cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ENHANCEMENT OF HEAD BOUNDARY ON HEAD SIZE AND SHAPE

In a previous study an attempt was made to deal experimentally, from the viewpoint of sensory-tonic and developmental theory (3), with the problem area of self-perception, or more specifically, with the perception of one's own body or body parts (4). A fundamental assumption underlying the study was that the body serves a dual role. On the one hand, the body may serve as a frame of reference for determination of characteristics of objects in space; on the other, the body may in itself be regarded as an object. With regard to the latter aspect, one recognizes that the body has perceptual properties in common with all other objects, such as shape, size, location, etc. Under the assumption that object size is, in general, inversely affected by the degree of differentiation of the object from its surrounding framework, it was hypothesized that the degree of articulation of one's own body from environment would similarly affect perception of size of body parts. Degree of articulation of self from environment was experimentally manipulated by enhancing the boundary of the head through touching its borders. In keeping with expectation it was found that perceived head width decreased when the temples were touched. The present experiment extends the previous one in two ways. (a) It examines the effect of articulating head boundary on perceived self size by means other than touch. (b) It explores the effect-of articulation limited to parts of the head. This deals with shape changes insofar as an expected expansion or contraction of part of an object is equivalent to change in shape of the whole object. Three experiments were carried out dealing with the effect of enhancement of the boundary of one side of the face on perception of head size and shape. In the first experiment the boundary of one or the other side of the borders of the face was enhanced by touching; in the second experiment, articulation was accomplished by cold applied to one or the other side; and in the third experiment heat served as the stimulus making for differentiation of the boundary of the head. With the nose of S articulated by touching a rod located in the median sagittal plane it was hypothesized that: (a) enhancement of the boundary on one side would make for a smaller perceived distance between the nose and the articulated side of face than between the nose and the unarticulated side of face; and (b) the shrinkage in perceived distance between the nose and
Cerebral blood flow in chronic posttraumatic headache.

Background and Purpose.-Headache is the most common neurologic symptom following minor closed head injury. There is often a lack of objective evidence supporting an organic basis of cerebral pathology in these cases. This pilot study considers the possibility of alterations in cerebral blood flow, indicating evidence of an organic disorder in posttraumatic headache. Methods.-Regional cerebral blood flow studies of 35 patients with chronic posttraumatic headache (PTH) (International Headache Society criteria), identified retrospectively from our cerebral blood flow data base, were compared with those of 49 nonheadache controls and 92 migraineurs (Ad Hoc Committee criteria). Regional cerebral blood flow (initial slope index method) was measured using the xenon Xe 133 inhalation technique. Results.-Compared to migraineurs and controls, and after adjusting for differences (analysis of covariance) in baseline variables such as blood pressure, hematocrit, and Pco 2 , patients with PTH had: (1) significantly lower mean initial slope indices (P<0.001, P=0.002, respectively); (2) regional interhemispheric flow differences (rlFD), with higher distribution of regional asymmetrical probe pairs (rIFD≥7%: P[PTH versus control]=0.006, P[PTH versus migraine]=0.016; rIFD≥10%: P[PTH versus control]=0.011, P[PTH versus migraine]=0.003]; and (3) more hemispheric asymmetries (P[PTH versus control]=0.023, P[PTH versus migraine]=0.57). Lower mean initial slope indices and hemispheric asymmetry (mean interhemispheric flow difference ≥3.2%) predicted PTH over control (P=0.023 and 0.002, respectively). Lower mean initial slope indices predicted PTH over migraine (P=0.002). Conclusions.-Patients with PTH have reduced regional cerebral blood flow, and regional and hemispheric asymmetries. These cerebral hemodynamic alterations support an organic basis to chronic posttraumatic headache.
Exponential Size Distributions for Snow

Using airborne data from several recent field projects, the authors have taken another look at the properties of exponential ice particle size distributions (PSDs) when the PSDs are broad. Two primary questions are addressed: for what ranges of ice water content (IWC) and equivalent radar reflectivity (Ze) do exponentials produce accurate estimates of these higher moments of the PSD, and why is there a lower limit to the value to the slope of exponential fits to PSD, , as has been found from airborne measurements? Earlier studies at temperatures primarily above 10°C have found that measured in snow during spiral descents through deep ice cloud layers decreases to about 9 cm 1 and then remains there. Several physical processes have been advanced to explain these observations. If reliable, the data could be used to improve retrieval of ice cloud properties through remote sensing and for cloud model representations of ice cloud microphysical properties. For data acquired from 2D probes, recent evidence indicates shattering of large ice particles ahead of, but attributable to, the probe’s sensing area, generating small crystals that the probe then senses. Shattered artifacts have been objectively removed from the data. Comparisons of size distributions before and after removal of suspected shattered particles suggest that the reported minimum may have been due to shattering and/or other instrument errors. The revised PSDs indicate that for 40 cm 1 ,0 .1 gm 1 IWC, and 5 dB Ze, moments two (IWC) through four (Ze) of the PSD are dominated by particles larger than a few hundred microns. Analytical representations with more variables than exponentials (e.g., gamma PSD) are not required to accurately derive these moments from the PSD. In these situations, the intercept parameter of the exponential PSD, N0 1c m 4 , is 5 to 30 times larger than assumed earlier.
A Floating-Gate-Based Programmable CMOS Reference

We describe a compact programmable CMOS reference, where the reference is determined by the charge difference between two floating-gate transistors, thereby making the reference insensitive to temperature and other environmental effects. Using floating-gate transistors adds programmability making a wide range of reference voltages possible with negligible long-term drift. A prototype circuit has been implemented in a 0.35-mum CMOS process, and reference voltages ranging from 50 mV to 0.6 V have been achieved. We demonstrate a voltage reference programming accuracy of plusmn40 muV . Experimental results indicate a temperature sensitivity of approximately 53 muV/degC for a nominal reference voltage of 0.4 V over a temperature range of -60degC-140degC.
Continent urinary reconstruction versus ileal conduit: a contemporary single-institution comparison of perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Abstract Objectives. To compare postoperative morbidity and mortality in a concurrent and contemporary series of patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ileal conduit versus orthotopic neobladder. Methods. The data of 198 patients were reviewed, 117 with orthotopic reconstruction and 81 with ileal conduit during a 5-year time frame. Thirty-day morbidity, mortality, reoperative rates, and parameters associated with the surgical procedures were obtained from chart review. Results. No perioperative or postoperative deaths occurred in either group. The median operative time for the ileal conduit was 201 minutes (range 140 to 373), and for the orthotopic neobladder, it was 270 minutes (range 230 to 425). The median blood loss was 389 and 474 mL, respectively. The median length of hospitalization was 8 days for the ileal conduit group and 7 days for the orthotopic neobladder group. Diversion-related complications recognized within 30 days that ultimately required a return to the operating room occurred in 3.4% of those with a neobladder and 1.2% of those with an ileal conduit. Conclusions. The orthotopic neobladder is a longer and technically more complex procedure than the ileal conduit procedure. However, no demonstrable difference in morbidity or perioperative complications were found between the two procedures in our review.
Antithrombotic activity of AT-1015, a potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, in rat arterial thrombosis model and its effect on bleeding time

The antithrombotic activity of N-[2-(4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino)ethyl]-1-formyl-4-piperidinecarboxamide monohydrochloride monohydrate (AT-1015; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist) was studied in a photochemically induced arterial thrombosis (PIT) model in the rat femoral artery, and in the tail transection bleeding time test. Ticlopidine (an antiplatelet agent) and sarpogrelate (a selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist) were studied as reference compounds. Pretreatment with AT-1015 (1 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the time required to occlusion of the artery with thrombus, and the effect (3 mg/kg, p.o.) persisted for 24 h with significant inhibition of 5-HT-induced vascular contraction. Ticlopidine and sarpogrelate also significantly prolonged the time to occlusion at 100 mg/kg, p.o. Sarpogrelate (300 mg/kg, p.o.) showed the similar antithrombotic efficacy to AT-1015 (3 mg/kg, p.o.), while the effect disappeared within 6 h. No significant bleeding time prolongation was observed at 10 mg/kg of AT-1015, which is 10 times higher than the antithrombotic effective dose; whereas ticlopidine significantly prolonged bleeding time at the same dose as the antithrombotic effective dose. These results suggested that AT-1015 is a potent and long-acting oral antithrombotic agent in this model, which may be elucidated by its potent and long-acting inhibition of vasoconstriction through 5-HT(2A) receptor.
Measuring Ultrafast Voltage Signals Using a Scanning Force Microscope

Although scanning probe microscopes are limited to slow imaging rates, they can be used to capture very fast temporal signals, such as voltages. Such SPM-based techniques may deliver unrivaled spatial and time resolution. We have developed a scanning force microscope probe for measuring ultrafast voltage signals with picosecond time resolution. Measurements of integrated circuits are shown.
Using Response Cards to Increase Student Participation in an Inclusive Classroom

One of the most challenging aspects facing educators today is ensuring academic success for all students in the classroom. Many teachers feel that increasing participation levels of students during instructional time afford students the best chance of academic success. This study analyzed the use of response cards in an eighth grade inclusion math classroom to increase student participation and academic achievement. An AB design study was used to collect data on five students who represented the classroom population of students with and without disabilities. Lesson materials were delivered under two conditions, hand-raising and write-on dry erase board response cards. Results indicated a significant increase in student participation and on-task behaviors during the response card phase. Scores on weekly quizzes and end of unit tests increased after review lessons were conducted with response cards. Recommendations for future studies are included.
Insights from a virtual world.

For more than half a century, angiography has been widely used to diagnose and quantify the extent of obstructive disease within the coronary arteries. As a result, angiography is used to triage patients to a range of medical and revascularization strategies. This has largely been fueled by advances
U/sub 2/PtC/sub 2/ and systematics of heavy fermions

Our results for superconducting ${\mathrm{U}}_{2}$Pt${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$ place it intermediate to heavy-fermion (U${\mathrm{Be}}_{13}$, U${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$) and less anomalous (${\mathrm{U}}_{6}$Fe) superconductors. Heavy-fermion behavior represented by the electronic specific heat correlates well with spacing between $f$-electron atoms in U, Np, and Ce materials. Two regimes of spacing are evident and arise from direct and indirect interactions between $f$-electron atoms. We suggest that this correlation provides a reasonable criterion for heavy-fermion behavior and a test for theories.
Commonplace Books of Law: A Selection of Law-Related Notebooks from the Seventeenth Century to the Mid-Twentieth Century

Commonplace Books of Law: A Selection of Law-Related Notebooks from the Seventeenth Century to the Mid-Twentieth Century is number five in the Bounds Law Library's series of Occasional Publications. Based on works held in the library's Special Collections, this book begins with an introduction by Paul Pruitt that traces the history of legal notebooks and comments on the significance of note taking in legal education and practice. Then Pruitt and coauthor David Durham (with contributions by Tony Allan Freyer and Timothy W. Dixon) provide edited transcripts of handwritten or typed materials from a range of historical periods - including a commonplace book from the Restoration-era Inns of Court, the ledger of a lawyer-merchant from early national New York, a volume of notes from the Litchfield Law School, a Reconstruction-era diary, practice notes by late nineteenth and early twentieth-century lawyers, and finally, a sourcebook compiled for Justice Hugo L. Black, with his marginal notes. Commonplace Books of Law displays the richness and diversity of holdings in the Bounds Law Library's Special Collections. In addition it represents a significant collaboration among Bounds librarians, the University of Alabama School of Law faculty, and scholars from other institutions who generously provided advice and counsel.
The Nature of Local Area Social Exclusion in England and the Role of the Labour Market

The creation of the Social Exclusion Unit by the present government in 1997 is just one example of the increased desire by both academics and policy-makers to understand more about the factors that lead to individuals and communities becoming excluded from mainstream society. Of the many aspects of social exclusion which have featured in recent debate, this article focuses on two. The first is to describe the nature and the extent of social exclusion in the areas in which it is concentrated in the United Kingdom. The second is to examine the role that labour-market factors play in creating, reducing, or sustaining geographical concentrations of social exclusion. The article draws upon the results of social surveys conducted in deprived areas and discusses the arguments for tackling local concentrations of social exclusion through area-based initiatives.
Submicron Lateral Scaling of Vertical-Transport Devices Transferred-Substrate Bipolar Transistors and Schottky-Collecto Tunnel Diodes

Transferred-substrate HBTs, fabricated with 0.7 micron emitters and 1.6 micron collectors, obtain 277 GHz power-gain cutoff frequencies fmax At 0.1 µm lithography, the device should obtain ~ 500 GHz fmax Deep submicron Schottky-collector resonant tunnel diodes (SRTDs) have estimated 2.2 THz cutoff frequencies. 64-element monolithic SRTD array oscillated at 650 GHz.
A Model of Liquid-Drop Spreading for Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing is a recent technique for high resolution additive micromanufacturing. With high resolution comes sensitivity to small disturbances, which has kept this technique from reaching its industrial potential. Closed loop control of E-jet printing can overcome these disturbances, but it requires an improved understanding of ink droplet spreading on the substrate and a physical model to predict printed feature locations and geometries from process inputs and disturbances. This manuscript examines a model of ink droplet spreading that uses assumptions that are important to the e-jet process. Our model leverages previous energy balance models that were derived for larger length scale droplets. At the smaller length scale, we find that viscous losses are a significant portion of the energy budget and must be accounted for; this is in contrast to models at length scales two orders of magnitude larger. Our model predicts the droplet height, base radius and contact angle in time from an initial volume and E-jet printing control parameters. The model is validated with published droplet spreading data and new measurements of E-jet printed droplets of diameter 8 μm. The viscous friction calculated in the new model is found to be significant compared to surface energy.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Age-Related Changes in the Rate of Oviposition of Three Species of Hippelates (Diptera: Chloropidae) Eye Gnats: Experimental and Mathematical Analysis

The mean number of eggs laid per female in cohorts of Hippelates pusio Loew, H. bishoppi Sabrosky, and H. pallipes (Loew) were 120.9, 76.7, and 59.8, respectively. Insects of the 3 species deprived of proteinaceous diet 7 h after their emergence and given only 10% sucrose solution laid only 16.7, 16.8, and 15.9 eggs per female, respectively. Shorter adult life spans and lower daily rates of egg laying contributed to the observed reduction. The daily oviposition rate increased rapidly during the first 5–7 days of cohort's age and declined gradually afterwards. Gamma distribution functions described the data. This common type of oviposition trend was shown to be an artifact of pooling the records from different females having large variance in preovipositional time. Individual records from 45 pairs of H. pusio revealed oviposition occurred in distinct gonotrophic cycles. The mean number of eggs per live female declined exponentially with the physiological age of females. The mean number of gonotrophic cycles per female was 9.93, with a mean gonotrophic cycle length of 3.23 days. An indirect probabilistic method was developed for estimating the duration of the oviposition phase of a gonotrophic cycle. The greater the number of eggs per batch, the longer the oviposition phase, with an asymptote of approximately 11 h.
Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in plant–soil feedbacks

Summary In the past decade, ecologists have begun to more fully appreciate the role of evolution in explaining contemporary ecological processes. Evolution is most likely to affect ecological patterns when selection pressure is particularly strong, or when the generation time of at least one interacting species is relatively short. Interactions between plants and soil microbes are an excellent candidate for examining eco–evo interactions because interactions between organisms are tightly knit with the potential for species with relatively short generation times to impose strong selection on one another. Here, we examine the potential for eco–evolutionary dynamics in plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs). Genetic variation in plant traits and subsequent evolution of those traits can affect traits and species composition of soil microbial communities. Soil microbial communities can, in turn, alter the evolutionary trajectory of plant traits. Further, the direction and magnitude of PSFs can affect the plant community, which may alter the selection on plant traits via intra- and interspecific interactions. Finally, we consider how eco-evolutionary feedbacks might enhance or mitigate the effects of PSFs in driving the structure of natural plant communities.
Scholtzicoris linnavuorii, new genus and new species of Myrtaceae-Feeding plant bug from Western Australia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Semiini: Exocarpocorina)

Abstract Scholtzicoris linnavuorii, new genus and new species of Miridae, is described from Western Australia. This taxon is placed in the Phylinae: Semiini: Exocarpocorina on the basis of male and female genitalic structure and in the Melaleucoides group on the structure of the pretarsus. All known specimens were taken on the plant family Myrtaceae, most of those on the genus Scholtzia (tribe Chamelaucieae), with a lesser number of specimens taken on the genus Melaleuca (tribe Melaleuceae).
2. The field descent

2.1 The fixing theorem 2.2 Prescribed absolute value 2.3 Bounding the absolute value 2.4 The modulus equation and class groups 2.4.1 Class groups of cyclotomic fields 2.4.2 Class groups of CM-fields 2.4.3 p-ranks and class fields towers
NATIONAL HISTORY AND LIBERALISM: Thierry

[Augustin Thierry (1795–1856) epitomized the romantic historiography of the first half of the nineteenth century. After brief periods as secretary to Saint-Simon and as freelance journalist, Thierry turned to history, publishing his first historical writings as letters in a newspaper. Drawn to his subject by a passion for liberty and guided by a fine sense of detail and development, he became, next to Guizot, the leading French historian of the time. His narrative style reflected the influence of his two masters, Chateaubriand and Sir Walter Scott. In 1826 he published the History of the Norman Conquest of England and in 1840 the Recits des Temps Merovingiens. In these works he introduced his major historical interests: the racial antagonisms between conqueror and conquered, the rise of the communes in France, and the growth of the Third Estate. Although he had become blind in 1826, he was appointed by Guizot to direct the projected Recueil des Monuments Inedits de L’Histoire du Tiers Etat, and before his death he completed his own work on the history of the Third Estate in France.
Physicochemical characterization and postharvest performance of the new Sensation® ‘Florida127’ strawberry compared to commercial standards

Abstract Strawberry breeding programs are constantly engaged in the development of new cultivars with increased performance and improved quality traits. The recent release of Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ aims to accomplish these goals, yet its postharvest performance has not been rigorously studied. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the sensory and physicochemical attributes and shelf life of Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ with that of commercial standards ‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Strawberry Festival’. Overall, Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ showed superior or equal postharvest performance when compared to the standard cultivars depending on the trait, having the least decrease in appearance quality, firmness, and flavor. Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ consistently had a lighter red color, higher soluble solids and sugar contents, and lower acidity, ascorbic acid, polyphenols and anthocyanin contents. Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ shelf life was 1–3 days longer than that of ‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Strawberry Festival’, respectively. Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ has lower levels of bioactive compounds but higher sugars content and lower acidity compared to the standard cultivars which result in a more flavorful fruit. The fruit also maintains an attractive light red coloration throughout storage, seldom looking overripe. The longer shelf life of Sensation ® ‘Florida127’ compared to the standard cultivars should be an advantage when the fruit are shipped to distant markets.
How teachers become teacher researchers: Narrative as a tool for teacher identity construction

Abstract While scholarship on teacher research suggests the value of this work for teaching and learning, there are challenges in sustaining it beyond teacher education, in part because teachers may not envision themselves as researchers. Drawing on sociocultural theories of identity, this paper uses discourse analysis to consider how an instructor in a graduate course on teacher research supported inservice teachers in constructing identities as teacher researchers. The analysis identifies the ways the instructor used personal narratives as a tool to intentionally position teachers as teacher researchers as participants discursively negotiated these identities.
Alpha-B Helix of RCK1 is a Major Transduction Pathway for Ca2+ Activation of BK Channels

BK (Slo1) type K+ selective channels are activated by both depolarization and intracellular Ca2+. BK channels are comprised of an integral-membrane core consisting of four lateral voltage sensor domains surrounding a central pore-gate domain (S5-S6), and a large cytosolic domain (CTD) assembled from 8 RCK domains. The CTD (gating ring) is attached to the core through four short S6-RCK1 peptide linkers. Ca2+ binding to the CTD activates the channel. Crystal structures (Yuan et al. 2010, 2012) suggest that Ca2+ binding elevates the alpha-B helix in each RCK1 domain where it could push upwards against the core while simultaneously moving a rigid protein arm in RCK1 laterally and downward to pull on S6 through the S6-RCK1 linkers. Ca2+ activation thus may involve a synergistic push-pull mechanism. We examined the contribution of the alpha-B helix to this hypothetical mechanism by introducing several discrete mutations into the alpha-B helix. The mutation L390P in the alpha-B helix of mSlo1 greatly decreased Ca2+ activation. The crystal structure of the hSlo1 CTD with the L390P mutation indicated a discrete alteration of the alpha-B helix alone: Ca2+ still bound to the Ca2+ bowl and there were no other notable differences in the CTD structure. L390P decreased Ca2+ activation through both high affinity Ca2+ binding sites, and also increased the voltage required for activation in 0 Ca2+. Lengthening the RCK1-S6 linker of L390P by one residue in 0 Ca2+ decreased voltage activation, indicating that L390P did not remove all of the tension in the linker. Other alpha-B helix mutations were also consistent with push-pull activation. These observations suggest that an intact and rigid alpha-B helix plays a major role in transducing Ca2+ binding to pore opening in BK channels. Supported by R01 GM114694.
Marijuana legalization: A continuing conundrum

Reefer Madness, a 1936 cult film, dramatized the pitfalls of smoking marijuana, focusing especially on marijuana-induced aberrant psychosocial behavior and sexual exploitation. The Hollywood perspective was an embellishment of the evils of marijuana and stigma associated with its use but was not
Do self-interested schooling selections improve society? A review of the evidence

I review the literature that quantifies the effects of private school choice programs on three important civic outcomes for students in the United States: tolerance, civic engagement, and social or...
M-Oscillating: Performance Maximization on Temperature-Constrained Multi-Core Processors

The ever-increasing computational demand drives modern electronic devices to integrate more processing elements for pursuing higher computing performance. However, the resulting soaring power density and potential thermal crisis constrain the system performance under a maximally allowed temperature. This paper analytically studies the throughput maximization problem of multi-core platforms under the peak temperature constraints. To take advantage of thermal heterogeneity of different cores for performance improvement, we propose to run each core with multiple speed levels and develop a schedule based on two novel concepts, i.e., the step-up schedule and the m-Oscillating schedule , for multi-core platforms. The proposed methodology can ensure the peak temperature guarantee with a significant improvement in computing throughput up to 89 percent, with an average improvement of 11 percent. Meanwhile, the computational time reduces orders of magnitude compared to the traditional exhaustive search-based approach.
YASSP! A Tool for Improving Solaris Security

This paper presents YASSP, Yet Another Secure Solaris Package, a set of tools developed to help a systems administrator to secure a Solaris host. It explains the internal mechanism used by YASSP to implement these security changes so that a systems administrator can either use this tool in its current form and localize it, or modify the package source to match his needs.YASSP is composed of the SECclean package and a set of optional packages providing common useful security related tools. The SECclean internal mechanism used to modify the existing operating system is implemented through the Solaris package mechanism and provides a full un-installation procedure. It has required the development of a specific library of shell functions, to ease file manipulations.The YASSP project provides to the community an easy path to secure a Solaris host. It has taught us a lot about Solaris internals and package manipulation. YASSP is still young, and ready to be enhanced.
Viral Recombination: Ecology, Evolution, and Pathogenesis

Recombination between and within virus genomes is being increasingly recognized as a majordriver of virus evolution.
Contingent Faculty and Freshman Retention Rates

This study uses a unique data set from Texas to test whether the share of semester credit hours taught by contingent faculty affects freshman retention rates. The results from the pooled sample reveal large and significant negative effects of using contingent faculty instead of tenured faculty to teach courses. When including university fixed effects, the effects of contingent faculty are not statistically different from zero. Together these results suggest the use of contingent faculty affects where students' decide to attend college but do not affect students' retention rates.
The Association between the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hypomagnesemia in a National Cohort of Veteran Patients with HIV

Objectives:To examine the risk of hypomagnesemia of HIV-positive patients adherent to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).Methods:A cohort study utilizing the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing I...
SAFETY RESULTS FROM 3 LONG-TERM VALBENAZINE STUDIES IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS WITH TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

Introduction Older age is a significant risk factor for developing tardive dyskinesia (TD). Valbenazine, a novel and highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, is approved to treat TD in adults, regardless of age. We report a comparison of the long-term safety and tolerability of once-daily valbenazine in adults with TD aged ≥55 vs. Methods Data were pooled from two phase 3 studies, KINECT 3 (NCT02274558: valbenazine 40 or 80 mg, 6-week double-blind placebo-controlled period, 42-week double-blind extension) and KINECT 4 (NCT02405091: valbenazine 40 or 80 mg, 48-week open-label treatment). KINECT 3/4 study completers could enroll in a subsequent rollover study (NCT02736955: valbenazine 40 or 80 mg, additional ≤72-week open-label treatment or until valbenazine became commercially available). For safety analyses, participants were categorized by age (older, ≥55y; younger, Results Analyses included 383 KINECT 3/4 participants (≥55y=239; 0.05); serious TEAE (10.1% vs. 9.8%; P>0.05); and discontinuation due to TEAE (3.7% vs. 9.8%; P>0.05). The most common TEAE was somnolence among older participants (4.6%) and cough among younger participants (9.8%). During both KINECT 3/4 and the rollover study, no clinically important changes in vital signs or ECGs were found in either age subgroup, and most participants (>90%) had no worsening in C-SSRS scores from baseline. Conclusions In older (≥55y) and younger ( 1 year of once-daily valbenazine for TD, TEAEs and other safety outcomes were consistent with previous long-term analyses. These results confirm that valbenazine is generally safe and well-tolerated in all adults with TD. This research was funded by This research was fully funded by Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.
Mendelian bone fragility disorders

Abstract Mendelian bone fragility disorders are caused by genetic variants that can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked manner and have a large detrimental effect on bone strength. As a rule, the more damaging the genetic defect is, the earlier the first fracture will occur, typically during bone development. This review focusses on conditions where bone fragility is the most conspicuous characteristic, of which osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the best-known disorder. The large majority of individuals with an OI phenotype have disease-causing dominant variants in COL1A1 or COL1A2, the genes coding for collagen type I. Interestingly, large sequencing databases indicate that there are about 10 times more carriers of COL1A1/COL1A2 variants that should lead to OI than there are individuals with a diagnosis of OI. It is possible that at least some of these variants lead to incomplete OI phenotypes and are diagnosed as osteoporosis during adulthood. Apart from mutations affecting collagen type I production, biallelic mutations in LRP5 and WNT1 can cause very rare and severe bone fragility disorders. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in these genes are much more common and can cause the clinical picture of primary osteoporosis. As sequencing studies are more widely performed in adults with bone fragility disorders, evidence is emerging that what appears as primary osteoporosis in fact can be due to mutations in bona fide OI genes. The distinction between OI and primary osteoporosis is therefore likely to blur in future.
Explaining the Development of International Norms: The Humanitarian Turn at the United Nations Security Council

The UN Security Council (UNSC) has transformed from a body almost exclusively focused on conflict to one that addresses a variety of issues. Unfortunately, we still lack clear understanding of why and when international institutions change their missions. The author argues that while international politics is usually characterized by inertia, shocks to the system, or focal point events, can compel actors to adopt new logics of appropriateness. Since 1945, the end of the Cold War and the signing of the Helsinki Accords stand out as such events. Through unstructured topic modeling, UNSC resolutions divide into the subjects of War, Punitive, and Humanitarian. The topic Humanitarian exploded in frequency after the Cold War, and more refined models show that words related to human rights and elections similarly increased after Helsinki. These changes are rapid and occur in the immediate aftermath of focal point events, showing their importance for norm diffusion.
Defining Microbiome Health through a Host Lens.

ABSTRACT We are walking ecosystems, inoculated at birth with a unique set of microbes that are integral to the functioning of our bodies. The physiology of our commensal microbiota is intertwined with our metabolism, immune function, and mental state. The specifics of this entanglement remain largely unknown and are somewhat unique to individuals, and when any one piece of this complex system breaks, our health can suffer. There appear to be many ways to build a healthy, functional microbiome and several distinct ways in which it can break. Despite the hundreds of associations with human disease, there are only a handful of cases where the exact contribution of the microbiome to the etiology of disease is known. Our laboratory takes a systems approach, integrating dynamic high-throughput host phenotyping with eco-evolutionary dynamics and metabolism of gut microbiota to better define health and disease for each individual at the ecosystem level.
Safety II professionals: How resilience engineering can transform safety practice

Abstract The safety management literature describes two distinct modes through which safety is achieved. These can be described as safety management through centralized control, or safety management through guided adaptability. Safety management through centralized control, labelled by Hollnagel as ‘Safety-I’, aims to align and control the organization and its people through the central determination of what is safe. Safety management through guided adaptability, or ‘Safety-II’, aims to enable the organization and its people to safely adapt to emergent situations and conditions. Safety-II has been presented as a paradigm shift in safety theory, but it has created practical difficulties for safety professional practice. In this paper, we define the two modes of safety management and explain the challenges in changing the role of a safety professional to support Safety-II. When should safety professionals re-enforce alignment, and when should they support frontline adaptations? We outline specific activities for safety professionals to adopt in their role to move towards a guided adaptability mode of safety management. This will move the safety professional further towards their fundamental responsibility – ‘to create foresight about the changing shape of risk, and facilitate action, before people are harmed.’
The Application of Telemedicine in Upper Extremity Surgery.

Telemedicine has seen a recent surge in utilization with the current global Coronavirus pandemic. Prior to this increase in use, its application has been proven to be both safe and effective in primary care and surgical medicine. Its value has been demonstrated for utilization in both initial consultation and post-operative evaluation of orthopedic surgery patients, especially those with pathology about the upper extremity. Telemedicine provides a unique opportunity to deliver health care to patients with limited access, whether it is due to location, cost, or restrictions during times of global crises. Emerging technologies employing smartphone cameras for digitalization of the limb are forthcoming and will allow for the remote delivery of custom fit or fully customized orthoses.
Patient Experience and Expression of Unpleasant Emotions During Health Care Encounters

To examine the concordance between patients’ experience and expression of unpleasant emotions in a health care context, 21 patients presenting to a university dental clinic were observed for expres...
Chipping Away at Privacy? The Risks - and - Rewards of Implanting Microchips in People

An icy sense of dread suddenly grips you, as you frantically search your pockets. Not again! At some point or another, each of us has endured the humbling experience of misplacing an office key, swipe card, or fob. But for many of the 2,000 employees at Epicenter, an innovative Swedish startup company, this scenario could become a worry of the past. At Epicenter, employees can now receive a new type of business key — a microchip implanted in between one’s thumb and index finger, according to a recently released Associated Press report. Since January 2015, 150 Epicenter employees have elected to be microchipped at ‘microchipping parties,’ using syringe injections of microchips that are roughly the size of a grain of rice. According to the AP, this technology is dual-programmed to operate as a swipe key and credit card that can ‘open doors, operate printers, or buy smoothies with a wave of the hand.’ Although simply waving one’s hand to pay for a smoothie is appealing, is this convenience worth the security risks to our personal and financial information?
Textualism's Theoretical Bankruptcy and Its Implications for Statutory Interpretation

Textualism’s possible theoretical justifications cannot sustain a preferred position for the inquiry into the best objective meaning of a statutory provision as the mechanism for statutory interpretation. In fact, careful analysis of Textualist’s proffered theoretical justifications for this approach to statutory interpretation is essentially bankrupt. When subjective legislative intent, as defined in this Article, exists and is discernible by compelling evidence, Article I of the Constitution requires that courts interpret statutes in accordance with that intent. Even when such intent is not discernible, textualism’s impoverished theoretical foundation counsels against resort to the textualist inquiry as the sole legitimate mechanism for statutory interpretation. For this reason, although this Article does not deny much of textualism’s critique of nontextualist judicial practices of statutory interpretation, it counsels that courts should not simply presume the propriety of the textualist mechanism. Rather, courts should consider whether, for any interpretative issue, textualist critiques render other mechanisms of interpretation sufficiently problematic that courts should resort to textualism as the best evidence of the most likely meaning that a legislator would give to statutory text. But courts should also consider whether for a particular statutory interpretive issue, such other mechanisms are likely to result in interpretations that better serve the public interest in light of current societal values, and apply such non-textualist mechanisms in instances where they are likely to lead to superior legislative outcomes.
Pericardial Angiosarcoma: A Diagnostic Challenge

Cardiac angiosarcomas are the most common malignant primary cardiac tumors accounting for 31% of all primary cardiac tumors. However, primary pericardial angiosarcomas are extremely rare and are associated with high mortality. A 41-year-old male with a past medical history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis, follicular thyroid carcinoma, hypertension, and asthma presented with recurrent pericardial effusions. Previously, different imaging modalities had shown small hemodynamically stable pericardial effusions with pericardial thickening. His pericardial effusion was attributed to his ESRD until this presentation. However, during the current admission, chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly with lobulated left heart border. Computed tomography (CT) and transthoracic echocardiogram showed an increased posterior complex pericardial effusion when compared to previous imaging. A pericardial window was created and the space was evacuated. Pericardial fluid cytology reported rare atypical cells, which were indeterminate for malignancy. Histopathology from the pericardial biopsy revealed fibrous tissue with cellular proliferation, consistent with an angiosarcoma. A positron emission tomography revealed findings of angiosarcoma (hypermetabolic pericardial soft tissue nodularity and complex pericardial fluid) limited only to the pericardium. Unfortunately, the angiosarcoma was deemed unresectable, and the patient underwent one cycle of chemotherapy with paclitaxel. The patient’s hospital course was further complicated by myelosuppression from chemotherapy and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Therefore, no further chemotherapy was pursued. A repeat echocardiogram showed constriction of both ventricles with loculated pericardial effusion. The patient eventually transitioned to comfort care and passed away. Through this case report, we would like to highlight that multiple confounders can be present when considering the etiology of persistent pericardial effusions. We suggest contemplating alternate diagnosis, such as malignancy, and initiate aggressive work-up especially in young individuals with recurrent, unexplained pericarditis.
Resistance & Recovery in the #MeToo Era

This special issue aims to amplify the voices of those who were and continue to be at the frontlines resisting and responding to sexual violence. In order to frame this special issue, we first outl...
Outcomes after lung transplantation in recipients aged 70 years or older.

BACKGROUND The proportion of lung transplant (LTx) recipients older than 70 years is increasing, thus we assessed long-term survival after LTx in this cohort relative to younger counterparts. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who underwent LTx between 2012 and 2016 at our center and divided patients by age: group A (<65 years), B (65-69 years), and C (≥70 years). Survival statistics were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. RESULTS The study included 375 LTx recipients: 221 (58.9%) in group A, 109 (29.1%) in group B, and 45 (12.0%) in group C. Group C was mostly men (37/45 [82.2%]; P = 0.003) and had the highest mean serum creatinine at listing (P = 0.02). Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years after transplant in group A (93.2%, 70.1%, 58.8%) was significantly higher than group B (83.5%, 59.6%, 44.0%; P = 0.005, 0.028, 0.006, log-rank test) and was similar to group C (86.7%, 64.4%, 57.8%), although trended higher at 1 year (P = 0.139, 0.274, 0.489, log-rank test). Groups B and C had comparable survival at all time points. CONCLUSIONS Although survival decreased after age 65, long-term survival was comparable between LTx recipients aged 65-69 years and recipients ≥70 years.
The surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Introduction : Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) incidence continues to rise worldwide, and overall survival remains poor. Complete surgical resection remains the only opportunity for cure in patients with ICC yet only one-third of patients present with resectable disease. Areas covered : While the low incidence rate of ICC hinders accrual of patients to large, randomized control trials, larger database and long-term institutional studies provide evidence to guide surgical management of ICC. These studies demonstrate feasibility, safety, and efficacy of aggressive surgical management in appropriately selected patients with ICC. Recent advances in the management of ICC, with a focus on surgical considerations, are reviewed. Expert opinion : Historically, little progress has been made in the management of ICC with stagnant mortality rates and poor long-term outcomes. However, regionalization of care to centers with experienced multidisciplinary teams, advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques, discovery and development of targeted and immunotherapy agents, and combination locoregional and systemic therapies offer signs of progress in the management of ICC.
Quantitative multiparametric MRI in uveal melanoma: increased tumor permeability may predict monosomy 3

Uveal melanoma is a rare intraocular tumor with heterogeneous biological behavior, and additional noninvasive markers that may predict outcome are needed. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging may prove useful but have previously been limited in their ability to evaluate ocular tumors. Our purpose was to show the feasibility and potential value of a multiparametric (mp-) MRI protocol employing state of the art diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging techniques. Sixteen patients with uveal melanoma were imaged with mp-MRI. Multishot readout-segmented echoplanar diffusion-weighted imaging, quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion imaging, and anatomic sequences were obtained. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around tumors for calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and perfusion metrics (K trans , v e , k ep , and v p ). A generalized linear fit model was used to compare various MRI values with the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) tumor group and monosomy 3 status with significance set at P < 0.05. mp-MRI was performed successfully in all cases. MRI tumor height (mean [standard deviation]) was 6.5 mm (3.0). ROI volume was 278 mm3 (222). ADC was 1.07 (0.27) × 10–3 mm2/s. DCE metrics were K trans 0.085/min (0.063), v e 0.060 (0.052), k ep 1.20/min (0.32), and v p 1.48 % (0.82). Patients with >33 % monosomy 3 had higher K trans and higher v e values than those with disomy 3 or ≤33 % monosomy (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between ADC (P = 0.07), k ep (P = 0.37), and v p with respect to monosomy 3. mp-MRI for ocular tumor imaging using multishot EPI DWI and quantitative DCE perfusion is technically feasible. mp-MRI may help predict monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma.
Links to Layout and Post Layout Optimization

Until now, a virtual wall existed between the front-end and the back-end processes, with the signoff to the ASIC vendor for fabrication, occurring at the structural netlist level. The ASIC vendor was responsible for floorplanning and routing of the design, and provided the front-end designers the resulting delay data. However, this process was inefficient and often resulted in multiple exchanges of the netlist and the layout data between the designers and the ASIC vendor.