cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Heavy Pornography Involvement for Romantic Partners: Research and Clinical Implications

This article presents a paradigm case portrait of female romantic partners of heavy pornography users. Based on a sample of 100 personal letters, this portrait focuses on their often traumatic discovery of the pornography usage and the significance they attach to this usage for (a) their relationships, (b) their own worth and desirability, and (c) the character of their partners. Finally, we provide a number of therapeutic recommendations for helping these women to think and act more effectively in their very difficult circumstances.
Spontaneous formation of nanoparticle vesicles from homopolymer polyelectrolytes.

Nanoparticle vesicles were spontaneously assembled from homopolymer polyamine polyelectrolytes and water-soluble, citrate-stabilized quantum dots. The further addition of silica nanoparticles to a solution of quantum dot vesicles generated stable micrometer-sized hollow spheres whose walls were formed of a thick, inner layer of close-packed quantum dots followed by an outer layer of silica. The method employed here to assemble both the nanoparticle vesicles and the hollow spheres is in direct contrast to previous syntheses that use either tailored block copolymers or oil-in-water emulsion templating. We propose that the formation of charge-stabilized hydrogen bonds between the positively charged amines of the homopolymer polyelectrolytes and the negatively charged citrate molecules stabilizing the quantum dots is responsible for the macroscopic phase separation in this completely aqueous system. The ease and processibility of the present approach gives promise for the production of a diverse array of mate...
Selection of hydrocarbon variables to assess reduction of residual oil on nutrient enriched beaches

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) initiated a study of bioremediation to further reduce oil on contaminated beaches after the March 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Effects of two methods for delivering mixtures of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to oiled beaches were compared to a control. Several forms of hydrocarbon variables were selected as indicators of fertilizer effects in reducing residual oil amounts over that which would disappear by natural causes. The resulting data set was analyzed by multivariate statistical procedures to illustrate a protocol for selection of an optimum set of variables to assess reduction of residual oil through nutrient enrichment applications and to determine statistically significant differences among the treatment application methods. One subset of variables, nC18, phytane, and the sum of amounts of hydrocarbons nC18-nC27, was effective for prediction of amount of residual oil while another subset of variables, phytane, nC22, ratio of nC18/phytane, and residual dry oil, was successful for distinguishing differences in treatments by multivariate analysis of variance and its' associated canonical analysis. The ranked order of differences from small to large in variable responses to fertilization application methods were control, liquid-solid application, and sprinkler application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
New invariant measures to track slow parameter drifts in fast dynamical systems

Estimates of quantitative characteristics of nonlinear dynamics, e.g., correlation dimension or Lyapunov exponents, require long time series and are sensitive to noise. Other measures (e.g., phase space warping or sensitivity vector fields) are relatively difficult to implement and computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose a new class of features based on Birkhoff ergodic theorem, which are fast and easy to calculate. They are robust to noise and do not require large data or computational resources. Application of these metrics in conjunction with the smooth orthogonal decomposition to identify/track slowly changing parameters in nonlinear dynamical systems is demonstrated using both synthetic and experimental data.
Phishing: Crime that pays

Email phishing requires functional countermeasures, as does any crime that results in millions of dollars in yearly losses. Many financial institutions currently combat phishing by contracting takedown companies that remove relevant phishing websites as soon as possible after they are detected. By comparing the median time necessary for professionals to take a phishing website down to the average time it takes for a phishing website to turn a profit for its creator, I have demonstrated the overall ineffectiveness of the takedown process. On average, takedown companies fail to eradicate phishing websites before their creators garner valuable information from multiple victims. Furthermore, forensic evidence that could lead to the arrest of the cybercriminals responsible for the phishing websites is often ignored because these takedown companies do not profit from cooperating with criminal investigations. Hence, there is no deterrence against phishing. An anti-phishing protocol that involves website takedown, but also includes investigation and eventual prosecution would likely be more effective than a self-perpetuating system that concludes after a malicious website is terminated.
Psychological characteristics of males with secondary erectile failure

This study was designed to obtain objective data on the personality profiles of two groups of males with a primary complaint of erectile failure and compare them to a group of psychiatric patients unselected for sexual dysfunction and to a sexually “normal” control group. Utilizing the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Institute of Personality and Ability Testing Anxiety Scale, Symptom Checklist, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, it was determined that males applying to a university/county hospital sex-dysfunction clinic appeared similar to patients seen in the same clinic who were unselected for sex dysfunction and more psychologically disturbed than patients with the same complaint applying for treatment at a private clinic. All three groups showed more psychopathology than sexually normal males. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Factor Analysis and Case Selection in Complex Societies: A Buganda Example

0f major concern to anthropologists today is the viability of their traditional research procedures for comprehending large, complex societies. In a recent review of these matters, Despres has observed that: The problem involves the impending extinction of the so-called primitive societies in which anthropologists have done most of their work and the growing realization that anthropology's future as a scientific discipline depends upon the ability of anthropologists to define and undertake meaningful research in the so-called complex societies . . . without undergoing corrective surgery with respect to the theoretical and methodological "deformities" that have developed over the years as a result of anthropology's preoccupation with simple societies and cultures.
Lysimeter Study of Nitrate Leaching from a Corn‐Soybean Rotation

High rates of N fertilizer in the production of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) have resulted in excessive nitrate N (NO 3 -N) leaching, with concentrations in ground water frequently exceeding the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L. This study was conducted to determine whether NO 3 -N leaching would be reduced by allowing for a legume N credit for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and applying less N fertilizer to corn in a corn-soybean rotation than would be applied to continuous corn. A rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop was used following soybean. In the spring of each corn year, 140 kg N/ha as NH 4 NO 3 was surface applied to two large, undisturbed monolith lysimeters (8.1 m 2 surface area, 2.4 m deep), and 196 kg N/ha was applied to two other lysimeters. Prior to 6 yr of this treatment, there was a 6 yr period during which lysimeters received 224 kg N/ha in the spring of the corn year. The highest NO 3 -N concentrations and the most transport occurred during the winter/spring soil moisture recharge period (November through April). Concentrations of NO 3 -N in the percolate from all four lysimeters were similar, with a 6-yr, flow-weighted average of 9.9 ± 2.5 mg/L. Although reducing N fertilizer inputs in a corn-soybean rotation to allow for a legume N credit may lower N leaching amounts and concentrations, the NO 3 -N MCL may still be exceeded. For a given year, weather can impact percolation and leaching more than the current crop.
Magnetohydrodynamic Vortex Containment, Part 3: 1-D Axisymmetric Flow Model

This is the third in a series of papers on research conducted on magnetohydrodynamically driven vortex containment for gas core nuclear propulsion. This paper takes the chemical, electrical, and optical properties of the propellant/fuel mixture derived in the previous work and uses them in a 1-D axisymmetric flow model to assess the effectiveness of using MHD to improve fuel confinement in the vortex. Governing equations for mass, momentum, and energy transport are derived, and reduced to dimensionless forms. Some of the free parameters in the system design are constrained based on physical considerations, whereas others are constrained through optimization. The opacity of the fuel/propellant mixture permits the use of a diffusive equation for radiative heat transfer, and the results show that this transfer to the outer walls of the vortex is not the limiting factor in performance as is often assumed. However, requirements on limiting the uranium loading at the outer walls are found to fundamentally limit the allowable heating rate within the vortex. As a consequence, the core temperature is shown to be limited to around 5000 K, and the specific impulse to around 1200-1500 s.
How similar are the mice to men? Between-species comparison of left ventricular mechanics using strain imaging.

Background: While mammalian heart size maintains constant proportion to whole body size, scaling of left ventricular (LV) function parameters shows a more complex scaling pattern. We used 2-D speckle tracking strain imaging to determine whether LV myocardial strains and strain rates scale to heart size. Methods: We studied 18 mice, 15 rats, 6 rabbits, 12 dogs and 20 human volunteers by 2-D echocardiography. Relationship between longitudinal or circumferential strains/strain rates (SLong/SRLong ,S Circ/SRCirc), and LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) or mass were assessed by the allometric (power-law) equation Y=kM b . Results: Mean LV mass in individual species varied from 0.038 to 134 g, LV EDV varied from 0.015 to 102 ml, while RR interval varied from 81 to 1090 ms. While SLong increased with increasing LV EDV or mass (b values 0.04760.006 and 0.05160.005, p,0.0001 vs. 0 for both) SCirc was unchanged (p=NS for both LV EDV or mass). Systolic and diastolic SRLong and SRCirc showed inverse correlations to LV EDV or mass (p,0.0001 vs. 0 for all comparisons). The ratio between SLong and SCirc increased with increasing values of LV EDV or mass (b values 0.03960.010 and 0.04060.011, p.0.0003 for both). Conclusions: While SCirc is unchanged, SLong increases with increasing heart size, indicating that large mammals rely more on long axis contribution to systolic function. SRLong and SRCirc, both diastolic and systolic, show an expected decrease with increasing heart size.
CHARACTERISATION OF THE DIATOM PHOTOPHOBIC RESPONSE TO HIGH IRRADIANCE

It has previously been shown that high intensity light irradiation at the leading tip of a moving benthic diatom can trigger reversals of cell direction. In this paper we have begun to characterise this response, determining the irradiance threshold and exposure durations needed to stimulate a response, as well as the amount of time that the effect of irradiation persists in the cell. Using irradiation levels of ca. 5 × 105 μmol m−2 s−1 (at 470 nm), we found that for Craticula cuspidata a reversal response requires a minimum exposure duration of 10 ms; exposures ≥ 100 ms stimulated 95–100% of cells to change direction. Using a single uninterrupted 2 s irradiation, cells show a threshold of response at ca. 1 × 103 μmol m−2 s−1. Using two irradiation pulses in rapid succession, we determined that cells can resolve individual light pulses as closely spaced as 1 ms. Similarly, when using longer total exposures broken up into a number of shorter light pulses, cell responses diminish rapidly if the pulses are s...
The cheated god: death and personal time

Arntzenius, F. and D. McCarthy. 1997. The two envelope paradox and infinite expectations. Analysis 57: 42–50. Chalmers, D. 2002. The St. Petersburg two-envelope paradox. Analysis 62: 155–57. Schervish, M. J., T. Seidenfeld and J. B. Kadane. 2004. Stopping to reflect. Journal of Philosophy 101: 315–22. van Fraassen, B. 1984. Belief and the will. Journal of Philosophy 81: 235–56. van Fraassen, B. 1995. Belief and the problem of Ulysses and the sirens. Philosophical Studies 77: 7–37.
Sheet molding compound resins from soybean oil: Thickening behavior and mechanical properties

Thermosetting resins for sheet molding compound (SMC) and bulk molding compound applications were synthesized from soybean oil. The SMC resins were prepared from maleated hydroxylated soybean oil (MHSO) and maleated acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (MAESO) with styrene. When thickened with divalent cations such as MgO, these resins exhibited a substantial rise in viscosity at room temperature because of complexation of MgO with the terminal acid groups on maleic anhydride. The resulting high viscosity sheet upon heating rapidly reduced its viscosity as the labile MgO-acid groups thermally disassociated. The flexural strength σ and moduli E of these polymers varied from 61 to 87 MPa and from 1.6 to 2.4 GPa, respectively and the tensile strength and moduli varied from 27 to 44 MPa and from 1.6 to 2.5 GPa, respectively. The mechanical and fracture properties of these polymers were related to the amount of functional groups f, on the fatty acid backbone, and followed the Rigidity Percolation and Twinkling Fractal Theories, σ ∼ [Eν]1/2, where ν ∼ [f − 1]. The fracture energy GIC decreased significantly with increasing crosslink density, as GIC ∼ ν−2 and the plastic zone rp decreased as rp ∼ ν−3. The new bio-based resins possessed mechanical and thermal properties comparable with petroleum-based unsaturated polyesters. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1469–1479, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Video analysis of playground injury-risk situations

An observational study was conducted to examine injury-risk situations as they occurred during playground recess periods. A process analysis approach was used to describe antecedent conditions, response, consequence, and reaction depicted in the video scenes. Results indicate that boys were more involved than girls, playground equipment was frequently used improperly, aggressive behaviors were sometimes a factor, situations occurred more frequently with nonteacher than teacher monitors, and children infrequently took action to stop the situations. Other children were more likely to react to the target child than the monitor. Direction is provided for child and monitor safety promotion programs.
Genetic Algorithm Development for Multiobjective Optimization of Structures

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have the characteristic of maintaining a population of solutions and can search in a parallel manner for many nondominated solutions. These features coincide with the requirement of seeking a Pareto optimal set in a multiobjective (multicriteria, vector) optimization problem. The rationale for multiobjective optimization via GAs is that at each generation, the fitness of each individual is defined according to its nondominated property. Because nondominated individuals are assigned the highest fitness values, the convergence of a population will go to the nondominated zone: the Pareto optimal set. Based on this concept, a Pareto GA, whose goal is to locate the Pareto optimal set of a multiobjective optimization problem, is developed. In this GA, to avoid missing Pareto optimal points during evolutionary processes, a new concept called Pareto-set filter is adopted. At each generation, the points of rank 1 are put into the filter and undergo a nondominated check. In addition, a niche technique is provided to prevent genetic drift in population evolution. This technique sets a replacement rule for reproduction procedures. For a constrained optimization problem, a revised penalty function method is introduced to transfer a constrained problem into a nonconstralned one. The transferred function of a point contains information on a point's status (feasible or infeasible), position in a search region, and distance to the Pareto optimal set Two multiobjective optimization examples, a 25-bar space truss optimal design (objectives: structural weight and virtual work, constraints: stresses) and a four-bar pyramid truss with control system (objectives: structural weight and control effort, constraints: closed-loop frequencies) are provided to demonstrate analysis procedures of the proposed Pareto GA.
Lensless stereo microscopic imaging

A simple inexpensive high-contrast stereo microscopic is constructed from a single video imager sensor. Two field-synchronous LEDs illuminate the subject creating disparity. The stereo microscope outputs standard field-sequential 3D video and is compatible with commercial head mounted displays and LCD shutter glasses.
The time course of fear incubation following single-trial passive-avoidance training

The time course of fear incubation was obtained by measuring single-trial passive-avoidance latencies in an alley following postshock training delays of 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, or 60 h for different groups of rats. The function relating mean running latency and postshock delay interval was increasing and negatively accelerated, reaching a maximum at 24 h. Some problems with relating the different incubation functions derived by a single-trial passive-avoidance procedure vs an active-avoidance procedure are discussed.
Fashioning the Italian nation: Risorgimento and its costumeall'italiana

This article retraces the debate that emerged during the nineteenth century about the need to create a modern Italian fashion that could restrain the popular use of foreign clothing, in particular that imported from France and Austria. While we usually refer to the 1950s when we think of Made-in-Italy fashion, it was during the Risorgimento that a public discussion began to take shape on the possibility of creating a national self, vested in Italy's specific character and history. Made of black velvet and accompanied by a hat with a feather, the nineteenth-century costume all'italiana was supposed to incarnate the essence of the modern Italian, although it never turned into a commercial reality. What it did, however, was successfully to communicate a message of national unity based on the notion of national sacrifice and expressed through a visual image of blackness – a message that resonated widely in Italy's nationalist discourse throughout and beyond the nineteenth century.
Compartmental models with multiple sources of stochastic variability: The one-compartment, time invariant hazard rate case

Previous stochastic compartmental models have introduced the primary source of stochasticity through either a probabilistic transfer mechanism or a random rate coefficient. This paper combines these primary sources into a unified stochastic compartmental model. Twelve different stochastic models are produced by combining various sources of stochasticity and the mean value and the covariance for each of the twelve models is derived. The covariance of each model has a different form whereby the individual sources of stochasticity are identificable from data. The various stochastic models are illustrated for certain specified distributions of the rate coefficient and of the initial count. Several properties of the models are derived and discussed. Among these is the fact that the expected count of a model with a random rate coefficient will always exceed the expected count of a model with a fixed coefficient evaluated at the mean rate. A general modeling strategy for the onecompartment, time invariant hazard rate is also proposed.
Knowledge Beyond the Margin for Error

Epistemicists say there is a last positive instance in a sorites sequence-we just cannot know which is the last. Timothy Williamson explains that knowledge requires a margin for error and this ensures that the last heap will not be knowable as a heap. However, there is a class of disjunctive predicates for which knowledge at the thresholds is possible. They generate sorites paradoxes that cannot be diagnosed with the margin for error principle.
Ionization of aqueous dimethylbenzoic acids: Conductance and thermodynamics

Precise conductance measurements are reported for four xylic acids, 2,3-2,5-2,6 and 3,5-dimethylbenzoics. Limiting molar conductances ΛO and pK a obtained from a Fuoss type analysis, are reported for each of these acids at five degree intervals covering the range from 0° to 100°C. The ΛO values for each acid are described by a polynomial in the Celsius temperature. The pK a were smoothed as a function of the Kelvin temperature T with an equation of the form: $$pK_{\text{a}} = A{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}B/T{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}C{\text{ }}logT{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}DT$$ where the term linear in T was required only for the 2,3-acid. Standard enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity changes were calculated by suitable differentiation of this equation. Walden products were calculated for the four anions at each of the temperatures and are compared with earlier data for the toluate and the benzoate ions. Those acids with ortho groups undergo a large decrease in enthalpy on ionization and are substantially more acidic than benzoic acid. These effects are especially large for 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. A methyl group in the meta position lowers acidity slightly both in m-toluic and in 2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid. However, 2,3-dimethylbenzoic acid is more acidic than o-toluic.
Towards an elastic-plastic fracture mechanics predictive capability for reactor piping

Abstract Intergranular stress corrosion cracks have been discovered in the recirculation bypass piping and core spray lines of several boiling water reactor (BWR) plants. These cracks initiate in heat-affected zones of girth welds and grow circumferentially by combined stress corrosion and fatigue. Reactor piping is mainly type 304 stainless steel, a material which exhibits high ductility and toughness. A test program described in this paper demonstrates that catastrophic crack growth in these materials is preceded by considerable amounts of stable crack growth accompanied by large plastic deformation. Thus, conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics, which only applies to the initiation of crack growth in materials behaving in a predominantly linear elastic fashion, is inadequate for a failure analysis of reactor piping. This paper is based upon research initiated by a need to develop a realistic failure prediction and a way to delineate leak-before-break conditions for reactor piping. An effective engineering solution for the type of cracks that have been discovered in BWR plants was first developed. This was based upon a simple net section flow stress criterion. Subsequent work to develop an elastic-plastic fracture mechanics methodology has also been pursued. A survey of progress being made is described in this paper. This work is based on the use of finite element models together with experimental results to identify criteria appropriate for the onset of crack extension and for stable crack growth. A number of criteria have been evaluated. However, the optimum fracture criterion has not yet been determined, even for conditions which do not include all of the complications involved in reactor piping.
Comparison of long‐ and short‐range magnetic‐order development in Ni3Mn

The magnetic‐order development in polycrystalline Ni‐Mn alloys near the Ni3Mn composition has been studied as a function of atomic ordering during anneal at both 500 °C (short range) and 400 °C (long range) after an initial quench from 1000 °C. The data were analyzed using a simple Langevin superparamagnetism model to obtain a qualitative description of the magnetic‐cluster‐growth kinetics in each case. For annealing at 500 °C, the clusters seem to ’’pop in’’ during the initial 5‐min anneal, remain at constant concentration up to 3–5 h, and then decrease in concentration. The cluster moment increases smoothly, with a roughly exponential time dependence and a time constant of about 20 h. For annealing at 400 °C, the behavior is reversed. The moment remains constant for annealing times up to 200 h. The concentration increases continuously and evidences no saturation at the 200‐h time limit of the present data.
Poly(diiododiacetylene) : Preparation, Isolation, and Full Characterization of a Very Simple Poly(diacetylene)

Poly(diiodiacetylene), or PIDA, is a conjugated polymer containing the poly(diacetylene) (PDA) backbone but with only iodine atom substituents. The monomer diiodobutadiyne (1) can be aligned in the solid state with bis(nitrile) oxalamide hosts by hydrogen bonds between oxalamide groups and weak Lewis acid-base interactions (halogen bonds) between nitriles and iodoalkynes. The resulting cocrystals start out pale blue but turn shiny and copper-colored as the polymerization progresses. The development of a crystallization methodology that greatly improves the yield of PIDA to about 50% now allows the full characterization of the polymer by X-ray diffraction, solid-state (13)C MAS NMR, Raman, and electron absorption spectroscopy. Comparison of a series of hosts reveals an odd-even effect in the topochemical polymerization, based on the alkyl chain length of the host. In the cocrystals formed with bis(pentanenitrile) oxalamide (4) and bis(heptanenitrile) oxalamide (6), the host/guest ratio is 1:2 and the monomer polymerizes spontaneously at room temperature, while in the case of bis(butanenitrile) oxalamide (3) and bis(hexanenitrile) oxalamide (5), where the host and guest form cocrystals in a 1:1 ratio, the polymerization is disfavored and does not go to completion. The topochemical polymerization can also be observed in water suspensions of micrometer-sized 6.1 cocrystals; the size distribution of these microcrystals, and the resulting polymer chains, can be controlled by sonication. Completely polymerized PIDA cocrystals show a highly resolved vibronic progression in their UV/vis absorption spectra. Extensive rinsing of the crystals in organic solvents such as methanol, THF, and chloroform separates the polymer from the soluble host. Once isolated, PIDA forms blue suspensions in a variety of solvents. The UV/vis absorption spectra of these suspensions match the cocrystal spectrum, without the vibronic resolution. However, they also include a new longer-wavelength absorption peak, associated with aggregation of the polymer chains.
Defining the aetiology of erectile dysfunction in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Summary Men presenting with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) frequently report concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED), but the underlying cause of ED in this patient population has not been previously studied. This study prospectively investigated the aetiology of ED in men with CPPS. The study population comprised 46 men with penile pain or dysorgasmia, and concomitant ED. All participants completed the NIH-CPSI and international index of erectile function- erectile function domain (IIEF-EFD) questionnaires, and underwent penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DUS), following intracavernosal trimix injection, to evaluate erectile hemodynamic parameters. Pearson's correlation between NIH-CPSI and IIEF-EFD scores, and between NIH-CPSI score and the erectile response to trimix injections was investigated. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe CPPS symptoms was 26, 48 and 26% respectively. The severity of ED was mild, moderate or severe in 15, 61 and 24% of men respectively. NIH-CPSI and IIEF-EFD scores were negatively correlated (r = −0.32, p = 0.002). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were normal in 96 and 100% of men respectively. The majority of men (78%) required ≥2 trimix injections to attain an adequate erection for DUS. NIH-CPSI scores and the number of trimix injections needed were positively correlated (r = 0.22, p = 0.035). The aetiology of erectile dysfunction in men who present with CPPS and concomitant ED is almost always psychogenic. Penile DUS in this population of men is fraught with the potential for error, and frequently necessitates more than one dose of a vasoactive agent.
Differential expression of caveolin-1 in renal neoplasms

BACKGROUND. Caveolin-1 is a major component of membrane caveolae, which are specialized lipid raft microdomains on cell membrane that are implicated in molecular transport, cell adhesion, and signal transduction. The overexpression of caveolin-1 recently was associated with a poor outcome in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and was proposed as a useful diagnostic marker. In the current study, the authors used immunohistochemistry to investigate the membranous and cytoplasmic expression of caveolin-1 and its correlation with other pathologic parameters in different subtypes of renal neoplasms. METHODS. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 60 normal kidneys, 22 CCRCCs, 20 papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs), 16 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs), and 19 oncocytomas (ONCs). The TMA was immunostained for caveolin-1 protein. Both membranous and cytoplasmic caveolin-1 expression levels were measured and were correlated with tumor size, Fuhrman nuclear grade, and pathologic stage. RESULTS. Caveolin-1 was expressed normally in distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, parietal cells of Bowman capsule, smooth muscle, and vascular endothelial cells. Membranous caveolin-1 expression was detected in 19 of 22 CCRCCs (86.4%), which was significantly higher than the membranous caveolin-1 expression detected in PRCCs (1 of 20 tumors; 5%), ChRCCs (0 of 16 tumors; 0%), and ONCs (1 of 19 tumors; 5.3%). Cytoplasmic caveolin-1 expression was detected in 16 of 22 CCRCCs (72.7%), in 13 of 20 PRCCs (65%), in 8 of 16 ChRCCs, (50%), and in 13 of 19 ONCs (68.4%). The percentage of tumors that expressed cytoplasmic caveolin-1 did not differ significantly among the different types of renal tumors (P = .1). Only membranous caveolin-1 expression was correlated with tumor size (Pearson correlation = 0.266; P = .043). There was no correlation between membranous or cytoplasmic caveolin-1 expression and other pathologic parameters, including Fuhrman nuclear grade and staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, lymph node, metastasis classification system. CONCLUSIONS. Caveolin-1 expression has 2 distinctive patterns in renal neoplasms: membranous and cytoplasmic. In the current study, membranous caveolin-1 expression was detected predominantly in CCRCCs and only rarely in other subtypes of renal neoplasms. Thus, the current results indicated that caveolin-1 expression may have potential both as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors and as a therapeutic target, especially for CCRCC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Peroral enteroscopic removal of a retained percutaneous transhepatic guidewire from the jejunum using a colonoscope

Several authors have described the ability to perform small-intestine endoscopy with long, flexible fiberscopes. A peroral colonoscope has been used for small-bowel enteroscopy and biopsy. A pediatric colonoscope for jejunoscopy has been described. Herein we report a patient undergoing percutaneous transhepatic decompression for the extrahepatic biliary obstruction in whom the guidewire broke and was lost in the liver. The proximal end of the wire was within the liver, while the distal end exited the ampulla and lay within the upper jejunum. Utilizing a peroral approach with the flexible pediatric colonoscope, we recovered the guidewire without advancing it further into the jejunum, where it may have been lost and have necessitated a celiotomy.
Manipulating and storing spin coherence in semiconductors

Abstract Femtosecond-resolved optical experiments reveal a remarkable resistance of quantum spin states to environmental decoherence in a variety of semiconductors. Optical pulses are used to create a superposition of the basis spin states defined by an applied magnetic field, and to follow the phase, amplitude, and location of the resulting electronic spin precession in bulk semiconductors, heterostructures, and quantum dots. The data show that spin lifetimes can exceed hundreds of nanoseconds and spin packets can be transported over a hundred microns in some of these systems. Spatial imaging and dynamical magnetometry monitors decoherence and dephasing of itinerant spin information as it flows not only through semiconductors, but also across dissimilar material interfaces in engineered structures. Periodic excitation of the electronic spin system can be used to resonantly operate on the nuclear spins of a semiconductor host and to detect associated changes in the nuclear magnetization, thereby demonstrating all-optical nuclear magnetic resonance.
The ultimate exit strategy

This paper briefly provides some thoughts on forward planning in end‐of‐life care, noting that there are good reasons for taking action with regard to our own demise. Provides an example of living will.
A State Legislative Approach to Recovering Students Who Drop out of School

Colorado Second Chance programs to reduce drop-out rates have suffered from school system inflexibility and lack of funding.
Accessing External Knowledge: Intention of Knowledge Exchange in Virtual Community of Practice

As the competition between firms increases rapidly, it is critical to innovate continuously. Accessing external knowledge is essential to have continuous innovative products. This paper focuses on the virtual community of practice (VCoP), is a type of community of practice but exists virtually for acquiring and sharing external knowledge. To find out users'' intentions of using VCoP, this papr adopts TRA(Theory of Reasoned Action) and also categorizes two attitude: Knowledge sharing and knowledge acquiring. 105 VCoP users responded through email-based survey. The results shows that reciprocal relationships, sense of self-worth, job relevance, and perceived content quality have a positive influence on attitudes toward knowledge exchange. However, perceived system quality has no significant impact.
TRIB3 Mediates Glucose-Induced Insulin Resistance via a Mechanism That Requires the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway

In the current study, we investigated the role of tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) in glucose-induced insulin resistance and whether the induction of TRIB3 by glucose is dependent on the nutrient-sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) known to mediate glucose toxicity in diabetes. In diabetic rats, TRIB3 expression in skeletal muscle was increased after 10 days of hyperglycemia, and glycemia and muscle TRIB3 were both restored toward normal by insulin therapy. In L6 myocytes, the induction of TRIB3 by high glucose or glucosamine was reversible upon removal of these substrates. To assess the role of HBP in the induction of TRIB3, we demonstrated that the ability of high glucose to augment TRIB3 expression was prevented by azaserine, an inhibitor of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the HBP pathway. TRIB3 expression was also substantially stimulated by glucosamine, which bypasses GFAT, accompanied by a decrease in the insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate, and neither response was affected by azaserine. Further, knockdown of TRIB3 inhibited, and TRIB3 overexpression enhanced, the ability of both high glucose and glucosamine to induce insulin resistance. These data provide the mechanistic link between the HBP flux and insulin resistance and point to TRIB3 as a novel target for treatment of glucose-induced insulin resistance.
Homeownership and Housing Displacement after Hurricane Katrina among Low-Income African-American Mothers in New Orleans

OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the effect of pre-Katrina housing tenure and post-disaster financial resources on the odds of housing displacement after Hurricane Katrina for a sample of low-income African-American mothers. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from a sample of low-income African-American mothers with pre-Katrina measures of housing tenure and individual characteristics and post-Katrina indicators of disaster impacts, we estimate a multinomial logistic regression model predicting post-Katrina housing outcomes. RESULTS: Among low-income African-American mothers, homeowners' odds of being in their pre-Katrina home rather than a new home are greater than those of renters, while renters' odds of being in a pre-Katrina home are greater than those of subsidized housing residents, ceteris paribus. The difference in homeowners' and renters' odds is reduced to insignificance when access to private insurance is added to the model, although the difference for subsidized housing residents remains. CONCLUSION: Homeownership and disaster assistance protect against housing displacement. Renters, especially those in subsidized housing, were more vulnerable to housing loss after this disaster. Language: en
Rational Theory for a Bygone Era

In its breathtaking comprehensiveness, analytic power and clarity, creative fusion of theoretical materials, and sheer density of logic, Rational Theory of International Politics qualifies as a mus...
Symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in an outpatient population before and after Hurricane Katrina.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an outpatient psychiatric population before and after Hurricane Katrina. The sample consisted of 156 patients (110 females; Mage 541.2 years, SD 510.9) at an outpatient psychiatric clinic who completed measures of psychological symptoms as part of their regular clinical care in the month before (n 576; 49%) and the 1 month after (n 580; 51%) Hurricane Katrina made landfall. Partially consistent with prediction, depression scores were significantly higher in the month following the hurricane, but PTSD scores were not significantly different. Depressive symptoms after the hurricane were predicted by watching television coverage of the looting that occurred in New Orleans and by the amount of time the participant was without electricity. Symptoms of PTSD after the hurricane were predicted by the participants’ use of general television viewing as a coping strategy, the amount of time they spent watching television coverage of the looting in New Orleans, and the use of prayer as a coping behavior. Of these variables, only prayer was associated with a decrease in PTSD symptoms. Findings are discussed in relation to the need for collaborative efforts between clinically oriented and researchoriented institutions to study the impact of large-scale disasters on a variety of populations. Depression and Anxiety 25:416–421, 2008. r 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Advanced information management tools for individual and organizational learning

The complexity associated with today's more turbulent environment, as well as the pluralism that results from the nature of group decision making are specific factors that challenge decision makers. This paper reports on the use of advanced information tools to enhance individual and organizational learning in a specific strategic decision setting. The development of the system was funded by a private-sector organization concerned with enhancing their process of strategic allocation of research funds. The purpose of the system is to enhance learning and joint decision making within these organizations. Extensive evaluation of the effects of using the tool with more than 100 decision makers has been conducted. Initial results of that evaluation are reported.
Meta-class features for large-scale object categorization on a budget

In this paper we introduce a novel image descriptor enabling accurate object categorization even with linear models. Akin to the popular attribute descriptors, our feature vector comprises the outputs of a set of classifiers evaluated on the image. However, unlike traditional attributes which represent hand-selected object classes and predefined visual properties, our features are learned automatically and correspond to “abstract” categories, which we name meta-classes. Each meta-class is a super-category obtained by grouping a set of object classes such that, collectively, they are easy to distinguish from other sets of categories. By using “learnability” of the meta-classes as criterion for feature generation, we obtain a set of attributes that encode general visual properties shared by multiple object classes and that are effective in describing and recognizing even novel categories, i.e., classes not present in the training set. We demonstrate that simple linear SVMs trained on our meta-class descriptor significantly outperform the best known classifier on the Caltech256 benchmark. We also present results on the 2010 ImageNet Challenge database where our system produces results approaching those of the best systems, but at a much lower computational cost.
SMART C: A Semantic Macro Replacement Translator for C

Programmers often want to transform the source or binary representations of their programs (e.g., to optimize, add dynamic safety checks, or add profile gathering code). Unfortunately, existing approaches to program transformation are either disruptive to the source (hand transformation), difficult to implement (ad hoc analysis tools), or functionally limited (macros). We propose an extension to the C programming language called the Semantic Macro Replacement Translator (SMART C). SMART C allows for the specification of very general type-aware transformations of all operations, statements, and declarations of the C programming language without exposing the programmer to the complexities of the system?s internal representations. We have implemented a prototype SMART C sourceto- source translator and show its use in transforming programs for buffer overflow detection, format string vulnerability detection, and weighted call graph profiling. We show that SMART C achieves a pragmatic balance between generality and ease of use.
Demands and capacities or demands and performance

Abstract The Demands and Capacities Model of stuttering purportedly provides a framework for obtaining information concerning a child's capacities for fluency and the demands placed on the child by the environment and for integrating that information in devising individual therapy plans. The current paper analyzes the model, with specific attention to the status of the “capacities” component. It is suggested that the model is more accurately characterized as a Demands and Performance rather than a Demands and Capacity Model because capacities are not actually addressed.
Development of a High Voltage, 150 ps Pulse Generator for Biological Applications

The use of prolate-spheroidal reflectors as part of a picosecond impulse radiating antenna (IRA) allows us to generate near-field electric fields with high spatial resolution in dielectric and even slightly conductive matter such as biological tissue. In order to achieve spatial resolution on the order of one centimeter, pulses with durations on the order of 100 ps are required. We have developed a pulse generator which provides 150 ps FWHM pulses with an amplitude up to 60 kV into a 50 Omega load with a variation in amplitude of 7%. The pulse generator consists of a four stage Marx bank with a peaking switch and tailcut switch. The rise time of the output pulse from the Marx generator is reduced to 100 ps by means of the adjustable peaking switch. The adjustable tailcut switch, between the inner and outer conductor of the cable, is placed at a distance of 6 cm from the 50 Omega load resistor. This tail-cut switch determines the duration and amplitude of the pulse. The voltage across the load is measured by a capacitive divider probe, placed between the load resistor and the tail-cut switch. By adjusting the input voltage and the gap of the tail-cut switch, it was possible to adjust the pulse width and amplitude. The shortest pulse width recorded was 135 ps at 50 kV. The largest pulse amplitude was recorded at 120 kV with a 185 ps pulse duration.
Injective modules over Mori domains

Injective modules are considered over commutative domains. It is shown that every injective module admits a decomposition into two summands, where one of the summands contains an essential submodule whose elements have divisorial annihilator ideals, while the other summand contains no element with divisorial annihilator. In the special case of Mori domains (i.e., the divisorial ideals satisfy the maximum condition), the first summand is a direct sum of a S-injective module and a module that has no such summand. The former is a direct sum of indecomposable injectives, while the latter is the injective hull of such a direct sum. Those Mori domains R are characterized for which the injective hull of Q/R is S-injective (Q denotes the field of quotients of R) as strong Mori domains, correcting a false claim in the literature.
Protein reserves of ruminant animals: NT-methylhistidine as an index of myofibrillar protein turnover.

Data on protein reserves in ruminant animals are limited. Protein reserves are utilized by high‐producing lactating dairy cattle during early lactation. Protein turnover within the body of an animal provides a mechanism for continuous redistribution of amino acids. Nitrogen balance studies have been used by researchers to investigate nitrogen utilization and protein reserves in ruminant animals. This method provides no information on where nitrogen is stored within the body or from which tissues nitrogen is mobilized. Urinary excretion of NT‐methylhistidine appears to be a measure of myofibrillaf protein turnover, particularly in rats and humans. It has not been demonstrated that this method can be used as an index of myofibrillar protein turnover in ruminant animals.
Concept analysis of self-mutilation.

AIM: This paper is a report of a concept analysis to define and describe self-mutilation. BACKGROUND: Although there has been an increased interest in self-mutilation, as evidenced by recent publication of opinion literature, anecdotal reports and a few clinical studies, the concept has not been well developed to guide nursing research and interventions. METHOD: Definitions and uses of self-mutilation were obtained in a comprehensive review of the health, psychology and education literature up to April 2007 to identify the defining attributes, antecedents and consequences. Walker and Avant's concept analysis strategy was the organizing framework. FINDINGS: Self-mutilation is the intentional act of tissue destruction with the purpose of shifting overwhelming emotional pain to a more acceptable physical pain. Antecedents of self-mutilation are impaired coping skills and an unhealthy response to situations that cause unbearable emotional stress. Limited research suggests that risk factors for self-mutilation may be White race, adolescent age, female sex and history of sexual abuse as a child. Although self-mutilation allows the individual to gain control over emotions and provides a diversion from emotional pain, a release of endorphins after the physical damage that contributes to the feeling of relief supports an addictive maladaptive coping cycle of pain, relief, shame and self-hate. CONCLUSION: The theoretical definition of the concept of self-mutilation offers the basis for nurses to develop interventions to provide competent care when discovering injuries that are self-inflicted. Language: en