cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of Pediatric Readmission Measures.

Background Readmission rates are frequently used as a hospital quality metric; yet multiple measures exist to evaluate pediatric readmission rates. We sought to assess how four different measures of pediatric readmission compare with assessment of both preventable and unplanned readmission. Methods Clinicians on hospital medicine, cardiology, neonatology, and neurology teams reviewed medical records for 30-day readmissions using an abstraction tool with high interrater reliability for preventability assessment. Readmissions between July 2014 and June 2016 were classified separately as preventable or not preventable and planned or unplanned. We compared the classifications to four existing readmission metrics: all-cause readmission, unplanned readmission/time flag classification, the pediatric all-condition readmission, and potentially preventable readmission. We calculated sensitivity and specificity for all readmission metrics. Results Among 30-day readmissions considered, 1,643 were eligible for medical record review; 1,125 reviews were completed by the clinical teams (68%). On medical record review, the majority of readmissions were determined not preventable (85%). Only 15% were classified as unplanned and preventable. None of the four readmission measures had appropriate sensitivity or specificity for identifying preventable readmission. The unplanned readmission/time flag classification had the highest sensitivity (95%) and specificity (90%) in identifying unplanned readmissions. Conclusion None of the existing pediatric readmission measures can reliably determine preventability. The unplanned readmission/time flag measure performed best in identifying unplanned readmissions.
INTERPRETING THE EVIDENCE ON MONEY-INCOME CAUSALITY*

Abstract Previous researchers have reached strikingly different conclusions about the usefulness of money for forecasting real output based on closely related regression-based tests. An examination of this and additional new evidence reveals that innovations in M1 have statistically significant marginal predictive value for industrial production, both in a bivariate model and in a multivariate setting including a price index and an interest rate. This conclusion follows from focusing on the trend properties of the data, both stochastic and deterministic, and from drawing inferences using asymptotic theory that explicitly addresses the implications of these trends for the distributions of the various test statistics.
A Framework for Evaluating Myocardial Stiffness Using 3D-Printed Heart Phantoms

MRI-driven computational modeling is increasingly used to simulate in vivo cardiac mechanical behavior and estimate subject-specific myocardial stiffness. However, in vivo validation of these estimates is exceedingly difficult due to the lack of a known ground-truth in vivo myocardial stiffness. We have developed 3D-printed heart phantoms of known myocardium-mimicking stiffness and MRI relaxation properties and incorporated the heart phantoms within a highly controlled MRI-compatible setup to simulate in vivo diastolic filling. The setup enables the acquisition of experimental data needed to evaluate myocardial stiffness using computational constitutive modeling: phantom geometry, loading pressures, boundary conditions, and filling strains. The pressure-volume relationship obtained from the phantom setup was used to calibrate an in silico model of the heart phantom undergoing simulated diastolic filling. The model estimated stiffness was compared to a ground-truth stiffness obtained from uniaxial tensile testing. Ultimately, the setup is designed to enable extensive validation of MRI and FEM-based myocardial stiffness estimation frameworks.
Fyodorov–Zuev Keratoprosthesis

Fyodorov–Zuev keratoprosthesis is one of the oldest designs for the artificial cornea. This implant was developed in Russia and it is widely used in Russia and China but not well known to the rest of the world. The implant consists of a titanium plate which is embedded within the corneal stroma and an optical cylinder which is in contact with the aqueous humor in one end and tear film in the other end. The surgery can be performed either in a single stage or in two separate stages separated by 3 months. The implant is generally offered to patients with history of multiple failed corneal transplants. Over 90 % of patients experience an improvement in vision. Graft retention is over 70 % for patients undergoing Fyodorov–Zuev keratoprosthesis. The complications include aqueous leak, granulation tissue overgrowth, uveitis, endophthalmitis, and glaucoma.
Detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of the surface-activated platelet differs from the suspension-activated platelet cytoskeleton

This study contrasts the protein composition of the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of platelets fully spread on glass with the cytoskeletal composition of resting platelets and platelets aggregated in suspension with thrombin. Complete Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeletons were isolated from spread, resting, and suspension-activated platelets in the presence of protease inhibitors, solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate/EDTA and analyzed on reduced, one-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The protein composition of the cytoskeletons differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Most notable were more extensive incorporation of total protein, talin, and vinculin into the cytoskeleton of spread platelets than the cytoskeleton of suspension- activated platelets. Varying the concentration and time of exposure to thrombin during suspension activation did not mimic the cytoskeletal changes of surface activation. Scanning electron microscopy, measurement of lipid phosphorus content, and varying the duration of Triton extraction did not show incomplete solubilization or nonspecific trapping of constituents in the spread platelet cytoskeleton. Proteolysis of talin was minimal in suspension-activated platelets and in platelets spread for 50 minutes. The differences in the detergent- resistant cytoskeletons of surface- and suspension-activated platelets indicate significant divergence in the physiologies of platelet spreading on surfaces and platelet activation in suspension.
Hiding Signatures in Graph Coloring Solutions

One way to protect a digital product is to embed an author’s signature into the object in the form of minute errors. However, this technique cannot be directly applied to protect intellectual properties such as solutions to hard problems which must maintain the correct functionality. This paper proposes a constraint-based watermarking technique and lays out a theoretical framework to evaluate this type of technique. Based on this framework, we analyze three watermarking techniques for the graph coloring problem because of its theoretical importance in complexity theory and numerous applications in real life. The first adds extra edges between some pairs of vertices and therefore forces them to be colored by different colors. The second pre-colors a set of well-selected vertices according to the watermark. And the last introduces new vertices and edges to the graph. Since credibility and overhead are the most important criteria for any efficient watermarking technique, we derive formulae which explicitly illustrate the trade-off between high credibility and low overhead. Asymptotically we prove that for almost all random graphs G n,p , an arbitrarily high credibility can be achieved by all proposed watermarking techniques with at most 1-color-overhead. Numerical simulation on random graphs shows that a large amount of information can be embedded with very low overhead. We also watermark several sets of graphs generated from real-life benchmarks. Almost all the watermarked graphs, with a huge watermark embedded, can be colored with the known minimal number of colors for the original instances with no run-time overhead.
Properties of a Fused Protein Formed by Genetic Manipulation HISTIDINOL DEHYDROGENASE-IMIDAZOLYLACETOL PHOSPHATE:l-GLUTAMATE AMINOTRANSFERASE

Abstract The enzymes specified by the second and third structural genes of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium, histidinol dehydrogenase and imidazolylacetol phosphate:l-glutamate aminotransferase, respectively, have been covalently linked by genetic manipulation. The molecular weight of the fused enzyme subunit is the sum of the weights of the wild type aminotransferase subunit and of the wild type dehydrogenase subunit as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. All three proteins are isolated primarily as dimers, with molecular weights of 59,000 (aminotransferase), 84,000 (dehydrogenase), and 140,000 (fused enzyme). With respect to its aminotransferase activity, the fused enzyme does not differ significantly from the wild type enzyme in stability to heat, Vmax, Km for substrates histidinol phosphate and α-ketoglutarate, and absorption spectrum. With respect to its dehydrogenase activity, the fused enzyme is more labile to heat than is the wild type enzyme, and has a 7-fold higher Km for l-histidinol. Its Km for NAD is not altered. The remarkable functional integrity of both dehydrogenase and aminotransferase catalytic activities in the fused enzyme and the retention of dimeric structure suggest that the information for normal folding of the two single proteins is preserved when the two polypeptide chains are covalently fused.
FPGA-based 3D median filtering using word-parallel systolic arrays

A 3D median filter architecture suitable for FPGA implementation is presented. The architecture consists of an ordered semi-systolic array of size equal to the filter window size. The hardware requirements of the architecture are significantly lower than those of previously reported systolic array architectures, making it desirable for the implementation of filters with large kernel sizes. An implementation of a 3/spl times/3/spl times/3/spl times/ filter in an Altera EP1C3T100C6 FPGA achieved a clock rate in excess of 100 MHz, being able to process a 128/spl times/128/spl times/128 image in 0.2 seconds. An implementation of a 3/spl times/3 2D filter achieved a clock rate in excess of 130 MHz.
Animal-Assisted Therapy and Application to Older Adults in Long Term Care

In the past thirty years animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has moved beyond anecdotal status to a scientific evidence-based intervention. AAT comes in many shapes and sizes. There are a variety of animals which can be used such as dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, guinea pigs, goats, dolphins, and even fish aquariums. Loneliness is a common theme among older adults in long term care (LTC). Many older adults living in LTC facilities feel isolated. Some have little contact with family members or friends. Many describe feelings of loneliness and withdraw from social activities and interaction with others. Some feel as if they have nothing to look forward to and find no useful purpose in life. The absence of having another to care for or nurture can also be distressing. The purpose of this project was to explore the use of AAT as an intervention to decrease loneliness in residents living in a LTC setting by introducing visits from a Sphynx cat registered by the Delta Society as a therapy animal. The project sample consisted of seven participants all over the age of 60 years who resided in a LTC facility in Texas. Pre-intervention and post-intervention checklists and open-ended questions were employed to collect data from participants. Analysis of the project findings revealed a notable decrease in loneliness.
Enhancing the properties of carbon and gold substrates by surface modification

The properties of both carbon and gold substrates are easily affected by the judicious choice of a surface modification protocol. Several such processes for altering surface composition have been published in literature. The research presented in this thesis primarily focuses on the development of on-column methods to modify carbon stationary phases used in electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). To this end, both porous graphitic carbon (PGC) and glassy carbon (GC) particles have been modified on-column by the electroreduction of arenediazonium salts and the oxidation of arylacetate anions (the Kolbe reaction). Once modified, the carbon stationary phases show enhanced chromatographic performance both in conventional liquid chromatographic columns and EMLC columns. Additionally, one may also exploit the creation of aryl films to by electroreduction of arenediazonium salts in the creation of nanostructured materials. The formation of mercaptobenzene film on the surface of a GC electrode provides a linking platform for the chemisorption of gold nanoparticles. After deposition of nanoparticles, the surface chemistry of the gold can be further altered by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation via the chemisorption of a second thiol species. Finally, the properties of gold films can be altered such that they display carbon-like behavior through the formation of benzenehexathiol (BHT) SAMs. BHT chemisorbs to the gold surface in a previously unprecedented planar fashion. Carbon and gold substrates can be chemically altered by several methodologies resulting in new surface properties. The development of modification protocols and their application in the analytical arena is considered herein.
Sport Support: Received Social Support as a Predictor of Athlete Satisfaction

Researchers have advocated for the exploration of communicative and psychological aspects of athlete-coach relationships associated with positive outcomes for athletes such as satisfaction. A particularly salient construct within literature that leads to satisfaction across contexts is receiving social support. This study examined 216 athletes’ reports of social support (i.e., tangible, informational, emotional, and esteem) received from head coaches, as well as their satisfaction with coaches and sport experiences. Results indicated that linear combinations of social support received from head coaches predicted athletes’ satisfaction with coaches and sport experiences. Specifically, informational, emotional, and esteem support accounted for unique variance in athletes’ satisfaction with coaches, whereas informational and emotional support accounted for unique variance in athletes’ satisfaction with sport experiences. Mediation tests revealed that the relationships between receiving social support and sat...
Modulation of la EPSP amplitude: the effects of chronic synaptic inactivity

In this study, we test the hypothesis that monosynaptic connections between la afferents and spinal motoneurons are strengthened by chronic disuse. Impulse activity along the medial gastrocnemius (MG) nerve was blocked for 2 weeks using TTX delivered by an osmotic minipump to a Silastic cuff placed around the nerve. The duration and specificity of this block were confirmed by chronic EMG recordings from several triceps surae muscles. The effect of TTX-induced inactivity of presynaptic elements on EPSP amplitude was distinguished from the effect of treating the postsynaptic target by comparing the results from heteronymous synaptic connections, where only one or the other element was treated. After 2 weeks of synaptic inactivity, the heteronymous EPSPs generated by MG la afferents in lateral gastrocnemius/soleus (LG-Sol) motoneurons were significantly (p less than 0.005) larger than control values (48%). Sample differences in rheobase current and half-afterhyperpolarization, both of which may covary with EPSP amplitude, did not account for the differences between groups. Segregation of the two samples of motoneurons by rheobase current identified the increase as being confined to those LG-Sol cells whose rheobase fell below 10 nA. In addition, EPSPs generated by untreated LG-Sol la afferents in treated MG motoneurons were significantly enhanced (39%, p less than 0.05). Thus, TTX treatment of either presynaptic or postsynaptic elements increases synaptic strength. This increase in monosynaptic EPSP amplitude following TTX- induced inactivity may reflect an alteration intrinsic to the la afferent to motoneuron synapse, but influences from extrinsic sources cannot be discounted.
On the Complexity of Turbulence Near a Wall

Some measures of the intrinsic complexity of the near wall turbulence are reviewed. The number of modes required in an “optimal” eigenfunction expansion is compared with the dimension obtained from the calculation of Liapunov exponents. These measures are of the same order, but they are very large. It is argued that the basic building block element of the near wall turbulence can be isolated in a small region of space (minimal flow unit). When the size of the domain is taken into account, the dimension becomes more manageable.
Instantaneous Measurements of Oxygen Consumption During Pre-Flight Warm-Up and Post-Flight Cooling in Sphingid and Saturniid Moths

A method for instantaneous measurement of oxygen consumption in an open flow respirometry system is described. During pre-flight warm-up in both sphingids and saturniids, oxygen consumption reaches levels 20 to 70 times resting values. V O O2 required to maintain the thorax at flight temperature by intermittent wing-quivering and fluttering is about one-third the maximum V O O2 during warm-up. The Q 10 of resting V O O2 averages 2·4 in both sphingids and saturniids. At any given thoracic temperature, V O O2 during post flight-cooling exceeds V O O2 at rest. Factorial scope (maximum V O O2 ÷resting V O O2 ) during warm-up is independent of mass and thoracic temperature. In sphingids it averages 39, in saturniids, 43. Absolute metabolic scope in both groups increases with thoracic temperature and is roughly proportional to V O O2 . In saturniids about 49% of the heat produced during warm-up is stored in the thorax; in sphingids the figure is about 73%. The data on metabolic scope, power requirements for flight, Q 10 and body mass are used to develop equations that predict thoracic temperature during flight for both sphingids and saturniids.
Factor structure of the Network Orientation Scale.

An enormous body of research on social support has been generated over the last decade, but this work has largely ignored personal characteristics that influence the utilization of support networks. The Network Orientation Scale is a self-report measure of negative network orientation—the perspective that it is inadvisable, useless, or risky to seek help from others. In this paper, factor analyses were performed on data from 48 women and 32 men in college. Three meaningful factors emerged, reflecting independence (and norms regarding help-seeking), help-seeking history, and mistrust.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide dilates cerebral arterioles of newborn pigs

The actions of the 38- and 27-amino acid forms of synthetic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-38 and PACAP-27) on cerebral arterioles were tested in anesthetized newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. The diameter changes of pial arterioles to topical PACAP were measured and cortical periarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected for measurement of cAMP. The 38- and 27-amino acid forms of PACAP produced similar dose-dependent vasodilations. The increases of pial arteriolar diameter produced by PACAP-38 were 6 +/- 1%, 15 +/- 2%, 23 +/- 3%, and 38 +/- 3%, and those produced by PACAP-27 were 6 +/- 1%, 15 +/- 2%, 27 +/- 5%, and 38 +/- 8% at 10((-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) M, respectively. Arteriolar diameter began to increase 1-2 min and reached a maximum 6-8 min after topical application of PACAP. Vasoactive concentrations of PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 increased cerebrospinal fluid cAMP levels dose dependently. Thus, PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 appear to stimulate cerebral adenylate cyclase and are potent dilators of newborn pigs pial arterioles.
The comparative study of interpersonal relationships

The comparative study of interpersonal relationships seeks to understand the nature of interpersonal relationships by identifying and explaining the differences between types of interpersonal relationships. Whenever a difference in two types of interpersonal relationship (e.g., spouse vs. stranger) is revealed, knowledge of both types of relationship is gained. In this article, I will illustrate this orientation using studies from four areas of research (marital relationships, gender differences, siblings, and intergenerational relationships) where the comparison of different types of relationships has provided interesting and useful information. I will also discuss the appropriate analytic methods for comparing relationships, focusing on the comparison of particular dyads (e.g., spouse–stranger designs), the comparison of multiple relationships (e.g., one-with-many designs), and the comparison of effects within the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. The study of non-shared environment illustrates effor...
Angiotensin mediated interaction of fetal kidney and placenta in the control of fetal arterial pressure and its role in hydrops fetalis

Fetal cardiovascular control is effected by an interaction of the fetal somatic and placental circulations. Three primary regulatory mechanisms are involved: transplacental transfer of extracellular fluid, driven by a difference in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures; modulation of fetal placental and somatic vascular resistances by means of blood pressure controlled production of angiotensin; and somatic autoregulation of flow. A systems analysis incorporates these and other fetal cardiovascular functions and this analysis was modelled for computer simulation. Given physiologically plausible values for known cardiovascular parameters in the fetal sheep, the model reproduced in detail a variety of experimental protocols with known outcomes; these included the normal fetus, the fetus after bilateral nephrectomy, the nephrectomized fetus infused with angiotensin, the intact fetus infused with NaCl solutions, the fetus with lymphatic obstruction and the severely anaemic fetus. The systems analysis demonstrated that fetal cardiac failure constituted the strongest stimulus for the formation of fetal oedema of any tested pathological intervention.
Controlling physics-based characters using soft contacts

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the deformable bodies on the control algorithms for physically simulated characters. We hypothesize that ignoring the effect of deformable bodies at the site of contact negatively affects the control algorithms, leading to less robust and unnatural character motions. To verify the hypothesis, we introduce a compact representation for an articulated character with deformable soft tissue and develop a practical system to simulate two-way coupling between rigid and deformable bodies in a robust and efficient manner. We then apply a few simple and widely used control algorithms, such as pose-space tracking control, Cartesian-space tracking control, and a biped controller (SIMBICON), to simulate a variety of behaviors for both full-body locomotion and hand manipulation. We conduct a series of experiments to compare our results with the motion generated by these algorithms on a character comprising only rigid bodies. The evaluation shows that the character with soft contact can withstand larger perturbations in a more noisy environment, as well as produce more realistic motion.
Electronic structure effects in catalysis probed by X-ray and electron spectroscopy

Abstract Here we review some recent developments in using electron and X-ray spectroscopy measurements to elucidate the chemical bond formation on catalyst surfaces used in chemical energy transformations. The d -band model allows a simple understanding of the bond strength of oxygen atom interacting with transition metals in terms of the energy position of the d -band. It is in particular the population of the antibonding states appearing through the interaction of the d -band with the O 2 p orbitals that determines the bond strength. We demonstrate how we can fine tune the d -band position and population of antibonding states for strained Pt films on Cu(1 1 1) and Ag(1 1 1) and ligand affected Pt surfaces due to either Ni, Co or Fe in the subsurface layer. We show the effect of nanostructuring in Pt monolayer model electrocatalysts on a Rh(1 1 1) single-crystal substrate on the adsorption strength of chemisorbed species using In situ high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD XAS) at the Pt L 3 edge.
Evaluation of ES-derived neural progenitors as a potential source for cell replacement therapy in the gut

Stem cell-based therapy has recently been explored for the treatment of disorders of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells represent an attractive cell source; however, little or no information is currently available on how ES cells will respond to the gut environment. In this study, we investigated the ability of ES cells to respond to environmental cues derived from the ENS and related tissues, both in vitro and in vivo. Neurospheres were generated from mouse ES cells (ES-NS) and co-cultured with organotypic preparations of gut tissue consisting of the longitudinal muscle layers with the adherent myenteric plexus (LM-MP). LM-MP co-culture led to a significant increase in the expression of pan-neuronal markers (βIII-tubulin, PGP 9.5) as well as more specialized markers (peripherin, nNOS) in ES-NS, both at the transcriptional and protein level. The increased expression was not associated with increased proliferation, thus confirming a true neurogenic effect. LM-MP preparations exerted also a myogenic effect on ES-NS, although to a lesser extent. After transplantation in vivo into the mouse pylorus, grafted ES-NS failed to acquire a distinct phenotype al least 1 week following transplantation. This is the first study reporting that the gut explants can induce neuronal differentiation of ES cells in vitro and induce the expression of nNOS, a key molecule in gastrointestinal motility regulation. The inability of ES-NS to adopt a neuronal phenotype after transplantation in the gastrointestinal tract is suggestive of the presence of local inhibitory influences that prevent ES-NS differentiation in vivo.
Factors influencing outcome of the American Board of Surgery Certifying examination: an observational study.

Abstract Background. Because of the content of the American Board of Surgery (ABS) certifying (oral) examination, there is a perception that those in some subspecialty surgical training programs at the time of the examination may have a lower pass rate. In addition, the format of the oral examination has prompted the use of specialized preparation such as “mock orals” and commercial courses. The purpose of this study was to correlate the pass rates on the ABS certifying examination with the practice status and methods of specialized preparation. Materials and methods. A survey covering demographic information, type of surgical practice at the time of the examination, methods of preparation, and results of the examination was distributed to 1997 and 1998 graduates via a request to surgical residency program directors. Results. One hundred one of 268 program directors supplied 717 names. There were 465 responses. Surveys distributed by the other 167 program directors resulted in an additional 81 responses. Four hundred ten (75%) of the respondents had taken the certifying examination. The total pass rate was 91%. There were no significant differences in the pass rate between those in private practice general surgery; those in academic general surgery; Thoracic, Vascular, or Plastic Surgery Fellows; those in other surgical fellowships; and those in the military or research. No significant differences in the pass rates were noted between those who prepared with formal mock orals, with informal mock orals, with a commercial course, with combinations of the three, and with no specialized preparation. Conclusion. Performance on the ABS certifying examination was not influenced by the candidate's practice status at the time of the examination. A substantial percentage of examinees either are exposed to or perceive the need to pursue specialized preparation for the examination, a behavior that in general produces good results.
Utility of Objective Measures of Activity and Attention in the Assessment of Therapeutic Response to Stimulants in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Background and purpose: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder that can respond dramatically to medication, if dose is appropriately titrated. Studies suggest that computer measures of attention cannot be used for titration as they show improvement on doses too low to produce clinical benefits. We assessed whether measures of motor activity and attention using the McLean Motion Attention Test (M-MAT™) could identify doses associated with optimal clinical response. Methods: Eleven boys (9.6 ± 1.8 years), receiving treatment with methylphenidate, and meeting DSM-IV criteria for ADHD, participated in this triple-blind (parent, child, rater), within-subject, efficacy study. Subjects received 1 week each of placebo, low (0.4 mg/kg), medium (0.8 mg/kg), and high (1.5 mg/kg) daily doses of methylphenidate. Parents rated response using an index of clinical global improvement. Results: In 9/11 subjects, the dose that produced the best improvement on M-MAT™ measures ...
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the temporal bone: A late prehistoric occurrence

Fibrous dysplasia, characterized by benign osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions may involve one or several bones. Recent investigators have suggested that it may be merely a phase of what have previously been thought to be several different bone diseases. Isolated fibrous dysplasia in the temporal bone is infrequent. Several reports of this disease have appeared in the literature of paleopathology, but none involved only the temporal bone. Monostotic involvement of the right temporal bone was discovered in the skull of an adult male recovered from an archeological site dating from the Late Mississippian period (A.D. 1,350-A.D. 1,650). It will provide an opportunity for preliminary documentation of the antiquity of this disease in the southeastern portion of the United States.
The Qualitative Exploration of Process-Sensitive Peer Group Supervision.

Abstract The purposes of this article are to present a model of peer group supervision and highlight findings from a qualitative exploration of this approach with master's-degree students in counseling and doctoral candidate supervisors. Based on previous approaches, a process-sensitive peer group supervision (PSPGS) model was developed to incorporate group process dynamics and supervision concepts. Results from a qualitative investigation of PSPGS generated initial theoretical conceptualizations regarding what occurs throughout a 15-week experience. Emergent themes pertained to supervisees' development, benefits of peer interactions and PSPGS, supervision group development, and the role of the supervisor.
CHD1 and CHD2 are positive regulators of HIV-1 gene expression

Retroviruses encode a very limited number of proteins and therefore must exploit a wide variety of host proteins for completion of their lifecycle. We performed an insertional mutagenesis screen to identify novel cellular regulators of retroviral replication. This approach identified the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2), as well as the highly related CHD1 protein, as positive regulators of both MLV and HIV-1 replication in rodent and human cells. RNAi knockdown of either CHD2 or the related CHD1 protein, in human cells resulted in a block to infection by HIV-1, specifically at the level of transcription. These results demonstrate that CHD1 and CHD2 can act as positive regulators of HIV-1 gene expression.
The Hasanlu Project: Archeologists, working with natural scientists, delineate life in a 1000 B.C. town of Azerbaijan.

The aim of this article has been to indicate some of the work in progress, both in the field and in the laboratory, in connection with the Hasanlu project. Since this work is still going on, no definitive conclusions can be reached in regard to the many special studies which our raw data have made possible.
In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work

Preface Chapter 1 In Good Company Chapter 2 Trust: The Air We Breathe Chapter 3 Networks and Communities: The Ties That Bind Chapter 4 Social Place, Social Time Chapter 5 Social Talk and Story: The Voice of Social Capital Chapter 6 The Challenge of Volatility Chapter 7 The Challenge of Virtuality Coda The Future of Social Capital Notes Suggested Readings Index About the Authors
Role of Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis in Resistance to Fat Gain in Humans

Humans show considerable interindividual variation in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating. The physiological basis of this variation was investigated by measuring changes in energy storage and expenditure in 16 nonobese volunteers who were fed 1000 kilocalories per day in excess of weight-maintenance requirements for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of the increases in total daily energy expenditure was due to increased nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which is associated with fidgeting, maintenance of posture, and other physical activities of daily life. Changes in NEAT accounted for the 10-fold differences in fat storage that occurred and directly predicted resistance to fat gain with overfeeding (correlation coefficient = 0.77, probability < 0.001). These results suggest that as humans overeat, activation of NEAT dissipates excess energy to preserve leanness and that failure to activate NEAT may result in ready fat gain.
Intraaortic Balloon Pumping in Cardiac Surgical Patients: A Nine-Year Experience

Abstract From March, 1973, to April, 1982, 378 of 5,546 patients (6.8%) undergoing cardiac operations had insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump (IABP). The 378 patients ranged in age from 19 to 84 years (mean, 58.2 years) and included 4.7% of patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting and 10.6% of patients undergoing valve replacement. An IABP was inserted preoperatively in 22 patients with unstable angina pectoris and in 33 patients with cardiogenic shock; intraoperatively in 252 patients who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass; and postoperatively in 71 patients who had hemodynamic deterioration. The IABP was inserted by femoral arteriotomy in 201 patients, by percutaneous femoral puncture in 161 patients, and by transthoracic aortotomy in 16 patients. All patients received daily infusions of low molecular weight dextran without heparin during the IABP period. Duration of IABP support ranged from 1 to 384 hours (mean, 37.3 hours). Out of 230 patients weaned from the IABP, 202 patients were discharged from the hospital for an overall survival rate of 53.4%. The overall incidence of complications was 11.6%. There were 8 IABP-related deaths (2.1%), which were due to ruptured aorta in 6 patients, aortic dissection in 1 patient, and helium embolus in 1. Survival was higher in patients with insertion by percutaneous femoral puncture (99/161; 61.5%) than in patients with insertion by femoral arteriotomy (99/201; 49.3%) ( p p p
Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid alterations in neoplastic diseases.

Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) was assayed in normal volunteers, patients with non-malignant diseases, and a variety of cancer patients. Mean plasma LSA in 50 normal volunteers, 16 patients with non-malignant diseases, 54 breast cancer, 17 lung cancer, 15 colon cancer, 7 ovarian cancer, 5 prostate cancer, 4 leukemia, 4 gastrointestinal, 3 thyroid cancer, 3 pancreas cancer and 2 adrenal cancer patients were 17.7, 23.2, 58, 85, 56.7, 46.2, 56.7, 53.3, 31.1, 33.2 and 119.5 mg/dl, respectively. None of the normal volunteers had elevated plasma LSA values. Plasma LSA level was not significantly different in male and female volunteers. Two patients with rheumatic arthritis had LSA values slightly elevated over the mean + 2 SD for the normal volunteers. Two out of 114 different cancer patients had plasma LSA levels within normal range exhibiting 98.2% sensitivity of the assay. Plasma LSA, which is relatively simple to assay, may be used as a tumor marker in wide variety of neoplastic diseases.
Features of childhood sexual abuse and the development of psychiatric and substance use disorders.

Background Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders. Aims To explore the risk associated with features of CSA and examine whether specific associations exist between particular profiles of CSA and the development of specific syndromes. Method In a population-based sample of adult female twins, we used logistic regression to explore the association between features of CSA (reported by the twin and her co-twin) and lifetime major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder and alcohol and drug dependence. Results In univariate and stepwise multiple regressions, patterns of predictors differed, although not significantly, across diagnoses. Greater risk was associated with attempted or completed intercourse, the use of force or threats, abuse by a relative, and a negative response by someone who was told about the abuse. Similar patterns were observed with co-twin reports. Conclusions Specific features of CSA differentially increase risk of later psychopathology; however, there do not appear to be unique predictive relationships between features of CSA and the emergence of specific psychiatric disorders.
IEEE 519 Update From a Utility Perspective

IEEE 519-1992 has been widely accepted and used for many years now. During these years, utility engineers have found the pros and cons of applying it on their systems. This paper describe one engineers experience in applying the document and explain how some of the proposed changes in the soon to be balloted update of this recommended practice will be beneficial
Prediction of enzyme function based on 3D templates of evolutionarily important amino acids.

Background Structural genomics projects such as the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) yield many new structures, but often these have no known molecular functions. One approach to recover this information is to use 3D templates – structure-function motifs that consist of a few functionally critical amino acids and may suggest functional similarity when geometrically matched to other structures. Since experimentally determined functional sites are not common enough to define 3D templates on a large scale, this work tests a computational strategy to select relevant residues for 3D templates.
An integrated business application architecture

An integrated business application architecture has been implemented in the Information Systems and Communications Group and the Information Systems and Products Group, two of IBM's group headquarters. The language base used is APL so that the maximum productivity can be achieved. The cornerstone of this architecture is an APL-based graphics package called A Presentation Graphics System (APGS). The architecture is a closed-loop system with the flexibility to expand as more application systems are needed. Increases in productivity and quality have been realized through the implementation of this architecture for both the management, the planning staff and the application programmers.
Factors Affecting Survival of Kokanees Stocked in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho

Abstract In 1987-1992, stockings of age-0 kokanees Oncorhynchus nerka in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, were evaluated to determine the contribution of hatchery fish to the age-0 population and their postrelease survival to autumn trawling, and to identify factors affecting survival of stocked fish. Fish were stocked at five locations in June or July and sampled with a midwater trawl near the end of their first growing season (late August–early September). Postrelease survival of hatchery kokanees averaged 23%, differed significantly among years, and ranged from 5 to 43% for individual release groups. From 1988 through 1991, survival of fry stocked in July was significantly higher than those stocked in June, but we could not detect a difference in survival among stocking locations. Survival of hatchery-reared kokanees was correlated with mean total zooplankton density during May–October, total zooplankton density at the time of stocking, density of Diaphanosoma sp.. density of Daphnia spp., and size of Daphnia...
Temporal and spatial variations in the natural abundance of 15N in PON from a warm-core ring

Abstract Vertical patterns of the natural abundance of 15 N (δ 15 N) for suspended particulate organic nitrogen (PON) for warm-core ring 82-B were found to found reflect vertical patterns in the utilization of NO 3 − by phytoplankton and the presumed diagenesis of sinking PON on long and short time scales. Temporal variations in the δ 15 N of PON were strongly associated with the onset of stratification and the removal of NO 3 − from the euphotic zone. In April, before stratification, euphotic zone values ranged from −2.6 to +3.3 per mil. During stratified conditions, in June, euphotic zone δ 15 N values were between +4.0 and +11.0 per mil. This shift in the δ 15 N of PON is attributed, in part, to a decrease in the contribution of isotopic fractionation by phytoplankton NO 3 − assimilation. It is concluded, however, that the input of Shelf Water or Slope Water PON of high δ 15 approximately + 10 per mil) into the ring also could have made a significant contribution to the shift in δ 15 N values between April and June. The contribution of Shelf Water- or Slope Water-derived PON to ring PON could be as high as 50% in the euphotic zone. A shift in the δ 15 N of PON at depth in Ring 82-B (400 to 800 m) probably occured in response to the change in euphotic zone δ 15 N values via the downward particle flux. It is hypothesized that PON at this depth interval had a residence time of about one month.
Upper limit for the solar neutron flux in the energy interval 20–120 MeV

Solar neutron flux measurement at earth in energy region 20-120 Mev by detector in balloon flight
A newly identified barley gene, Dhn12, encoding a YSK2 DHN, is located on chromosome 6H and has embryo-specific expression

Dehydrins are water-soluble lipid-associating proteins that accumulate during low-temperature or water-deficit conditions, and are thought to play a role in freezing- and drought-tolerance in plants. Dhn genes exist as multi-gene families in plants. Previously, we screened lambda genomic libraries of two barley cultivars in an effort to isolate all of the barley Dhn genes. We identified 11 unique Dhn genes and estimated a total of 13 Dhn genes in the barley genome. To extend the collection, we used an alternative source of clones, a 1.5×Morex barley BAC library. In this library, we found nine Dhn genes that we described previously and one new Dhn gene, Dhn12. The Dhn12 gene encodes an acidic YSK2 dehydrin. The Dhn12 gene is located on chromosome 6H, and shows a different expression pattern from all other Dhn genes identified previously. RT-PCR results show that Dhn12 expression is embryo-specific. Dhn12 is not expressed in seedling shoots under any of the conditions tested, including non-stressed as well as dehydrated, or cold-, ABA- or NaCl-treated seedlings.
Factors predicting stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in middle aged and elderly women: The role of living arrangements

We examined whether sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial factors predict stage at diagnosis in 444 women aged 55-84 with newly diagnosed, microscopically confirmed breast cancer. Stage was defined as local or advanced (regional or remote). One of the most interesting predictors of disease stage was living arrangement. The odds of being diagnosed with advanced disease were twice as great among women living with a spouse than among women living alone (95% CL = 1.16, 3.35), after adjusting for the effects of age, body mass index, income, comorbid conditions, smoking, and group membership. For those living with someone other than a spouse, the odds of advanced disease were 1.7 times greater than among those living alone (95% CL = 0.96, 3.06). Middle aged and older women who live alone may be more likely to monitor their own health and to use the health care system, and therefore have a greater chance of being diagnosed at an early stage of breast cancer.
Harvey Fletcher's role in the creation of communication acoustics

The major contributions made by Harvey Fletcher and his colleagues to communication acoustics are summarized along with a brief account of the acoustical career of the first President of the Acoustical Society of America.
Dynamic imaging of the immune system: progress, pitfalls and promise

Both innate and adaptive immunity are dependent on the migratory capacity of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Effector cells of the innate immune system rapidly enter infected tissues, whereas sentinel dendritic cells in these sites mobilize and transit to lymph nodes. In these and other secondary lymphoid tissues, interactions among various cell types promote adaptive humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Recent advances in light microscopy have allowed direct visualization of these events in living animals and tissue explants, which allows a new appreciation of the dynamics of immune-cell behaviour. In this article, we review the basic techniques and the tools used for in situ imaging, as well as the limitations and potential artefacts of these methods.
Factors governing the fire response of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars

Abstract This paper presents results from a set of numerical studies on the influence of critical factors on the fire response of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars. The macroscopic finite element model used in the analysis accounts for high temperature properties of constitutive materials, realistic load and restraint conditions, as well as temperature induced slip between FRP rebars and concrete. The validity of the model is established by comparing predictions from numerical analysis with measured data in fire test. Results from parametric studies indicate that rebar type, concrete cover thickness, and fire scenario have significant influence on the fire response of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars, while the presence of axial restraint in the beam has moderate influence on fire resistance. These results from parametric studies are utilized to propose an optimum insulation scheme for enhancing the fire response of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars.
Intergenerational Discussions as a Curriculum Strategy: Modeling Audacious Hope in Action

This article builds upon the idea of audacious hope in action described by Generett and Hicks in “Beyond Reflective Competency: Teaching for Audacious Hope-in-Action.” Outlining the difficulties that teachers experience sustaining hope, the author describes the survival strategies used by African Americans to remain hopeful when there was little evidence to support such a stance. This article proposes that intergenerational conversations with African Americans who are committed to social change can be an effective curriculum strategy for teacher educators seeking to incorporate a hopeful stance into their curriculums.