cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nnf1p, Dsn1p, Mtw1p, and Nsl1p: a New Group of Proteins Important for Chromosome Segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Previously, antibodies were raised against a nuclear envelope-enriched fraction of yeast, and the essential gene NNF1 was cloned by reverse genetics. Here it is shown that the conditional nnf1-17 mutant has decreased stability of a minichromosome in addition to mitotic spindle defects. I have identified the novel essential genes DSN1, DSN3, and NSL1 through genetic interactions with nnf1-17. Dsn3p was found to be equivalent to the kinetochore protein Mtw1p. By indirect immunofluorescence, all four proteins, Nnf1p, Mtw1p, Dsn1p, and Nsl1p, colocalize and are found in the region of the spindle poles. Based on the colocalization of these four proteins, the minichromosome instability and the spindle defects seen in nnf1 mutants, I propose that Nnf1p is part of a new group of proteins necessary for chromosome segregation.
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals in New York State

Intensive small mammal trapping was conducted in 12 counties in New York state during 1998-2000 to investigate the prevalence and site specificity of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi in, and presence of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say on, the wild mice Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque and Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner and other small mammal species. Previously captured mice (1992-1997) from throughout New York state also were recruited into the study, providing a total of 3,664 Peromyscus from 107 sites in 31 counties. Infection with B. burgdorferi was determined by polymerase chain reaction testing of ear tissue, and rates were determined by species, counties, and regions of the state. B. burgdorferi was detected in 10 small mammal species captured during 1998-2000. Peromyscus captured from Dutchess County in the lower Hudson Valley had the highest infection rate of 21%. The next highest infection rates were in counties within the Capital District: Albany (18%), Rensselaer (17%), and Columbia (13%). From 4,792 small animals examined, we recovered 2,073 ticks representing six species from 414 individuals of 12 mammal species, including 1,839 I. scapularis collected from 315 Peromyscus trapped in five counties. I. scapularis were most often collected from animals trapped in Albany, Rensselear, and Dutchess counties. We used protein electrophoresis of salivary amylase to distinguish between P. leucopus and P. maniculatus species. I. scapularis burdens were 5.7 ticks per P. leucopus and 14.3 ticks per P. maniculatus.
12.1 A rational-conversion-ratio switched-capacitor DC-DC converter using negative-output feedback

Switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters have several advantages over inductive DC-DC converters in that they are easily integrated on-chip and can scale to desired power levels, rendering themselves promising for integrated voltage regulators, especially for small, low-power systems. However, many SC DC-DC converters offer only a few conversion ratios, limiting their use for systems in which either the input or output voltages vary. This is particularly important in wireless systems where battery voltage degrades slowly. [1] proposed a technique to reconfigure cascaded SC converters to achieve arbitrary binary ratios: p/2N, 0 90% efficiency when downconverting from 2V to a 1.1-to-1.86V output voltage range.
The Impact of noise on the scaling of collectives: the nearest neighbor model

This paper presents a theoretical study of the impact of noise on the scaling of a cluster when the processors participate in "local" collectives with their nearest neighbors. The model considered here is an extension of that introduced in [9] for understanding the effect of noise on the scaling of "global" collectives in large clusters. In this paper, the scaling is studied with respect to three fundamental aspects: (1) the distribution of noise: whether it is heavy or light tailed; (2) the temporal independence of noise; (3) the topology of the cluster. When the noise has a "light" tail and is temporally independent, it is shown that the cluster scales well, i.e., the slowdown per phase is just proportional to the (logarithm of the) maximum degree of the communication topology. This implies that for popular topologies such as grids and toruses the slowdown per phase is just a constant factor, which is independent of the number of processors. In the light tailed case, assuming only a weak temporal independence, a general upper bound is derived in terms of an "expansion" parameter of the communication topology. For grid-like graphs this establishes an exponential speedup compared to what was shown for global collective operations in [9].
Delayed increase in extracellular glycerol with post-traumatic electrographic epileptic activity: support for the theory that seizures induce secondary injury.

Early post–traumatic seizures occur commonly and may have adverse clinical consequences. In order to determine the significance of post–traumatic seizures, we performed a prospective assessment of the consequences of epileptic activity by assessing the change in extracellular glycerol levels. Glycerol is a marker of cellular membrane breakdown. Thirteen patients underwent combined electroencephalography (EEG) and cerebral microdialysis monitoring. Two patients had seizures on EEG with associated delayed elevations of glycerol associated with the seizure activity. Higher mean levels of glycerol were present in those patients with seizures compared to those without seizures (p < 0.001). Preliminary evidence suggests that post–traumatic seizures lead to additional membrane injury as reflected by elevated extracellular glycerol levels.
Mechanical Insect Dispenser for Infesting Plants with Greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), mixed in corncob grits were effectively transferred to wheat, sorghum, and pearl millet plants in both field and greenhouse by a mechanical insect dispenser (inoculator or bazooka). Numbers of greenbugs released were determined by the ratio of greenbugs: grit. Over 90% of greenbugs survived in grits for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h at 35, 25, 15, and 5°C, respectively. Infestations produced by greenbug releases from the inoculator were more uniform than those obtained by mass infestation methods. Preliminary observations suggest that the technique also may be useful to infest plant with other aphid species and some Hemiptera.
Stroke systems of care: The sum is greater than the parts.

To improve stroke patient care, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) provided policy recommendations in 2013 for key elements of stroke systems of care, including emergency medical services (EMS) routing policies, use of telemedicine where specialists are scarce, multidisciplinary and protocol-driven in-hospital care, conduction of quality improvement programs, and access to poststroke rehabilitation.1 In 2014, the AHA/ASA considered the evidence for factors that may have contributed to the accelerated decline in stroke mortality over the past few decades and found surprisingly sparse evidence for outcomes improvement resulting from integration of these distinct elements into a stroke system of care.2
Unusual downfield deuterium isotope shift effect on the 31P chemical shifts of dialkyl benzylphosphonates

Abstract A surprising linear downfield effect on the 31P chemical shift of a benzylphosphonate of deuterium substitution on the benzyl carbon has been noted. Its potential usefulness in mechanistic studies is suggested.
Information Resource Construction and Service Modes of Hospital Library under New Situation

This paper has analyzed the characters of resource structure and customer service in hospital library under the situa-tion of rapid development in modern information technology under Internet environment and put forward effective means of information resource construction and reader service modes of hospital library,including establishing special library by com-bining traditional and electronic library,enhancing communication and implementing resource among libraries.
Modeling and simulation of electric propulsion concepts for a multimodal prototype demonstrator

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is planning a prototype demonstration of a novel craft envisioned to have three modes of operation: • Fuel-efficient, good sea keeping mode for open ocean transits • High-speed, shallow water mode • Amphibious mode to enable "feet dry on the beach" capability The disparate operating modes impose discrete requirements on the various elements of the ship propulsion system, opening a wide range of potential solutions. To meet these requirements, each of the contractor teams involved in the T-Craft program is investigating the potential use of advanced electric drive technologies, including medium voltage dc distribution systems. The Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium (ESRDC) conducted a technical evaluation of three electric drive options. This paper discusses the modeling and simulation activities conducted during the initial technical evaluations of the electric drive concepts as well as challenges and potential solutions for higher fidelity modeling of the complex propulsion power systems.
Combined antegrade/retrograde cardioplegia for myocardial protection: a clinical trial.

The role of retrograde coronary sinus perfusion in the preservation of ischemic myocardium is controversial. We evaluated the use of combined antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia in 59 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Nineteen patients were administered antegrade cardioplegia, whereas 40 patients were administered antegrade plus retrograde cardioplegia. Hemodynamic data were obtained before the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial function was assessed by measuring systemic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure, and capillary wedge pressure. Both cohorts were similar in age, incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and previous myocardial infarction. No significant differences were noted in the need for postoperative inotropic support, the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart block, or death. The two groups were similar with respect to cardiac index and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. However, the left ventricular stroke work index, when expressed as a function of its prebypass control value, was significantly improved (p
Long-Distance Licensing in Harmonic Grammar

Positional Licensing constraints can compel a feature to spread to a prominent position such as a stressed syllable. In Harmonic Grammar, this spreading takes a pathological form: over long distances, spreading can be blocked because it would accumulate too many faithfulness violations. The result is an unattested system in which there is an arbitrary upper bound to the distance across which a feature can spread. This defect is remedied here by modifying Positional Licensing so that rather than simply assigning one violation for an unlicensed feature, it assigns violations in proportion to the distance between the feature and its licensor. It can therefore counter faithfulness regardless of the distance between trigger and target. This reformulation necessitates other changes to avoid new problems: Positional Licensing must reward licensed features instead of penalizing unlicensed ones, and it must be couched in Serial Harmonic Grammar. This result provides new support for those theoretical constructs, and it helps clarify the differences between OT and HG.
Predicting outcome after acute stroke with the Functional Independence Measure.

AbstractPrevious studies attempting to predict outcome after acute stroke have been limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent definitions of outcome. The functional status data from the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) as well as social and demographic information from 2,109 stroke survivors were reviewed to determine the possible risk factors for poor outcome. Four measures of outcome were used for this analysis: discharge placement, rate of change of functional status as measured by the FIM, total change in functional status from admission to discharge, and length of stay. The most significant risk factor for discharge to a location other than home was an admission FIM score of less than 60; the relative risk was 3.5. Several other factors, including race, marital status, and age, influenced this outcome. A low admission FIM score was also a significant risk factor for a low rate of change of functional status during the inpatient rehabilitation stay; the relative riskwas 2.2. A low admission ...
Quantification of the d-Ala-d-Lac-Terminated Peptidoglycan Structure in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Using a Combined Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry Analysis.

Induction of vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) involves replacement of the d-Ala-d-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan (PG) stems with d-Ala-d-Lac, dramatically reducing the binding affinity of vancomycin for lipid II. Effects from vancomycin resistance induction in Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 51299) were characterized using a combined solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. Solid-state NMR directly measured the total amounts of d-Lac and l,d-Ala metabolized from [2-13C]pyruvate, accumulated Park’s nucleotide, and changes to the PG bridge-linking density during the early exponential growth phase (OD660 = 0.4) in intact whole cells of VRE. A high level of accumulation of depsipeptide-substituted Park’s nucleotide consistent with the inhibition of the transglycosylation step of PG biosynthesis during the initial phase of vancomycin resistance was observed, while no changes to the PG bridge-linking density following th...
Supernovae and the Value of the Hubble Constant

The Sandage and Tammann (1975) value of the Hubble constant, adjusted to the new distance to the Hyades, is 50 ± 5 km s−1 Mpc−1, where the quoted uncertainty refers to the internal root-mean-square error but not the systematic errors, which are difficult to assess. On the other hand both de Vaucouleurs and van den Bergh, also using classical methods, continue to prefer values nearer to 100.
Abstract 14: T Cells Mediate Angiotensin II-induced Aortic Stiffening

Clinical studies show an association between inflammation and arterial stiffness. We and others have shown that T cells are involved in hypertension; however their role in aortic stiffening is unknown. We hypothesized that T cells mediate angiotensin II-induced aortic stiffening. Using a pressurized myograph system, we determined aortic stiffness and quantified this using a distensibility index (DI), defined as the percent change in aortic outer diameter from 75 mmHg to 125 mmHg. Angiotensin II (490ng/kg/min for 14 days) markedly decreased the distensibility index in C57Bl/6 mice (23.8±5.5 v.s. 8.9±4.1, p -/- mice (18.3±4.0, p -/- mice restored aortic stiffness in RAG-1 -/- (11.9±2.6, p -/- ) and IL-6 -/- mice. Deficiency of INF-γ partially restored aortic distensibility (17.0±3.5 v.s. 8.9±4.1, p -/- mice (19.9±5.9 v.s. 8.9±4.1, p -/- mice. There was no change in elastin abundance with angiotensin II treatment or in different mouse strains. In conclusion, T cells are essential for angiotensin II-induced collagen deposition, vascular hypertrophy and aortic stiffening. Part of these effects could be mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as INF-γ and IL-6. These likely mediate aortic stiffening by altering properties of elastin and collagen such as crosslinking, rather than alter total abundance of these proteins.
Who Holds Your Light? Revealing relationships through a forensic approach to Upper Paleolithic cave art

The study of finger flutings, lines drawn with fingers in the soft surfaces of cave walls and ceilings, allows for the identification of unique individuals within a cave’s context. In early years of research, we were able to identify men, women, and children in some of the 15 caves which have been studied. These led to discoveries as to which individuals were often found together in their movement through the caves. The intimacy of cave spaces with artists working side by side, sometimes in very small spaces, and in a variety of combinations of children and adults, males and females, allows us to begin to imagine the embodied experiences and relationships of these people. Through looking at the cave artists with a forensic approach and a relational lens, we begin to shine a light on themes of intimacy, cooperation, community, and play in the Upper Paleolithic. Finally, this paper considers how our discipline might be radically changed were it to focus research agendas on questions of looking for evidence of intimacy, relationships, and the invisible but powerful impact of the generosity of the human heart in something as simple as holding another’s light in a darkened cave.
GENERALIZED DATA TRANSFORMATIONS

We present a compiler-based data transformation strategy, called the “generalized data transformations,” for reducing inter-array conflict misses in embedded applications. We present the theory behind the generalized data transformations and discuss how they can be integrated with compiler-based loop transformations. Our experimental results demonstrate that the generalized data transformations are very effective in improving data cache behavior of embedded applications.
Increasing use of open conversion for late complications after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Abstract Objective Open procedures are often required for late complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Our aim was to describe the indications for open interventions and their postoperative outcomes and to specifically examine our experience with limited conversions in which problem endoleaks are targeted without endograft explantation. Methods We reviewed patients from 2002 to 2017 who underwent any surgical abdominal aortic operation after a previous EVAR. Baseline characteristics, preoperative imaging, procedural details, and postoperative outcomes were reviewed. The primary end point was 30-day mortality. Results There were 102 patients who underwent open conversion 3.8 ± 3.1 years after EVAR. The numbers increased significantly in recent years, with 18 cases performed in 2016; 48.5% of patients had undergone 1.9 ± 1.0 prior endovascular interventions. The indication for surgical conversion was an endoleak in 85 patients and infection in 15. One patient had a limb occlusion and another a proximal aneurysm. The 30-day mortality was 6.2% in 65 patients treated electively for endoleak but higher in 20 ruptures (40.0%) and 15 infections (40.0%). In a multivariate logistic regression model, independent predictors of 30-day mortality were rupture (odds ratio [OR], 6.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-25.60; P = .005), endograft infection (OR, 8.48; 95% CI, 1.99-36.20; P = .004), and use of a supraceliac clamp (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.47-15.66; P = .009). Transient acute kidney injury (12.8%) and prolonged intubation (11.8%) were the most common postoperative complications. In 65 patients treated for endoleak without rupture, 37 underwent endograft explantation, whereas 28 had a graft-preserving intervention (branch vessel ligation for type II endoleak in 26, external banding of the aneurysm neck for type IA endoleak in 8). Mortality was 8.1% when the endograft was explanted and 3.6% when it was not (P = .63). During 3.0 ± 3.5 years of follow-up, there was one reintervention after endograft explantation (for rupture secondary to type IB endoleak) and two reinterventions after graft preservation (for a new type IA endoleak and a new type II endoleak). Survival was 87.4% at 1 year and 70.9% at 5 years. Conclusions Open conversion is playing an increasing role in the management of late EVAR complications. Endoleaks treated electively by open conversion are reasonably safe and show good midterm durability, even with graft-preserving interventions that avoid endograft explantation.
The Way In: Most Effective Ways to Draw Potential Applicants to MFT Master’s Programs

Successful student recruitment is key to the flourishing of the field of marriage and family therapy (MFT). In this mixed methods study, guided by the theory of planned behavior, we interviewed 21 undergraduate juniors and seniors on their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control with respect to applying to MFT master’s programs within 2 years of graduation. Using their responses, we constructed and administered a survey to 174 participants. The survey included both direct and belief-based measures of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards applying. Overall, subjective norms (i.e., perceived social pressures from family, friends, professors and advisors, and MFT insiders) had the greatest predictive power of potential applicants’ intention to apply. We discuss the implications for MFT student recruitment, and offer specific recommendations.
Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Mobile-Bearing and Fixed-Bearing Total Ankle Replacement.

Background:Outcomes of total ankle replacement for the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis continue to improve. Debate continues whether a mobile-bearing total ankle replacement (MB-TAR) or a fi...
Fault Detection using Empirical Mode Decomposition based PCA and CUSUM with Application to the Tennessee Eastman Process

Abstract In this work, a new algorithm is developed to identify stochastic faults in the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, which integrates Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cumulative Sum (CUSUM), and half-normal probability plot to detect three particular faults that could not be properly detected with previously reported techniques. This algorithm includes three steps: measurements pre-filtering, sensitivity analysis, and fault detection. Measured variables are first decomposed into different scales using the EEMD-based PCA for extracting fault signatures, from which a subset of variables that are sensitive to faults are selected with the half-normal probability plot. Based on the specific variables, CUSUM-based statistics are further used for improved fault detection. The algorithm can successfully identify three particular faults in the TE process with small time delay.
Cognitive aging is not created equally: differentiating unique cognitive phenotypes in "normal" adults.

Abstract Age-related cognitive decline is a public health problem but highly diverse and difficult to predict. We captured nonoverlapping cognitive phenotypes in high-functioning adults and identified baseline factors differentiating trajectories. Three hundred fourteen functionally normal adults (M = 69 y) completed 2+ visits. Participants with sample-based longitudinal slopes in memory or processing speed less than −1 SD were classified as “declining” on that measure; 29 and 50 individuals had slopes less than −1 SD on processing speed or memory, respectively; 2.5% met criteria for both, who were excluded. At baseline, speed decliners demonstrated greater age, inflammation, and cognitive complaints compared with speed-stable adults; memory decliners were more likely to be male and had lower depressive symptoms, gray matter volumes, and white matter hyperintensities compared with memory-stable adults. Baseline speed, TNFα, and cognitive complaints accurately classified 96.3% of future speed decliners; baseline memory, sex, precuneal volume, and white matter hyperintensities accurately classified 88.5% of future memory decliners. There are discrete cognitive aging phenotypes reflecting nonoverlapping vulnerabilities in high-functioning adults. Early markers can predict cognition even within the “normal” spectrum and underscore therapeutic targets.
Modernizing the clinical risk score to more accurately predict survival following resection of colorectal liver metastases.

To date, the National Cancer Institute, NIH estimates 140,250 new colorectal cancer cases for 2018 (1). Out of this population, 20% will present with synchronous metastatic disease and up to 50% will develop metastatic disease. Moreover, in those who develop metastases, the liver is involved 80% of the time. Although historical controls found rare survivors to be noted at 3 years and a median overall survival of 6–12 months in untreated but potentially resectable patients; modern data has found that a multidisciplinary approach incorporating surgical extirpation may allow for up to 55% and 24% actual 5- and 10-year survivors (2,3).
What is Quantitative Intertextuality

Intertextuality is the shaping of a text’s meaning by other texts.With roots in literary theory, the examination of this phenomenon has long been a fixture in disciplines in the humanities such as semiotics, comparative literature, classical studies and others concerned with the provenance of information. Julia Kristeva, who coined the term intertext, suggested, “Any text is constructed as a mosaic of quotations; any text is the absorption and transformation of another.„ Such a broad framing lends itself to diverse types of communication –not all intertexts are traditional literary forms, such as allusion. Importantly, there are many practical examples of intertextuality we encounter on a regular basis. From Internet memes to plagiarism, all sources are worthy of rigorous study. The challenge is in scaling up the analysis to match the data sources of interest, many of which are the size of a digital library or greater – far more information than any one reader can process. Thus, in this chapter, we begin to develop a new notion of quantitative intertextuality, the study of intertextuality through computational means. Quantitative intertextuality draws upon existing fields within the digital humanities, specifically authorship attribution and text reuse detection. To place this new work in the proper context, we review the work in these areas, and explore where quantitative intertextuality begins to diverge
Sequential Processing of GNSS-R Delay-Doppler Maps to Estimate the Ocean Surface Wind Field

Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements of ocean winds present a challenge because the surface wind speed cannot be assumed homogeneous over the large glistening zone observable from orbit. The 25-km resolution requirement of the Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) mission limits wind speed retrievals to using only a small fraction of the delay-Doppler map (DDM) near the specular point. This paper presents a new method to invert a larger portion of the DDM and estimate the wind field within a swath defined by the maximum delay. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to combine a series of DDMs and estimates the wind speed on a uniformly gridded ocean surface exploiting the large overlap between sequential looks. Wind retrievals at the specular point using simulated data generated using wind fields from two hurricanes (Danielle and Earl, 2010) were found to meet the CYGNSS measurement requirements (2 m/s for U 20 m/s) and perform better than a typical single-point observable. Wind retrievals were also found to meet these requirements below 20 m/s within a 90-km swath and meet them for hurricane-force winds ( $17 \times 11$ ) DDM, demonstrating benefits of sequential processing within a limited data budget. Delay-Doppler ambiguities introduced noticeable artifacts in circumstances where the wind varies asymmetrically within the observed ( $90\times 90$ km) surface area but did not appear to affect specular point wind retrievals.
Comment on “Re-Examining the Contribution of Public Health Efforts to the Decline in Urban Mortality”

We address points raised by Anderson et al. (2020), which commented on our prior work. After correcting unambiguous data mistakes, our revised estimates suggest that municipal water disinfection (filtration) explains 38% of the total mortality rate decline in our sample cities and years – a result not very different from our 43% original estimate. However, effects on infant mortality rates are smaller than in our original analysis. Much of the difference between ACR’s analyses and ours is due to the coding of partial intervention years and to differences in population denominators, for which ideal data are difficult to find.
Task Deconstruction of Colonic Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (cESD): An Expert Consensus.

Slow adoption of colonic ESD (cESD) in the US is multifactorial due to: lack of clinical training construct (e.g., gastric ESD in Japan), complication risks, and technical difficulty. More than 28,000 patients/year undergo colonic resection for benign lesions that could be managed effectively with cESD. Selected patients could avoid surgery if procedural adoption of cESD increased due to more accessible training. Current US cESD training is scarce, and existing programs are piecemeal. There is a need to develop an effective national training program for practicing endoscopists. A prerequisite to training development is a comprehensive task list delineating procedural steps. The aim of this work was to describe an evidence-based method of deconstructing cESD into the essential steps to provide a task list to guide teaching and assessment. Subject-matter experts (SMEs) performed a literature review to create an initial procedural step list. Eleven clinical cESD SMEs and four educational SMEs formed a ‘cESD Working Group’ to develop consensus regarding steps. Through a two-stage modified Delphi process, a consensus on a comprehensive standard cESD deconstructed task list was reached. The aim was to standardize cESD teaching to efficiently bring a novice to safe performance. A literature review identified eight initial cESD steps. First-round Delphi consensus was gained on seven steps. Semi-structured focus group discussions resulted in consensus on a modified version of 7 of the initial steps, with addition of two steps. Consensus on procedural actions needed to perform each step was achieved after the hands-on laboratory. The final result was a ten-step deconstructed task list for standard cESD. The development of a standardized cESD procedural task list provides a foundation to safely and efficiently teach cESD to practicing endoscopists. This list can be used to develop a training pathway to increase procedural adoption. Selected patients currently undergoing colonic resections could benefit from increased adoption of cESD.
Chapter 5 – Interaction Design

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses issues relevant in designing interaction sequences for interactive systems. The goal of interaction design is to specify the mechanisms for accessing and manipulating task information. As in all aspects of system development, designers have many options to choose from in designing a user interaction. Their goal is to compose and sequence user-system exchanges in a way that is intuitive, fluid, and pleasant for the task at hand. Doing this depends on understanding the details of the usage situation. Norman's Gulf of Execution provides an overarching framework for understanding the planning and execution of interaction sequences. Giving the user control is important in an interaction design, but this may come with an increase in task management. Common interaction sequences should be amenable to optimization through good defaults, fast paths, or custom creation of macros. Task decomposition through menu selection is a powerful technique for simplifying and guiding plan development, but can backfire if the decomposition does not match the user's mental model of the task. All systems should support undo sequences, but an effective undo scheme requires an analysis of how users think about their behavior, so that it reverses actions in predictable ways. During interaction design, many details will be predetermined by the software packages supporting a development team. These packages should be carefully examined for interaction options and associated effects on planning and execution. The use of storyboards as a detailed analysis technique was also illustrated.
Cell type- and species-specific host responses to Toxoplasma gondii and its near relatives.

Toxoplasma gondii is remarkably unique in its ability to successfully infect vertebrate hosts from multiple phyla and can successfully infect most cells within these organisms. The infection outcome in each of these species is determined by the complex interaction between parasite and host genotype. As techniques to quantify global changes in cell function become more readily available and precise, new data are coming to light about how (i) different host cell types respond to parasitic infection and (ii) different parasite species impact the host. Here we focus on recent studies comparing the response to intracellular parasitism by different cell types and insights into understanding host-parasite interactions from comparative studies on T. gondii and its close extant relatives. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.
Using Stimulus Equivalence-Based Instruction to Teach Young Children to Sort Recycling, Trash, and Compost Items

Equivalence-based instruction (EBI) refers to a set of procedures in which overlapping conditional discriminations among stimuli are taught, resulting in the emergence of additional derived relations without further training. In the present study, EBI was used to teach 3 young children 3 four-member classes of stimuli related to recycling, trash, and compost items. The class members were the textual category names (Stimulus A), recycle/trash/compost symbols (Stimulus B), pictures of the designated colored bins (Stimulus C), and pictures of recycling/trash/compost items (Stimulus D). During training of the baseline relations and testing of derived relations, stimuli were presented using a match-to-sample format with cards in a binder. Generalization of class-consistent responding was programmed for by using multiple exemplars of the B and D stimuli (i.e., symbols and items, respectively). During item-sorting generalization tests, 3-dimensional objects representing each class member were used instead of the cards to allow for sorting of actual recycling, trash, and compost items into bins. A multiple-baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effects of EBI. Following EBI, all participants demonstrated the emergence of the equivalence classes as evidenced by class-consistent selection responses during tests for derived relations with the textual and picture stimuli cards. More importantly, responding generalized to accurate sorting of 3-dimensional recycling, trash, and compost items into specific bins appropriate for each item. These skills also maintained at a 1-week follow-up. Thus, the present study demonstrates an effective procedure to teach sorting of waste materials to young children.
Investment Bankers as Underwriters: Barbarians or Gatekeepers? a Response to Brent Horton on Direct Listings

Direct listing clearly has the potential to meaningfully disrupt the IPO process. Changes to permit primary offerings via direct listing will help private companies to overcome some of the obstacles imposed by our securities laws and listing rules. Primary offerings by direct listing would allow for a dramatic increase in efficiency in public offerings, providing further incentive for private companies to finally provide liquidity to their shareholders while saving on the tremendous cost associated with a more traditional IPO by eliminating the need for underwriters. Despite the positive impacts that direct listings will have on the IPO process, in their current form, they do present a variety of potential risks to investors. Corporate governance concerns, particularly as they relate to dual-class ownership structures and indefinite founder control, have already begun to manifest in recent direct listings. Investors run into both short and long-term risks if the rules around direct-listings are left as they currently stand: largely undefined and filled with unknowns. Without regulatory action, companies will continue to push the boundaries of what is possible with such filings, with investors along for the ride.
Hybrid Approach to Incorporate Preventive Maintenance Effectiveness into Probabilistic Pavement Performance Models

AbstractVarious methodologies are being developed to build and improve probabilistic pavement performance models that have high prediction capabilities. However, the effectiveness of preventive mai...
Tell Me a Good Story and I May Lend You Money: The Role of Narratives in Peer-to-Peer Lending Decisions

Abstract This research examines how identity claims constructed in narratives by borrowers influence lender decisions about unsecured personal loans. Specifically, do the number of identity claims and their content influence lending decisions, and can they predict the longer-term performance of funded loans? Using data from the peer-to-peer lending website Prosper.com, the authors find that unverifiable information affects lending decisions above and beyond the influence of objective, verifiable information. As the number of identity claims in narratives increases, so does loan funding, whereas loan performance suffers, because these borrowers are less likely to pay back the loan. In addition, identity content plays an important role. Identities focused on being trustworthy or successful are associated with increased loan funding but ironically are less predictive of loan performance than other identities (i.e., moral and economic hardship). Thus, some identity claims aim to mislead lenders, whereas other...
Preservation Rhinoplasty: Evolution and Current State of Practice in the United States.

Classic Joseph hump reduction techniques have been a hallmark of current rhinoplasty practice and teaching. Recently, there has been a renewed global interest in preservation rhinoplasty techniques, although these techniques are not new. The work and techniques of innovative surgeons including Goodale, Lothrop, and Cottle describing preservation concepts from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century were not as prevalently adopted as open structural approaches. As such, there has been a relative paucity in both research and teaching of preservation techniques—particularly in the United States. A survey of members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and The Rhinoplasty Society (145 respondents) demonstrates that while 15 (10%) of surgeons are not at all familiar with dorsal preservation surgery, 130 (90%) were. In the group that was familiar with dorsal preservation, the majority were only somewhat familiar (84, 65%) with these techniques. Only 11 respondents received any formal training in dorsal preservation techniques during residency or fellowship. 61 (42%) had attended a course or conference in which dorsal preservation techniques were discussed. One-hundred twenty-two survey respondents (84.1%) do not currently implement preservation techniques into their rhinoplasty practice. Twelve (8%) respondents implement it in 50% of cases. As research and formal training in preservation rhinoplasty grow, familiarity and implementation of these techniques will likely also grow in the United States.
Everyday equalities: making multicultures in settler colonial cities: by Ruth Fincher, Kurt Iveson, Helga Leitner, and Valerie Preston, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2019, viii+262 pp., $27.00 (paperback), ISBN 9780816694648

The United Nations estimates that by 2050, approximately 67 per cent of the world’s people will live in cities. One phenomenon linked to large-scale movement to cities is the emergence of multigrou...
UltraSE: single-channel speech enhancement using ultrasound

Robust speech enhancement is considered as the holy grail of audio processing and a key requirement for human-human and human-machine interaction. Solving this task with single-channel, audio-only methods remains an open challenge, especially for practical scenarios involving a mixture of competing speakers and background noise. In this paper, we propose UltraSE, which uses ultrasound sensing as a complementary modality to separate the desired speaker's voice from interferences and noise. UltraSE uses a commodity mobile device (e.g., smartphone) to emit ultrasound and capture the reflections from the speaker's articulatory gestures. It introduces a multi-modal, multi-domain deep learning framework to fuse the ultrasonic Doppler features and the audible speech spectrogram. Furthermore, it employs an adversarially trained discriminator, based on a cross-modal similarity measurement network, to learn the correlation between the two heterogeneous feature modalities. Our experiments verify that UltraSE simultaneously improves speech intelligibility and quality, and outperforms state-of-the-art solutions by a large margin.
Study to Compare Capsule and Liquid Formulations of Enzalutamide After Single-Dose Administration Under Fasting Conditions in Prostate Cancer.

Lessons learned Limited evidence suggests an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile when enzalutamide is administered via a liquid formulation extracted from the commercially available liquid-filled soft-gelatin capsules. Tolerability may limit use in clinical practice. Background Enzalutamide is an established standard-of-care treatment for advanced prostate cancer with a commercially available formulation that may be inconvenient for some patients. We proposed a study to evaluate the bioequivalence of a liquid formulation to provide an alternative method of administration. Methods This was a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover pilot bioequivalence study to compare two oral formulations of enzalutamide: four enzalutamide 40 mg liquid-filled soft-gelatin capsules (commercially available) administered whole versus enzalutamide 160 mg liquid (extracted from capsules) administered via oral syringe. To assess bioequivalence, patients were randomized to receive a single dose of one formulation, then cross over to receive the alternative formulation following a 42-day washout period; serial plasma samples were collected over the course of 24 hours, followed by collections at 3, 8, and 42 days after the dose for both formulations. Bioequivalence of the formulations was assessed via comparisons of area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) calculations per U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. The study also assessed the safety and tolerability of the formulations. Results The study failed to meet proposed accrual, with only one patient enrolled, thus limiting the bioequivalence evaluation. Based on the data from a single patient, the drug exposure (measured by AUC) of enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide (primary active metabolite) for the liquid formulation was 112% and 117%, respectively, compared with the capsule formulation. Although both formulations appeared well tolerated with no adverse events reported, the tolerability assessment questionnaire revealed an unpleasant taste of the liquid formulation. Conclusion Preliminary evidence suggests a similar pharmacokinetic profile when administering liquid extracted from enzalutamide soft-gelatin capsules compared with intact capsules in patients with prostate cancer.
Reliability of claims-based measures used to assess cancer care quality.

42Background: As value-based payment models for cancer care expand, the need for measures which reliably assess the quality of care provided increases. This is especially true for models like the O...
Rectal Cancer Treatment Management: Deep-Learning Neural Network Based on Photoacoustic Microscopy Image Outperforms Histogram-Feature-Based Classification

We have developed a novel photoacoustic microscopy/ultrasound (PAM/US) endoscope to image post-treatment rectal cancer for surgical management of residual tumor after radiation and chemotherapy. Paired with a deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN), the PAM images accurately differentiated pathological complete responders (pCR) from incomplete responders. However, the role of CNNs compared with traditional histogram-feature based classifiers needs further exploration. In this work, we compare the performance of the CNN models to generalized linear models (GLM) across 24 ex vivo specimens and 10 in vivo patient examinations. First order statistical features were extracted from histograms of PAM and US images to train, validate and test GLM models, while PAM and US images were directly used to train, validate, and test CNN models. The PAM-CNN model performed superiorly with an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98) compared to the best PAM-GLM model using kurtosis with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.82-0.83). We also found that both CNN and GLMs derived from photoacoustic data outperformed those utilizing ultrasound alone. We conclude that deep-learning neural networks paired with photoacoustic images is the optimal analysis framework for determining presence of residual cancer in the treated human rectum.
Aligning Fiscal and Environmental Sustainability

The future of environmental sustainability will be driven by the capacity of local, state and federal levels of government to develop fiscal sustainability. For example, in the case of the Alameda Corridor in Los Angeles County environmental sustainability advanced only because of the fiscal sustaina-bility of the project. The environmental improvements of reducing particu-late car and truck pollutants, as well as remediation of underground water pollution, were financed by the innovative public–private partnership that generated revenues to pay for long-neglected environmental degradations (Callahan 2007).The Alameda Corridor rail construction case illustrates a small but emerging set of cases showing local government leaders linking fiscal deci-sions to environmental issues (Wang et al. 2013), as well as the connection of public administration and environmental sustainability (Fiorino 2010). In research on leadership adaptation to fiscal stress, a recent set of case studies offered practical lessons for connecting fiscal and environmental sustainability (Pisano and Callahan 2012; 2013). These practices include: framing fiscal stress as a catalyst for addressing long-term natural resource needs, done recently in San Bernardino County; developing fiscal expertise before a crisis, in Los Angeles County; and more inclusive budget processes to develop trust, as found in the Whittier School District (Rubio-Cortes 2012). The findings from these and other cases offer actionable lessons for leaders in the public sector and communities to link environmental and fiscal sustainability. This chapter describes examples of fiscal sustainability that can fund environmental sustainability.In part, this chapter draws on the recent findings from a three-year research project on local government fiscal sustainability funded by the Haynes Foundation. In this research, local government is not synonymous with small units of government. The eight case studies include a fiscal giant of local government, Los Angeles County, with over a $23 billion annual budget; San Bernardino, the largest geographic county in the USA; and the large cities of Long Beach (McGrath 2012b) and Santa Ana with