cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amusia: Unique Presentation of Stroke (P6.261)

OBJECTIVE:We report a rare case of amusia in absence of aphasia in a professional musician. BACKGROUND:Music is an art of sound comprising elements of pitch, rhythm, timbre and texture, which is used to express ideas and emotions. Amusia is defined as impairment of musical capacity as a consequence of brain disease. Apahsia and amusia are often seen as a combined disorder. Pure amusia is a rare occurrence. DESIGN/METHODS:A 66 yo singer and a lead guitarist of a local band was admitted to the hospital with inability to sing or play guitar “in tune”. He was practicing a familiar song when his friends noticed that he was playing notes out of key and was singing out of tone. He himself failed to recognize these errors. His past medical history was significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia controlled with medications. On examination his vitals were within normal limits. He did not have facial palsy, aphasia, ataxia, sensory or motor deficit. RESULTS: MRI brain demonstrated acute infarct along the insular cortex in the right middle cerebral artery territory. CT angiography head and neck was negative for any hemodynamically significant occlusion, stenosis or aneurysm of extra- or intracranial arteries. Echocardiogram was positive for small patent foramen ovale with right to left shunting. Ultrasound Doppler was negative for lower extremity deep venous thrombus. CONCLUSIONS:Even though music and speech are similar in principle and execution they are functions of different hemispheres of the brain. Unlike aphasia, anatomical localization of amusia has not been established but it is known that right non dominant hemisphere is concerned with musical ability. Impairment of musical ability in the presence of intact speech can be the only presenting finding in stroke. Their identification is the key to early and appropriate treatment. Study Supported by:None Disclosure: Dr. Ramchandani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alsmaan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwarz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alkhoury has nothing to disclose.
Glucocorticoids alter fever and IL-6 responses to psychological stress and to lipopolysaccharide

The purpose of this study was to determine whether glucocorticoids exert inhibitory feedback on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever, stress-induced fever (exposure to an open field), and plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-like activity in biotelemetered rats. Injections of LPS (50 micrograms/kg) or exposure to an open field (30 min) led to significantly higher fevers in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats than in sham-ADX rats. To test the hypothesis that higher fevers were specifically the result of an absence of glucocorticoids, the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38486 (20 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats with intact adrenal glands. The RU 38486-treated rats had higher plasma concentrations of IL-6-like activity and developed significantly higher fevers than did vehicle-treated rats. Rats injected intracerebroventricularly with 10 ng RU 38486 also developed higher fevers. Other ADX animals were implanted subcutaneously with replacement corticosterone pellets before exposure to an open field or injection with LPS. In response to an open field or injection with LPS, ADX animals implanted with replacement pellets that mimic plasma concentrations of corticosterone observed in stressed animals (100-mg pellets) developed fevers that were significantly lower than those observed in ADX rats given placebo pellets, but that were not different from fevers in sham-ADX rats given placebo pellets. ADX animals implanted with replacement pellets that mimic plasma concentrations of corticosterone observed in unstressed animals (25-mg pellets) developed fevers that were significantly higher than those observed in sham-ADX rats given placebo pellets, but that were not different from fevers in ADX rats given placebo pellets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Toward the development of a sensitive, pre-clinical screen for neurological diseases from spontaneous neural coordination in juvenile and young-adult C57BK6 mice.

Abstract Spontaneous Frequency Bursts (SFBs) are a newly discovered form of long-distance neural coordination. They have several distinctive properties, including near-simultaneity of occurrence (±25–50 ms) across distant brain regions and high within- and across-site coherence in multiple low and high frequency bands, presumably requiring high axonal, dendritic and vascular integrity. We examined whether SFBs occurred in young and young–adult C57BK6 mice with properties similar to those seen in rats. We found that across the entorhinal and piriform cortices, SFBs occur robustly in young and young–adult mice under light anesthesia, and that their rate of occurrence dropped sharply as anesthetic levels increased, as in rats. Moreover, murine SFBs showed high cross-site coherence in multiple frequency bands, including those that require exquisite action potential timing to be maintained across long distances. We discuss our findings in light of SFBs potential as a pre-clinical biomarker for diseases affecting action potential firing and local field potential coherence, especially in high frequency ranges (20–30 Hz and beyond).
THE EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST HANDLING TECHNIQUES ON CANNERY YIELDS OF PIMIENTO PEPPERS

A damage classification scheme was developed and used to assess postharvest handling of pimiento peppers. Mass losses due to evaporation were lowered by removing the stem at the calyx. Greater moisture losses were observed at 27°C and 45% RH than 37°C and 65% RH in all damage classes except microbial invasion. Greatest peeling-yield losses were observed in classes which permitted lye penetration of the cuticle (mechanical, bacterial, and fungal damage). A model equation was developed to predict yield based on the lye concentration, average pepper weight and the percentages of fruit in each of five damage classifications (whole sound, shrivel, mechanical, bacterial and fungal). Removal of the stem during harvest, careful screening of fruit at the receiving station, and damage evaluation of incoming loads should result in improved pimiento processing yields.
High-Resolution Frap of the Cilium-Localized Somatostatin Receptor 3 Reveals the Presence of a Lateral Diffusion Barrier at the Cilium Base

It is well known that certain proteins localize to the cilia of cells where they perform various specialized functions, such as sensing the physical environment of the cell. Protein localization to subcellular compartments is important for normal cell function and mutations preventing protein localization to cilia are implicated in devastating human pathologies including blindness, deafness, infertility, obesity and many others.While the mechanisms for transport of proteins to cilia are well-studied, the mechanisms for maintaining their localization to cilia are not understood. One proposed mechanism for the latter predicts the existence of a selective barrier at the base of the cilium that regulates the free movement of both water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins into and out of the ciliary compartment. We directly tested this hypothesis by examining the mobility of the murine somatostatin receptor 3 protein (SSTR3), a G-protein-coupled receptor that naturally localizes to the ciliary membrane of inner-medullary collecting duct (IMCD3) cells.Using multiphoton fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (MPFRAP) we estimated the diffusion coefficient and measured the equilibration time of SSTR3-EGFP or SSTR3-PAGFP fusion proteins in IMCD3 cell cilia. We found that SSTR3 fusion proteins rapidly, equilibrate along the length of cilia without change in the total mass, indicating that the membrane-bound protein is highly mobile but remains confined inside the cilium. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that lateral membrane diffusion at the base of the cilium is constrained.
Hermetic coatings for heavy metal fluoride glasses

Summary Heavy metal fluoride glasses constitute a group of materials with promising optical properties, but which are extremely fragile environmentally. We have investigated methods of protectively coating optical elements made of a specific type of heavy metal fluoride glass (ZBLAN). Dielectric coatings were reactively sputtered using a direct current magnetron with concurrent ion bombardment (ion-assisted deposition (IAD)) onto planar substrates. These coatings were tested by exposing the coated substrate to deionized water and determining the concentration of fluorine in the water after specified time intervals. Results indicate that reactively sputtered dielectric materials provide substantial protection from aqueous attack and that IAD can improve the performance of some materials. This is shown to be related to the film packing density.
Digestion Rate of the Dolly Varden

(1966). Digestion Rate of the Dolly Varden. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 95, No. 4, pp. 429-430.
Dislocation of the second through fifth carpometacarpal joints

We report a case of dislocation of the second through fifth carpometacarpal joints and review the mechanism of injury and radiographic findings in such injuries.
Toward a designed, functioning genetic system with expanded-size base pairs: solution structure of the eight-base xDNA double helix.

We describe the NMR-derived solution structure of the double-helical form of a designed eight-base genetic pairing system, termed xDNA. The benzo-homologous xDNA design contains base pairs that are wider than natural DNA pairs by ca. 2.4 A (the width of a benzene ring). The eight component bases of this xDNA helix are A, C, G, T, xA, xT, xC, and xG. The structure was solved in aqueous buffer using 1D and 2D NMR methods combined with restrained molecular dynamics. The data show that the decamer duplex is right-handed and antiparallel, and hydrogen-bonded in a way analogous to that of Watson−Crick DNA. The sugar−phosphate backbone adopts a regular conformation similar to that of B-form DNA, with small dihedral adjustments due to the larger circumference of the helix. The grooves are much wider and more shallow than those of B-form DNA, and the helix turn is slower, with ca. 12 base pairs per 360° turn. There is an extensive intra- and interstrand base stacking surface area, providing an explanation for the ...
Le Passé Simple Sans Peine

The author describes how all irregularities of all common verbs in French can be reduced to five types in the passe simple: (1) Irregular stems and endings; (2) Regular stems, irregular endings; (3) Irregular stems, regular endings; (4) Stem from third person plural, regular endings; and (5) Stem from the past participle, regular endings: common irregular verbs whose past participles end in “u” and those whose past participles are identical to the first person singular of the passe simple. The system facilitates learning the tense with no need to memorize each irregular verb individually.
Defining and Assessing Wisdom: A Review of the Literature

With increasing longevity and a growing focus on successful aging, there has been a recent growth of research designed to operationalize and assess wisdom. We aimed to (1) investigate the degree of overlap among empirical definitions of wisdom, (2) identify the most commonly cited wisdom subcomponents, (3) examine the psychometric properties of existing assessment instruments, and (4) investigate whether certain assessment procedures work particularly well in tapping the essence of subcomponents of the various empirical definitions. We searched PsychINFO-indexed articles published through May 2012 and their bibliographies. Studies were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal and (1) proposed a definition of wisdom or (2) discussed the development or validation of an instrument designed to assess wisdom. Thirty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Despite variability among the 24 reviewed definitions, there was significant overlap. Commonly cited subcomponents of wisdom included knowledge of life, prosocial values, self-understanding, acknowledgment of uncertainty, emotional homeostasis, tolerance, openness, spirituality, and sense of humor. Published reports describing the psychometric properties of nine instruments varied in comprehensiveness but most measures were examined for selected types of reliability and validity, which were generally acceptable. Given limitations of self-report procedures, an approach integrating multiple indices (e.g., self-report and performance-based measures) may better capture wisdom. Significant progress in the empirical study of wisdom has occurred over the past four decades; however, much needs to be done. Future studies with larger, more diverse samples are needed to determine the generalizability, usefulness, and clinical applicability of these definitions and assessment instruments. Such work will have relevance for the fields of geriatrics, psychiatry, psychology, sociology, education, and public health, among others.
The professional liability of behavioral scientists: An overview

Issues regarding the question of what constitutes malpractice by psychologists, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals, are reviewed. The legal concepts of negligence, professional liability, and causation are explained and related subjects including the duty of mental health professionals and what constitutes a breach of that duty are discussed and illustrated. Guidelines for avoiding legal jeopardy are also presented.
Effect of skew on induction motor fields

INDUCTION-MOTOR designers have recognized for many years that the skew of the rotor slots with respect to the stator slots produces variations axially across the stack in the net fundamental mmf wave. This variation affects the saturation factors, iron losses, and motor noise.
Electrophysiologic Effects of Azithromycin in Cardiomyocytes

The widely-used macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZ) increases risk of cardiovascular and sudden cardiac death. Case reports indicate that AZ can cause polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in the absence and presence of QT prolongation, implying a novel proarrhythmic syndrome. We investigated the electrophysiologic effects of AZ in vivo and in vitro using mice, cardiomyocytes, and heterologously-expressed human ion channels. After implanting an ECG telemeter, conscious adult mice received intraperitoneal injection of AZ (50 mg/kg, followed in 60 min by 100 mg/kg; n=7). With both doses of AZ, heart rate declined (from 685±24 to 489±20 and 481±21 bpm, for baseline, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively [mean±SEM]; P<0.001). In addition, AZ increased the PR interval (32.7±0.9 ms to 39.4±0.7 and 39.8±0.9 ms, respectively; P<0.001), QRS interval (10.2±0.4 ms to 12.5±0.4 and 13.3±0.5 ms, respectively; P<0.001), and QT interval (37.4±4 ms to 48.0±5 and 51.2±4 ms, respectively; P<0.01). In spontaneously-beating HL-1 cardiomyocytes, AZ (100 μM) significantly slowed beat rate (from 215±7 to 180±7 bpm; n=14; P<0.01), while increasing action potential rise time (23.0±3.0 to 36.2±3.8 ms; P<0.01) and duration (at 90% repolarization, 118.3±8 to 137.8±8.7ms; P<0.01). In HEK cells stably expressing SCN5A, AZ reduced Na+ currents (IC50 110±3 μM; n=14), while similar results were obtained using mouse ventricular myocytes (IC50 117±4 μM; n=6). In addition, AZ suppressed K+ currents recorded from HEK cells expressing hERG (IC50 219±21 μM; n=5) and CHO cells expressing KCNQ1 and KCNE1 (IC50 184±12 μM; n=6), as well as L-type Ca++ current in rabbit ventricular myocytes (IC50 67±4 μM; n=5). We conclude that azithromycin blocks multiple cardiac ion channels to prolong the PR, QRS, and QT interval in vivo, at concentrations achievable within the heart based on intracellular drug accumulation. These effects likely contribute to its novel proarrhythmic effect in humans.
NEW VARIETY AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN NEOTROPICAL GAULTHERIA (ERICACEAE)

Gaultheria sclerophylla var.hirsuta Luteyn from Ecuador is described, illustrated, and discussed, and the following new combinations are validated:Gaultheria buxifolia var.elassantha (A. C. Smith) Luteyn,G. buxifolia var.secunda (E. J. Remy) Luteyn,G. lanigera var. rufolanata (Sleumer) Luteyn,G. strigosa var.revoluta (A. C. Smith) Luteyn,G. eriophylla var.mucronata (E. J. Remy) Luteyn,G. alnifolia var.grata (A. C. Smith) Luteyn,G. serrata (Vell. Conc.) Sleumer ex Kinoshita-Gouvea.
Partition Properties and Prikry Forcing on Simple Spaces

One of the simplest and yet most fruitful ideas in forcing was the notion of Karel Prikry in which he used a measure on a cardinal κ to change the cofinality of κ to ω without collapsing it. The idea has found connections to almost every branch of modern set theory, from large cardinals to small, from combinatorics to models, from Choice to Determinacy, and from consistency to inconsistency. The long list of generalizers and modifiers includes Apter, Gitik, Henle, Spector, Shelah, Mathias, Magidor, Radin, Blass and Kimchi. This paper is about generalizing Prikry forcing and partition properties to “simple spaces”. The concept of a simple space is itself the generalization of those combinatorial objects upon which the notions of “measurable”, “compact”, “supercompact”, “huge”, etc. are based. Simple spaces were introduced in [ADHZ1] and [ADHZ2] together with a broader generalization, “filter spaces”. The definition provided here is a small simplification of earlier versions. The author is indebted to Mitchell Spector, whose careful reading turned up numerous errors, some subtle, some flagrant. In this first section, we review simple spaces briefly, including a short introduction to the space Q κ λ . In §2, we describe our generalizations of partition property and Prikry forcing, and discuss the relationship between them. In §3, we find a partition property for the huge space [ λ ] κ , but show that Prikry forcing here is impossible. We find partition properties for Q κ λ and show that Prikry forcing can be done here.
Design criteria for functional data bases

Abstract A functional data base is characterized as a collection of functions and its language as a collection of operators. The data base design criteria are established in terms of the functional properties, “redundancy” and “semantic content”. The behavior of data base operators is analyzed under these criteria to detect redundancies and compute the semantic content of a data model, to evaluate and compare data models. The correspondence between these criteria and the relational normalization theory is established.
A statistical study of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet and the net convection potential as a function of geomagnetic activity

[1] A widely accepted explanation of the location of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet and its dependence on electron energy is based on drift motions of individual particles. The boundary is identified as the separatrix between drift trajectories linking the tail to the dayside magnetopause (open paths) and trajectories closed around the Earth. A statistical study of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet using THEMIS Electrostatic Analyzer plasma data from November 2007 to April 2009 enabled us to examine this model. Using a dipole magnetic field and a Volland‐Stern electric field with shielding, we find that a steady state drift boundary model represents the average location of the electron plasma sheet boundary and reflects its variation with the solar wind electric field in the local time region between 21:00 and 06:00, except at high activity levels. However, the model does not reproduce the observed energy dispersion of the boundaries. We have also used the location of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet to parameterize the potential drop of the tail convection electric field as a function of solar wind electric field (Esw) and geomagnetic activity. The range of Esw examined is small because the data were acquired near solar minimum. For the range of values tested (meaningful statistics only for Esw < 2 mV/m), reasonablygoodagreementisfoundbetweenthepotentialdropofthetailconvectionelectric field inferred from the location of the inner edge and the polar cap potential drop calculated from the model of Boyle et al. (1997).
Tylenchorhynchus Aspericutis N. Sp. (Nematoda) From Mexico With an Emended Description of Psilenchus Hilarulus De Man, 1921 and Two Intersexes

Tylenchorhynchus aspericutis n. sp. is described from the state of Chihuahua. T. aspericutis is compared with T. latus from which it differs in smaller size, cephalic region offset with three annules, stylet knobs slanted posteriorly, eleven-twelve tail annules, spermathecae and presence of males. A Chihuahua variant population of T. mexicanus is described. Variations in several populations of Psilenchus hilarulus de Man, 1921 and an emended description of P. hilarulus is presented. Two intersexes of P. hilarulus are described.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the femoral trochlea: evaluation of anatomical landmarks and grading articular cartilage in cadaveric knees

The purpose of the study was to define magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings before and after contrast medium opacification of the knee joint in cadaveric specimens to demonstrate anatomical landmarks of the trochlear surface in relation to the neighboring structures, and to evaluate different MRI sequences in the detection of cartilage defects of the trochlear and patellar surface of the knee. The morphology and relationship of the proximal trochlear surface to the prefemoral fat of the distal femur were investigated by use of different MR sequences before and after intra-articular gadolinium administration into the knee joint in ten cadaveric knees. Anatomic sections were subsequently obtained. In addition, evaluation of the articular surface of the trochlea was performed by two independent observers. The cartilage surfaces were graded using a 2-point system, and results were compared with macroscopic findings. Of 40 cartilage surfaces evaluated, histopathologic findings showed 9 normal surfaces, 20 containing partial-thickness defects, and 11 containing full-thickness defects. Compared with macroscopic data, sensitivity of MR sequences for the two reviewers was between 17 and 90%; specificity, 75 and 100%; positive predictive value, 75 and 100%; negative predictive value, 20 and 100%, depending on patellar or trochlea lesions. Interobserver variability for the presence of disease, which was measured using the kappa statistic, was dependent on the MR sequence used between 0.243 and 0.851. Magnetic resonance imaging sequences can be used to evaluate the cartilage of the trochlear surface with less accuracy when compared with the results of grading the articular cartilage of the patella.
Processing FT-IR Imaging Data for Morphology Visualization:

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging yields large volumes of spatially specific spectral data in a short time. While chemical information about a specific sample area is a goal, complete morphological visualization similar to that obtained by optical microscopy is desirable. To obtain morphological images from this large data volume with the highest possible fidelity, specific techniques are required. However, in general, fast FT-IR imaging (3–5 min of collection time) leads to noisy morphological images due to hardware limitations. The data can be transformed by using transformations to eliminate noise. Image display techniques and filters can then be used to further refine, display, and carry out quantitative morphological analysis. This paper classifies various techniques and demonstrates their applicability to FT-IR absorbance image analysis.
Synthesis and characterization of guest-host azo dyes with broad absorption bands

Abstract Three groups of dyes were synthesized and characterized in order to examine their solubility, absorption spectrum, and order parameter in liquid crystal hosts. Our synthesis method allowed the formation of the diazonium salts and the diazo coupling in ethyl acetate instead of an aqueous medium, permitting the formation of long and neutral azo dyes. In the liquid crystal BDH-E7, they showed order parameters in the range of 0.52 to 0.76. The two dyes with the longest molecular lengths were particularly interesting due to their very broad absorption spectra in the visible region. Each of these two compounds behave as single component black dye guest/host systems, which generally require a mixture of two or three dyes in the liquid crystal host. These dyes were also evaluated for use in polymer dispersed liquid crystal films.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) evaluation of flow modification in aneurysm phantoms using asymmetric stents

Asymmetric stents are promising new devices for endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular aneurysms. For in vitro experiment a patch made of stainless steel mesh is directly attached onto a standard stent and deployed so that the patch is placed over the aneurysm orifice. Thus we modify substantially the flow into the aneurysm and decrease the shear stress on the aneurysm walls. We used mesh-patches having different permeabilities and evaluated the flow using Particle Image Velocimetry. PIV provides instantaneous velocity vector measurements in a cross-section of flow containing reflective micro-particles. A pulsed-laser light sheet illuminates the flow in the target area and images are acquired using a CCD camera. By registering the position of the particles in two successive images the fluid velocity vectors components are calculated. From the 2D velocity field a best polynomial fit is made to obtain a smooth function of each velocity with respect to the coordinates. Using the fit, we derived the values of quantities of interest in the plane of acquisition such as: tangent shear stress, vorticity and inflow. We used four meshes of different permeabilities. We found out that by using lower permeability meshes we create better conditions for the embolization of the aneurysm.
DYNAMICS AND UNIVERSALITY OF AN ISOTHERMAL COMBUSTION PROBLEM IN 2D

In this paper, the Cauchy problem of the system $$u_{1,t} = \Delta u_{1} - u_1 u_2^{m}, \quad u_{2,t} = d \Delta u_2 + u_1 u_2^{m}$$ is studied, where x ∈ R2, m ≥ 1 and d > 0 is the Lewis number. This system models isothermal combustion (see [7]), and auto-catalytic chemical reaction. We show the global existence and regularity of solutions with non-negative initial values having mild decay as |x| → ∞. More importantly, we establish the exact spatio-temporal profiles for such solutions. In particular, we prove that for m = 1, the exact large time behavior of solutions is characterized by a universal, non-Gaussian spatio-temporal profile, with anomalous exponents, due to the fact that quadratic nonlinearity is critical in 2D. Our approach is a combination of iteration using Renormalization Group method, which has been developed into a very powerful tool in the study of nonlinear PDEs largely by the pioneering works of Bricmont, Kupiainen and Lin [6], Bricmont, Kupiainen and Xin, [7], (see also [9]) and key...
New Compounds: Synthesis of Dimethyl N,N'-Bis(2-amino-3-oxophenoxazine-4,6-dimethyl-1,9-dicarbonyl)-dl-dialaninate

Abstract Dimethyl N,N '-bis(2-amino-3-oxophenoxazine-4,6-dimethyl-1,9-dicarbonyl)- dl -dialaninate—synthesized from N -(3-benzyloxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)- dl -alanine methylester.
Classes of graphs with minimum skew rank 4

Abstract The minimum skew rank of a simple graph G is the smallest possible rank among all real skew-symmetric matrices whose ( i , j ) -entry is nonzero if and only if the edge joining i and j is in G. It is known that a graph has minimum skew rank 2 if and only if it consists of a complete multipartite graph and some isolated vertices. Some necessary conditions for a graph to have minimum skew rank 4 are established, and several families of graphs with minimum skew rank 4 are given. Linear algebraic techniques are developed to show that complements of trees and certain outerplanar graphs have minimum skew rank 4.
The presence of both growth inhibitory and growth stimulatory factors on membranes prepared from mouse liver.

Summary Plasma membrane fractions from mouse livers were examined for the presence of growth regulatory peptides. Both growth inhibitory and growth stimulatory factors were found on these membranes. The growth inhibitory component could be enriched by extractions with both dimethylmaleic anhydride and octylglucoside. The growth stimulatory component could be removed from the membrane by either freeze-thaw, high salt, protease or pyrophosphate treatment, indicating that this factor is an extrinsic membrane protein. The existence of these factors on liver membranes provides an easily obtainable source for the large-scale purification of these molecules and may indicate a possible role in normal tissue growth.
Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping.

The stop-signal task probes agents’ ability to inhibit responding. A well-known race model affords estimation of the duration of the inhibition process. This powerful approach has yielded numerous insights into the neural circuitry underlying response control, the specificity of inhibition across effectors and response strategies, and executive processes such as performance monitoring. Translational research between human and non-human primates has been particularly useful in this venture. Continued progress with the stop-signal paradigm is contingent upon appreciating the dynamics of entire cortical and subcortical neural circuits and obtaining neurophysiological data from each node in the circuit. Progress can also be anticipated on extensions of the race model to account for selective stopping; we expect this will entail embedding behavioral inhibition in the broader context of executive control.
METABOLISM OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND IN VITRO: EFFECTS OF FASTING IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS.

The metabolism of glucose-ull4C and glycine-2-l4C by anterior pituitary (AP) in vitro was examined in fasted, refed and underfed rats. Comparison of males and females demonstrated that AP from female rats lost less weight and displayed lesser alteration of glucose metabolism during acute fasting. Synthesis of protein from glycine was little affected by fasting in either sex. Underfeeding for 7 days decreased glucose metabolism equally in male and female AP. Upon refeeding, glucose metabolism was enhanced above the normal fed level in both groups. The data, both morphological and biochemical, suggest that the impact of fasting upon the AP is less marked in females. (Endocrinology 76: 1022, 1965)
GABAA receptor blockers reverse the inhibitory effect of GABA on brain-specific [35S]TBPS binding

Thirteen substances previously reported to antagonize the electrophysiological effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on neurons also reversed the inhibitory effects of GABA on specific [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding to sites on rat brain membranes in vitro with a rank-order of potencies similar to those found in electrophysiological systems (R 5135 greater than pitrazepin greater than bicuculline greater than SR 95103 greater than securinine) confirming the earlier conclusion that GABA inhibits [35S]TBPS binding by acting allosterically on physiologically relevant GABAA receptors. Pitrazepin is the most potent of a series of mono N-aryl piperazines that block GABAA receptors. The new aryl amino pyridazine GABA derivative SR 95531 was about 3-fold more potent than bicuculline and 39-fold more potent than the structurally related SR 95103. Four known GABA antagonists have the same rank orders of potencies as convulsants and as reversers of GABA's inhibitory action on [35S]TBPS binding (bicuculline greater than securinine greater than theophylline greater than caffeine). Reversal of GABA-induced suppression of [35S]TBPS binding provides a simple method for further characterizing GABAA receptors linked to TBPS binding sites, and facilitates identification of convulsants and novel, perhaps selective, GABA antagonists.
Using Ethnography to Inform Policy and Programs for the Integration of Immigrants: a Case Study in Andalusia, Spain

This paper seeks to extend the utility of ethnography to the planning of successful integration policy and programs for immigrants. I posit that, through a better understanding of the multiple and intersecting contexts in which immigration is located, especially in regard to how culture informs the way that host nationals frame immigration, policy makers and social scientists can work together to formulate policies and programs appropriate to local contexts that are more successful at fostering communities of inclusion and cohesion. Findings from a small ethnographic study completed in Andalusia, Spain, illustrate how experience-near approach, ethnographic research reveals opportunities for co-operation between host nationals and newcomers that can be used by policy makers and others concerned with the welfare of immigrants to foster integration and to promote social cohesion. In doing so, findings from this study demonstrate that culture is not simply a contested site used by members of the dominant group to exclude newcomers, but also a site in which there is the potential for co-operation between members of a community.
Cross Talk between ERK and PKA Is Required for Ca2+ Stimulation of CREB-Dependent Transcription and ERK Nuclear Translocation

Although Ca2+-stimulated cAMP response element binding protein- (CREB-) dependent transcription has been implicated in growth, differentiation, and neuroplasticity, mechanisms for Ca2+-activated transcription have not been defined. Here, we report that extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK) signaling is obligatory for Ca2+-stimulated transcription in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. The sequential activation of ERK and Rsk2 by Ca2+ leads to the phosphorylation and transactivation of CREB. Interestingly, the Ca2+-induced nuclear translocation of ERK and Rsk2 to the nucleus requires protein kinase A (PKA) activation. This may explain why PKA activity is required for Ca2+-stimulated CREB-dependent transcription. Furthermore, the full expression of the late phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and L-LTP-associated CRE-mediated transcription requires ERK activation, suggesting that the activation of CREB by ERK plays a critical role in the formation of long lasting neuronal plasticity.
A clustering experiment: First step towards a computer-generated classification scheme

Abstract A document collection consisting of 240 articles on theoretical high energy physics is analyzed by an empirical clustering procedure in which bibliographic coupling, obtained by computer, is used to measure the relatedness of articles. Meaningful groups of documents were produced. The clustering process is adapted to future use in the computer-generation of a classification scheme.
An analysis of cropland carbon sequestration estimates for North Central Monana

A pilot cropland carbon sequestration program within north central Montana has allowed farmers to receive carbon credit for management adjustments associated with changing from tillage-based agricultural systems to no-till. Carbon credit can also be obtained by adopting conservation reserve, where cropland is planted into perennial vegetation. Summer fallowing is also considered within the crediting process as credit is not given in years that a field is left un-vegetated. The carbon sequestration program has been advocated as a means to mitigate climate change while providing an added source of income for Montana farmers. There is lack of data, however, pertaining to the percentage of lands within this region that have not converted to no-till management, lands under certain crop intensities (e.g. those that are cropped every growing season vs. those that use a fallow-crop-fallow system), or cropland that have converted to perennial vegetation outside of the popular Conservation Reserve Program. Data is also sparse concerning the amount of soil organic carbon that might be sequestered given a conversion to no-till or conservation reserve. This study established regional percentage estimates of cropland under no-till, various degrees of crop intensity, and conservation reserve within north central Montana. Literature-based carbon sequestration estimates were used to generate carbon gain data associated with the conversation to no-till and to conservation reserve. These estimates were then applied to the area-based cropland statistics to estimate potential regional carbon sequestration associated with these management changes.
Information, apprehension, and deterrence: Exploring the limits of police productivity

Abstract The capacity of police departments to solve crimes and apprehend offenders is low for many types of crime, particularly crimes of profit. This article reviews a variety of studies of police apprehension and hypothesizes that an important determinant of the ability of the police to apprehend criminals is information. The complete absence of information for many types of crime places fairly clear upper bounds on the ability of the police to effect solutions. To discover whether these boundaries are high or low we analyzed data from the 1973 National Crime Panel about the types and amount of information potentially available to police through victim reports and patrol activities. The evidence suggests that if the police rely on information made readily available to them, they will never do much better than they are doing now. On the other hand, there appears to be more information available to bystanders and passing patrols than currently is being used, which suggests that surveillance strategies and improved police methods for eliciting, recording, and analyzing information supplied by victims and witnesses might increase the probability of solving crimes and making arrests. In light of this we review a few possibly helpful innovations suggested in the literature on police productivity and procedure.
The electronic structure of Ca@C60

Abstract The electronic structure of Ca@C60 in the gas phase was probed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) of Ca@C−60. The electron affinity of Ca@C60 was found to be 3.0 eV. The spectrum suggests that Ca donates its two 4s electrons to the C60 t1u LUMO. Ab initio self-consistent field Hartree-Fock calculations were performed on Ca@C60 at four different symmetries, Ih, D3d, D5d, and C5v. We found that the C5v symmetry has the lowest energy with the central Ca2+ ion 0.7 A away from the center of C60 and that Ca@C60 has a 3A2 triplet electronic ground state in C5v symmetry.
Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Current Concepts and Future Perspective

Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common procedure performed by orthopedic surgeons, particularly in association with sports-related injuries. Whereas traditional reconstruction techniques used a single bundle graft that was typically placed in a non-anatomic position, a renewed interest in anatomy has facilitated the popularization of anatomic reconstruction techniques. Recently, a focus has been placed on individualizing ACL surgery based on each patient’s native anatomical characteristics (e.g., insertion site size, notch size, and shape), thereby dictating the ultimate procedure of choice. As subjective outcome measurements have demonstrated varying outcomes with respect to single- versus double-bundle ACL reconstruction, investigators have turned to more objective techniques, such as in vivo kinematics, as a means of evaluating joint motion and cartilage contact mechanics. Further investigation in this area may yield important information with regard to the potential progression to osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction, including factors affecting or preventing it.
Can emergent treatments result in more severe errors?: An analysis of a large institutional near-miss incident reporting database

Abstract Purpose Emergent radiation treatments may be subject to more errors because of the compressed time frame. Few data exist on the magnitude of this problem or how to guide safety improvement interventions. The purpose of this study is to examine patterns of near-miss events in emergent treatments using a large institutional incident reporting system. Methods and materials Events in the incident reporting database from February 2012 to October 2013 were reviewed prospectively by a multidisciplinary team to identify emergent treatments. Reports were scored for potential near-miss risk index (NMRI) on a 0 to 4 scale. Workflow steps of where events originated and were detected were analyzed. Events were categorized by use of the causal factor system from the Radiation Oncology Incident Learning System. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare mean NMRI score, and Fisher exact tests were performed to compare the proportion of high-risk events between emergent and nonemergent treatments and between emergent treatments on weekdays and weekends or holidays. Results Over the study period, approximately 1600 patients were treated, 190 of them emergently. Seventy-one incident reports were submitted for 55 unique patients. Fewer events were reported for emergent treatments than for nonemergent treatments (0.37 events per new treatment vs 0.86; P Conclusions In this study, fewer near-miss incidents were reported per treatment course for emergent treatments. This may be attributable to reporting bias. More importantly, when emergent near misses occur, they are of greater severity.
Modeling the dynamics of interest rate volatility with skewed fat-tailed distributions

This paper proposes generalized parametric models of the short-term interest rate that nest one-factor CEV and discrete time GARCH models. The paper estimates the generalized and nested models with skewed fat-tailed distributions to determine the correct specification of the conditional distribution of interest rates. The results indicate that the discrete time models that incorporate the level and GARCH effects into the diffusion function and that accommodate the tail-thickness of the interest rate distribution perform much better than the CEV model in forecasting the future volatility of interest rates. The results also show that the significance of nonlinearity in the drift function relies crucially on the specification of the volatility function.
Antioxidants for improving storage stability of biodiesel

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat that may be burned in a compres sion-ignition (diesel) engine. The chemical nature of biodiesel makes it more susceptible to oxidation or autoxidation during long-term storage than conventional petroleum-based diesel (petrodiesel). Oxidative degradation during storage can compromise fuel quality with respect to effects on kinematic viscosity, acid value (number), cetane number, total ester content, and formation of hydroperoxides, soluble polymers, and other secondary products. One promising method of increasing the resistance to oxidation of biodiesel is to add oxidation inhibitors (antioxidants). This review summarizes relevant research progress in the development of effective antioxidants for treating biodiesel. Performance of antioxidants evaluated for treating biodiesel derived from soybean oil, rapeseed (low-erucic) oil, used cooking oil, tallow (beef), and palm oil feedstocks is discussed. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Analysis of prostate-specific antigen rebound interval in patients with prostate cancer receiving hormonal therapy and external-beam radiation therapy.

Abstract The goal of this investigation is to characterize the clinical significance of the rebound interval (RI) after neoadjuvant short-course hormonal therapy (HT) and external-beam radiation therapy (RT), during which the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may rise because of hormone withdrawal prior to full RT efficacy. The charts of 257 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer who received short-course neoadjuvant HT and RT were reviewed. A piecewise-linear log PSA versus time curve was generated for each patient and averaged over the population to facilitate identification of the RI start and end dates. Existing definitions of biochemical failure. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), Vancouver and Houston were applied, as were these same definitions modified to exclude failures during the RI. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed, using no evidence (by digital rectal examination or radiology) of disease failure as the gold standard. The 5-year biochemical survival with different failure definitions were ASTRO versus ASTRO-modified: 81.6% versus 86.7%; Houston versus Houston-modified: 71.4% versus 76.7%; and Vancouver versus Vancouver-modified: 83.5% versus 85.6%. The sensitivity and specificity comparisons were ASTRO versus ASTRO-modified 58.3% versus 33.3%; 91.4% versus 94.3%, Vancouver versus Vancouver-modified: 50% versus 50%; 92.7% versus 95.5%, Houston versus Houstonmodified: 100% versus 66.7%; 90.6% versus 92.2%. The RI after HT and RT is likely not merely an artifact of hormone withdrawal but is correlated with ultimate clinical outcome. Excluding RI failures can marginally improve specificity but may possibly have an unacceptable risk of lowering sensitivity. Further work is needed to design and validate definitions of failure, which account for the RI.
Growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes on individual amino acids.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes was tested for its ability to utilize individual amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen in basal medium containing 0·4 mM magnesium sulphate (0·1 g/l) in 0·05 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 6·5. Growth was quantitated by measurement of both dry weight and fungal protein. Seventeen naturally occurring amino acids supported growth, serving as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. Seven amino acids failed to support growth under these conditions; however three of these could be metabolized for nitrogen, but not for carbon.
Dual fluorescence lifetimes of pyrimidine: Intermediate radiationless decay

Abstract We have observed a dual fluorescence decay from the lowest n → π* excited singlet state of pyrimidine. The vibronic states 0-0, 6a1, 121, 6a1121, 122 and 6a1122 have two exponential decays with lifetimes ranging from 2.7-0.7 nsec and from 410-234 ns at 0.02 torr. The ratio of pre-exponentials is pressure independent but the long decay is very sensitive to collisions. The four lower energy states have effective impact diameters of 16 A and the highest energy state is quenched by gas kinetic collision diameters (≈ 5.5 A). The dual fluorescence decay and collisional fluorescence quenching by rotational relaxation is consistent with the available models of singlet-triplet mixed state decay. Using these models we have computed the rates for singlet-triplet crossing, the number of coupled triplet levels, and the decay rates for internal conversion. The model used our measured fluorescence decay parameters and our estimate of a triplet loss rate. The estimated triplet loss varies from 0.2 to 2.0 × 106 s−1 and the singlet internal conversion rate varies from ≈ 0.4 to 56 × 107 s−1. The singlet-triplet radiationless rate suggests that 50–100 times more triplet levels are effective in the state mixing than can be expected from the triplet vibronic density. Such an enhanced coupling of ro-vibronic triplet levels is 5–10 times larger than previously observed for the dicarbonyls. The observation of reduced collisional quenching of higher energy vibronic levels is quantitatively interpreted by a different model than used previously for the dicarbonyls.