cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hospital Protocol for the Evaluation of Munchausen by Proxy

The objective of this article is to describe guidelines for creating a hospital protocol for the evaluation, reporting, and treatment of Munchausen by Proxy in the hospital setting, in order to maximize care and minimize legal risks. The creation of a multidisciplinary team is suggested to evaluate and treat the family. Specific aspects of evaluation are addressed. Discussion focuses on risk management and decreasing liability while providing appropriate care to patients, both in the hospital and in the courtroom.
Positive Outcomes of Varicose Vein Surgery: The Patient Perspective

Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly recognized as important to understanding outcomes of medical interventions such as varicose vein surgery (VVS). Our aim was to compare positive outcomes of VVS as defined by several patient-reported measures, and to identify baseline characteristics associated with positive outcomes of VVS. A secondary analysis of the UK Patient-Reported Outcome Measures database was conducted on patients undergoing VVS, in the period 2009–2011 who completed the generic EQ-5D (index and visual analog scale [VAS] summary scores) and disease-specific Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire (AVVQ). Surgical outcome was defined as positive if pre/post change scores exceeded half a standard deviation of mean baseline scores. Logistic regression models were used to identify significant predictors of positive outcomes, including age, gender, and baseline health. Of 9,113 patients analyzed (71 % females, 57 % aged >50 years), positive outcomes were identified in 62 % using the AVVQ, 43 % based on EQ-5D index scores, and 24 % according to EQ-VAS; 10 % improved on all three measures. Patients with poorer baseline functioning (AVVQ scores ≥11) were more likely to have a positive outcome based on the EQ-5D index (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.36) and EQ-VAS (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.14–1.47). Defining surgery as successful will clearly depend on how health-related quality of life (HRQL) is operationalized and the criteria used to identify meaningful change. Across a range of criteria, a consistently greater proportion of patients had positive outcomes in terms of VV-related functioning (via AVVQ) compared with those who improved in terms of generic health (via EQ-index), or self-rated health (EQ-VAS).
Retinoic Acid is a Potent Regulator of Linear Growth |[bull]| 413

Both vitamin A deficiency and excess cause abnormalities of linear growth. Since vitamin A is a retinoid precursor, we hypothesized that retinoids act in the growth plate to regulate longitudinal bone growth. To test this hypothesis, we administered a single oral dose (300 mg/kg) of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) to 5-week old rats. RA decreased the height of the proximal tibial growth plate by 66% (vs. vehicle-treated rats, p<0.0001). To determine whether RA acts directly on the growth plate, whole fetal rat metatarsal bones were cultured for 2 days in the presence of RA (1μM). RA suppressed longitudinal bone growth (-3 ± 10 vs. 80 ± 8 μm/d, RA vs. control, mean ± SEM, p<0.0001). We next assessed each major component of longitudinal bone growth: proliferation, cellular hypertrophy, and cartilage matrix synthesis. RA suppressed cell proliferation to 54% of control (p<0.001, assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation). Autoradiography demonstrated that cell replication was predominantly reduced in the proliferative zone chondrocytes of the growth plate. RA also suppressed matrix synthesis to 55% of control (p<0.001, assessed by35 SO4-incorporation into glycosaminoglycans) and suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy to 5% of control (p<0.001, determined histologically).
Stereochemical analysis of the reaction catalyzed by human protein geranylgeranyl transferase.

Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (PGGTase-I) catalyzes the nucleophilic substitution reaction between the C20 geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and a protein-derived thiol to form a thioether linkage. Here, we describe the stereochemical outcome, at the isoprenoid C1, of the reaction catalyzed by human PGGTase-I. To accomplish this, the pentapeptide N-dansyl-GCVLL was first enzymatically prenylated by human PGGTase-I with either (S)-[1-2H]farnesyl diphosphate or (S)-[1-2H]GGPP. The prenylated products were then degraded to dipeptides using carboxypeptidase Y. After HPLC purification, the prenylated dipeptide products were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The final spectra were compared with the spectra from the same product obtained via chemical synthesis to deduce the stereochemistry of the PGGTase-I-catalyzed reaction. This comparison showed that the reaction proceeds with inversion of configuration with no detectable (<6%) racemization. These results are more consistent with an associative-type...
THE DEFECT STRUCTURE OF ION-IMPLANTED Al x Ga 1−x As/GaAs SUPERLATFICES

Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) has been used to study the defect structure and intermixing of ion-implanted and annealed AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs superlattices. The results show clearly that the layer intermixing depends on mass and energy of the implanted species and the annealing conditions. The temperature and duration of annealing determines mainly the amount of residual damage. In addition it was observed that in all cases the point-defects agglomeration was influenced by the strain field present at the layer interfaces; extended defects nucleate preferentially in the GaAs layers.
Spectroscopic Study of Soil Particle Surface Redox Reactions

influence its solubility, mobility and toxicity. Quantitative examination of redox reactions are challenging in soils for a number of reasons ,including: a lack of reliable analytical methods to study reactions; the heterogeneity of the mineral components and redox systems occurring in nature; the irreversibility or slow approach to equilibrium of many redox reactions; and the probability that many redox reactions are biologically and/or surface-mediated. Traditionally the redox potential of a soil or sediment sample has been determined and quantified electrochemically. Such a measurement reflects a quasi-steady state electronic snapshot of a weighted sum of those redox pairs present in the system and capable of reversibly interacting with a redox electrode at that point in time. Although we know pure mineral surfaces may contribute to redox activity and assume soil surfaces to be active as well, greater understanding is needed. A review of some important factors operating in the soil redox system has recently been prepared Bartlett (1986). Recent advances in spectroscopic techniques suggest the possibility of evaluating in situ redox reactions involving a redox center in a mineral and a redox pair member the solid-liquid interface. by now at Spectral information in the uv-visible region provides structural and atomic level information that is difficult to obtain from other methods. Karickhoff and Bailey (1973) were able to assign specific electronic transitions (primarily associated with Fe, but also for other constituents of clay minerals) to bands observed in the uv–visible regions of the spectra. Johnston et al. (1990) used uv-visible spectroscopy to follow reversible single electron transfer reactions on the surface of transition-metal-containing clay minerals, and Anderson and Stucki (1979) observed changes in
Integrin α5β1-fimbriae binding and actin rearrangement are essential for Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion of osteoblasts and subsequent activation of the JNK pathway

Background Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease of the periodontium, which includes the gingival epithelium, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The signature clinical feature of periodontitis is resorption of alveolar bone and subsequent tooth loss. The Gram-negative oral anaerobe, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is strongly associated with periodontitis, and it has been shown previously that P. gingivalis is capable of invading osteoblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner resulting in inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. It is not yet clear which receptors and cytoskeletal components mediate the invasive process, nor how the signaling pathways and viability of osteoblasts are affected by bacterial internalization. This study aimed to investigate these issues using an in vitro model system involving the inoculation of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 into primary osteoblast cultures.
Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Since first described in 1961, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a common nosocomial pathogen. Substantial increases in MRSA infections among nonhospitalized patients are being reported. Methicillin-resistant S aureus is the most common isolate from skin and soft tissue infections in selected centers in the United States. Community-acquired MRSA strains differ from nosocomial strains in clinically relevant ways, such as in their propensity to cause skin and soft tissue infection and severe necrotizing pneumonia. Clinicians in numerous specialties, particularly primary care physicians, will likely evaluate patients presenting with community-acquired MRSA and should become familiar with the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of and evolving therapeutic and preventive strategies for this infection.
Axillary artery cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in adults: An approach to minimize complications

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for cardiac and pulmonary support in the adult population and as a bridge to transplantation. One of the unique advantages of ECMO is that support can be established through peripheral access with the chest closed. The most common route for peripheral cannulation involves the common femoral artery and vein. Direct cannulation of the femoral artery risks injury to the artery, compromises blood flow to the leg, and is the most common cause of limb complications. In addition, blood flow to the heart and brain is mostly retrograde. This report summarizes our approach for using the axillary artery.
Assessing the Height of Mobility Barriers: A Methodology and an Empirical Test in the UK Retail Grocery Industry1

SUMMARY A profitable niche will have few entrants if the presence of significant mobility barriers impedes entry and, hence, reduces the expected rents for entrants. Identifying sources of mobility barriers is critical in explaining how incumbents can sustain competitive advantage and obtain supranormal profits (excess rents). While much of strategic management research (and strategic group research, in particular) focuses on the pursuit of sustainable performance advantages, there is relatively little empirical research exploring the dynamics of firm movement and the impact of mobility barriers on performance. The paper analyses mobility dynamics and, most importantly, develops a method to identify the location and severity of mobility barriers. The method is illustrated on a database of large multiples in the UK retail grocery industry for the period 1982–1986. It appears that there are two dimensions of strategic change that facilitate movement into profitable niches. Implications for competition and profitability are discussed.
Influence of R-40244 on pigment content of wheat and corn.

Summary: Chlorophyll production by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Mericopa’) and corn (Zea mays L. Merit) was severely curtailed by the experimental herbicide l-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-chloro-4-chloromethyl-2-pyrrolidone (R-40244). A 96% loss in chlorophyll content was observed in wheat seedlings treated with 320 μmol/1 R-40244. In corn 320 μmol/1 R-40244 caused a 40% drop in chlorophyll content. Carotenoid production in both wheat and corn was inhibited by R-40244, 320 μmol/1 of the herbicide causing a 97% reduction in wheat and a 44% reduction in corn. The inhibition of carotenoid production which, in turn, allows chlorophyll to be photooxidized, may represent the mode of action of R-40244. Hill reaction activity was not detected for R-40244. Resume: Influence du RAO 244 sur la teneur en pigments du hieel du maos La production de chlorophylle par le ble (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Mericopa’) et par le maos (Zea mays L. Merit.) a ete considera-blement diminuee par l'herbicide experimental R-40244 (1 -(m-trifluormethylphenyl)-3-chloro-4-chloromethyl-2-pyrro-lidone). Une diminution de 96% de la teneur en chlorophylle a ete observee dans des plantules de ble traitees avec 320 μmol/1 de R-40244. Chez le maos, 320 /imol/1 de R-40244 ont provoque une chute de 40% de la teneur en chlorophylle. La production de carotenoodes a ete inhibee chez le ble et le maos par le R-40244, 320 μmol/1 de l'herbicide ayant provoque une reduction de 97% chez le ble et de 44% chez le maos. L'inhibition de la production de carotenoodes lesquels en retour, permettent la photo-oxydation de la chlorophylle, peut constituer le mode d'action du R. 40244. L'activiteesur la reaction de Hill n'a pas ete decelee pour le R-40244. Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss von R-40244 aufden Pigmentgehalt bei Weizen and Mais Die Chlorophyllproduktion von Weizen (Trilicum aestivum L. ‘Mericopa’) und Mais (Zea mays L. ‘Merit’) wurde durch das Versuchsherbizid 1-(m-Trifluormethylphenyl)-3-chlor-4-chlormethyl-2-pyrrolidon (R-40244) stark verringert. Bei Weizen-pflonzchen, die mit 320 μmol/1 R-40244 behandelt worden waren, wurde ein Ruckgang des Chlorophyllgehalts um 96% beobachtet. Bei Mais fuhrte dieselbe Herbizidmenge zu einer Abnahme um 40%. Die Karotinoidproduktion wurde durch R-40244 gehemmt. So verursachten 320 μmol/1 des Herbizids bei Weizen einen Ruckgang um 97% und bei Mais um 44%. Die Hemmung der Karotinoidbildung, die ihrerseits dazu fuhrt, dass Chlorophyll photooxidiert wird, konnte den Wirkungsme-chanismus von R-40244 darstellen. Ein Einfluss von R-40244 auf die Hillreaktion konnte nicht festgestellt werden.
A Two-Dimensional, Two-Phase, Multicomponent, Transient Model for the Cathode of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Conventional Gas Distributors

A two-dimensional, two-phase, multicomponent, transient model was developed for the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Gas transport was addressed by multicomponent diffusion equations while Darcy's law was adapted to account for the capillary flow of liquid water in the porous gas diffusion layer. The model was validated with experimental results and qualitative information on the effects of various operating conditions and design parameters and the transient phenomena upon imposing a cathodic overpotential were obtained. The performance of the cathode was found to be dominated by the dynamics of liquid water, especially in the high current density range. Conditions that promote faster liquid water removal such as temperature, dryness of the inlet gas stream, reduced diffusion layer thickness, and higher porosity improved the performance of the cathode. There seems to be an optimum in the diffusion layer thickness at the low current density range. The model results showed that for a fixed electrode width, a greater number of channels and shorter shoulder widths are preferred. The transient profiles clearly showed that liquid water transport is the slowest mass-transfer phenomenon in the cathode and is primarily responsible for mass-transfer restrictions especially over the shoulder.
Sequential reduction and fixation for windswept pelvic ring injuries (LC3) corrects the deformity until healed.

Purpose The restoration, and fixation, of normal pelvic anatomy after a windswept type injury can be a difficult endeavor and our purpose is to describe a method to accomplish this.
Heterogeneous integration of thin film compound semiconductor lasers and SU8 waveguides on SiO2/Si

We present the heterogeneous integration of a 3.8 μm thick InGaAs/GaAs edge emitting laser that was metal-metal bonded to SiO2/Si and end-fire coupled into a 2.8 μm thick tapered SU8 polymer waveguide integrated on the same substrate. The system was driven in pulsed mode and the waveguide output was captured on an IR imaging array to characterize the mode. The waveguide output was also coupled into a multimode fiber, and into an optical head and spectrum analyzer, indicating lasing at ~997 nm and a threshold current density of 250 A/cm2.
Magnetic Microactuators for MEMS-Enabled Ventricular Catheters for Hydrocephalus

The most common treatment for patients with hydrocephalus is the surgical implantation of a cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) shunt. A leading cause of shunt failure is the obstruction of the ventricular catheter. The goal of this project is to design a ventricular catheter that will resist occlusion through the use of micromachining and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies. We designed, fabricated, and tested a second-generation magnetic microactuator. The preliminary results show that the fabricated microactuators can produce the force necessary to break an adherent cellular layer grown over the microactuator surface.
Familial recurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula and associated malformations

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) may occur as an isolated malformation or together with other malformations. To determine the recurrence risk of TEF or associated malformations in children and sibs, and to determine the frequency of associated malformations in index patients, we reviewed the Mayo Clinic records of 204 patients with TEF. Also, questionnaires were sent to patients or relatives. Questions were designed to determine whether the patient and relatives had TEF and/or related organ system (including VACTERL) malformations. The VACTERL association is a disorder characterized by 3 or more of the following: vertebral, anal, cardiac, renal, or radial anomalies, and TEF. One hundred twenty-eight families returned a completed questionnaire, and 140 index patients were ascertained based on complete medical records, questionnaire, and/or autopsy. Forty-one (29.3%) of 140 index patients had TEF with one other VACTERL malformation, and twenty-four (17.1%) of 140 index patients had TEF with at least two other VACTERL malformations. Of the 347 sibs of index patients, 5 (1.4%) had one VACTERL malformation each, including 1 sib with esophageal atresia (EA) without TEF. Of the 41 children of index patients, 1 (2.4%) had TEF plus two other VACTERL malformations; another had one non-TEF VACTERL malformation. From our study, the largest reported population of TEF patients to date, we conclude that: 1) nearly half (46%) of patients with tracheoesophageal fistula will exhibit other VACTERL malformations; 2) the recurrence risk for individuals with TEF to have affected children is 2-3%; and 3) there is an increased risk to relatives of TEF patients to exhibit other VACTERL malformations.
Optimizing Field Stress on High-Voltage Insulators

A method is described for optimizing the field stress on HV insulators by modifying their profile, seeking a uniform distribution of the tangential field among the insulator surface. This results in an increase of the onset voltage for surface flashover and in a significant saving of the space of the HV installation. The optimization process was achieved by an algorithm developed for calculating the tangential field Component and mathematical expressions of the profile to be corrected through an iterative procedure. The algorithm was based on a modified charge-simulation technique to satisfy a better matching of the boundary conditions to the electrode and insulator surfaces involved in the HV installation. The algorithm is expanded to study the effect of contamination on the tangential field distribution. It is found that the higher the conductivity of the contamination layer, the higher is the field uniformity along the insulator surface.
TULA-2, a novel histidine phosphatase regulates bone remodeling by modulating osteoclast function

Bone is a dynamic tissue that depends on the intricate relationship between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) for maintaining homeostasis. PTKs and PTPs act like molecular on and off switches and help modulate differentiation and the attachment of osteoclasts to bone matrix regulating bone resorption. The protein T cell ubiquitin ligand-2 (TULA-2), which is abundantly expressed in osteoclasts, is a novel histidine phosphatase. Our results show that of the two family members, only TULA-2 is expressed in osteoclasts and that its expression is sustained throughout the course of osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that TULA-2 may play a role during early as well late stages of osteoclast differentiation. Skeletal analysis of mice that do not express TULA or TULA-2 proteins (DKO mice) revealed that there was a decrease in bone volume due to increased osteoclast numbers and function. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that bone marrow precursor cells from DKO mice have an increased potential to form osteoclasts. At the molecular level, the absence of TULA-2 in osteoclasts results in increased Syk phosphorylation at the Y352 and Y525/526 residues and activation of phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) upon engagement of immune-receptor-tyrosine-based-activation-motif (ITAM)—mediated signaling. Furthermore, expression of a phosphatase-dead TULA-2 leads to increased osteoclast function. Taken together, these results suggest that TULA-2 negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and function.
The mechanical properties of superplastic materials

The relationship between stress and strain rate is often sigmoidal in superplastic materials, with a low strain rate sensitivity at low and high strain rates (regions I and III, respectively) and a high strain rate sensitivity at intermediate strain rates (region II) where the material exhibits optimal superplasticity. This relationship is examined in detail, with reference both to the conflicting results reported for the Zn-22 pct Al eutectoid alloy and to the significance of the three regions of flow.
Analysis of the second stage of the STAR 28 mm two-stage light gas gun

An engineering model of the second stage operation of the 28 mm two-stage light gas gun at the Shock Technology and Applied Research (STAR) facility of Sandia National Laboratories has been developed. It describes the piston motion and loading of the accelerated reservoir (AR) and the coupled projectile motion. The model was developed to better assess the safety of the AR and to determine the significance of various parameters to the gun performance. Validity of the model is supported by calculated results that compare closely with projectile velocity data over a range of piston masses, piston velocities, and projectile masses and correlate satisfactorily with AR diameter growth data in a typical high-performance test. For this test, bounds on the factor of safety (FS) for the piston velocity are determined to be 1.3 < FS < 1.5. Results indicate that the projectile velocity can be increased and the AR loading reduced by changes in the piston density and break diaphragm opening pressure.
The effects of physical and mental stress on cardiovascular reactivity in a group of African American female college students

This research combined two studies to investigate stress reactivity in worriers and nonworriers. The first studies compared changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature elicited by mental stress (mental arithmetic) in eight worriers and eight nonworriers. The second study extended the first by adding a physical stressor (cold pressor) to the methodology while investigating 13 worriers and 14 nonworriers. Results of these two studies indicated that during mental stress, worriers had a significantly greater increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate than nonworriers. This particular response to mental stress suggests that worry may well have a physiological concomitant. The cognitive nature of worry is believed to influence the sympathetic nervous system via beta-adrenergic receptors. The effects of chronic worry on an individual's response to an acute laboratory stressor are discussed.
Hexasubstituted disilanes from chlorosilanes and lithium in tetrahydrofuran

Abstract General procedures are provided for the preparation in satisfactory yields of hexamethyl-, hexaethyl- and 1,2-dibenzyl-1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane from the corresponding R 3 SiCl compounds with lithium metal in THF. Optimal conditions for the preparation of hexamethyldisilane by this procedure were studied. Dimethylphenyl- and diethylphenylchlorosilanes gave the corresponding disilanes when treated with one equivalent of lithium in THF; no secondary cleavage of the SiSi bond occurred under these conditions. Diethylphenylsilyllithium was obtained by lithium cleavage of the corresponding disilane and characterized by reaction with chlorotriphenylsilane to give 1,1-diethyl-1,2,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane.
Variations of alkenone based paleotemperature index (U37K′) during Emiliania huxleyi cell growth, respiration (auto-metabolism) and microbial degradation

Abstract To clarify effects of biological and biochemical processes on the alkenone based paleotemperature index ( U 37 K ′ ), we conducted two series of experiments under a constant temperature: (1) culturing Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP371, axenic strain) throughout exponential growth and stationary phases under a light:dark regime, followed by cell respiration (auto-metabolism) under continuous dark and subsequently by microbial degradation under continuous dark by killing cells and inoculating with natural seawater; and (2) microbial degradation of killed E. huxleyi cells, which were harvested respectively in exponential growth and stationary phases, in natural seawater. Our results showed that alkenone compositions (represented by K37/K38 and K38e/K38m ratios) of E. huxleyi cells differed apparently in different growth phases or in different physiological states. These ratios decreased slightly during cell respiration but changed little during microbial degradation. The U 37 K ′ index varied in different modes: (1) shifting positively (0.13 unit) in cell exponential growth phase but negatively (0.1 unit) in stationary phase; (2) remaining constant during cell respiration even when ∼50% of cellular alkenones were lost; and (3) changing insignificantly during microbial degradation of the senescent cells (survived after cell respiration) and the cells harvested in exponential growth phase but increasing by 0.05 unit during microbial degradation of the cells harvested in late stationary phase. Collective observations in this study imply that the physiological state of cells, production rates of di- and tri-unsaturated alkenones during different growth phases and susceptibilities of alkenones bound with different cellular structures (membrane vs. intracellular energy storage component) during microbial degradation have potential influences on the index and thus on paleotemperature records preserved in sediments.
A Texas Hold'em poker player based on automated abstraction and real-time equilibrium computation

We demonstrate our game theory-based Texas Hold'em poker player. To overcome the computational difficulties stemming from Texas Hold'em's gigantic game tree, our player uses automated abstraction and real-time equilibrium approximation. Our player solves the first two rounds of the game in a large off-line computation, and solves the last two rounds in a real-time equilibrium approximation. Participants in the demonstration will be able to compete against our opponent and experience first-hand the cognitive abilities of our player. Some of the techniques used by our player, which does not directly incorporate any poker-specific expert knowledge, include such poker techniques as bluffing, slow-playing, check-raising, and semi-bluffing, all techniques normally associated with human play.
Exploration of Transients by Switching Capacitors

Induced control circuit transients from energizing the first 230-kV shunt capacitor banks at Pinnacle Peak Substation damaged solid-state devices, caused flashovers at terminal blocks and initiated false supervisory control indications. Simulated, reduced voltage and full voltage switching of 230-kV capacitors were performed to explore the transient problem. The nature of the transient, its transfer mechanism to control circuits, how to reduce it at the source, and how to improve immunity of control circuits to the transient were studied. Simulation tests used actual power circuits in an inservice substation, which were impulsed at 20 kV. Reduced voltage tests were made on an isolated system at 30-50% voltage. Full voltage tests were made on a 230-kV interconnected system. Plastic-jacketed and lead- sheathed control cables and copper-braid- shielded coaxial cable specimens in a variety of grounding and shielding techniques were tested. Radio frequency, electromagnetic and electrostatic components of control circuit transients were measured separately. Transients up to 7,500 volts on unshielded cables were indicated, and frequencies-from 6-80 kHz and 0.4-7 MHz were recorded. Power circuit lumped parameter oscillations and distributed parameter propagation and reflection-type transient components were observed. Unshielded control cables were protected by grounding spare conductors and aluminum trench covers, paralleling two No. 4/ 0 bare ground cables, and installing 0.1 ?F bypass capacitors. Switches with 1 602 resistors per phase were used to suppress transients at the source. With these measures, control circuit transients were reduced to 65 volts for energizing 230-kV capacitors on an interconnected system.
Strontium isotope systematics of base flow in Piedmont Province watersheds, Georgia (USA)

Abstract 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio variations were analyzed in rainfall, shallow ground water and base flow collected from 4 Piedmont streams within the Middle Oconee River basin in northeastern Georgia during the period between March, 2003 and March, 2004. They Sr isotope ratio analyses were accompanied by measurements of stream discharge, rainfall, stable O isotope ratios and major ion and 3 H concentrations. The average Sr ion concentration and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio for the terminal stream basin (the Middle Oconee River) were 23.6 μg/L and 0.7172, respectively. The average 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of the rainwater and shallow ground water were below 0.7125, indicating that most of the Sr in this stream water is input by weathering reactions in deeper ground water, rather than by ion exchange in shallow soil horizons. This is consistent with the higher alkalinity concentrations (∼23–47 mg/L) and specific conductance values (60–113 μS/cm) that characterize stream base flow. Piedmont streams are characterized by lower concentrations of Sr and higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios than average global stream flow. Base flow rates decreased by a factor of 2–3 during the summer months and this is accompanied by increased alkalinity concentrations. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, however, were temporally invariant for a given stream basin and were independent of season, antecedent rainfall, and discharge. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios were unique for each of the 4 basins and a general trend toward higher ratios with increasing basin area was apparent. The inferred contribution from minerals with high Rb contents such as K feldspar and muscovite may have resulted from the greater integration of flow from mineralogically diverse pathways afforded by a larger basin area. The basin specificity and temporal or seasonal invariability make 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios an invaluable hydrological tracer that can be readily employed in mass balance studies of stream flow within the Piedmont Province.
Reciprocal Bootstrap Relationship of the Octet Baryon and the Decuplet Baryon

The reciprocal bootstrap relationship of the octet of ${(\mathrm{\textonehalf{}})}^{+}$ baryons and the decuplet of ${(\frac{3}{2})}^{+}$ baryons is studied making use of the static approximation. If we regard the octet baryon as a ${B}_{8}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{8}$ bound state due to octet and decuplet baryon exchange, we obtain ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{10}\ensuremath{\approx}7{d}^{2}$ and $\frac{d}{f}\ensuremath{\approx}2.2$, where ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{10}$ is the ${\overline{B}}_{10}{B}_{8}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{8}$ coupling constant and $d$ and $f$ are the $d$ and $f$ coupling constants of ${\overline{B}}_{8}{B}_{8}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{8}$ coupling. If octet vector meson exchange processes are included and if we assume the vector theory (gauge theory) of strong interactions, we obtain ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{10}l7{d}^{2}$ and $\frac{d}{f}l2.2$. If we regard the decuplet baryon as a ${B}_{8}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{8}$ bound state due to octet baryon exchange, we obtain ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{10}\ensuremath{\approx}4{d}^{2}$ for the ratio $\frac{d}{f}=2.2$.
SMOKE-FLAVORED CHICKEN ROLLS

SUMMARY— Boned Leghorn fowl meat was seasoned and prepared as all light or all dark meat 2-lb rolls. 6 smoke-flavor treatments were applied to both the light and dark meat rolls. These treatments were liquid brine smoke, concentrated liquid smoke, smokehouse, oil-base smoke, oil-base smoke and cure, and dry smoke. Products were held up to 14 days at 1°C and 5 weeks at — 18°C. Light meat contained more moisture, gave a higher yield, was more tender and exhibited better binding characteristics than dark meat. Cured samples contained less moisture than the uncured. A taste panel gave a higher preference for the products which received the oil-base smoke, oil-base smoke plus cure, and smokehouse. Light meat was preferred to dark, although dark meat was rated more juicy. No significant changes occurred due to freezing or storage, or both.
A developmental study of the semantic structures of children

Three separate studies were conducted to investigate the development of children's affective meaning systems. Semantic differential ratings were made of 20 concepts in one study and 100 concepts in each of the other two studies by S s in grades 2 through 7. The data were analyzed by the principal-factor solution to factor analysis and rotated by varimax and equamax routines. There was evidence for the stability of the Evaluation—Potency—Activity framework even down to the second-grade level. Progressive refinement and differentiation were evident in the unrotated principal-axes factors as reflected in the shift from a predominantly two-factor system, comprised of the Evaluation and Dynamism factors, to the three-factor EPA system.
Study on IEC 61970/61968 based information integration for smart distribution grid

The full information integration and highly unified information model is one of important embodiments of the smart grid connotation and features. According to the requirements and problems of information exchange between correlated systems in smart distribution grid, an information exchange platform for smart distribution grid based on standardized information model of IEC61968/61970, coarse-grained information exchange model of IEC61968, publish/subscribe mechanism and SOA is proposed. The architecture, function requirement and key technologies of this platform are studied. The platform provides a unified information exchange bus supported by standardized information model as well as flexible and efficient message transmission mechanism, achieves realtime, quasi-real-time and non-real-time information exchange between various distribution systems, and supports the business flow and application integration of multiple systems. Based on the information exchange bus, the platform achieve information sharing by the loose coupling means and ensure the flexibility, efficiency, security, maintainability and scalability of information exchange for smart distribution grid.
Familiness and Innovation: Resource Bundling as the Missing Link

Using resource–based logic, we integrate and extend theory and research on familiness and innovation in family firms. Supporting our efforts to do this is the suggestion that recent mixed results r...
Effects of Variant Narrators in Acts 10–11

One of the cruces interpretum regarding the Acts of the Apostles that continue to reappear in scholarly discussions is why some stories are repeated three or more times. Redaction criticism moved the solutions beyond the earlier theories of multiple sources toward a consensus of attributing repetition to Lukan redaction. One contribution from redactional approaches was the awareness of how emphasis is achieved by repeating accounts of events that are especially pivotal to the overall plot of Acts.
Octadecabacter arcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., and O. antarcticus, sp. nov., Nonpigmented, Psychrophilic Gas Vacuolate Bacteria from Polar Sea Ice and Water

Summary Heterotrophic, psychrophilic, gas vacuolate bacteria were recovered from arctic and antarctic sea ice and water. Cellular fatty acid analysis was used to group these isolates. One group herein described as the new genus Octadecabacter , had octadecenoic acid (18 : 1) in excess of 70% of their total fatty acid content. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA of several strains from this group revealed that they were members of the a Proteobacteria and were most closely related to the genus Roseobacter . Further phenotypic and genotypic tests showed that these strains can be distinguished from Roseobacter on the basis of low levels of DNA/DNA hybridization, lack of bacteriochlorophyll a , and because they are psychrophiles. Octadecabacter gen. nov., contains both a north polar species, O. arcticus sp. nov. str. 238, and a south polar species, O. antarcticus sp. nov. str. 307. This genus may be useful for examining the extent of procaryotic biogeographic dispersal.
Spatial Ecology of Northern Pinesnakes (Pituophis m. melanoleucus) in Disturbed and Undisturbed Habitats in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Abstract: The decline in snake populations has been attributed primarily to anthropogenic disturbances, including habitat destruction and fragmentation. We radio-tracked Northern Pinesnakes (Pituophis m. melanoleucus) in a military Target Zone and in the surrounding undisturbed buffer zone at the Warren Grove Gunnery Range in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, USA, to examine differences in spatial movement patterns and behavior. There were no differences in home range size (X¯ = 60.0 ± 32.7 ha), core activity area (X¯ = 10.6 ± 8.2 ha), range length (X¯ = 1294.8 ± 32.7 m), or mean distance traveled per day (X¯ = 65.2 ± 30.1 m) across all snakes, or between sexes (male n = 13, female n = 11), or location within (n = 13) or outside (n = 11) of the Target Zone. However, there were differences between tracking years. Northern Pinesnakes in 2005 and 2006 (n = 13) traveled greater total distance and mean distance per day and had larger home ranges compared to snakes radio-tracked in 2003 and 2004 (...
Perception and information.

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 His torical Roo ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Mapping. Inference . Struc ture . and Mea surement ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 62 STRUCTU.RE FROM EXPERIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 64 Informa tion in Fre quency of Occurrence . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 STRUCTURE FROM CONSTRAINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Informa ti on from Bi ts to Simplicity 65 Information from Group Theo ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 STRUCTURE FROM STATISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . 67 Informa tion in Tex ture Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 67 Information in Do tted Form s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 STRUCTURE FROM NEURAL ANALySIS . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Information in Fourier Componen ts . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ........ . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 STRUCTURE FROM GEOMETRy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 Information . Geometry . and Sta tic Form . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Information . Ge ome try. and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Information for P ercepti on and Acti on . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 75 Informa tion. Topology . and the "Geome try of the Visibles" 75 INFORMATION AND ICONIC MEMORy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 INFORMATION IN NONVISUAL MODALITIES 77 INFORMATION USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Equi valence . Cogni tive Pene trabili ty. and Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Additivity. Integration . and Multimodal Percep tion. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 78 Informa tive Displays 79
Chongmague reveals an essential role for laminin-mediated boundary formation in chordate convergence and extension movements.

Although cell intercalation driven by non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway-dependent mediolateral cell polarity is important for notochord morphogenesis, it is likely that multiple mechanisms shape the notochord as it converges and extends. Here we show that the recessive short-tailed Ciona savignyi mutation chongmague (chm) has a novel defect in the formation of a morphological boundary around the developing notochord. chm notochord cells initiate intercalation normally, but then fail to maintain their polarized cell morphology and migrate inappropriately to become dispersed in the larval tail. This is unlike aimless (aim), a mutation in the PCP pathway component Prickle, which has a severe defect in early mediolateral intercalation but forms a robust notochord boundary. Positional cloning identifies chm as a mutation in the C. savignyi ortholog of the vertebrate alpha 3/4/5 family of laminins. Cs-lamα3/4/5 is highly expressed in the developing notochord, and Cs-lamα3/4/5 protein is specifically localized to the outer border of the notochord. Notochord convergence and extension, reduced but not absent in both chm and aim, are essentially abolished in the aim/aim; chm/chm double mutant, indicating that laminin-mediated boundary formation and PCP-dependent mediolateral intercalation are each able to drive a remarkable degree of tail morphogenesis in the absence of the other. These mechanisms therefore initially act in parallel, but we also find that PCP signaling has an important later role in maintaining the perinotochordal/intranotochordal polarity of Cs-lamα3/4/5 localization.
Scales and scaling in the Kondo model

The thermodynamics of the Kondo model is formulated in terms of coupled integral equations and various properties deduced, in particular the scaling property. Then, with definition of the various scales parametrizing various asymptotic regions of the H-T plane, universal numbers are calculated and, in particular, Wilson's result is obtained analytically.
Effect of dietary amino acids on distribution of alpha-aminoisobutyrate in the rat.

SummaryEffects of dietary amino acids on tissue distribution of α-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) and of total ninhydrin-positive material have been examined in rats previously fed adequate or low amounts of protein. Intubation of casein hydrolysate or of glycine in rats receiving adequate protein increased the distribution ratio for AIB (the amount of amino acid in the tissue relative to that in plasma) in liver, whereas the ratios were decreased in rats receiving a low-protein diet. Ratios after feeding casein hydrolysate were generally decreased in skeletal muscle, heart and brain regardless of prior protein intake; glycine was without effect. Ratios were decreased by both glycine and casein hydrolysate in intestine and kidney. The relative distribution ratio (distribution ratio for ninhydrin-positive material/distribution ratio for AIB) was generally decreased by casein hydrolysate and glycine in all tissues but intestine and kidney. Glucagon altered this ratio only in liver. The results suggest that factors a...
Standardization of I131 solutions by direct comparison of gamma activities.

SummaryA rapid and convenient method for the standardization of I131 solutions is described. A statistical evaluation of the method showed that the standard deviation of the mean for 10 samples was approximately 1%.
On the Outgassing Profile of Comet Hale-Bopp

When Comet Hale-Bopp was first discovered at a heliocentric distance of ~7.2 AU, its activity appeared to be controlled by the outgassing of the highly volatile CO molecule. Its gas production remained CO-driven until about 4 AU when the outgassing became controlled by the less volatile H2O molecule. While the outgassing around this distance is consistent with the sublimation from a large "dirty snowball" composed dominantly of H2O, the subsequent outgassing at smaller heliocentric distance up to perihelion (d ≈ 0.914 AU) falls consistently below the predictions of such a model. In this paper, we use the earliest chemical differentiation model of the cometary nucleus developed by Houpis et al., with a few modifications, to show that the continuous chemical differentiation of a deepening layer of the cometary nucleus which has made multiple passages into the inner solar system can explain comet Hale-Bopp's observed pre-perihelion production rate curve. It also predicts a hysteresis with the gas production rate profiles falling systematically lower post-perihelion. The model suggests that comet Hale-Bopp is a complex combination of dust, clathrate, and volatile (mainly CO), the gas production of which changes from being CO-driven to H2O driven around 4 AU. Furthermore, the thermal insulation provided by a growing dust mantle inside ~3.5 AU causes the H2O production rate curve to flatten-out.
Modified MACE Filters For Distortion-Invariant Recognition Of Relocatable Targets

The original MACE (Minimum Average Correlation Energy ) filters are addressed with attention to the effect of iterative refinements, new database tests (on strategic relocatable objects, missile launch-ers), depression angle and resolution effects on the number of training set imagery required and noise performance. Major attention is given to our new MACE filter algorithms for distortion-invariant pattern recognition: iterative shift filter synthesis, MV-MACE (Minimum Variance-MACE) filters (for improved noise performance), multiple symbolic encoded filters and Gaussian Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE) filters.
Computation of time-dependent laminar flame structure

The time-dependent approach for computing the speed of plane laminar flames in one dimension has been extended by providing a more general formulation which allows the computation of cylindrical and spherical flames in addition to planar flames. A rational approach for obtaining minimum ignition energies of flammable mixtures based on multireaction kinetics has been presented. Examples of flame speed as well as ignition energy for both planar and spherical flames were calculated using a computer program based on the formulation. An appreciable decrease in flame speed was computed when the flame radius was of the same order as the flame thickness. Good agreement has been obtained with (1) Spalding's computation of the hydrazine decomposition flame and (2) experlmental results for the ozone decomposition flame.