cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compilers and the Furture of High Performance Computing

Compiler technology has enabled the software advances of the last sixty years. It has given us machine-independent programming and improved productivity by automatically handling a number of issues, such as instruction selection and register allocation. However, in the parallel world of high performance computing, the impact of compiler technology has been small. Part of the reason is that the ambitious research projects of the last few decades, such as automatic parallelization and automatic generation of distributed memory programs a la High Performance Fortran, are yet to produce useful results. The absence of effective compiler technology has resulted in lack of portability and low productivity in the programming of parallel machines. With these problems growing more serious, due to the popularization of parallelism and the complexity increase expected in future high-end machines, advances in compiler technology are now more important than ever. In this presentation, I will discuss the state of the long standing problem of automatic parallelization and describe new important lines of research such as the identification of levels of abstractions that help both productivity and compilation, the development of a solid understanding of the automatic optimization process, the creation of a research methodology to enable the quantification of progress, and the development of an effective methodology for the interaction of programmers with compilers.
Therapy Effect: Impact on Bone Marrow Morphology

This article highlights the most common morphologic features identified in the bone marrow after chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies, growth-stimulating agents, and specific targeted therapies. The key is to be aware of these changes while reviewing post-therapeutic bone marrow biopsies and to not mistake reactive patterns for neoplastic processes. In addition, given the development and prevalent use of targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune modulators, knowledge of drug-specific morphologic changes is required for proper bone marrow interpretation and diagnosis.
Field test and strategy analysis of primary frequency control in Yunnan power grid

In order to reinforce the frequency stability of Yunnan power grid, the update and field tests of generator primary frequency control function have been carried out since 2005. The scheme of thermal power units was proved to be feasible through lots of field tests. After the careful study based on the wide-range investigation of related techniques, a feasible implementation scheme was well-designed for hydro-power units. Because of relative higher ratio of hydro-power capacity, a strategy for coordination of primary frequency control action of thermal-power units with hydro-power units is proposed, so as to improve the performance of primary frequency control in Yunnan power grid.
Chinese Traditional Medicine Hongjingtian Detect on Neonatal rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objective:To get the message of expression of chinese traditional medicine Hongjingtian detect on neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),so to find out the more effective method and mechanism to treat HIE.Methods:36 neonatal rats aged 7d were divided randomly into three groups,sham group,experimental group and chinese traditional medicine group with 12 rats in each.The left common carotid artery of the neonatal rats in experimental group and chinese traditional medicine group was ligated.2h later,they were subjected to inhalation of 8%oxygen for 2h.After 2h chinese traditional medicine group was fed Hongjingtian,each rat with 1ml every time,qd.Continus 5d,rest 2d againe feeding 5d.According to the time point,12 rats of every group were further divided randomly into two groups including 1d and 3d,with 6 rats in each subgroup.The expression of HIF-1αin the levels of protein and mRNA in braintissues of the rats were determined with HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.Results:Neonatal rats in hypoxic-ischemicgroup behaved restlessness,cyanosis,deep and rapid breath,astasia,lethargy,irritation and spasm;There were focal pyknosis,fragmentation,dissymmetry,blur or disappearance of nucleoli,raritas of ground substance in left cerebral cortex;but there was no statistic significance in chinese traditional medicine group and sham group.The expression of HIF-1αmRNA in brain tissue of experimental group and chinese traditional medicine group were higher than that in sham group,especially chinese traditional medicine group at 3d;HIF-1αpositive cells were found in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.There were more HIF-1αpositive cells in experimental group and chinese traditional medicine group and mainly in vascular endothelial cells.Conclusion:Chinese traditional medicine Hongjingtian have some effect on HIE rats,it is likely to increase the expression of HIF-1αin brain tissue.
Hajdu, Tibor and Ferenc Pollmann. 2014. A régi Magyarország utolsó háborúja 1914–1918 (‘The Last War of Old Hungary 1914–1918’). Budapest: Osiris. 415 pp. With maps and photographs.

Hajdu, Tibor and Ferenc Pollmann. 2014: A regi Magyarorszag utolso haboruja 1914–1918 (‘The Last War of Old Hungary 1914–1918’). Budapest: Osiris. 415 pp. With maps and photographs.
Standard of Care in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Retrospective Chart Analysis.

Abstract A retrospective chart review has value for providing a preliminary understanding of a standard of care for a given disease. Most importantly, it can serve as a pilot study to help clarify a research question, determine appropriate sample size, and identify feasibility issues for a future prospective study. The goal of our analysis was to characterize the standard of care in a group of patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) based on a retrospective review of their medical records. ITP is a rare disorder in which platelets are destroyed by autoantibodies and platelet production is impaired. The initial treatment usually involves corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). When initial treatment is unsuccessful, splenectomy is often the next measure. A total of 47 hematologists and oncologists across the US who reported having at least 10 current ITP patients were recruited to participate. Physicians were instructed to pull charts of 3 patients diagnosed with ITP ≥1 to
Party Splits, Not Progressives The Origins of Proportional Representation in American Local Government

The choice of proportional representation (PR) is rarely included in work on American local politics. Yet we have long known that 24 cities adopted the single transferable vote form of PR from 1915...
Sexual selection by the seashore: the roles of body size and weaponry in mate choice and competition in the maritime earwig ( Anisolabis maritima )

The spatial distribution of organisms can provide insight into their mating systems, either revealing mating preferences (intersexual selection for ornaments), competition for mates (intrasexual selection for armaments), or both. Teasing apart the relative contributions of these selective forces is a critical step in understanding mating systems, particularly given the potential combinations and complexities that arise when both sexes possess weaponry. We examined the mating system of the maritime earwig Anisolabis maritima, an insect well suited for studies of sexual selection because males differ markedly from females in body size (males are more variable in size, and sometimes substantially larger, than females) and weaponry (males possess asymmetrical, curved forceps, whereas females have straight forceps). We varied sex, body size, and forceps asymmetry among trios of earwigs and examined their spatial distribution under conditions where movement was restricted to promote either intersexual choice or intrasexual competition. Our results indicate strong sexual selection for larger sizes through both competition and choice in both sexes. However, females had no preference for males based on forceps asymmetry. We discuss how the competition and cohabitation patterns provide insight into the mating system, including how the possession of weaponry by both sexes could operate in intrasexual competitive battles as well as serve as a basis for assessing the quality of a potential mate. Sexually dimorphic traits are often the result of either intersexual selection, where one sex chooses the other based on phenotypic qualities, or intrasexual selection, where members of one sex compete with each other for mating opportunities. Although many mating systems lie squarely on one end of this spectrum, it is often less clear which selection forces shape mating systems when both sexes possess weaponry. We monitored cohabitation patterns to examine the relative roles of mate choice and competition in Anisolabis maritima, an earwig in which males have asymmetrical, curved pincers, whereas females have symmetrical, straight pincers. By restricting the movement of certain individuals within trios, we found that large size but not forceps asymmetry was important in both mate choice and competition. Our results indicate that weaponry and aggression may significantly affect both sexes and contribute to the complexity of the mating system.
Log-space harmonic function path planning

We propose a log-space solution for robotic path planning with harmonic functions that solves the long-standing numerical precision problem. We prove that this algorithm: (1) performs the correct computations in log-space, (2) returns the true equivalent path using the log-space mapping, and (3) has a strong error bound given its convergence criterion. We evaluate the algorithm on 7 problem domains. A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) implementation is also shown to greatly improve performance. We also provide an open source library entitled epic with extensive ROS support and demonstrate this method on a real humanoid robot: the uBot-6. Experiments demonstrate that the log-space solution rapidly produces smooth obstacle-avoiding trajectories, and supports planning in exponentially larger real-world robotic applications.
Cubic-foot volume of loblolly pine to any height limit.

Flexible methods for computing the contents of various portions of tree boles are necessary with today's changing utilization standards. Equations are presented for estimating the cubic-foot volume of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees to any desired height. The procedure involves predicting total stem volume and converting total volume to merchantable volume. Utilization standards are changing rapidly, thus necessitating methods for estimating the contents of various portions of tree boles. Diameter is the most common limiting factor for utilization, and equations for estimating the cubic-foot volume of loblolly pine to any merchantable top diameter have been published by Burkhart (1977). However, products are sometimes defined in fixed-length multiples. Consequently equations are presented here for estimating the volume of any specified length of bole. ian's formula'for each 4-foot section. Merchantable volumes were obtained by summing the volumes of the sections to the appropriate limits (each measurement was considered as a top-height limit). Total stem volume was obtained by adding the top volume to the merchantable volume which has the highest top limit, assuming that the top was a cone.
High-Frequency Trading Patterns around Short-Term Volatility Spikes

This study examines high-frequency trading patterns around intense episodic spikes in firm volatility. We provide evidence that high-frequency traders (HFTs) participate in more transactions as liquidity suppliers and in fewer transactions as liquidity demanders during extreme short-term firm volatility events than in the minutes leading up to these events. In fact, the supply of liquidity by HFTs increases as volatility episodes grow in intensity. In addition, we find greater increases in high-frequency market making when order flows are balanced during volatility episodes, relative to when order flows are unbalanced. The results are robust to alternative event identification strategies and exchange listings. Our findings suggest that the transactions of HFTs neither initiate nor exacerbate the extreme firm-level volatility episodes observed in this article.
ART: TO BE “INSIDE” OR “OUTSIDE” CULTURE

In the opening pages of his remarkable book about Marcel Duchamp, Jerrold Seigel writes that the French artist “cared more about his personal independence than he did about art itself. Beneath the succession of avant-garde movements there had always lurked an impulse of radical individualism, and no one represented it better than Marcel Duchamp” (PW, 10). Given the subject matter of this essay—the place of art in Seigel's thinking—it may seem odd to say so, but in one respect Seigel's attitude to art mirrors that of Duchamp: he cares less about art itself than about the impulse of radical individualism in modern society revealed through it.
A Dynamic, Inclusive, and Affective Evolutionary View of Organizational Behavior

This article reflects my observations about major changes in organizational behavior (OB) during my 50 years working in the field. I begin with a brief description of my personal journey as foundational for my perspective. I then discuss how the field has changed structurally and focus on the contributions of the Academy of Management (AoM) and the increasing diversity of our members, especially the increasing number of women, minorities, and people from countries other than the United States. The next section covers major research content changes in the field including positive scholarship, leadership, affective constructs, ethics, and the general well-being of those who toil in the organizational trenches. Additionally, there is a section on how the utilization of new statistical procedures and research methods has greatly expanded our ability to investigate and test complex theories and hypotheses about behavior in organizations. The discussion section highlights both the positive aspects of these deve...
The Politics of Religious Prejudice and Tolerance for Cultural Others

While some research argues that religious pluralism in the United States dampens conflict by promoting tolerance, other work documents persistent prejudice toward religious out-groups. We address t...
Assessment of GPM and SM2RAIN-ASCAT rainfall products over complex terrain in southern Italy

Abstract The assessment of precipitation over land is extremely important for a number of scientific purposes related to the mitigation of natural hazards, climate modelling and prediction, famine and disease monitoring, to cite a few. Due to the difficulties and the cost to maintain ground monitoring networks, i.e., raingauges and meteorological radars, remote sensing is receiving more and more attention in the recent decade(s). However, the accuracy of satellite observations of rainfall should be assessed with ground information as it is affected by a number of factors (topography, vegetation density, land-sea interface). Calabria is a peninsular region in southern Italy characterized by complex topography, dense vegetation and a narrow North-South elongated shape, thus being a very challenging place for rainfall retrieval from remote sensing. In this study, we built a high-quality rainfall datasets from raingauges and meteorological radars for testing three remotely sensed rainfall products: 1) the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement product (IMERG), 2) the SM2RASC product obtained from the application of SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture TO RAIN) algorithm to the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) derived satellite soil moisture data, and 3) a product derived from a simple combination of IMERG and SM2RASC. The assessment of the products is carried out at different rainfall time accumulation (e.g., from 0.5 to 24 h) for a ~2-year period from 10th March 2015, to 31st December 2016. Results show that IMERG has good performance at time resolutions higher than 6 h. At daily time scale, IMERG and SM2RASC show similar results with median correlations, R, ~0.60, and root mean square error, RMSE, ~7.6 mm/day (BIAS is −0.85 and +0.51 mm/day, respectively). The combined product outperforms the parent products (median R > 0.70, RMSE
Minority Entrepreneurs: Who Are They? What Do We Know? Where Do We Go from Here?

Entrepreneurship has been associated with economic development and job creation. While most of this body of research is silent on issues of gender, race and ethnic background, recently, a growing b...
Validity of wearable activity monitors for tracking steps and estimating energy expenditure during a graded maximal treadmill test.

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of energy expenditure (EE) estimation and step tracking abilities of six activity monitors (AMs) in relation to indirect calorimetry and hand co...
OPAC: Strategy for Demand-responsive Decentralized Traffic Signal Control

Abstract OPAC (Optimization Policies for Adaptive Control) is a computational strategy for demand-responsive decentralized traffic signal control that is being developed and tested in the United States. The strategy has the following features: (1) it calculates controls that approach the theoretical optimimum; (2) it requires on-line data from upstream approach detectors and from neighboring intersection; and (3) it forms a building block for demand-responsive decentralized control in a network. Performance of the strategy was studied through simulation and by field testing.
Cure Mixture Models in Breast Cancer Survival Studies

A considerable proportion of breast cancer patients will die of unrelated causes, thus complicating the analysis of the effect of prognostic factors or treatment. I assume the survival function of breast cancer patients to be a mixture of two survival functions representing those who will die from other causes (i.e., cured) and those from breast cancer. The hazard function for breast cancer death incorporates covariates representing breast cancer risk factors. Using the proposed cure mixture model, I consider the questions whether newly diagnosed node positive breast cancer is a late manifestation of node negative breast cancer or whether it is an inherently more aggressive disease. Using census and clinical trial data, I estimate the proportion of patients dying of other causes and of breast cancer for each of the node negative and node positive groups. An estimated 55.9% and 26.0% of node negative and positive patients, respectively, will die from other causes. Of those patients who will die from breast cancer, node positive patients were prone to have a significantly higher breast cancer death rate indicating that their disease is not simply a late manifestation of node negative disease.
Motility-Regulated Mucin Association of Serpulina Pilosicoli, the Agent of Colonic Spirochetosis of Humans and Animals

Colonic spirochetosis is a disease of humans and animals characterized by colonization of the colonic mucus gel and intimate attachment of Serpulina pilosicoli to the apical membrane of enterocytes. Motility-regulated mucin association plays a key role in colonie infection by the related spirochete Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery. In this study the chemotaxis of Serpulina pilosicoli porcine isolate P43/6/78, human isolate SP16, and canine isolate 16242-94 was examined by anaerobic incubation of each spirochete in control medium or medium containing increasing concentrations of D-L serine or porcine gastric mucin (PGM). The porcine isolate had a chemotactic response towards 10 mM D-L serine, but not towards PGM. By contrast, the human and canine isolates were attracted towards 0.1% PGM, but not towards DL-serine. The composition of the growth medium appeared to modulate the chemotactic response of S. pilosicoli towards PGM; the loss of a chemotactic response of spirochetes grown in medium without pig fecal extract was restored by growing the spirochetes in medium containing 0.1% PGM. Serpulina pilosicoli displays a chemotactic response towards PGM which is modulated by the presence of certain substrate during the growth phase of the spirochete.
Study of Some C 12 ( He 3 , α ) C 11 Reactions at 13.9 MeV

The 13.9-MeV angular distributions for the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}({\mathrm{He}}^{3},\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{C}}^{11}$ reactions which produce the ground, 2.00-, 4.32-, and 4.81-MeV states of ${\mathrm{C}}^{11}$ were measured, using silicon surface-barrier detectors. The differential cross sections were determined at 2.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} intervals over a laboratory angular range from about 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The angular distributions display features which suggest that a direct-reaction mechanism is operative. The ground-state angular distribution is strongly peaked at forward angles with a weak washed-out oscillatory structure, and those for the excited states are also forward-peaked, but have a strong, well-defined oscillatory nature. The integrated cross sections over the common center-of-mass angular range (32\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 112\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) for the ground and first three excited states are 30.5, 9.2, 9.7, and 11.9 mb, respectively. Each angular distribution was analyzed in terms of both zero-range distorted-wave Born-approximation knockout and pickup models. Reasonable correspondence between theory and experiment for the ground-state (${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) and second-excited-state (${\frac{5}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) angular distributions was achieved only with the pickup model, while only the knockout model provided a reasonable representation of the angular distributions corresponding to the first (${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) and third (${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) excited states.
When BLUE is not best: non-normal errors and the linear model

Researchers in political science often estimate linear models of continuous outcomes using least squares. While it is well known that least-squares estimates are sensitive to single, unusual data points, this knowledge has not led to careful practices when using least-squares estimators. Using statistical theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we highlight the importance of using more robust estimators along with variable transformations. We also discuss several approaches to detect, summarize, and communicate the influence of particular data points.
Impact of supportive housing on substance use-related health care utilization among homeless persons who are active substance users.

Abstract Purpose Homeless persons with a substance use disorder (SUD) are at high risk of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. We evaluated the impact of supportive housing on SUD-related ED visits and hospitalizations among active substance users experiencing chronic homelessness. Methods We matched 1558 homeless adults eligible for a New York City supportive housing program who had a SUD (2007–2012) to Medicaid claims data. We examined SUD-related hospitalizations and ED visits 2 years posteligibility. We calculated stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights using baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and used doubly robust estimators to compare rates between persons placed into supportive housing and those eligible but not placed. We also examined outpatient SUD treatment. Results Placed persons were hospitalized and visited EDs for substance use at significantly lower rates than persons not placed into housing (adjusted rate ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.88 and adjusted rate ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.68, respectively) 2 years posteligibility. Placed persons had increased odds of a new episode of SUD treatment and initiating treatment. Conclusions Supportive housing placement was associated with decreases in SUD-related hospitalizations and ED visits and with increased odds of new episodes of SUD outpatient treatment among homeless persons with SUD.
Halide-free neodymium phosphate based catalyst for highly cis-1,4 selective polymerization of dienes

Neodymium-based Ziegler–Natta type catalytic systems are known to produce polydienes with high cis-1,4 content. It is generally believed that in Ziegler–Natta catalytic systems, a halide or pseudohalide, whether in the catalyst itself or a separate source, is required for the success of the polymerization. In this work, we have synthesized an unusual halide-free neodymium diethyl phosphate catalyst for diene polymerization. This neodymium complex combined with triisobutylaluminum (TIBA), formed a binary catalytic system and was used to polymerize β-myrcene. The catalytic system displays high stereospecificity and produces poly(β-myrcene) with 96% cis-1,4 content and a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.80). Also, kinetic studies indicated the catalytic system gives a pseudo-living polymerization. The block copolymer poly(β-myrcene)-b-poly(isoprene) was successfully synthesized by sequential monomer addition, further demonstrating the pseudo-living nature of polymerization with the neodymium diethyl phosphate catalyst.
A macrolactonization-based strategy to obtain microtuble-stabilizing agent (-)-laulimalide.

An alternative synthesis of anti-tumor macrolide (−)-laulimalide is described. The synthesis was achieved utilizing Yamaguchi macrolactonization as the key step. The sensitive C2–C3 cis-olefin functionality has been installed by a macrolactonization of hydroxy alkynic acid and subsequent hydrogenation over Lindlar's catalyst.
An Exercise in Reverse Engineering for Safety-Critical Systems: An Experience for the Classroom

There have been multiple software system failures and successes that have led to milestone events since the inception of software development. One can harken back to the Y2K problem of the late 1990s that led to a great demand in reverse engineering activities in academia and the industry. Fast-forward to the 21st century and one observes that reverse engineering lacks emphasis in USA academia. This issue is exemplified by the high demand for software systems in new and expanding software application areas, which has resulted in systems being implemented before the requirements and design phases have been completed. Towards the maintenance of such systems, it is necessary to conducted reverse engineering for the derivation of software documentation for requirements and high-level and low-level design. When this scenario exists in the domain of safety-critical system, particularly in the aviation industry, reverse engineering takes on greater value because such software systems must undergo development regulations and certification restrictions. This work reports on the experienced gained from conducting reverse engineering on an industry-based software system as a university project. The software system addressed a problem in the domain of aviation and was treated as a safety-critical system. The reverse engineering methodology applied was based on the RTCA DO-178C Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification specification for onboard avionic software systems.
The technology underpinning 5G

Innovation from the component to the system level is necessary to realize the full potential of the next generation of wireless communication.
Significance of Additive Manufacturingfor Industry 4.0With Introduction of Artificial Intelligence in Additive Manufacturing Regimes

Industrial automation in the realm of industry 4.0 is on the rise since 21st century. Industry 4.0 makesafactory smart by incorporating automation and using cyber physical systems, internet of things, high speed computing and automated manufacturing systems. The execution stage of an automated production industry is smart manufacturing which exists in the form of an additive manufacturing system. The importance of additive manufacturing is more pronounced inautomotive and aerospace industries due totheirhigh rate of production. Thisreview paper highlights the importance of integrating additive manufacturing systemswith industry 4.0. A proposed model of smart manufacturing is also presented in which artificial intelligence is incorporated inadditive manufacturing systems for improving theoverall efficacy of production industries.
CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Patients with Friedreich's Ataxia.

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of GAA repeats in intron 1 of the frataxin (FXN) gene, leading to significant decreased expression of frataxin, a mitochondrial iron-binding protein. We previously reported that syngeneic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation prevented neurodegeneration in the FRDA mouse model YG8R. We showed that the mechanism of rescue was mediated by the transfer of the functional frataxin from HSPC-derived microglia/macrophage cells to neurons/myocytes. In this study, we report the first step toward an autologous HSPC transplantation using the CRISPR-Cas9 system for FRDA. We first identified a pair of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that efficiently removes the GAA expansions in human FRDA lymphoblasts, restoring the non-pathologic level of frataxin expression and normalizing mitochondrial activity. We also optimized the gene-editing approach in HSPCs isolated from healthy and FRDA patients' peripheral blood and demonstrated normal hematopoiesis of gene-edited cells in vitro and in vivo. The procedure did not induce cellular toxic effect or major off-target events, but a p53-mediated cell proliferation delay was observed in the gene-edited cells. This study provides the foundation for the clinical translation of autologous transplantation of gene-corrected HSPCs for FRDA.
Frontal Behavior Syndromes in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus as a Function of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Status

Objectives Cognitive impairment and apathy are well-documented features of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, research examining other neuropsychiatric manifestations of iNPH is scant, and it is unknown whether the neuropsychiatric presentation differs for iNPH patients with comorbid Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus iNPH without AD. This study aims to advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with iNPH. Methods Fifty patients from Butler Hospital's Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Clinic met inclusion criteria. Caregiver ratings on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) were examined to appraise changes in apathy, executive dysfunction, and disinhibition. Patients also completed cognitive tests of global cognition, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning. AD biomarker status was determined by either amyloid-beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau to Aβ-42 ratio. Results Results revealed clinically significant elevations on the FrSBe's apathy and executive dysfunction scales and modest correlations among these scales and cognitive measures. Of the 44 patients with available neuroimaging or CSF draw data, 14 presented with comorbid AD. Relative to the iNPH-only group, the iNPH + AD group showed a larger increase from pre-illness to current informant ratings on the executive dysfunction scale, but not the apathy or disinhibition scales. Conclusions These results replicate and extend prior research by identifying apathy and executive dysfunction as prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms of iNPH and suggest comorbid AD exacerbates dysexecutive behaviors. Future research is warranted to examine the effects of comorbid AD pathology in response to shunt surgery for iNPH, neuropsychiatric symptom changes, and resultant caregiver burden.
Comparison of diagnostic techniques to measure damage growth in a stiffened composite panel

Abstract A research study was performed during which a hat-stiffened composite panel was manufactured and tested in order to assess the abilities of four advanced diagnostic tools to characterize skin-to-stringer separation growth in post-buckled conditions. Teflon film was inserted between the hat flanges and the skin to create an initially disbonded region. The four diagnostic tools included a hand-held ultrasonic scanner, 3D digital image correlation, a fiber optic strain interrogator, and thermo-elastic stress analysis. A standard procedure was used for the ultrasonic system, but the other three advanced devices required MATLAB algorithms to define the damage zone based on peak strains along the loading direction. The results showed that all four techniques were able to characterize skin-to-stringer separation, with the largest difference between the measurements being approximately 5%.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Historically, society ignored the problems of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and, if forced to confront them, placed the blame on a small element of the population: prostitutes. The medical profession often contributed to this moralistic view and considered all STDs proper punishment of our sins.1 By the turn of the century, the social hygiene movement changed some of these attitudes in this country, and physicians began to assume more responsibility for the detection and treatment of STDs. During World War I, military commanders on both sides were forced to deal with the alarming presence of STDs among their troops. In the United States, STDs constituted the most frequent cause of rejection of draftees by the Selective Service. In 1918, Congress passed the Chamberlain-Kahn Act, creating the venereal disease control division within the U.S. Public Health Service.2 Efforts to control STDs dwindled rapidly after the war and remained in the doldrums for about 20 years. Efforts were again intensified during World War II and were again dismantled with the discovery of penicillin and an initial success in reducing gonorrhea and syphilis. At present, the United States has one of the highest rates for these two diseases in the world.
Solid particle erosion of a plasma spray – physical vapor deposition environmental barrier coating in a combustion environment

Abstract Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) were developed to reduce the susceptibility of SiC-based composites to the rapid volatilization and surface recession that occurs in the presence of water vapor. Extensive research and development has been performed on EBCs, and their corresponding failure mechanisms under different environmental conditions. However, one key failure mechanism, solid particle erosion (SPE), has not been thoroughly investigated. As a result, the present work investigates the SPE behavior of a ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7) environmental barrier coating (EBC) deposited via plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD). Erosion testing was performed at elevated temperature (1200 °C) in a simulated combustion environment at the NASA Glenn Research Center Erosion Burner Rig Facility. Alumina (Al2O3) particles were used as the eroding media. A range of particle kinetic energies and impingement angles were investigated along with the effect of coating surface roughness. The post-erosion damage morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SPE behavior of the PS-PVD EBC was shown to be comparable to other EBC systems reported in the literature.
Growth Suppression of Human Head and Neck Cancer Cells by the Introduction of a Wild-Type p53 Gene via a Recombinant Adenovirus

Mutations of the p53 gene constitute one of the most frequent genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). In this study, we introduced wild-type p53 into two separate SCCHN cell lines via a recombinant adenoviral vector, Ad5CMV-p53. Northern blotting showed that following infection by the wild-type p53 adenovirus (Ad5CMV-p53), cells produced up to 10-fold higher levels of exogenous p53 mRNA than cells treated with vector only (without p53). Western blotting showed that the increased levels of p53 protein produced in the Ad5CMV-p53-infected cells were a reflection of p53 mRNA expression. In vitro growth assays revealed growth arrest following Ad5CMV-p53 infection as well as cell morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. In vivo studies in nude mice with established s.c. squamous carcinoma nodules showed that tumor volumes were significantly reduced in mice that received peritumoral infiltration of Ad5CMV-p53. These data suggest that Ad5CMV-p53 may be further developed as a potential novel therapeutic agent for SCCHN since introduction of wild-type p53 into SCCHN cell lines attenuates their replication and tumor growth.
Acute pancreatitis decreases the sensitivity of pancreas-projecting dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurones to group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists in rats

Key points Acute pancreatitis is one of the most severe disorders of the exocrine pancreas. Pancreatic exocrine secretions (PES) are under regulatory control of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurones and their activity is regulated by inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic synaptic inputs. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) decrease synaptic transmission to pancreas-projecting DMV neurones and modulate PES. In this study, we show that acute pancreatitis induces a long-lasting increase in excitatory synaptic transmission to pancreas-projecting neurones by decreasing the response of excitatory synaptic terminals to group II mGluR agonists. These data suggest that changes in group II mGluR expression in the DMV may underlie short- and long-term changes in PES in acute pancreatitis. Abstract Recent studies have shown that pancreatic exocrine secretions (PES) are modulated by dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurones, whose activity is finely tuned by GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic inputs. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) decrease synaptic transmission to pancreas-projecting DMV neurones and increase PES. In the present study, we used a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches aimed at characterising the effects of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) on the vagal neurocircuitry modulating pancreatic functions. In control rats, microinjection of bicuculline into the DMV increased PES, whereas microinjections of kynurenic acid had no effect. Conversely, in AP rats, microinjection of bicuculline had no effect, whereas kynurenic acid decreased PES. DMV microinjections of the group II mGluR agonist APDC and whole cell recordings of excitatory currents in identified pancreas-projecting DMV neurones showed a reduced functional response in AP rats compared to controls. Moreover, these changes persisted up to 3 weeks following the induction of AP. These data demonstrate that AP increases the excitatory input to pancreas-projecting DMV neurones by decreasing the response of excitatory synaptic terminals to group II mGluR agonist.
Introduction: Historical and contemporary issues in Islamic funerary practice

In this special issue we explore the unifying effects of death and its associated practices and rituals. The collection focuses on ritual and local funerary traditions in Islam and examines historical and contemporary issues dealing with the concept of death and the rituals and material cultures associated with it.
Self-assembly properties of primitive organic compounds

A central event in the origin of life was the self-assembly of amphiphilic compounds into closed microenvironments. If a primitive macromolecular replicating system could be encapsulated within a vesicular membrane, the components of the system would share the same microenvironment, representing a step toward indivuality and true cellular function.
Transaction Level Modeling of Best-Effort Channels for Networked Embedded Devices

We use Transaction Level Modeling techniques to specify and validate best-effort channels for networked embedded devices, to integrate the generated specification model in system-level design flow, for prototyping, exploration and validation of design alternatives. A best-effort channel does not provide any guarantees on final data delivery or delivery rate. With more embedded devices existing in networked environments, often sharing a common communication channel, devices compete with each other for all common network resources, e.g., in a wireless sensor network where low power devices share a low bandwidth best-effort channel. To examine such systems, we specify Half-Duplex Ethernet using the SpecC language and Transaction Level Modeling techniques. All models are validated in a multi-station test setup using Ethernet-based network algorithms.
A Teaching Aid for Improving Jurors' Assessments of Eyewitness Accuracy

Summary We investigated whether education can improve mock jurors' assessments of eyewitness accuracy in a criminal case. The interview-identification-eyewitness (I-I-Eye) teaching aid directed participants to attend carefully to how law enforcement interviewed the eyewitness and conducted the identification procedure, before considering what eyewitness factors during the crime might affect accurate identification. After viewing the I-I-Eye or one of two control aids, 293 undergraduate participants read a trial transcript about a criminal case that contained either strong or weak eyewitness evidence. The police consistently followed proper procedures for eyewitness evidence in the strong case, but not in the weak case. Only the I-I-Eye participants demonstrated sensitivity to the strong and weak eyewitness evidence by rendering more guilty verdicts in the strong compared with the weak case. The I-I-Eye teaching aid provides a framework for analyzing eyewitness testimony that may improve jurors' and legal professionals' assessments of eyewitness accuracy in criminal cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Still Arbitrary: Capital Sentencing in the Post-Furman Era:

At the epicenter of modern capital jurisprudence has been a critical question: How do capital jurors make the life or death sentencing decision?Since its 1976 decision in Gregg v. Georgia, Profitt v. Florida, and Jurek v. Texas authorized the states' return to capital punishment, the United States Supreme Court has grappled with the two-part question: To what extent must they be explicitly directed in their decision-making? Once the Court has determined that some constraints are necessary, it then must decide whether they are needed only to correct misbehavior or, more fundamentally, to shape the constitutional contours of capital sentencing. What the Court decides to do, or not to do, often depends on untested assumptions about how jurors do, or will, make the critical punishment decision. In this paper, I review what social science evidence reveals about capital juror decision making in the Post-Furman era. Employing a variety of research methodologies and perspectives, one overwhelming commonality of t...
Cell Excitability Necessary for Male Mating Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans Is Coordinated by Interactions Between Big Current and Ether-A-Go-Go Family K+ Channels

Variations in K+ channel composition allow for differences in cell excitability and, at an organismal level, provide flexibility to behavioral regulation. When the function of a K+ channel is disrupted, the remaining K+ channels might incompletely compensate, manifesting as abnormal organismal behavior. In this study, we explored how different K+ channels interact to regulate the neuromuscular circuitry used by Caenorhabditis elegans males to protract their copulatory spicules from their tail and insert them into the hermaphrodite’s vulva during mating. We determined that the big current K+ channel (BK)/SLO-1 genetically interacts with ether-a-go-go (EAG)/EGL-2 and EAG-related gene/UNC-103 K+ channels to control spicule protraction. Through rescue experiments, we show that specific slo-1 isoforms affect spicule protraction. Gene expression studies show that slo-1 and egl-2 expression can be upregulated in a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-dependent manner to compensate for the loss of unc-103 and conversely, unc-103 can partially compensate for the loss of SLO-1 function. In conclusion, an interaction between BK and EAG family K+ channels produces the muscle excitability levels that regulate the timing of spicule protraction and the success of male mating behavior.
Adverse events following vaccination with an inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the United States, 2009-2012.

Background In March 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration licensed an inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VC [Ixiaro]) for use in adults. The vaccine was licensed based on clinical trial safety data in 3558 JE-VC recipients. It is essential to monitor post-licensure surveillance data to evaluate the safety of JE-VC because rare adverse events may not be detected until the vaccine is administered to a larger population.
Substitution of norleucine for methionine residues in a crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone

In order to evaluate the structural/functional roles of Met residues in an octadecapeptide pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala- NH2), first described as light-adapting distal retinal pigment hormone (DRPH) from Pandalus, three analogs were synthesized: Nle4-PDH, Nle15-PDH, and Nle4,15-PDH. When tested for melanophore pigment-dispersing activity in destalked Uca, all three Nle-analogs were more potent than unsubstituted PDH. Performic acid oxidation caused a marked loss of potency of PDH, Nle4-PDH, and Nle15-PDH. The analog Nle4,15-PDH was resistant to oxidation and displayed 6-fold higher potency than PDH. Thus Met4 and Met15 are not essential for the PDH activity. The oxidation-induced loss of activity of unsubstituted PDH may result from introduction of oxygen (in methionine sulfone) and a consequent conformational change in the octadecapeptide.
Photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air purification: a literature review

Abstract This paper presents a literature review of using photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) to destruct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. TiO2 is used extensively as a photocatalyst due to its superior characteristics. Through kinetic experiments, the dependence of reaction rate on some key influencing factors (moisture, light intensity, initial contaminant concentration) has been studied, and kinetic models have been developed to aid the optimal reactor design. In general, the final products of PCO include CO2 and H2O. However, the intermediates, which are produced in the process of PCO, shouldn't be ignored because they can occupy the active sites of catalyst and lead to the deactivation of the catalyst.
Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor

Ferromanganese oxide crusts, which accumulate on unsedimented surfaces in the open ocean1–6, derive most of their metal content from dissolved and particulate matter in ambient bottom water7,8, in proportions modified by the variable scavenging efficiency of the oxide phase for susceptible ions9. They differ in this respect from abyssal nodules, much of whose metals are remobilized from host sediments. Here we present maps of cobalt concentration and inferred accumulation rate of ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific Ocean. We propose that depletion of cobalt in Pacific crusts measures the location and intensity of submarine hydrothermal discharge. Use of the 'cobalt chronometer', an algorithm inversely relating cobalt content and crust growth rate, permits mapping of the accumulation rate of ferromanganese crusts with only indirect recourse to radioactivity-based dating methods. These maps show that crusts in hydrothermal areas grow from two to more than four orders of magnitude faster than in the Central Pacific Ocean. Cobalt-enriched crusts are found where water masses are most isolated from continental-coastal and hydrothermal sources of metals, now and in the past. This relationship can resolve the problem of cobalt enrichment in crusts without recourse to hypotheses invoking special cobalt sources or enrichment mechanisms.