cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pepsinogen release and acid secretion from human and guinea pig gastric mucosa compromised by hypoxia, endotoxin, or critical illness.

Despite blockade and neutralization of gastric acid, acute gastric lesions cause substantial morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Pepsinogen release in response to noxious stimuli such as hypoxia and endotoxin might contribute to mucosal damage. Guinea pig fundic mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers. Acid secretion, pepsinogen release, potential difference (PD), and resistance were monitored. Gassing with room air or nitrogen diminished acid secretion and PD but increased pepsinogen release 9.7- and 15.5-fold, respectively (both p < 0.001). Similarly, endotoxin (0.01 and 0.1 units/ml) dose-dependently inhibited acid secretion and PD but increased pepsinogen release 3.3- and 6.1-fold (both p < 0.05). Endotoxic and air-gassed tissues were edematous with scattered cellular damage by light and transmission electron microscopy; nitrogen-exposed membranes appeared necrotic. Pepsin release may therefore have resulted from cell damage rather than exocytosis. Intragastric peptic activity in critica...
The evolution of the high density 1/4" cartridge tape drive

A new cartridge tape recorder was designed to provide both a backup for fixed disc drives and an interchangeable media recorder for program loading and data logging. The drive employs a new format designed to use the streaming method of tape handling. Formatted capacities of 10 and 20 megabytes, with nominal backup times in the at-12 minute range, are included in the product family.
Acute Up-Regulation of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Release of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids by Dexamethasone in Chicken Adipose Tissue

The mechanism of adipose tissue lipolysis has not been fully elucidated. Greater understanding of this process could allow for increased feed efficiency and reduced fat in poultry. Studies in avian species may provide important insight in developing therapies for human obesity, as lipolytic pathways are highly conserved. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) cleaves triacylglycols, releasing non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the bloodstream. Glucocorticoids have been shown to elevate circulating NEFA. To determine the regulation of ATGL and regulator proteins comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) and G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2) by glucocorticoid, 36 chickens received an injection of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg). Saline was administered to an additional 12 birds to determine any effect of stress during handling. Dexamethasone-injected birds were harvested at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment; saline-treated birds were collected at 4 and 6 h. Abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue and blood were collected. Gene and protein expression were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Compared with the saline group, ATGL expression increased in birds injected with dexamethasone. When dexamethasone response was compared to the untreated group up to 6 h following injection, an increase in ATGL protein was observed as quickly as 0.5 h and increased further from 1 to 6 h. Plasma NEFA and glucose increased gradually from 0 to 6 h, reaching statistical significance at 4 h. These data show that ATGL expression is stimulated by glucocorticoid in a time-dependent manner.
Genetic Improvement of Eucalyptus amplifolia for Frost-Frequent Areas

Summary Sixty-nine Eucalyptus amplifolia seedlots (four previously tested provenances and 65 half-sib progenies from selected trees in 11 Australian provenances) were established in September 1986 at Gainesville, Florida, measured periodically for growth and frost-tolerance, and converted in August 1989 to a seedling seed orchard on the basis of sib and individual superiority. Provenance variability was significant for seedling and second-coppice survivals but especially for frost-tolerance. The provenances represented by the 65 progenies were notably better than previously tested provenances. No new provenance was superior in all critical traits, but each had at least one progeny with good tree size and acceptable frost-tolerance. Individual and family heritabilities were moderate, and seedlings from the seed orchard should have about 30% better growth and frost-tolerance. Selected progenies also performed well in additional field studies. The resilience of E. amplifolia progenies in a freezing chamber t...
Global information systems: a joint venture between business and education

The expanding role of computers and information processing in today's global business environment makes it imperative that business students receive the appropriate computer education. This article evaluates the role of business schools in preparing students to meet the challenges of the global information age. Business and academic perspectives on computers and information processing and their influence on computer education in the business school are presented. The authors conclude that the general lack of enforceable standards in computer business education is a global concern, affecting businesses, educational institutions, and computer hardware and software vendors alike. Recommendations for the globalization of computer education in business schools are provided.
Characteristics of, and a Tectonic Model for, Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism in the Overriding Plate of the Caledonian Orogen

Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism in the Laurentian margin of North-East Greenland formed in the overriding plate of the Caledonian collision with Baltica. The Greenland UHP terrane exhibits a number of characteristics that are incompatible with accepted models for UHP metamorphism in the downgoing slab during continental subduction. UHP metamorphism occurred very late in the collision, and was a long-lived event. Peak temperatures in excess of 950°C are well above the norm for subduction-zone UHP terranes. Exhumation rates, based on new U-Pb SHRIMP results for two boudin neck pegmatites and one hornblende-bearing leucosome, are slower (~3-5 mm/year) than for many other UHP terranes. These atypical features can be explained by intracratonic subduction of Laurentia in the waning phase of the Caledonian collision, analogous to deformation that may be occurring in the Tibetan Plateau today.
Ku recruits XLF to DNA double-strand breaks.

XRCC4-like factor (XLF)—also known as Cernunnos—has recently been shown to be involved in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), which is the main pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. XLF is likely to enhance NHEJ by stimulating XRCC4–ligase IV-mediated joining of DSBs. Here, we report mechanistic details of XLF recruitment to DSBs. Live cell imaging combined with laser micro-irradiation showed that XLF is an early responder to DSBs and that Ku is essential for XLF recruitment to DSBs. Biochemical analysis showed that Ku–XLF interaction occurs on DNA and that Ku stimulates XLF binding to DNA. Unexpectedly, XRCC4 is dispensable for XLF recruitment to DSBs, although photobleaching analysis showed that XRCC4 stabilizes the binding of XLF to DSBs. Our observations showed the direct involvement of XLF in the dynamic assembly of the NHEJ machinery and provide mechanistic insights into DSB recognition.
Information systems frontiers: Keyword analysis and classification

The current study focuses on the disciplines of ISF researches. The various analyses have employed to address research discipline of Management Information Systems (MIS). Since ISF is a forum for not only academic researchers but also industrial experts, it is worth to shed light on distinctive research features of ISF. I created a keyword classification scheme, incorporating new research topics into Barki’s information systems keyword classification scheme. This research describes the disciplines of 318 papers in 14 issues published on ISF until 2012 by 796 scholars, examining word frequency and keyword co-occurrence.
Kinetics of iron removal from monoferric and cobalt-labelled monoferric transferrins by ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Abstract The rates at which ferric ion is removed from the two metal binding sites of the serum iron transport protein transferrin by ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been evaluated. Solutions were buffered at pH 7.4 by 0.1 M N -2-hydroxyethylpiperazine- N ′-2-ethanesulfonic acid and maintained at 25°C. Pseudo first-order rate constants as a function of ligand concentration were measured for iron removal from diferric transferrin, from N- and C-terminal monoferric transferrin and from monoferric transferrins which had been labelled at the vacant site with kinetically inert cobalt(III). The data on iron removal from the cobalt-labelled monoferric transferrins provide accurate estimates of the rate constants for iron removal from diferric transferrin. A significant negative cooperativity is observed, in which occupancy of the C-terminal site slows the rate of iron release from the N-terminal site. Iron release from most of the transferrin complexes shows a combination of saturation and first-order kinetics which are interpreted in terms of parallel pathways for iron removal. The addition of 100 mM perchlorate to the samples accelerates iron removal through both pathways for the C-terminal site, but sharply decreases the rate of iron removal from the N-terminal site. The implications of these new results with respect to proposed mechanisms of iron release from transferrin are discussed.
From Common Carbohydrates to Enantiopure Cyclooctane Polyols and Glycomimetics via Deoxygenative Zirconocene Ring Contraction

D-Arabinose and D-glucose are transformed into the identical vinyl furanoside, whose role is to serve as the precursor to enantiopure cyclooctadienone 6. The key steps of this relay involve a zirconocene-promoted ring contraction and [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an enynol. Subsequently defined are convenient synthetic routes to several cyclooctane-1,2,3-triols, 1,2,3,4,5-pentaols, and structurally related glycomimetics.
Regulation of acetohydroxy acid synthase activities in adenyl cyclase-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12.

Previous findings suggested that cyclic AMP was involved in the regulation of ilvB(AHASI) only and that ilvG (AHASII) and ilvHI (AHASIII) were not controlled by this nucleotide. In this study, derepression patterns of total AHAS activities (ilvB and ilvHI) in adenyl cyclase-negative strains (i.e. cya-) were substantially reduced as contrasted with AHAS activity observed for cya+ strains. Further, the parental strains (cya+) consistently exhibited higher levels of AHAS activity than mutant strains (cya-) during carbon and energy downshifts. Other data suggested that the valine derepression signal could not override the necessity for cya gene product to yield maximal derepression of AHAS gene activities. Cyclic AMP stimulated AHAS gene activities under both in vivo and in vitro assay conditions. Thus, these data provide evidence for an absolute requirement of cAMP for maximal expression of the genes encoding for AHAS activities of E. coli K-12.
Electromagnetic Effects in Two-Nucleon Systems

Corrections to the electromagnetic properties of two-nucleon systems are examined by means of the relativistic two-body equation. An effective addition to the potential is derived, which describes the properties of the system in an external electromagnetic field. In particular, the correction to the deuteron's quadrupole moment is evaluated to lowest order in the meson-nucleon coupling. The result, for pseudoscalar (pseudoscalar) symmetric theory, is ΔQ=−1.3 × 10^(−28)(g^2/4π) cm^2.
Late presentation and transmitted drug resistance mutations in new HIV-1 diagnoses in Detroit.

Summary Objective To characterize the epidemiology and transmitted drug resistance mutation (TDRM) patterns among individuals with newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection seen at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit from 2006 to 2008. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of medical records from individuals aged ≥18 years with a new diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Individuals who underwent genotypic resistance testing were included in the study. Results One hundred thirty-three individuals were included; 99 (74%) were males, 104 (78%) were African-Americans, and 61 (46%) had a CD4+ count of ≤200 cells/μl. The prevalence of TDRM was 17% (23/133). Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase mutations occurred in 11 (8%), nucleoside reverse transcriptase mutations in 13 (10%), and protease inhibitor mutations in 10 (8%). CD4+ count >350 cells/μl and HIV viral load on presentation were associated with TDRM in the multivariate analysis ( p =0.004 and p Conclusions Late diagnosis of HIV-1 and transmitted antiretroviral resistance are relatively common in Detroit. While most newly diagnosed persons were candidates for antiretroviral therapy on presentation, the high prevalence of TDRM has significant implications in the selection of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Using whole-exome sequencing to identify variants inherited from mosaic parents

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has allowed the discovery of genes and variants causing rare human disease. This is often achieved by comparing nonsynonymous variants between unrelated patients, and particularly for sporadic or recessive disease, often identifies a single or few candidate genes for further consideration. However, despite the potential for this approach to elucidate the genetic cause of rare human disease, a majority of patients fail to realize a genetic diagnosis using standard exome analysis methods. Although genetic heterogeneity contributes to the difficulty of exome sequence analysis between patients, it remains plausible that rare human disease is not caused by de novo or recessive variants. Multiple human disorders have been described for which the variant was inherited from a phenotypically normal mosaic parent. Here we highlight the potential for exome sequencing to identify a reasonable number of candidate genes when dominant disease variants are inherited from a mosaic parent. We show the power of WES to identify a limited number of candidate genes using this disease model and how sequence coverage affects identification of mosaic variants by WES. We propose this analysis as an alternative to discover genetic causes of rare human disorders for which typical WES approaches fail to identify likely pathogenic variants.
A cross‐cultural comparison of implicit theories of requesting

The primary aim of this paper is to identify cross‐cultural similarities and differences in people's implicit theories of requesting. Implicit theories are conceptualized as containing information about five interactive constraints that influence choices about requests: (1) Clarity, (2) Perceived imposition, (3) Consideration for the other's feelings, (4) Risking disapproval for self, and (5) Effectiveness. The paper compares how these five constraints are perceived and rated across cultures and traces possible links between the constraints and perceptions of the likelihood of using various request strategies. Participants are a total of 595 undergraduates: 296 Koreans (native speakers of Korean) and 299 Americans (native American English speakers) studying in their respective countries. After reading a hypothetical request situation, participants evaluated request strategies along the five constraint dimensions as well as for likelihood of use. The rank‐ordering of the request strategies along the dimens...
Laboratory experiments on the cloud-top entrainment instability

The stability of stratocumulus clouds with strong evaporative cooling effects is explored in laboratory simulations. Two fluids, initially separated by a thin horizontal plate, contain mixtures of water, alcohol and glycol which have a strongly nonlinear density as a function of mixture ratio. Initially, the fluid below the plate is more dense than that above the plate. When the plate is suddenly withdrawn, the turbulence in its wake mixes the two fluids together, producing mixtures with densities greater than that of either initial fluid. It is found that the system is unstable to strong perturbations only in cases of relatively large buoyancy reversal. The system is stable to strong perturbations if the buoyancy reversal is comparable to or less than the initial stratification. A simple model is presented to explain the results.
Thermal Properties of Graphene and Carbon Based Materials: Prospects of Thermal Management Applications

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in thermal properties of materials. This arises mostly from the practical needs of heat removal and thermal management, which have now become critical issues for the continuing progress in electronic and optoelectronic industries. Another motivation for the study of thermal properties at nanoscale is from a fundamental science perspective. Thermal conductivity of different allotropes of carbon materials span a uniquely large range of values with the highest in graphene and carbon nanotube and the lowest in amorphous or disordered carbon. Here we describe the thermal properties of graphene and carbon-based materials and analyze the prospects of applications of carbon materials in thermal management.
Tune drifts on the Tevatron front porch

It has long been known that the tunes of the Tevatron drift on the 150 GeV front porch. The drift is observed to have the same time dependence as the drift in the chromaticity. The variation in the chromaticity is due to the change in the b 2 of the superconducting dipoles, which represents the integrated sextupole moment of the magnet. It is reasonable to assume that the tune drift is due to the feed down from the changing b 2- Calculations based on this assumption, both here and in earlier attempts to explain the tune drift, show, absent unreasonable assumptions about the closed orbit, that the simple models of the variation of the sextupole moment will not explain the tune drift. An explanation, for both the tune drift, and the tune split observed when the Tevatron was first operated, is proposed. The suggestion is based on the longitudinal variation of the time varying sextupole component of the dipoles and the fact that the dipoles are not perfect sector magnets.
Efficient Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Data services for in-vehicle consumption are expected to become a primary driver in the development of future vehicular networks. Due to download rate limitations of present wide-area cellular connectivity such as 3G (the likely `pipe' to/from vehicles for long range connectivity), direct peer-to-peer data sharing among vehicles can supplement vertical downloading with horizontal dissemination. This paper studies the inter-vehicle data dissemination problem based on a WAVE/802.11p vehicular ad hoc network, using network coding. We first derive the probability mass functions (PMFs) of dissemination completion time in a prototypical three-node case for both random broadcast and with network coding, to quantify the benefits of the latter. For a one dimensional (1-D) infinite lattice network, we next provide analytical results for the steady state dissemination velocity of a data set, using network coding. The gains from such network coding, relative to the baseline scheme of random broadcast, and with perfect feedback, in presence of Rayleigh fading wireless links for this network are estimated using simulations.
Requirements for Vibrio cholerae HapR Binding and Transcriptional Repression at the hapR Promoter Are Distinct from Those at the aphA Promoter

Virulence gene expression in certain strains of Vibrio cholerae is regulated in response to cell density by a quorum-sensing cascade that influences the levels of the LuxR homolog HapR through small regulatory RNAs that control the stability of its message. At high cell density, HapR represses the expression of the gene encoding the virulence gene activator AphA by binding to a site between −85 and −58 in the aphA promoter. We show here that a second binding site for HapR lies within the hapR promoter from which it functions to repress its own transcription. This site, as determined by gel mobility shift assay and DNaseI footprinting, is located between +8 and +36 from the transcriptional start and is not strongly conserved with the site at the aphA promoter. At low cell density, when the expression of a transcriptional hapR-lacZ fusion was low, no autorepression was observed. However, at high cell density, when the expression of the hapR-lacZ fusion was approximately 15-fold higher, the presence of HapR reduced its expression. Introduction of a single base pair change within the binding site at +18 prevented HapR binding in gel mobility shift assays. In the absence of HapR, this mutation did not significantly influence the expression of the hapR promoter, but in its presence, the expression of the promoter was increased at high cell density. These results indicate that HapR autorepresses from a single binding site in the hapR promoter and suggest a model for the temporal regulation of its expression as its intracellular levels increase.
Social loafing: Allocating effort or taking it easy?

When asked to work both alone and in groups, people exert less effort in groups, a phenomenon we call “social loafing.” Either of two possible strategies could explain this outcome: an allocational strategy where people work as hard as they can overall but conserve their strength for individual trials where work is personally beneficial and a minimizing strategy where the primary motive is to “get by” with the least effort possible. However, an allocational strategy would lead participants who always work in groups to put out as much effort as participants who always work alone, since there is no need to husband strength. Two studies using a sound production task found social loafing even under these conditions, suggesting that allocational strategies are not prevalent. Social loafing seems to occur when people perform together in groups, regardless of whether or not they must also perform alone.
Meaningless words promote meaningful categorization

On traditional accounts, word meanings are entries in a mental lexicon. Nonsense words lack such entries, and are therefore meaningless. Here, we show that under some circumstances nonsense words function indistinguishably from conventional words. The ‘nonsense’ words foove and crelch led participants to select systematically different clusters of adjectives and were reliably matched to different species of alien creatures (e.g., ‘crelches’ were pointy and narrow and ‘fooves’ were large and fat). In a categorization task in which participants learned to group two species of aliens primarily on the basis of roundness/pointiness, these novel labels facilitated performance as much as conventional words (e.g., round, pointy). The results expand the scope of research on sound symbolism and support a non-traditional view of word meaning according to which words do not have meanings by virtue of a conventionalized form−meaning pairing. Rather, the ‘meaning’ of a word is the effect that the word form has on the user’s mental activity.
Correlation of hippocampal neuronal density and FDG-PET in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: Interictal [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) reveals regional hypometabolism in 60–80% of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The extent of hypometabolism generally extends beyond the epileptogenic zone. The pathophysiology underlying this widespread change is unknown. This study evaluated the relation between hippocampal neuronal loss and hypometabolism in patients with MTLE. Methods: Forty-three patients with MTLE after anterior temporal lobectomy were included. Pathology demonstrated mesial temporal sclerosis (n = 41) or endfolium sclerosis (n = 2). Interictal FDG-PET scans were graded by visual analysis on a scale ranging from normal (grade 1) to severe (grade 5) hypometabolism. Neuronal counting was performed in the subiculum, hippocampal subfields, and dentate granular cell layer (DG). Neuronal density of patients was compared with that of seven autopsy controls. Data were compared by using Student's t tests and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Significant neuronal loss in CA1 through CA4 and DG was found in patients compared with controls. Neuronal density in the subiculum, CA1, CA4, and DG did not correlate with severity of hypometabolism. However, patients with abnormal FDG-PET had higher neuronal density in CA2 and CA3 versus patients with normal studies. Conclusions: This study supports a previous observation that degree of FDG-PET hypometabolism does not parallel severity of hippocampal neuronal loss in MTLE.
Nucleated red blood cells in the fetus and newborn.

Although nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) are rarely found circulating in older children,1 they are commonly seen in the blood of newborns. They are primarily produced in the fetal bone marrow in response to erythropoietin and are stored in the marrow as precursors to reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. Many acute and chronic stimuli cause increases in the number of circulating nRBCs from either increased erythropoietic activity or a sudden release from the marrow storage pools. This paper reviews the various pathological processes associated with increased production and release of nRBCs. It emphasises the effects of acute, subacute, and chronic asphyxia on nRBC counts.#### Key message 1 Common causes of increased nucleated red blood cells include prematurity, increased erythropoiesis from chronic hypoxia, anaemia, and maternal diabetes, from acute stress mediated release from the marrow stores, and from postnatal hypoxia. Extreme increases may occasionally be idiopathic. #### Key message 2 When increased nRBC counts are seen with acute and subacute asphyxia, the magnitude of the increase is a function of the severity and duration of the asphyxia. However, there is a large overlap between the nRBC values found after acute, subacute, and chronic asphyxia; asphyxia of any duration does not always cause an increased nRBC count, and extreme increases may be found without asphyxia. Nucleated red blood cells are sometimes called erythroblasts, normoblasts, or normocytes. For this review, the term “normoblasts” will be used to refer to the cells when they are in the bone marrow and “nRBCs” when they are in circulating blood. Clinically it is best to express nRBCs as an absolute number of cells per unit volume, either “nRBCs/mm3” or “nRBCs/l”. However, most clinical laboratories and many research publications report nRBCs relative to 100 white blood cells (WBCs). Unfortunately the extreme variability in the number of leucocytes …
Dynamics of long-term genomic selection

Background Simulation and empirical studies of genomic selection (GS) show accuracies sufficient to generate rapid gains in early selection cycles. Beyond those cycles, allele frequency changes, recombination, and inbreeding make analytical prediction of gain impossible. The impacts of GS on long-term gain should be studied prior to its implementation.
An approach to verification of communication in distributed computing system software

An approach is presented for verifying the communication among modules in distributed computing system software. This approach is based on the inductive assertion method. The inference rules used in this approach are derived for verifying the partial correctness of communicating sequential modules. In this approach, the virtual circuits are used for synchronous message-passing. The advantage of this approach is that proofs of the satisfaction and noninterference are not needed, since no assumptions about the effects of receiving messages are made in the sequential proofs and the uses of shared auxiliary variables and universal assertions are carefully controlled during the process verification. Without these proofs, the user only needs to deal with the individual modules instead of the entire distributed computing system. The technique for detecting the deadlock of a program is given. >
Towards the Application of Argumentation-Based Dialogues for Education

This paper describes our work constructing a general framework for modeling multi agent interactions in education-related applications. We are motivated to move beyond a traditional scripted model and follow the general trend in human education towards more open, learner-centered, constructivist environments. In order to accomplish this, we need a framework in which to define general types of interactions that can occur between a learner and a tutor, as well as interactions between these agents and their sets of beliefs - not only about the knowledge domain that is the subject of the learning system, but also about each other. In this paper, we describe early work in this direction, which involves using argumentation and extending existing dialogue protocols to allow for various types of tutor-learner interactions.
Knowledge About Genetics Among African Americans

Although knowledge about genetic concepts is important for individuals to be active participants in medical technologies that use genetic science, limited information is available on knowledge about basic genetic concepts and terminology in African Americans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge about general genetic concepts and medical genetics terminology among African Americans and to identify factors having independent associations with knowledge. Participants were 109 adult African Americans enrolled in a study on attitudes about race, genetics, and smoking. The majority of respondents were knowledgeable about general genetic concepts, but were less knowledgeable about medical genetics terminology. Education was the only factor independently associated with knowledge about sporadic disorders in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Respondents with at least some college education were most likely to be knowledgeable about sporadic disorders (OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.10, 6.67, p=.03). The results of this study suggest that genetics education targeted to African Americans may need to focus on increasing understanding about technical concepts related to genetics.
Circularly polarized reflectarray with microstrip ring elements having variable rotation angles

This paper reports a 0.5-m-diameter right-hand circularly polarized planar reflecting antenna array that uses 437 printed microstrip ring elements of variable rotations to achieve cophasal far-field radiation and wide-band performance at a focal length of 0.35 m. The array is etched on Rogers Duroid 5870 substrate with /spl epsiv//sub r/= 2.33 and 0.508-mm thickness. At 7.1 GHz, the reflectarray achieves an efficiency of 41.7% with a gain at broadside of 27.6 dB. Sidelobe suppression is greater than 17.3 dB, and the left-hand cross-polarization is 23.2 dB below the desired right-hand component. The best efficiency of 45.7% and the maximum gain of 28.2 dB occur at 7.3 GHz.
Alterations in vasomotor systems and mechanics of resistance-sized mesenteric arteries from SHR and WKY male rats following in vivo testosterone manipulation

Background Testosterone (T) and the sympathetic nervous system each contribute to the pathology of hypertension. Altered blood vessel reactivity is also associated with the pathology of high blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of T manipulation in the regulation of resistance-sized blood vessel reactivity.
Data-driven identification of group dynamics for motion prediction and control

A distributed model structure for representing groups of coupled dynamic agents is proposed, and the least-squares method is used for fitting model parameters based on measured position data. The difference equation model embodies a minimalist approach, incorporating only factors essential to the movement and interaction of physical bodies. The model combines effects from an agent's inertia, interactions between agents, and interactions between each agent and its environment. Global positioning system tracking data were collected in field experiments from a group of 3 cows and a group of 10 cows over the course of several days using custom-designed, head-mounted sensor boxes. These data are used with the least-squares method to fit the model to the cow groups. The modeling technique is shown to capture overall characteristics of the group as well as attributes of individual group members. Applications to livestock management are described, and the potential for surveillance, prediction, and control of various kinds of groups of dynamic agents are suggested. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the effect of molecular properties on the binding kinetics of a ligand to its biological target

A database of binding kinetic data across multiple targets has been created. Analysis of this database provides insights into trends for the effects of physicochemical properties (molecular weight, clogP, rotatable bond count) on the dissociation kinetics of ligands from their biological targets.
Revision of Europiella Reuter in North America, with the Description of a New Genus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

Abstract The New World species of Europiella Reuter are revised. Three species from western North America are described as new. A key and illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia for the 13 recognized Nearctic species are provided. Scanning electron micrographs are given for structural details of four species. Detailed locality and host data are offered for all species. Europiella albipubescens Knight, 1968 is transferred to Knightopiella, new genus. Europiella lividella (Kerzhner, 1979) is returned to Plagiognathus Fieber.
Continence in the cloacal exstrophy patient: What does it cost?

Abstract Background Surgical advancements have made cloacal exstrophy (CE) a survivable condition, though management remains complex. Urologic, orthopedic, colorectal and gynecologic interventions are not standardized, and the cost of this care is high. While the importance of a successful primary closure in terms of outcomes is known, the economic consequences of failure remain uncharacterized. Methods A prospectively maintained institutional database of epispadias–exstrophy complex patients was reviewed for continent CE patients. Hospital charges for all inpatient admissions prior to achieving urinary continence were inflation-adjusted to year 2013 values using Consumer Price Index for medical care published by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Records for which charge data were incomplete were completed by using single mean imputation, also inflation-adjusted. Descriptive data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results Of 102 CE patients, 35 had available hospital charge data: 15 who underwent successful primary closure at the authors' institution and 20 who presented after previously failed primary closures at referring institutions. The mean ± SD hospital charges for primary closure in the success group were $136,201 ± $48,920. These patients then underwent subsequent additional surgeries that accrued charges of $59,549 ± $25,189 in order to achieve continence. Overall, successful primary closures accumulated hospital charges of $200,366 ± $40,071. In comparison, patients referred after prior failure required significantly more hospital admissions and additional charges of $207,674 ± $65,820 were required to achieve continence (p Conclusion The cost of CE management until urinary continence is high, averaging more than $200,000 in inpatient hospital charges alone. Initial success is desirable from both an outcomes and economic perspective, as the cost of salvaging a failed primary closure at our institution is similar to the overall costs of a successful closure; this is in addition to the cost of any previous failed closures. Further studies will be required to determine the optimal timing of surgical management in terms of both patient outcomes and financial consequences.
Long-Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Air Temperature for Kentucky, United States

Variation in quantities such as precipitation and temperature is often assessed by detecting and characterizing trends in available meteorological data. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term trends in annual precipitation and mean annual air temperature for the state of Kentucky. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied to homogenized and (as needed) pre-whitened annual series of precipitation and mean air temperature during 1950–2010. Significant trends in annual precipitation were detected (both positive, averaging 4.1 mm/year) for only two of the 60 precipitation-homogenous weather stations (Calloway and Carlisle counties in rural western Kentucky). Only three of the 42 temperature-homogenous stations demonstrated trends (all positive, averaging 0.01 °C/year) in mean annual temperature: Calloway County, Allen County in southern-central Kentucky, and urbanized Jefferson County in northern-central Kentucky. In view of the locations of the stations demonstrating positive trends, similar work in adjacent states will be required to better understand the processes responsible for those trends and to properly place them in their larger context, if any.
The application of a layered database model

After examining the software requirements of a genealogy database application, a layered database model was designed and implemented. The model consists of two layers: a core master database layer and an outer database layer. Each database is accessible by authenticated user groups through web software. This paper describes the model, the design of the database layers, and the implementation of the software to access the database. The final system consists of a web searchable genealogy database and software for data entry, proofreading, and administration.
The Importance of Surprise in Mathematical Beauty

Synopsis Mathematicians, mathematics education researchers, and philosophers have written about mathematical beauty and many of the qualities commonly associated with it, such as simplicity, brevity, enlightenment, etc. One key theme that underlies many of these qualities is surprise or the unexpected. In this article, I discuss the integral role surprise plays in mathematical beauty. Through examples, I argue that simplicity alone is oftentimes not enough for a piece of mathematics to be considered beautiful, but rather it is unexpected simplicity that we seek. I propose, moreover, that surprise is necessary for enlightenment. The paper also reports results from an activity designed to elicit an appreciation of mathematical beauty from elementary preservice teachers; the majority reaction was a feeling of surprise. Understanding the relevance of surprise to mathematical beauty may oer us a feasible way to create opportunities for students to experience mathematical beauty.
Isolation and culture of cereal protoplasts : Part 2: Embryogenesis and plantlet formation from protoplasts of Pennisetum americanum.

Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic suspension cultures derived from immature embryos of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) gave rise to cell masses. These cell masses upon transfer to a hormone-free medium formed embryoids, which further developed into plantlets with roots and shoots.
Cerebral blood flow in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia

The evolution of cerebral blood flow in a well-established neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia is described. Measurements were made in control animals, as well as in animals subjected to hypoxia-ischemia with and without hypothermia.
Study on the Technology of Strawberry Vinegar with Strawberry Cullfruit

Strawberry cullfruit after chosen,syncopated,squeezed was used as raw materials and the liquid fermentation technology was applied,The optimum parameters were determined by analyzing amount of residual sugar,vitamin C ,acetic acid and alcohol degree. 4% of Fermirouge Saccharomyces cerevisiae,adding sugar to the degree of 12 at 27℃ fermentation for 3 days was the optium for alcoholic fermentation. 8% Acetobacter pasteurianus 1.41 and Acetobacter pasteurianus 7015(1:1) at 33℃ fermentation for 5days were the optium for acetic acid fermentation. The optimal recipe of fruit vinegar beverage was strawberry vinegar 10%,sucrose 10%,citric acid 0.15%. Thes strawberry vinegar had special strawberry fruital flavors and good taste.
Speaking in Tongues

During a faith healing session at a Charismatic church in Sydney, I was not healed. The parishioners encircled me, laid their hands upon me, and ordered me to stop thinking “impure thoughts”. The female minister signed a cross on my forehead with sweet-scented oil, and prayed. The group joined her in prayer, but after awhile the language of their prayers turned from English into a strange language like they were possessed. They were speaking in tongues.
Physicists on the Left: Sakata and Taketani

As in wartime Japan, postwar scientists were asked to subordinate their individual freedom to conduct research for the interests of the much larger group—the nation. This was a source of continuing conflict. Despite Nishina’s call for science to first help revitalize the Japanese economy, Shōichi Sakata and Mituo Taketani responded by arguing for research autonomy and a commitment to basic research. This chapter focuses on the role of the two physicists, Sakata and Taketani, in the postwar democratization of science and technology. Despite great differences in socioeconomic background (described in the first two sections), both shared a common interest in Marxism, reflecting the times in which they lived. Both were particularly outspoken regarding the need for science and democracy in “modernizing” Japan. They held the view, as many scientists after the war, that science and democracy were matching wheels for social progress.1 The third and largest section of this chapter describes how Sakata and Taketani attempted to prove the veracity of this conviction.
10µm Images of AGB Stars & Supergiants

We present mid-IR and far-IR images of a variety of AGB stars and red supergiants. The mid-IR images were all taken with the Berkeley/Livermore mid-IR array camera, which employs a 10 x 64 pixel Hughes photoconductor. All the images reported here were taken using a 10% bandpass CVF, at various wavelengths in the 10µm atmospheric window. These were supplemented by IRAS images, some constructed from survey scans, others made as Additional Observations during the pointed phase of the IRAS mission. We have so far observed 11 such sources with our mid-IR camera, and report here that only two of them (R Aql and V Hya) appear to be unresolved.
The Basic Science Behind Practical/Clinical Urodynamic Analysis

While the purpose of the lower urinary tract seems simple, to store and periodically release urine, the physiological control of these functions is quite complex. Normal lower urinary tract function depends on finely coordinated active contraction and active relaxation of different smooth muscle layers across the bladder-urethral unit, with opposing activity states depending on the phase of the micturition cycle (i.e. filling vs. voiding), and governed by the two limbs of the autonomic nervous system. An additional level of storage assurance is afforded by the somatomotor system that controls the rhabdosphincter. All of these are regulated by reflexes organized at the sacral and thoracolumbar spinal cord and the brainstem, with an overlay of conscious (coritcal) control to insure environmental appropriateness of voiding.
Parent Involvement in Secondary Special Education and Transition: An Exploratory Psychometric Study

An increased level of parent involvement in education has been identified as a predictor of positive postschool outcomes for students with disabilities who have traditionally experienced lower rates of employment and postsecondary education than their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structure of scales adapted from the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler Model of Parent Involvement that might be used to predict parent involvement in secondary special education. An iterative adaption process included adding and revising scale items to reflect parent beliefs and involvement activities related to transition planning and secondary education for parents of high school students with disabilities. Participants were 149 parents of students with disabilities, ages 16–21. Two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the scales. Results of the EFA for involvement activities suggested a three-factor solution including: Future Planning; Home-based Involvement; and Agency/School-based Involvement. Results of the EFA for Motivators for Involvement suggested a seven-factor solution including: Parent Expectations for the Future; General School Invitations; Role Construction; Perceptions of Time and Energy; Knowledge, Skills, and Self-efficacy; Specific Child Invitations, and Specific Teacher Invitations. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Abstract 2621: Preclinical systemic toxicity evaluation of chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated aspirin, curcumin and free sulforaphane (ACS) combinations in BALB/c mice

The present study aims to evaluate the preclinical systemic toxicity profile of chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles (c-SLNs) encapsulated aspirin (ASP), curcumin (CUR), and free sulforaphane (SFN) combination (ACS) in BALB/c mice. Recently, we demonstrated pancreatic cancer chemopreventive efficacy using ACS-SLNs delivery system in the BOP carcinogen induced pancreatic cancer hamster model. In order to develop safe ACS c-SLNs for clinical applications, it is vital to investigate their toxicity. Thus, we performed acute 3-day, sub-acute 28-day and sub-chronic 90-day toxicity studies of ACS c-SLNs in the BALB/c mice model. The mice were orally gavaged once every 24h with 200 μl ACS c-SLNs at three concentrations: low dose ACS (2+4.5+0.16 mg/kg; 1/30th of high dose), medium dose ACS (20+45+1.6 mg/kg; 1/3rd of high dose) and high dose ACS (60+135+4.8 mg/kg). Total of 60 mice were used for this study (4 mice each group X 3 timepoints X 5 groups). A standard evaluation was performed, which included daily clinical signs, weekly body weight, end-of-study blood hematology, blood clinical chemistry, gross necropsy on all animals and hematoxylin and eosin-stained examination of range of tissues from each animal. The clinical chemistry tests include blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine (CRE), which indicate renal toxicity. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels indicate hepatic toxicity, while glucose (GLU) and total protein are measures of healthy growth. At the end-of-study, data revealed that mean body weight gain was consistent with low-, medium- and high-ACS c-SLN dose during acute, sub-acute and sub-chronic treatment period. The blood count and blood chemistry profiles revealed lack of systemic toxicity as the numbers were within normal ranges. Extensive histopathological examination of liver, kidney, heart, brain and pancreatic tissues showed no increase in treatment-related microscopic lesions in any of the three ACS c-SLN dose groups. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that repetitive oral administration of ACS c-SLN even at high concentrations was not associated with local or systemic toxicity and did not adversely affect the blood clinical chemistry of mice. Hence, long-term ACS c-SLN oral therapy is deemed safe for prevention of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Arvind Thakkar, Sushma Chenreddy, Jeffrey Wang, Sunil Prabhu. Preclinical systemic toxicity evaluation of chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated aspirin, curcumin and free sulforaphane (ACS) combinations in BALB/c mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2621