cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle-dependent fluctuation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its receptor, and inhibitors in cultured bovine mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells.

Abstract Bovine mammary epithelial (BME-UV1, clone E-T and BME-UV, clone E-T2) and myoepithelial (BMM-UV, clone m-T2) cell lines were used to study the modulation of cell-associated activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), as well as mRNA transcripts of u-PA, its receptor (u-PAR), and inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) during the cell cycle. After release from a growth arrest accomplished by growth factor deprivation, the length of the cell cycle was determined as 19–21 h, with G 1 , S, and G 2 +M phases of 6–7, 7–9, and 5–6 h respectively. As the cell cycle progressed, accumulated cell-associated u-PA activity increased. Maximal activity occurred at the S/G 2 boundary and decreased during the G 2 /M phases. All cell lines tested produced plasmin-specific inhibitor(s). Accumulation of u-PA mRNA peaked 3 h after stimulation into the growth cycle for m-T2 and E-T and during 3–6 h for E-T2 cells. Maximum levels of u-PAR mRNA were observed at 3 h for the E-T cell line, 6–9 h for E-T2 cells, and 3–9 h for m-T2 cells. The cell cycle distribution of the PAI-1 mRNA was similar to that of u-PA for both epithelial cell lines, while for m-T2 cells maximal accumulation of PAI-1 mRNA was detected at 3–9 h after growth initiation. The increase of PAI-2 mRNA transcription for m-T2 and E-T cells was detected at 3–6 h. The PAI-2 mRNA in E-T2 cells was under detectable levels. The data indicate that the expression of the constituents of the PA system in bovine mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells is not cell type-dependent but is tightly connected to the phase of the cell cycle.
Discriminating TATA box from putative TATA boxes in plant genome

The TATA box has been used successfully to identify a transcription start site (TSS) and thereby a promoter. Unfortunately, there are many substrings which fit the profile of a TATA box and such substrings are called putative TATA boxes. We have applied linear and non linear classifiers for discriminating TATA box from putative TATA boxes and have compared their performances. We have also investigated the influence of the length of the pair of sequences flanking a putative TATA box on the prediction accuracy. The techniques we have presented in this paper are general enough to be applicable to other domains or to other genomes.
Transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active retinoic acid receptor in the lens exhibit ocular defects

Abstract Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) modulate gene expression following association with retinoic acid (RA). In transient transfection, an RARα-β-galactosidase fusion protein (RAR-LacZ) was able to transactivate expression in the absence of RA. When expressed in the ocular lens of transgenic mice, this constitutively active RAR-LacZ fusion gene resulted in founder and progeny animals that exhibited cataracts and microphthalmia, both being characteristics of retinoid-in-duced teratogenesis. The transgenic phenotypes indicate that retinoid teratogenesis can be mimicked by expression of a constitutively active RAR-LacZ fusion protein in retinoid-sensitive tissues.
Mechanical aspects of clathrin cage formation

The principal component of the coats of endocytic vesicles involved in the receptor-mediated uptake of materials from the surfaces of eucaryotic cells is a protein known as clathrin. Clathrin normally appears as a three-legged trimer joined at a common hub (a 'triskelion') which, under appropriate conditions, co-assembles with other triskelia to form variablysized polyhedra ('cages', or 'baskets') that contain pentagonal and hexagonal faces. The size distribution of the cages can be described by a simple energetic model which contains, as a parameter, the flexural rigidity, El, of the edges (struts) of the baskets. By comparing the values of El thus obtained with similar quantities determined by analyzing electron micrographs of isolated triskelia (A. J. Jin, R. Nossal, Biophys. J. 2000, 78, 1183), we infer that one role of clathrin-associated proteins known as 'assembly proteins' is to link the intertwined legs of neighboring triskelia to prevent slippage when the cages are stressed.
The effects of aging on in vitro fertilization of rabbit eggs and subsequent embryonic development.

Experiments were conducted at the Yale School of Medicine to determine the fertilizability of intact cumulus devoid and corona-devoid rabbit eggs aged in vitro prior to exposure to fresh sperm in vitro. Ova donors were primed with 1 mg/day follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and then induced to ovulate with 2.5 mg luteinizing hormone (LH). The same donors were dispatched by air embolism 13 hours following the LH injection for aging in vitro and 12 or 13 hours after LH for transfer experiments. Sperm capacitators were killed either 14-16 hours after normal mating for transfer studies or 13-18 hours after mating the timing dependent on the length of in vitro aging of eggs. In vitro aging failed to appreciably lower the eggs subsequent fertilizability in vitro with fresh sperm. The intact and cumulus-devoid eggs were slightly less fertilizable than the corona-devoid eggs when aged for 2 1/2 hours (70% 68% 91% respectively) but this difference disappeared when the aging period was six hours (83% 82% 91%) or 12 hours (83% 81% 82%). Chromosome complements varied from hypodiploid to polyploid in all groups despite the aging period. Embryo viability from all groups as determined by continued cleavage in vitro was much reduced when compared to that of the similarly cultured unaged eggs. No observable correlation was found between ploidy and development in culture; polyploid complements especially triploids were found in both advanced and retarded stages. The potential effect of earlier aging was studied through the transfer of two to four cell embryos to pseudopregnant recipients. Embryos obtained from eggs recovered 13 hours post-LH and fertilized in vitro displayed low implantation rates and none of the implants developed to full term fetuses. The development of embryos from eggs recovered 12 hours post-LH failed to differ significantly from embryos fertilized in vivo and cultured prior to transfer 21% and 24% respectively of the embryos transferred developed to term. Several of the offspring were raised to maturity; those from the in vivo fertilized embryos have appeared normal their eggs and sperm displaying no obvious defects. 2 out of 14 of the in vitro fertilized offspring displayed limb defects resembling splayleg thought to be a recessive genetic trait. Whether conditions of in vitro fertilization might favor the union of two gametes carrying the recessive gene is unknown.
Specific modulation of brain stimulation reward by haloperidol.

Abstract Low doses of haloperidol (3–18 μg/kg) caused dose related increases in reinforcing thresholds for self-stimulation to the medial forebrain bundle in rats. These effects, which were demonstrated completely independent of performance variables, indicate a direct modulation of central reinforcement processes by this drug, at doses which have highly selective action on dopaminergic neurotransmission.
De novo myocardial regeneration: advances and pitfalls.

Abstract The capability of adult tissue-derived stem cells for cardiogenesis has been extensively studied in experimental animals and clinical studies for treatment of postischemic cardiomyopathy. The less-than-anticipated improvement in the heart function in most clinical studies with skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow cells has warranted a search for alternative sources of stem cells. Despite their multilineage differentiation potential, ethical issues, teratogenicity, and tissue rejection are main obstacles in developing clinically feasible methods for embryonic stem cell transplantation into patients. A decade-long research on embryonic stem cells has paved the way for discovery of alternative approaches for generating pluripotent stem cells. Genetic manipulation of somatic cells for pluripotency genes reprograms the cells to pluripotent status. Efforts are currently focused to make reprogramming protocols safer for clinical applications of the reprogrammed cells. We summarize the advancements and com...
Estimation of Mutagenic/Carcinogenic potential of environmental contaminants by ion-molecule reactions and tandem mass spectrometry

The ability to produce and detect products of model DNA/carcinogen ion-molecule reactions is demonstrated in the ion source and the collision cell of a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. Reaction between adenine and benzoyl chloride in the ion source is shown to produce the DNA adduct benzoyl adenine. The daughter ion mass spectrum of the reaction product is compared to that of the synthesized standard. Mass chromatograms of the reaction between mass-selected pyridine ions and various analytes eluting from a GC column into the collision cell are demonstrated and illustrate the ability to detect only the GC eluates that react with pyridine. This technique could provide a rapid and sensitive method for screening complex environmental samples for carcinogens, as well as for estimating the relative mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of environmental contaminants.
Development of miniature electromechanical pressure sensor arrays (MEMPSA) for high-resolution thermospheric and mesospheric neutral wind measurement

We have developed a design for a neutral wind instrument for the upper atmosphere based on arrays of miniature pressure sensors. The elements of the array are tunnel displacement transducers (TDT's). We have characterized the TDT, a microelectomechanical system (MEMS), and evaluated TDT capabilities for the determination of pressure within a 2—D array. This is an approach for direct measurement of neutral winds. The sensitivity of the TDT is critical for this application. The output signal of a TDT is the bias voltage dependent tunneling current. This is a differential signal in a force balanced TDT due to the fact that a restoring force is applied to the diaphragm in order to restore the tunneling current to a fixed value. We have fabricated and assembled a custom test apparatus for the TDT based sensor arrays. We have demonstrated simultaneous collection of data from 4 TDT's that were hybrid assemblies of monolithic 2-TDT arrays. Results showed that correlation of the tunneling signal to the actual bias voltage difference required to balance the displacement force gives reasonable information for a pressure sensor and defines the required signal processing.
Volt/VAr optimization with energy savings for distribution system using intelligent control

The introduction of the smart grid concept and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies in the power systems area has attracted new attention to make distribution systems efficient and save more energy. Volt/VAr control is a commonly performed technique which enables utilities to run distribution systems on lower voltage resulting in higher energy savings. Although this technique has been implemented in distribution systems for a long time, new research is needed to adapt volt/VAr control with contemporary technologies' additional information and feedback. Voltage regulators and capacitor banks are used as two main control devices in the volt/VAr control scheme. With smart grid development, feedback from end-of-line (EOL) in distribution systems is provided. Furthermore, utilities installed more switch capacitors instead of fixed capacitor banks. In this paper, a volt/VAr control scheme is proposed to take aforementioned evolutions into account. The volt/VAr control problem is developed as an optimization problem in which the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to find an optimum solution for voltage regulator tap settings and switch capacitors status. The developed PSO algorithm is validated against an enumerative search strategy to ensure its correct execution. The proposed algorithms are implemented on the IEEE 13 bus distribution test system.
Satiety contributes little to within-session decreases in responding

Abstract Responding often increases to a peak and then decreases within experimental sessions when subjects respond during operant conditioning procedures. The present experiments tested three implications of the idea that “satiation” produces the late-session decreases in responding. In Experiment 1, the late-session decreases were not altered when the caloric density of the reinforcer changed. In Experiment 2, the late-session decreases were not altered by changing the subject's state of deprivation, or the amount of food they were intubated with before the session. In Experiment 3, the late-session decreases were not altered by changing the size of the reinforcer by a factor of 3. The decreases began earlier and were steeper when reinforcers were 5 times as large. These results indicate that satiation, as operationalized in these experiments, does not cause the late session decreases in responding. Satiation may alter these decreases if large amounts of reinforcement are delivered.
Practicing Sectarianism in Mandate Lebanon: Shi c i Cemeteries, Religious Patrimony, and the Everyday Politics of Difference

Shic i sectarianism in Lebanon first became institutionalized during the period of French Mandate rule, exemplified by the newly created Jacfari sharica court. Initially empowered to adjudicate matters of personal status law, the court also played an influential role beyond its walls. This article examines practical expressions of Shici sectarianism that manifested in a number of disputes over the ownership, administration, and protection of Shici cemeteries and other kinds of waqf (charitable endowment) property in Beirut and South Lebanon. Even as French Mandate colonialism and local elite interests encouraged the development of certain sectarian norms, the politics of cemetery protection illustrates the extent to which ordinary people, religious authorities, and rural leaderships could appropriate the language of sectarianism as their own. Even as the cemetery became one site where struggles over space, communal autonomy, and sectarian rights were waged, sectarian difference would increasingly come to represent a unique hallmark of national inclusion.
Stellar C III Emissions as a New Classification Parameter for [WC] Central Stars

We report detection of stellar C III lambda 1909 emission in International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) echelle spectra of early-type [WC] planetary nebula central stars (CSPNs). Additionally, stellar C III emission at lambda 2297 is observed in early- and late-type [WC) CSPNS. Inclusion of these C III features for abundance determinations may resolve a conflict of underabundance of C/O for early type [WC2] - [WC4] CSPNS. A linear dependence on stellar C III lambda 2297 equivalent widths can be used to indicate a new classification of type [WCUV] central stars.
BRASSICASTEROL AND 22,23-DIHYDROBRASSICASTEROL FROM ERGOSTEROL VIA I-ERGOSTEROL.

Abstract Since the method most commonly employed for the preparation of brassicasterol gave brassicasterol acetate in an overall 4% to 5% yield, an alternate method for the preparation of gram quantities of brassicasterol and 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol was investigated. The partial syntheses of brassicasterol and 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol are described. Brassicasterol and 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol were obtained in an overall yield of 25% and 20%, respectively, from ergosterol via i -ergosterol.
Tumor diagnosis using short-lived radioactive compounds: a new approach.

Abstract A new approach is proposed for tumor detection using the scintillation camera and compounds labeled with shortlived radioisotopes. In this method, the patient is administered an agent that induces physiologic alterations within the tumor region, thereby facilitating the uptake of appropriate radioactively labeled compounds. Scintillation camera photoscans of the patient are taken both before and after inducing the alteration in tumor tissue that leads to enhanced uptake of radioisotope. An area showing a significant difference in count rates between these two photoscans would be suspected of harboring a tumor. Methods are presented for inducing selective uptake of radioisotopes in tumor tissue, and for testing the applicability of this procedure in tumor diagnosis.
Three-dimensional chemical analysis with synchrotron tomography at multiple X-ray energies: Brominated aromatic flame retardant and antimony oxide in polystyrene

Synchrotron X-ray tomography is used to image, at 3.34 μm resolution, a mixture containing high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and a two-component flame retardant, a brominated phthalimide dimer (Saytex BT-93), and a synergist, antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ). Complete tomography data sets were acquired at seven X-ray energies in the range of 12-40 keV, closely spanning Br and Sb Is electron binding energies at 13.474 and 30.491 keV, respectively. Data acquisition required 8 h. Quantification is done for a representative subvolume of 0.582 mm 3 containing 250 3 cubic volume elements (voxels) which is fitted to a model for X-ray voxel linear attenuation coefficient, yielding the three-dimensional concentration distribution of the flame retardant and the synergist. With successive thresholding, a particle size distribution algorithm yields regions of low flame retardant concentration-a potential safety concern-and regions of excessively high flame retardant concentration-a waste of an expensive product.
Reactions and reactivity of Co-bpdc coordination polymers (bpdc = 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate).

By choosing a suitable metal center, ligand, and solvents, we have revealed several structural transformations involving a polymer precursor. [Co(bpdc)(H2O)2]·H2O (1) was prepared by reaction of Na2bpdc and Co(NO3)2 in aqueous solution. Immersing 1 in pyridine/water solutions of (2:1) and (8:1) ratios yielded a second one-dimensional structure [Co(bpdc)(py)2(H2O)2]·2py (2) and a two-dimensional structure [Co(bpdc)(py)2]·H2O (3), respectively. After heating 1 under N2 to remove all water within the structure, the compound Co(bpdc) (IR) was obtained. When IR was immersed in solutions of pyridine/water (5:4) and in pure pyridine (in air), a third one-dimensional structure of [Co(bpdc)(py)2(H2O)2]·2py·H2O (4) and 3, respectively, were obtained. Compounds 2−4 easily transformed to 1 when immersed in water. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 6.950(1), b = 31.585(6), and c = 6.226(1) A, β = 95.84(3)°, Z = 4. Crystal data for 2: triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.646(2), b = 10.352(2),...
Popular science periodicals in Paris and London: the emergence of a low scientific culture, 1820-1875.

Summary Efforts to diffuse useful knowledge on the part of dedicated social reformers, enterprising publishers, and vigorous voluntary associations created new forms of popular literature in the urban centres of Paris and London during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Popular science periodicals, especially, embodied the aims of the advocates of cheap literature, by providing ‘improving’ information at prices low enough to reach readers who might otherwise purchase potentially dangerous political tracts. Besides promoting social stability, popular science periodicals served to answer the needs of diverse increasingly literate, leisured, and well paid social groups. From their inception, through their evolution over half a century, periodicals in London and Paris mirrored these similar commitments and concerns of their creators. Continuous imitation back and forth across the Channel indicated just how closely English and French editors shared common programmes. Yet despite the similar aspirati...
Binge drinking in African American males from adolescence to young adulthood: the protective influence of religiosity, family connectedness, and close friends' substance use.

We examined the contribution of culturally relevant protective factors (i.e., adolescent religiosity, family connectedness, and perceived close friends’ substance use) to the probability of young adult binge drinking among African American males. Participants (n = 1,599) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were high school age adolescents (14–18 years, M = 16) at Wave 1 and young adults (18–26, M = 22) at Wave 3. Adolescent binge drinking was associated with all three protective factors. Perceived close friends’ substance use in adolescence was a protective factor in later binge drinking during young adulthood, and was moderated by age such that the effect was stronger for younger adolescents. Implications for culturally relevant research and prevention are discussed.
Radiological sinonasal findings in adults with cystic fibrosis.

BackgroundCare of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has extended the expected survival far into adulthood. The morphological changes of adult CF patients’ paranasal sinuses have not been thoroughly add...
Antidepressant treatment of cytokine-induced mood disorders.

Significant evidence suggests that the immune system is capable of profoundly affecting central nervous system (CNS) functioning in ways that may contribute to the development and expression of neuropsychiatric disorders, including disorders of mood. This paper reviews evidence that the production of proinflammatory cytokines, whether in the context of therapeutic administration (e.g. interferon-α-2b for hepatitis C infection) or medical illness, induces a state of sickness behavior that closely resembles major depression. Antidepressants have been shown to abolish or attenuate cytokine-induced sickness behavior in laboratory animals and to protect against the development of major depression in the context of therapeutic cytokine administration in humans. Potential mechanisms by which antidepressants ameliorate depressive and/or sickness symptoms in the context of immune activation include direct effects on immune cell functioning, as well as modulatory effects on monoamine neurotransmitters, intracellular second messenger pathways and the neuroendocrine system, in particular the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.
The Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) And The Lessons We Learned From It

I have spoken several times, in different locations, about the Multiple Mirror Telescope and what it is. This is the last time, at least at SPIE. In this engineering symposium it would be appropriate to discuss some of the lessons that we have learned from the project. This will include both positive and negative lessons along with some illustrations which will help you understand why I consider them something we have learned. The comments made here are to be interpreted as mine and will be primarily related to the optical fabrication. Others on the project may view some of these problems in a different light!
A Study of the Interchangeability of Gas Detector Tubes and Pumps

This study investigates interchangeability of the length-of-stain gas detector tubes and sampling pumps of different manufacturers and the obtaining of acceptable results. Carbon monoxide was used as the contaminant and various relationships such as pressure-time, flow rate-time, and actual interchange data were evaluated. Interchanging gas detector tubes and sampling pumps of different manufacturers is not recommended.
Analysis of Ligand-Macromolecule Contacts: Computational Methods

Due to the many technological advancements in biology and development of new fields such as biotechnology and bioinformatics, our knowledge of cellular functions has been growing rapidly; and Biology has entered the Information Age. Along with the technological advancements has come a rapid increase in identification of biomolecular targets involved in diseases. Recently, structure-based drug design studies have emphasized integration of the clinical, cellular, biochemical, structural, and biophysical knowledge of the target. Due to advances in sequencing the human genome, in chemical synthesis and structure determination of biological targets using X-ray and NMR techniques, and in high-performance computing, many scientists from both experimental and theoretical fields focus on structure-based drug design. As scientists in such wide-ranging disciplines, we must understand the data from and educate one another about the strengths and weaknesses of our various disciplines. Since 1990, we have been using computers to visually evaluate ligand binding. In this review, the author will focus on computational methods that not only visualize but also quantify the nature and strength of ligand-macromolecule contacts. Such quantification can be very useful both for medicinal chemists to design ligands and for molecular biologists to design rational protein design experiments to study the effect of amino acid changes on ligand binding.
Motivations for Gratifications of Digital Music Piracy Among College Students

This article reports on a quantitative survey done at a large eastern university to study motivations for gratifications of digital music piracy among college students. The study found that economic utility, collection utility, and social utility all motivate digital music piracy. A key finding was that social utility was the most important motivation for illegal downloading. Looking at music piracy as a social phenomenon may be a key to improving the effectiveness of antipiracy strategies.
Existence and uniqueness of stochastic equilibrium in a simple macro model

Abstract This paper demonstrates that even the simplest rational expectations macro model may be plagued by nonexistent or multiple equilibria. The reason for these problems is the postulated existence of risk-averse behavior on the part of labor suppliers and purchasers of durable commodities. This risk-averse behavior introduces the price forecast variance into the behavioral parameters of the model, thus leading to a simultaneous nonlinear system.
Effective Instruction for English Learners

The fastest-growing student population in U.S. schools today is children of immigrants, half of whom do not speak English fluently and are thus labeled English learners. Although the federal government requires school districts to provide services to English learners, it offers states no policies to follow in identifying, assessing, placing, or instructing them. Margarita Calderon, Robert Slavin, and Marta Sanchez identify the elements of effective instruction and review a variety of successful program models. During 2007-08, more than 5.3 million English learners made up 10.6 percent of the nation's K-12 public school enrollment. Wide and persistent achievement disparities between these English learners and English-proficient students show clearly, say the authors, that schools must address the language, literacy, and academic needs of English learners more effectively. Researchers have fiercely debated the merits of bilingual and English-only reading instruction. In elementary schools, English learners commonly receive thirty minutes of English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction but attend general education classes for the rest of the day, usually with teachers who are unprepared to teach them. Though English learners have strikingly diverse levels of skills, in high school they are typically lumped together, with one teacher to address their widely varying needs. These in-school factors contribute to the achievement disparities. Based on the studies presented here, Calderon, Slavin, and Sanchez assert that the quality of instruction is what matters most in educating English learners. They highlight comprehensive reform models, as well as individual components of these models: school structures and leadership; language and literacy instruction; integration of language, literacy, and content instruction in secondary schools; cooperative learning; professional development; parent and family support teams; tutoring; and monitoring implementation and outcomes. As larger numbers of English learners reach America's schools, K-12 general education teachers are discovering the need to learn how to teach these students. Schools must improve the skills of all educators through comprehensive professional development-an ambitious but necessary undertaking that requires appropriate funding.
Outcomes in Rural and Urban Home Health Agencies

This study used Home Health Compare data to determine whether rural and urban home care agencies differ in terms of patient care outcomes. Small differences in the quality of care provided by home health agencies in urban and rural areas were found. Measured in terms of improvement in functional outcomes, differences were generally less than 2 percentage points, and rural agencies' performance was neither consistently better nor consistently worse than that of their urban counterparts. When measured as adverse events, rural and urban differences were not significant. Even though results were statistically significant, this does not imply that they were important or clinically meaningful; rather, results suggest that rural and urban agencies' performance on the set of outcomes measured in this study is relatively comparable. This is an encouraging result given concerns that access to skilled providers (e.g., occupational therapists) is limited in many rural communities. Additional research is needed to ide...
On the calculation of equilibrium time correlation functions in hard-sphere fluids

We discuss in detail techniques that have been used to determine single-particle equilibrium time correlation functions in a hard-sphere fluid on the basis of kinetic theory. The accuracy of various procedures is assessed.
Feature extraction and fusion for protein structure identification in cryo-electron microscopic images using independent component analysis and the projection-slice synthetic filter

In this paper we utilize the Projection-Slice Synthetic Discriminant Function Filters, PSDF, in concert with an Independent Component Analysis technique to simultaneously reduce the data set that represents each of the training images and to emphasize subtle differences in each of the training images. These differences are encoded into the PSDF in order to improve the filter sensitivity for the recognition and identification of protein images formed from a cryo-electron microscopic imaging process. The PSDF and Independent Component Analysis provide a premise not only for the identification of the class of structures under consideration, but also for detecting the orientation of the structures in these images. The protein structures found in cryo-electron microscopic imaging represent a class of objects that have low resolution and contrast and subtle variation. This poses a challenge in design of filters to recognize these structures due to false targets that often have similar characteristics as the protein structures. The incorporation of a component analysis and eigen values conditioning in forming the filter provides an enhanced approach of de-correlating images prior to their incorporation into the filter. We present our method of filter synthesis and the results of the application of this modified filter to a protein structure recognition problem.
A Common Mechanism for Cytoplasmic Dynein-Dependent Microtubule Binding Shared among Adeno-Associated Virus and Adenovirus Serotypes

During infection, adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) undergoes microtubule-dependent retrograde transport as part of a program of vectorial transport of viral genome to the nucleus. A microtubule binding assay was used to evaluate the hypothesis that cytoplasmic dynein mediates AAV interaction with microtubules. Binding of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) was enhanced in a nucleotide-dependent manner by the presence of total cellular microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) but not cytoplasmic dynein-depleted MAPs. Excess AAV2 capsid protein prevented microtubule binding by AAV serotypes 2, 5, and rh.10, as well as adenovirus serotype 5, indicating that similar binding sites are used by these viruses.
The low-lying levels of 20F

Abstract Directional-correlation measurements of γ-rays with protons in the reaction 18 O( 3 He, pγ) 20 F through several of the levels of 20 F up to 3 MeV in excitation have been made in collinear reaction geometry. With this extension of our earlier work has been combined an extensive review of all available experimental work bearing on each of the levels discussed. The spin and parity assignments ensuing are compatible with earlier publications; usually they are more restricted and in two cases unambiguous: 656 keV, J π = 3+, and 2044 keV, J π = 2 + . Branching ratios for all of the levels in this range have been measured and are reported, as are the multipole mixing ratios deduced for all of the γ-ray transitions studied.
GenBase: a complex analytics genomics benchmark

This paper introduces a new benchmark designed to test database management system (DBMS) performance on a mix of data management tasks (joins, filters, etc.) and complex analytics (regression, singular value decomposition, etc.) Such mixed workloads are prevalent in a number of application areas including most science workloads and web analytics. As a specific use case, we have chosen genomics data for our benchmark and have constructed a collection of typical tasks in this domain. In addition to being representative of a mixed data management and analytics workload, this benchmark is also meant to scale to large dataset sizes and multiple nodes across a cluster. Besides presenting this benchmark, we have run it on a variety of storage systems including traditional row stores, newer column stores, Hadoop, and an array DBMS. We present performance numbers on all systems on single and multiple nodes, and show that performance differs by orders of magnitude between the various solutions. In addition, we demonstrate that most platforms have scalability issues. We also test offloading the analytics onto a coprocessor. The intent of this benchmark is to focus research interest in this area; to this end, all of our data, data generators, and scripts are available on our web site.
Longitudinal study of neuropathic deficits and nerve conduction abnormalities in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1

We measured neuropathic deficit (neurologic disability score [NDS]) and attributes of nerve conduction in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN 1) in cross-sectional evaluation of 69 patients and in longitudinal evaluation over approximately 15 years in 31 of them. Neuropathic deficit worsened by 0.6 NDS point per year in patients 5 to 14 years old at first evaluation, by 1.1 points in patients 15 to 39 years old, and by 0.9 point in patients 40 or more years old. Neuropathic deficit was greater in HMSN 1b (the disorder linked to Duffy) than in HMSN la (not linked to Duffy). Nerve conduction attributes changed significantly depending on attribute studied, age, and nerve. In patients evaluated serially, ulnar conduction velocity (CV) increased by a few meters per second in patients who were 5 to 14 or 15 to 39 years old at first examination, but decreased in patients who were older. In serial measurements, peroneal nerve amplitude decreased in all 3 age groups. We found an association between CV and amplitude or NDS at first and last examinations, suggesting an association between severity of the CV abnormality and neuropathic deficit. The severity of the CV abnormality in the young appears to predict later neurologic abnormality.
Antibody Specificity studies for Reserpine, its Metabolites, and Synthetic Reserpine Congeners: Radioimmimoassay

Progress in the development of radioimmunoassay techniques for reserpine and related compounds is reported. A conjugate of reserpine with human serum albumin was prepared, involving linkage at the indole nitrogen atom of reserpine. Injection of the purified conjugate into sheep elicited antibodies of high titer, which bound reserpine selectively. Tritiated reserpine was employed in the procedure, and dextran-coated charcoal was utilized to separate free and bound forms of the drug. Antibodies exhibited a selectivity for reserpine and did not cross-react significantly with major human metabolites. Cross-reactivity of antibodies with other reserpine derivatives (i.e., syrosingopine, deserpidine, and rescinnamine) also was investigated. A stable tritiated or radioiodinated reserpine derivative of high specific activity is being sought to improve assay sensitivity for use in bioequivalence and bio-availability studies. In the absence of any extraction or concentration procedures, at least a 10-fold increase in immunoassay sensitivity would lie required to follow reserpine levels in humans given normal doses of the drug. The methods show promise also for the assay of reserpine derivatives such as deserpidine, which exhibits cross-reactivity to reserpine antibodies.
Acute and Chronic Experimental Optic Neuritis: Alteration in the Blood-Optic Nerve Barrier

• Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracer studies in experimental allergic optic neuritis showed alterations in the blood-optic nerve barrier. Light and electron microscopic examination of the optic disc disclosed intense leakage of HRP at the lamina scleralis, with extracellular staining of both axonal and glial columns, despite the lack of inflammation at this region. The intraorbital optic nerve showed leakage of HRP at the sites of both acute and chronic demyelination. Ultrastructurally, leakage of HRP was confined to the perivascular and extracellular spaces. The mechanism of leakage seems to be by diffusion through the endothelial cell junctions or vesicular transport across the endothelial cells. The high predilection for involvement of the optic nerve in chronic demyelinating disorders may be due to the inherent weakness of the blood-brain barrier at the optic nerve head.
Supervised learning of tools for content-based search of image databases

A computer environment, called the Toolkit for Image Mining (TIM), is being developed with the goal of enabling users with diverse interests and varied computer skills to create search tools for content-based image retrieval and other pattern matching tasks. Search tools are generated using a simple paradigm of supervised learning that is based on the user pointing at mistakes of classification made by the current search tool. As mistakes are identified, a learning algorithm uses the identified mistakes to build up a model of the user's intentions, construct a new search tool, apply the search tool to a test image, display the match results as feedback to the user, and accept new inputs from the user. Search tools are constructed in the form of functional templates, which are generalized matched filters capable of knowledge- based image processing. The ability of this system to learn the user's intentions from experience contrasts with other existing approaches to content-based image retrieval that base searches on the characteristics of a single input example or on a predefined and semantically- constrained textual query. Currently, TIM is capable of learning spectral and textural patterns, but should be adaptable to the learning of shapes, as well. Possible applications of TIM include not only content-based image retrieval, but also quantitative image analysis, the generation of metadata for annotating images, data prioritization or data reduction in bandwidth-limited situations, and the construction of components for larger, more complex computer vision algorithms.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl Group VI Metal Carbonyl Anions and Divalent Tin(IV) Derivatives

Salts of (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl (CpN) group VI metal carbonyl anions ([M(CO)3(η5-CpN)]- (M = Cr, Mo, W)), important reagents for studies involving CpN, have been characterized by ...
Electrical engineering: Some experiences with the X ray

November 1945 commemorates the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the penetrating power of the X ray by William Conrad Roentgen. Here another pioneer discusses some of his early experiences with the tube, its gradual evolution, and its current importance.
Thermal response and hyperthermic radiosensitization of scid mouse bone marrow CFU-C.

Abstract Purpose: Scid mice are severely immunodeficient as a result of a defective recombinase system. Mice with the scid mutation have been shown to have an increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation, presumably as a result of an inability to repair DNA damage. Little is known of the impact of this mutation on the thermal response and on hyperthermic radiosensitization. This investigation established the thermal response (42–44°C), patterns of thermotolerance development, and the impact of hyperthermia (60 min at 40°C or 42°C) on the radiation response of bone marrow colony forming unit—culture cells (CFU-C) in scid mice. Methods and Materials: Anesthetized scid mice (pentobarbital, 90 mg/kg) were killed by cervical dislocation and the nucleated marrow obtained from both tibia and femora by passing 2 ml of cold McCoy's 5A medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum through each bone. Single cell suspensions of nucleated marrow were heated in 12 × 75 mm sterile tissue culture tubes at a concentration of approximately 5 × 10 6 cells/ml. Radiation, when used, was delivered immediately prior to hyperthermia by a 137 Cs irradiator (dose rate of 1.20 Gy/min). Colony forming unit—culture were cultured in semisolid agar in the presence of colony stimulating factor (conditioned medium from L929 cells) for 7 days. Results: The slope of the radiation dose—response curve for CFU-C in scid mice was biphasic, the Dos (± SE) were 0.29 ± 0.03 Gy and 1.09 ± 0.20 Gy, respectively. The Dos of the radiation dose—response curve for wild type marrow from CB-17 and Balb/c mice were 1.28 ± 0.05 Gy and 1.47 ± 0.15 Gy, respectively. The Dos of the hyperthermia dose—response curves for scid mice were 75 ± 5, 10 ± 1.4, and 4 ± 0.2 min, respectively, for temperatures of 42°, 43°, and 44°C. Thermotolerance development at 37°C increased to a maximum at approximately 240 min after acute hyperthermia (15 min at 44°C) and thereafter, decreased to control levels within 15 h. Thermotolerance did not develop in scid CFU-C during chronic hyperthermia at temperatures Conclusion: These results show that the thermal response and the pattern of thermotolerance development of scid CFU-C were similar to that of wild type Balb/c CFU-C, but that hyperthermia given immediately after ionizing radiation did not alter the radiation response of scid CFU-C. The scid mutation does not increase hyperthermic sensitivity or change the pattern of thermotolerance development of scid mouse CFU-C, implying that the scid mutation is not involved with thermal response, but does render the already radiation-sensitive scid cells incapable of thermal radiosensitization.
Building virtual worlds with VRML

VRML makes it easy to create virtual worlds. The article reviews VRML's syntax and features as well as its world construction and animation abilities. In 1995, VRML 1.0 began primarily as a shape description language. The following year, VRML 2.0 redefined the language, extending it to support sound, fog, backgrounds, animation, and user interaction. Today, the designers of VRML are in the midst of designing the next generation of VRML, code-named "VRML NG". A first draft specification should be ready in early 1999, with a final specification and VRML browser implementations by the end of the year.
Coactive scheduling and checkpoint determination during high level synthesis of self-recovering microarchitectures

The growing trend towards VLSI implementation of crucial tasks in critical applications has increased both the demand for and the scope of fault-tolerant VLSI systems. In this paper, we present a self-recovering microarchitecture synthesis system. In a self-recovering microarchitecture, intermediate results are compared at regular intervals, and if correct saved in registers (checkpointing). On the other hand, on detecting a fault, the self-recovering microarchitecture rolls back to a previous checkpoint and retries. The proposed synthesis system comprises of a heuristic and an optimal subsystem. The heuristic synthesis subsystem has two components. Whereas the checkpoint insertion algorithm identifies good checkpoints by successively eliminating clock cycle boundaries that either have a high checkpoint overhead or violate the retry period constraint, the novel edge-based schedule, assigns edges to clock cycle boundaries, in addition to scheduling nodes to clock cycles. Also, checkpoint insertion and edge-based scheduling are intertwined using a flexible synthesis methodology. We additionally show an Integer Linear Programming model for the self-recovering microarchitecture synthesis problem. The resulting ILP formulation can minimize either the number of voters or the overall hardware, subject to constraints on the number of clock cycles the retry period, and the number of checkpoints. >
Experimental transmission of equine hepacivirus in horses as a model for hepatitis C virus.

Equine hepacivirus (EHCV; nonprimate hepacivirus) is a hepatotropic member of the Flaviviridae family that infects horses. Although EHCV is the closest known relative to hepatitis C virus (HCV), its complete replication kinetics in vivo have not been described, and direct evidence that it causes hepatitis has been lacking. In this study, we detected EHCV in 2 horses that developed post-transfusion hepatitis. Plasma and serum from these horses were used to experimentally transmit EHCV to 4 young adult Arabian horses, two 1-month-old foals (1 Arabian and 1 Arabian-pony cross), and 2 foals (1 Arabian and 1 Arabian-pony cross) with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Our results demonstrated that EHCV had infection kinetics similar to HCV and that infection was associated with acute and chronic liver disease as measured by elevations of liver-specific enzymes and/or by histopathology. Although most of these animals were coinfected with equine pegivirus (EPgV), also a flavivirus, EPgV viral loads were much lower and often undetectable in both liver and blood. Three additional young adult Arabian-pony crosses and 1 SCID foal were then inoculated with plasma containing only EHCV, and evidence of mild hepatocellular damage was observed. The different levels of liver-specific enzyme elevation, hepatic inflammation, and duration of viremia observed during EHCV infection suggested that the magnitude and course of liver disease was mediated by the virus inoculum and/or by host factors, including breed, age, and adaptive immune status. Conclusion: This work documents the complete infection kinetics and liver pathology associated with acute and chronic EHCV infection in horses and further justifies it as a large animal model for HCV. (Hepatology 2015;61:1533–1546)
A meta-analysis of the predictors and consequences of organization-based self-esteem

Organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), which represents employees' beliefs about their own value and competence as organizational members, has attracted much recent research attention. In the current paper, we identified several theoretically based predictors and consequences of OBSE. We then conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationships between OBSE and these variables. Results indicated that several hypothesized predictors, including the work environment and employee dispositions, were related to OBSE. Furthermore, OBSE was related to several hypothesized outcome variables including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employee health, job performance, and organizational citizenship behaviour. As expected, OBSE generally yielded stronger relationships with work-related variables than did general self-esteem and we found evidence that OBSE mediated the relationships between general self-esteem and work-related criteria.