cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomic relationship between the spermatic cord and the pubic tubercle: are our clamps injuring the cord during symphyseal repair?

Objective Traditional repair of the disrupted pubic symphysis includes application of pointed clamps to the pubic tubercles and/or pubic body for fracture reduction. Recent studies have reported rates of sexual dysfunction of 42%-90% after repair of these injuries. The purpose of this study is to define the anatomy of the spermatic cord relative to the pubic tubercle and other local structures to assess the risk of sustaining an iatrogenic injury during clamp placement. Methods Eight intact lower-half fresh male human cadavers were dissected. A window of skin and subcutaneous tissue was excised to expose the low abdominal wall and penile root. Pubic tubercles were identified by palpation and marked. The spermatic cord was identified at the superficial inguinal ring and followed into the scrotum, and any anatomical abnormalities were recorded. The relationship and distance of the spermatic cord to the pubic tubercle, insertion of the inguinal ligament and abdominal wall musculature, and pubic symphysis were recorded. Photographs were taken of the superficial and deep anatomy. Results Spermatic cords were found to follow a consistent course after exiting the inguinal canal at the lower abdomen: they coursed inferior and medial to a position lateral to the pubic tubercles. In all cases, the spermatic cord lay adjacent, directly lateral to the tubercle with an average separation of 0.8 mm (range, 0-2 mm). The average distances from the lateral aspect of the tubercle and the medial border of the spermatic cord to the pubic symphysis were 26 and 27 mm, respectively. Qualitatively, even with direct visualization, it was not feasible to apply a pointed tenaculum to the pubic tubercles without piercing the spermatic cord, unless one manually retracted the latter. Conclusions The spermatic cord is located lateral and immediately adjacent to the pubic tubercle after it exits the inguinal canal and passes into the scrotum. As such, the spermatic cord seems to be at a significant risk of sustaining injury when pointed forceps are placed on the tubercles, as is often recommended during the repair of pubic diastasis.
Restoring Human Capabilities After Punishment: Our Political Responsibilities Toward Incarcerated Americans

Why should non-incarcerated Americans invest in the wellbeing of incarcerated Americans? To date, our public discourse about penal reform has avoided this question, focusing on pragmatic reasons for facilitating “prisoner reentry” and “reintegration” while shelving unresolved, and deeply contested, philosophical questions about criminal justice and punishment. As a result, we as a society have engaged in much data-driven policy talk about the economic costs and benefits of reducing recidivism, but little normative reflection about the rights and responsibilities held by incarcerated adults who are at once human beings, members of society, persons convicted of crimes, victims of inhumane punishment – and, often, survivors of poverty. Thus, my first task is to clarify the individual and collective obligations that apply within our context of mass incarceration: the moral responsibilities that are held by and toward incarcerated Americans, non-incarcerated Americans, and our shared public institutions. My second task is to draw out implications for policy and discourse: to explain not only what reform measures we should prioritize, but how we should frame and assess them. In particular, I call for systemic changes that would provide all incarcerated Americans with opportunities to pursue higher education and to develop redemptive self-narratives; and I argue that we should frame and assess such measures not primarily as cost-saving devices, but as ethically significant efforts to secure capabilities that are essential to human flourishing and required by justice. In setting forth these arguments, my purpose is to spark deeper ethical reflection about correctional reform, and specifically to invite meaningful engagement with one key normative question: What do we, as a civilized society with a history of social and penal injustice, owe incarcerated Americans? Ultimately, I wish to underscore that the people confined in our prisons have legitimate moral claims upon us – insofar as they remain human beings and members of society and, as such, bearers of rights as well as responsibilities. Equally, I wish to establish that, in our collective efforts to repair the harms of mass incarceration, we can and should empower those Americans most directly harmed by our penal system to lead the way in transforming it.
Behavioral Interventions for Parasomnias

Parasomnias are phenomena which may arise from NREM sleep (confusional arousals, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking) or REM sleep (nightmares). All are more common in children. While generally benign and outgrown with age, they may come to clinical attention when sufficiently disruptive to the patient or the patient’s family and in some cases may pose significant safety concerns. In addition to proper preventative measures, behavioral techniques—such as alteration of sleep timings, implementation of scheduled awakenings, and psychotherapy—are important tools in the clinician’s armamentarium. Research into the effectiveness of these interventions primarily consists of case series. However, particularly in the treatment of nightmare disorder, several randomized controlled studies also support their use and in fact suggest they may equally if not more effective as pharmacotherapy for treatment of these common sleep disorders.
Monitor and Control System of Hydrostatic Testing for Christmas Tree Equipment

According to the technology process and operation requirement of hydrostatic testing equipment for christmas tree equipment,the data acquisition and control model of "sensor+PLC+computer+configuration software" was put forward.Based on the MCGS 6.2 configuration software,the monitor software,the control software,and the data communication software of the hydrostatic testing equipment for christmas tree equipment are developed.The test has proved that the monitor and control system can be run in perfect stability and reliability.
Occupational Hazard Control Effect in Technological Transformation Project of An Automobile Fittings Factory

Objective To evaluate the occupational hazard control effect in technological transformations project of an automobile fittings factory.Method The assessment was made according to the requests of the "Technical Guidelines for Effect Assessment for Occupational Hazard Control in Construction Project".Results The examining result of the main occupational hazard factors of this technological transformation project demonstrated that:the noise exceeding the allowed figure in 2 work posts i.e.Lex.8h=85.5 and 102.1 dB(A),and other various examining result of the occupational hazard factors had not surpass the national stipulation of the occupational exposures limits.Conclusion The occupational hazard protection control measure adopted for this technological transformation project conforms to"Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises",and the occupational hazard control effect,has been basically achieved.
Treatment of growth hormone deficiency.

With the availability of unlimited quantities of human growth hormone (hGH) produced by biosynthetic technology, the only remaining limiting factor is that of high cost. This paper will discuss treatment in hypopituitarism only. We can ask ourselves a number of questions
Bending the Cost Curve in Childhood Cancer

Healthcare for children with cancer costs significantly more than other children. Cost reduction efforts aimed toward relatively small populations of patients that use a disproportionate amount of care, like childhood cancer, could have a dramatic impact on healthcare spending. The aims of this review are to provide stakeholders with an overview of the drivers of financial costs of childhood cancer and to identify possible directions to curb or decrease these costs. Costs are incurred throughout the spectrum of care. Recent trends in pharmaceutical costs, evidence identifying the contribution of administration costs, and overuse of surveillance studies are described. Awareness of cost and value, i.e., the outcome achieved per dollar or burden spent, in delivery of care and research is necessary to bend the cost curve. Incorporation of these dimensions of care requires methodology development, prioritization, and ethical balance.
Monoclonal and oligoclonal gammopathy after bone marrow transplantation.

Serial serum protein electrophoreses were performed on 60 patients undergoing allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). More than 50% of patients (31 of 60) developed transient oligoclonal and monoclonal gammopathies that appeared an average of 84 days posttransplantation (range 27 to 336 days) and persisted an average of 175 days (range 14 to 652 days). Immunofixation analysis revealed 82% of the M components to be of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) type and 18% to be IgM; 56% were kappa and 44% were lambda. A strong correlation between development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and appearance of M components was observed (73% incidence in GVHD patients v 27% in non-GVHD patients, P = .0003). Two of the three syngeneic graft recipients also developed monoclonal gammopathies. Evidence of oligoclonal circulating B-cell populations was found in 68% of patients posttransplantation by flow cytometric B-cell clonal excess assay. No correlation of recovery of particular B- or T-lymphocyte subsets and development of M components was seen. The development of transient oligoclonal and monoclonal gammopathies after transplantation may be a ubiquitous finding reflecting recapitulation of early B-cell ontogeny.
Exact solution of the area reactivity model of an isolated pair

We investigate the reversible diusion-inuenced reaction of an isolated pair in two space dimensions in the context of the area reactivity model. We compute the exact Green’s function in the Laplace domain for the initially unbound molecule. Furthermore, we calculate the exact expression for the Green’s function in the time domain by inverting the Laplace transform via the Bromwich contour integral. The obtained results should be useful for comparing the behavior of the area reactivity model with more conventional models based on contact reactivity.
Temperature dependence of ultrasonic backscattered energy in images compensated for tissue motion

Noninvasive temperature imaging would enhance the ability to uniformly heat tumors at therapeutic levels. Ultrasound is an attractive modality for this purpose. Previously, we predicted monotonic changes in ultrasonic backscattered energy (CBE) for certain sub wavelength scatterers. We measured CBE values similar to our predictions in bovine liver, turkey breast, and pork rib in 1D. Those measurements were corrected manually for changes in the axial position of scatterers with temperature. To investigate the effect of temperature on CBE in 2D, we imaged 1-cm thick samples of bovine liver during heating in a water bath from 37 to 50/spl deg/C. Images were formed by a Terason 2000 imager with a 7 MHz linear probe. Employing RF signals from the Terason 2000 (courtesy Teratech Corp.) permitted the use of cross-correlation as a similarity measure for automatic tracking of feature displacement as a function of temperature. Tissue motion across the specimen was non-uniform with typical total displacements of 0.5 to 1 mm in both axial and lateral directions. Tissue motion in 8 image regions was tracked from 37 to 50/spl deg/C in 0.5/spl deg/C steps. Motion compensated image regions were demodulated with the Hilbert transform and smoothed with a 3/spl times/3 running average filter before forming the backscattered energy at each pixel. Our measure of CBE compared means of both the positive and negative changes in the BE images. CBE changed monotonically by about 4 dB at 50/spl deg/C from its value at 37/spl deg/C. Relatively noise-free CBE curves from tissue volumes of less than 1 cm/sup 3/ supports the use of CBE for temperature estimation. Motion in 3D will affect CBE values, but because beam width in elevation is larger than the lateral width, effects of motion in elevation on CBE may be less. Thus, we expect CBE to support temperature estimation in 3D. Furthermore, because CBE exploits inherent tissue inhomogeneities, extension to in vivo applications is a genuine prospect.
62. Twain’s the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter I

(1965). 62. Twain’s the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter I. The Explicator: Vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 120-123.
GaN CVD Reactions: Hydrogen and Ammonia Decomposition and the Desorption of Gallium Michael

Isotopic labeling experiments have revealed correlations between hydrogen reactions, Ga desorption, and ammonia decomposition in GaN CVD. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were used to demonstrate that hydrogen atoms are available on the surface for reaction after exposing GaN(0001) to deuterium at elevated temperatures. Hydrogen reactions also lowered the temperature for Ga desorption significantly. Ammonia did not decompose on the surface before hydrogen exposure. However, after hydrogen reactions altered the surface, N15H3 did undergo both reversible and irreversible decomposition. This also resulted in the desorption of N2 of mixed isotopes below the onset of GaN sublimation. This suggests that the driving force of the high nitrogen-nitrogen bond strength (226 kcal/mol) can lead to the removal of nitrogen from the substrate when the surface is nitrogen rich. Overall, these findings indicate that hydrogen can influence GaN CVD significantly, being a common factor in the reactivity of the surface, the desorption of Ga, and the decomposition of ammonia.
Examining espoused and enacted values in AACSB assurance of learning

ABSTRACTThe authors explore the disconnect between espoused and enacted values in assurance of learning activities—assessment is said to be encouraged, valued, and rewarded—but is it? The data from an analysis of 200 pages of the contractual rules (bylaws) for reappointment, tenure, and promotion at Central Michigan University demonstrate little emphasis and little reward for faculty engagement in assessment activities. Recommendations for closing the gap between espoused and enacted values are made.
Integrity and justice: what is required of free market participants?

The purpose of this article is to present an account of integrity and justice in a free market. The article seeks to answer the question, “When evaluating integrity, what does justice require of free market participants?” using historical, philosophical, and economic perspectives. The answer to this question can guide researchers and practitioners to better evaluate market participants and their integrity or counterfeit integrity. Market participants include corporations, investors, employees, communities, unions, consumers and governments within the context of democratic institutions. The article first outlines an account of integrity that explains the connection between integrity attributions and the moral community. Adam Smith’s ideal model of a free market and several critiques from a justice perspective are then presented. A review of different accounts of justice follows and it is argued that defining justice as desert (that is, give others what they are owed) avoids irreconcilable justice accounts and increases transparency. Using the accounts of integrity and justice situated in a free market, a description is provided of the implications of these accounts by analyzing how two companies, Apple and McDonald’s, demonstrate integrity or counterfeit integrity in regards to the justice issues of wealth inequality and low wages. This article is published as part of a collection on integrity and its counterfeits.
Laccase–natural mediator systems for “green” synthesis of phenolic monomers from alkali lignin

Being a major byproduct of pulp and paper industry, lignin has attracted attention as a source of high-value organic chemicals, e.g. phenolic monomers that can be produced by lignin enzymatic treatment. In this study, the alkali lignin was treated by the laccase of Trametes versicolor (LTV) and laccase of Myceliophthora thermophila (LMT) laccases with or without natural mediator methyl syringate (MS). After treatment, the lignin pore volume has been increased by 66% and 167% for LTV–MS and LMT–MS systems, respectively. The mass balance analysis confirms that the 5 wt% LTV–5 wt% MS (LTV–MS (5, 5)) system produces 40 wt% more of the organic compounds than the 5 wt% LMT–5 wt% MS (LMT–MS (5, 5)) system, thus demonstrating higher efficiency of the LTV–MS toward lignin decomposition. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis indicates that after lignin treatment with LTV–MS more phenolic products are produced in comparison to LMT–MS, among them 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde has the highest relative yield of 34.7 and 23.8 wt% for LTV–MS and LMT–MS systems, respectively. Pyrolysis-GCMS (pyr-GCMS) of the solid-state lignin residue after its treatment with laccase–mediator system (LMS) confirms significant enrichment of the solid-state lignin surface with phenolic groups. The total organic carbon (TOC) analysis shows that 38.76 mg L−1 of the organic carbon is produced by the LTV–MS (5, 5) system. A decrease in the decomposition temperature by 4 °C for the lignin sample treated by the LTV–MS (in comparison to LMT–MS) obtained from the thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis confirms superior performance of the LTV–MS vs. LMT–MS system. A comparative study of the enzymatically active systems with two laccases and a natural mediator applied to the alkali lignin has been performed. This study highlights an important role of the laccase in combination with a mediator methyl syringate for production of high-value phenolic monomers.
Dynamic response of three floaters supporting vertical axis wind turbines due to wind excitation

Abstract Floating vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are potential solutions for wind energy harvesting in deep-water oceans. The platform design has a great impact on the overall dynamic behaviors of the system. In this study, the dynamic responses of three floating VAWT models under wind excitations were tested in a water tank facility. A three-bladed H-rotor VAWT model with a geometric scale of 1:100 was used and fixed onto three floating platforms inspired by offshore oil rigs and floating wind turbine prototypes. The three platforms, i.e. single-spar, tri-floater, and hepta-spar, represent a deep draft, a strong buoyancy, and a hybrid conceptual model, respectively. The natural frequency of these models has been determined in free-decay tests. In the experiments, six degrees-of-freedom forces/moments were measured in a fixed coordinate setup and the free motion acceleration data were recorded in floating-coordinate tests. Results suggest the mean surging forces are similar for three models, but the mean pitching moments are different due to different floating platform designs. Dynamic loadings are significant for all force/moment components except for the yawing moment. Frequency domain analysis suggests dynamic loadings are dominated by the fundamental rotational frequency and its third harmonic. Despite of these common characteristics, three floating VAWT models show significantly different dynamic loadings and free motion accelerations under the same wind excitation. Due to scaling limitations, the dynamic motion and force data obtained in the present study could not be directly used for full-scale applications. However, the test result reveals the characteristics of fluid-structural interaction of three potential floating VAWT designs, and experimental data could provide validation benchmarks for future reduced-scale computational modeling
BioMEMS for drug delivery applications

Publisher Summary This chapter delineates current efforts for the development of novel, micro technology assisted modalities for the delivery of pharmaceuticals, which may help address the needs. Biodegradable polymer nanoparticles can provide sustained release from layers of diffuse drugs. Remote controlled-release may include sensing magnetic fields ultrasound and electric current which in itself naturally suggests the integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and bioMEMS technologies on the drug-delivery platform. The chapter also focuses on reviewing current micro technology-based drug-delivery devices and enabling technologies, and in particular micro fabricated needles, nanoporous membranes, implantable devices, and microcapsules for oral and parenteral drug delivery. Drug delivery technology is envisioned to support new neuro pharmacology research for treatment of neurological disorders. The implantable drug-delivery system incorporates multiple complex functionalities that can allow for self or remotely regulated dispensation of precisely controlled therapeutic agents. A large number of new biological drugs are being discovered, developed, and licensed that translates into expected further growth of the pharmaceutical market and the demand for alternative drug delivery device.
Models for the Origin and Evolution of the Earth-Moon System

The origin of the Moon remains an unsolved problem. In spite of the claims of the ruling paradigm investigators, the GIANT IMPACT MODEL (GIM) is a disappointment when it comes to explaining many of the major features of the Earth and Moon. It appears to be especially inadequate to explain the facts associated with the COOL EARLY EARTH MODEL.
Hypoxia in the Pathogenesis of Retinal Disease

Oxygen cannot passively diffuse for more than a radius of 100 µm around capillaries. As a result, adequate O2 supply to each cell depends on effective regulation of the integrity and function of the vascular network. On the other hand, high O2 tissue levels would result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cellular damage. Therefore, an optimal O2 concentration is needed to avoid hypoxia or ROS-mediated cellular injury. The retinal tissue is very active metabolically and, therefore, exquisitely dependent on adequate O2 supply for its function [4]. The delivery of oxygen to the retina is dependent not only on systemic blood pressure, hemoglobin content and integrity of local vasculature, but on the level of intraocular pressure and local autoregulatory mechanisms as well. Hypoxia and its sequelae are implicated in the pathogenesis of most retinal diseases, especially those that involve pathologic neovascularization. This is due to the potent stimulation of production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 pathway, in response to hypoxia.
Perturbation of Micellar Size and Charge by Addition of t-Amyl Alcohol

We have investigated the influence of dilute tertiary amyl alcohol (t-AmOH) on micellar size and charge by dynamic light scattering using two related surfactant/salt systems: CTABr (C16H33N(CH3)3-Br) + NaBr, and CTAC1 (C16H33)N(CH3)3C1) + NaCl. These were chosen because of their contrasting sensitivity to added salt with respect to micellar growth. For CTABr there is substantial growth at 25°C for [NaBr] > 0.05M, whereas for CTAC1 there is negligible growth below [NaCl] ∼ 1M. We measured the micellar diffusion coefficient D as a function of [surfactant] and [salt] at 25°C over the range 0.25% ≤ [t-AmOH] ≤ 7% (w/w) , approaching the solubility limit of t-AmOH in water, ca. 11%. We focused our attention on relatively low salt concentrations, where interlicellar interactions are predominantly repulsive and micellar growth is either small-to-moderate (CTABr) or negligible (CTAC1). For the CTACl-related ternary system we applied linear interaction theory (with a DLVO-type pair potential) to estimate the hydrodynamic radius Rh and fractional ionization a, from fits to D vs [surfactant] for various [salt]. Over the range of t-AmOH investigated, in general Rh decreases and a increases somewhat with increasing [t-AmOH], consistent with previous findings in the literature.
Is political knowledge unique

Survey research shows that voters know very little about politics. Left unexamined is whether political knowledge is a distinct type of knowledge when compared to other subjects. We seek to establish a baseline by putting political knowledge into a broader context. We show that our respondents’ knowledge about politics is similar in construction to their knowledge about other subjects, such as shopping, sports, popular culture, geography, economics, and the rules of the road. We conclude that knowledge of politics largely resides on the same dimension as other knowledge topics, implying that knowledge of politics is not a unique construct.
Build Your Own Leadership Model

One of the primary objectives of the IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS) is to provide support to engineers in their transition to leaders/managers. It is a good idea to have a professional reading list that includes the topic of leadership. EMR is a valuable part of your reading list and includes a focus on leadership. Once you have thought about your own leadership and have read about the topic, it is time to develop your own leadership model. In this paper, I will show you how.
Safety in Body Contouring

The massive weight loss patient consultation begins with a comprehensive history of weight loss, including greatest and lowest weights. This information provides important insight into the health of the patient prior to surgery. This chapter provides further details about the consultation including past medical history, surgical history, nutrition, lifestyle, and medical comorbidities. Optimizing patients prior to surgery can avoid post-operative complications and disappointment for both the patient and surgeon. Patient safety includes managing expectations as well as potential complications such as need for transfusion, delayed wound healing, and blood clots. Preparation for challenging recoveries is also discussed.
The impact of field experiences on prospective preservice teachers’ technology integration beliefs and intentions

Abstract This study investigated how field experiences impacted the technology integration beliefs and intentions of prospective preservice teachers. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), a three-way interaction between the type, frequency, and quality of field technology observations predicted changes in beliefs and intentions. Beliefs about the utility of technology directly predicted intentions to use technology and intentions to use Meaningful Learning approaches to technology integration. Additionally, beliefs about technology’s importance in education indirectly predicted both variables. Positive impacts of field experiences on beliefs and intentions only existed when prospective preservice teachers saw technology used frequently by skilled teachers using Meaningful Learning approaches.
A Gene-Based Classification of Primary Adrenocortical Hyperplasias

Primary or adrenocorticotropin-independent adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias represent a heterogeneous group of adrenocortical neoplasms that arise from various genetic defects, either in isolation or familial. The traditional classification as adenomas, hyperplasias, and carcinomas is non-specific. The recent identification of various germline and somatic genes in the development of primary adrenocortical hyperplasias has provided important new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of adrenal diseases. In this new era of personalized care and genetics, a gene-based classification that is more specific is required to assist in the understanding of their disease processes, hormonal functionality and signaling pathways. Additionally, a gene-based classification carries implications for treatment, genetic counseling and screening of asymptomatic family members. In this review, we discuss the genetics of benign adrenocorticotropin-independent adrenocortical hyperplasias, and propose a new gene-based classification system and diagnostic algorithm that may aid the clinician in prioritizing genetic testing, screening and counseling of affected, at risk individuals and their relatives.
Congenital lung overinflation secondary to a unilateral obstructing mediastinal bronchogenic cyst

Abstract We present the case of a 39 week-gestational age female infant who, following an uncomplicated pregnancy developed progressively worsening respiratory distress. She was diagnosed with a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst which was intermittently occluding the left mainstem bronchus, leading to overinflation of the left lung, mediastinal shift with the heart in the right chest and a hypoplastic right lung. Despite luminal stenting, the left lung remained enlarged with the right lung hypoinflated. Interestingly, there was no physiologic consequences to the significant mediastinal shift. We hypothesize that the process began in utero where the bronchogenic cyst caused unilateral bronchial occlusion triggering left lung hyperplasia. The cyst was resected without complication and the patient suffered no further respiratory issues.
An annotated data set for identifying women reporting adverse pregnancy outcomes on Twitter.

Abstract Despite the prevalence in the United States of miscarriage [1] , stillbirth [2] , and infant mortality associated with preterm birth and low birthweight [3] , their causes remain largely unknown [4] , [5] , [6] . To advance the use of social media data as a complementary resource for epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes, we present a data set of 6487 tweets that mention miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth or premature labor, low birthweight, neonatal intensive care, or fetal/infant loss in general. These tweets are a subset of 22,912 tweets retrieved by applying hand-written regular expressions to a database containing more than 400 million public tweets posted by more than 100,000 women who have announced their pregnancy on Twitter [7] . Two professional annotators labeled the 6487 tweets in a binary fashion, distinguishing those potentially reporting that the user has personally experienced the outcome (“outcome” tweets) from those that merely mention the outcome (“non-outcome” tweets). Inter-annotator agreement was κ = 0.90 (Cohen's kappa). The tweets annotated as “outcome” include 1318 women reporting miscarriage, 94 stillbirth, 591 preterm birth or premature labor, 171 low birthweight, 453 neonatal intensive care, and 356 fetal/infant loss in general. These “outcome” tweets can be used to explore patient experiences and perceptions of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and can direct researchers to the users’ broader timelines—tweets posted by a user over time—for observational studies. Our past work demonstrates the analysis of timelines for selecting a study population [8] and conducting a case-control study [9] of users reporting that their child has a birth defect. For larger-scale studies, the full annotated corpus can be used to train supervised machine learning algorithms to automatically identify additional users reporting adverse pregnancy outcomes on Twitter. We used the annotated corpus to train feature-engineered and deep learning-based classifiers presented in “A natural language processing pipeline to advance the use of Twitter data for digital epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes” [10] .
Cytotypes of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in Europe: widespread diploids and scattered triploids of likely multiple origin

Abstract Polyploidization is an important speciation and evolution mechanism in ferns. Initially, new cytotypes face challenges in maintaining themselves within the majority cytotype populations. Unlike in most even-ploidy cytotypes, fern triploids are often apomictic or infertile, due to genetic imbalance. An interesting opportunity to study these phenomena has emerged with the discovery of triploid bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), a triploid fern that is fertile but not apomictic. Originally found in one Welsh population, the distribution of this cytotype in Europe is unknown as is its origin and how it maintains itself among the presumed diploid majority. We sampled 135 populations of P. aquilinum, focusing on Central Europe. Ploidy level of all samples was analyzed by flow cytometry. We compared the two cytotypes via micromorphological characters (spore and stomata size), fertility characteristics (spore abortion and proportion of populations with sporangia-bearing fronds). Additionally, genetic difference between ploidy levels was tested as well. The diploid cytotype of P. aquilinum is dominant in continental Europe with 121 entirely diploid populations found, but we also found 9 mixed and 5 entirely triploid populations. Fertile diploid and triploid plants were found only in 17.7% and 21.4% of populations, respectively. The cytotypes are distinguishable using both tested micromorphological characters, but stomata are more reliable due to overall reduced fertility. Unlike the Welsh specimen, our tested triploid has most spores aborted, ca 97.4%, compared to mean 6.0% of spores aborted in diploids. The triploid cytotype is rare and likely originated multiple times from the diploids and relies on clonal and possibly limited sexual reproduction to maintain itself. However, diploids and triploids are often genetically different within a population, indicating that the triploid may migrate between populations. Due to its vegetative growth and presumed continuous formation, the triploid cytotype is likely to remain established in Central Europe, although in small numbers.
Potential flow in a multiply connected circle domain using series methods

Abstract We study series solutions to potential flow over an assembly of disks in the complex plane. Boundary value problems are solved for both streaming flow uniform at infinity and flow with circulation using Laurent series. If the circles are the images of multi-element airfoils under conformal mapping, the circulations around the disks can be found so that the combined flow satisfies the Kutta condition at the preimages of the trailing edges. Some comparisons with other methods for computing the flow, such as reflection methods, will be given.
Analysis of Tipping-Curve Acceptance Criteria for Ground-Based Radiometer Calibration

The tipping-curve method is widely used to provide the cold calibration point for calibration of ground-based radiometers. Statistical analysis of the opacity air mass pairs have been used as measures of the tip curve quality, but the choice of acceptance criteria has been subjective. An analysis of the tipping curve acceptance criteria was accomplished by simulation of a total power radiometer under non stratified conditions due to perturbations of water vapor content. Relationships between the root mean square error (RMSE) in zenith brightness temperature and regression coefficient were examined. While the RMSE decreased with increasing regression coefficient, a stringent acceptance criteria did not ensure accuracy likely due to the presence of net horizontal gradients. On the other hand, for radiometers with multiple channels the standard deviation of brightness temperature measurements of a reference black body, also known as spectral consistency, was found to be a robust indicator of calibration accuracy.
Deutsche Bank: Restructure, Change, and Trust

This public-sourced case describes Deutsche Bank and what leaders called its most fundamental transformation in decades to frame a discussion on how the current CEO, Christian Sewing, chooses to reshape the global bank. Notable were plans to reduce Deutsche Bank's footprint in investment banking and reorganize management. The material offers a short history of prior restructuring efforts that allow for an opportunity to discuss what Deutsche Bank's core business is and who the bank should serve. What part of its identity and history should Deutsche Bank embrace and which should be discarded or downplayed? Amid a wave of poor performance, public criticism, and loss of public trust, how should leaders at the bank deal with each? The case also describes key banking performance metrics (e.g., ROE, ROA) and other critical variables such as those reflecting capital health (Tier 1 ratio). It also gives an overview of the bank business model and factors impacting bank profitability and value. Excerpt UVA-F-1962 Jan. 27, 2021 Deutsche Bank: Restructure, Change, and Trust On July 7, 2019, Deutsche Bank issued a statement that reverberated throughout Germany and the world. Today we have announced the most fundamental transformation of Deutsche Bank in decades, CEO Christian Sewing said. We are tackling what is necessary to unleash our true potential. The scale of the revamp was massive and signaled a fundamental rethinking of the bank's business model, organization, and goals for the future. Notable were plans to reduce Deutsche Bank's footprint in investment banking and reorganize management. What is sad for 20,000 bankers and traders, compliance and support staff is good news for investors who have seen their shares fall 80% in 10 years, said Tom Braithwaite from the Financial Times. It should be a relief, too, for the German taxpayer, who has remained the ultimate backstop for this hulking too big to fail' institution. The bank also announced that it would not distribute a dividend the first time that had happened in over a quarter-century. Given the bank's continuing challenges, the announcement was far from a surprise as financial markets, the press, investors, governments, and competitors had been anticipating some action. Indeed, earlier statements from Deutsche Bank signaled impending change. For instance, at the annual shareholders meeting two months earlier (May 23), top management had stated: . . .
What sugar does to your pores

FG-repeat nucleoporins at the center of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are highly modified with O-GlcNAc. In this issue, Yoo and Mitchison (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010141) use optogenetic probes to show that O-GlcNAc enhances permeability of the NPC, accelerating transport in both directions.
75–86-GHz Signal Generation Using a Phase-Controlled Quadrature-Push Quadrupler Driven by a QVCO or a Tunable Polyphase Filter

This article demonstrates a $W$ -band local-oscillator generation technique in 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with high output power and high efficiency. The circuit employs a frequency quadrupler that is driven with differential quadrature inputs that are provided by either a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) or a tunable active polyphase filter (PPF) circuit. The quadrupler employs a phase-controlled quadrature-push (PCQP) topology using stacked devices with a lower class-C common-emitter (CE) amplifier generating a current that is then modulated by an upper common-base (CB) amplifier driven out-of-phase with the lower devices. Such a structure generates a strong fourth-order harmonic. Four such stacks driven at their input using accurate differential quadrature signals increase the fourth-harmonic output power while suppressing other harmonics. The differential quadrature signals for the quadrupler are provided using either a PPF circuit or a capacitive injection-locking QVCO, which achieves wide tuning range and low phase noise. Both approaches are evaluated through the measurement of separate test circuits. The LO circuit using the QVCO provides 8–11.5-dBm output power over 75.2–83 GHz, power efficiency of 2.2–4.1%, including QVCO and buffer power, >20-dB harmonic rejection in the lower frequency range, and >14.4-dB harmonic rejection in the upper frequency range. The LO circuit using the active PPF provides 8.4–11.2-dBm output power over 75.6–82.8 GHz, power efficiency of 2.4–4.8%, including PPF and buffer power, and >23-dB harmonic rejection.
Cardiovascular Interactions Tutorial: Architecture and Design

This work examines the design and architecture of a delivery system for a computerized, interactive tutorial on the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Emphasis in this paper is on the mechanisms used to coordinate the user's Lab Workbook, subject-oriented Information file, and the cardiovascular interaction (CVI) simulation model. Techniques described are sufficiently generic to allow for different tutorial content and/or different simulation models. Implementation uses Visual Basic and deployment is CDROM-based.
Safer derivatives of bacteriophage λgt.λC for use in cloning of recombinant DNA molecules

THOMAS et al.1 have constructed a mutant strain of bacteriophage λ (λgt.λC) which is especially well suited to studies involving the cloning of recombinant DNA molecules. Specifically, this bacteriophage, deleted of 15% of its genome, has only two EcoRI restriction endonuclease sites which, when cleaved, reduce the phage chromosome to three DNA fragments. The larger of these, the right- and left-hand arms of the chromosome, encode all functions necessary for lytic infection. The smaller, central fragment consisting of approximately 5.000 base pairs encodes the λ attachment site, the Int and Xis functions and a necessary part of the λ-generalised recombination system, but no genes necessary for phage propagation. Although left- and right-hand restriction fragments have all necessary λ genes, they seem to lack sufficient length of DNA for packaging into a viable phage particle1. This provides a powerful positive selection for recombinant DNA molecules consisting of isolated and rejoined right and left restriction fragments which have also incorporated a fragment of foreign DNA restoring the λ chromosome to viable size.
The mystery of the vanishing benefits : Ms. Speedy Analyst's introduction to evaluation

This entertaining introduction to the concepts and methods of impact evaluation - as seen through the eyes of Ms. Speedy Analyst - assumes readers are familiar with basic statistics up to regression analysis (as covered in an introductory text on econometrics). The setting for this good-natured training guide for impact evaluation is the fictional developing country Labas. Twelve months ago the government introduced an antipoverty program in Northwest Labas with support from the World Bank. The program aims to provide cash transfers to poor families with school-age children. To be eligible to receive the transfer, households must have observable characteristics that suggest they are poor. To continue receiving the transfer, they must keep their children in school until 18 years of age. The program is called PROSCOL. The government wants to assess PROSCOL's impact on poverty, to help decide whether the program should be expanded or dropped. The Finance Minister asks the undersecretary, and the under-secretary calls in Ms. Speedy Analyst. Ms. Speedy Analyst's on-the-job training in how to assess the impact of a social program provides the vehicle through which this paper explains: Methods of evaluating a program's impact - randomizing, matching, reflexive comparisons, double difference (or difference in difference) methods, and instrumental variables methods. The types of data used for impact evaluation, typical problems with and uses of data, control variables, instrumental variables, regressions, and so on. How to form and match comparison groups. Sources of bias. The value of baseline surveys. Measures of poverty (headcount index, poverty gap index, and squared poverty gap). How to compare poverty with and without the program. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to provide useful training tools for Bank staff.
Pastoral and the Poetics of Self-Contradiction: Introduction: “Remedies themselves complain”: pastoral poetry, pastoral criticism

Alas! I look for Ease in vain, When Remedies themselves complain. Marvell, “Damon the Mower” This study had a dual genesis: I wished to account for the persistence of the “antipastoral” in pastoral poetry and to arrive at an interpretation of the Renaissance texts that seemed to me to exemplify the problems signaled by that term – the lyrics of Andrew Marvell. Traditionally, the dominant practice among critics of Renaissance poetry has been to view pastoral as a static, idealizing genre, whose goal was the recovery of an Edenic past – a goal that pastoral poets pursued by creating images of idyllicism within their works, and by imitating their predecessors as closely as possible. Poets who failed to meet these criteria – and the list could include every canonical Renaissance poet – were regularly exempted from the genre, and characterized as “antipastoral.” In looking back at classical pastoral, however, I found not a stable origin from which later works deviated, but a mode that worked insistently against itself, problematizing both its own definition and stable definitions within its texts: from the beginning of the genre, presence, continuity, and consolation have been seen as related to – indeed as dependent on – absence, discontinuity, and loss. While the term “antipastoral” seemed, therefore, to be clearly reductive from one perspective, it also clearly answered to a fundamental self-contradictoriness within the genre – a contradictoriness that is frequently registered self-consciously in pastoral poems: the quotation from Marvell that I have chosen for the title of this section could apply to any of the texts I examine, although its paradoxical implications would resonate differently with every one.
COMO MELHORAR O ENSINO DO PORTUGUÊS NA ESCOLA

No presente artigo, oferecemos uma proposta de quatro oficinasou encontros pedagogicos para a melhoria do Ensino do Portugues naEscola, especialmente o Ensino Fundamental. Tomaremos como paradigmapara acao pedagogica a contribuicao da Linguistica, Psicolinguisticae Psicologia Cognitiva. As sugestoes a seguir podem ser aplicadasao proprio ambiente de trabalho, isto e, na escola e em servico,reunindo professores-formadores e professores em formacao continuaou continuada.
Hypoxia causes ischemic bowel necrosis in rats : the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether)

Abstract We have previously shown that injection of plateletactivating factor causes necrotizing enterocolitis in the rat and that platelet-activating factor is an endogenous mediator in lipopolysaccharide-induced bowel necrosis. Because hypoxia is a known predisposing factor for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on platelet-activating factor formation and intestinal necrosis. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were made severely hypoxic by placing them in a 100% N 2 chamber for 2 minutes; moderate hypoxia was accomplished using 10% O 2 for 15 or 30 minutes. To evaluate the role of platelet-activating factor on intestinal perfusion and injury, two platelet-activating factor antagonists, SRI 63-441 and WEB 2086, were injected 10 minutes before the hypoxic exposure. We found that plasma platelet-activating factor levels were significantly elevated after 2 minutes of severe hypoxia (13.8 ± 2.9 ng/mL vs. control 2.1 ± 0.8 ng/mL) and after 30 minutes of moderate hypoxia (41.1 ± 11.7 ng/mL). This increase in platelet-activating factor level was not caused by decreased degradation, because neither plasma nor intestinal platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase was decreased in the hypoxic rats. (Intestinal acetylhydrolase activity was actually increased.) Intestinal perfusion was markedly decreased at 30 minutes in hypoxic animals. In contrast, all platelet-activating factor antagonist-treated animals had normal intestinal perfusion. Histological examination of affected bowel from hypoxic animals showed early intestinal necrosis which was completely prevented by pretreatment with SRI 63–441 and WEB 2086. Because 30 minutes of hypoxia also resulted in metabolic acidosis, we further investigated if acidosis alone could induce platelet-activating factor release and bowel injury. We found that acidosis alone resulted in moderate increase of plasma platelet-activating factor but did not produce bowel injury. We conclude that platelet-activating factor plays a central role in mediating hypoxia-induced intestinal necrosis. Acidosis may enhance the effect of hypoxia on platelet-activating factor production.