cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE DRYING RATE OF FABRICS

In order to understand the drying process of fabrics, drying experiment in household manner was conducted at five atomospheric conditions. (10 and 20°C at 65% RH, and 30°C at 40, 65 and 90% RH)Other experiments on 18 samples of different fabrics were conducted in a condition of 30°C at 40% RH.The following conclusions were obtained.1. Evaporation rate of water (K1 [g/cm2•min]) in the constant rate period is mainly determined by the difference between the temperatures of air and wet bulb (ta and tw), although it changes somewhat by the difference between fabrics.In the constant rate period, the water in the fabric comes to the surface so rapidly by capillary migration, that the fabric surface is almost saturated with water vapor, and evaporation of water continues in each constant rate of each fabrics.Hygroscopic, roughly wovened, napped fabric has a wide surface for evaporation, and water evaporates rapidly from these fabrics than from other hydrohobic smooth surfaced fabrics in the constant rate period.2. The end of the constant rate period where the critical moisture content (C. M. C.) is defined, appeared to be the final point where the fabric surface is still saturated with water vapor.Higher rate of water transfer from the fabric to the air in the constant rate period, and slower capillary migration in the fabric are main factors for higher C. M. C.3. The drying rate constant (K2 [1/min]) in the falling rate period is greater for hydrohobic fabrics, and for thinner fabrics. Also, for hygroscopic fabrics with smaller volume fraction of fiber, the rate constant K2 is greater.
Further Studies of the Infrared Absorption of Rubber

Abstract The transmission spectrum of natural rubber has been studied in the region between 1µ and 15 µ and the effects of linear and radial stretch have been observed. Linear extension greater than 400 per cent of the original length produces an increase in the C—C vibrational frequency. Both linear and radial stretch produce an increase in absorption coefficient and a decrease in reflection coefficient. The changes in absorption and reflection coefficients are greatest at short wave-lengths.
Atomic disorder in the heavy fermion superconductor CeCu 2+x Si 2

Superconducting, magnetic, and non-Fermi-liquid-like ground states evolve in CeCu{sub 2+x}Si{sub 2} with small changes in the Ce/Cu ratio that leave the average crystal structure unchanged. We find, however, that the local atomic structure determined by neutron pair density function analysis for a superconducting sample with x=0.33 is fundamentally different from a nonsuperconducting sample with x=-0.08. The local lattice of the Cu-deficient sample exhibits long-range atomic order, while the Cu-rich sample is intrinsically disordered. Spin-lattice coupling in the disordered lattice produces an inhomogeneous magnetic state that allows superconductivity to develop and may contribute to observed non-Fermi-liquid effects. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Older Adults Improve on Everyday Tasks after Working Memory Training and Neurostimulation

Abstract Background Aging is associated with decline in executive function (EF), upper-level cognitive abilities such as planning, problem solving, and working memory (WM). This decline is associated with age-related volume loss and reduced functional connectivity in the frontal lobes. Cognitive training interventions aim to counter these losses, but often fail to elicit benefits beyond improvements on trained tasks. Recent interventions pairing WM training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have improved WM and elicited transfer to untrained EF tasks. Limitations in previous work include exclusive use of laboratory-based computer training and testing and poor characterization of the mechanism(s) of durable tDCS-linked change. Objective/Hypothesis To determine if tDCS-linked WM training improves performance on ecologically valid transfer measures administered in participants' homes. To explore intervention-based changes using neuroimaging (fNIRS) and genotyping (COMT val158met). Methods 90 healthy older adult participants completed 5 sessions of WM training paired with tDCS (Sham, 1 mA tDCS, 2 mA tDCS; 15 min). At follow-up, we assessed performance change on laboratory-based and ecologically valid tasks. Results All participants showed improvement on trained tasks. Importantly, 2 mA of tDCS induced significantly greater far transfer gains after 1 month without contact. Gains were observed on standard far transfer tasks along with ecologically valid far transfer tasks, and stimulation was well tolerated by all participants. FNIRS and genotyping results were less conclusive, but provide promising avenues for future research initiatives. Conclusion These findings highlight the translational value for tDCS-based interventions in healthy older adults interested in maintaining cognitive function.
A Welcome to the Workshop on “Professional Promises: Hopes and Gaps in Access to Oral Health Care”

Starting with the belief held by some of the workshop participants that access to basic oral health care is a natural human right and that the oral health care system in the United States must serve the common good, we conducted a meeting of ethicists, practicing dentists, dental hygienists, dental educators, and others to discuss ethical issues related to access to care. As one of the meeting organizers, the author discusses in these introductory remarks his background and personal perspectives on why the dental profession has a moral obligation to better address the access issue.
Endometriosis and spontaneous abortion

There seems to be an association of first-trimester spontaneous abortion and untreated endometriosis. In this report, 52% of an untreated group of patients with endometriosis aborted. However, 12% of a second group of surgically treated patients and 7% of a third group of patients treated with danazol aborted. Therefore, either medical or surgical therapy for endometriosis lowers the abortion rate significantly.
AF10 is split by MLL and HEAB, a human homolog to a putative Caenorhabditis elegans ATP/GTP-binding protein in an invins(10;11)(p12;q23q12).

Invins(10;11)(p12;q23q12) is one of the rare but recurring chromosome rearrangements seen in acute monoblastic leukemia. We cloned the proximal 10p breakpoint from one patient and showed that the MLL gene at 11q23 was fused to the 3′ portion of AF10 at 10p12. In addition, we cloned the telomeric 10p junction and we found that the 5′ portion of AF10 was juxtaposed to a previously unidentified gene at 11q12, which we call HEAB (a human homolog to a hypothetical Caenorhabditis elegans ATP/GTP-binding protein). These results indicate that the AF10 gene is split into a 5′ AF10 and a 3′ AF10 portion by the 11q23q12 chromosome segment and that both breakpoint junctions result in fusion transcripts of 5′ AF10/HEAB and MLL/3′ AF10. Only the MLL/3′ AF10 fusion mRNA results in an in-frame fusion. Northern blot analysis of HEAB expression shows that a 2.0-kb major transcript is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues and is especially abundant in testis and skeletal muscle, whereas a 3.2-kb minor transcript is noted with the highest level of expression in thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. The HEAB gene encodes a 425-amino acid protein that is rich in valine and leucine. HEAB protein shows high homology in its entire amino acid sequence to a putative C elegans protein and contains an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding motif that has homology to the ATP-binding transporter superfamily or to GTP-binding proteins. Our results could explain the high frequency of complex insertion and other rearrangement events that involve 10p12 and 11q12 and 11q23. The finding that different portions of a single gene are involved in fusions with two independent genes in the same leukemic cell is unique in the analysis of chromosome translocations.
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Carrier Status in Patients Undergoing Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction.

Background The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers and infections continues to rise. Some specialties have demonstrated a reduction in infection through appropriate screening and treatment. Objectives We sought to investigate the incidence of preoperative colonization, postoperative conversion, and whether this had any impact on outcomes in patients undergoing post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (BR). Methods This is a prospective study of a series of 122 BR patients from a single surgeon from May 2013 to March 2015. Nasal swabs were obtained at preoperative and postoperative clinic visits. The incidence of preoperative and postoperative colonization, demographic, and clinical variables were analyzed and compared to complication rates within 90 days of surgery. Results The incidence of MRSA colonization was 3.3% ( n = 4) preoperatively and 4.1% ( n = 5) postoperatively. One patient was positive at both time points, and 4 patients converted postoperatively. Preoperative or postoperative colonization with MRSA was not associated with any specific patient demographics. Hospital length of stay tended to be longer in patients colonized both preoperatively (2.8 days vs 1.6 days, P = .075) and postoperatively (2.8 days vs 1.8 days, P = .072). Postoperative colonization trended toward an increased incidence of any complication (80.0% vs 35.7%, P = .068) and was significantly associated with delayed wound healing (40.0% vs 4.8%, P = .035). Having a minor complication ( P = .073) and implant exposure ( P = .056) tended to be associated with postoperative carriers. Conclusions The incidence of MRSA in breast reconstruction patients is relatively low, yet complications rates are higher in those patients. Multicenter randomized trials should be conducted to determine if there is a role for preoperative screening and treatment of MRSA carriers. Level of Evidence 2![Graphic][1] Risk [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
An Archaeological Survey of Walker Ranch Park, Bexar County, Texas

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive surface survey and subsurface testing for cultural resources at the proposed Walker Ranch Park, in northwest San Antonio, Bexar County. Disturbances associated with the park are to include the construction of a parking lot, playground, pavilion, walking/jogging trail, ramps and traffic paths for wheelchair access to the park, and the installation of utility and drainage lines associated with these facilities. The project was carried out under contract with the city of San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department between December 1 and 4, 1997. The project consisted of three tasks: 1) the excavation of 10 backhoe trenches; 2) the excavation of 35 shovel tests, and 3) the intensive pedestrian survey of approximately 4.0 acres of the park. Buried cultural materials were encountered at a depth of 60-100 cm below surface (bs) in two backhoe trenches (BHTs 8 and 9) located along Panther Springs Creek. These remains are redeposited and have no potential for archaeological interpretations. Small numbers of chipped stone flakes were noted primarily in Level 3 (20-30 cm bs) in shovel tests excavated along the north-central and south-central portions of the exercise trail. Widely scattered individual chipped stone artifacts were observed throughout the park. In addition, two small concentrations of historic artifacts and a partially quarried limestone block were identified by the pedestrian survey. The material concentrations have a late nineteenthto early twentieth-century date range. The partially quarried limestone block probably dates to the mid-nineteenth century. The thin surface scatter of prehistoric artifacts, the shallowly buried specimens, the two historic artifact concentrations, and the partially quarried limestone block are designated as the multicomponent site 41BX1271. CAR recommends that as long as subsurface disturbances are limited to the upper 20 cm in the north-central and south-central portions of the exercise trail, they will not impact potentially buried components. Deeper subsurface disturbances in other portions of site 41BX1271 at Walker Ranch Park will not adversely affect significant cultural resources.
A Prototype Model

In a typical regional economy, thousands of people and businesses conduct a multitude of transactions every day. Ultimately, all of these transactions are interrelated. The task of a model builder is to identify the key causal paths through which changes in one part of the regional economy influence the other parts of the economy. The blocks in diagram 3–1 show the main components of the operational model that we present in this book. They are general enough so that the structure of almost any operational regional model can be represented in this framework. In some models, one of the blocks may be omitted or replaced by exogenous variables; in others, one of the blocks may be developed, justifying breaking it into two blocks. In any case, any model that does not include some of the elements from each of the five blocks can be represented as a special case in this more general framework.
Relationship Between Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentration and Root Diameter in Sugar Maple

Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration, an estimate of the carbo- hydrate energy readily available to the plant, was measured by chemical extraction (enzymatic hydrolysis) in dormant season roots of sugar maple (Acesaccharum Marsh.). In all sample trees, TNC concentration increased as root diameter decreased. On the average, root diam- eter explained 60% of the variation in TNC concentration within an individual tree. Linear regressions of TNC concentration on root diameter did not differ significantly among trees. Bias on TNC concentration introduced by differences in root size can be minimized by sampling s'nnilar root diameter classes among trees, or by adjusting TNC concentration to a common root size. FoR. ScI. 37(1):343-346. ADmT(ONAKEY WO.DS. Acer sacchamm, plant biochemistry, tree health.
Magnetic resonance angiography: physical principles and applications

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is the visualization of hemodynamic flow using imaging techniques that discriminate flowing spins in blood from those in stationary tissue. There are two classes of MRA methods based on whether the magnetic resonance imaging signal in flowing blood is derived from the amplitude of the moving spins, the time-of-flight methods, or is based on the phase accumulated by these flowing spins, as in phase contrast methods. Each method has particular advantages and limitations as an angiographic imaging technique, as evidenced in their application space. Here we discuss the physics of MRA for both classes of imaging techniques, including contrast-enhanced approaches and the recent rapid expansion of the techniques to fast acquisition and processing techniques using parallel imaging coils as well as their application in high-field MR systems such as 3T and 7T.
Overview and Conclusions

Sustainable cultures and economies in the East Sahel need to evolve with a strong base at the local community level. In a region where water is such a determining asset, this requires a fundamental adaptation to the constraints that nature itself places on the resource. The greatest, most fundamental, and most immediate threat to the local population is the unpredictable variability of rainfall—the dimensions of which can only be appreciated by understanding the historical record on monthly, annual, and multidecadal time scales. However, due to the specific nature of the dominant type of storm systems in the region, certain essential aspects of rain storm patterns cannot be captured without daily coverage. While most of the rain days have low intensity, most of the annual rainfall total is contributed by the fewer, high-intensity events associated with deep convection into the troposphere. Although the most extreme storms often leave little to no imprint on monthly or annual totals, these are the events that most significantly impact the local landscape and communities. An overarching concern by many is a pessimistic view that climate—namely rainfall—in the East Sahel has degraded significantly over the last decades and is expected to continue to do so into the coming century. In fact, there is little evidence to support such claims. Climate change is occurring in the East Sahel, but is largely dominated by relatively incoherent fluctuations, not regionally coherent monotonic trends of significant magnitude. Mitigating the risks from the type of extreme climate variability that is evident in the historic rainfall record underscores the imperative to adapt water policies to the local scale. If local communities can be empowered to deal with the type of present-day natural behaviors described here, they should be well-prepared to deal with the pending uncertainties of the future.
Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Myeloma: Bortezomib-based Triplet

We review the options for the treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma in a patient who is a candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRD) has been studied in two randomized trials as first-line therapy. In one of these trials, VRD demonstrated improved overall survival compared with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (Rd). By contrast, phase III data with overall survival differences are not available for other bortezomib-containing regimens compared with modern lenalidomide-containing regimens. Carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRD) is an alternative promising regimen but has only been evaluated in small phase II studies in the frontline setting. More data are needed before this regimen can be recommended to standard risk patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. A phase III trial comparing VRD and KRD is ongoing.
Parent Experience of Neonatal Encephalopathy: The Need for Family-Centered Outcomes

We aimed to characterize the parent experience of caring for an infant with neonatal encephalopathy. In this mixed-methods study, we performed semistructured interviews with parents whose infants were enrolled in an existing longitudinal cohort study of therapeutic hypothermia between 2011 and 2014. Thematic saturation was achieved after 20 interviews. Parent experience of caring for a child with neonatal encephalopathy was characterized by 3 principal themes. Theme 1: Many families described cumulative loss and grief throughout the perinatal crisis, critical neonatal course, and subsequent missed developmental milestones. Theme 2: Families experienced entangled infant and broader family interests. Theme 3: Parents evolved into and found meaning in their role as an advocate. These data offer insight into the lived experience of parenting an infant with neonatal encephalopathy. Primary data from parents can serve as a useful framework to guide the development and interpretation of parent-centered outcomes.
Searching for Illicit Behavior through Changes in Productivity: The Case of Roger Clemens and Performance-enhancing Drugs

Major League Baseball pitcher Roger Clemens has been accused of using performance-enhancing drugs to boost his performance. If Clemens used ergogenic aids consistent with the accusations of use, then unusual changes in productivity may be evident in his performance record. Two previous studies have examined Clemens’s career and reached conflicting conclusions: Bradlow et al. (2008) declares Clemens’s career to be “atypical” while Albert (2009) finds Clemens’s productivity to be unusually strong but similar to other pitchers who have not been linked with performance-enhancing drugs. This study examines Clemens’s performance at times of alleged use and over his career and finds that changes in productivity are not indicative of performance-enhancing drug use.
Ultrafast photoconductive devices based upon GaAs:ErAs nanoparticle composite driven at 1550 nm

This paper reports progress on a type of ultrafast photoconductive source that can be driven at 1550 nm but exhibits the robustness of GaAs (e.g., low-temperature-grown GaAs) driven at 780 nm. The approach is GaAs doped heavily with Er (≈4x1020 cm-3 or 2% atomic-Er-to-Ga fraction) such that ErAs nanoparticles form spontaneously during epitaxial growth by MBE. The nanoparticles are mostly spherical with a diameter of a few nm while the packing density is estimated as high as ~2.2x1019/cm3. Yet, the Er-doped GaAs epilayer maintains excellent structural quality and smooth surface morphology. A photoconductive switch coupled to a 4-turn square spiral antenna is fabricated and characterized. At least ~40 μW average THz power is generated when the device is biased at 75 V and pumped with a 1550-nm 90-fs-short pulsed laser having average power ~85 mW. This research is significant for 1550-nm-technologycompatible, cost-effective THz sources.
The Biosaline Concept

For centuries man has known that the earth is a sphere and that there are physical limitations to its size and resources. However, only in the last few decades have we really seen our planet as an island in the void of space. From this dramatic vantage point, we have also gotten the harsh message that, indeed, our earth has only finite resources and that we need to manage them more effectively. At the very same time, the world’s population has increased to over four billion, and severe political, social and economic instabilities are prevalent in many parts of the world.
RNA Chemical Proteomics Reveals the N6-Methyladenosine (m6A)-Regulated Protein–RNA Interactome

Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications can regulate mRNA function; however, there is a major gap in our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms mediating their effects. Here, we develop a chemical proteomics approach relying upon photo-cross-linking with synthetic diazirine-containing RNA probes and quantitative proteomics to profile RNA–protein interactions regulated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic RNA. In addition to identifying YTH domain-containing proteins and ALKBH5, known interactors of this modification, we find that FMR1 and LRPPRC, two proteins associated with human disease, “read” this modification. Surprisingly, we also find that m6A disrupts RNA binding by the stress granule proteins G3BP1/2, USP10, CAPRIN1, and RBM42. Our work provides a general strategy for interrogating the interactome of RNA modifications and reveals the biochemical mechanisms underlying m6A function in the cell.
Mechanical Stimulation of the Retina: Therapeutic Feasibility and Cellular Mechanism

Retinal prostheses that seek to restore vision by artificially stimulating retinal neurons with electrical current are an emerging treatment for photoreceptor degenerative diseases but face difficulties achieving naturalistic vision with high spatial resolution. Here, we report the unexpected discovery of a technique for mechanically stimulating retinal neurons with the potential to bypass the limitations of electrical stimulation. We found that pulsatile injections of standard Ames medium solution into explanted retinas of wild type rats under certain injection conditions (pulse-width > 50ms at 0.69 kPa pressure) elicit spatially localized retinal responses similar to light-evoked responses. The same injections made into photoreceptor degenerated retinas of transgenic S334ter-3 rats also elicit robust neural responses. We investigated the cellular mechanism causing these responses, by repeating the injections after treating the retinas with a pharmacological blocker of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel group, a common mechanoreceptor found on retinal neurons, and observed a significant reduction in retinal ganglion cell spike rate response amplitudes. Together, these data reveal that therapeutic mechanical stimulation of the retina, occurring in part through TRPV channel activation, is feasible and this little explored neurostimulation paradigm could be useful in stimulating photoreceptor degenerated retinas for vision restoration.
A comparative analysis of manual methods for analyzing security requirements in regulatory documents: POSTER

Developing security requirements that are compliant with security regulations is key for developing secure software systems. Statements within regulatory documents are frequently overlapping, both within and between documents. Approaches to identifying and address this overlap have been developed in academia and industry. However, these approaches have largely been evaluated in isolation. The goal of this research is to assist analysts in selecting an appropriate approach for developing security requirements from regulatory documents by comparing the output of approaches from academic publications with similar outputs from industry. Our initial results show that there is wide variance in how information is aggregated from security regulations at the requirement level.
Seasonal Adjustment of Growth Rate and Adult Body Weight in Ringtailed Lemurs

Photoperiodic cues provide nonequatorial animals a reliable schedule for adaptive changes in metabolism, developmental rate, reproductive effort, and behavior. This study discovered seasonal adjustments of growth rate and adult body weight in semi-free-ranging ringtailed lemurs (Lemur cafta) that were correlated with changes in rate of hair growth, thermoregulatory behavior, and social behavior but independent of changes in food availability. Infants increased body weight with 3 to 12g/day, accelerating growth rate annually just after summer solstices. Adult males and females gained weight one to two months later, just before longterm suppressions of growth rate in immatures. Correlations between this set of results and the annual schedule of rainfall in Madagascar led me to propose a new model of life-history strategy for the large-bodied lemurs. Harsh but predictable seasonality of nutritive resources seems to have led these primates to evolve life histories comprehensively geared toward the conservation of energy, including suppression of metabolic rate for much of the Malagasy dry season. This life-history tactic would be analogous to diverse torpid states that enhance survival and reproduction in nonprimate mammals living in harshly seasonal environments. The overall life-history strategy, however, requires rates of infant growth that are uncommonly high among group-living primates relative to maternal size. Like many other animal parents, lemur mothers suffer high costs of investment to help offspring meet a deadline: lemur infants must grow large and perhaps store energy before the dry season, so they can safely reduce metabolic rate and grow little during the dry season. The high cost of lactation is suggested to have promoted wide-spread evolution of female dominance and male-committed infanticide among lemurid and indrid species. Continued research on the environmental regulation of life histories will be required before a deep understanding of primate natural history can be achieved.
Glaski v Bank of America: Mortgagor’s Defense Based on Lender’s Failure to Properly Securitize a Loan

Commentary on a recent California decision holding that a lender might be unable to enforce an improperly securitized loan.
Prevalence of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies in Bariatric Patients Following the 2013 Updated Supplementation Guidelines

BackgroundBariatric surgery is the most effective obesity treatment. However, patients undergoing bariatric surgery are high-risk for nutritional deficiencies, especially post-operatively. In March...
From Necrotic to Apoptotic Debt: Using Kristeva to Think Differently about Puerto Rico’s Bankruptcy

Without the maternal hold, without its herethical ethics and sublimation, without the stability (fragile as it may be) that this hold can bring, we are melancholically or defensively driven to commit the most heinous acts of atrocity and violence in the name of eternal life, development, and progress. For the most part, Kristeva has described the combination of personal loss and social, cultural, and historical pressures brought to bear on the vexed (but ultimately successful) sublimation of the maternal hold by artists like Giovanni Bellini. More recently, however, her attention has turned to other contemporary examples, in particular, Max Beckmann whose works, she claims, sublimate the loss of the maternal hold itself. They are examples of a Sacred Family , a Pieta , or a Dormition that have undergone a radical transformation. They are representations of a society, a culture, indeed a world, that is losing its maternal hold; a world that is losing both its herethical ethics, and the capacity to sublimate its apoptotic inheritance. Following Kristeva, I will put Eduardo Lalo’s book of poems and drawings Necropolis (2014) in a tradition of representation of the maternal hold that is close to a thousand years old. This tradition goes from the confrontation with nothingness in Theophane the Greek’s Dormition (1392) to the modern matricide represented in Pablo Picasso’s Maternity Apple (1971).
Bounded Plurisubharmonic Exhaustion Functions for Lipschitz Pseudoconvex Domains in $${\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}^n$$

In this paper, we use Takeuchi’s Theorem to show that for every Lipschitz pseudoconvex domain \(\Omega \) in \({\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}^n\) there exist a Lipschitz defining function \(\rho \) and an exponent \(0<\eta <1\) such that \(-(-\rho )^\eta \) is strictly plurisubharmonic on \(\Omega \). This generalizes a result of Ohsawa and Sibony for \(C^2\) domains. In contrast to the Ohsawa–Sibony result, we provide a counterexample demonstrating that we may not assume \(\rho =-\delta \), where \(\delta \) is the geodesic distance function for the boundary of \(\Omega \).
Measuring the hydraulic effect of hydrokinetic energy extraction in the Tanana River, Alaska

During two field seasons, a 1.93 m diameter, open-center style, hydrokinetic device was deployed from a pontoon barge in the Tanana River, in Alaska. Near-surface velocity was roughly 1.7 m/s and 2 m/s at the deployment site during September 2014 and July 2015, respectively. Velocity and turbulence were measured in the vicinity of the turbine location using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and an acoustic Doppler current profiler in order to characterize the impact of the turbine on river hydraulics and turbulence. ADV measurements showed velocities being 97.8% recovered within 18.1 turbine diameters and fully recovered within 20.7 turbine diameters. ADV measurements also indicate a 520% increase in turbulence intensity at 2.6 turbine diameters downstream which appeared to resolve within 20.7 turbine diameters.
Non-detergent isolation of a cyanobacterial photosystem I using styrene maleic acid alternating copolymers

Photosystem I (PSI) from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus (Te) is the largest membrane protein complex to have had its structure solved by X-ray diffraction. This trimeric complex has 36 protein subunits, over 380 non-covalently bound cofactors and a molecular weight of ∼1.2 MDa. Previously, it has been isolated and characterized in a detergent micelle using the non-ionic detergent n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM). We have now succeeded in isolating this complex without the use of detergents, using styrene–maleic acid (SMA) alternating copolymer. Intriguingly, a partially esterified copolymer formulation (SMA 1440, Cray Valley) was found to be most efficient in cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes. A host of biochemical, biophysical and functional assays have been applied to characterize this non-detergent form of PSI, referred to as a SMA Lipid Particle (SMALP). The PSI-SMALP has a lower sedimentation coefficient compared to PSI-DDM, suggesting decreased density or a more extended particle shape. We show the 77 K fluorescence maximum for PSI is red shifted in PSI-SMALP compared to PSI-DDM, suggesting a more native orientation of PsaA/B associated chlorophyll. We report that PSI-SMALPs are functional despite the selective loss of one transmembrane subunit, PsaF. This loss may reflect a more labile interaction of the PSI core and PsaF, or a selective displacement during copolymer insertion and/or assembly. PSI-SMALP exhibited decreased reduction kinetics with native recombinant cytochromes c6, while non-native horse heart cytochrome c shows faster reduction of PSI-SMALP compared to PSI-DDM. This is the largest membrane protein isolated using SMA copolymers, and this study expands the potential use of this approach for the isolation and characterization of large supramolecular complexes.
Wireless Implantable Intraocular Pressure Sensor with Parylene-Oil-Encapsulation and Forward-Angled RF Coil

This paper presents a wireless and implantable intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor with parylene-oil-encapsulation packaging using a novel folded PCB architecture accomplishing practical RF coupling for power and data in a rabbit. The sensor is operated with an air gap of 5 mm between the primary coil and the animal, coupling to an on-chip coil at an input power of 32 dBm at 915 MHz, and can also be operated when the eyelid covers the sensor. Additionally, two novel results for parylene-on-oil deposition in general are presented. First, we show that the thickness of the porous layer of parylene-C (PA-C) and parylene-HT (PA-HT) deposited on silicone oils have a logarithmic decrease in porous layer thickness (PLT) versus silicone oil molecular weight (MW) over a range of 2–139 kDa. Second, we directly verify that parylene-oil-encapsulated pressure sensors retain sensitivity despite material buildup for the first time
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence in Ge: Experiment and theory

We report a photoluminescence study of high-quality Ge samples at temperatures $12\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}295\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, over a spectral range that covers phonon-assisted emission from the indirect gap (between the lowest conduction band at the $L$ point of the Brillouin zone and the top of the valence band at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point), as well as direct gap emission (from the local minimum of the conduction band at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point). The spectra display a rich structure with a rapidly changing line shape as a function of $T$. A theory is developed to account for the experimental results using analytical expressions for the contributions from LA, TO, LO, and TA phonons. Coupling of states exactly at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} and $L$ points is forbidden by symmetry for the latter two phonon modes, but becomes allowed for nearby states and can be accounted for using wave-vector dependent deformation potentials. Excellent agreement is obtained between predicted and observed photoluminescence line shapes. A decomposition of the predicted signal in terms of the different phonon contributions implies that near-room temperature indirect optical absorption and emission are dominated by ``forbidden'' processes, and the deformation potentials for allowed processes are smaller than previously assumed.
DNA polymerase κ: Friend or foe?

In this issue of Science Signaling, Temprine et al. report that up-regulation of the translesion DNA polymerase Polκ mediates resistance to BRAF pathway–targeted inhibitors and starvation in melanoma cells. These results exemplify the role that Polκ plays in cellular adaptation to stress.
Implementation Matters: Lessons From Iowa Medicaid’s Healthy Behaviors Program

Iowa’s Medicaid expansion includes the Healthy Behaviors Program (HBP), which incentivizes enrollees to receive a wellness exam and complete a health risk assessment annually to waive a monthly pre...
A Substance Misuse Intervention Program in Postacute Care: Who Declines Participation?

Abstract Objectives: Alcohol and substance misuse has been under-acknowledged and underidentified in older adults. However, promising treatment approaches exist (e.g., brief interventions) that can support older adults with at-risk alcohol and substance use. Postacute rehabilitation settings of Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) can offer such programs, but little is known about patient characteristics that are associated with the likelihood of participating in interventions offered in postacute rehabilitation care. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify individual patient characteristics (predisposing, enabling, and need-related factors) associated with participation in a brief alcohol and substance misuse intervention at a SNF. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed medical record data of postacute care patients within a SNF referred to a substance misuse intervention. Participants were 271 patients with a history of substance misuse, 177 of whom enrolled in the intervention and 94 refused. Data collected upon patient admission were used to examine predisposing, enabling, and need-related factors related to likelihood of program participation. Results: Older age and ethnic minority status were associated with a reduction in likelihood to participate, while widowhood increased the likelihood of participation. Conclusion: Upon referral to a substance misuse intervention, clinicians in SNFs should be cognizant that some patients may be more likely to refuse intervention, and additional efforts should be made to engage patients at-risk for refusal.
Blue Whirl Phenomenon: A Potential Fuel-Flexible and Soot-Free Combustion Technology

Current combustion technologies used for energy generation are incapable of burning a wide range of liquid fuels without sacrificing combustion efficiency or requiring system modifications. In this...
Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory conditions. Through practice cases, this talk reviews key elements of pulmonary function testing and distinguishes patterns of pulmonary disease by PFTs.
Machine Learning Based Predictive Models in Mobile Platforms Using CPU-GPU

Physiological signal based interactive systems communicate with human users in real time manner. However, the large size of data generated by sensors, complex computations necessary for processing physiological signals (e.g. machine learning algorithms) hamper the real-time performance of such systems. The main challenges to overcome these issues are limited computational capability of mobile platform and also the latency of offloading computation to servers. A solution is to use predictive models to access future data in order to improve the response time of the system. However, these predictive models have complex computation which result in high execution times on mobile phone that interferes with real time performance. With the advent of OpenCL enabled GPUs in mobile platform, there is a potential of developing general purpose applications (e.g. predictive models) which offload complex computation to GPUs. Although the use of GPUs will reduce the computation time in physiological signal based mobile systems, satisfying the time constraints of these systems can be challenging. That is due to the dynamically changing nature of physiological data which requires frequent updating of physiological models in the system. In this work, computations of a predictive model for brain signals is offloaded to mobile phone GPU. The evaluation of the performance shows that GPU can outperform CPU in mobile platform for general purpose computing.
0053 An analysis of drug overdose deaths by intent in Ohio from 2016–2018

Statement of purpose In 2018, unintentional drug overdose was the leading cause of injury-related deaths among Ohioans. In the same year, drug poisoning was the third leading mechanism of suicide deaths. This session will review the ‘who, when, where, and how’ of overdose deaths from the Ohio Violent Death Reporting System (OH-VDRS) to provide participants with an understanding of the sociodemographic characteristics and related circumstances (e.g., prior suicide attempts, prior mental health or substance use disorder treatment, co-occurring mental health conditions) surrounding overdose deaths. Methods/Approach Descriptive statistics of 2016–2018 OH-VDRS data assessed sociodemographic characteristics of and circumstances preceding deaths by unintentional and intentional (i.e., suicide) drug overdose among Ohio residents who died in Ohio. Results Regardless of intent, most drug overdose decedents were Caucasian (unintentional: 84.6% versus intentional: 95.3%) with a high school degree or less (unintentional: 77.4% versus intentional: 62.5%). While unintentional drug overdose decedents were more likely to be male (67.0%) and 25–34 years old (27.8%), most intentional drug overdose decedents were female (54.9%) and 45–54 years old (26.3%). Regarding circumstances, a larger proportion of unintentional drug overdose decedents had a substance abuse problem (86.2% versus 27.3%), while a larger proportion of intentional drug overdose decedents had a mental health condition (78.9% versus 43.3%). Toxicology differences were noted; antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines were identified as a cause of death in a higher proportion of intentional drug overdose deaths, while cocaine and opioids were identified in more unintentional drug overdose deaths. Conclusion Examining drug overdose trajectories by intent can better inform interventions by targeting diverse prevention strategies to the appropriate populations. Significance A better understanding of drug overdose trajectories by intent could provide evidence to guide the data-driven decision making surrounding the development and implementation of evidence-based policies, programs, and interventions.
The Value of Urgency

Neoclassical microeconomic theory postulates that the value of time is a fraction of an individual’s hourly wage. When taken to the marketplace, however, this value appears to depart from theoretical predictions. To reconcile them, we conceptualize the value of urgency, which reflects penalties for lateness. Observing users repeatedly entering tolled lanes in freeways, we estimate individual hedonic price functions, and show that the value of urgency accounts for 87 percent of total willingness-to-pay for time savings. We document how traditional approaches for cost-benefit analysis fail to detect this benefit, underestimating the true value projects deliver to a large number of individuals.
Implications of in situ chalcogen substitutions in polysulfides for rechargeable batteries

The electrochemical behavior of sulfur-based batteries is intrinsically governed by polysulfide species. Here, we compare the substitutions of selenium and tellurium into polysulfide chains and demonstrate their beneficial impact on the chemistry of lithium–sulfur batteries. While selenium-substituted polysulfides enhance cathode utilization by effectively catalyzing the sulfur/Li2S conversion reactions due to the preferential formation of radical intermediates, tellurium-substituted polysulfides improve lithium cycling efficiency by reducing into a passivating interfacial layer on the lithium surface with low Li+-ion diffusion barriers. This unconventional strategy based on “molecular engineering” of polysulfides and exploiting the intrinsic polysulfide shuttle effect is validated by a ten-fold improvement in the cycle life of lean-electrolyte “anode-free” pouch cells. Assembled with no free lithium metal at the anode, the anode-free configuration maximizes the energy density, mitigates the challenges of handling thin lithium foils, and eliminates self-discharge upon cell assembly. The insights generated into the differences between selenium and tellurium chemistries can be applied to benefit a broad range of metal–chalcogen batteries as well as chalcogenide solid electrolytes.
Diet-induced obesity in mice impairs host defense against Klebsiella pneumonia in vivo and glucose transport and bactericidal functions in neutrophils in vitro.

Obesity impairs host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae but responsible mechanisms are incompletely understood. To determine the impact of diet-induced obesity on pulmonary host defense against K. pneumoniae, we fed 6-week-old male C57BL/6j mice a normal (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) (13% versus 60% fat, respectively) for 16 weeks. Mice were intratracheally infected with Klebsiella, assayed at 24 or 48 h for bacterial colony-forming units, lung cytokines, and leukocytes from alveolar spaces, lung parenchyma, and gonadal adipose tissue were assessed using flow cytometry. Neutrophils from uninfected mice were cultured with and without 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and assessed for phagocytosis, killing, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), transport of 2-DG, and glucose transporter (GLUT1-4) transcripts, and protein expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3. HFD mice had higher lung and splenic bacterial burdens. In HFD mice, baseline lung homogenate concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-ɣ, CXCL2, and TNF-ɑ were reduced relative to ND mice, but following infection were greater for IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL2 and IL-1β (24 h only). Despite equivalent lung homogenate leukocytes, HFD mice had fewer intra-alveolar neutrophils. HFD neutrophils exhibited decreased Klebsiella phagocytosis and killing, and reduced ROI to heat-killed Klebsiella in vitro. 2-DG transport was lower in HFD neutrophils, with reduced GLUT1 and GLUT3 transcripts and protein (GLUT3 only). Blocking glycolysis with 2-DG impaired bacterial killing and ROI production in neutrophils from mice fed ND but not HFD. Diet-induced obesity impairs pulmonary Klebsiella clearance and augments blood dissemination by reducing neutrophil killing and ROI due to impaired glucose transport.
Methods of Computing the Probability of Failure Under Extreme Values of Bending Moment

Methods for predicting the probability of failure under extreme values of bending moment (primary loading only) are developed. In order to obtain an accurate estimate of the extreme values of the bending moment, order statistics are used. The wave bending moment amplitude treated as a random variable is considered to follow, in general, Weibull distribution so that the results could be used for short-term as well as long-term analysis. The probability density function of the extreme values of the wave bending moment is obtained and an estimate is made of the most probable value (that is, the mode) and other relevant statistics. The probability of exceeding a given value of wave bending moment in "n" records and during the operational lifetime of the ship is derived. Using this information, the probability of failure is obtained on the basis of an assumed normal probability density function of the resistive strength and deterministic still-water bending moment. Charts showing the relation of the parameters in a nondimensional form are presented. Examples of the use of the charts for long-term and short-term analysis for predicting extreme values of wave bending moment and the corresponding probability of failure are given.
Considerations on the retention index concept : II. Retention indices and relative retention

Abstract The difference in the retention index values of two adjacent peaks cn be related to the relative retention of those two peaks. This new expression permits the calculation of certain column parameters necessary to obtain a certain resolution of the two peaks.