cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The HARP domain dictates the annealing helicase activity of HARP/SMARCAL1

Mutations in HepA-related protein (HARP, or SMARCAL1) cause Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD). HARP has ATP-dependent annealing helicase activity, which helps to stabilize stalled replication forks and facilitate DNA repair during replication. Here, we show that the conserved tandem HARP (2HP) domain dictates this annealing helicase activity. Furthermore, chimeric proteins generated by fusing the 2HP domain of HARP with the SNF2 domain of BRG1 or HELLS show annealing helicase activity in vitro and, when targeted to replication forks, mimic the functions of HARP in vivo. We propose that the HARP domain endows HARP with this ATP-driven annealing helicase activity.
Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering : LAME.

Constitutive modeling is an important aspect of computational solid mechanics. Sandia National Laboratories has always had a considerable effort in the development of constitutive models for complex material behavior. However, for this development to be of use the models need to be implemented in our solid mechanics application codes. In support of this important role, the Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAME) has been developed in Engineering Sciences. The library allows for simple implementation of constitutive models by model developers and access to these models by application codes. The library is written in C++ and has a very simple object oriented programming structure. This report summarizes the current status of LAME.
Conversion of isopropanol and mixed alcohols to hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 Catalyst in the MixAlco™ process

HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3=280 mol/mol) is used to produce hydrocarbons from reagent-grade isopropanol and mixed alcohols made from lignocellulosic biomass (waste office paper and chicken manure) using the MixAlco™ process. All studies were performed at 101 kPa (abs). The experiments were conducted in two sets: (1) vary temperature (300–Tmax°C) at weight hourly space velocity (WHSV)=1.31 h–1, and (2) vary WHSV (0.5–11.5 h–1) at T=370°C. For isopropanol, Tmax=450°C and for mixed alcohols Tmax=520°C. For isopropanol, higher temperatures produced more gaseous products and more aromatics. High WHSV gives high concentration of C6+ olefins, whereas low WHSV gives high concentrations of C9 aromatics. For mixed alcohols, changes in temperature affected the product distribution similar to isopropanol. In contrast, WHSV did not affect the concentration of reaction products; only dehydration products were observed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2549–2557, 2013
Deep Cryogenic Low Power 24 Bits Analog to Digital Converter with Active Reverse Cryostat

Abstract LBNL is developing an innovative data acquisition module for superconductive magnets where the front-end electronics and digitizer resides inside the cryostat. This electronic package allows conventional electronic technologies such as enhanced metal–oxide–semiconductor to work inside cryostats at temperatures as low as 4.2 K. This is achieved by careful management of heat inside the module that keeps the electronic envelop at approximately 85 K. This approach avoids all the difficulties that arise from changes in carrier mobility that occur in semiconductors at deep cryogenic temperatures. There are several advantages in utilizing this system. A significant reduction in electrical noise from signals captured inside the cryostat occurs due to the low temperature that the electronics is immersed in, reducing the thermal noise. The shorter distance that signals are transmitted before digitalization reduces pickup and cross-talk between channels. This improved performance in signal-to-noise rate by itself is a significant advantage. Another important advantage is the simplification of the feedthrough interface on the cryostat head. Data coming out of the cryostat is digital and serial, dramatically reducing the number of lines going through the cryostat feedthrough interface. It is important to notice that all lines coming out of the cryostat are digital and low voltage, reducing the possibility of electric breakdown inside the cryostat. This paper will explain in details the architecture and inner workings of this data acquisition system. It will also provide the performance of the analog to digital converter when the system is immersed in liquid helium, and in liquid nitrogen. Parameters such as power dissipation, integral non-linearity, effective number of bits, signal-to-noise and distortion, will be presented for both temperatures.
Indirect Funding and the Establishment Clause: Rehnquist's Triumphant Vision of Neutrality and Private Choice

In a series of majority opinions over the course of his career on the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Rehnquist has successfully championed a relaxed approach to the Establishment Clause in the context of voucher programs and other types of indirect funding. Under this approach, neutral programs of private choice are virtually immune from constitutional challenge. This paper explains how Rehnquist has achieved this result even though a solid majority of the Court rejects his general approach to the Establishment Clause.Rehnquist's general approach to the Establishment Clause would give the states broad leeway to deal with religion as they see fit. That view has not prevailed. But Rehnquist has secured the support of a narrow majority for a relaxed and deferential approach in the context of indirect funding. He has done so by crafting opinions that bracket his distinctive general approach to the Establishment Clause and that work within the framework of prevailing Establishment Clause tests and values. Through his success in this context, Rehnquist has partially achieved his broader goal, a limited reading of the Establishment Clause. At the same time, he also has furthered his overarching constitutional vision: reading the Bill of Rights narrowly and thereby enhancing the power and discretion of the states.This paper will be published as a chapter in The Rehnquist Legacy, a book recounting and analyzing Rehnquist's jurisprudence in a variety of substantive areas.
Promoting Higher Education

ABSTRACT Bibliographic instruction (BI) for high school students by college librarians is a viable form of collaboration between educators at the secondary and college levels. Several different goals for such instruction have been advanced, and a BI session can involve several of these goals simultaneously. The goal of promoting higher education during a BI session for visiting high school students involves discussing the specific resources demonstrated as examples of resources found in a college library and making the tacit assumption that all of the students will eventually pursue higher education. This article reviews the goals of instruction as presented in the literature and suggests that the promotion of higher education is a viable and valuable goal.
Rheologic evolution of low-grade metasedimentary rocks and granite across a large strike-slip fault zone: A case study of the Kellyland fault zone, Maine, USA

Abstract We examine a large strike-slip fault zone that juxtaposes low-grade clastic metasedimentary rocks with coarse-grained granite near the brittle-ductile transition. The load-bearing matrixes in granite-derived ultramylonites and pelite and wacke metasedimentary intervals are texturally similar, and all deformed by diffusion-assisted granular flow. Granite underwent rapid strengthening as the pluton cooled followed by rapid weakening driven by brittle grain-size reduction and mixing that catalyzed ultramylonite formation. The textural and mineralogical similarity of pelitic intervals across the zone indicates they experienced little textural and reaction weakening. Wacke intervals record progressive textural and reaction weakening in an open system. Quartz recrystallized grain sizes in granite-derived ultramylonites record ∼2-times more differential stress than those in metasedimentary rocks in the interior of the zone. The relative weakness of metasedimentary rocks is correlated with fluid influx that likely enhanced diffusion and grain-boundary sliding in pelitic and wacke intervals and catalyzed textural and reaction weakening in wacke intervals. The lack of evidence for fluid and ionic communication with granitic rocks indicates that fluid movement was restricted to foliation-parallel pathways within single rock units. This localized fluid influx is the best explanation for the strength contrasts between texturally similar fault rocks deformed by similar mechanisms.
Applying 3D printing and genetic algorithm-generated anticipatory system dynamics models to a homeland security challenge

In this paper we apply 3D printing and genetic algorithm-generated anticipatory system dynamics models to a homeland security challenge, namely understanding the interface between transnational organized criminal networks and local gangs. We apply 3D printing to visualize the complex criminal networks involved. This allows better communication of the network structures and clearer understanding of possible interventions. We are applying genetic programming to automatically generate anticipatory system dynamics models. This will allow both the structure and the parameters of system dynamics models to evolve. This paper reports the status of work in progress. This paper builds on previous work that introduced the use of genetic programs to automatically generate system dynamics models. This paper's contributions are that it introduces the use of 3D printing techniques to visualize complex networks and that it presents in more detail our emerging approach to automatically generating anticipatory system dynamics in weakly constrained, data-sparse domains.
Search for Double Gamma Emission from the First Excited States of Ca 40 and Zr 90

A search for double $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ emission from the first excited ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ states in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$ and ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{90}$ has been carried out using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer and a sum-coincidence technique. No definite evidence for double $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ emission is found in either case. In the 3.35-MeV, ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$-to-ground-state transition in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, an upper limit of 4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ has been established for the branching ratio of double $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ emission with respect to internal pair emission. For the 1.75-MeV ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$-to-ground-state transition in ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{90}$, an upper limit of 1.8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ has been obtained for the branching ratio of double $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ emission with respect to the sum of internal-conversion electrons and internal pairs. The significance of these results in the light of existing theories is discussed.
Inheritance of CYP6D1-mediated pyrethroid resistance in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae).

The inheritance of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated (i.e., CYP6D1) resistance in the LPR strain of house fly, Musca domestica L., was investigated by comparing levels of monooxygenase-mediated permethrin resistance and CYP6D1 messenger RNA in 7 populations of house flies. Results indicate that monooxygenase-mediated resistance, and overexpression of CYP6D1, in the LPR strain are controlled by an incompletely recessive trans acting factor(s) on autosome 2 and a nearly completely dominant cis acting factor(s) on autosome 1. The polygenic nature of CYP6D1-mediated resistance and the relative dominance of the resistance factor(s) on autosome 1 suggests this type of resistance could develop relatively quickly.
The physics of spin-1/2 K-mesons

A recently proposed model of elementary particles in which the K-meson has spin 1/2 and decays, without conserving angular momentum, to states havingJ=0 andJ=1 is compared with a certain number of empirical facts. We discuss the definition of short- and long-lived K0’s and show that the spontaneous decay KL→ππ can take place without violatingCP-invariance. The φ-mesons are shown not to decay to K10K10 as a consequence ofC-invariance, as in the usual scheme, in agreement with experiments. For the same reason \( \bar pp \) annihilations at rest into K10K10 from the3S1 state are forbidden. We discuss the decay of several resonances which can go either to\(\bar {\rm K}{\rm K}\) or to Kπ and show, in particular, that the K*(890) must be attributedJ=3/2. A long-standing problem of interpretation of X-ray emission from K-mesic atoms is resolved in our model. The 1690 MeV maximum in the cross-section for the process π−p→K0Λ can be attributed to aP-wave final state while in the traditional scheme one has to attribute it, rather unnaturally, toD andF waves. We discuss the decays of the K-meson. We show, in particular, that K0L →l+l− isCP-forbidden to the lowest order and that the present upper limits for the decays K+ → π+γ, π+l+l− are just above the expected rates.
Activities of duodenal brush border peptidase in children

Objective To determine the relationships between duodenal mucosal villous morphology and activities of brush border aminopeptidase N (APN), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPPIV), aminopeptidase A (APA) and Gyl-Leu dipeptidase in children in Guangzhou; To compare the activities of brush border APN, DPPIV, APA and Gyl-Leu dipeptidase in children with different gender and ages in Guangzhou. Methods The distal duodenum mucosal specimens were obtained by the endoscopy in 264 pediatric patients in Children's Hospital from March to October in 2007. The histological examination and determination of brush border peptidase activity were performed. Results APN, DPPIV activities of villous atrophy were decreased compared with childern with normal villus. The DPPIV activity was negatively correlated with age. No significant differences in activites of APN, APA and Gyl-Leu dipeptidase were observed at different ages. The brush border peptidases activities were not different between boys and girls. Conclusions The brush border APN and DPPIV and Gyl-Leu dipeptidase activities were related to villous morphological changes. The DPPIV activity decreased with age.
Research Process for Long-term Results of Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot

Compared with advanced heart centers,early mortality rate of radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) has been within the control of about 1%～2%,but long-term result is still in need of observation.It is reported that the complications of right ventricular dysfunction and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias become more and serious with the increase of follow-up time.Reports concerning about arrhythmia sudden death which mainly deals with the vital pathophysiologic change of pulmonary regurgitation can often be seen.Serious pulmonary regurgitation needs to be solved by pulmonary valve replacement,however,materials and ways are still explorated actively.This paper summarized the research process of long-term mortality rate and reasons of TOF patients,long-term complications,vital pathophysiologic change,material exploration and valve replacement of it.
Principle, Construction and Application of Some Types of Combustors Featured by Stable Combustion at Low Load

The paper describes the construction of a few types of combustors, with stable combustion at low load, popularly used in Jiangsu Province's power plant boilers, analyses the princple of their stable combustion property, accompanied by a concise presentation of advantages and shortcommings in factual application.
Genomic events in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence.

Abstract Owing to its high incidence and anatomical accessibility, colorectal cancer has become the most extensively studied human neoplasm with respect to molecular pathogenesis. Many of the genomic alterations that occur when a normal colonic epithelial cell gradually is transformed into a malignant cell have been well characterized. An understanding of the molecular basis of colorectal cancer will lead to better cancer control through novel and scientifically based cancer risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. It is imperative that clinicians possess a basic understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer so that they are poised to embrace new, molecularly based, preventive and treatment measures. This task is formidable given the rapidly expanding body of scientific knowledge on the genomics of colorectal cancer.
Graviton Mass Bounds

Recently, aLIGO announced the first direct detections of gravitational waves, a direct manifestation of the propagating degrees of freedom of gravity. The detected signals GW150914 and GW151226 have been used to examine the basic properties of these gravitational degrees of freedom, particularly setting an upper bound on their mass. It is timely to review what the mass of these gravitational degrees of freedom means from the theoretical point of view, particularly taking into account the recent developments in constructing consistent massive gravity theories. Apart from the GW150914 mass bound, a few other observational bounds have been established from the effects of the Yukawa potential, modified dispersion relation, and fifth force that are all induced when the fundamental gravitational degrees of freedom are massive. These different mass bounds are reviewed, how they stand in the wake of recent theoretical developments and how they compare to the bound from GW150914 are examined.
Ireland, Distress and Social Instability: Sadler Endeavours to Direct the Government ‘to a Better Policy’

Sadler announced at the end of the first parliamentary session for 1830 that he intended to bring in a ‘bill to improve the condition of the Poor of the British Empire’. He did not, however, deliver the motion of which he had given notice. Instead, he moved for a resolution that would commit the House to accepting in principle the expediency and necessity of establishing a system of Poor Laws in Ireland. This was proposed ‘as a preliminary to a general measure for bettering the condition of the labouring classes of the kingdom’. Lord Francis Leveson Gower, Wilmot Horton and Thomas Spring Rice all accused Sadler of misleading parliament.1 In opting for a general resolution, Sadler had taken his lead from Villiers Stuart. When Stuart had raised the question of Poor Laws for Ireland in May of the previous year it had likewise been too late in the session for a protracted debate on the issue. He had, therefore, proposed a resolution that would have committed the House to a consideration of it in the next session. On that occasion Gower, together with Robert Peel and William Huskisson, objected to any resolution that ‘pledged the House to a distinct line of conduct for a future session’.2 Sadler’s resolution, a slightly amended version of Stuart’s, was obviously open to the same criticism.3 ‘Instead of a practical detailed measure’, complained Gower, he ‘had come forward with a mere resolution, for which he could not expect to receive the support of the House.’ As a committee on the state of the poor in Ireland was already in session it would be inappropriate, moreover, for the House to adopt any resolution that might pre-empt that committee’s findings. The committee to which Gower referred had been initiated by Spring Rice. Sadler had declined Spring Rice’s offer of seat on this committee; believing that there was little prospect of it recommending a system of Poor Laws for Ireland when the majority of its members were ‘avowed opponents of the very principle’; he had also refused to act as a witness.4
Toward automated formation of microsphere arrangements using multiplexed optical tweezers

Optical tweezers offer certain advantages such as multiplexing using a programmable spatial light modulator, flexibility in the choice of the manipulated object and the manipulation medium, precise control, easy object release, and minimal object damage. However, automated manipulation of multiple objects in parallel, which is essential for efficient and reliable formation of micro-scale assembly structures, poses a difficult challenge. There are two primary research issues in addressing this challenge. First, the presence of stochastic Langevin force giving rise to Brownian motion requires motion control for all the manipulated objects at fast rates of several Hz. Second, the object dynamics is non-linear and even difficult to represent analytically due to the interaction of multiple optical traps that are manipulating neighboring objects. As a result, automated controllers have not been realized for tens of objects, particularly with three dimensional motions with guaranteed collision avoidances. In this paper, we model the effect of interacting optical traps on microspheres with significant Brownian motions in stationary fluid media, and develop simplified state-space representations. These representations are used to design a model predictive controller to coordinate the motions of several spheres in real time. Preliminary experiments demonstrate the utility of the controller in automatically forming desired arrangements of varying configurations starting with randomly dispersed microspheres.
Detection of cerebral NAD(+) in humans at 7T.

PURPOSE To develop 1 H-based MR detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) in the human brain at 7T and validate the 1 H results with NAD+ detection based on 31 P-MRS. METHODS 1 H-MR detection of NAD+ was achieved with a one-dimensional double-spin-echo method on a slice parallel to the surface coil transceiver. Perturbation of the water resonance was avoided through the use of frequency-selective excitation. 31 P-MR detection of NAD+ was performed with an unlocalized pulse-acquire sequence. RESULTS Both 1 H- and 31 P-MRS allowed the detection of NAD+ signals on every subject in 16 min. Spectral fitting provided an NAD+ concentration of 107 ± 28 μM for 1 H-MRS and 367 ± 78 μM and 312 ± 65 μM for 31 P-MRS when uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) was excluded and included, respectively, as an overlapping signal. CONCLUSIONS NAD+ detection by 1 H-MRS is a simple method that comes at the price of reduced NMR visibility. NAD+ detection by 31 P-MRS has near-complete NMR visibility, but it is complicated by spectral overlap with NADH and UDPG. Overall, the 1 H- and 31 P-MR methods both provide exciting opportunities to study NAD+ metabolism on human brain in vivo. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Magn Reson Med 78:828-835, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
H.E.L.P. (Healthcare equality in the life of every person) Head and neck cancer screening

A113 Introduction: Approximately 55, 000 new cases of head and neck cancer will be diagnosed this year, of these new diagnoses 13,000 will die from cancer related issues. Cancer (CA) of the head neck is treatable. The key is early detection. Despite continued improvement in medicine and medical marvels, disparity persists. Early detection occurs in approximately 54% of Caucasians (C) and 48% of African Americans (AA). AAs are diagnosed with some form of CA at a rate of 44 diagnoses per 100,000 individuals more than Cs. The death rate for AAs is 33% higher for all CAs. Early detection helps to treat disease before extensive local destruction and local regional metastasis or distant metastasis can occur. This could change survival rates significantly. Usually head and neck cancers provide symptoms early in disease due to there effect on the airway and the gastro-intestinal system. Despite early symptoms many Americans do not obtain health care. This is due in part to lack of access and lack of knowledge. The “H.E.L.P. (Healthcare Equality in the Life of Every Person) Head and Neck Cancer Screening” aims to conduct cancer screening and education about head neck cancer risk factors to underserved communities. People found to have positive physical findings will be referred to the appropriate health care facility for further care. Study Objectives Identify underserved populations with head and neck cancer. Refer these patients to appropriate health care facilities. Formulate strategies to reduce the number of untreated or late onset treatment of head and neck cancer in underserved populations. Patient Selection: Screening was performed at Atlanta homeless shelters. Methods: Patients were evaluated during screening visits by medical history, demographic questionnaire and a head and neck exam. This includes visualization of the head, neck, oral cavity, oral pharynx and larynx. Larynx and pharynx exam was accomplished using head light and reflective mirror. Also the head and neck were palpated for masses and chest auscultation with a stethoscope. No therapy was given at the screening. Patients were referred to health care facilities based on the findings on physical exam and risk factors. Conclusion: In our study, the underserved population consisted of homeless and other indigent patients. We found that there was a concerning lack of medical care and although the occurrence of undiagnosed head and neck cancer was not as high as predicted, the occurrence of untreated noncancerous medical issues were substantial. The use of mobile clinics to local homeless shelters and charity food centers offers and effective way to provide health resources to a highly migrant and often noncompliant patient base.
Foundations of a Nonideal Theory of Justice

This paper systematically extends John Rawls' original position to nonideal theory, showing how parties to a "nonideal original position" ought to prioritize four "nonideal primary goods" over Rawls' principles and priority relations, and then agree to five lexically ordered principles of nonideal theory for distributing those goods. Finally, these five principles are shown to fare very well in reflective equilibrium, cohering with a number of pretheoretic moral intuitions.
A roundtable discussion of antibiotic resistance: Putting the lessons to work

The following is an overview of open discussions held in conjunction with the Closed Roundtable Meeting on Resistant Bacteria. Participants discussed the management of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and developed strategies that hinder the development of additional strains of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial treatment. In addition, methods to communicate resistance-prevention strategies to primary care physicians were discussed.
In-Depth Investigation of Wrong-Way Crashes on Divided Highways in Alabama with Use of the Haddon Matrix and Field Observations

Few studies exist on wrong-way driving (WWD) on divided highways. Earlier findings on contributing factors and countermeasures mostly have been on freeways. This study filled the gap through the conduct of an in-depth investigation of WWD crashes exclusively on divided highways in Alabama. Extensive efforts were made to analyze WWD crash data through the use of the Haddon Matrix and field observations. General issues, contributing factors, and countermeasures were identified through in-depth analyses of individual crashes and field review of crash locations and WWD entry points. On the basis of study conclusions, recommendations are made to reduce the possibility and severity of WWD on divided highways.
Gender, Mobile, and Mobile Internet| Kenyan Women’s Rural Realities, Mobile Internet Access, and “Africa Rising”

The term “Africa Rising” is used in popular and academic discourse to describe economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Increased mobile phone ownership and access to the Internet figure prominently in this optimistic narrative. However, aspects of this story are being questioned, in particular whether this economic growth benefits Africa’s rural areas. In this article, we extend this critique to the optimism surrounding access to the mobile Internet by detailing rural women’s experiences with mobile devices. Drawing on data from our long-term fieldwork in Western Kenya, we describe how secondhand handsets, misinformation about social media, and gendered allocations of time constrain women’s access to the mobile Internet. We then discuss how the materiality of mobile phones, seasonal changes, and other factors must be considered when developing technological interventions in rural areas. We conclude that rural women’s lived realities merit more attention within growth narratives about Africa.
Activation of B-Cells by slgM Cross-Linking Induces Accumulation of CD5 mRNA

The surface membrane molecule CD5 is expressed on mature T cells and on the B-la subpopulation of B cells. These CD5 positive B cells express an antibody repertoire with a relatively high frequency of self-reactivity. There is uncertainty about the origins of CD5 B cells and the reasons for this are reviewed. Recent reports which relate to the lineage/selection debate are discussed. For instance, an increase in the frequency of CD5 B cells is a feature of several genetically determined polysystem autoimmune syndromes. In the case of motheaten (me, me v ) the pathogenesis of this increase in CD5 B cells is not yet understood, even though the mutation has been mapped to the Hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Hcph) gene. Another mutation which affects B cell development, X-linked immunodeficiency (xid), encodes a point mutation in a B cell cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. Expression of xid in otherwise normal mice causes a lack of CD5 B cells and a shift in the antibody repertoire. Interestingly, expression of both xid and motheaten results in an amelioration of autoantibody production. Evidence is presented that in B cells regulation of expression of CD5 can occur at the level of mRNA and that cross-linking of slgM can induce the accumulation of CD5 mRNA. The overall concept advanced is that cells expressing natural autoantibodies are triggered via slgM ligation to become CD5 B cells.
Subsurface Radio Propagation Experiments

Propagation experiments were conducted on Cape Cod, the Adirondack region of New York State, and in Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado to determine the feasibility of communication between vertical linear antennas located in drill holes in the rock below overburden, and similar antennas located on the surface of the ground. The bulk conductivity of the propagation media, i.e., the average conductivity along the path between the antennas, must be determined by measurements of propagation loss and transmission delay, because of the lack of homogeneity in the rock media. High values of bulk conductivity limited experiments to the VLF relation on Cape Cod and the Adirondacks, which involved ranges of 1.6 km and 5 km. respectively. Distances up to 48 km in the LF region were achieved by up-and-over transmissions from inside Cheyenne Mountain. Analysis of the experimental results and theoretical considerations indicate that the usefulness of the through-the-rock mechanism is severely limited by the bulk conductivity. For shallow antenna depths, particularly if the overburden is thin or absent, substantial transmission ranges can be achieved by using up-over-down propagation.
First principles Monte Carlo simulations of unary and binary adsorption: CO2, N2, and H2O in Mg-MOF-74

Dative bonding of adsorbate molecules onto coordinatively-unsaturated metal sites in metal-organic frameworks can lead to unique adsorption selectivities. However, the distortion of the electron density during dative bonding poses a challenge for force-field-based simulations. Here, we report first principles Monte Carlo simulations with the PBE-D3 functional for the adsorption of CO2, N2, and H2O in Mg-MOF-74, and obtain accurate predictions of the unary isotherms without any of the adjustments or fitting often required for systems with strong adsorption sites. Simulations of binary CO2/N2 and H2O/CO2 mixtures yield selectivities of 200 and 160, respectively, and indicate that predictions from ideal adsorbed solution theory need to be viewed with caution.
Surgical Suturing with Depth Constraints: Image-based Metrics to Assess Skill

Suturing is one of the most fundamental surgical skills, requiring careful and systematic instruction for skilled performance. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of attending surgeons and surgical residents on an open surgery suturing task to examine if the introduction of different depth levels affects their performance. A vision algorithm is used to extract metrics meaningful in the assessment of suturing skill. As subjects perform a suturing task on the platform, our vision algorithm computes metrics identified to be potentially useful in assessing suturing skill: distances from optimal entry and optimal exit points, stitch length, stitch time, idle time, needle swept area, needle tip trace distance, needle tip area, and needle sway length. Preliminary experimental data from a study with 5 attending surgeons and 7 surgical residents are presented. Results demonstrate that the metrics of distance from optimal exit points, idle time, needle swept area, needle tip trace distance, needle tip area, and needle sway length are useful in quantifying the effect of depth constraints on suturing performance.
Solutions to problems from part 3

The paper by X. Chen (IMA Preprint # 620) which solved some of the problems raised in Chapter 2 will appear in [1].
Overview of Heterogeneous Integrations

Multichip module (MCM), system-in-package (SiP), and heterogeneous integration use packaging technology to integrate dissimilar chips, optical devices, and/or packaged chips with different materials and functions, from different fabless houses, foundries, wafer sizes, and feature sizes into a system or subsystem on different substrates or stand alone. What is the difference between MCM, SiP, and heterogeneous integration? The traditional MCM is mainly a 2D integration. The SiP can also be a 3D integration or called vertical-MCM or 3D-MCM. Heterogeneous integration is very similar to SiP, except heterogeneous integration is for finer pitches, more inputs/outputs (I/Os), higher density, and higher performance applications.
Parental Behavior Comparisons Between Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parents of Children Without Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Parental behavior plays an important role in child development. Given inconsistent findings in the literature related to parental behaviors or parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those without, the purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to examine whether parenting behavior differences existed between parents of children with and without ASD. In addition, this meta-analysis examined the moderation effect of child development (e.g., global and language development) and parental communication style (verbal only and verbal/non-verbal interactions combined) on the parental behavior differences between parents of children with and without ASD. A systematic database and manual search identified 16 observational studies, which met predetermined inclusion criteria. Observable parental behaviors were categorized into four globally identifiable parental dimensions (parental warmth/support, parental behavioral control, parental negativity and neutral parental behavior) to capture the fundamental parental behaviors. There were no significant parental supportive/warmth and neutral behavior differences between the two groups. However, parents of children with ASD showed more controlling and negative behaviors compared to parents of children without ASD. The parental communication style was a significant moderator in the parental supportive/warmth dimension. Additionally, a child’s developmental ability was a significant moderator in the parental control dimension. These parental behavior differences between parents of children with and without ASD should be considered when creating and developing family-related interventions for children with ASD.
Pitch perception of concurrent high-frequency complex tones

Accurate pitch perception is possible for harmonic complex tones with fundamental frequencies (F0s) in the musical range (e.g., 1.4 kHz) but with all harmonics beyond the putative limits of phase locking. However, it is unknown whether pitch perception in more complex scenarios, such as with concurrent complex tones, is possible using these stimuli. To address this question, we measured (1) F0 difference limens (F0DLs) and (2) target-to-masker ratios (TMRs) required to detect a fixed F0 difference in a mixture of complex tones with low F0s (∼280 Hz) or high F0s (∼1400 Hz). The target tones were filtered to ensure that in the high-F0 case, only harmonics beyond the limits of phase locking were present. Pitch perception was poorer for isolated high-F0 tones than for isolated low-F0 tones and adding a masker complex tone with a geometrically centered F0 impaired performance for both high-F0 and low-F0 tones. The TMRs required to achieve good performance in the presence of two complex tone maskers were higher for high-F0 tones than for low-F0 tones. The results should help determine whether different mechanisms underlie the perception of combinations of complex tones at low and high frequencies. [Work supported by Grants NIH R01 DC005216 and NSF NRT-UtB1734815.]Accurate pitch perception is possible for harmonic complex tones with fundamental frequencies (F0s) in the musical range (e.g., 1.4 kHz) but with all harmonics beyond the putative limits of phase locking. However, it is unknown whether pitch perception in more complex scenarios, such as with concurrent complex tones, is possible using these stimuli. To address this question, we measured (1) F0 difference limens (F0DLs) and (2) target-to-masker ratios (TMRs) required to detect a fixed F0 difference in a mixture of complex tones with low F0s (∼280 Hz) or high F0s (∼1400 Hz). The target tones were filtered to ensure that in the high-F0 case, only harmonics beyond the limits of phase locking were present. Pitch perception was poorer for isolated high-F0 tones than for isolated low-F0 tones and adding a masker complex tone with a geometrically centered F0 impaired performance for both high-F0 and low-F0 tones. The TMRs required to achieve good performance in the presence of two complex tone maskers were higher...
Estimation Bias in Water-Quality Constituent Concentrations and Fluxes: A Synthesis for Chesapeake Bay Rivers and Streams

Flux quantification for riverine water-quality constituents has been an active area of research. Statistical approaches are often employed to make estimation for days without observations. One such approach is the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) method. While WRTDS has been used in many investigations, there is a general lack of effort to identify factors that influence its estimation bias. This work was aimed to (1) synthesize and compare WRTDS estimation bias for constituent concentrations and fluxes for rivers and streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (including headwater sites) and (2) identify controlling factors from five broad categories (watershed size, sampling practice, concentration and discharge conditions, land use, and geology). Five major constituents were considered, namely, suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (PO4), and nitrate-plus-nitrite (NOx). For both concentration and flux, estimation bias follows the general order of SS > TP > PO4 > TN ≈ NOx. Median TN and NOx bias statistics were near zero, with an equal distribution of small positive and negative bias. TP, PO4, and SS each showed a median positive bias across sites of less than 18% for flux and less than 7% for concentration. Particulate constituents, especially SS, tend to have larger bias at sites with smaller sampling frequencies, shorter sampling record lengths, and smaller watershed sizes. Results of multivariate models showed that both flux and concentration biases are most affected by concentration and discharge variabilities and the length of concentration record. In comparison, flux bias of particulate constituents is more affected by flow variability, whereas flux bias of dissolved constituents is more affected by concentration variability. Moreover, analysis using classification and regression trees provided additional information on how the factors affected flux bias: when all site-constituent combinations are considered, large flux biases are more likely associated with sites that have large concentration and discharge variabilities, small lengths of concentration record, and small sampling frequencies. These results may be useful for identifying sites with large biases, modifying monitoring practice at existing sites to reduce those biases, and choosing new monitoring locations in the Chesapeake watershed and beyond.
A Review of Tics Presenting Subsequent to Traumatic Brain Injury.

This review summarizes case reports of patients with tics emerging subsequent to traumatic brain injury (TBI), with respect to demographics, post-TBI symptoms, tic onset latency and topography, clinical history, neuroimaging results, and treatment outcome. Patients were 22 adults and 3 youth. Trauma onset appeared to fall mostly in adulthood. Two-thirds of patients were male and head trauma was related to motor vehicle accidents in most cases. Loss of consciousness was reported in just below half (48.0%) of cases. Associated physical and cognitive symptoms (e.g., impaired memory, reduced sensory perception, poor balance, muscle weakness, attention problems, aggression/impulsivity, obsessions and compulsions, depression, and anxiety) were commonly reported. The latency between head trauma and tic onset varied, but generally ranged from 1-day post-trauma to approximately 1-year post-trauma. Sole presentation of motor tics was common, with rostral to caudal development of motor tics in other cases. Simple and/or complex vocal tics were present in several cases, often emerging after motor tics. Post-trauma obsessive-compulsive symptoms were noted in five cases (20.0%). A personal or family history of tics was reported in four cases. Damage to the basal ganglia, ventricular system, and temporal region was observed across ten patients (40.0%). Pharmacological intervention varied, with tic symptoms deemed to have significantly or somewhat improved in 12 cases (48.0%). A comparison of post-TBI symptoms in youth with head trauma history relative to those with peripheral injury suggests tic symptoms are not a common post-TBI symptom in youth. Ultimately, there has been limited study on the link between traumatic brain injury and tic expression, and methodological issues preclude the ability to draw definitive conclusions regarding this relationship. Nevertheless, findings do suggest there may be heterogeneity in brain dysfunction associated with tic expression. Future case reports should utilize more systematic and thorough assessment of TBI and tics using validated measures, evaluate medication effects using single-case designs, and perform more longitudinal follow-up of cases with repeated neuroimaging.
Suboptimal Age-Adjusted Lumbo-Pelvic Mismatch Predicts Negative Cervical-Thoracic Compensation in Obese Patients.

ABSTRACT Background: Given the paucity of literature regarding compensatory mechanisms used by obese patients with sagittal malalignment, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the effects of obesity on compensation after comparing the degree of malalignment to age-adjusted ideals. This study aims to compare baseline alignment of obese and nonobese patients using age-adjusted spino-pelvic alignment parameters, describing associated spinal changes. Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years with full-body stereoradiographs were propensity-score matched for sex, baseline pelvic incidence (PI), and categorized as nonobese (body mass index Results: Included: 800 obese, 800 nonobese patients. Both groups recruited lower-extremity compensation: sacrofemoral angle (P = .004), KA, AA, PS, GSA (all P Conclusions: Regardless of malalignment severity, obese patients recruited lower-limb compensation more than nonobese patients. Obese patients with PI-LL mismatch larger than age-adjusted ideal also develop upper-cervical and cervicothoracic compensation for malalignment. Level of Evidence: III Clinical Relevance: Clinical evaluation should extend to the cervical spine in obese patients not meeting age-adjusted sagittal alignment ideals.
Finding the niche: An interprofessional approach to defining oritavancin use criteria in the emergency department

Abstract Introduction Cellulitis is commonly treated in the emergency department (ED). Oritavancin is a novel, broad-spectrum antibiotic which provides an entire treatment course for cellulitis with one dose. However, optimal ED prescribing scenarios for oritavancin have not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to identify a population of ED patients with cellulitis who would be most appropriate to receive oritavancin. Methods This was a descriptive, retrospective study conducted at a Midwest healthcare system with two EDs. Over a 1 year period, all adult patients admitted from the ED to an inpatient ward with an ICD-10 diagnosis for cellulitis were reviewed using a priori defined criteria to identify potentially avoidable admissions (PAA). Potentially avoidable admissions were further characterized and compared to the non-avoidable admission population. Identified patient-specific criteria for PAAs were used to develop oritavancin inclusion/exclusion criteria and a case selection flowchart. Results Eighty-six patients were identified during the study period. Nine patients (10.5%) were deemed a PAA. A majority of the PAA population had at least one risk factor for treatment failure (55% with diabetes mellitus) and this group was significantly younger than the non-PAA group (42.2 vs 58.6 years; P = 0.01). There were no differences between the PAA group and the non-PAA group in regard to non-age demographics, other risk factors for outpatient treatment failure, comorbidities, or length of stay. Conclusion Oritavancin is an outpatient treatment alternative for cellulitis patients whose only justification for planned admission is the presence of one or more risk factors for treatment failure.
p53 defies convention again: a p53 mutant that has lost tumor suppression but still can kill.

Loss of tumor suppression by the p53 protein involves altered or abrogated transcriptional activity resulting in a failure to mediate wild-type cellular responses including cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Timofeev et al (2019) make the fascinating finding that a novel p53 cooperativity mutation devoid of DNA binding results in no tumor suppression but surprising retention of an apoptotic response to chemotherapy and other treatments. This shows a need for rethinking how mutant p53-driven tumors are treated in the clinic.
High-throughput screening against protein:protein interaction interfaces reveals anti-cancer therapeutics as potent modulators of the voltage-gated Na + channel complex

Multiple voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channelopathies can be ascribed to subtle changes in the Nav macromolecular complex. Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a functionally relevant component of the Nav1.6 channel complex, a causative link to spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27) and an emerging risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders. Yet, how this protein:channel complex is regulated in the cell is still poorly understood. To search for key cellular pathways upstream of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex, we have developed, miniaturized and optimized an in-cell assay in 384-well plates by stably reconstituting the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex using the split-luciferase complementation assay. We then conducted a high-throughput screening (HTS) of 267 FDA-approved compounds targeting known mediators of cellular signaling. Of the 65 hits initially detected, 24 were excluded based on counter-screening and cellular toxicity. Based on target analysis, potency and dose-response relationships, 5 compounds were subsequently repurchased for validation and confirmed as hits. Among those, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib was highest ranked, exhibiting submicromolar inhibition of FGF14:Nav1.6 assembly. While providing evidence for a robust in-cell HTS platform that can be adapted to search for any channelopathy-associated regulatory proteins, these results lay the potential groundwork for repurposing cancer drugs for neuropsychopharmacology.