogy – a type of analogical comparison in which the analogues are only partially understood – has been shown to facilitate learning from unfamiliar examples . In the present study, we examined the role of mutual alignment analogy in the abstraction and transfer of a complex scientific concept from examples presented in expository texts. Our results provide evidence that (a) promoting comparison between two examples and (b) orienting the learner toward relational commonalities result in greater abstraction and transfer. These findings suggest that mutual alignment analogy is an effective means of promoting abstraction and transfer of complex scientific concepts, and may thus be used in the classroom to promote learning from unfamiliar examples.
Pneumococcal pericarditis successfully treated with catheter drainage and intravenous antibiotics

Bacterial pericarditis is commonly a disease of children for which the primary treatment is surgical drainage. We report the case of a 19-yr-old patient presenting with pneumococcal pericarditis and tamponade treated successfully with intrapericardial catheter drainage and intravenous antibiotics. The technical aspects are discussed.
Animal research practices and doctoral student identity development in a scientific community

This article examines doctoral student identity development in regard to engagement with research practices. Using animal research as a contextual lens, it considers how students develop an identity congruent to their perception of the community which facilitates their social and cognitive activities. The shared, interpretive understanding among members of a community legitimizes group activities. Students demonstrate conflicting responses to the act of animal research: first, as an emotional, empathic layperson and second, as a detached scientist. Tension exists in regard to these dualistic responses as the students move through their degree program. Not only did the skillful mastery of such research practices facilitate a student’s socialization to the field, but it also serves as a mechanism to foster integration within the larger scientific community.
Neuroendocrine Small Cell Uterine Cervix Cancer in Pregnancy: Long-Term Survival Following Combined Therapy

A 22-year-old woman carrying twin gestations at 30 weeks presented with preterm labor and a prolapsing cervical mass. Following Cesarean section birth, she was treated with multiagent chemotherapy followed by pelvic radiotherapy for a Stage IIA small cell cancer of the uterine cervix. She is without evidence of disease 5.5 years after diagnosis and is the first reported long-term survivor of a small cell cervical carcinoma diagnosed during pregnancy.
Association of a peptoid ligand with the apical loop of pri-miR-21 inhibits cleavage by Drosha

We have found a small molecule that specifically inhibits cleavage of a precursor to the oncogenic miRNA, miR-21, by the microprocessor complex of Drosha and DGCR8. We identified novel ligands for the apical loop of this precursor from a screen of 14,024 N-substituted oligoglycines (peptoids) in a microarray format. Eight distinct compounds with specific affinity were obtained, three having affinities for the targeted loop in the low micromolar range and greater than 15-fold discrimination against a closely related hairpin. One of these compounds completely inhibits microprocessor cleavage of a miR-21 primary transcript at concentrations at which cleavage of another miRNA primary transcript, pri-miR-16, is little affected. The apical loop of pri-miR-21, placed in the context of pri-miR-16, is sufficient for inhibition of microprocessor cleavage by the peptoid. This compound also inhibits cleavage of pri-miR-21 containing the pri-miR-16 apical loop, suggesting an additional site of association within pri-miR-21. The reported peptoid is the first example of a small molecule that inhibits microprocessor cleavage by binding to the apical loop of a pri-miRNA.
Motion-guided attention promotes adaptive communications during social navigation

Animals are capable of enhanced decision making through cooperation, whereby accurate decisions can occur quickly through decentralized consensus. These interactions often depend upon reliable social cues, which can result in highly coordinated activities in uncertain environments. Yet information within a crowd may be lost in translation, generating confusion and enhancing individual risk. As quantitative data detailing animal social interactions accumulate, the mechanisms enabling individuals to rapidly and accurately process competing social cues remain unresolved. Here, we model how motion-guided attention influences the exchange of visual information during social navigation. We also compare the performance of this mechanism to the hypothesis that robust social coordination requires individuals to numerically limit their attention to a set of n-nearest neighbours. While we find that such numerically limited attention does not generate robust social navigation across ecological contexts, several notable qualities arise from selective attention to motion cues. First, individuals can instantly become a local information hub when startled into action, without requiring changes in neighbour attention level. Second, individuals can circumvent speed-accuracy trade-offs by tuning their motion thresholds. In turn, these properties enable groups to collectively dampen or amplify social information. Lastly, the minority required to sway a group's short-term directional decisions can change substantially with social context. Our findings suggest that motion-guided attention is a fundamental and efficient mechanism underlying collaborative decision making during social navigation.
The road to tranquility: The search for selective anti-anxiety agents

The earliest treatments of anxiety included cathartics and emetics, which were used to remove the excess of black bile (hence our word melancholia) thought to be responsible for the patient's demeanor. By the 1700s, physicians were prescribing drugs that are more selective for the CNS, chiefly opium and strengthening tonics. In the 1860s cardioactive drugs such as atropine, aconite, and digitalis were assumed to counteract anxiety because it could be associated with tachycardia andlor melancholia. A little later, the emergence of laboratory animal models, culminating in the conditioned avoidance response, and also Freudian psychiatry, permitted the evolution of new definitions of anxiety, as well as the introduction of sedative agents such as KBr, chloral hydrate, and barbiturates for its treatment. The first somewhat selective anxiolytics, reserpine, meprobamate, and chlorpromazine, appe ared in the early 1950s, while in 1959 the benzodiazepines were the first to prove more selective than all the others in a systematic battery of screening tests. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Muon colliders: status of R&D and future plans

The case for a future high-energy collider based on muon beams is reviewed briefly. 1 THE Y2K PROBLEM FOR PARTICLE PHYSICS Can elementary particle physics prosper for a 2nd century with laboratory experiments based on innovative particle sources? Can a full range of new phenomena be investigated? – Neutrino mass) a 2nd 3 3 mixing matrix. – Precision studies of Higgs bosons. – A rich supersymmetric sector (with manifestations of higher dimensions). – ... And more ... Will our investment in future accelerators result in more cost-effective technology, capable of extension to 10’s of TeV of constituent CoM energy? Many of us believe that a Muon Collider [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] is the best answer to the above. 2 WHAT IS A MUON COLLIDER? An accelerator complex in which Muons (both + and ) are collected from pion decay following a pN interaction. Muon phase volume is reduced by 10 by ionization cooling [7, 8]. The cooled muons are accelerated and then stored in a ring [9, 10]. + collisions are observed over the useful muon life of 1000 turns at any energy. Intense neutrino beams and spallation neutron beams are available as byproducts. Muons decay: ! e ) Cool muons quickly (stochastic cooling won’t do). Detector backgrounds at LHC level. Potential personnel hazard from interactions. mcdonald@puphep.princeton.edu, http://puhep1.princeton.edu/mumu/ y http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/mu home page.html Table 1: Baseline parameters for muon colliders at 3 TeV, 400 GeV (top factory) and 100 GeV (light Higgs factory). CoM energy (TeV) 3 0.4 0.1 p energy (GeV) 16 16 16 p’s/bunch 2.5e13 2.5e13 5e13 Bunches/fill 4 4 2 Rep. rate (Hz) 15 15 15 p power (MW) 4 4 4 /bunch 2e12 2e12 4e12 power (MW) 28 4 1 Wall power (MW) 204 120 81 Collider circum. (m) 600
Primary orbital lymphoma a radiotherapeutic experience

Abstract A total of 25 patients with clinical Stage I or II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the conjunctiva or orbit were treated with local irradiation at the Radiation Therapy Service of The University of Michigan from 1960 to August, 1973. Local tumor control was obtained in each case with modest doses of irradiation. Of these, 13 patients developed disease relapse elsewhere, mainly in non-contiguous sites. The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 78%. Although presenting signs and symptoms of orbital lymphoma and conjunctival lymphoma are different, there was no difference in survival and relapse rate.
Possible Inclusion of Artifacts in Flavors Recovered Directly from Dried Whole Milk

Abstract To determine possible sources of artifacts arising in collecting volatile flavors from dehydrated dairy products, a study was made of contributions derived from the components of a high-vacuum collection procedure. Volatiles from 115cm 2 of silicone high vacuum grease, Apiezon-N grease, or Teflon gaskets, collected on a liquid nitrogen-cooled condenser by holding each material for 3 hr at 25C and 1- μ pressure, when added to 200ml of milk, were undetected by a trained taste panel. Under the same conditions, volatiles from silicone, neoprene, and buna-N gaskets and O-rings were easily detected, lowering the flavor score of the milk pronouncedly. Viton O-rings produced a borderline effect: 115cm 2 of material lowered the flavor score of milk slightly, while the volatiles from 57cm 2 could not be detected. The recovery process had a generally deleterious effect on dried whole milk. The magnitude of this effect varied from barely detectable with some powders to quite definite with one powder. This effect was shown to depend on the hydration of the powder, being absent when nonhydrated powders were treated otherwise identically.
PCR-free method detects high frequency of genomic instability in prostate cancer

Most studies of tumor instability are PCR-based. PCR-based methods may underestimate mutation frequencies of heterogeneous tumor genomes. Using a novel PCR-free random cloning/sequencing method, we analyzed 100 kb of total genomic DNA from blood lymphocytes, normal prostate and tumor prostate taken from six individuals. Variations were identified by comparison of the sequence of the cloned fragments with the nr-database in Genbank. After excluding known polymorphisms (by comparison to the NCBI dbSNP), we report a significant over-representation of variants in the tumors: 0.66 variations per kilobase of sequence, compared with the corresponding normal prostates (0.14 variations/kb) or blood (0.09 variations/kb). Extrapolating the observed difference between tumor and normal prostate DNA, we estimate 1.8 million somatic (de novo) alterations per tumor cell genome, a much higher frequency than previous measurements obtained by mostly PCR-based methods in other tumor types. Moreover, unlike the normal prostate and blood, most of the tumor variations occur in a specific motif (P = 0.046), suggesting common etiology. We further report high tumor cell-to-cell heterogeneity. These data have important implications for selecting appropriate technologies for cancer genome projects as well as for understanding prostate cancer progression.
High-Throughput Adhesion Evaluation and Scale-up of Combinatorial Leads of Organic Protective Coatings

Coupling of combinatorial chemistry methods with high-throughput (HT) performance testing and measurements of resulting properties has provided a powerful set of tools for the 10-fold accelerated discovery of new high-performance coating materials for automotive applications. This approach replaces labor-intensive steps with automated systems for evaluation of adhesion of 8 × 6 arrays of coating elements that are discretely deposited on a single 9 × 12 cm plastic substrate. Performance of coatings is evaluated with respect to their resistance to adhesion loss. This parameter is one primary consideration in end-use automotive applications. Coating leads identified from the HT screening have been validated on the traditional scale. Details of these validation studies are discussed.
A Tandem Algorithm for Pitch Estimation and Voiced Speech Segregation

A lot of effort has been made in computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) to segregate speech from monaural mixtures. The performance of current CASA systems on voiced speech segregation is limited by lacking a robust algorithm for pitch estimation. We propose a tandem algorithm that performs pitch estimation of a target utterance and segregation of voiced portions of target speech jointly and iteratively. This algorithm first obtains a rough estimate of target pitch, and then uses this estimate to segregate target speech using harmonicity and temporal continuity. It then improves both pitch estimation and voiced speech segregation iteratively. Novel methods are proposed for performing segregation with a given pitch estimate and pitch determination with given segregation. Systematic evaluation shows that the tandem algorithm extracts a majority of target speech without including much interference, and it performs substantially better than previous systems for either pitch extraction or voiced speech segregation.
Growing Location has a Pronounced Effect on the Accumulation of Cancer Chemopreventive Agent Bowman‐Birk Inhibitor in Soybean Seeds

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] contains several health promoting compounds including phytosterols, isofl avones, phytic acid, and protease inhibitors. The two abundant protease inhibitors of soybean seeds are the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI). Bowman-Birk inhibitor has been touted as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent for humans. Little information is available on the effect of growing location on the accumulation of this cancer chemopreventive agent. In this study we have examined the protein profi le of eight soybean varieties that were grown in three Missouri locations in 2009 and 2010. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis demonstrated that soybean varieties that were grown in Grand Pass contained elevated levels of the β subunit of β-conglycinin and reduced amounts of BBI. This observation was further confi rmed by Western blot analysis. This difference in the levels of BBI was also refl ected in the chymotrypsin inhibitor activity. Growing location also infl uenced the overall S content of soybean seeds as evidenced by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Seeds grown in Grand Pass had lower amounts of total S content in both 2009 and 2010. Our results demonstrate that growing location has a profound effect on the accumulation of BBI and it is possible to modulate the concentration of this cancer chemopreventive agent by simple changes in agronomic practices.
Exposures to airborne particulate matter and adverse perinatal outcomes: a biologically plausible mechanistic framework for exploring potential

This article has three objectives: to describe the biologically plausible mechanistic pathways by which exposure to particulate matter (PM) may lead to adverse perinatal outcomes of low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and preterm delivery (PTD); review evidence showing that nutrition affects biologic pathways; and explain mechanisms by which nutrition may modify the impact of PM exposure on perinatal outcomes. We propose an interdisciplinary framework that brings together maternal and infant nutrition, air pollution exposure assessment, and cardiopulmonary and perinatal epidemiology. Five possible biologic mechanisms have been put forth in the emerging environmental sciences literature and provide corollaries for the proposed framework. The literature indicates that the effects of PM on LBW, PTD, and IUGR may manifest through the cardiovascular mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, coagulation, endothelial function, and hemodynamic responses. PM exposure studies relating mechanistic pathways to perinatal outcomes should consider the likelihood that biologic responses and adverse birth outcomes may be derived from both PM and non-PM sources. We present strategies for empirically testing the proposed model and developing future research efforts.
Effect of Age and Body Weight on the Systolic Blood Pressure of the Growing Chicken

Abstract The average systolic blood pressure of female chickens from 1 year to 3 to 4 years of age has been shown to increase by 24 percent (Sturkie, 1953). The average increase in systolic pressure for the same period in males was 14 percent. Since the chicken reaches sexual maturity before 1 year of age, it was thought desirable to obtain information about the blood pressure pattern of the growing chick and the factors influencing blood pressure. EXPERIMENTAL Systolic blood pressure readings and body weights were taken on 31 male heavy-breed birds at 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks of age. Blood pressures were determined by an indirect method similar to that of Sturkie (1957). Birds were maintained in wire batteries on a simple cornsoy ration, available ad libitum. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The principal source of variation in systolic blood pressure is accounted for by individual bird differences (58 percent of…
Virial Expansions for Low Dimensional Ferrofluids

Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic particles which we model as a dilute gas of dipolar hard spheres. At low particle density the osmotic pressure and magnetic susceptibility may be expanded in a virial series. We evaluate the second virial coefficients for fluids confined to a line, or to a plane, as well as ordinary three dimensional fluids in ellipsoidal containers. We focus our attention on anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility and point out the role of particle chaining in determining the magnetic anisotropy of low dimensional ferrofluids.
‘Don't let me go! Hold me down!’: inspiration, voice and image in Kate Bush's ‘Hounds of Love’

Although Kate Bush's reputation as a significant musical pioneer has been accepted by most critics and academic commentators since her return to music in 2005, most readings of her work have been highly ahistoric. This paper explores how, with the release of her fifth album, Hounds of Love, in 1985, her popular appeal was widened into a genuine acceptance of her idiom by contemporary cultural commentators. In particular, the paper focuses on the rival inspirations and the shape, form and delivery of the title track, ‘Hounds of Love’ and its ‘alternative’ version, released on a 12” disc. The paper concludes by analysing the visual presentation of the song through the promotional video (directed by Bush herself) and her two mimed performances and offering a contextualised explanation for Bush's perceived ‘authenticity’ as an artist and performer.
Sexually Objectifying Restaurants and Waitresses’ Burnout and Intentions to Leave: The Roles of Power and Support

The present study examined the relationships between experiences of working in sexually objectifying restaurants and job-related outcomes in a sample of 313 waitresses working in restaurants located in the United States. In addition, we investigated the potential mediating roles of unwanted sexual advances, power, and support in these links. Supporting our hypotheses, results indicated that sexually objectifying restaurants were positively correlated with waitresses’ feelings of burnout and intentions to leave their job. Our findings also supported a theorized multiple mediation model in which higher levels of sexually objectifying restaurants were related to more unwanted sexual advances, lower levels of personal power and control in the work environment, less organizational support, and lower levels of coworker support, which in turn were related to more feelings of burnout. Contrary to our hypotheses, gendered structural/organizational power did not mediate the sexually objectifying restaurants → burnout link. In addition, our findings also revealed that personal power and control, organizational support, and coworker support (but not unwanted sexual advances or structural/organizational power) mediated the link between sexually objectifying restaurants and intention to leave.
EPID-03MENINGIOANGIOMATOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROCEPHALY AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT

BACKGROUND: Meningioangiomatosis is a rare benign lesion of the central nervous system characterized by focal leptomeningeal and meningovascular proliferation most commonly in the frontal and temporal cerebral cortex. Typically meningioangiomatosis presents with seizures and much less commonly headache, visual disturbance, limb weakness and personality change. Genetic mutations in Microcephalin1 (MCPH1) and ASPM (abnormal spindle like microcephaly) cause primary microcephaly and their role in carcinogenesis is being elucidated. CASE REPORT: A boy with global developmental delay due to microcephaly of undetermined etiology and vesicoureteral reflux presented with a new onset generalized tonic clonic seizure. He had a family history of developmental delay in male relatives (maternal uncle and brother) and a family history (maternal) of malignancy in female relatives (breast, mesothelioma, ovarian and uterine cancer). He had large low set ears, prominent jaw and normal testicles. MRI demonstrated a minimally enhancing vascular 1.9 x 1.9 x 1.5 cm lesion in the mesial right inferior frontal lobe predominantly in the superficial cortical gray matter. The lesion had a low intensity T2 signal and dense calcification along the periphery and a central zone of linear vascular enhancement. There was no associated vasogenic edema or any other abnormal MRI findings. The lesion was totally resected under image guidance. Histopathological examination showed meningoendothelial proliferation without atypical features. Intervening neurons immunoreactive with synaptophysin, GFAP and NeuN were seen. The final diagnosis was frontal lobe meningioangiomatosis. Fragile X syndrome testing was negative (FMR gene CGG repeat number: 32) and chromosomal microarray analysis was normal. Follow up MRIs have not demonstrated recurrence of the meningioangiomatosis and he has been seizure free on Levetiracetam/Topiramate therapy. CONCLUSION: We speculate that there is a genetic basis to the microcephaly and meningioangiomatosis in our patient perhaps involving genes in the X chromosome, MPCH1 or ASPM genes. Further testing is warranted.
Mental Disorders Top The List Of The Most Costly Conditions In The United States: $201 Billion

Estimates of annual health spending for a comprehensive set of medical conditions are presented for the entire US population and with totals benchmarked to the National Health Expenditure Accounts. In 2013 mental disorders topped the list of most costly conditions, with spending at $201 billion.
Analgesics and Other Drugs for Relief of Pain

The analgesic of choice for a given pain patient is dictated by the origin, quality, intensity, duration, and distribution of the pain. Once the dosage has been optimized, close observation is necessary to detect side effects or iatrogenic drug dependence.
Groundwater Level Trends and Drivers in Two Northern New England Glacial Aquifers

We evaluated long-term trends and predictors of groundwater levels by month from two well-studied northern New England forested headwater glacial aquifers: Sleepers River, Vermont, 44 wells, 1992-2013; and Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, 15 wells, 1979-2004. Based on Kendall Tau tests with Sen slope determination, a surprising number of well-month combinations had negative trends (decreasing water levels) over the respective periods. Sleepers River had slightly more positive than negative trends overall, but among the significant trends (p < 0.1), negative trends dominated 67 to 40. At Hubbard Brook, negative trends outnumbered positive trends by a nearly 2:1 margin and all seven of the significant trends were negative. The negative trends occurred despite generally increasing trends in monthly and annual precipitation. This counterintuitive pattern may be a result of increased precipitation intensity causing higher runoff at the expense of recharge, such that evapotranspiration demand draws down groundwater storage. We evaluated predictors of month-end water levels by multiple regression of 18 variables related to climate, streamflow, snowpack, and prior month water level. Monthly flow and prior month water level were the two strongest predictors for most months at both sites. The predictive power and ready availability of streamflow data can be exploited as a proxy to extend limited groundwater level records over longer time periods.
Intravenous Thrombolysis Attenuates Neurologic Deterioration After Ischemic Stroke.

INTRODUCTION Although intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) is associated with neurologic deterioration (ND) caused by hemorrhage, whether it attenuates deterioration as a result of other etiologies including progressive stroke remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to determine whether IV tPA is associated with a reduced risk of ND caused by progressive stroke. METHODS A retrospective investigation of consecutively admitted patients with acute ischemic stroke (July 2008-June 2014) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset was conducted at a tertiary care center. Patients treated with IV tPA were compared with those who were not. The primary outcome was ND resulting from progressive infarction (a two-point increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score during a 24-hour period). RESULTS A total of 699 registry patients (median age 65 years, interquartile range 55-76, 48.4% women, 70.4% nonwhite) were included in the study, and 58.1% received IV tPA. In crude regression, IV tPA did not reduce the odds of ND caused by progressive infarction; however, IV tPA-treated patients were at a 55% lower odds of ND from any cause (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.61, P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, IV tPA use remained strongly associated with a 39% lower odds of ND from any cause (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.48-0.79, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although IV tPA did not correlate with a reduced odds of progressive infarction, it was significantly associated with a lower odds of ND by any mechanism.
From Citation to Recitation: Shelley’s “Men of England”

Chapter 5 argues that the radical repurposing of texts influenced the operations of nineteenth-century poetry more broadly, with an added attention to the effects of recitation. Shelley’s “Song: To the Men of England,” with its ringing call for action and its marching rhythm, was regularly put to use by Chartists and Socialists alike. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the poem was so regularly recited by radical speakers that by the late nineteenth century the poem’s most famous stanza was appearing in quotation anthologies, grammar books, and elocution manuals. This powerful poem about working-class exploitation entered the canon because of its fame in radical circles.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Modified Balance Error Scoring System in Concussed Collegiate Student Athletes.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) compared with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) in an acutely concussed population. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University athletic training room. PATIENTS Thirty-five collegiate student-athletes (18 Female, 18.9 ± 0.8 year old, height: 1.71 ± 0.12 m, weight: 76.3 ± 24.1 kg) with diagnosed concussions and baseline BESS/mBESS tests. INTERVENTIONS All participants completed the BESS and mBESS on the day after the concussion (acute) and were retested daily until their BESS score achieved baseline value (recovery). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The number of errors committed during the BESS and mBESS at each time point were recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of the BESS and mBESS compared with the baseline test was calculated for acute and recovery as well as the mBESS compared with the BESS. RESULTS At acute, the sensitivity of the BESS and mBESS were 60.0% and 71.4%, respectively. Relative to mBESS baseline, 60% of participants were misclassified at either acute or recovery. CONCLUSIONS The mBESS had higher sensitivity at acute and identified lingering deficits at BESS recovery. Use of the mBESS is likely to produce different results than the BESS; however, the clinical implications of this warrant further investigation.
Data Science for All: A Tale of Two Cities

In this poster the authors report on experiences in teaching an introductory course in Data Science at two different institutions. Their approaches were informed by the aims of their NSF-funded project: to provide insight on learning goals, central data science topics, content modules, and a framework for implementing a flipped classroom approach to introduce data science to students with various technical backgrounds. The authors, investigators on the grant mentioned above, are a collaborative team of computer scientists and a statistician working to create flipped material for an introductory data science class. After ITiCSE the materials described in the poster will continue to be available in Ensemble, at http://computingportal.org/datascienceflipped
New and Noteworthy: Just Breathe - Mindfulness and Libraries

The benefits of mindfulness practice techniques, including meditation and reflection, are the subject of several recent articles, books, and online resources.
Facile C-H Bond Metathesis Mediated by a Stannylene.

The diarylstannylene, :Sn(AriPr4)2 (AriPr4 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2), undergoes C–H metathesis with toluene, m-xylene, or mesitylene in solutions of these solvents at 80 °C. The products, [AriPr4Sn(CH2Ar)]2 (Aryl=C6H5 (1a), C6H4-3-Me (1b), C6H3-3,5-Me2(1c)) were characterized via 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, UV–vis and IR spectroscopy, and by X-ray crystallography for 1a and 1b. A stoichiometric amount of the arene, AriPr4H, was also produced in these reactions. The use of EPR spectroscopy indicated the presence of a new type of one-coordinate, tin-centered radical, :ṠnAriPr4, resulting from Sn–C bond cleavage in Sn(AriPr4)2.
Formation Dynamics of Indirect Excitons and Electron Hole Droplets in InSb

Direct band-gap semiconductor InSb is studied under intense electric fields leading to impact ionization followed by intervalley scattering. Further, fast formation of indirect excitons and Electron Hole Droplets(EHDs) is shown by time-resolved conductivity measurements.
Promoting collegial teacher supervision: applying solution-focused strategies in a clinical supervision cycle

In this study, graduate students enrolled in an instructional supervision course were taught solution-focused strategies and applied them as they engaged in a clinical supervision cycle with a prac...
Self-Concept: A look at its development and some implications for physical education teaching

(1977). Self-Concept. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 22-23.
The Effect of Minimum Wages on Nascent Entrepreneurship

This research investigates how minimum wages affect hiring decisions and performance of nascent startups. We found that when minimum wages are high nascent ventures are not less likely to hire thei...
Exploiting Role-Identifying Nouns and Expressions for Information Extraction

We present a new approach for extraction pattern learning that exploits role-identifying nouns, which are nouns whose semantics reveal the role that they play in an event (e.g., an “assassin” is a perpetrator). Given a few seed nouns, a bootstrapping algorithm automatically learns roleidentifying nouns, which are then used to learn extraction patterns. We also introduce a method to learn role-identifying expressions, which consist of a role-identifying verb linked to an event (e.g., “ participated in the murder”). We present experimental results on the MUC-4 terrorism corpus and a disease outbreaks corpus.
Imaging the Heart in the Cancer Patient

The average age of a cancer patient is 67. Sexagenarians with cancer are likely to have comorbidities at the time of diagnosis. Cancer patients > 55 years old have an average of ∼ 2.9 comorbidities, while cancer patients older than 75 have an average of 4.2 comorbidities. The likelihood of coronary artery disease as an etiology of this comorbidity increases with the age of the patient. Cardiovascular comorbidity is present in ∼ 20% of patients with neoplasm. These comorbidities increase the risk of a serious cardiovascular event during treatment. An additional risk factor is limited work capacity. If patients cannot perform 4 METS of work, their all cause mortality is increased. Patients with cancer and known cardiovascular comorbidity or risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking history, or limited work capacity should have medical clearance prior to invasive diagnostic procedures, major surgery, mediastinal radiation, and/or potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Medical clearance should include a detailed cardiovascular history and physical examination. This information will permit calculation of a clinical score (such as POSSUM) to define the risk of adverse events as a result of a major surgical procedure, blood tests to determine hematologic and renal status, and if necessary, assessment of the patients work capacity. Stress testing with imaging should be done in patients with an intermediate risk of coronary heart disease and considered in patients with limited work capacity or advanced age. In selected patients, coronary CT angiography or coronary calcium score may be a suitable evaluation. In patients with cancer of the esophagus, breast, lung, melanoma, or lymphoma, chest-CT and PET/CT studies should be carefully evaluated to detect possible pericardial or myocardial involvement.
Suspension of Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions is Ill-Advised

In this article, Professor Kahn argues that the suspension of miscellaneous itemized deductions is especially harsh and contravenes fundamental tax policy.
De la concepción instrumental de las relaciones sociales al análisis sociológico de la economía. Los límites del pensamiento económico neoinstituicional

El proposito de este articulo es revisar desde una perspectiva critica el enfoque empleado por la Neo Institutional Economics para el estudio de la naturaleza de las instituciones y sus efectos en el plano de la accion individual y organizaciona. La autora centra la discusion en los arreglos institucionales empleados para coordinar la actividad economica entre organizaciones productivas, prestando especial atencion al analisis de la variacion en materia de instituciones en el tiempo y en el espacio.
Minimizations over Geometric Extensions in Holography.

An important class of correlation measures for quantum states are the optimized correlation measures, defined as a minimization of a linear combination of von Neumann entropies over all purifications of a given state. We show that when considering such measures for holographic states, the minimum over all purifications can be achieved by only considering purifications with semi-classical geometric duals. We then apply this result to confirm the conjectured holographic duals of a large class of correlation measures, including the $n$-party squashed entanglement.
Establishing and Maintaining Multicenter Studies in Healthcare Simulation Research

Multicenter research studies are a robust research tool that—if well-executed—offer a number of benefits over single center studies, including increased sample size, greater generalizability of findings, and shared resources. However, a successful multicenter research study takes significant preparation and execution strategies, many of which have unique considerations in simulation-based research. In this chapter, we offer a framework for designing and executing multicenter simulation-based studies: (a) pre-planning phase (defining the question, conducting pilot work, assembling the team); (b) planning phase (developing protocols, identifying and recruiting collaborators, executing paperwork, disseminating protocols, training sites to comply with protocols); (c) study execution (recruitment, enrollment, quality assurance, compliance); (d) study maintenance (communication, maintenance, consistency); and, (e) data analysis and dissemination (abstracts, social media, manuscripts). This chapter serves as a guide to conducting multicenter, simulation-based research studies with a focus on quantitative research questions.
The association between regular cannabis use, with and without tobacco co-use, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: cannabis may have a greater impact in non-tobacco smokers.

Background: Understanding the potential impact of cannabis use on cardiovascular health is increasingly important as cannabis use rises in the U.S.Objectives: This study evaluated the associations ...
A versatile oscillating-flow microfluidic PCR system utilizing a thermal gradient for nucleic acid analysis

We report the development of a versatile system based on the oscillating-flow methodology in a thermal gradient system for nucleic acid analysis. Analysis of DNA and RNA samples were performed in the device, without additional temperature control and complexity. The technique reported in this study eliminates the need for predetermined fluidic channels for thermocycles, and complexity involved with additional incubation steps required for RNA amplification. A microfluidic device was fabricated using rapid prototyping by simply sandwiching dual side adhesive Kapton tape and a polydimethylsiloxane spacer between glass microscope slides. Amplification of the 181-bp segment of a viral phage DNA (ΦX174) and B2M gene in human RNA samples was demonstrated using the system. The developed system enables simultaneous acquisition of amplification and melt curves, eliminating the need for postprocessing. A direct comparison between the oscillating-flow system and a commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument showed complete agreement in PCR data and improved sample-to-result time by eliminating an additional 30 min melt curve step required in commercial PCR systems.
Creation of the Minority Genetic Professionals Network to increase diversity in the genetics work force

As diverse racial and ethnic minority populations continue to grow in the United States, the racial and ethnic diversity of the genetics workforce has remained virtually unchanged over the past 50 years. This is especially true in the genetic counseling profession where 90% of genetic counselors in the most recent Professional Status Survey reported as White. In order to improve access to genetic services and education for minority families, it is important to increase the availability of minority genetic healthcare providers. The Health Resources and Services Administration funded Western States Regional Genetics Network has created a Minority Genetic Professionals Network (MGPN) to recruit and mentor high school and undergraduate students to enter genetic professions such as genetic counseling. The MGPN has also expanded to provide support, education, and mentor matching for current practicing genetic counselors and genetic counseling students. This Network is an initial step towards developing a more diverse genetics workforce to meet the needs of diverse families in the United States.
Contact-induced change of the bandgap of semiconductors of the wurtzite structure

Progress in the synthesis of semiconductors of nanoscale structures has revived an interest in using semiconductors of different structures in the sensing of mechanical deformation through the change of photoluminescent characteristics under external stress/strain. In the heart of the deformation-induced change of photoluminescent characteristics is the deformation-induced change of the bandgap of semiconductors. In this work, we investigate the bandgap changes of bulk semiconductors of the wurtzite structure due to elastic indentation by a rigid, axisymmetric indenter. Using deformation potentials and the analytical solutions for the contact problems, we obtain closed-form solutions of the contact-induced change of the bandgaps for the elastic indentation by three different indenters of flat-ended, spherical, and conical shapes. For the elastic indentation by a flat-ended indenter, the bandgap changes are proportional to the indenter displacement/indentation load. For the elastic indentation by a spherical indenter, the bandgap changes are proportional to the cubic root of the indention load. For the elastic indentation by a conical indenter, the bandgap changes exhibit the characteristic of shape-similarity, independent of the indentation depth/load.
A structure-preserving, operator splitting scheme for reaction-diffusion equations with detailed balance

Abstract In this paper, we propose and analyze a positivity-preserving, energy stable numerical scheme for a certain type of reaction-diffusion systems involving the Law of Mass Action with the detailed balance condition. The numerical scheme is constructed based on a recently developed energetic variational formulation, in which the reaction part is reformulated in terms of reaction trajectories. The fact that both the reaction and diffusion parts dissipate the same free energy opens a path of designing an energy stable, operator splitting scheme for these systems. At the reaction stage, we solve equations of reaction trajectories by treating all the logarithmic terms in the reformulated form implicitly due to their convex nature. The positivity-preserving property and unique solvability can be theoretically proved, based on the singular behavior of the logarithmic function around the limiting value. Moreover, the energy stability of this scheme at the reaction stage can be proved by a careful convexity analysis. Similar techniques are used to establish the positivity-preserving property and energy stability for the standard semi-implicit solver at the diffusion stage. As a result, a combination of these two stages leads to a positivity-preserving and energy stable numerical scheme for the original reaction-diffusion system. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed operator splitting scheme.
Antibiotic prescription practices and opinions regarding antimicrobial resistance among veterinarians in Kentucky, USA.

Background Inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) is a global concern. Opinions of veterinarians regarding AMU and its role in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may influence their prescription practices. It is important to understand these opinions, prescription practices and their potential impact on the development of AMR in order to guide efforts to curb the problem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial prescription practices and opinions of veterinarians in Kentucky regarding AMU and AMR. Methods This cross-sectional study used a 30-question survey questionnaire administered to veterinarians who were members of the Kentucky Veterinary Medical Association. Survey responses from 101 participants were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed and associations between categorical variables assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Firth logistic models were used to investigate predictors of “Compliance with prescription policies” and “Cost of antimicrobial affects prescription decisions”. Results Almost all (93%) respondents indicated that improper AMU contributed to selection for AMR. A total of 52% of the respondents believed that antimicrobials were appropriately prescribed, while the remaining 48% believed that antimicrobials were inappropriately prescribed. Significant predictors of compliance with prescription policies were availability of prescription policy at the veterinary facility (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.2; p<0.001) and over-prescription (OR = 0.35; p = 0.025). Similarly, significant predictors of cost of antimicrobials affecting prescription decisions were lack of post-graduate training (OR = 8.3; p = 0.008) and practice type, with large animal practices having significantly lower odds of the outcome (OR = 0.09; p = 0.004) than small animal practices. Conclusion Most veterinarians indicated that improper AMU contributed to selection for AMR. Since the odds of compliance with prescription policies were 4-times higher among veterinarians working at facilities that had prescription policies compared to those at facilities that didn’t, more veterinary facilities should be encouraged to adopt prescription policies to help improve compliance and reduce AMR. Veterinarians would also benefit from continued professional education to help improve prescription practices, antimicrobial stewardship and curb AMR.