cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurately determining eutectic compositions: The Sn-Ag-Cu ternary eutectic

Determining an accurate eutectic composition is more difficult than determining the corresponding eutectic temperature, a fact that was demonstrated in this study using a lead-free solder: the tin-rich Sn-Ag-Cu ternary eutectic. The solidification of this ternary eutectic involves the solid phases (Sn), Ag3Sn, and Cu6Sn5. The liquid is prone to supercooling, the intermetallics have steep liquidus surfaces (small phase fractions), and the coupled zone of eutectic microstructure formation is shifted toward silver-rich and copper-rich compositions. These issues were overcome by a combination of methods: preliminary thermodynamic calculation of the ternary phase diagram to anticipate difficulties, increased sensitivity of the thermal analysis, and a cycled heating and cooling method. The experimentally determined composition of the ternary eutectic is Sn-3.58±0.05Ag-0.96±0.04Cu at 217.2±0.2°C.
Comparison of kPs values in pure pentene isomers and in abs. EtOH/cis-2-pentene/Pt, abs. EtOH/cis-2-pentene/Pt-on-charcoal and D2O mixtures

k Ps values are an indication of o-Ps reactivity in molecular media via pseudo first order kinetics. Although pure pentene isomers exhibit similar o-Ps annihilation characteristics, cis-2-pentene shows rather unusual behavior when mixed with abs. EtOH and a heavy metal catalyst. In this study, comparison of k Ps values in pure 1-pentene, trans-2-pentene and cis-2-pentene isomers with those for various abs. EtOH/pentene isomers/Pt, abs. EtOH/pentene isomer/Pt-on-charcoal and D2O/Pd mixtures will serve to further characterise o-Ps behavior in molecular liquids. The k Ps values will also be indirectly related to catalytic activity of Pt and Pt-on-charcoal
A gene‐dosage PCR method for the detection of elastin gene deletions in patients with Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem developmental disorder associated with microdeletions at 7q11.23 that involve several genes, including the elastin gene. Using genomic DNA from a panel of normal individuals and WS patients with established hemizygosity of the elastin gene locus, we have developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based gene-dosage assay that rapidly detects the loss of one allele of the elastin gene. Using this procedure, we also studied a family in which the proband was previously diagnosed with WS and her mother with a balanced 7q translocation [t(7:11)(q34;q13)]. Using DNA isolated from buccal smears obtained from several individuals in this family we were able to establish normal disomy at 7q in all family members except for the proband, in which we established hemizygosity at the elastin gene locus. We were also able to successfully infer normal disomy in an unborn child in this family. The rapid diagnostic procedure described here may have a variety of applications, including fine mapping of deletion breakpoints at 7q11.23 associated with WS.
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in smooth muscle: a potential coupling mechanism between receptor activation and intracellular calcium.

AbstractThis review addresses a rapidly growing body of evidence suggesting that enhanced protein tyrosine phosphorylation may be a previously unrecognized mechanism for coupling receptor activation of vascular smooth muscle cells to increases in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and contraction. The hypothesis proposes that activation of diverse types of receptors that are not tyrosine kinase promotes stimulation of a cytosolic tyrosine kinase. In turn, the activated kinase induces tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates that are linked to regulatory mechanisms for release of intracellular Ca2+ stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and to regulatory mechanisms for influx of extracellular Ca2+. Within this framework, we examine some relevant functional aspects of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in different types of cells, the emerging relationships between tyrosine kinase activity and regulation of intracellular Ca2+. We review studies of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase activity in vascular smo...
Distributed simulation of freeway traffic flow using personal computers

This article presents a personal computer (PC)-based distributed simulation methodology applicable to real-time estimation of time-variant parameters in freeway traffic flow. The method uses the interprocess communication procedures currently available under Windows NT and adopts 2 types of distributed computing architectures. The proposed method, based on macroscopic traffic models developed and tested in prior studies, first divides a given freeway into a set of subsections depending on the number of available processors or PCs. At every time step, each processor simulates its own subsection and exchanges the internal boundary data with another processor that simulates the adjacent subsection. The performance of the parallel algorithm was compared with that of a single-processor-based sequential simulation using 2 different types of hardware configurations: a network of 2 PCs and a dual-processor PC. Test results with the 2-PC network parallel system showed a speedup of 1.94 over the sequential simulation with a single PC for the 1-hour simulation of a 20-mile freeway section. The speedup for 1-hour simulation of an 80-mile section was increased to 1.96 with 2 processors, which is close to the ideal speedup. Performance tests with the dual-processor PC resulted in consistent, but not significantly faster, execution than those with the 2-PC network, indicating the feasibility of developing a practical on-line decision support system with a network of PCs for freeway operations.
Homeless in the United States

Abstract The way public authorities presently define the homeless in the United States carries forward a complex historical legacy. The causal and moral assessments of the homeless, grounded in the work ethic of our capitalist society, have left behind four interpretations of the homeless as vagrant, deviant, sick or victim. Analysis of recent studies of the homeless, while uncovering the presence of all four definitions, found that most of the ‘new’ homeless are victims of the economy or sick.
Iron (II) catalyzed persulfate oxidation of alkenes to vicinal diacetates

Abstract Mono- and disubstituted alkenes are converted to trans -vicinal diacetates by heating with an acetic acid solution of ammonium persulfate and a ferrous sulfate catalyst.
The anti-folate effect of methionine on bone marrow of normal and vitamin B12 deficient rats.

Summary. The effects of dietary vitamin B12 and methionine deficiency, and the in vitro addition of methionine, homocysteine, or folic acid on the methylation of dUMP to dTMP were studied in rat bone marrow culture. Vitamin B12 or methionine deficiency had no effect on the methylation reaction or on bone marrow folate levels although the vitamin B12 content in bone marrow was reduced in vitamin B12 deficiency. In vitro addition of vitamin B12 or folic acid also had no effect on the methylation of dUMP. In vitro addition of methionine reduced the methylation of dUMP and increased the proportion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate at the expense of other folate coenzymes. The reason for this‘anti-folate’effect of methionine, which is the opposite to that found in liver, was not clear. The presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase were confirmed in rat bone marrow and they were inhibited by S-adenosylmethionine and methionine, respectively, in a similar fashion to that found with the liver enzymes. Homocysteine had no effect on the proportions of the various folate coenzymes in bone marrow but did inhibit the incorporation of deoxyuridine and deoxythymidine into DNA. It appeared that homocysteine exerted its effect at a non-folate dependent step beyond the formation of dTMP.
Micromachined silicon channels for THz interconnect

This paper, for the first time, presents planar silicon process compatible interconnect channels, which can be extended to THz frequencies for high performance interconnect systems to fill the long-standing intra-/inter- chip interconnect gap.
Determination of porosity and saturation using seismic waveform inversion

Characterization of a reservoir model requires determination of its petrophysical parameters, such as porosity and saturation. We propose a new method to determine these parameters directly from seismic data. The method consists of the computation and inversion of seismic waveforms. A high frequency method is presented to model wave propagation through an attenuative and dispersive poroelastic medium. The high frequency approximation makes it possible to efficiently compute sensitivity functions. This enables the inversion of seismic waveforms for porosity and saturation. The waveform inversion algorithm is applied to two laboratory crosswell datasets of a water saturated sand. The starting models were obtained using travel time tomography. The first dataset is inverted for porosity. The misfit reduction for this dataset is approximately 50%. The second dataset was obtained after injection of a nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL), possibly with some air, which made the medium more heterogeneous. This dataset was inverted for NAPL and air saturation using the porosity model obtained from the first inversion. The misfit reduction of the second experiment was 70%. Regions of high NAPL and high air saturation were found at the same location. These areas correlate well with the position of one of the injection points as well as regions of higher NAPL concentrations found after excavation of the sand. It is therefore possible to directly invert waveforms for pore fluid saturation by taking into account the attenuation and dispersion caused by the poroelasticity.
Low-grade lymphoma of mucosa-associated tissue in the parotid gland: a case report of fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis using flow cytometric immunophenotyping.

A 66-year-old woman with Sjogren's syndrome for 7 years presented with an enlarged right parotid gland. The left parotid gland, which showed myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA), had been resected 4 years earlier. A fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the right parotid gland was performed. Examination of the smears revealed cells of intermediate size with a round-to-irregular nuclear outline and distinct pale cytoplasm intermixed with small mature round lymphocytes. The chromatin was slightly paler and less clumped than in small mature lymphocytes. A small inconspicuous nucleolus was seen in most of the cells. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping performed on the FNA biopsy material showed a monoclonal population of B cells with kappa light chain restriction. The cytomorphology coupled with the immunophenotyping study in this clinical context suggested the diagnosis of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Extensive staging work-up revealed no evidence of disseminated disease. The right parotid gland was surgically excised. Histology and gene rearrangement studies confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a low-grade lymphoma of MALT in a salivary gland to be diagnosed by FNA.
Two Manhattan Land papers of the Seventeenth Century

This article concerns two land documents relating to Rutger Jacobsen, progenitor of the Rutgers family of New Netherland and New York.
Measuring Change in Children and Families

The measurement and analysis of individual change is one of the most enduring statistical problems in research on the efficacy of early intervention programs. This article describes conceptual and statistical issues in three approaches to the measurement of change: change scores, indexes of change, and residual change scores. Advantages and limitations of each approach are reviewed. Problems with the reliability of change scores are highlighted. Criteria are presented that can be used in selecting among analysis strategies.
Diagnostic yield of MR-guided liver biopsies compared with CT- and US-guided liver biopsies.

Purpose To compare diagnostic yield and complication rates of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided versus computed tomography (CT)- and ultrasound (US)-guided liver biopsies. Materials and Methods MR-, CT-, and US-guided liver biopsies performed between 9/96 and 9/98 were compared. Sixty patients (21 men and 39 women, mean age 60 years) underwent MR-guided biopsy of liver lesions. Thirty patients (16 men and 14 women, mean age 59 years) underwent CT-guided biopsy. Eighteen patients (seven men and 11 women, mean age 50 years) underwent US-guided biopsy. MR procedures were performed in an open-configuration 0.5-T Signa SP MR unit. Lesion localization used standard Tl and T2 sequences, whereas biopsies were performed with multiplanar spoiled gradient recalled echo and fast gradient recalled echo sequences. A coaxial system with an MR-compatible 18-gauge stabilizing needle and a 21-gauge aspiration needle was used to obtain all samples. In CT and US procedures, a 19-gauge stabilizing needle and a 21-gauge aspiration or a 20-gauge core biopsy needle were used. A cytotechnologist was present to determine the adequacy of samples. Results MR had a diagnostic yield of 61%. CT and US had diagnostic yields of 67% and 61%, respectively. No serious complications were reported for MR and US procedures. Two CT biopsies resulted in postprocedural hemorrhage. One patient required surgical exploration and died. Conclusions MR-guided biopsy of liver lesions with use of a 0.5-T open-configuration magnet is safe and accurate when compared with CT and US. No statistical difference was observed between the diagnostic yield of biopsies performed with MR, CT, and US guidance. MR enabled biopsy of a number of lesions in the hepatic dome and lesions with low contrast, which would normally be difficult to sample safely with use of CT or US.
Progress in modeling of SMT “stress memorization technique” and prediction of stress enhancement by a novel PMOS SMT process

In this paper, we report progress in the modeling of stress memorization technique (SMT). We show that source/drain deformation plays a critical role in providing enhanced channel stress during SMT process. Stress enhancement as a function of the distance to gate edge of the amorphized source/drain regions is studied. We also propose a novel PMOS SMT process and demonstrate in simulation significant drive current gain additive to that of embedded SiGe process.
Planning the breast tumor bed boost: changes in the excision cavity volume and surgical scar location after breast-conserving surgery and whole-breast irradiation.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine the changes in breast and excision cavity volumes after whole-breast irradiation and the adequacy of using the surgical scar to guide boost planning. Methods and Materials: A total of 30 women consecutively treated for 31 breast cancers were included in this study. Simulation CT scans were performed before and after whole-breast irradiation. CT breast volumes were delineated using clinically defined borders. Excision cavity volumes were contoured based on surgical clips, the presence of a hematoma, and/or other surgical changes. Hypothetical electron boost plans were generated using the surgical scar with a 3-cm margin and analyzed for coverage. Results: The mean CT breast volumes were 774 and 761 cc ( p = 0.22), and the excision cavity volumes were 32.1 and 25.1 cc ( p R = 0.46, p R = 0.50, p p = 0.02) and for cavities >20 cc vs. p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant reduction in the volume of the excision cavity during whole-breast irradiation. Scar-guided boost plans provide inadequate coverage of the excision cavity in the majority of cases.
Schottky-barrier height of In0.43Al0.57As

The Schottky-barrier height of n-type In0 43Al0.57As grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on (100)-oriented n-type InP substrates measured by capacitance/voltage and internal photoemission measurements is φBn = 1.2 ± 0.1 eV, comparable to that of AlAs and substantially larger than that of In0.52Al0.48As.
Composite thermochemistry of gas phase U(VI)-containing molecules

Reaction energies have been calculated for a series of reactions involving UF6, UO3, UO2(OH)2, and UO2F2 using coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples, CCSD(T), with a series of correlation consistent basis sets, including newly developed pseudopotential (PP)- and all-electron (AE) Douglas-Kroll-Hess-based sets for the U atom. The energies were calculated using a Feller-Peterson-Dixon composite approach in which CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limits were combined with a series of additive contributions for spin-orbit coupling, outer-core correlation, and quantum electrodynamics effects. The calculated reaction enthalpies (both PP and AE) were combined with the accurately known heat of formation of UF6 to determine the enthalpies of formation of UO3, UO2(OH)2, and UO2F2. The contribution to the reaction enthalpies due to correlation of the 5s5p5d electrons of U was observed to be very slowly convergent with basis set and at the CBS limit their impact on the final enthalpies was on the order of 1 kcal/mol or less. For these closed shell molecules, spin-orbit effects contributed about 1 kcal/mol to the final enthalpies. Interestingly, the PP and AE approaches yielded quite different spin-orbit contributions (similar magnitude but opposite in sign), but the total scalar plus spin-orbit results from the two approaches agreed to within ∼1 kcal/mol of each other. The final composite heat of formation for UO2F2 was in excellent agreement with experiment, while the two results obtained for UO3 were just outside the ±2.4 kcal/mol error bars of the currently recommended experimental value. An improved enthalpy of formation (298 K) for UO2(OH)2 is predicted from this work to be −288.7 ± 3 kcal/mol, compared to the currently accepted experimental value of −292.7 ± 6 kcal/mol.
NEUROTOXICITY IN PEDIATRIC RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS TREATED WITH FK506(TACROLIMUS). 2177

Severe neurotoxicity (SN) has been reported in adult liver transplant (tx) pts treated with FK506. Adult renal tx pts may have less SN, but the presence of SN and mild neurotoxicity (MN) in pediatric renal tx pts is not well described. We evaluated SN and MN in pediatric renal tx recipients on FK506.
On robust estimation in logistic case-control studies

Consider a logistic regression model under case-control sampling. Prentice & Pyke (1979) showed that the logistic slope estimates with case-control sampling may be estimated from a standard prospective logistic regression program and that the resulting standard errors are asymptotically correct. Since logistic regression estimates are nonrobust, we propose and analyze robust estimates of the slope parameters. We focus specifically on estimates which downweight observations on one of three factors: (i) leverage, (ii) extreme fitted values, and (iii) likelihood of misclassification
Metabolic control of the circulation: Implications for congestive heart failure

The role of metabolic processes in the control of the normal circulation will be discussed with particular emphasis on how metabolic events, particularly those that occur with the performance of exercise, result in production of vasoactive substances and sympathetic activation. Heart failure patients will have altered metabolism, particularly in skeletal muscle, that may result in a lesser degree of peripheral vasodilation and will also have an abnormal response to sympathetic stimuli, with less cardiac stimulation but preserved peripheral vasoconstriction. The consequences of these abnormalities on the hemodynamics and metabolic processes that occur with exercise in the heart failure patient will be discussed in detail. The effect of therapeutic interventions such as drug therapy and exercise training will be reviewed.
Long-term follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis by magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals cardiac signal intensity changes in patients with acute myocarditis; however, the natural history of these changes and their relationship to individual outcomes are unknown. The relationship of MRI findings to long-term outcome was studied by serial MRI studies in 16 patients with acute myocarditis who were followed for 30±4 (SE) months. Myocardial contrast enhancement was monitored using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo images. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured with gradient-echo sequences. Clinical symptoms were scored. The results were compared to a control group of 26 age-matched, healthy volunteers. Myocardial contrast enhancement, which was markedly increased in the early course of the disease, decreased at 4 weeks and remained within the normal range in most patients after 30 months. Contrast enhancement 4 weeks after onset of symptoms was predictive for the functional and clinical long-term outcome. Contrast-enhanced MRI may be a useful, noninvasive tool for long-term follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis. Furthermore, relatively early MRI findings may predict longer-term outcomes.
The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2013 Grover Conference series).

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with aberrant pulmonary vascular remodeling that leads to increased pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and right ventricular dysfunction. There is now accumulating evidence that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated and contributes to cardiopulmonary remodeling that occurs in PAH. Increased plasma and lung tissue levels of angiotensin and aldosterone have been detected in experimental models of PAH and shown to correlate with cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodeling. These processes are abrogated by treatment with angiotensin receptor or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. At a cellular level, angiotensin and aldosterone activate oxidant stress signaling pathways that decrease levels of bioavailable nitric oxide, increase inflammation, and promote cell proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. Clinically, enhanced renin-angiotensin activity and elevate...
Task performance with a dexterous teleoperated hand system

In this paper we examine the role of force bandwidth in performance of close-tolerance peg-in- hole insertion. The experiments use a two fingered teleoperated hand system with finger-level force feedback. Low-pass filters are used to vary the frequency content of the force feedback signal. Task completion times and error rates decrease as force reflection bandwidth increases. Most of the benefit appears between 2 and 8 Hz bandwidth, although some improvement is seen to 32 Hz, the highest frequency examined. These experiments also indicate that even low bandwidth force feedback improves the operator's ability to moderate task forces. However, force feedback does not enable to the operator to minimize grasp force, since this requires information about the friction at the contact between the grasped object and the slave finger tip.
Cellular Fibronectin Binds to Lysyl Oxidase with High Affinity and Is Critical for Its Proteolytic Activation

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-containing amine oxidase known to catalyze the covalent cross-linking of fibrillar collagens and elastin at peptidyl lysine residues. In addition, its involvement in cancer, wound healing, cell motility, chemotaxis, and differentiation reflect a remarkable functional diversity of LOX. To investigate novel mechanisms of LOX regulation and function, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify LOX-interacting proteins. Three overlapping positive clones were identified as C-terminal fragments of fibronectin (FN). Glutathione S-transferase pull-downs and solid phase binding assays confirmed this interaction. LOX binds to the cellular form of FN (cFN) with a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 2.5 nm. This was comparable with our measured K(d) of LOX binding to tropoelastin (1.9 nm) and type I collagen (5.2 nm), but LOX demonstrated a much lower binding affinity for the plasma form of FN (pFN). Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed co-localization of FN and LOX in normal human tissues, where these proteins may interact in vivo. LOX enzymatic activity assays showed that cFN does not seem to be a substrate of LOX. However, cFN can act as a scaffold for enzymatically active 30-kDa LOX. Furthermore, in FN-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observed dramatically decreased proteolytic processing of the 45-kDa LOX proenzyme to the 30-kDa active form, with a corresponding decrease in LOX enzyme activity. Our results suggest that the FN matrix may provide specific microenvironments to regulate LOX catalytic activity.
Preliminary Performance Estimates for a GE Steam Injected LM1600 Gas Turbine

Preliminary performance modeling and conceptual designs have been completed for the addition of a steam injection system to a natural gas fired General Electric (GE) LM1600 gas turbine. The steam injected LM1600 gas turbine (STIG™ system) is an attractive size, 13 to 17 mw, for both cogeneration and small power applications. The STIG™ system offers numerous benefits including 1) increased power output in a compact single engine system, 2) improved efficiency, 3) reduced exhaust emissions, 4) steam-to-power flexibility, and 5) attractive system economics.This paper describes the LM1600 STIGTM system conceptual design, performance estimates and projected emissions.Copyright © 1989 by ASME
CT findings of perforated rectal carcinoma presenting as Fournier's gangrene in the emergency department.

We report a case of a perforated rectal adenocarcinoma presenting as Fournier’s in the emergency department. CT findings in this case confirmed the clinical diagnosis, established the extent of disease, and suggested the presence of an underlying rectal neoplasm as the primary source of infection.
“Principles in his nature which interest him in the fortune of others…”: The heritability of empathic concern for others1

The present research was conducted to explore genetic influences on empathic concern for others. First, an index of empathic concern was created by combining relevant items from Gough's Adjective Check List (ACL). This index was validated by correlating scores of 88 undergraduates on the index with their scores on a self-report measure of empathy, which has been related to prosocial behavior. Correlations were sufficiently high to accept the validity of the index. Next, previously collected ACL responses of 114 monozygotic (MZ) and 116 dizygotic (DZ) twins were reanalyzed in order to create an empathic concern score for each twin. The twins were middle-aged males initially raised together but living apart at the time they completed the ACL. Comparison of intraclass correlations for MZ and DZ twins revealed, as predicted by the genetic hypothesis, significant (p < .005) heritability in empathic concern scores. This finding suggests that there may, indeed, be a genetic influence on individual differences in empathic concern for others. Some limitations of the present data are also considered. How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature which interest him in the fortune of others, and render their happiness necessary to him.
Studies on the destruction of red blood cells. VIII. Molecular orientation in sickle cell hemoglobin solutions.

Summary1. In the oxygen unsaturated state the abnormal sickle cell hemoglobin molecules undergo orderly orientation, forming-by specific linkage of the individual molecules-long chains of hemoglobin elements. Subsequent parallel alignment of these elements results in birefringent tactoids.2. The birefringent sickled erythrocyte is in all probability a membrane-covered hemoglobin tactoid.3. The clinical and pathologic manifestations of sickle cell disease apparently follow as a consequence of the effects of the abnormal hemoglobin molecules upon the physical behavior of the erythrocytes.We are grateful to Dr. W. B. Castle and Dr. T. H. Ham for valuable counsel during this work and the preparation of this manuscript. David F. Waugh, Associate Professor of Physical Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, aided in demonstrating the anisotropy of the sickled cells and of the hemoglobin tactoids and gave advice concerning the interpretation of the meaning of the toxoid form.
Sphenoid Sinus Craniopharyngioma Simulating Mucocele

We present a case of extracranial craniopharyngioma simulating a sphenoid sinus mucocele in a 12-year-old female who presented with progressive subacute left-sided visual disturbance. Although infrasellar craniopharyngioma is a rare entity, the presence of foci of calcification within the lesion is a useful finding for diagnosis.
Research in human sexuality education

Since human sexuality courses are relatively recent additions to most U.S. medical school curricula, there are no established procedures for evaluating the courses. The purpose of this study was to test medical students' attitudes toward concepts in sexuality before and after a 5-day sexuality course using the semantic differential. The concepts students rated were "my sexuality", "masturbation", "homosexuality", and "my role in understanding sexual problems". Post-test scores were subtracted from pre-test scores and analysed by multivariate analysis of variance testing for significant difference from zero. Ninety-six second-year medical students completed the pre- and post-semantic differential tests. The changes between the pre- and post-tests were significant at the 0-001 level for all four concepts with the concept "homosexuality" showing the greatest change. The study suggests the semantic differential may be an effective instrument in assessing attitude changes. It also suggests the teaching techniques used in human sexuality courses may be successfully applied to other areas of medical education.
Hydraulics of coastal currents

Unlike the classical non-rotating theory of open channel flows where only one wave type is responsible for the criticality of the flow, the theory of rotating inertial coastal currents must contend with many wave types. Thus the hydraulics of the coastal system are slightly more complicated than the classical channel system. However, the principles of hydraulic control remain the same.
Himalayan polyandry and the domestic cycle1

The fraternal polyandry of Jaunsar Bawar in the western Himalayas of India is described by examining the domestic groups it creates. The form and composition of these groups vary within the society so that structures commonly associated with the terms monogamy, polygyny, and group marriage, as well as polyandry and polygynandry, occur simultaneously in any community and, over time, in many families. All are manifestations of a single set of principles and beliefs about the nature of marriage, family, and the domestic group. The variations are the result of changes in family composition during its life cycle (the developmental cycle) and in response to circumstantial and optional factors. Generalizations about polyandry, its causes and consequences, can only apply to this society if they encompass the temporal and situational diversity of the domestic group. The developmental cycle of the domestic group explains most of the intra-cultural variation in the Pahari family.
Control of the Surface Reactivity of the Si(100) Surface

Abstract : Molecular beam methods and temperature programmed desorption have been used to probe the reaction of several hydrocarbons with the Silicon (100) surface at cryogenic temperatures. It has been found that the kinetics of the surface reaction with the C=C bond can be strongly influenced by the production of active surface sites using prebombardment with Ar ions. The chemistry of the adsorbate is also influence by electron bombardment of the adsorbed layer. Conversely, capping of active sites with atomic hydrogen retards the kinetics of the surface reaction. This work forms a first step in using the methods of surface kinetics and spectroscopy to probe the details of the elementary steps at work in chemical vapor deposition and plasma vapor deposition, leading to the production of Silicon carbide films.
Critical exponents and scaling relations for self-organized critical phenomena.

Critical indices beta, gamma delta, nv, etc. are defined and calculated for self-organized critical phenomena. Scaling relations are derived and checked numerically. The order-parameter exponent beta describes the spontaneous current and the relaxation to the criticl point. The power spectrum has 'l/f' behavior with the exponent phi = nv x z, where z is the dynamical critical exponent.
CKD impairs barrier function and alters microbial flora of the intestine: a major link to inflammation and uremic toxicity

Purpose of review Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation which contribute to progression of kidney disease and its numerous complications. Until recently, little attention had been paid to the role of the intestine and its microbial flora in the pathogenesis of CKD-associated inflammation. This article is intended to provide an over view of the impact of uremia on the structure and function of the gut and its microbial flora and their potential link to the associated systemic inflammation.
Local intraarterial fibrinolysis administered in aliquots for the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: The Johns Hopkins hospital experience

Background and Purpose— Central retinal artery occlusion results in acute visual loss with poor spontaneous recovery. Current standard therapies do not alter the natural history of disease. Several open-label clinical studies using continuous infusion of thrombolytic agents have suggested that local intraarterial fibrinolysis (LIF) is efficacious in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion. The aim is to compare the visual outcome in patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion of presumed thromboembolic etiology treated with LIF administered in aliquots with that of patients treated with standard therapy. Methods— We conducted a single-center, nonrandomized interventional study of consecutive patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion from July 1999 to July 2006. Results— Twenty-one patients received LIF and 21 received standard therapy. Seventy-six percent of subjects in the LIF group had a visual acuity improvement of one line or more compared with 33% in the standard therapy...
Stereo Matching with Color-Weighted Correlation, Hierarchical Belief Propagation, and Occlusion Handling

In this paper, we formulate a stereo matching algorithm with careful handling of disparity, discontinuity, and occlusion. The algorithm works with a global matching stereo model based on an energy-minimization framework. The global energy contains two terms, the data term and the smoothness term. The data term is first approximated by a color-weighted correlation, then refined in occluded and low-texture areas in a repeated application of a hierarchical loopy belief propagation algorithm. The experimental results are evaluated on the Middlebury data sets, showing that our algorithm is the top performer among all the algorithms listed there.
Magnetic resonance microwave absorption imaging: feasibility of signal detection.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance(MR) technique was used to detect small displacements induced by localized absorption of pulsed 434 MHz microwave power as a potential method for tumor detection. Methods: Phase contrast subtraction was used to separate the phase change due to motion from thermoelastic expansion from other contributions to phase variation such as the bulk temperature rise of the medium and phase offsets from the MR scanner itself. A simple set of experiments was performed where the motion was constrained to be one dimensional which provided controls on the data acquisition and motion extraction procedures. Specifically, the MR-detected motion signal was isolated by altering the direction of the microwave-induced motion and sampling the response with motion encoding gradients in all three directions when the microwave power was turned on and turned off. Results: Successful signal detection, as evidenced by the recording of a systematic alternating (zigzag) phase pattern, occurred only when the motion encoding was in parallel with either the vertical or horizontal direction of the microwave-induced motion on both 10 and 4 mm spatial scales. Conclusions: These results demonstrate, for the first time, that motion associated with thermoelastic expansion from the absorption of pulsed microwave power can be detected with MR.
Effect of Oxygen and Maternal Dietary Iodine on Embryonic Carbohydrate Metabolism and Hatchability of Turkey Eggs

Fertile turkey eggs were produced by hens fed supplemental iodine to decrease eggshell conductance. The eggs were then incubated in an oxygen-enriched environment during Days 25 and 26 of incubation to test the hypothesis that maternal dietary iodine has separate effects on the eggshell permeability and the developing embryo. Oxygen supplementation improved hatchability regardless of dietary iodine treatment, suggesting that oxygen availability may limit hatching of eggs with normal gas conductance. Oxygen and dietary iodine did not affect body weight but interacted prior to pipping to affect embryonic liver and heart glycogen. Dietary iodine increased liver glycogen at internal pipping. The effects of oxygen on embryos, which were correlated directly with hatchability, were increased liver growth prior to pipping and increased heart weight at external pipping and posthatching. It was concluded that supplementing oxygen to incubating turkey eggs may improve hatchability by increasing liver and heart growth. Dietary iodine played only a minor or modulating role in assisting embryos to survive.
Reconstruction of multilayered lossy dielectrics from one-sided plane wave impulse reflection responses: the bistatic case

Motivated by numerous scattering problems where the media is lossy and yet can only be investigated from a single side, the authors discuss algorithms for reconstructing a lossy, stratified dielectric from one-sided plane wave impulse reflection responses. Novel features of these algorithms include: 1) solving the lossy media problem using only one-sided reflection response data; 2) exploiting oblique probing angles; 3) having origins in digital signal processing (DSP) theory; 4) employing fast algorithms that have been modified to solve the forward scattering problem; and 5) solving the scattering problems exactly, including accounting for multiple reflections. A new algorithm is introduced that reconstructs such a media from one-sided transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) impulsive plane wave reflection responses from a single oblique angle. The oblique-probing angle necessitates a bistatic measurement configuration. New probing constraints are developed for a previously presented algorithm based on probing at two angles of incidence. Algorithm stability and data correction are addressed. Numerical examples illustrate the new algorithm in synthesizing the media transient response and reconstructing the media.
Fluctuation of hyporheic zone thickness due to inflow and outflow across the water-sediment interface

Determination of hyporheic zone thickness in streams is an important step for study of stream-aquifer interactions. Knowledge about hyporheic zone thickness is useful in stream restoration. However, because there is a lack of standard techniques for such study, evaluation of the hyporheic zone thickness for a given stream reach remains a challenge task for researchers. This paper presents Galerkin finite element flow and stream function models that can simulate the hyporheic zone thickness. The flow and stream function equations are solved for 2-D profile domains that can be across a stream or parallel to a stream. The numeral schemes for solving the flow and stream function equations and the treatment of boundary conditions are described. Hypothetical streams are used for simulation of the control of hyporheic zone thickness by the magnitude of inflow and outflow that occur at the stream-sediment interface. Groundwater flow velocity field is generated to examine the flow dynamics in hyporheic zones. The magnitude of groundwater flow velocity in hyporheic zone is greater than that of regional groundwater flow.
Attitudes of Handicapped and Nonhandicapped High School Students toward Physical Education

The attitudes of 381 handicapped and nonhandicapped high school students toward physical education in mainstreamed classes were compared using measures from the Kneer Attitude Inventory and Diagnostic Statements. A two-way analysis of variance yielded a significant difference between the groups' attitudes. Nonhandicapped high school students had significantly more positive attitudes toward physical education than their handicapped peers. No sex differences were significant.
Recognition of handwritten phrases as applied to street name images

A method for recognition of street name phrases collected from mail pieces is presented in this paper. Some of the challenges posed by the problem are: (i) patron errors, (ii) non-standardized way of abbreviating names, and (iii) variable number of words in a street name image. A neural network has been designed to segment words in a phrase, a street name in this case, using distances between components and style of writing. The network learns the type of spacing (including size) that one should expect between different pairs of characters in handwritten test. Experiments show perfect word segmentation performance at about 85% of cases. Unlike conventional methods, where lexicon entries are expanded to take care of all variations of prefixes and sizes, substring matching is attempted only between the main body of a lexicon entry and the word segments of an image. Efforts to reduce computational complexity are successfully made by the sharing of character segmentation results between the segmentation and recognition phases. 83% phrase recognition accuracy is achieved on a test set.
Transverse Patterning and Human Amnesia

The transverse patterning (TP) task (A+ B-, B+ C-, C+ A-) has played a central role in testing the hypothesis that medial-temporal (and, in particular, hippocampal) brain damage selectively impairs learning on at least some classes of configural (i.e., nonlinear) learning tasks. Results in the animal and human literature generally support that hypothesis. Reed and Squire [Impaired transverse patterning in human amnesia is a special case of impaired memory for two-choice discrimination tasks. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113, 3--9, 1999], however, advanced an alternative account in which impaired TP performance in amnesia reflects a generic scaling artifact arising from the greater difficulty of the TP task compared to the elemental (i.e., linear) control task that is typically used. We begin with a critique of Reed and Squire, countering their conceptual arguments and showing that their results, when analyzed appropriately, support the configural deficit hypothesis. We then report results from eight new amnesic patients and controls on an improved version of the TP task. Despite substantial practice, accuracy of patients with bilateral hippocampal damage due to anoxia reached and maintained an asymptote of only 54% correct, well below the maximum accuracy obtainable (67%) in the absence of configural learning. A patient with selective bilateral damage to the anterior thalamic nuclei exhibited a TP accuracy asymptote that was near 67%, a pattern of two out of three correct consecutive trials, and a pattern of nearly always answering correctly for two of the three TP item pairs. These results are consistent with a set of unique and parameter-free predictions of the configural deficit hypothesis.
Goal Ambiguity and Conflicting Standards: An Approach to the Study of Organization

The approach to the study of organization which is advanced in this paper is based on the explicit assumption of ambiguity among the goals, and conflict among the standards of conduct for members, of the social system studied.1 As such, the present analysis differs from traditional approaches to the study of organization which, explicitly or implicitly, incorporate assumption of single or non-ambiguous system goals and non-conflicting member standards into their analysis. The plan of the paper is as follows: The process of decisionmaking and managerial conduct in Soviet industry is described first. Then, regarding Soviet industry as a separate social system, a formal analysis of aspects of that system's organization follows. Finally, that analysis is used to suggest hypotheses about organization which, it is hoped, will be fruitful in the study of other social systems. Not the examination of Soviet industrial organization, but the development of what might be called "conflicting standards analysis" for th...
Characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 1 homolog of the herpes simplex virus 1 UL24 open reading frame.

Abstract An open reading frame (ORF) of 293 codons which partially overlaps the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) thymidine kinase ( tk ) ORF in a head-to-head orientation has been identified by nucleotide sequence analysis. The predicted amino acid sequence of this ORF exhibits an overall identity of 38.1% with that of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) UL24 ORF as well as an 80.7% identity with the 57-amino-acid consensus sequence found in the UL24-like ORFs of eight herpesviruses (Jacobson et al., J. Virol., 49, 947-959, 1989). We have therefore designated this BHV1 ORF as the homolog of the HSV1 UL24 ORF with which it also shares a common position and orientation relative to the tk ORF. The BHV1 UL24-like ORF is contained within a 5.2-kb RNA transcript initiating within the tk ORF and is the largest in a group of four 3′-coterminal transcripts. This transcript pattern closely resembles that observed in HSV1-infected cells where five transcripts, the two largest of which contain the UL24 ORF, appear to be 3′-coterminal. In contrast to HSV1 mutants with lesions in the UL24 ORF, a BHV1 deletion mutant which failed to produce detectable levels of the 5.2-kb transcript grew nearly as well as wild-type virus.
Efficacy and safety of drugs for ulcerative colitis.

Importance of the field: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon that carries considerable burden and morbidity for patients and presents a constant challenge in management for gastroenterologists. Continued advances in medical therapies provide a range of treatment options for patients, but with this is the need to balance the potential benefits of a particular medication with its side effect profile in both the short and the long term.Areas covered in this review: This article will review the current drugs used in the treatment of UC, including 5-amninosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, immunomodulators and biologics, with particular attention to their indications, efficacy and toxicity profile.What the reader will gain: The reader will gain a comprehensive understanding of the various medical therapies used in the treatment of UC with focus on efficacy and toxicity profiles, allowing providers to choose appropriate medical therapies for their patients.Take home message:...
Temperature nonuniformity and bias-dependent thermal resistance in multi-finger MOS transistors

In this paper, we study self-heating in a multi-finger MOSFET transistor. Different source-drain voltages are applied so that the transistor is in triode and saturation regimes. Thermoreflectance imaging technique was used to obtain high resolution thermal images of the transistor. This allowed us to obtain profiles with high spatial and temperature resolution. We verified that the actual size and shape of the heating source are modified as the biasing condition changes. Detailed comparison between the measurement results and analytical calculations proves that the thermal resistance of transistor is dependent on the biasing condition. It can change by a factor bigger than 5 for different drain-source voltages. Even in the saturation regime, the thermal resistance of the transistor can change by 50% as a function of bias.