cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EMACS: Efficient MBIST architecture for test and characterization of STT-MRAM arrays

Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) is an emerging memory technology which exhibits non-volatility, high density, high endurance and nanosecond read and write times. These attributes of STT-MRAM make it suitable for last level embedded caches. However, defect models, faults and test architectures for emerging memory technologies are relatively unexplored. This is further aggravated by the fact that STT-MRAM, like other post-CMOS technologies rely on novel physics of operation, which can result in unexplored read, write and retention fault models. In particular, the stochastic retention failure of STT-MRAM has a large impact on the test time. Conventional test schemes for retention of STT-MRAM need to be redesigned and optimized for testing large STT-MRAM arrays. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of read, write and retention tests in STT-MRAM arrays. Resistive and capacitive defects and the corresponding faults are studied. A novel MBIST architecture and associated circuits are presented for measuring thermal stability (and hence retention times) in STT-MRAM bits for characterization and manufacturing tests, amidst variations and magnetic coupling. Trade-offs between fault localization, area overhead and test-times are presented.
Malignant Melanoma of the Renal Pelvis Presenting as a Primary Tumor

AbstractWe report a case of malignant melanoma of the renal pelvis presenting as a primary tumor and review the relevant literature.
Is cancer information exchanged on social media scientifically accurate

186Background: Cancer patients and their caregivers are increasingly using social media as a platform to share cancer experiences, connect with support, and exchange cancer-related information. Yet...
The tool for the automatic analysis of lexical sophistication (TAALES): version 2.0

This study introduces the second release of the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES 2.0), a freely available and easy-to-use text analysis tool. TAALES 2.0 is housed on a user’s hard drive (allowing for secure data processing) and is available on most operating systems (Windows, Mac, and Linux). TAALES 2.0 adds 316 indices to the original tool. These indices are related to word frequency, word range, n-gram frequency, n-gram range, n-gram strength of association, contextual distinctiveness, word recognition norms, semantic network, and word neighbors. In this study, we validated TAALES 2.0 by investigating whether its indices could be used to model both holistic scores of lexical proficiency in free writes and word choice scores in narrative essays. The results indicated that the TAALES 2.0 indices could be used to explain 58% of the variance in lexical proficiency scores and 32% of the variance in word-choice scores. Newly added TAALES 2.0 indices, including those related to n-gram association strength, word neighborhood, and word recognition norms, featured heavily in these predictor models, suggesting that TAALES 2.0 represents a substantial upgrade.
Party Animals of the 2016 Presidential Primaries: Political Cartoon Representations of the Republican and Democratic Parties:

This analysis of political cartoon coverage of the 2016 presidential primaries found considerable attention given to the political parties themselves, as well as issues, and controversies the parti...
Positive and Negative Peer Influence in Residential Care

The potential for negative peer influence has been well established in research, and there is a growing interest in how positive peer influence also impacts youth. No research, however, has concurrently examined positive and negative peer influence in the context of residential care. Clinical records for 886 residential care youth were used in a Hierarchical Linear Model analysis to examine the impact of negative and positive peer influence on naturally occurring patterns of serious problem behavior over time. Negative peer influence, where the majority of youth in a home manifested above the average number of serious behavior problems, occurred 13.7% of the time. Positive peer influence, where the majority of youth manifested no serious problem behaviors for the month, occurred 47.7% of the time. Overall, youth problem behavior improved over time. There were significantly lower rates of serious problem behavior in target youth during positive peer influence months. Conversely, there were significantly higher rates of serious problem behaviors in target youth during negative peer influence months. Negative peer influence had a relatively greater impact on target peers' serious behavior problems than did positive peer influence. Caregiver experience significantly reduced the impact of negative peer influence, but did not significantly augment positive peer influence. Months where negative peer influence was combined with inexperienced caregivers produced the highest rates of serious problem behavior. Our results support the view that residential programs for troubled youth need to create circumstances that promote positive and control for negative peer influence.
The Plasma Lipoproteins: Current Concepts of Metabolism and Structure with Clinical Implications

The work I will summarize on the plasma lipoproteins comes from many laboratories and has been recently reviewed in considerable detail (1–5). I will emphasize information which is pertinent to structure and metabolism with clinical medicine, beginning with definitions and classifications. All of the plasma lipoproteins appear spherical in negatively stained electron micrographs (Fig. 1). The chylomicrons, which carry dietary triglyceride, are the largest of the particles and are elevated in Type I and V hyperlipoproteinemia by the Fredrickson, Levy and Lees typing system. The very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are the second largest in size. They carry the triglyceride made endogenously in the body and are increased in concentration in types IIb, III, IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia. The low density lipoproteins (LDL) carry one-half to two-thirds of the cholesterol and are high in types IIa and IIb. The high density or alpha-lipoproteins do not enter the typing classification but may be very important in atherosclerosis. There is also a family called intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), which have a density between VLDL and IDL. Clinical interest in lipoproteins in recent years is due largely to the known risk of hyperlipoproteinemia in the development of premature atherosclerosis.
Spoken Word Recognition in the Visual World Paradigm Reflects the Structure of the Entire Lexicon

When subjects are asked to move items in a visual display in response to spoken instructions, their eye movements are closely time-locked to the unfolding speech signal. A recently developed eye-tracking method, the “visual world paradigm”, exploits this phenomenon to provide a sensitive, continuous measure of ambiguity resolution in language processing phenomena, including competition effects in spoken word recognition (Tanenhaus, SpiveyKnowlton, Eberhard, & Sedivy, 1995). With this method, competition is typically measured between names of objects which are simultaneously displayed in front of the subject. This means that fixation probabilities may not reflect competition within the entire lexicon, but only that among items which become active because they are displayed simultaneously. To test this, we created a small, artificial lexicon with specific lexical similarity characteristics. Subjects learned novel names for 16 novel geometric objects. Objects were presented with high, medium or low frequency during training. Each lexical item had two potential competitors. The crucial comparison was between high-frequency items which had either high- or low-frequency competitors. In spoken word recognition, performance is correlated with the number of frequencyweighted neighbors (phonologically similar words) a word has, suggesting that neighbors compete for recognition as a function of frequency and similarity (e.g., Luce & Pisoni, 1998). We found that in the visual world paradigm, fixation probabilities for items with high-frequency neighbors were delayed compared to those for items with low-frequency neighbors, even when the items were presented with unrelated items. This indicates that fixation probabilities reflect the internal structure of the lexicon, and not just the characteristics of displayed items.
Defining Fitness in Natural and Domesticated Populations

The term ‘fitness’ has been applied differently and with different definitions throughout the history of population genetics. Five concepts and definitions are presented~– distinguishing (phenotypic) fitness, (genotypic) fitness, adaptedness, adaptability and durability. While the heritabilities of fitness components are low, substantial genetic change is achievable, and breeding programs should include in the breeding objectives genotypic fitness (for known QTLs) and fitness traits such as fertility and longevity, as well as production traits.
Ganglionic hamartoma of the intracanalicular acoustic nerve causing sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective This article highlights the clinical presentation and treatment issues of ganglionic hamartoma of the internal auditory canal and emphasizes the similarity of this lesion to acoustic neuroma regarding its audiologic and radiographic characteristics. Study design This article is composed of case reports and a literature review. Setting The study was performed at a university hospital/tertiary referral center. Patient A patient with biopsy-proven ganglionic hamartoma of the acoustic nerve was studied. Intervention Intervention consisted of surgical therapy. Main outcome measure The main outcome measure was clinical evaluation. Results The result was successful removal of lesions with facial nerve preservation. Conclusions An intracanalicular ganglionic hamartoma resulted in progressive sensorineural hearing loss and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of small acoustic neuroma. This lesion, composed of an admixture of ganglion cells, fibroadipose-tissue, and normal myelinated axons, although rare, should be added to the differential diagnosis of internal auditory canal lesions.
Structure/Property Behavior of Additively Manufactured (AM) Materials: Opportunities and Challenges

The certification and qualification paradigms required for additively manufactured (AM) metals and alloys must evolve given the absence of any broadly accepted “ASTM- or DIN-type” AM certification/qualification processes or fixed AM-material produced specifications. This is in part due to the breath of the evolved microstructures produced across the spectrum of AM manufacturing technologies including powder bed and directed energy systems. Accordingly, design and microstructure optimization, manufacture, and thereafter implementation and insertion of AM-produced materials to meet the wide range of engineering applications requires detailed quantification of the structure/property behavior of AM-materials, across the spectrum of metallic AM methods, in comparison/contrast to conventionally-manufactured metals and alloys. The scope of this talk is a discussion of some present opportunities and challenges to achieving qualification and certification of AM produced metals and alloys for engineering applications.
SP0052 Posttranslational modification of autoantibodies in ra

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies serve as interesting biomarkers. In a large proportion of the patients several types of autoantibodies are present that target post-translationally modified proteins. Next to antibody responses against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) we now also describe antibody responses against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) in RA. The use of these autoantibodies in the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis will be discussed, as well as the clues, obtained in animal models, as to how such an antibody response may be initiated. In addition the findings that antibodies themselves are also post-translationally modified and the functional consequences of such modifications will be highlighted both regarding carbamylation of IgG and modifications of ACPA IgG. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Analysis of tangential contact boundary value problems using potential functions

This paper presents an analysis technique of high-order contact potential problems and its application to an elastic settlement analysis of a shallow foundation system subjected to a combined traction boundary condition. Closed-form solutions of potential functions are derived for an elastic half-space subjected to bilinear tangential traction boundary conditions over rectangular surface regions. Using the principle of superposition, the present solutions provide a means to form an approximate and continuous solution of elastic contact problems with higher-order tangential boundary conditions. As an application example, an elastic settlement analysis of a rigid footing founded on a dense granular soil is performed under a tangential traction boundary condition prescribed in an analogy with the stress equilibrium states of static sandpiles. A generalized solution approach to combined normal and tangential traction boundary value problems is discussed in the context of foundation engineering.
CACNB2 is associated with aberrant RAS-MAPK signaling in hypertensive Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats.

Abstract Several independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have indicated that calcium (Ca2+) voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2 (CACNB2) an L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) associated protein has strong association with hypertension. However, the molecular mechanism of CACNB2 and its role in the pathophysiology of hypertension is not clear. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized in vitro and in vivo approaches using HEK293 cells and genetically hypertensive, Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats. We demonstrated that CACNB2 over-expression in HEK293 cells triggers cell proliferation via an up-regulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway compared to non-transfected cells. These effects were likely independent of LTCC activity as treatment with nifedipine, a well-known LTCC blocker, in CACNB2 overexpressing cells failed to inhibit the RAS-MAPK pathway gene expressions or show an effect on apoptosis marker gene expression. Furthermore, the expression level of CACNB2 was up-regulated in the high salt (HS) diet fed SS rat kidneys compared to low salt diet (LS) fed group. Similar to our in vitro observation the RAS-MAPK mRNA levels were increased in HS fed SS rat kidneys, compared to LS fed group. Collectively, our data suggest that CACNB2 is associated with the increase in RAS-MAPK gene expressions and lead us to speculate that in addition to its role in regulating LTCC α1-subunit trafficking, CACNB2 might lead to aberrant RAS activation, which is one of the key cascade associated with hypertension.
Microscopic Extracapsular Extension in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Does Not Mandate Axillary Dissection in Z0011-Eligible Patients

In the ACOSOG (American College of Surgeons Oncology Group) Z0011 trial and the AMAROS (After Mapping of the Axilla: Radiotherapy or Surgery?) trial, matted nodes with gross extracapsular extension (ECE), a risk factor for locoregional recurrence, were an indication for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), but the effect of microscopic ECE (mECE) in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) on recurrence was not examined. Between 2010 and 2017, 811 patients with cT1-2N0 breast cancer and SLN metastasis were prospectively managed according to Z0011 criteria, with ALND for those with more than two positive SLNs or gross ECE. Management of mECE was not specified. In this study, we compare outcomes of patients with one to two positive SLNs with and without mECE, treated with SLN biopsy alone (n = 685). Median patient age was 58 years, and median tumor size was 1.7 cm. mECE was identified in 210 (31%) patients. Patients with mECE were older, had larger tumors, and were more likely to be hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative, have two positive SLNs, and receive nodal radiation. At a median follow-up of 41 months, no isolated axillary failures were observed. There were 11 nodal recurrences; two supraclavicular ± axillary, four synchronous with breast, and five with distant failure. The five-year rate of any nodal recurrence was 1.6% and did not differ by mECE (2.3% vs. 1.3%; p = 0.84). No differences were observed in local (p = 0.08) or distant (p = 0.31) recurrence rates by mECE status. In Z0011-eligible patients, nodal recurrence rates in patients with mECE are low after treatment with SLN biopsy alone, even in the absence of routine nodal radiation. The presence of mECE should not be considered a routine indication for ALND.
The Local-Global Novel

There are certain events, John Tomlinson (1999) argues, such as the fallout in Chernobyl, the fall of the Berlin wall, the collapse of the communist world, the creation of the European Union, global summits on climate change, wars in Beirut, the Gulf, Somalia, or Bosnia, that “may add to the extension of the individual’s ‘phenomenal world’”. Such is the case for the characters in Michel Laub’s trilogy of novels: Diario da queda (2011), A maca envenenada (2013), and O tribunal da quinta-feira (2016). In these novels, global catastrophes (the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, and the A.I.D.S epidemic) are juxtaposed, both formally and narratively, with the personal tragedies suffered by their protagonists, thus creating an analogous relationship with the local/global dialectic. This paper studies Laub’s trilogy as global novels, seeking to subvert the market term by adding the “local” modifier, in an attempt to understand the nature of world literature in the twenty-first century. The Local-Global Novel, of the kind produced by Laub, complicates Anderson’s (1983) notion of nations as imagined communities by adopting the world as a community in which individuals, and their narratives, can be seen as singular-plural (NANCY, 1996).
SUPERVIVENCIA DEMOCRÁTICA EN AMÉRICA LATINA

En este articulo documento un marcado incremento en el numero de democracias y una caida del autoritarismo en America Latina en el periodo que se inicia eu 1978. Sostengo que tres factores ayudan a explicar la creciente superviue11cia de la democracia en America Latina. La primera explicacion gira alrededor de las transformaciones estructurales impulsadas por la modernizacion: la urbanizacion, la creciente alfabetizacion, la mayor riqueza, el crecimiento de la clase obrera y la reduccion gradual en el poder politico de la clase terrateniente. En segundo lugar, las actitudes politicas en el espectro de izquierda a derecha cambiaron en America Latina, avanzando hacia una creciente valoracion de la democracia. Finalmente, el apoyo internacional a la democracia, especialmente de parte de los Estados Unidos, aumento en la segunda mitad de los ochenta. En una era de creciente internacionalizacion en America Latina, se hafl formado mecanismos internacionales para proteger a la democracia.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship between Employer Characteristics and Age Discrimination Charge Filings

The study examines what the correlates are between age discrimination charges and employer characteristics using the longitudinal sample of 4000 establishments representing a random sample of establishments in the US. The study uses data on charges and establishments obtained through the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission who enforces the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Using the panel data approach, the results suggest that the strongest predictor of ADEA charges, is past ADEA charges against the employer. Other characteristics such as a smaller span of control (number of employees per manager), to some extent a greater proportion of minority employees, being a headquarters establishment, or being a federal contractor, are associated with more charges. The implications of these findings are discussed.
High-achieving rural middle-school students’ academic self-efficacy and attributions in relationship to gender

This research investigates high-achieving, rural middle-school students’ academic attributions and self-efficacy. The study sample (n = 77) included middle-school students attending schools in rura...
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large group of small polypeptide growth factors, some of which play key roles in pulmonary biology. Their molecular sizes vary from 17 to 34 kDa and they share a wide range of amino acid homology with highly conserved gene structures and amino acid sequences. They also share the common property of avidity for heparin, which enables them to bind to components of extracellular matrices and cell surfaces. FGFs form a trimolecular complex with heparin-like molecules (e.g., heparan sulfate) and one of four polypeptide tyrosine kinase receptors. The chemical heterogeneity of heparan sulfate and alternative splicing of FGF receptors both determine FGF binding specificity and receptor dimerization and activation. Functions for FGFs are, in many cases, narrowly defined to specific stages of development or repair, while others are broadly applied to physiological maintenance and responses to injury. FGF signaling has been shown to affect cell proliferation, cell survival, chemotaxis, migration, and cell adhesion. FGFs are known to play specific roles in tumorigenesis and pulmonary fibrosis, and have unique capacities to protect against DNA damage induced by oxidants and some environmental toxicants.
Socializing Singlehood: Personal, Interpersonal, and Sociocultural Factors Shaping Black Women’s Single Lives:

Popular discourse characterizes single Black women as desperate and dysfunctional, constructions of single status that reinforce broader stereotypes of Black women. Unfortunately, relatively little...
Free congruence: an exploration of expanded similarity measures for time series data

Time series similarity measures are highly relevant in a wide range of emerging applications including training machine learning models, classification, and predictive modeling. Standard similarity measures for time series most often involve point-to-point distance measures including Euclidean distance and Dynamic Time Warping. Such similarity measures fundamentally require the fluctuation of values in the time series being compared to follow a corresponding order or cadence for similarity to be established. This paper is spurred by the exploration of a broader definition of similarity, namely one that takes into account the sheer numerical resemblance between sets of statistical properties for time series segments irrespectively of value labeling. Further, the presence of common pattern components between time series segments was examined even if they occur in a permuted order, which would not necessarily satisfy the criteria of more conventional point-to-point distance measures. Results were compared with those of Dynamic Time Warping on the same data for context. Surprisingly, the test for the numerical resemblance between sets of statistical properties established a stronger resemblance for pairings of decline years with greater statistical significance than Dynamic Time Warping on the particular data and sample size used.
Private Equity Acquisition And Responsiveness To Service-Line Profitability At Short-Term Acute Care Hospitals

As private equity firms continue to increase their ownership stake in various health care sectors in the US, questions arise about potential impacts on the organization and delivery of care. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we investigated changes in service-line provision in private equity-acquired hospitals. Relative to nonacquired hospitals, private equity acquisition was associated with a higher probability of adding specific profitable hospital-based services (interventional cardiac catheterization, hemodialysis, and labor and delivery), profitable technologies (robotic surgery and digital mammography), and freestanding or satellite emergency departments. Moreover, private equity acquisition was associated with an increased probability of providing services that were previously categorized as unprofitable but that have more recently become areas of financial opportunity (for example, mental health services). Finally, private equity-acquired hospitals were less likely to add or continue services that have unreliable revenue streams or that may face competition from nonprofit hospitals (for example, outpatient psychiatry), although fewer shifts were noted among unprofitable services. This may reflect a prevailing shift by acute care hospitals toward outpatient settings for appropriate procedures and synergies with existing holdings by private equity firms.
Exome-Wide Pan-Cancer Analysis of Germline Variants in 8,719 Individuals Finds Little Evidence of Rare Variant Associations.

Background Many cancer types show considerable heritability, and extensive research has been done to identify germline susceptibility variants. Linkage studies have discovered many rare high-risk variants, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered many common low-risk variants. However, it is believed that a considerable proportion of the heritability of cancer remains unexplained by known susceptibility variants. The "rare variant hypothesis" proposes that much of the missing heritability lies in rare variants that cannot reliably be detected by linkage analysis or GWAS. Until recently, high sequencing costs have precluded extensive surveys of rare variants, but technological advances have now made it possible to analyze rare variants on a much greater scale. Objectives In this study, we investigated associations between rare variants and 14 cancer types. Methods We ran association tests using whole-exome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validated the findings using data from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium (PCAWG). Results We identified four significant associations in TCGA, only one of which was replicated in PCAWG (BRCA1 and ovarian cancer). Conclusions Our results provide little evidence in favor of the rare variant hypothesis. Much larger sample sizes may be needed to detect undiscovered rare cancer variants.
Implementing the New Ecosystem Services Mandate of the Section 404 Compensatory Mitigation Program: A Catalyst for Advancing Science and Policy

On April 10, 2008, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) jointly published final regulations defining standards and procedures for authorizing compensatory mitigation of impacts to aquatic resources the Corps permits under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (Section 404). Prior to the rule, the Section 404 compensatory mitigation program had been administered under a mish-mash of guidances, inter-agency memoranda, and other policy documents issued over the span of 17 years. A growing tide of policy and science scholarship criticized the program's administration as not accounting for the potential redistribution of ecosystem services that results when wetlands are filled at impact sites and mitigation wetlands are provided at possibly significant distances away. Although motivated primarily by the need to bring the program under one comprehensive regulatory framework, the new rule also for the first time introduces ecosystem services into the mitigation decision-making standards, requiring that "compensatory mitigation...should be located where it is most likely to successfully replace lost...services." Easily overlooked in the in the 210-page Federal Register document, this is a potentially significant development, but it will be unlikely to gain policy traction without substantial research into the development of efficient and reliable wetland ecosystem service assessment methods. To help orient such research efforts, this article provides: (1) background on the compensatory mitigation program and ecosystem services prior to promulgation of the new rule; (2) an overview of how the new rule integrates ecosystem service analysis into compensatory mitigation decisions; and (3) suggestions for a research agenda to support implementation of that feature of the rule.
Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma

Summary form only given, as follows. We discuss several configurations of dielectric-barrier discharges to produce stable and uniform plasma in air. The discharges have potential applications in manufacturing, pollution cleanup and sterilization. A dual pressure discharge will be discussed. The UV produced by low pressure discharge is coupled to a high pressure discharge to create a uniform discharge. The electrical characteristics of the discharge will be discussed. It has been found that UV irradiation increases the number of microdischarges. Therefore the discharge is more uniform and efficient in producing radicals.
Studies of carcinogenesis by avian sarcoma viruses. II. Virus-induced increase in hyaluronic acid synthetase in chicken fibroblasts.

Abstract Infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts in vitro by avian sarcoma viruses results, beginning at about 36 hours after infection, in approximately a 5-fold increase in cellular levels of hyaluronic acid synthetase with a consequent increase in production of hyaluronic acid. Several properties of the enzyme systems in uninfected and in infected cells were examined. No significant differences were found.
The control of mutagenesis and cell differentiation in cultured human and rodent cells by chemicals that initiate or promote tumor formation.

Clinical observations, retrospective epidemiological surveys, and studies with experimental animals have provided evidence that chemicals in our environment, including some produced as byproducts from our energy generation processes, are responsible for a significant proportion of human cancers (Boyland, 1967; Higginson, 1969; Higginson and Muir, 1979; Maugh, 1979). Furthermore, these studies suggest that certain human cancers result from the interaction of multiple factors in a multistep process (Berenblum, 1969; Van Duuren, 1969; Boutwell, 1974; Diamond et al., 1980b). From an operational point of view, the carcinogenesis process can be divided into three sequential stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. The first two involve the steps that lead to the transformation of a normal into a malignant cell, whereas progression covers processes whereby a transformed cell develops into a malignant tumor.
Schur Polynomials and S k

Frobenius [42] discovered that the characters of the symmetric group can be computed using symmetric functions. We will explain this from our point of view. We highly recommend Curtis [30] as an account, both historical and mathematical, of the work of Frobenius and Schur on representation theory.
A mouse plasma cell surface antigenic determinant (PLKB) recognized by xenoantiserum: Its relationship to the PC.1 antigenic determinant

Abstract The specificities of the xenoantisera made against mouse myeloma cells have been compared to those recognized by alloantiserum by studying patterns of cytotoxicity on both normal and malignant plasma cells. Goat antiserum obtained by immunization with Balb/c mouse myeloma ADJ-PC-22A cells and purified by in vivo absorption could detect cell surface antigenic determinants present on plasma cells and on cells of liver, kidney, and brain (PLKB antigen), as we had previously reported for a similarly prepared rabbit antiserum. In spite of an apparent similarity between the tissue representation of the PLKB determinant and that of PC.1 antigenic determinants which were detected by DBA/2 anti-ADJ-PC-22A cell alloantiserum, the PLKB antigenic determinant is not identical with the PC.1 antigenic determinant, since the former is found on the tissues of PC.1-negative as well as PC.1-positive strains of mice. However, it was deduced that the PLKB antigenic determinant and the PC.1 antigenic determinant reside in close proximity on the cell surface or maybe even on the same molecule, since Fab fragments of antiserum against either PLKB or PC.1 blocked the cytotoxicity against both antigens. On the other hand, these Fab fragments did not inhibit the cytotoxicity of anti-H-2 antiserum, indicating that neither PLKB nor PC.1 antigenic determinants are in close proximity to H-2 antigens. Association of PLKB and PC.1 determinants was further supported by the finding that the loss of the PLKB determinant in a variant of myeloma MOPC-70A corresponds to the loss of PC.1 determinant on the same cells.
Endophthahiiitis Caused by the Coagulase-negative Staphylococci: I. Disease Spectrum and Outcome

Purpose: The coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common causes of postoperative endophthalmitis. This study investigates the variability in the disease spectrum and visual outcome of coagulase-negative staphylococcal endophthalmitis in a large, single-center series. Methods: Ninety consecutive cases of coagulase-negative staphylococcal endophthalmitis were investigated retrospectively from two time periods, 1978 to 1982 and 1985 to 1987, separated by a transitional period in cataract surgery technique. Using a detailed protocol, inpatient, outpatient, and microbiologic records were analyzed. Six-month visual acuity results were obtained. Results: Diagnosis frequently was delayed, often suspected only after hypopyon development. Thirty-seven percent of patients presented more than 1 week after the inoculating event, and 13% presented after more than 1 month. Variable asymptomatic intervals and gradually worsening inflammatory prodromes are noted. Painless endophthalmitis occurred in 16%. Non-epidermidis infections comprised 28%. With vitrectomy/intraocular antibiotic management, 38% and 68% achieved visual acuities of 20/ 50 and 20/400, respectively. Overall, 10% of patients developed late retinal detachments. This occurred in only 4% of patients, with endophthalmitis occurring after cataract surgery. Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should become familiar with the emerging concepts of delayed-onset, chronic, and often painless endophthalmitis in which the coagulasenegative staphylococci play a prominent role.
Social capital: its relationship to innovation in science and technology

This paper argues that social capital is a necessary, although not sufficient, enabler of effective public-private partnerships and of a new, more collaborative style of innovation policy, although its significance for science and technology policy, has yet to be assimilated by most policy-makers. The network structure of the biotechnology industry in the United States and the regional-based industrial system in Silicon Valley, California are used to show how social capital affects innovation in science and technology. Two US national policy programs — the advanced Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership — make evident the growing importance of network development. A set of recommendations is given, designed to enhance innovative capacity through the formation of social capital. The central arguments regarding social capital and its relationship to innovation transcend national boundaries, and many of the policy recommendations are important for western European, some East Asian and several other industrial states. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
A tool for assessing cultural competence training in dental education.

Policies exist to promote fairness and equal access to opportunities and services that address basic human needs of all U.S. citizens. Nonetheless, health disparities continue to persist among certain subpopulations, including those of racial, ethnic, geographic, socioeconomic, and other cultural identity groups. The Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) has added standards to address this concern. According to the most recent standards, adopted in 2010 for implementation in July 2013, CODA stipulates that “students should learn about factors and practices associated with disparities in health.” Thus, it is imperative that dental schools develop strategies to comply with this addition. One key strategy for compliance is the inclusion of cultural competence training in the dental curriculum. A survey, the Dental Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (D-TACCT), based on the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT), was sent to the academic deans at seventy-one U.S. and Canadian dental schools to determine best practices for cultural competence training. The survey was completed by thirty-seven individuals, for a 52 percent response rate. This article describes the use of this survey as a guide for developing culturally competent strategies and enhancing cultural competence training in dental schools.
Migration from the northeast to the southeast in Brazil: do migrants succeed?

In this paper 1980 [Brazilian] Census microdata are used to evaluate the experiences of males who moved from the Northeast to the Southeast in the post- miracle period. Using regression analysis migrant earnings are compared to those of persons who remain in the Northeast to estimate the average earnings gain from relocating. These results are then disaggregated by education age at migration period of residence and particular sending and receiving location to provide more specific information on which groups benefit most. Wide variation in gains is observed but substantial improvements in earnings are reported in most cases. (EXCERPT)
Effects of Premilking Udder Preparation on Environmental Bacterial Contamination of Milk

Abstract Premilking udder preparations varied wetness and cleanliness of udders and teats at machine attachment. In Experiment 1, in a prep stall with manual drying of teats only, udder surface drainage during milking increased standard plate counts compared to preparations with dryer udder surfaces at machine attachment. In experiment 2, use of prep stall only and no udder and teat preparation had higher standard plate count than preparation by prep stall with manual drying of udder and teats and by wet paper towels in wetting and cleaning and dry paper towels in drying teats. No preparation of udder and teats had higher standard plate count attributed to soiled teats at machine attachment. Udder surfaces should be dry, and teats should be clean and dry at machine attachment. Premilking udder preparations can affect milk quality as measured by milk bacterial count.
End-of-life experiences in adolescents dying with cancer

Purpose This study explores the experiences of individuals in early, middle, and late adolescence dying from cancer. Place of death, medications used at end of life (EOL), and discussions prior to death are examined.
Rural Migrants' Perceptions of Public Safety Protections in Urban China: The Case of Tianjin

One of the by-products of economic reforms is the unprecedented number of floating population from rural to urban areas. These rural migrants have become a new class that experiences "institutionalized exclusion" in their adoptive cities in areas including housing, work, and social entitlements. The "institutionalized exclusion" also spills over in another important area—public safety protections—and rural migrants receive inadequate protections provided by the police and the neighborhood committee.
Committee views on NSF programs

It is worth plowing, through House Report 101–309 for insight into the relationship between Congress and a federal agency. The report reveals that Congress was so annoyed by the budget request from the National Science Foundation that it ordered NSF to submit by the end of January 1990 a description of how it sets priorities. The House Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology was asked by Robert Roe (D-N.J.), chairman of the full Science, Space, and Technology committee, to review the fiscal year 1990 budget request and three-year budget projection from NSF, now that the agency has multiyear authorization.
Visual and haptic feedback contribute to tuning and online control during object manipulation.

The authors employed a virtual environment to investigate how humans use haptic and visual feedback in a simple, rhythmic object-manipulation task. The authors hypothesized that feedback would help participants identify the appropriate resonant frequency and perform online control adjustments. The 1st test was whether sensory feedback is needed at all; the 2nd was whether the motor system combines visual and haptic feedback to improve performance. Task performance was quantified in terms of work performed on the virtual inertia, ability to identify the correct rhythm, and variability of movement. Strict feedforward control was found to be ineffective for this task, even when participants had previous knowledge of the rhythm. Participants (N = 11) performed far better when feedback was available (11 times more work, 2.2 times more precise frequency, 30% less variability; p < .05 for all 3 performance measures). Using sensory feedback, participants were able to rapidly identify 4 different spring-inertia sy...
A Method to Decompose the Spatial Characteristics of Meteorological Variables within a Limited Domain

Abstract The design of a digital filter is outlined and its application as a band-pass filter to separate various scales from an atmospheric field in a limited domain is discussed. The accuracy of the filter is demonstrated by decomposing both a function with specified wave components and a 500 mb geopotential field within a 90°longitudinal area of the globe. The boundary effects of the non-periodic domain are not negligible, but tests using various boundary conditions show that little contamination exists inside 7–10 grid points from the boundaries. The suitability of the technique to examine the spatial wavenumber characteristics of a geopotential field within a limited domain is demonstrated.
Optical properties of particulate emissions from on-road vehicles

The light absorbing and light scattering properties of on-road vehicle exhaust particulate were determined as a function of traffic composition at the Allegheny Tunnel on the Pennsylvania Turnpike during August–September 1979. This study was one part of a comprehensive experiment aimed at the chemical and physical characterization of vehicle exhaust particulate. Paniculate light absorption was determined by the integrating plate method, while light scattering was measured with an integrating nephelometer. Mass-specific optical coefficients (at 500.0 nm) have been derived from regressions of the optical and mass emissions data against traffic composition. For diesel vehicles (predominantly heavy-duty, but also including diesel passenger vehicles) the absorption coefficient, b′abs/M′, was found to be 5.13 ± 0.28 m2g−1, while the light scattering coefficient, b′scat/M′, was 1.99 ± 0.07m2g−1. Diesel vehicle emissions were responsible for greater than 90% of the light extinction in the tunnel, although diesels accounted for only 23% of the vehicle miles travelled. Estimates for b′abs/M′ and b′scat/M′ for particulate from gasoline-powered vehicles were 8 ± 16 m2g−1and 6 ± 10m2g−1, respectively, while the analogous values for ambient particulate were babs/M< 1m2g−1andbscat/M = 5.0 ± 1.0m2g−1.
Polyethylene/paraffin binary composites for phase change material energy storage in building: A morphology, thermal properties, and paraffin leakage study

Abstract Phase change materials (PCMs) are able to melt and solidify at a certain temperature with a high heat of fusion. These promising functional materials for acting as energy as latent heat storage units have one major problem, leakage of the PCMs when molten. Polymer/phase change material (PCM) blends were investigated as a possible solution of PCM leakage. In this research, paraffin was used as the PCM and three types polyethylene (PE) were used as the structural matrix. To investigate the morphology of PE/ paraffin blends and evaluate the influence on blend behavior, paraffin was blended with either high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), or linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) using a parallel co-rotating twin screw extruder. Chloroform extraction was utilized to estimate the maximum amount of paraffin able to be released by the PE network at equilibrium. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of chloroform-extracted samples were collected to investigate the blend structure. Thermal transition temperatures and crystallinity of components in the blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) was used to investigate crystal perfection changes of the polyethylenes before and after blending with paraffin. Paraffin leakage of the blends was investigated by accelerated degradation test in an oven at 60 °C. The leakage behavior was analyzed by Korsmeyer–Peppas equation to determine the underlying mechanisms. Chloroform extraction indicated that almost all the paraffin would leak out from the blends in the long run. A co-continuous structure of the blends was evident from the chloroform extraction and subsequent SEM images. While this co-continuous structure controlled leakage behavior, it had little influence on paraffin thermal transition temperatures and crystallinity based on DSC study. In contrast, PE crystal perfection decreased with paraffin level as evident in POM images. This structure resulted in leakage of paraffin in all formulations.
Changes in pungency of onions by soil type, sulphur nutrition and bulb maturity

Abstract `Texas Grano 1015Y' onions were grown in two commercial fields with clay or loam soil with or without an excess sulphur (22.4 kg S ha −1 ) treatment. Onion bulbs were harvested every one or two weeks from March until bulb maturity and enzymatically produced pyruvic acid, dry matter, total sulphur in bulbs and sugar content were measured. Additional sulphur nutrition had no significant effect on any of the parameters. Total sulphur content in the bulbs was not influenced by S nutrition or soil type. Onions grown in loam soil were slightly higher in sugar content. Pyruvic acid, dry matter content and sugar content all decreased at the second sampling date and gradually increased as bulbs matured. This study indicated that pungency and sugar content of onions cannot be significantly changed by choosing the field or applying extra sulphur nutrition in a commercial field containing sufficient levels of sulphur or irrigated with water of high sulphur content.
Improved initial approximation and intensity-guided discontinuity detection in visible-surface reconstruction

Abstract Techniques are described for improving the speed and accuracy of iterative visible-surface reconstruction algorithms. In particular, the importance of obtaining accurate early information is emphasized, both in the initial surface approximation and in the early localization of surface discontinuities. The first of these goals is attained using a simple technique known as constraint expansion, which yields a good initial approximation while accounting for detected discontinuities. The second goal is attained by using the locations of the image irradiance edges as a guide in locating potential discontinuities. Discontinuity detection in later stages of computation is augmented by a double-thresholding strategy and discontinuity backtracking.