cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative incidence of acute kidney injury in patients on vancomycin therapy in combination with cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem

Recent studies have shown that the incidence of nephrotoxicity increases when vancomycin is combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of acute...
Group Examination as an Equalizing Strategy During COVID-19 Pandemic

The challenges of teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic were multiple and accompanied by dramatic changes in the experiences of students, faculty, and administration. However, this year also offere...
Establishing Correlations Between Force Ductility and DSR Parameters of Asphalt Emulsion Residues

DSR based rheological tests of 5 non-polymer modified and 5 polymer modified asphalt emulsion residues were performed and its relationships with force ductility parameters (AASHTO T300) were investigated. Some results are presented in this paper. One of the observations from temperature sweep test is that as temperature increases, phase angle of an emulsion residue increases, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Polymer modified asphalt emulsions have comparatively lower phase angle than non-polymer modified asphalt emulsions and the maximum phase angle of all the polymer modified asphalt emulsion residues falls below 81° whereas the maximum phase angle of all the non-polymer modified emulsion falls above 87°. MSCR at 58 °C, 70 °C and equal stiffness (2.2 kPa) temperature clearly demonstrates that percent recovery of polymer modified residues are significantly higher than non-polymer modified emulsion residues. In case of 58 °C and 0.1 kPa creep stress, maximum average percent recovery is 7.7 for non-polymer modified asphalt emulsions while the minimum average percent recovery is 29.7 for polymer modified emulsions. Three force ductility parameters namely, f2 (force at 30 cm), f2/f1 and force at 35 cm were correlated with two DSR-based parameters, phase angle and percent recovery at different temperatures. Based on the analyses of linear coefficient of determination values, it is recommended that phase angle and percent recovery of MSCR be used for polymer identification and to replace force ductility requirements (AASHTO T300) for asphalt emulsions. At 58°C, a maximum phase angle of 81° and a minimum MSCR percent recovery of 30 (at 0.1 kPa creep stress) are recommended.
Doubtful Illusions: Magic, Wonder and the Politics of Virtue in the Sathya Sai Movement

This article examines the embattled intersection of magic and rationality in the transnational Sathya Sai movement and positions the magical materializations of the charismatic “godman” Sathya Sai ...
Policy-Aware Connectionless Routing

The current Internet implements hop-by-hop packet forwarding based entirely on globally-unique identifiers specified in packet headers, and routing tables that identify destinations with globally unique identifiers and specify the next hops to such destinations. This model is very robust; however, it supports only a single forwarding class per destination. As a result, the Internet must rely on mechanisms working “on top” of IP to support quality-of-service (QoS) or traffic engineering (TE). We present the first policy-based connectionless routing architecture and algorithms to support QoS and TE as part of the basic network-level service of the Internet. We show that policy-aware connectionless routing can be accomplished with roughly the same computational efficiency of the traditional single-path shortest-path routing approach.
BioTagger-GM: A Gene/Protein Name Recognition System

Objectives: Biomedical named entity recognition (BNER) is a critical component in automated systems that mine biomedical knowledge in free text. Among different types of entities in the domain, gene/protein would be the most studied one for BNER. Our goal is to develop a gene/protein name recognition system BioTagger-GM that exploits rich information in terminology sources using powerful machine learning frameworks and system combination. Design: BioTagger-GM consists of four main components: (1) dictionary lookup— gene/protein names in BioThesaurus and biomedical terms in UMLS Metathesaurus are tagged in text, (2) machine learning—machine learning systems are trained using dictionary lookup results as one type of feature, (3) post-processing— heuristic rules are used to correct recognition errors, and (4) system combination—a voting scheme is used to combine recognition results from multiple systems. Measurements: The BioCreAtIvE II Gene Mention (GM) corpus was used to evaluate the proposed method. To test its general applicability, the method was also evaluated on the JNLPBA corpus modified for gene/protein name recognition. The performance of the systems was evaluated through cross-validation tests and measured using precision, recall, and F-Measure. Results: BioTagger-GM achieved an F-Measure of 0.8887 on the BioCreAtIvE II GM corpus, which is higher than that of the first-place system in the BioCreAtIvE II challenge. The applicability of the method was also confirmed on the modified JNLPBA corpus. Conclusion: The results suggest that terminology sources, powerful machine learning frameworks, and system combination can be integrated to build an effective BNER system.
Photoluminescent properties of semiconducting Tl6I4Se

The photoluminescence (PL) from the wide bandgap semiconductor Tl6I4Se, a promising candidate material for gamma ray detection, was studied at low temperature. The Tl6I4Se single crystal was grown by the Bridgman method. For undoped material, we observed a single broad peak at ~1.61 eV with a full width at half maximum of 112 meV at 20 K, which is attributed to donor–acceptor pair (DAP) recombination involving shallow donors and deep acceptors. From the thermal quenching of the integrated PL peak intensity, thermal activation energy of the donor level of 52 meV was obtained. At high excitation intensities a blue-shift of peak emission energy in DAP recombination was observed. From the PL measurements, the ionization energies of the donor and acceptor levels were estimated at 52 and 290 meV, respectively.
Behavioral Guidelines for Youth Sport Coaches

(1978). Behavioral Guidelines for Youth Sport Coaches. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 46-47.
A brief survey of self-organization in wireless sensor networks: Research Articles

Many natural and man-made systems exhibit self-organization, where interactions among components lead to system-wide patterns of behavior. This paper first introduces current, scientific understanding of self-organizing systems and then identifies the main models investigated by computer scientists seeking to apply self-organization to design large, distributed systems. Subsequently, the paper surveys research that uses models of self-organization in wireless sensor networks to provide a variety of functions: sharing processing and communication capacity; forming and maintaining structures; conserving power; synchronizing time; configuring software components; adapting behavior associated with routing, with disseminating and querying for information, and with allocating tasks; and providing resilience by repairing faults and resisting attacks. The paper closes with a summary of open issues that must be addressed before self-organization can be applied routinely during design and deployment of senor networks and other distributed, computer systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethics in the trenches: a multifaceted analysis of the stem cell debate.

The increasing understanding of stem cell biology has opened up the possibility of using cell transplantation to treat a large variety of diseases. The medical need to identify optimal therapies is being challenged, however, by some members of society who seek to impose on this scientific quest their views—generally associated with particular religious beliefs—of what constitutes allowable research. This conflict mirrors earlier battles, extending over 150 years, between those implementing inoculation and vaccination to protect against smallpox and those who felt this to be unethical for religious reasons. For the many individuals who might benefit from the potential of stem cell medicine, such prolonged debate is unacceptable.
Critical Compassionate Pedagogy and the Teacher's Role in First-Generation Student Success.

Informed by Rosenberg's (2003) concept of nonviolent communication, the author's pedagogical perspective encourages educators to criticize institutional and classroom practices that ideologically place underserved students at disadvantaged positions. At the same time, this perspective urges teachers to be self-reflective of their actions through compassion as a daily commitment. The author suggests that this pedagogical approach helps teachers better counter institutional barriers and oppressive pedagogical practices that inhibit first-generation college students' success.
Immunocytochemical localization of a follicle specific protein of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Abstract A follicle specific protein (FSP-I) from the hawkmoth Manduca sexia , has been localized in developing follicles by immuno-fluorcscence and immuno-gold labeling techniques. At the light microscopical level, the protein was demonstrated to be present in both the basolateral and apical parts of foilicular epithelial cells, as well as in clearly defined, spherical compartments in the cortex of the developing oocyte. Immuno-gold labeling at the electron microscopical level revealed the localization of FSP-I in cndoplasmic compartments of the foilicular epithelial cells, in the extracellular matrix of the follicle and in endocytic compartments of the oocyte. Our results indicate that M. sexta FSP-I is synthctizcd and secreted by the foilicular epithelial cells, after which it is taken up by the developing oocyte through endocytic routes.
Chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis: How bacteria monitor environmental signals

Virtually all organisms have means of monitoring their environment and making use of information gained to aid their survival. Many organisms, from bacteria to animals, move from place to place and can alter their movements. Chemotaxis is a signal transduction system found in motile bacteria that allows them to sense changes in the concentrations of various extracellular compounds and change their swimming behavior in a way that moves them toward more favorable environments. Chemotaxis is the most ancient sensory-motor process in nature. For years, studies of enteric bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, have served as the paradigm for understanding this process on a molecular level. Recent studies on the gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and other bacteria, suggest that a slightly more complex system may be ancestral to that of the more extensively studied enterics. Aspects of chemotaxis that are unique to B. subtilis include a more complex adaptation system, with protein-protein methyl group transfer, chemotaxis proteins having no counterparts in E. coli, and a very extensive repertoire of repellents that are sensed at very low concentrations by receptors.
Cosmogenic nuclide enhancement via deposition from long-period comets as a test of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis

Abstract We explore the idea that detectable excursions in 26 Al may arise from direct deposition by any bolide, and excursions in 14 C and 10 Be abundances in the atmosphere may result from long-period comet impacts. This is very different from the usual processes of production by cosmic rays within Earthʼs atmosphere. Long-period comets experience greatly increased cosmic ray flux beyond the protection of the sunʼs magnetic field. We report the computed amount of 14 C, 10 Be, and 26 Al present on long-period comets as a function of comet mass. We find that the amount of nuclide mass on large long-period comets entering the Earthʼs atmosphere may be sufficient for creating anomalies in the records of 14 C and 10 Be from past impacts. In particular, the estimated mass of the proposed Younger Dryas comet is consistent with its having deposited sufficient isotopes to account for recorded 14 C and 10 Be increases at that time. The 26 Al/ 10 Be ratio is much larger in extraterrestrial objects than in the atmosphere, and so, we note that measuring this ratio in ice cores is a suitable definitive test for the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, even if the hypothetical bolide is not a long-period comet and/or did not contribute to the 14 C and 10 Be increases.
Displacement thickness of the boundary layer with blowing

Displacement thickness for two-dimensional or axisymmetric compressible boundary layer with blowing
Osteolathyrogenic Effects of Malathion in Xenopus Embryos

Abstract Malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide, has been found previously to cause developmental defects such as enlargement of the atria and aorta and bent notochord in Xenopus laevis . Since these defects are similar to those caused by known lathyrogens, the effects of malathion on collagen biochemistry and structure were studied. Embryos were exposed to malathion or its metabolite malaoxon during the first 4 days of development. Notochords of malathion- and malaoxon-treated embryos were bent ventrally between the third and sixth somites and were enlarged. Ultrastructural examination of the postanal tail notochord showed that the elastic externa was disorganized and less dense and the sheath had fewer, more disorganized fibers. Embryos exposed in culture displayed a concentration-dependent reduction in ascorbate and hydroxyproline. Malathion and malaoxon inhibited the activities of lysyl oxidase (I 50 s of 0.7 and 8.7 nM, respectively) and proline hydroxylase (I 50 s of 58 μM and 49.9 nM, respectively) in homogenates of Xenopus embryos. These data suggest that malathion and malaoxon alter post-translational modification of collagen, with resultant morphological defects in connective tissue.
Parenting styles of abusive mothers in group-living rhesus macaques

Maternal abuse of offspring in group-living monkeys was investigated to assess whether abuse of infants can be interpreted as an adaptive reduction of parental expenditure or as a behavioural pathology. I compared the parenting styles of 10 abusive and 10 non-abusive rhesus macaque,Macaca mulatta, mothers living in three large captive groups over the first 12 weeks of infant life. I also analysed the social interactions between mothers and infants and other individuals. Abusive females scored higher than controls on several measures of maternal protectiveness and rejection, indicating that they were highly controlling mothers. They also received fewer contacts and approaches from other individuals, and tended to be more aggressive and more interested in other females' infants compared to non-abusive mothers. Infant abuse was accompanied by similar or higher parental expenditure in the offspring rather than by a reduction in expenditure, as predicted by the adaptive hypothesis. Therefore, the results of this study support the hypothesis that infant abuse is a form of behavioural pathology. Infant abuse in rhesus macaques shows parallels with that in other primate species, but some of its characteristics could be a by-product of species-specific behavioural adaptations of rhesus macaques.
A tale of two C2 domains.

Abstract Ca 2+ influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and release of neurotransmitters. A decade of intensive study of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin I has led to the general belief that this polypeptide functions as a Ca 2+ sensor in this process. Previous biochemical work on synaptotagmin I has centered on its two Ca 2+ -binding C 2 domains, designated C 2 A and C 2 B, which mediate the phospholipid- and effector-protein-binding interactions believed to be essential to its function. Recent tests of this hypothesis reveal that surprisingly, the C 2 A-mediated interactions are fully dispensable in vivo . However, at least some of the C 2 B-mediated interactions appear crucial to synaptotagmin I function.
Statistical Preparedness of Master's Degree-Prepared Nurses in the Workplace.

Abstract Knowledge of statistics is essential for nurses at all degree levels and is needed to read and understand published research, make evidence-based decisions, and critically evaluate research and evaluation findings. Data are needed to properly quantify statistical preparedness for nurse graduates and workplace demands for specific types of statistics knowledge. This work describes results of a pilot study of surveyed master's degree-prepared nurses. Findings revealed several gaps between statistics education and workplace demands.
Multimedia narration: Constructing possible worlds

Abstract First-year composition students often struggle with narration: They have trouble learning how authors choose sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches and then arrange them to make experiences concrete. Instead of writing vivid narratives about the rich fabric of their experience, students often write generalities that lack the power of the actual events. Can multimedia composition help students learn how authors sort memories to make narrations powerful? This article describes students' experiences in a f-y composition course when they were asked to digitize sound and graphics to add meaning to written texts—to make their narrations more powerful and concrete. It suggests an instructional method and poses questions to consider.
Covalent coating of coal refuse to inhibit leaching

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a severe environmental problem that results from the oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) and various other metal sulfides. AMD is often associated with abandoned mines which produce acidic run-off waters that are rich in heavy metals. AMD also occurs in the areas surrounding coal refuse piles that have accumulated from coal cleaning processes. In the present work, the use of the disodium salt of the ligand 1,3-benzenediamidoethanthiol (Na2BDET) is explored as a possible coating to prevent the dissolution of pyrite in coal. Unlike phosphate- and silica-based compounds, Na2BDET is believed to form covalent Fe–BDET linkages along the pyrite lattice. It was found that Fe leaching from BDET-coated coal is reduced by 99.3% when submerged in a pH 6.5 solution, by 97.5% when submerged in a pH 3.0 solution, and 66.4% when subjected to acidic and oxidative conditions. The ligand coating treatment also reduced the leaching of other heavy metals, such as Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn where a reduction of 88.3%, 64.7%, 70.5% and 89.5%, respectively, was observed in leaching after a 14-day simulated acid rain test. Additional leaching reductions were observed for metals such as Zn, Cu, Co, etc. at pH 6.5 and 3.0 when subjected to both oxidative and acidic conditions.
Mechanical properties of medical grade expanded polytetrafluoroethylene: the effects of internodal distance, density, and displacement rate.

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) is used successfully in a multitude of biomedical and clinical applications. The success of this biomaterial is due to its microporous structure that allows biointegration for fixation, as well as overall mechanical integrity. The mechanical properties and degree of tissue ingrowth depend on the microstructure of the expanded polymer foam, yet little is known about the correlation of the internodal distance and other microstructural features with the monotonic tensile properties. Complete structure–property correlation can be used to provide invaluable knowledge for the design of biomedical devices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the monotonic tensile properties of e-PTFE over a range of medically relevant microstructural features and manufacturing parameters. The microstructural and manufacturing parameters considered were internodal distance, linear density, volumetric density, and reduction ratio. Additionally, the effect of displacement rate on mechanical properties was studied. We found that the ultimate stress and strain increased linearly with linear density (R2 = 0.88 and 0.67, respectively). Surprisingly, elastic modulus did not correlate with any parameter measured and only weak correlations were found between all properties and internodal distance. The yield and ultimate stresses increased with increasing displacement rate (R2 = 0.88 and 0.57, respectively). The findings from this study indicate that linear density is a better predictor of mechanical properties than internodal distance and may be the preferred parameter to control when specifying a material for implantation in load bearing situations. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48: 187–192, 1999
Application of the Sign-Constrained Robust Least-Squares Method to Surveying Networks

AbstractThe least-squares (LS) method is highly susceptible to outlying observations. For this reason, various types of robust estimators have been developed; for example, M estimators. In this paper, it is proposed to use the sign-constrained robust LS (SRLS) method in surveying networks utilizing the shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA). The robustness of SRLS is directly implemented as constraints. Therefore, a penalty function approach is used to deal with the constraints. In addition, the performance of any stochastic optimization approach such as SFLA strongly depends on the search domain. Hence, a strategy to define the boundaries of the search domain has been developed for use in surveying networks. The results indicate that SRLS yields better results than the LS method even if there are more outliers among the observations.
Hardware image motion compensation for a scanning, space-borne sensor

Abstract It will be shown that, for scanning sensors in low orbit with few-degree FOVs, several-second observing times, and about 100 microradian resolution, hardware features (zoom optics, accurately orientable satellite, two-axis scan mirror) can reduce picture-to-picture misregistrations caused by platform motion to or below a few hundredths of a pixel per second. This gives the designer great flexibility in choosing between hardware and software features to produce data of the desired quality. The results best apply to a scanner, but can also be useful for starers, especially starers that are “dithered” to improve resolution.
Case-based conceptual design information server for concurrent engineering

Conceptual design requires processing information from diverse sources in order to define the functional requirements, operating constraints, and evaluation criteria pertinent to accomplishing a prescribed goal.Historically, the design process focused on the functionality of an artifact for the end customer. Concurrent engineering broadens this focus to account for the concerns of `customers' not previously considered --those along the entire life cycle of an artifact, i.e. marketing, design, manufacture, distribution, operation and disposal. Expanding the design focus to include all of these customers places far greater informationaldemands on the designer. Case-based reasoning applies experience stored in a computerized form to solving similar problems in slightly altered contexts. It has been applied successfully to routine design whereboth the form and the content of design information can be encoded symbolically and manipulated using artificial intelligence techniques. Concurrent conceptual design presents unique problems for such anapproach because design information must be considered at many levels of abstraction and from many viewpoints.We describe an approach that provides the designer with case-based conceptual design information stored in the richly expressive medium of hypermedia (hypertext incorporating multimedia). Design cases ofindustry `best practices' in concurrent engineering are indexed to provide access through multiple interfaces, allowing the user to browse, explore, or pinpoint design case information. The Conceptual DesignInformation Server (CDIS) is implemented using emerging internet standards, such as those associated with the World Wide Web (WWW) and Wide Area Information Service (WAIS), coupled to a robustStructured Query Language (SQL) database and traditional cad packages.
Erratum to: Concordance and Isotopy of Metrics with Positive Scalar Curvature

If (W, g) is a connected Riemannian manifold with a boundary (∂W, g) such that (a) Rg ≡ 0 on W , (b) ∫ ∂W hg dσg > 0, where g = g|∂W . Then the conformal manifold (W, [g]) cannot be of a zero conformal class. This statement is false. Indeed, in this case the first eigenvalue μ1 coincides with a minimum of the Rayleigh quotient ∫ W an|∇gf |2 dσg + 2(n− 1) ∫ ∂W hgf 2 dσg ∫ ∂W f 2 dσg , f ≡ 0. (1)
The hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter

Background This study defines the entity of the hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (HLES) and its treatment, including surgical implications. Methods Esophageal manometry was performed on 1,300 patients. Of these, 53 (4%) had HLES with resting pressure >26.5 mm Hg, defined as the upper limit of normal resting LES pressure. Thirty-two of these patients had 24-hour esophageal pH studies. The response to treatment was assessed. Results Fourteen patients (26%) with HLES had achalasia. Of the remaining 39 (74%), 25 had an isolated HLES with normal esophageal body motility, 5 had a nonspecific esophageal motiliry disorders (NEMD), 4 were post-Nissen fundoplication, 3 had a nutcracker esophagus, and 2 had diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). Nineteen percent of HLES patients had gastroesophageal reflux on pH studies. Eighty-two percent of HLES patients responded well to symptom-directed medical therapy. Two patients with esophageal body dysmotility responded well to an esophageal myotomy with a partial fundoplication. Conclusions Patients with the HLES form a heterogeneous group. Gastroesophageal reflux in HLES patients is not uncommon. Patients with HLES respond well to medical therapy. Carefully selected patients require surgery.
Effect of internal diffusion in heterogeneous enzyme systems: evaluation of true kinetic parameters and substrate diffusivity.

Abstract The effect of internal diffusion on the overall reaction rate in spherical particles and membranes containing immobilized enzymes has been investigated theoretically. Since they represent open systems, the MichaelisMenten kinetics is obeyed in the absence of diffusional effects at steady state even at high enzyme concentrations. When internal diffusion perturbs the reaction, the system can not be described any more by KM and Vmax‴ alone, but is conveniently characterized by the modulus. Assuming that only internal diffusion interferes with the enzyme reaction, the effect of the modulus on the overall rate of reaction is illustrated by the results of computer calculations. Plots of the overall reaction rate against the substrate concentration are hyperbolas at various moduli for both membranes and spherical particles and no sigmoidal curves are obtained with immobilized enzyme systems. Since the conventional plots of enzyme kinetics do not yield straight lines under such conditions, a graphical method is proposed to determine KM and Vmax‴ as well as the substrate diffusivity in the enzymic medium.
Liquid chromatographic behavior of ascorbate on amine columns

Quantitation of ascorbate at concentrations normally found in biological samples and foods has previously been shown to be possible by HPLC analysis. Prefilled amine columns from three manufacturers were presently used to evaluate their potential for separating low concentrations of [14C]ascorbic acid from its degradation products, [14C]dehydroascorbic acid and [14C]diketogulonic acid. A successful separation was achieved on some columns with as little as 200 cpm (30 pmol) of total ascorbate injected. On other columns, injection of 30-500 pmol of ascorbate resulted in as much as 80% of [14C]ascorbic acid eluting with an unpredictable retention time. In these instances the inclusion of nonlabeled ascorbic acid (0.5 mg/ml) to the sample resulted in most of the [14C]ascorbic acid activity eluting at the expected retention time of ascorbic acid. The inclusion of ascorbic acid in samples injected onto the column also resulted in a more discrete peak in the elution of dehydroascorbic acid, and more complete recovery of the total [14C]activity (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and diketogulonic acid) injected onto the column.
Designing a browser to support multimethods and method combination

This paper describes some of the design considerations in developing a tool for maintaining generic functions in the proposed Common Lisp Object-Oriented System (CLOS). It is argued that tools based on class lattices provide insufficient support for programming in a language that utilizes multimethods and method combination. A new type of browser, known as a Generic Function Browser (GFB), was designed to handle the more complicated style of procedure definition offered in CLOS. Some simple example of the use of this tool are provided, along with a discussion of the philosophy underlying its design.
Investigation of three-dimensional flow field in a turbine including rotor/stator interaction. II - Three-dimensional flow field at the exit of the nozzle

The nozzle exit flowfield was measured at two axial locations with a miniature five-hole probe. Measurements were taken from hub-to-tip, blade-to-blade at 21 radial locations and at two axial locations downstream of the nozzle trailing edge to resolve the flowfield accurately including the nozzle wake, secondary flow region, horseshoe vortex and losses. All three components of the velocity, stagnation pressure, static pressure, and pitch and yaw angles have been resolved very accurately. The wake data seems to indicate that the decay of the wake is faster than the wake of an isolated nozzle row. The cause of this is attributed to the presence of the rotor downstream. A distinct vortex core has been observed near the tip. The indications are that the horseshoe vortex and the passage vortex have merged to produce a single loss core region. Roughly a third of the blade height passage near the tip and a third of the blade height near the hub is dominated by secondary flow, passage vortex and the horseshoe vortex phenomena. Only the middle third of the nozzle behaves as per design. These and other data are presented, interpreted and synthesized to understand the nozzle flowfield.
Bruises in Children: Normal or Child Abuse?

Bruises in active children are common and often are considered "normal" childhood injuries. However, bruises also may be the result of physical abuse or other conditions. The evaluation of a child with bruising should include a thorough history and physical examination to determine the cause. When abuse is suspected, prompt reporting is necessary to protect the child from further injury. This article provides information intended to assist nurse practitioners and other pediatric health care providers in their decision making when assessing a child with bruises.
Effects of Logo and CAI Environments on Cognition and Creativity

Although claims concerning the cognitive benefits of computer programming have been made, research results are conflicting. This study assessed the effects of learning computer programming and computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on specific cognitive skills (classification and seriation operations), metacognitive skills, creativity, and achievement (reading, mathematics, and ability to describe directions). Seventy-two 6- and 8-year-old children were pretested to assess pretreatment level of operational competence (classification and seriation), creativity, and achievement. The children were then randomly assigned to one of three 22-week treatment conditions — computer programming in Logo, CAT, or control. Posttesting revealed that the programming group scored significantly higher on measures of operational competence, two of three measures of metacognitive skills, and a measure of creativity and on describing directions. No differences were found on measures of reading and mathematics achievement. Although proponents have made strong claims regarding the positive effects of computer programming on young children's cognition, research results are conflicting. Even when results are positive, effects on variables such as achievement tend to be small. There is some empirical and theoretical support, however, for the hypothesis that programming can facilitate the development of specific cognitive and metacognitive skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of computer programming on the cognitive skills (classification and seriation operations), metacognitive skills, creativity, and achievement of 6- and 8-year-old children.
The relationship between psychopathology, eating disorder diagnosis, and clinical outcome at 10-year follow-up in anorexia nervosa

General psychopathology as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), eating disorder diagnostic status (DSM-III-R), and clinical outcome were compared in a sample of 59 women 10 years after their hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa. There was a substantial and orderly relationship between severity of eating disorder symptomatology and severity of comorbid general psychopathology at follow-up evaluation. Those who had no eating disorder at follow-up displayed essentially no general psychopathology on the MMPI. Persons still suffering from a severe eating disorder (anorexia or bulimia nervosa) showed clinically significant levels of comorbid general psychopathology, and had significantly higher mean scores than the no eating disorder diagnosis group on seven MMPI clinical scales. Little general psychopathology was displayed by persons receiving a NOS eating disorder diagnosis at follow-up. Their mean MMPI profile was intermediate between those for the no diagnosis and severe eating disorder groups, but closer to that for the no diagnosis group. Rank order correlations were significant between levels of eating disorder symptom severity and all relevant MMPI clinical scales. Severity of psychopathology on the MMPI was also related to ratings of global outcome assessed by two approaches to categorizing outcome in anorexia nervosa.
Ideas for a philosophy of nature as introduction to the study of this science

(1990). Ideas for a philosophy of nature as introduction to the study of this science. History of European Ideas: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 566-568.
Corrigendum to “Management of cervical thoracic duct cyst with cyst-venous anastomosis” [Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. (2014) 1028–1038]

The authors regret that the middle initial of the second author, Dustin L. Eck was missed from their original article. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Discrepancies between Composite Quotients on the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude

A portion of the standardization data for the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude (DTLA-2) was analyzed to investigate various psychometric properties of the discrepancies between composite quotients. Information is provided on the reliabilities of the discrepancies, the discrepancies required for significance, the discrepancies obtained by various percentages of the standardization sample, and the intercorrelations of the discrepancies. The reliabilities of the discrepancies were found to be quite high (.86 to .88), and their intercorrelations acceptably low (- .62 to .49). These findings testify to the psychometric respectability of the discrepancies, but their clinical utility is as yet untested.
Cardiac Glycosides of Euonymus Atropurpurea Jacq. II.*: A study of the structure of euatroside and euatromonoside

Glycoside c-1 obtained in a previous investigation from Euonymus atropurpurea (1) has been subjected to structural studies. By enzymatic hydrolysis, the glycoside, which was subsequently designated as euatroside, was shown to be a β-glucoside of euatromonoside, a secondary glycoside. The sugar portion of euatromonoside is arabinose. Chromatographic evidence revealed that euatroside contained only two sugars, namely one molecule of arabinose, and one of glucose. Chromatograms of the genins of euatroside and euatromonoside furnished evidence that the aglycon portion is digitoxigenin. From the data obtained the structures of digitoxigenin arabinosido-β-glucoside and digitoxigenin arabinoside are proposed for euatroside and euatromonoside, respectively.
Development of 3D Finite Element Model of Human Elbow to Study Elbow Dislocation and Instability

The mechanics of elbow dislocation and its stages of dislocation are complex and not well understood. Reconstructing a fall where someone lands on their hand is one of the most challenging problem in biomechanics. Current models which attempt to reconstruct falls usually focus on experimental kinematical conditions that cause the fall coupled with inverse dynamics to determine the joint and muscles forces [1,2] to provide on insight into the joint instability. Our hypothesis based on our experimental investigation is that the mechanism of posterior elbow dislocation is initiated at radial head where the ulna and coronoid fracture followed by anterior tearing of the joint capsule, lateral collateral ligament will then rupture followed by posterior medial collateral ligament rupture and then the medial collateral ligament peeling off the ulna. In this study we developed a quasi-static three-dimensional finite element of human elbow joint, and conducted several cadaveric studies to study elbow dislocation. The FE model is used to investigate how the ligaments, cartilages behave under different flexion, extension of the elbow. Dislocation is investigated as function of different loads and moments applied to the radius-ulna with arm being flexed and configured into a supination or pronation.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Pregnancy Ecologies As Teachable Moments For The Lifecourse: Changing The mHealth Design Paradigm

I investigate the potential for mobile health communication and social collaboration technologies (mHealth) to have a positive impact on pregnancy for lower-income American women. Recognizing that pregnancy is more than medical health, I set out to understand what pregnancy is for this population and how the embodied experience of pregnancy impacts women's lives. I have initiated a mixed methods study, which uses focus groups, interviews, information landscape analysis and social media discourse analysis. From the preliminary focus group and interview data, I have created a structuring health concept that I call the pregnancy ecology, accounting for the multi-faceted experience of pregnancy as a transformational event. The future work will incorporate all of the data into a holistic health ecology concept for pregnancy. Using this concept, I intend to design and build a mHealth app that treats pregnancy as a teachable moment for health, wellness and social support throughout the lifecourse.
Ferromagnetism in Sr 4 Ru 3 O 10 : Relationship to other layered metallic oxides

Single crystals of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{10},$ the $n=3$ member of the Ruddlesden-Popper series ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{n+1}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{3n+1},$ have been found to be ferromagnetic for $Tl{T}_{C}=148$ K. Measurements of the magnetization for $2lTl350$ K, and in fields $H$ to 30 T, electrical resistivity for $2lTl300$ K and $0lHl12$ T, and heat capacity for $2lTl20$ K reveal that the magnetic, transport, and thermal properties are consistent with those of $n$=1, 2, and \ensuremath{\infty} members of the series. Low-field $(H=0.01$ T) magnetization shows a sharp ferromagnetic transition at ${T}_{C},$ and isothermal magnetization for $T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}_{C}$ reveals some hysteresis, but magnetic saturation occurs only for $Hg16$ T. The easy axis for magnetization lies in the $\mathrm{ab}$ plane. The saturation value, $1.75{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{Ru}$ is consistent with that expected for the low-spin state for the Ru ${4d}^{4}$ configuration. The resistivity shows a Fisher-Langer-type anomaly at ${T}_{C}$ that is suppressed for fields of a few T. The heat capacity measures a large electronic component, \ensuremath{\gamma}=110 ${\mathrm{m}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{}\mathrm{K}}^{2},$ suggesting a highly correlated $d$ band, but similar to the $n$=1, 2, and \ensuremath{\infty} members of the series when normalized to the number of Ru-O layers in the repeated structure. The data are discussed in terms of the other members of the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{n+1}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{3n+1}$ series and of analogous properties for the Ca-based counterpart materials.
Effects of Inoculation and Wilting on the Preservation and Utilization of Wheat Forage

Wheat forage was harvested at an early head stage of maturity and ensiled in 12 900-kg experimental silos at three percentages of DM (20.8% for direct-cut forage and 27.9 or 39.3% for wilted forage) either with or without application of a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. The objective was to test the efficacy of the inoculant to alter silage fermentation, preservation, and nutritive value of wheat forage ensiled at different moisture percentages because of wilting. Wilting enhanced DM preservation and decreased fermentation end products. Inoculation made the fermentation more homolactic but did not enhance DM preservation. Silage rations (80% DM as silage) were fed at 1.8% of BW/d to six ruminally and abomasally fistulated steers (350 kg) in an experiment with a Latin-square design and a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Digestive responses to silage diets were not influenced by inoculation. Intake was depressed with direct-cut silage rations. Wilting improved fiber digestibility and was associated with changes in ruminal contents and fermentation end products. Wilting appears to be more effective than inoculation as a postharvest management tool to improve small grain silage.
Rare-earth-doped LiNbO3?and KTiOPO4?(KTP) for waveguide quantum memories

Optical waveguides in rare-earth-doped crystals are one of the most promising systems for practical implementations of quantum memory. To further develop these systems, detailed understanding of these materials is required. We report experimental studies of the optical properties and decoherence for Tm3+:LiNbO3, Pr3+:LiNbO3, Er3+:LiNbO3 and Er3+:KTiOPO4 (KTP) bulk crystals for quantum memory applications and discuss potential differences between the properties of the bulk single crystals and optical waveguides. These systems include the rare-earth ions most commonly exploited in quantum memory studies incorporated into two of the most technologically significant waveguide host materials. Photon echo methods were used to study decoherence as a function of temperature, applied magnetic field strength, dopant concentration and excitation wavelength. Decoherence mechanisms were investigated and modelled to interpret the observed behaviour. Spectral hole burning was used to characterize Stark and Zeeman effects. Bulk crystal properties were compared and contrasted to the properties of doped waveguides.
Valuing visitors' economic benefits of public beach access points

Abstract An increase in the population of coastal counties and popularity of coastal beaches as tourism destinations create difficulties for management agencies responsible for providing public beach access. The objective of this paper is to determine non-resident visitors to South Carolina beaches economic value for public beach access. Visitors are willing to pay an extra $6.60 per day for additional beach access points and parking or an aggregate of $93 million. Visitors' economic value of public beach access allows decision-makers the ability to better compare management policies in their efforts to provide sufficient public beach access through a target effective strategy.
Neuromythology of Einstein's brain.

Abstract The idea that the brain of the great physicist Albert Einstein is different from “average” brains in both cellular structure and external shape is widespread. This belief is based on several studies examining Einstein’s brain both histologically and morphologically. This paper reviews these studies and finds them wanting. Their results do not, in fact, provide support for the claim that the structure of Einstein’s brain reflects his intellectual abilities.
Model for implementation of IEC61131-3 standard in flexible manufacturing system

This paper described a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) program model and its implementation, based on the IEC 61131-3 Standard. The Model was built using the State Machine Theory and Petri nets, the transformation into IEC 61131-3 Programming language was made in the application part using a FMS (Flexible Manufacturing system) as a case of study, which has six work stations controlled by six different PLC's. For the Model implementation, Rockwell Automation software was used, making functionality test on each work station whit the aid of a SCADA system.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTEROLATERAL PERI-INFARCTION BLOCK IN SURGERY FOR AORTIC REGURGITATION.

Abstract Eighty-four patients underwent open heart surgery with ball-valve (Starr-Edwards or Magovern) replacement for pure or predominant aortic regurgitation. Of the 58 having normal axis deviation, 40 survived; all 5 having left axis deviation alone survived; of the 20 having marked left axis deviation plus anterolateral peri-infarction block, 1 survived; neither of the two having marked right axis deviation survived. No difference between patients with normal axis or left axis deviation with or without peri-infarction block was found by gross pathologic or histologic study, review of physiologic data, review of degree of coronary atherosclerosis, degree of left ventricular fibrosis, or other parameters of investigation. Five patients with aortic regurgitation had abnormal glucose tolerance tests; 3 of these had left axis deviation. It is suggested that anterolateral peri-infarction block accompanying aortic regurgitation indicates an abnormality of the myocardium which may be expressed as failure to defibrillate, poor myocardial contraction and increased irritability. Because of the absence of infarction or histologic evidence of specific abnormality, the term, anterolateral myopathic block might be more appropriate than anterolateral peri-infarction block in the individual with aortic regurgitation. The presence of this electrocardiographic abnormality in a patient with aortic regurgitation indicates an increased risk of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic valve replacement.
Electrochemical experiments in cold nuclear fusion

Recently, two scientific papers have reported positive detection of nuclear radiation from similar electrochemical cells operating with deuterated water. We have experimented with similar electrolytic cells and have looked for energetic charged particles which are characteristic of nuclear fusion reactions. We report on six variations of the cell, with an upper limit of 0.005 detected particles/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ sec. Within background statistics, we observe no nuclear fusions.
Galilean invariance in Fourier optics

The invariance of amplitude distribution due to a converging wave front under Galilean transformation is found to lead to shift invariance of amplitude distribution. It is also established that an aberration-free off-axis converging spherical wave satisfies the Fokker-Planck equation, which reduces to the Bloch equation in the image plane. The effect of a small defocus is to reproduce periodically the image-plane amplitude distribution. Finally, the amplitude distribution and the ambiguity function of the amplitude distribution are the same in the image plane.