cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small, dense low-density lipoprotein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Data from case-control and cross-sectional studies uniformly demonstrate an association between small, dense low-density lipoprotein and risk of coronary heart disease. This relationship may be attributable to the association of small, dense low-density lipoprotein with other atherogenic lipoproteins, the presence of the insulin resistance syndrome in subjects with small low-density lipoprotein, and/or the increased oxidative susceptibility of small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Furthermore, because small low-density lipoprotein appears to be a common trait in the general population, more than one of these atherogenic mechanisms may be operating simulataneously to increase risk of coronary heart disease.
Development of a numerical groundwater flow model using SRTM elevations

Remotely-sensed elevation data are potentially useful for constructing regional scale groundwater models, particularly in regions where ground-based data are poor or sparse. Surface-water elevations measured by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) were used to develop a regional-groundwater flow model by assuming that frozen surface waters reflect local hydraulic head (or groundwater potential). Drainage lakes (fed primarily by surface water) are designated as boundary conditions and seepage lakes and isolated wetlands (fed primarily by groundwater) are used as observation points to calibrate a numerical flow model of the 900 km2 study area in the Northern Highland Lakes Region of Wisconsin, USA. Elevation data were utilized in a geographic information system (GIS) based groundwater-modeling package that employs the analytic element method (AEM). Calibration statistics indicate that lakes and wetlands had similar influence on the parameter estimation, suggesting that wetlands might be used as observations where open water elevations are unreliable or not available. Open water elevations are often difficult to resolve in radar interferometry because unfrozen water does not return off-nadir radar signals.
Transfer of a Pyemotes egg parastie phoretic on western pine bark beetles to the southern pine beetle

Abstract Pyemotes giganticus has the widest phoretic latitude of any known Pyemotes, probably riding all scolytids and at least one tenebrionid beetle associate. The female heteromorph is not phoretic. The feeding latitude is narrow; the mite is known to feed only on scolytid eggs, and then reluctantly. Parasitism of a natural host, Pseudohylesinus nebulosus, is very low, probably far less than 1 percent. Phoretomorphs gave birth to males, phoretomorphs, and female heteromorphs. Normal females bore phoretomorphs and males. Adults were born head first and the males did not assist in births.
Security and Integrity Analysis Using Indicators

Computer systems today are under constant attack by adversaries that are looking for opportunistic ways to gain access and exfiltrate data, cause disruption or chaos, or leverage the computer for their own use. Whatever the motives are, these attacks typically occur not just against one device but a series of computer systems that relate in some manner (i.e. banking systems). Being able to understand the attackers tactics, techniques, or procedures (TTP) and reuse the knowledge against other systems becomes critical to help detect the attackers movement, where they may have conducted other security breaches, and to help play catch-up and close down the attacker from persistent threat. Using Indicators as a way to define components of the various TTPs can act as a tool to help share intelligence. A simulation was conducted demonstrating the indicator lifecycle in which a malware binary was created to perform a https command and control (C2). Using this simulation, it was possible to demonstrate how indicators were produced and defined after system analysis as well as how they could be consumed on other systems searching for the same TTP.
Wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring using System-on-Chip with Android smartphone

Critical structures such as aircrafts, bridges, dams and buildings require periodic inspections to ensure safe operation. Reliable inspection of structures can be achieved by combining ultrasound non-destructive testing techniques with other sensors (for example, temperature sensor and accelerometers). In this study, we show that adapting wireless embedded systems to the task of structural health monitoring improves inspection productivity, increases mobility, and allows the aggregation of critical data to enhance inspection accuracy. To achieve this objective, we developed a customized system based on Reconfigurable Ultrasonic System-on-chip Hardware (RUSH) platform. RUSH collects and analyzes ultrasonic data to detect structural flaws such as cracks, voids, or fatigue. The collected data is then transferred through a Bluetooth transceiver to an Android smartphone referred to as Mobile Sensor Data Collector (MSDC), where the data is instantly displayed and forwarded to a central server for expert review over the Internet.
Pharmacological management of hypertension in pregnancy

Hypertension in pregnancy remains a significant public health problem. Pharmacological management of blood pressure in pregnancy is impacted by changes in maternal drug disposition and by the pharmacodynamic effects of specific agents. This article will review the impact of pregnancy on pathways of drug elimination and the associated clinical implications, the pharmacodynamic effects of specific drugs and classes of drugs in pregnancy, and the data to date on the impact of antihypertensive therapy on mothers and their fetuses.
Triazolam Kinetics: Interaction with Cimetidine, Propranolol, and the Combination

Nineteen healthy volunteers received a single 0.5-mg oral dose of triazolam on four occasions under the following conditions: (1) triazolam alone; (2) triazolam with cimetidine, 300 mg four times daily; (3) triazolam with propranolol, 40 mg four times daily; (4) triazolam with both cimetidine and propranolol. Triazolam kinetics were determined from multiple plasma concentrations measured during 24 hours after each dose. Compared with control, peak plasma triazolam concentration (Cmax) was significantly increased by cimetidine (5.4 versus 3.9 ng/mL), total area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) increased (21.3 versus 16.1 ng/mL X hr), and oral clearance decreased (485 versus 668 mL/min). However triazolam half-life was not increased. During propranolol alone, triazolam Cmax (4.1 ng/mL), AUC (14.3 ng/mL X hr), and clearance (759 mL/min) did not differ significantly from control, whereas kinetic variables for triazolam with cimetidine plus propranolol were similar to those with cimetidine alone. Plasma free fraction for triazolam (17 to 18% unbound) did not differ significantly among the four treatment conditions. Mean steady-state plasma cimetidine concentrations during trials 2 and 4 were similar (1.04 versus .98 micrograms/mL), whereas plasma propranolol was significantly higher during cimetidine plus propranolol than with propranolol alone (47 versus 29 ng/ml, P less than .001). Thus cimetidine coadministration significantly inhibits triazolam clearance, causing increased triazolam AUC and Cmax, but without a prolongation in half-life. Propranolol itself does not impair triazolam clearance, nor does propranolol potentiate the inhibitory effect of cimetidine alone.
Fluorometric Method for Determination of Transketolase Activity

Abstract A new method for rapid and accurate determination of transketolase is studied. The reaction is monitored by coupling the system with the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase system and flurometrically measureing the production of NADH. The assay is rapid and convenient. It responds linearly to transketolase activity as low as 0.1 units in three ml of reaction mixture.
Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) aridity indicated by paleosols in the McRae Formation, south-central New Mexico

Abstract The McRae Formation in south-central New Mexico contains paleosols that indicate a significant increase in aridity occurred during the latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian). The McRae Formation is approximately 420 m thick and consists of interbedded fluvial channel sandstone and conglomerate, floodplain mudstone and fine sandstone, and siliceous ash-fall tuff. It has been divided into a lower Jose Creek Member and an upper Hall Lake Member. A Lancian dinosaur fauna is present in both members, indicating a late Maastrichtian age for the McRae Formation. Jose Creek paleosols are classified as argillisols and probably formed under humid to subhumid conditions. Paleosols in the Jose Creek member consist of A, ±E, and Bt horizons and are associated with numerous in situ petrified stumps, the largest of which is 1.7 m in diameter. The argillic B horizons (Bt) contain vertical clay-filled root traces, rhizoliths, blocky peds, embedded-grain argillans, and ped argillans. In contrast, paleosols in the Hall Lake Member are calcisols and vertic calcisols. These paleosols are characterized by Bw, Bt, Btk, Bk, and K horizons. The calcic horizons contain vertical calcite-filled tubules and carbonate nodules, in addition to calcans, spar coats, brecciated zones, alveolar-septal fabric and gypsum pseudomorphs. The vertic calcisols contain wedge-shaped peds and slickensides. The presence of calcic horizons in the Hall Lake Member suggest that the paleoclimate was significantly drier than during deposition of the Jose Creek Member. In addition, the vertic features indicate periods of wetting and desiccation (seasonality of precipitation?) during Hall Lake Time. Late Maastrichtian aridity, based on paleosols, has been interpreted for the Big Bend region of Texas, central Utah, and for Alberta, Canada, suggesting that the increase in aridity found in south-central New Mexico occurred throughout the Western Interior of North America.
The predicted impact of roof aperture design on the energy performance of office buildings

Abstract An investigation has been made of potential lighting electricity reductions and associated thermal impacts of replacing electric light with sunlight admitted through rooftop glazing on a single-story, prototypical office building. Experimental scale models have been used to determine the fraction of the solar radiation entering the aperture which reaches the work plane as useful illumination. This information is used in a developmental version of the building energy analysis computer program BLAST-3.0 to predict reductions in lighting electricity and the impacts on energy consumption for heating and cooling the building. The results indicate that a large fraction of the electricity consumed for lighting a single-story office building can be displaced using modest amounts of glazing in the roof. Also, both heating and cooling energy consumption reductions are possible from a daylighting system, but they are substantially smaller than the potential lighting electricity reductions. The design implications of the results are discussed and future directions for the work are outlined.
Uterine fibroid segmentation and volume measurement on MRI

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumors in females. The efficacy of medical treatment is gauged by shrinkage of the size of these tumors. In this paper, we present a method to robustly segment the fibroids on MRI and accurately measure the 3D volume. Our method is based on a combination of fast marching level set and Laplacian level set. With a seed point placed inside the fibroid region, a fast marching level set is first employed to obtain a rough segmentation, followed by a Laplacian level set to refine the segmentation. We devised a scheme to automatically determine the parameters for the level set function and the sigmoid function based on pixel statistics around the seed point. The segmentation is conducted on three concurrent views (axial, coronal and sagittal), and a combined volume measurement is computed to obtain a more reliable measurement. We carried out extensive tests on 13 patients, 25 MRI studies and 133 fibroids. The segmentation result was validated against manual segmentation defined by experts. The average segmentation sensitivity (true positive fraction) among all fibroids was 84.6%, and the average segmentation specificity (1-false positive fraction) was 84.3%.
Philosophical prose and practice

Ever since Plato took it out of public places and made it academic, Western philosophy has been the work of theorists: people whose leisure and culture leave them free to stand back from history and look on as spectators. Traditionally, Western philosophers have tried to build their theories on suprahistorical foundations. With the American and French revolutions, history and historical consciousness become essential elements of philosophy, but its suprahistorical foundations remain. Hegel's theory completes all prior philosophical theories by showing how they progressively embody history's transcendent reality. Marx makes Hegelian idealism stand up: it becomes the historically contingent theory of revolutionary practice. Yet Marxian philosophy is haunted by a spectre of its own historical inevitability that subsequent Marxists have characteristically invoked to legitimate their contingent practice.
Influence of Smoking on Long-Term Clinical Results of Intrabony Defects Treated With Regenerative Therapy

This retrospective study compares the short-term (1 year) and long-term (2 to 5 year) clinical results of regenerative therapy in clinical private practice using a bone allograft for the treatment of intrabony defects in smokers and non-smokers. A total of 110 intrabony lesions were treated with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) following thorough defect debridement and root preparation in 53 patients (15 cigarette smokers and 38 non-smokers). Assessments of clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were recorded at pre-treatment, 1 year post-treatment, and 2 to 5 years post-treatment. At 1 year post-treatment, significant gains in mean CAL were maintained for both smokers (2.7 mm) and non-smokers (3.4 mm). Similarly, significant reductions in mean PD were observed for smokers (3.0 mm) and non-smokers (3.8 mm) at the 1-year follow-up. However, when comparing relative improvements in clinical measures, smokers were found to exhibit significantly poorer treatment results (i.e., sites exhibited less CAL gain) at 1 year and 2 to 5 years follow-up. Relative to pre-treatment scores, differences in improvements observed for CAL at the 1-year evaluation (29.2% for smokers and 42.5% for non-smokers) were sustained in the subgroup of patients at 2 to 5 years follow-up (31.3% for smokers and 41.8% for non-smokers). Similar but non-significant trends were observed for relative reductions in probing depth for smokers and non-smokers at 1 year (41.9% for smokers and 49.3% for non-smokers) and 2 to 5 years follow-up (43.9% for smokers and 48.3% for non-smokers) for the subgroup of patients followed beyond 1 year. These results suggest that smoking adversely affects treatment outcome, as measured by gains in clinical attachment levels of intrabony defects treated by regenerative therapy using DFDBA.
The assessment of imminence of risk of placement: Lessons from a family preservation program☆

Intensive family preservation programs are a form of family services aimed at preventing the placement into foster care of children deemed at imminent risk of removal. There is considerable debate, however, on how best to determine the risk of imminent placement. This article presents an analysis of the determination of imminent risk within one family preservation program, and finds that the conventional and accepted risk factors to be used in making a risk determination at intake are more accurate at predicting placement after leaving the program than in predicting who is judged to be at imminent risk at intake. Specific elements contributing to this discrepancy are discussed, with implications for risk assessment research and policy.
A RESEARCH NOTE EFFECTS OF AMMONIA EXPOSURE ON FRESH PORK: A DISTINCT PINK COLOR AFTER COOKING

Exposure of raw pork loin chops to ammonia results in the development of a distinct pink color throughout, after cooking to 80C as indicated by visual observations and CIE L*a*b* values. While some of the color development is apparently due to the pH shift caused by the ammonia, experiments suggest that other factors are involved in the formation of the distinct pink color. Samples cooked and then exposed to ammonia failed to develop the pink color. CIE a* values were higher (P < 0.05) for all cooked ammonia treated samples than the cooked control. Distinctly different absorbance spectra (400–700 nm) were observed between cooked, treated samples and either the cooked untreated control, raw fresh pork, or nitrosohemochrome samples. These data suggest that exposure of raw pork to ammonia will influence formation of an undercooked color in fully cooked pork.
Ultrasonic assessment of cardiac function in the intact human fetus.

Echocardiography may provide information concerning the structural development of the fetal human heart. The information available from such studies, when interpreted in light of existing knowledge of developmental cardiac physiology, may give insight concerning in utero cardiac pump function. The quantitation of cardial structural growth in utero has been used to provide growth curves for the chambers of the fetal heart. Disparity in the ratio of right ventricular/left ventricular size (normally 1.0 to 1.2) may suggest acute ventricular failure and dilation. Electromechanical analysis using M-mode techniques may be used to analyze and monitor the treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias and provide systolic time interval analysis. Doppler waveform analysis provides information concerning directional flow and vascular impedance and Doppler flowmetry has promise for the measurement of fetal aortic and umbilical venous blood flows. Such studies Have increased our understanding of fetal circulatory function and have practical implications for the establishment of fetal cardiac diagnosis and treatment programs.
Array interconnect systems based on lenslets and CGH

Several optical systems, based on a combination of lenslet arrays and computer-generated holograms (CGH), are described. They provide full or neighborhood connectivity between arrays of electronic processors, each processor containing one transmitter and N detectors. Some of the system are symmetrical, and therefore bi-directional. Specific designs include a system utilizing reflection-mode modulators that provides reciprocal connections between two planes of processors, and a system requiring sources or transmissive modulators that provides the connections required by a back-propagation neural network with an arbitrary number of layers. We derive expressions governing the lengths of the lenslet-based system and of a previous design based on bulk optics and CGH. The proposed systems require fewer components, less volume, and less alignment than the bulk optics system.
Higgs detection via Z0 polarisation

It is demonstrated that if one determines the polarisation of the Z0 final states from pp → Z0Z0 → charged leptons, then one can reliably detect the presence of a Higgs boson in the range 300 GeV < mH < 1 TeV at the SSC. This is in contrast to other methods for Higgs detection which are susceptible to QCD backgrounds, severe cuts, or uncertainties in the Z0 continuum. For one year's running at the nominal SSC luminosity of 1033 cm−2 s−1 and energy 40 TeV there are sufficient numbers of such events to perform the straightforward analysis.
Limitations of the Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Mouse Model for Study of Human B‐Cell Responses

Mice lacking functional T and B lymphocytes offer an in vivo animal model for the study of human immune functions. We have attempted to optimize the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) using radiation, anti-asialo GM1 antibody or cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment of the mice and in vitro stimulation of human PBL with interleukin (IL)-2 prior to their transfer to the mice. Total human IgG and tetanus-toxoid (TT)-specific human IgG responses of the mice were used as parameters of successful reconstitution. Treatment of the mice with anti-asialo GM1 antibody significantly enhanced total human IgG levels, but not TT-specific antibody responses, whereas irradiation or Cy treatment of the mice had no effect on human antibody production. In vitro treatment of human PBL with IL-2 prior to engraftment significantly decreased total human IgG responses of human PBL-grafted SCID mice. The immune responses of individual mice within a group were highly variable, which constitutes a major disadvantage of this model.
Edge‐Plasma Properties in Liquid‐Wall Environments

Flowing liquid walls have been proposed as the first wall and/or divertor plates for magnetic fusion energy devices because they may solve a number of technological problems for fusion power plants. A key question for their successful use is the edge-plasma shielding of wall-vapor impurities from the core plasma. A self-consistent analysis of the combined hydrogen/impurity edge plasmas for distributed wall impurity sources is performed using the two-dimension fluid transport code UEDGE for tokamak parameters. Three regimes of edge-plasma response are identified. Comparisons are made between previous results for lithium (from Li or SnLi walls) and fluorine (from the molten salt Flibe walls), and new results for Sn (from Sn walls). Owing to its lower vapor pressure, Sn is found to have the lowest impact on the edge and core plasma. For the Sn wall, the effects of toroidal versus slab geometries are studied, as well as the influence of spatial variations in evaporation fluxes.
Effect of photosynthesis, photosynthetic inhibitors and oxygen on the activity of ribulose 5-phosphate kinase

Abstract Ribulose 5-P kinase is activated up to 4 fold by intact photosynthesizing spinach chloroplasts or by dark incubation of broken chloroplasts with dithiothreitol. The activation by light is blocked by O2, arsenite, iodoacetamide and by dichlorophenyldimethylurea.
Quantum electrodynamic corrections in high-Z Li-like and Be-like ions

Relativistic configuration-interaction (RCI) calculations of the correlation energies of the 2s-2p{sub 3/2} and the 2s{sup 2}{sup 1}S{sub 0}-2s2p{sup 1}P{sub 1} transitions in high-Z Li-like and Be-like ions, respectively, are reexamined. Experimental quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections are obtained by subtracting RCI correlation energies from high-precision x-ray energy measurements. It is found that our QED results are in good agreement with experiment and that screening and relaxation corrections are well accounted for by the use of the Dirac-Kohn-Sham potentials in QED calculations of the one-loop radiative diagrams. Our present QED energies are also in good agreement with recent higher-order QED calculations of the 2s-2p{sub 1/2} transition in high-Z Li-like ions.
Exportin-5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double-stranded RNA binding proteins.

We have identified a novel human karyopherin (Kap)β family member that is related to human Crm1 and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein, Msn5p/Kap142p. Like other known transport receptors, this Kap binds specifically to RanGTP, interacts with nucleoporins, and shuttles between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. We report that interleukin enhancer binding factor (ILF)3, a double-stranded RNA binding protein, associates with this Kap in a RanGTP-dependent manner and that its double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) is the limiting sequence required for this interaction. Importantly, the Kap interacts with dsRBDs found in several other proteins and binding is blocked by double-stranded RNA. We find that the dsRBD of ILF3 functions as a novel nuclear export sequence (NES) in intact cells, and its ability to serve as an NES is dependent on the expression of the Kap. In digitonin-permeabilized cells, the Kap but not Crm1 stimulated nuclear export of ILF3. Based on the ability of this Kap to mediate the export of dsRNA binding proteins, we named the protein exportin-5. We propose that exportin-5 is not an RNA export factor but instead participates in the regulated translocation of dsRBD proteins to the cytoplasm where they interact with target mRNAs.
Multiple excitation collisional activation in Fourier‐transform mass spectrometry

Multiple excitation collisional activation (MECA) has been examined using Fourier-transform mass spectrometry. In analogy to recently reported multiple excitation detection schemes, MECA is a process in which ions are translationally excited to larger orbits by applying an RF signal over the desired mass range. Next, collisional cooling of the ions collapses them, spatially, back to the center of the cell, where the process can be repeated. Two examples of the utility of MECA are given. The first involves a novel way of growing cluster ions by sequential ion/molecule reactions followed by MECA. The second uses MECA to increase the energy deposition in a stable and difficult-to-fragment ion, thereby inducing fragmentation.
Preparing for Restructuring: A Step-by-Step Approach to Building Support

Restructuring a typical high school involves many steps. The steps needed to begin restructuring are out lined and the pitfalls are identified here.
Music and the Myth of Universality: Sounding Human Rights and Capabilities

This article interrogates prevalent romanticized understandings of music’s role in human rights, and suggests new theoretical and practical approaches that foreground questions of efficacy and impact. Music is often described as a ‘universal language’, a notion that suggests that music is both inherently progressive and able to transcend cultural differences. I argue instead for a more complex, constrained view of music and its role in human rights, with a greater emphasis on methods and practice. Based in part on my research and observations in West Africa, I describe and critique common uses of music in human rights and development projects, and outline suggestions for more focused and effective projects. I also suggest conceptualizing music within the capabilities framework, as set out by Sen and Nussbaum. In so doing, the aim of this article is to stimulate new discussion on how music can protect and promote human rights and human capabilities.
Leukocyte adhesion molecules in transplantation.

Dramatic developments in organ transplantation have revolutionized the care of the patient with a failing organ. Despite these advances, however, acute and chronic rejection remain important clinical problems. As reflected by the contributions in this series, in the past decade there have been great advances in our knowledge of characteristics of cellular adhesion molecules and the contributions of those molecules to disease processes. The ground work has been laid for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in allograft rejection, detection of early rejection, and development of therapies that will extend graft survival and improve the care of the transplant patient. We will review some of the roles played by adhesion molecules in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in organ transplantation. At the present time, the organ most commonly transplanted is the kidney. Thus, kidney transplantation will be the focus for much of the discussion. Because of the pivotal role of the leukocyte in the immune response to transplantation, we will limit this review to the leukocyte‐ endothelial adhesion molecules (LAMs). Because of space limitations, this review cannot be exhaustive and will, by necessity, leave out important contributions. Previous articles in this series have extensively reviewed the structure and functions of cell adhesion molecules in select diseases. Because of the rapid changes in this field as well as for the benefit of the uninitiated reader, we will briefly summarize the basic biology and terminology used for the major LAMs.
Densities of electronic states for tight-binding two-dimensional square-lattice ternary alloys AxB1−xC

Abstract The densities of electronic states for model two-dimensional A x B 1− x C tight-binding alloys are calculated for 10 4 -atom crystals, using the negative eigenvalue theorem.
State children's health insurance program reauthorization : Will it get us closer to universal coverage for America's children?

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) was passed by Congress in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 during the Clinton presidency. The legislation appropriated approximately $40 billion for 10 years, 1998–2007.1 By 2003, 4.4 million children were enrolled in separate SCHIPs, and an additional 1.6 million were enrolled in SCHIP-financed Medicaid expansions.1 As of 2006, 7 states (Vermont, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, West Virginia, and Massachusetts) had expanded their SCHIP eligibility to families who are earning at least 300% of the federal poverty level (FPL), which will make almost all uninsured children who are US citizens eligible for public programs. The governors of California, Pennsylvania, Oregon, and Wisconsin have also introduced initiatives that include SCHIP expansions to substantially reduce the number of uninsured children in their states. In 2007, SCHIP must be reauthorized by Congress with a new appropriation of funds to continue to function in 2008. Because SCHIP is a block grant or capped-grant program, a number of states that established programs having higher income-eligibility thresholds, better outreach and marketing, and more streamlined enrollment procedures are projected to have a shortfall in federal support in 2007. For fiscal years 1998 through 2001, the annual appropriation was slightly over $4.2 billion. The appropriation dropped to under $3.2 billion from 2002 through 2004 but then increased to $4.1 billion for 2005 and 2006 and $5.0 billion in 2007.2 Because of greater than anticipated enrollment and per capita expenditures, the states’ total spending of federal SCHIP funds has exceeded the annual appropriations since 2002. The shortfalls of federal SCHIP funds after 2002 were covered by redistributing … Address correspondence to Stephen Berman, MD, FAAP, Children's Hospital, 1056 E 19th Ave, B032, Denver, CO 80218. E-mail: berman.stephen{at}tchden.org
Feeding the disabled child

Feeding difficulty and malnutrition are common in disabled children. Intake may be reduced because of anorexia, chewing and swallowing difficulties, or vomiting. Feeding is often time consuming, unpleasant, and may result in aspiration. Malnutrition may result in impaired growth and neurodevelopment, and impaired cardiorespiratory, gastrointestinal, and immune functions. Multidisciplinary assessment is recommended and should include a feeding history, oral-motor examination, and nutritional assessment. The energy requirements of most disabled children are less than those for a normal child of the same age but may be increased by spasticity, athetosis, convulsions, and recurrent infections. Micronutrient deficiencies may occur even in children receiving nutritionally complete feeds if the volume is reduced because of low energy requirements. Oral intake may be improved by a change of posture, special seating, feeding equipment, oral desensitization, mashing or pureeing of lumpy food, thickening of liquids, use of calorie supplements, and treatment of reflux/esophagitis. Non-oral feeding should be considered when oral feeding is unsafe, not enjoyable, inadequate, or very time consuming. Long-term support requires a gastrostomy. This is less obtrusive than a nasogastric tube, less likely to become displaced, less traumatic, and is associated with improved quality of life, but is also associated with significant morbidity. If there is symptomatic reflux a fundoplication may be required, but this is associated with significant mortality and substantial morbidity.
Principal Component Analysis of the Summertime Winds over the Gulf of California: A Gulf Surge Index

A principal component analysis of the summertime near-surface Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds is used to identify the leading mode of synoptic-scale variability of the low-level flow along the Gulf of California during the North American monsoon season. A gulf surge mode emerges from this analysis as the leading EOF, with the corresponding principal component time series interpretable as an objective index for gulf surge occurrence. This index is used as a reference time series for regression analysis and compositing meteorological fields of interest, to explore the relationship between gulf surges and precipitation over the core and marginal regions of the monsoon, as well as the manifestation of these transient events in the large-scale circulation. It is found that, although seemingly mesoscale features confined over the Gulf of California, gulf surges are intimately linked to patterns of large-scale variability of the eastern Pacific ITCZ and greatly contribute to the definition of the northward extent of the monsoonal rains.
The Predictive Validity of the Florida College Level Academic Skills Test (CLAST) for Predicting Grade Point Average with University Seniors and Recent Graduates

This study was concerned with a determination of the predictive validity of the College Level Academic Skills Test (CLAST) for predicting grade point average among university seniors, and recent graduates. The criterion variable was grade point average (GPA); subjects were 732 seniors, and recent graduates enrolled 1984-1987 at a regional university. It was determined that the moderate correlations with GPA, (i.e., math .290, reading .345, writing .357, and essay .333) suggested that the content (i.e., items) of the CLAST may not be critical to success (i.e., GPA) in the sample studied.
Microcomputers in Teaching Economics

Post examines the role of microcomputers in teaching the first course in economics and describes five lessons that are available to potential users.
Psychometric g is still not unitary after eliminating supposed “impurities”: Further comment on Carroll

The unity of psychometric g was tested after elimination of the chronometric and psychometric variables that Carroll (1991b) conjectures might be related to “impurities” in Kranzler and Jensen's (1991a, 1991b) analyses. Results of this analysis are again inconsistent with the hypothesis that g is unitary and further confirm the conclusions reached by Kranzler and Jensen, that psychometric g is a composite of a number of independent cognitive processes.
The Micro-Macro Link for the Theory of Structural Balance

I consider the principle of structural balance that is commonly characterized with the aphorisms: “The friend of a friend is a friend, the friend of an enemy is an enemy, the enemy of a friend is an enemy, and the enemy of an enemy is a friend.” I study what patterns of friendship and hostility emerge at the macro-level when actors at the micro-level make friends and enemies in accordance with this principle. Recent studies have drawn attention to configurations that are imbalanced with many triadic relations violating structural balance yet jammed because no change in sentiment in any one relation can accomplish a net reduction in the number of violations of structural balance. The existence of such jammed states suggests that individual behavior consistent with structural balance need not aggregate to system-wide satisfaction of the principle. To investigate this I employ a best-response model of sentiment change on a fixed social network. I show that under a broad set of model conditions only configura...
Reliability of Headache Questionnaire Data

Synopsis The self-report questionnaire is the most common data collection procedure used in normative headache investigations. However, reliability data for such an instrument is notably lacking in the headache literature. In the present study, the reliability of questions commonly used in headache questionnaire assessment was evaluated. One hundred and one college students were given a headache questionnaire twice, with three months separating the administrations. As a group, the subjects were very reliable as indicated by highly significant (p <.001) correlations. However, differences were noted when the subject population was divided into “problem headache” and “non-problem headache” groups on the basis of reported headache frequency and severity. There was a tendency for the “problem headache” group to be less reliable reporters of headache severity and accompanying symptoms. Results are discussed with regard to the need for more research into symptom reliability and its facilitative effect on the development of a standard headache assessment instrument.
How Often is Dizziness from Primary Cardiovascular Disease True Vertigo? A Systematic Review

Objectives To assess how frequently cardiovascular dizziness is vertigo. Recent studies suggest providers do not consider cardiovascular causes when a patient reports true vertigo (spinning/motion) as opposed to presyncope (impending faint). It is known that cardiovascular disease causes dizziness, but unknown how often such dizziness is vertiginous, as opposed to presyncopal.
Supporting statistics in extensible databases: a case study

This paper presents a framework for supporting regression in extensible databases. This work is motivated by an actual case study that required probabilistic record matching using regression be supported in a database. We discuss how the regression function can be implemented in a database using rules and functions. We present some indexing and caching ideas for efficient data processing for retrieval-intensive applications. We also describe how the regression coefficients can be incrementally updated by materializing some of the intermediate statistical results. Finally, we illustrate how sampling techniques can be used to generate the data sets for regression and highlight some of the performance issues in this regard. >
Reinforced aluminum as a superconducting magnet stabilizer

The behavior of reinforced, high purity aluminum suitable for use as a superconducting magnet stabilizer has been studied. Wire samples strained cyclically exhibit a saturation value in residual resistance ratio after a few thousand cycles. The percentage change in resistance ratio from its initial value is found to be linear with strain up to strains of 0.0035 for all specimens tested so far. At 0.2% strain this change is 48% by the thousandth cycle. The transverse magnetoresistance of the composite material varies linearly above 2 tesla, which is consistent with previously published data for high purity aluminum. On the basis of these tests, reinforced aluminum appears to be quite suitable for use as a superconducting magnet stabilizer material.
A method for producing random visual textures

Textures composed of randomly shaped black and white areas may be produced from high-contrast photographs of a mixture of white and black-dyed rice. Moderate control of black-to-white ratio and many randomizations at a given ratio are possible. This method is cheaper than computer generation and better controlled than the more inexpensive methods.
Going digital: adoption of electronic health records in assisted living facilities.

This pilot study examines the associations between structural characteristics and the adoption and subsequent use of electronic health records (EHR; resident demographics, clinical notes, medicatio...
Inertial mass of a fluxon in a deformable superconductor

Abstract The time-dependent strain fields induced by a fluxon moving through a deformable superconductor are shown to produce an important contribution to the inertial mass of the fluxon. For a high- T c superconductor this contribution amounts to about 10 10 electron masses per cm of the flux line.
Outcomes of Patients with Central Nervous System Complications After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Outcomes of Patients with Central Nervous System Complications After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Mojtaba Akhtari , Jagar Jasem , James O. Armitage , Vamshi K.S. Balasetti , Philip J. Bierman , Edward A. Faber , Pierre Fayad , Abdul Hadi , Fausto Rodriguez Loberiza , Lori Maness , Armando D.A. Rosales , Julie M. Vose , Robert G. Bociek . 1 Internal medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; 2 College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 3 Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; 4 Internal medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, BMT, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; 6 University of Nebraska Medical Center; 7 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC); 8 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; 9 Univ of Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE; 10 Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
SOME ONE ELECTRON REDUCTION PRODUCTS OF FLAVIN ANALOGS: CYANOISOALLOXAZINES AND DEAZAISOALLOXAZINES

— 8-Cyanoisoalloxazines have been previously shown to form highly stable radical species at basic pH. We have measured the electron spin resonance (EPR) spectra of the radical forms of 8-cyano-10-methyl-3-sulfopropylisoalloxazine (I) at both acidic and basic pH. In both cases. the EPR spectra are similar to those obtained from unsubstituted isoalloxazines. with no indication of hyperfine splitting due to the cyano nitrogen. Laser photolysis of I in the presence of EDTA at basic pH generates two radical species. One of these decays rapidly by a first-order process to produce thc stable radical. The rate of this decay depends upon the initial flavin concentration, thus suggesting a reaction of the radical with oxidized isoalloxazine. The rates of reaction of the radical species with added oxidants (O2, ferricyanide), and the pH-dependence of stable radical formation, indicate that the rapidly-decaying species is the anion radical of I, and that the stable radical is formed by its reaction with oxidized flavin. Laser photolysis of I at acidic pH, as well as of 8-cyano-5-deaza-isoalloxazine at acidic or basic pH, does not generate stable radical species. I-Deazaisoalloxazines do not give radical transients at all upon laser photolysis.
Mechanical Strength Properties for Anisotropic Composites

The existence of a strength functional, which is a function of the stress tensor, is assumed. The invariants for the strength function for each class of composites in the third-order approximation are established. Consequently, the strength functions proposed by Tsai and Wu for triclinic and rhombic materials, and by Gol’denblat and Kopnov for rhombic materials can be obtained readily.
Muscimol Inactivation of the Dorsal Hippocampus Impairs Contextual Retrieval of Fear Memory

Some models of hippocampal function have suggested a role of the hippocampus in contextual memory retrieval. We have examined this hypothesis by assessing the impact of reversible inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) on the contextspecific expression of latent inhibition, a decrement in conditional responding produced by preexposure to a to-beconditional stimulus. In Experiment 1, rats received tone preexposure either in the context that would later be used for extinction testing (context A) or in a different context (context C); a third group of rats did not receive tone preexposure. All rats then received fear conditioning, which consisted of tone‐ footshock pairings, in a third distinct context (context B). The following day conditional fear to the tone was assessed in one of the preexposure contexts (context A) by measuring freezing during a tone extinction test. Rats preexposed and tested in the same context exhibited less freezing to the tone than either rats preexposed and tested in different contexts or nonpreexposed rats. These results indicate that the expression of latent inhibition is context specific. In Experiment 2, DH inactivation eliminated the context-specific expression of latent inhibition. Compared with saline-infused rats, rats infused with muscimol into the DH exhibited low levels of tone freezing independent of whether they had received tone preexposure in the test context or in a different context. Experiment 3 revealed normal contextual discrimination in rats after DH inactivation. These results suggest the DH is required for contextual memory retrieval in a latent inhibition paradigm.
Interobserver discordance in the classification of mechanisms of death in studies of heart failure

Abstract Studies of the mechanism of death in heart failure are dependent on the reliability and validity of classification of deaths as pump failure or arrhythmias (sudden). Two recent trials differed in that the Vasodilator Heart Failure Trial II (V-HeFT II) reported a higher incidence of sudden death than the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Treatment Trial (SOLVD) and an effect of enalapril on sudden death was not observed in SOLVD. A similar classification system was used in the two studies, but deaths in V-HeFT were classified centrally from a narrative summary, whereas deaths in SOLVD were classified in the field by individual investigators. To examine reliability, 10 narratives used to classify V-HeFT deaths were independently classified by 21 SOLVD investigators. In only 5 of 10 cases did 75% of SOLVD investigators agree with the V-HeFT classification. In no deaths were all SOLVD investigators in agreement on classification. Although V-HeFT classified 5 of 10 cases as sudden death, 16 of 21 SOLVD investigators classified less than 5 deaths as sudden and 1 classified none as sudden. The kappa statistic for interobserver agreement of 0.22 (P ≤ .01) indicated interobserver agreement only slightly better than chance agreement. Therefore, the incidence of sudden death in heart failure is critically dependent on the bias of the investigator. Central classification will minimize inconsistencies, but it does not solve the problem that the mechanism of death is difficult to assign. Total mortality may be the only reliable endpoint in heart failure trials.
The mechanism of the activation of papain.

Abstract The predominant form of inactive papain prepared by the method of Kimmel and Smith (1) is shown to be a mixed disulfide formed between a sulfhydryl group on the enzyme and cysteine. Reduction or other nucleophilic cleavage of this bond frees the active thiol of papain and stoichiometric amounts of free cysteine or cysteine whose sulfur atom is covalently bound to the activating nucleophile. It is shown specifically that K 14 CN activation of papain produces 14 C labeled 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ITC) and a stoichiometric amount of free SH on the protein. Performic acid oxidation of inactive papain yields an amount of cysteic acid approximately equivalent to the quantity of ITC obtained in the cyanide activation experiment.
Sangivamycin-like Molecule 6 Exhibits Potent Anti-Multiple Myeloma Activity through Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-9

Despite significant treatment advances over the past decade, multiple myeloma (MM) remains largely incurable. In this study we found that MM cells were remarkably sensitive to the death-inducing effects of a new class of sangivamycin-like molecules (SLMs). A panel of structurally related SLMs selectively induced apoptosis in MM cells but not other tumor or non-malignant cell lines at sub-micromolar concentrations. SLM6 was the most active compound in vivo, where it was well-tolerated and significantly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of MM tumors. We determined that the anti-MM activity of SLM6 was mediated by direct inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), which resulted in transcriptional repression of oncogenes that are known to drive MM progression (c-Maf, cyclin D1, and c-Myc). Furthermore, SLM6 demonstrated superior in vivo anti-MM activity over the CDK inhibitor flavopiridol, which is currently in clinical trials for MM. These findings demonstrate that SLM6 is a novel CDK9 inhibitor with promising preclinical activity as an anti-MM agent.