cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-dilution of desalination reject brine: Impact on outfall dilution in different water depths

Abstract High discharge salinity of reject brine from desalination plants necessitates the use of submerged jets which induce mixing with ambient water and lead to reduction in concentrations of salt and other contaminants. Pre-dilution, in which brine is blended with a lighter effluent prior to discharge, can also cause reduction in contaminant concentrations. Condenser cooling water from a co-located power plant, treated wastewater effluent from a treatment plant and seawater can be used for pre-dilution. The effect of pre-dilution on shallowness and contaminant concentrations in the diluted effluent is examined for discharge using single port and multiport outfalls. The density difference between the effluent and ambient seawater is lower for the discharge of pre-diluted brine, which leads to shallow conditions. Pre-dilution also results in lower concentrations of contaminants in the diluted effluent by reducing the discharge concentrations as well as increasing outfall dilution in deep water by increasing the densimetric Froude number. This helps in satisfying regulatory requirements on contaminant concentrations with small discharge velocity or using outfalls with small number of ports. While discharge of pre-diluted brine using an existing outfall helps save on the capital cost, it can cause a significant increase in pumping cost. For a new outfall, design parameters can be adjusted such that pumping cost stays constant.
Medication use in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia admitted to United States children's hospitals.

To identify the number of cumulative medication exposures and most frequently used medications in infants with severe BPD. We performed a retrospective cohort study in infants with severe BPD admitted to United States children’s hospitals. We measured cumulative medication exposures in individual subjects and between-center variation after adjustment for infant characteristics. We then identified the specific medications and therapeutic classes with the highest rates of use. In 3252 subjects across 43 hospitals, we identified a median (interquartile range) of 30 (17–45) cumulative medication exposures per infant. The adjusted mean number of medication exposures varied between centers (p < 0.0001), with a range of 22–50. Diuretics and furosemide were the most frequently prescribed therapeutic class and specific medication for the management of severe BPD. Infants with severe BPD are exposed to alarming number of medications of unclear efficacy and safety, with marked variation between center.
Redistribution of Labor to Prepare Teachers to Work in Inclusive Bilingual Classrooms

Urban contexts where children with a range of abilities, languages, and cultures are served demand unique teacher preparation models. This study contends that ensuring unrestrictive learning enviro...
A Device for Rapid Quantification of Seedling Morphology

Tree seedling growth response to environmental variables is of key concern in reforestation research. Physiological and morphological parameters affect this growth response. Scientists studying seedling cultural practices, genetic adaptability, and reforestation techniques need to test the quantitative effects of environment on seedling performance. However, inadequate standardized measurements of seedling morphology within and/ or between environmental treatment areas has often blocked these tests.
Optimal perfusion chemotherapy: A prospective comparison of mitomycin C and oxaliplatin for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in metastatic colon cancer

Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) origin is common and is the second-most frequent cause of death in colorectal cancer. There is survival benefit to surgical resection plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with metastatic CRC. However, there remains controversy between oxaliplatin (Oxali) and mitomycin C (MMC), as the agent of choice. Methods A review of our 285 patients prospective HIPEC database from July 2007 to May 2018 identified 48 patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC with MMC or Oxali. Patients were stratified based on preoperative and postoperative peritoneal cancer indices (PCI). The primary outcomes of survival and progression-free survival were compared. Results Type of HIPEC chemotherapy was not found to be predictive of overall survival. Preoperative PCI (P = .04), preoperative response to chemotherapy (P = .0001), and postoperative PCI (P = .05) were predictive for overall survival. Conclusions MMC or Oxali based HIPEC chemotherapy are both safe and effective for the management of peritoneal only metastatic CRC. Both perfusion therapies should be considered with all patients receiving modern induction chemotherapy.
Integrated Product Design and Development: Lessons Learned from Lean Manufacturing Practices

This article aims to establish potential relationship between lean manufacturing (LM) practices and integrated product design and development (IPDD). Comparisons of several critical factors show high degree of resemblances between the two methods. Several hypotheses regarding the relationships between factors for the two methods were developed and tested. Survey data strongly supports the hypotheses regarding similarities between the LM and IPDD methods. Statistical results also indicate compared with conventional companies, by utilizing IPDD, lean manufacturing organizations are able to design and develop products with better quality, less development time, higher frequency, and lower development and manufacturing costs. K eywords: Integrated, Product, Design, Development, Lean, Manufacturing.
Capacity building, local ownership and implementation of a multi-level HIV/AIDS positive health, dignity, and prevention initiative in Mozambique: approach, challenges and lessons learned.

Mozambique has for many years suffered from a high burden of HIV with an estimated prevalence of 11.1% among adults age 15–49 years. In response, Positive Health, Dignity, and Prevention (or Positi...
Advancing the Practice of Animal-Assisted Counseling Through Measurable Standards

As the practice of animal-assisted counseling (AAC) flourishes, the need for measurable standards increases. The purpose of this study was to identify standards in AAC as a means to recommend measu...
Which stars can see Earth as a transiting exoplanet

Transit observations have found the majority of exoplanets to date. Spectroscopic observations of transits and eclipses are the most commonly used tool to characterize exoplanet atmospheres and will be used in the search for life. However, an exoplanet's orbit must be aligned with our line of sight to observe a transit. Here we ask, from which stellar vantage points would a distant observer be able to search for life on Earth in the same way? We use the TESS Input Catalog and data from Gaia DR2 to identify the closest stars that could see Earth as a transiting exoplanet: We identify 1,004 Main Sequence stars within 100 parsecs, of which 508 guarantee a minimum 10-hour long observation of Earth's transit. Our star list consists of about 77% M-type, 12% K-type, 6% G-type, 4% F-type stars, and 1% A-type stars close to the ecliptic. SETI searches like the Breakthrough Listen Initiative are already focusing on this part of the sky. Our catalog now provides a target list for this search. As part of the extended mission, NASA's TESS will also search for transiting planets in the ecliptic to find planets that could detect life on our transiting Earth as well.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING ON QUADRICEPS MUSCLE ATROPHY AND CIRCUMFERENCE POST ACL RECONSTRUCTION.

Background ACL reconstruction often results in an extended period of muscle atrophy and weakness. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a technique that has been shown to decrease muscle atrophy in a variety of populations. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the research presented on the effect of blood flow restriction training on quadriceps muscle atrophy and circumference post ACL reconstruction. Study design Systematic Review. Methods Articles were reviewed using the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCO. Keywords included blood flow restriction training, ACL reconstruction, and quadriceps. Inclusion criteria included English language, peer-reviewed journals; randomized control trials; and articles including blood flow restriction and measurement of quadriceps atrophy and circumference post ACL reconstruction. Exclusion criteria included non-English language publications; studies without a control group; and articles without sufficient data to evaluate the methodology. Four studies met the selection criteria and were assessed using the GRADE scale, which analyzes the strength of a study based on study limitations, precision, consistency, directness, and publication bias. After a GRADE designation was assigned, the following information was extracted from and compared across the studies: participant demographics, cuff used, graft used during ACL reconstruction, tool used to assess muscle atrophy, protocol used, and conclusions. Results Three out of four studies showed some amount of an increase in femoral muscle cross sectional area after the use of BFR combined with low-intensity resistance training (LIRT). The strength of all four studies was moderate when assessed using the GRADE scale. Conclusion This review of the available evidence yields promising results regarding the use of BFR and LIRT in the remediation of femoral muscle atrophy after an ACL reconstruction. Further research is necessary before BFR can be recommended for use in clinical settings. Level of evidence 3a.
Trafficking in Law: Cause Lawyer, Bureaucratic State, and the Rights of Human Trafficking Victims in Thailand

In this case study of a young, Thai ‘cause lawyer,’ advocacy for human rights is considered in context. The most important elements of that context are the path of development of Thai political and legal institutions, globalizations of law, and the networks of relationships which penetrate the state itself. The case study shows that human rights advocacy by NGO lawyers can adapt creatively to unpromising conditions where courts provide little access or oversight. At the same time, the case study raises profound questions about the ultimate independence of cause lawyers where the state must be made a partner as well as an adversary in order to establish the the authority of law needed to make human rights advocacy possible. The ambiguity of the lawyer’s position is apparent from the relative ineffectiveness of her interventions and her growing moral authority on behalf of best practices under law. Her position suggests the limitations on law imposed by the underpinnings of the Thai state itself.
Elevated COVID19 mortality risk in detroit area hospitals among patients from census tracts with extreme socioeconomic vulnerability

Abstract Background the incidence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) is elevated in areas with heightened socioeconomic vulnerability. Early reports from US hospitals also implicated social disadvantage and chronic disease history as COVID19 mortality risk factors. However, the relationship between race and COVID19 mortality remains unclear. Methods we examined in-hospital COVID19 mortality risk factors in a multi-hospital tertiary health care system that serves greater Detroit, Michigan, a predominantly African American city with high rates of poverty and chronic disease. Consecutive adult patients who presented to emergency departments and tested positive for COVID19 from 3/11/2020 through 4/18/2020 were included. Using log-binomial regression, we assessed the relationship between in-hospital mortality and residence in census tracts that were flagged for extreme socioeconomic vulnerability, patient-level demographics, and clinical comorbidities. Findings a total of 1,015 adults tested positive for COVID19 during the study period; 80% identified as Black people, 52% were male and 53% were ≥ 65 years of age. The median body mass index was 30•4 and the median Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 4. Patients from census tracts that were flagged for vulnerability related to socioeconomic status had a higher mortality rate than their peers who resided in less vulnerable census tracts (β 0.26, standard error (SE) 0.11, degrees of freedom (df) 378, t-value (t) 2.27, exp(β) 1.29, p-value 0.02). Adjustment for age category, Black race, sex and/or the Charlson Comorbidity Index score category reduced the magnitude of association by less than 10% [exp(β) 1.29 vs. 1.21]. Black race [p = 0.38] and sex [p = 0.62] were not associated with mortality in this sample. Interpretation people who lived in areas flagged for extreme socioeconomic vulnerability had elevated mortality risk in our predominantly African-American cohort of COVID19 patients who were able to seek hospital care during the so-called ‘first wave’ of the pandemic. By contrast, Black race was not associated with mortality in our sample.
Reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion following a 1-wk IGF-1 infusion in late gestation fetal sheep is due to an intrinsic islet defect.

After a 1-wk infusion of IGF-1 LR3, late gestation fetal sheep had lower plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, reduced fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and decreased fractional insu...
Large-Scale Thermal TCAD Simulations of 7nm Circuits

Many IC thermal simulations use only a small volume due to machine/EDA tool constraints. This work presents a thermal TCAD simulation methodology on a large-scale 7nm circuit using available thermal TCAD tools. The circuit model is based on a 3 x 3 array of inverter circuits and incorporates 18 metal levels in the back-end. A constant power is applied to each channel of the devices in the inverters as the heat source. The steady-state temperature is calculated for the system, with the goal of ensuring the temperature in the metallurgy does not exceed electromigration limits. Furthermore, the overall volume modelled is enlarged to evaluate the TCAD tools abilities to scale to larger and more complex models. The model, the methodology used and the results with specific attention to the scalability of the tools evaluated is discussed. The applicability of this methodology is demonstrated by showing the self-heating of measured structures is predicted with reasonable accuracy.
Metastable Dion-Jacobson 2D structure enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

The performance of three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be enhanced by surface treatment with 2D layered perovskites that have efficient charge transpor...
Imaging of the Postoperative Skull Base and Cerebellopontine Angle

For pathologic conditions affecting the skull base and cerebellopontine angle, imaging techniques have advanced to assess for residual disease, disease progression, and postoperative complications. Knowledge regarding various surgical approaches of skull base tumor resection, expected postoperative appearance, and common postsurgical complications guides radiologic interpretation. Complexity of skull base anatomy, small size of the relevant structures, lack of familiarity with surgical techniques, and postsurgical changes confound radiologic evaluation. This article discusses the imaging techniques, surgical approaches, expected postoperative changes, and complications after surgery of the skull base, with emphasis on the cerebellopontine angle, anterior cranial fossa, and central skull base regions.
Underdetermination, Conventionalism and Realism: The Copenhagen vs. the Bohm Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

In an article from which the present Festschrift takes its title (Post 1971), Heinz Post discusses heuristic strategies with the aid of which scientists generate a successor (or more general, covering) theory L from a theory S that has been pressed beyond the limits of its validity. These “‘theoretic’ guide lines to new theories” (ibid., p. 217) he broadly classifies as invariance principles and a General Correspondence Principle (ibid., p. 228). Our comments here and this paper in general are related most directly to his correspondence principle, one feature of which consists in conserving in L, not only the successful empirical consequences of S,but also as many of the explanatorily useful and conceptually desirable features of S as possible, as well as requiring the new theory L to yield the old one S as a well-defined (mathematical and, perhaps, even conceptual) limit as some relevant parameter or physically significant quantity is varied. It is certainly true that both Bohr and Bohml used such heuristic guidelines to generate quantum mechanics from classical mechanics. Post claims (and quite correctly, as general characteristics of theory construction) that the procedure of generating a new theory (or of generalizing and old one) “is conservative (as every good scientist is).” (ibid.,p. 218).
A Vision System on Chip for Industrial Control

This paper describes the building of an original vision system on chip. Our smart sensor performs motion detection and pattern recognition with only one single line of pixels. The maximum cross-correlation number is processed by the processors network. A peculiar methodology was defined to tackle the sensor’s processing part design. Relying on our architectural synthesis tool GAUT, it leads to an optimal matching between the application specifications, the sensor’s architecture and the processor’s. The elementary processor’s architecture is detailed. Its CMOS VLSI implementation is sketched, as well as the sensor’s analog part and the light to byte conversion. The circuit’s final structure and floorplan are outlined. Its performances are exhibited.
Photophysics of Highly-Excited States

Photophysics and photochemistry in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV; energies greater than ~6 eV) is dominated, to one extent or another, by the presence of highly-excited (Rydberg, or R) states. Indeed, a large majority of questions in modern atomic and molecular physics impinge on the structure of Rydberg states and their continuum counterparts, questions as diverse as, for example, the nature of electron transfer in gaseous and condensed phases; the effects of electric and magnetic fields on highly-excited states; field-ionization of R states as a means of constructing weakfield detectors; the use of highly-excited states as tunable microwave sensors and in the construction of tunable microwave lasers; etc. This listing could obviously be extended; and, in fact, it is extended -- both in breadth and in depth -- in the following chapters in this volume.
"Frontiers in Science": An In-Service for Science Teachers.

Among the major challenges facing science teachers are their concerns about the dynamic complexities of science and technology coupled with changing trends in the school science curriculum nationwide (American Association for the Advancement of Science [AAAS] 1989; National Assessment of Educational Progress [NAEP] 1998; National Science Teachers Association [NSTA] 1989). In an effort to overcome these frustrations, American science educators have proposed that science literacy be their primary goal (AAAS 1989). The Lehigh Valley Educational Cooperative of Eastern Pennsylvania (LVEC), composed of educators, administrators, and industry and higher education representatives, developed a comprehensive assessment instrument to address these concerns and review the science education needs of elementary, middle, and high school science teachers (LVEC 1990). The questionnaire was sent to 2,500 science teachers (public and private) in eastern Pennsylvania through educational intermediates for the state department of education and area school districts-Intermediate Units (IUs). A total of 1,704 elementary, 89 middle, and 154 high school questionnaires were returned. The results focused on demographics and in-service, instructional, and professional needs, with nearly all respondents indicating inservice needs in safety, hands-on science, computer applications, and basic science content. The teachers also sought exposure to current research, more knowledge of industrial applications, and a greater exchange of ideas between universities and basic educators (see table 1 for needs assessment results from middle and high school teachers). The LVEC shared the results of the needs assessment with me at Lehigh University, a private institution in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and asked that a workshop ad-
Transport Theory for Optical Oceanography

A general introduction to the field of ocean optics is presented, including features that make optical oceanography problems similar to and different from other transport problems. Methods for solving time-independent, one-dimensional problems are discussed that are appropriate for passive illumination conditions.
Polyethylene glycol 400 penetration of the colonic epithelial barrier of the rat

Abstract Permeability changes of polyethylene glycol 400 have been seen in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Because the colon can be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, the mechanisms, kinetics, and influence of intraluminal factors on polyethylene glycol 400 permeation of perfused colonic segments of rats were studied. The absorption rate of polyethylene glycol 400 was linearly related to its luminal concentration (r = 0.94), suggesting that passive diffusion is a significant mechanism involved in polyethylene glycol 400 absorption. Changing the perfusate pH from 6.0 to 7.5 did not affect water absorption or polyethylene glycol 400 permeation. Increasing luminal osmolarity significantly decreased water and polyethylene glycol 400 absorption (P
Value Added: Best Practices For The Utilization Of Assistant Principals' Skills And Knowledge In Schools

There are many demands on schools today to perform at a high level with competence that improves teaching and learning and promotes higher student achievement. When students perform below national standards, schools may be given a “no vote of confidence” from the public. Therefore, principals in schools need to find ways to groom and utilize the talents of assistant principals in a broader capacity. The assistant principal is the individual who should work closely with the principal to handle management and instructional matters within the school. Too many school districts today have principals who continue to under utilize the strong talents, skills, knowledge of the assistant principal (Bolman & Terrence, 2002). Typical uses of an assistant principal in too many schools include being on hall, bus, recess, and cafeteria duty and handling of student discipline on a daily basis. Some assistant principals bring to the school setting skills and knowledge related to broader practices for improving instruction and management in schools. In order to help create and maintain effective schools, there should be identified ways to improve the use of assistant principals’ skills and knowledge that could impact teaching and learning. A central part of being a great school leader is to cultivate the leadership skills of others, especially the assistant principal (Darling-Hammond, 2007). The purpose of this study is to discuss the contemporary role of today’s assistant principals including getting to know the assistant principal, value in shared leadership, developing the assistant principal’s leadership skills, use of technology, and the professional learning community. The benefits of this study hopefully will remind principals and school leaders to assess the skills and knowledge that the assistant principal brings to the school setting and to utilize those talents for improving school performance. The effective principal will also continue to provide opportunities for leadership development and engagement for the assistant principal in meaningful ways that support strong instructional leadership.
Electronically Induced Atom Motion in Engineered CoCun Nanostructures

We have measured the quantum yield for exciting the motion of a single Co atom in CoCu n linear molecules constructed on a Cu(111) surface. The Co atom switched between two lattice positions during electron excitation from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. The tip location with highest probability for inducing motion was consistent with the position of an active state identified through electronic structure calculations. Atom motion within the molecule decreased with increased molecular length and reflected the corresponding variation in electronic structure.
Mathematical Communication in the Classroom: A Teacher Makes a Difference

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) states that “Communication is an essential part of mathematics and mathematics education” (2000, p. 60). In fact, communication is one of the five process standards emphasized by NCTM. The communication standard highlights the importance of young children communicating their mathematical thinking coherently to peers and teachers. This standard also states that young children should use math language to express mathematical ideas (Baroody, 2000; Ginsburg, Inoue, & Seo, 1999; NCTM, 2000; Rubenstein & Thompson, 2002; Whitin & Whitin, 2003). Teachers must create a link between mathematics and language (Rubenstein & Thompson, 2002; Stigler & Hiebert, 2004). This article focuses on the informal strategies used by Melissa (a kindergarten teacher) that promoted the use of math language. The strategies were identified during a 3-month observational period in her classroom at Clinton Elementary (pseudonym). Clinton Elementary is located in a low-income neighborhood of a southern city that has a population of approximately 450,000. The neighborhood population is predominantly African-American (Davis, 1994).
The relation between the Hypnotic Induction Profile and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales, forms A and C.

Abstract Measures from the clinically derived Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) of Spiegel (1974a) were correlated with those from the laboratory derived Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales, Forms A and C (SHSS:A, SHSS:C) of Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1959, 1962), and with some scores from the related Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & E. Orne, 1962). Ss were paid volunteers from student populations at the University of Pennsylvania (N = 87) and from Stanford University (N = 58). Some differences in sampling procedures and orders of testing are discussed, but only minimal differences between the 2 samples resulted. Positive but nonsignificant correlations were found between the Eye-Roll sign alone and SHSS in the 2 samples. Both the Induction (IND) and Profile scoring methods of HIP were compared with SHSS. The IND, an actuarial scale, was positively correlated with SHSS. A representative value is the significant correlation of .34 between IND and SHSS:(A + C)/2 scores when ...
Combinatorial proofs of Ramanujan's 1ψ1 summation and the q -Gauss summation

Theorems in the theory of partitions are closely related to basic hypergeometric series. Some identities arising in basic hypergeometric series can be interpreted in the theory of partitions using F-partitions. In this paper, Ramanujan's 1 ψ1 summation and the q-Gauss summation are established combinatorially.
Purification of Plasmodium lophurae exoerythrocytic merozoites by an ion exchange column.

SYNOPSIS Exoerythrocytic merozoites of Plasmodium lophurae grown in embryonic turkey brain cells were successfully separated from host cell material by elution from a DEAE-cellulose column at ionic strength 0.22. Purity of parasite samples was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Increasing the ionic strength gave greater recoveries of merozoites, but host cell contamination increased.
Theory of Heterogeneity in Displacement Reactions

We investigate the effects of a heterogeneous distribution of affinity constants on association/dissociation and displacement reactions. Through a theoretical analysis, we show that the low-concentration limit of the reaction isotherm depends exclusively on the high-affinity tail of the distribution. If the high-affinity tail decays rapidly, the reaction follows the standard Langmuir isotherm. However, if the high-affinity tail decays slowly, the form of the isotherm crosses over to the Sips isotherm. The threshold for this crossover is different for association/dissociation and displacement reactions. These results have broad implications for the assessment of heterogeneity in displacement assays.
Analysis of choroidal thickness in eyes treated with focal laser photocoagulation using SD-OCT.

Abstract Objective To analyze the effect of focal laser photocoagulation on choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design Retrospective review. Participants Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients diagnosed with DME and treated with focal laser photocoagulation (treatment group) and 19 fellow treatment-naive eyes (control group) who underwent high-definition 1-line raster scanning using the Cirrus SD-OCT at the New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center (Boston, Mass.) between November 2009 and April 2012. Methods The SD-OCT images were analyzed for the measurement of choroidal thickness by 2 independent observers experienced in analyzing OCT images, before treatment and at 3 months after focal laser photocoagulation in the treatment group, and at baseline (when the fellow eye in the treatment group was treated) and at 3-month follow-up in the control group. Results There was no significant difference in the mean choroidal thickness in the treatment and control groups (n = 22, p = 0.93 and n = 19, p = 0.1, respectively) at 3-month follow-up. There was no significant association of the number of focal laser treatments with the mean choroidal thickness (n = 41, r = −0.31, p = 0.68). Conclusions Focal laser photocoagulation does not appear to alter choroidal thickness in eyes with DME in the short term, as assessed using SD-OCT. Long-term follow-up of eyes with DME and other retinal diseases treated with laser photocoagulation may provide further insight into the effects of this treatment modality on the choroid.
Endor from nitrogens and protons in low spin ferric heme and hemoprotein

Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) signals have been obtained from iron-linked nitrogens in frozen solutions of cytochrome c, metmyoglobin cyanide, and a low spin protohemin mercaptide complex. Hyperfine couplings from heme protons have also been obtained from metmyoglobin cyanide and from a low spin protohemin cyanide complex. Several of these proton resonances are assigned to specific heme protons.
Biotic factors that affect sod webworms in grass seed fields in Oregon.

An outbreak of Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller) (formerly Crambus topiarius Zeller), was observed through the autumn and winter to determine the major biotic factors affecting the overwintering larvae in Oregon grasslands. Predation by starlings, killdeer, sandpipers, and blackbirds in October reduced the larval population in a field of bluegrass more than 80%. Birds found infestations and picked larvae out of their hibernacula during most of the winter. The fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) was present in all field collections but infected only 3.1% of the population; 8.3% of mature larvae were parasitized by the tachinid Lydina polidoides (Townsend). Three species of sod webworms that occur in Oregon grasslands were found to differ in nutritional requirements; Pediasia trisecta Walker and Tehama bonifatella (Hulst) clearly required leaves for optimum growth, whereas C. topiaria grew equally well on either roots or leaves of Festuca rubra var. commutata Guad. In nature, the larvae of C. topiaria remained within the crown of the plant to feed and therefore are probably less susceptible to contact with foliar applications of insecticide than the larvae of P. trisecta and T. bonifatella . However, the rate of oviposition of C. topiaria suggests that a quick-killing insecticide applied when the adults emerge could prevent moths from laying most of their eggs.
Temperature dependence of intensities of the 8-12 micron bands of CFCl3

The absolute intensities of the 8-12 micron bands from Freon 11 (CFCl3) were measured at temperatures of 294 and 216 K. Intensities of the bands centered at 798, 847, 934, and 1082 per cm are all observed to depend on temperature. The temperature dependence for the 847 and 1082 per cm fundamental regions is attributed to underlying hot bands; for the nu2 + nu5 combination band (934 per cm), the observed temperature dependence is in close agreement with theoretical prediction. The implication of these results on atmospheric IR remote-sensing is briefly discussed.
Semiotic Representations: Building Complex Literacy Practices through the Arts.

Learning to write well often proves to be one of the most difficult areas in the English language arts for young children. However, in these fourth- and fifth-grade language arts classrooms, children are offered opportunities to explore, think through, and express meaning across and within sign systems—in particular, using art, drama, and language. Children engage in arts- and language-based lessons and develop semiotic texts that are richly complex and imaginatively descriptive. Within the teacher's semiotic approach to literacy instruction, children develop habits in strategy use and knowledge of and practice in sign systems, both of which help them develop strong literacy practices. Once such experiences become habits of mind, students develop new insights into their own writing, creating, and talking about their texts, as well as the composing process.
The role of steroid metabolic profiling as an aid in the diagnosis of familial precocious puberty, a subgroup of true precocious puberty

We report the results of a study of a rare form of true precocious puberty in a family with a history of the condition. Only the male members manifest the trait, whereas it appears to be carried by both males and females. Routine urinary steroid analysis rapidly eliminated most of the classical enzyme defects associated with premature sexual maturation. Further investigation of urinary steroid extracts using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed essentially normal prepubertal androgen values for the proband A at 4 years of age, and for his affected and carrier relatives when compared with healthy age-matched individuals. While his plasma gonadotropin levels were in the prepubertal range, his plasma testosterone value was significantly elevated with values just below the normal range for an adult male.
A new cold cathode using pulsed laser deposited lanthanum monosulfide thin films

Using MEMS technology, an array of cold cathodes was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of chemically and thermally stable lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) thin film anode and cathode contacts. The latter were defined via etching and processing of two different pieces of (100) Si wafers separated via a highly resistive sputter deposited aluminum nitride (AlN) layer whose thickness was used to control the anode to cathode spacing. The top and bottom Si wafers were aligned and glued together using high temperature, vacuum compatible epoxy. Field emission (FE) characteristics were recorded in a vacuum chamber with a base pressure near 10-7 Torr. An average electric field threshold for Fowler-Nordheim (FN) field emission in the range of 100 V/mum was measured. A maximum current density of 8 mA/ cm2 was recorded which is large enough for flat panel display applications. The largest emission current measured was about 5X10-7 A above which thermal runaway occurred leading to a failure of the cathode. The failure mechanism is most likely due to Joule heating in the aluminum (Al) thin film underneath the LaS cathodes.
Thin Films: Lean and mean superconductivity

When it comes to superconducting device components, there is no such thing as too thin, but superconductivity has its limits. Now, ultrathin lead films with crystalline perfection have been shown to be able to carry large dissipationless currents down to a thickness of a few monolayers.
Size-distributions of chondrule types in the Inman and Allan Hills A77011 L3 chondrites

The size distributions of barred-olivine (BO) and radial-pyroxene/cryptocrystalline (RPC) chondrules are investigated in a petrographic study of nine and 18 thin sections (respectively) of the L3 chondrites Inman and ALHA77011. It is found that the Inman chondrules are significantly larger than the ALHA77011 chondrules and that RPC chondrules in Inman and BO chondrules in ALHA77011 are relatively more numerous, but no significant difference in the BO and RPC size distributions is observed. A formation mechanism involving size sorting of dustball chondrule precursors by aerodynamic particle-gas interactions in a large region of the solar nebula, melting of sorted dustballs in relatively small regions, and chondrule mixing and agglomeration (from subreservoirs containing uniformly large or uniformly small chondrules of a particular compositional type) to form chondrites is proposed.
Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Pomegranate Juice Consumption

This 48-year-old man with possible underlying myopathy was successfully treated with ezetimibe 10 mg/day and rosuvastatin 5 mg every other day for 17 months. Three weeks before presentation, he began drinking pomegranate juice (200 ml twice weekly). He presented urgently with thigh pain and an elevated serum creatine kinase level (138,030 U/L, normal < 200 U/L). In conclusion, because both grapefruit and pomegranate juice are known to inhibit intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4, this report suggests that pomegranate juice may increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis during rosuvastatin treatment, despite the fact that rosuvastatin is not known to be metabolized by hepatic P450 3A4.
A non-iterative model for switching window computation with crosstalk noise

Proper modeling of the switching windows leads to a better estimate of the noise induced delay variations. The present paper proposes a new continous switching window model. This new model is combined with an ordering technique that avoids convergence and multiple solution issues in the fixed point iteration methods. Experimental results show that our new model can achieve 2-3x times speedup over the fixed point iteration methods, and provide better simulation results than the discrete models and the event-driven based method.
Solid Solubility of Aluminum in O'‐SiAlON

Energy -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS) analysis was used to investigate the solid solubility of aluminum (X value) in O -SiAlONs (Si2-xAlxO1+xN2-x)using transmission electron microscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode. Lattice parameter a of the O -SiAlONs increased with increased X value =0.16. The X value of 0.16 was the maximum of the X value in SiAlONs precipitated from a Si-Al O-N melt which was sasturated with aluminum and nitrogen at 1700oC.The X value of O -SiAlONs measured by EDXS were smaller than those calculated on the assumption that the Si2N2O structure accommodated the total amount of the doped Al2O3 . This result suggested that a considerable amount of Al2O3 remained in grain boundaries as secondary phases.
The New Urban Landscape: The Redefinition of City Form in Nineteenth-Century America

In "one of the best books available on the changing physical form of the nineteenth-century city in America (Arnold R. Alanen, University of Wisconsin, Madison), Schuyler analyzes efforts by the civic leaders of that time to define a new urban culture by creating open recreational and residential areas for growing cities.
Distributional preferences in contingent valuation surveys

Abstract In an original extension of contingent valuation methodology (CVM), support for a proposed environmental regulation is examined under three alternative polluter-pay specifications. Using a statewide random telephone sample of Washington State's electorate, one scenario asks respondents for their support absent any CV price and absent any information regarding what producers will pay. A second scenario asks willingness to pay (WTP) providing only a CV price but no polluter-pay information. A third scenario asks respondents for their support giving both a CV price and a percentage of total costs producers will pay. Extending the CV methodology, this percentage varies randomly between respondents. Absent any price or firm cost sharing information, some respondents assume producers are absorbing the costs. Providing a CV price reverses this assumption, and reduces support even after controlling for price. When the CV price is given along with the percentage, WTP increases the larger the percentage. Within each scenario support also varies according to whether the type of industry being regulated is small and competitive, or monopolistic.
Serum levels of prophylactic cefazolin during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding the appropriate prophylactic dose of cefazolin for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) because the effect of CPB on serum drug levels is poorly understood. Current standards of prophylaxis are based primarily on empiric studies. Few studies have attempted to quantify serum cefazolin levels in either cardiac or noncardiac surgeries. This study was conducted to measure and assess the adequacy of the intraoperative serum levels of prophylactic cefazolin in CPB surgery. Methods This prospective study serially measured six intraoperative serum cefazolin levels in 10 subjects undergoing elective and urgent CABG surgery. We compared the serum levels with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC 90 ) for the most common organisms causing postoperative infection. Results Serum-free cefazolin levels fluctuated considerably during the operation but remained above the MIC 90 for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis . The serum levels fell below the MIC 90 for Enterobacter , Serratia , Escherichia coli , and Proteus mirabilis . Conclusions Serum cefazolin levels during CPB remained consistently above the MIC for two of the three main organisms causing postoperative infection but were suboptimal for the remainder. Additional studies are needed to assess the intraoperative serum levels of single-dose cefazolin prophylaxis and to explore alternate dosing methods that minimize intraoperative fluctuations in serum cefazolin levels.
Abstract 1048: Homogenous, bioluminescent and HTS formatted assay for quantization of ADP production in kinase and ATPase reactions

Because of its versatility (all types of substrates), robustness (Z’>0.8), rapid performance, and its ease of use, the luminescence based Kinase Glo TM assays platform have gained wide acceptance in many drug screening programs for protein kinase inhibitors. We have attempted to extend our strategy by now monitoring ADP product formation in the kinase reaction. The new assay we developed (ADP Glo) maintains all the positive features of Kinase Glo TM such as universality, and applicability to all kinds of kinase substrates regardless of their nature with no prior modification (peptides, protein, polymer, lipids, and sugars) but In stead of measuring ATP depletion, it monitors ADP production. It detects ADP at early stages of enzyme reactions with very high signal to background (SB) ratio. It can be run at a wide range of ATP concentrations (low micromolar to millimolar), is sensitive to low ADP concentrations (0.1 pmol), and it can be carried out in high density plate formats. This assay is robust and homogenous, and does not require antibodies or custom synthesized substrates. It is ideal to search for optimal substrates in a collection of peptides, proteins, or lipids in a single assay format, and to screen for ATP competitive and Non competitive inhibitors. Because of the high dynamic range and more importantly, the high SB values even at low % ATP to ADP conversion, the assay allows the use of low amounts of enzyme during high-throughput screening. Evaluation of this assay in a screen of a large chemical library showed minimal false hits attesting to the quality of this system. The ADP-Glo TM assay is applicable to all types of kinases, ATPases, multidrug resistant proteins such as MDR1-Pgp, helicases, topoisomerases, and heat shock proteins and as well as many other ADP producing enzyme reactions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1048.
Stanley “Tookie” Williams, Gangbanger Autobiography, and Warrior Tribes

There are three kinds of gangbanger autobiography: those told from inside the life, those told from outside the life, and those told by those who are outside the life but whose sense of self is still inextricably connected with gangbanger deeds and the respect/status won by those deeds. Stanley “Tookie” Williams's autobiographical writing provides a telling example of the third kind. To understand Williams's autobiographical writings we need to look at them in relation to the whole range of gangbanger autobiography – and the wide range of autobiographies that come to us from tribal warrior cultures.
Security Defenses for Vulnerable Medical Sensor Network

Medical sensor networks have facilitated a wide range of applications in healthcare. However, these systems are in particular vulnerable to security attacks due to the fact that they are often not physically secured and are used in potentially hostile environments. We have proposed a theoretical and statistical framework for creating attacks and also the corresponding security defenses that include attack detection, diagnosis, and impact removal. We use medical shoes to collect data and demonstrate that low energy and low cost of medical sensor networks increase the probabilities of successful attacks. Our approach maps a semantic attack to an instance of an optimization problem where medical damage is maximized under the constraints of the probability of detection and root cause tracing which may consequence in incorrect medical diagnosis and treatment. Our results show that it is easy to attack several essential medical metrics and to alter corresponding medical diagnosis. Finally, we have developed several low energy and low overhead defense procedures for detecting and analyzing semantic security attacks.
An Enclosed System for Continuous Postoperative Mediastinal Aspiration

Blockage of mediastinal drainage tubes in the postoperative cardiac surgical patient can result in tamponade, and the small child, with a necessarily small drainage tube, is particularly susceptible to instability arising from accumulating blood in the mediastinum. A system for continuous evacuation of blood in drainage tubes is described that decreases the likelihood of blocked tubes and resultant tamponade.
Immunological unresponsiveness associated with erythropoiesis in genetic low responder mice

Abstract A single dose of adjuvant-free β- d -galactosidase from Escherichia coli does not elicit antibodies in C57B1/J mice which are genetic low responders to the enzyme, but generates memory in the spleen. Since erythropoiesis is also predominant in this organ in mice, notably following irradiation and cell transfusion, we investigated whether erythropoiesis induction interferes with priming-memory generation to the bacterial antigen in such cell-reconstituted mice. The results show that induction of erythropoiesis prior to but not after β- d -galactosidase administration abrogates priming-memory generation. Eradication of erythropoiesis restores immune reactivity. Understanding the mechanism of this new model system of immunosuppression should help elucidate some, as yet unclear, interactions between immune and hematopoietic cell differentiation pathways occuring at the same anatomical site.