cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A scheduling strategy in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs) using surface mount technology (SMT)

Abstract A scheduling strategy for a company that manufacturers printed circuit boards is presented. This firm makes on an average over 70 different ceramic boards in a month to customer specification using Surface Mount Technology. These hybrid circuit boards are made to order. Therefore, the objective in the scheduling strategy is to minimize the number of tardy jobs and minimize the makespan.
Identification, characterization, and localization to Chromosome 17q21-22 of the human TBX2 homolog, member of a conserved developmental gene family

The T-box motif is present in a family of gene whose structural features and expression patterns support their involvement in developmental gene regulation. Previously, sequence comparisons among the T-box domains of ten vertebrate and invertebrate T-box (Tbx) genes established a phylogenetic tree with three major branches. The Tbx2-related branch includes mouse Mm-Tbx2 and Mm-Tbx3, Drosophila optomotor-blind (Dm-Omb), and Caenorhabditis elegans Ce-Tbx2 and Ce-Tbx7 genes. From the localization of Mm-Tbx2 to Chromosome (Chr) 11, we focused our search for the human homolog, Hs-TBX2, within a region of synteny conservation on Chr 17q. We used Dm-Omb polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to amplify a 137-basepair (bp) product from human genomic, Chr 17 monochromosome hybrid, and fetal kidney cDNA templates. The human PCR product showed 89% DNA sequence identity and 100% petide sequence identity to the corresponding T-box segment of Mm-Tbx2. The putative Hs-TBX2 locus was isolated within a YAC contig that included three anonymous markers, D17S792, D17S794, and D17S948, located at Chr 17q21-22. Hybridization-and PCR-based screening of a 15-week fetal kidney cDNA library yielded several TBX2 clones. Sequence analysis of clone λcTBX2-1 confirmed homology to Mm-Tbx2-90% DNA sequence identity over 283 nt, and 96% peptide sequence identity over 94 amino acids. Similar analysis of Hs-TBX2 cosmid 15F11 confirmed the cDNA coding sequence and also identified a 1.7-kb intron located at the same relative position as in Mm-Tbx2. Phylogenetic analyses of the T-box domain sequences found in several vertebrate and invertebrate species further suggested that the putative human TBX2 and mouse Tbx2 are true homologs. Northern blot analysis identified two major TBX2 transcripts of 3.5 and 2.8kb, with high levels of TBX2 expression in fetal kidney and lung; and in adult kidney, lung, ovary, prostate, spleen, and testis. Reduced expression levels were seen in heart, white blood cells, small intestine, and thymus. These results suggest that Hs-TBX2 could play important roles in both developmental and postnatal gene regulation.
Asymmetries in Simple Feature Searches for Color

Observers were required to search for and find a target stimulus that differed from distractor stimuli only in chromaticity. Pairs of target and distractor colors were chosen so that in some conditions the two members of a pair differed in hue, in saturation, or in both hue and saturation. For each type of condition, a number of pairs of colors representing varying degrees of perceptual difference were chosen. Each member of each pair of colors served as both the target and distractor color while the other member of the pair served in the remaining role. The largest asymmetries in search times occurred when the target and distractors differed in saturation. Somewhat smaller asymmetries occurred with differences in both saturation and hue, and no asymmetries occurred with hue differences. Results suggest that the asymmetries are related to the time required to encode and transmit the chromatic information centrally rather than the properties of the search process itself.
Bose-Einstein condensation in solid 4He

There has been considerable speculation about the possibility that solid 4He can exist in a Bose condensed state closely analogous to the ordered state of superfluid 4He. Extending the arguments of Chester, Penrose, and Onsager, we have made quantitative predictions of the λ anomaly in the solid phase. We predict a critical temperature Tc ~ 10−2 K near melting (falling off rapidly with increasing pressure). Experimental implications are briefly discussed.
The Dunce cAMP Phosphodiesterase PDE-4 Negatively Regulates Gαs-Dependent and Gαs-Independent cAMP Pools in the Caenorhabditis elegans Synaptic Signaling Network

Forward genetic screens for mutations that rescue the paralysis of ric-8 (Synembryn) reduction-of-function mutations frequently reveal mutations that cause hyperactivation of one or more components of the Gαs pathway. Here, we report that one of these mutations strongly reduces the function of the Dunce cAMP phosphodiesterase PDE-4 by disrupting a conserved active site residue. Loss of function and neural overexpression of PDE-4 have profound and opposite effects on locomotion rate, but drug-response assays suggest that loss of PDE-4 function does not affect steady-state acetylcholine release or reception. Our genetic analysis suggests that PDE-4 regulates both Gαs-dependent and Gαs-independent cAMP pools in the neurons controlling locomotion rate. By immunostaining, PDE-4 is strongly expressed throughout the nervous system, where it localizes to small regions at the outside boundaries of synaptic vesicle clusters as well as intersynaptic regions. The synaptic subregions containing PDE-4 are distinct from those containing active zones, as indicated by costaining with an antibody against the long form of UNC-13. This highly focal subsynaptic localization suggests that PDE-4 may exert its effects by spatially regulating intrasynaptic cAMP pools.
Effectiveness of bracing in male patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN A review of a clinical series was performed. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of orthotic treatment in male patients with idiopathic scoliosis and to compare with published data on female patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although males have been included in bracing studies, the number of males has been small, and there have been no studies of exclusively male braced patients. METHODS The medical records of 112 males with idiopathic scoliosis age > or =10 years who were prescribed orthoses were reviewed to confirm idiopathic etiology, determine the brace prescribed, and estimate compliance. Cobb angles and Risser signs were measured from radiographs at presentation, brace prescription, brace discontinuation, and final follow-up. Progression was defined as an increase in curve magnitude of 6 degrees. Surgical progression was defined as progression to 50 degrees and/or arthrodesis. The average age at brace prescription was 13.9 years, and 66% were Risser 0. Duration of treatment averaged 3.1 years. Curve magnitude at brace prescription averaged 33.1 degrees. The patients were observed an average of 1.2 years after the brace was discontinued. RESULTS Progression of 6 degrees occurred in 74% of boys, and 46% reached surgical thresholds. Curve progression was related to immature Risser status but not to age or curve magnitude. Progression to surgery was related to immature Risser status and initial curve magnitude. Curves measuring > or =30 degrees progressed to surgical magnitudes in >50% of patients. Compliance was good in only 38% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Bracing of male patients with idiopathic scoliosis is ineffective. Curves measuring > or =30 degrees are very likely to progress to surgery, especially in immature patients.
Adaptation to fluoranthene exposure in a laboratory population of fathead minnows

Tolerance of toxicant exposure is common in polluted sites in nature. However, in most cases, the processes underlying tolerance acquisition are not well understood. In the case of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particular, reports are lacking on the capacity for tolerance acquisition. To evaluate the potential for adaptation to this class of contaminants we exposed a large laboratory population of fathead minnows to fluoranthene, commonly a major constituent of PAH contamination. The exposure concentration chosen did not cause mortality but was sufficient to diminish reproductive capacity in exposed breeding fish relative to a control population. This level of exposure also significantly diminished hatching success and larval survivorship in the exposed population. The estimated value of selection against susceptibility (the product of all assessments of effect) was 0.67. Tests for tolerance acquisition included comparative larval 96-h LC50 determinations, and comparative juvenile median time to death (LT50) determinations. Enhanced tolerance was not apparent in the LC50 determinations, although an examination of the concentration-response distribution suggested an adverse effect due to egg and larval exposure to fluoranthene prior to the test. In contrast, results of the comparative LT50 determination indicated that the exposed population was approximately 30% more tolerant, relative to the control population, when exposed to an acutely toxic concentration of fluoranthene. These results suggest that tolerance to PAH exposure can occur in nature and that this population-level response needs to be examined relative to other recognized effects in PAH-contaminated areas.
English2MindMap: An Automated System for MindMap Generation from English Text

Mind Mapping is a well-known technique used in note taking and is known to encourage learning and studying. Besides, Mind Mapping can be a very good way to present knowledge and concepts in a visual form. Unfortunately there is no reliable automated tool that can generate Mind Maps from Natural Language text. This paper fills in this gap by developing the first evaluated automated system that takes a text input and generates a Mind Map visualization out of it. The system also could visualize large text documents in multilevel Mind Maps in which a high level Mind Map node could be expanded into child Mind Maps. The proposed approach involves understanding of the input text converting it into intermediate Detailed Meaning Representation (DMR). The DMR is then visualized with two proposed approaches, Single level or Multiple levels which is convenient for larger text. The generated Mind Maps from both approaches were evaluated based on Human Subject experiments performed on Amazon Mechanical Turk with various parameter settings.
Increased metabolism contributes to increased resting ventilation at high altitude

Ventilatory acclimation to high altitude results in an increase in total or minute ventilation, and is associated with a fall in alveolar PCO2, i.e. alveolar hyperventilation. However, the extent to which the increase in total ventilation is matched by a greater metabolic rate (VO2, VCO2) vs alveolar hyperventilation is unclear. We sought to determine the contribution of changes in metabolic rate to the increase in minute ventilation observed during exposure to high altitude. In 12 healthy male subjects taken from Denver, Colorado (1600 m) to Pikes Peak, Colorado (4300 m) for 5 days, resting minute ventilation increased from low to high altitude (+ 26% for the 5 days) and arterialized PCO2 fell. Resting metabolic rate increased 16% for the 5 days and could account for more than half of the increase in minute ventilation. Among subjects the increases in ventilation on days 1, 2 and 4 were positively correlated with increased CO2 production; they were not correlated with arterial oxygen saturation on any day. During exercise at high altitude, PCO2 values were not different from those at rest and minute ventilation rose above low altitude values (+ 58% by day 5), but the increase could not be accounted for by an increased CO2 production. Thus at rest but not during exercise a substantial portion of the rise in minute ventilation could be attributed to increased metabolic rate.
Biosynthesis of aristeromycln: Evidence for the intermediacy of a 4β-hydroxymethyl-1α, 2α, 3α-trihydroxycyclopentanetriol.

Abstract Evidence for the intermediacy of a 4β-hydroxymethyl-1α, 2α, 3α-trihydroxycyclopentanetdol ( 5 or 6 ) in the biosynthesis of the nucleoside antibiotic aristeromycin ( 1 ) has been obtained by administration of doubly-labeled forms of D-glucose to the fermentation broth of Streptomyces citricolor followed by trapping of the tetrol 5 using isotope dilution methods.
WHYNET: a hybrid testbed for large-scale, heterogeneous and adaptive wireless networks

We present an overview of the WHYNET (Wireless HYbrid NETwork) testbed, currently being developed for realistic and scalable evaluation of next-generation wireless network protocols and applications. WHYNET framework enables seamless integration of physical, simulation and emulation components in a single framework, and allows the use of any combination of those components when evaluating a target wireless network scenario. In this article, we describe the rationale behind our hybrid testbed approach, and give an overview of the architectural components of the hybrid testbed and key technical challenges addressed in its design. Further, we present several case studies to demonstrate the value of the hybrid testbed for realistic and scalable evaluation of a broad range of wireless network scenarios, focusing on cross-layer interactions, heterogeneous and large-scale wireless networks.
Factors contributing to delay in responding to the signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract The delay time between the onset of symptoms and arrival at a medical facility for examination was studied in 100 randomly selected patients who had been admitted to a coronary care unit with a diagnosis of suspected or proved acute myocardial infarction. 1. 1. The delay time did not differ significantly between private and ward patients. In general, the patient with coronary symptoms was apt to respond sooner than later. These patients who delayed 5 or 6 hours could easily have delayed 48 hours or longer. The half-time for reaching medical aid was 3.9 hours. 2. 2. There was no significant relation between delay and age, sex, history of previous myocardial infarctions, socioeconomic scores and presenting symptoms. 3. 3. The time of delay tended to diminish as the subjective severity of the symptoms mounted. However, there was no relation between the severity of the disease, as measured by the Peel score, and the time of delay. 4. 4. There was a significant relation between the source of the symptom and delay. Thus, patients who recognized their heart as causing the symptom sought help sooner than those who displaced the cause to other organ systems. Patients who interpreted the symptom solely in terms of excluding the heart as causal delayed the longest. 5. 5. The role of a second person in initiating the decision to seek help was significant. For the largest, number of patients, a family member made the decision. Spouses appeared to be less successful in reducing delay than friends or associates. The most influential person in reducing delay in our series was an unrelated friend or stranger who was not associated with the patient's work. 6. 6. Physicians caused or contributed to patient delay in 12 per cent of our cases. They rationalized the delay along the same lines as the patient. Other organ systems were blamed or the pain was minimized by calling it angina. Since referral to the hospital was a simple matter, no adequate reason can be given for the procrastination of these doctors. 7. 7. The defense of denial is commonly used by the patient with coronary disease to control anxiety. The finding that no significant relation could be established between denial and delay in our data is explained. Denial was found to be significantly related to symptom displacement and the influence of another person on delay. Those patients who denied minimally recognized the heart as the source of trouble and did not require outside help to seek the advice of a physician. Patients whose denial was major displaced the source of trouble from the heart to other organ systems and tended to put off consulting a physician until someone else urged them to do so.
Intramolecular proton transfer of a 2-(2′,4′-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The photochromic intramolecular proton transfer in 2-(2′,4′-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine was investigated by femtosecond pump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy. Three different transient absorption spectra were observed depending on the delay time between the pump and probe beams. Based on the analysis of the observed spectra, the reaction time of the intramolecular proton transfer of this material was estimated to be 320∼500 fs.
Methyl thiirane: Kinetic gas-phase titration of sulfur atoms in SX OY systems

The reaction SO + SO l S + SO2(2) was studied in the gas phase by using methyl thiirane as a titrant for sulfur atoms. By monitoring the C3H6 produced in the reaction , we determined that k2 ≃ 3.5 × 10−15 cm3/s at 298 K.
Activation of the 2-5OAS/RNase L pathway in CVB1 or HAV/18f infected FRhK-4 cells does not require induction of OAS1 or OAS2 expression

The latent, constitutively expressed protein RNase L is activated in coxsackievirus and HAV strain 18f infected FRhK-4 cells. Endogenous oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) from uninfected and virus infected cell extracts synthesizes active forms of the triphosphorylated 2-5A oligomer (the only known activator of RNase L) in vitro and endogenous 2-5A is detected in infected cell extracts. However, only the largest OAS isoform, OAS3, is readily detected throughout the time course of infection. While IFNβ treatment results in an increase in the level of all three OAS isoforms in FRhK-4 cells, IFNβ pretreatment does not affect the temporal onset or enhancement of RNase L activity nor inhibit virus replication. Our results indicate that CVB1 and HAV/18f activate the 2-5OAS/RNase L pathway in FRhK-4 cells during permissive infection through endogenous levels of OAS, but contrary to that reported for some picornaviruses, CVB1 and HAV/18f replication is insensitive to this activated antiviral pathway.
Robustness of a class of three-dimensional curve tracking control laws under time delays and polygonal state constraints

We analyze the robustness of a class of controllers that enable three-dimensional curve tracking of free moving particles. By building a strict Lyapunov function and robustly forwardly invariant sets, we show input-to-state stability under predictable tolerance and safety bounds that guarantee robustness under control uncertainty, input delays, and a class of polygonal state constraints. Such understanding may provide certified performance when the control laws are applied to real life systems. We demonstrate our findings in simulations.
Progressive transfusion and growth factor independence with adjuvant sertraline in low risk myelodysplastic syndrome treated with an erythropoiesis stimulating agent and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

Refractoriness to growth factor therapy is commonly associated with inferior outcome in patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (LR-MDS) who require treatment for cytopenias. However, the mechanisms leading to refractoriness are unknown. Here we describe a clinically depressed 74-year-old male with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) and documented growth factor refractory anemia after erythropoeisis stimulating agent (ESA) therapy, who attained transfusion and growth factor independence after the addition of sertraline to his medication regimen. Our case demonstrates hematological improvement-erythroid (HI-E) in growth factor refractory, low risk MDS and highlights a potential mechanistic link between common inflammatory diseases and LR-MDS.
LNAPL Distribution in a Cohesionless Soil: A Field Investigation and Cryogenic Sampler

Lighter-than-water Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs), such as jet fuels or gasolines, are common contaminants of soils and ground water. However, the total volume and distribution of an LNAPL is difficult to accurately determine during a site investigation. LNAPL that is entrapped in the saturated zone due to fluctuating water table conditions is particularly difficult to quantify. Yet, the amount of entrapped product in the saturated zone is theoretically higher, per volume of soil, than the residual product in the unsaturated zone, and small amounts of LNAPL in the saturated zone can contaminate large volumes of ground water. The only method currently available to quantify the amount of LNAPL is direct soil-core sampling combined with laboratory analysis of the fluid extracted from the soil cores. However, direct sampling of saturated ground water systems with conventional samplers presents a number of problems. In this study, a new sampler was developed that can be used to retrieve undisturbed soil and pore fluid samples from below the water table in cohesionless soils. The sampler uses carbon dioxide to cool the bottom of a saturated soil sample in situ to near freezing. Results of a field study where a prototype sampler was tested demonstrate the usefulness of a cryogenic sampler and show that the amount of LNAPL entrapped below the water table can be a significant part of the total LNAPL in the soil.
Toward unification of the multiscale modeling of the atmosphere

Abstract. As far as the representation of deep moist convection is concerned, only two kinds of model physics are used at present: highly parameterized as in the conventional general circulation models (GCMs) and explicitly simulated as in the cloud-resolving models (CRMs). Ideally, these two kinds of model physics should be unified so that a continuous transition of model physics from one kind to the other takes place as the resolution changes. With such unification, the GCM can converge to a global CRM (GCRM) as the grid size is refined. This paper suggests two possible routes to achieve the unification. ROUTE I continues to follow the parameterization approach, but uses a unified parameterization that is applicable to any horizontal resolutions between those typically used by GCMs and CRMs. It is shown that a key to construct such a unified parameterization is to eliminate the assumption of small fractional area covered by convective clouds, which is commonly used in the conventional cumulus parameterizations either explicitly or implicitly. A preliminary design of the unified parameterization is presented, which demonstrates that such an assumption can be eliminated through a relatively minor modification of the existing mass-flux based parameterizations. Partial evaluations of the unified parameterization are also presented. ROUTE II follows the "multi-scale modeling framework (MMF)" approach, which takes advantage of explicit representation of deep moist convection and associated cloud-scale processes by CRMs. The Quasi-3-D (Q3-D) MMF is an attempt to broaden the applicability of MMF without necessarily using a fully three-dimensional CRM. This is accomplished using a network of cloud-resolving grids with large gaps. An outline of the Q3-D algorithm and highlights of preliminary results are reviewed.
Automatic detection of heart disease from twelve channel electrocardiogram waveforms

A statistical means to automatically detect heart disease from twelve channel ECG waveforms is reported. Patient ECG records from the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database are assigned to one or more of 18 heart disease groups. A single heart beat cycle near the beginning of the record is used to measure eight temporal intervals (e.g. QT, ST, PR, QS) for each of the twelve channels, resulting in 96 parameters for each patient record. The average and standard deviation of the 96 parameters for 63 non-disease patients are used as a control reference. The number of parameters that exceed two times the standard deviation of the control reference is used as a disease indicator. Using ten or more out-of-bound parameters as the disease criteria, 72% of disease patient records are correctly identified while 8% of control patient records are falsely identified as having a heart disease.
339 THE ONTOGENY OF GONADOTROPINS AND SEX STEROIDS IN THE SHEEP FETUS

Using the chronically catheterized sheep fetus, the ontogeny of FSH, LH, testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepian-drosterone (D), and D sulfate (DS) was studied in 84 fetuses from 70d to term (150d). The pattern of gonadotropins in the sheep fetus is similar to that in the human with higher FSH in the female and peak plasma levels of FSH and LH in mid-gestation. Higher T levels in males up to 130d most likely reflects fetal testicular activity and may explain the lower FSH in the male. The fall in gonadotropins in both sexes in late gestation may be a consequence of increasing hypothalamic-pituitary sensitivity to circulating sex steroids.
A constant-current shock source for providing direct or alternating current output

A vacuum-tube constant-current shock source. providing ac, smooth dc, and pulsating dc output is described. In addition to output flexibility. the shock source is compact, inexpensive to construct. and has undergone 4 years of testing and laboratory use. Operating instructions, theory of operation, and suggested modifications are included along with performance specifications.
Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Data Synthesis: Of 76 eligible trials, 61 had complete data for meta-analysis. Short-term medications were effective, including sibutramine random-effects pooled estimate of body mass index (BMI)lossof2.4kg/m 2 witha95%confidenceinterval(CI)of1.8–3.1;proportionofbetween-study inconsistencynotduetochance(I 2 )30%andorlistat(BMIloss0.7kg/m 2 ;CI0.3–1.2;I 2 0%). Trials that measured the effect of physical activity on adiposity (i.e. percent body fat and fat-free mass) found a moderate treatment effect (effect size 0.52; CI 0.73 to 0.30; I 2 0%), whereastrialsmeasuringtheeffectonBMIfoundnosignificanteffect(effectsize0.02;CI0.21 to 0.18; I 2 0%), but reporting bias may explain this finding. Combined lifestyle interventions (24 trials) led to small changes in BMI. Conclusions: Limited evidence supports the short-term efficacy of medications and lifestyle interventions. The long-term efficacy and safety of pediatric obesity treatments remain unclear. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 4600–4605, 2008)
Role of the newer alpha, -adrenergic-receptor antagonists in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia-related lower urinary tract symptoms.

Abstract Background: Although initially introduced for the management of hypertension, alpha 1-adrenergic-receptorantagonists (a1-blockers) have become the standard of care for the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, these agents have the potential to produce orthostatic hypotension and other blood pressure-related adverse effects in normotensive patients and in those receiving concurrent treatment with other antihypertensive agents. As a result, more "uroselective," less vasoactive α 1 -blockers have been developed. Objective: This article reviews current information on the role of α 1 -blockers in the treatment of BPH-related LUTS. The focus is on tamsulosin and alfuzosin, newer "uroselective" agents in this class that have a decreased potential for cardiovascular adverse effects. Methods: Relevant articles were identified through a search of the English-language literature indexed onMEDLINE and the proceedings of scientific meetings from 1976 to 2003. The search terms were benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment, alpha 1 -adrenergic-receptor blockep uroselectivity, lower urinary tract symptoms, complications , and cardiovascular . Results: Tamsulosin has selectivity for the a α 1 and α 1d receptor subtypes. Alfuzosin, although not receptorsubtypeselective, is clinically "uroselective" and does not significantly affect vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors. Both agents are efficacious in relieving LUTS and have a decreased potential for such cardiovascular adverse effects as postural hypotension. Common adverse events with these agents include dizziness and asthenia. Conclusion: Based on the available data, "uroselective" α 1 -blockers should be considered over older, morevasoactive agents for the medical management of LUTS, particularly in patients with BPH and hypertension.
GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS AND STAR FORMATION IN THE NON-GRAND DESIGN SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 6946

We present high spatial resolution observations of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the eastern part of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC?6946 obtained with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). We have observed CO(1 ? 0), CO(2 ? 1) and 13CO(1 ? 0), achieving spatial resolutions of 54 ? 50, 25 ? 20, and 56 ? 54, respectively, over a region of 6?? 6?kpc. This region extends from 1.5?kpc to 8?kpc galactocentric radius, thus avoiding the intense star formation in the central kpc. We have recovered short-spacing u-v components by using single dish observations from the Nobeyama 45?m and IRAM 30?m telescopes. Using the automated CPROPS algorithm, we identified 45 CO cloud complexes in the CO(1 ? 0) map and 64 GMCs in the CO(2 ? 1) maps. The sizes, line widths, and luminosities of the GMCs are similar to values found in other extragalactic studies. We have classified the clouds into on-arm and inter-arm clouds based on the stellar mass density traced by the 3.6 ?m map. Clouds located on-arm present in general higher star formation rates than clouds located in inter-arm regions. Although the star formation efficiency shows no systematic trend with galactocentric radius, some on-arm clouds?which are more luminous and more massive compared to inter-arm GMCs?are also forming stars more efficiently than the rest of the identified GMCs. We find that these structures appear to be located in two specific regions in the spiral arms. One of them shows a strong velocity gradient, suggesting that this region of high star formation efficiency may be the result of gas flow convergence.
Mycosis fungoides presenting as reticular erythematous mucinosis.

Background Mycosis fungoides has numerous clinical presentations. Methods We present two cases in which mycosis fungoides clinically mimicked reticular erythematous mucinosis. Results Both patients had extracutaneous involvement. One had a fatal outcome. Conclusions We suggest that full systemic evaluation be performed at the time of presentation of patients with this variant of mycosis fungoides.
Inferring networked system models from behavior traces

Networked systems are often difficult to debug and understand. A common way of gaining insight into system behavior is to inspect execution logs and documentation. Unfortunately, manual log inspection is difficult and documentation is often incomplete and out of sync with the implementation.To provide developers with more insight into networked systems I am working Dynoptic, a tool that infers a concise and accurate system model, in the form of a communicating finite state machine from logs. Developers can use the inferred models to understand behavior, detect anomalies, verify known bugs, diagnose new bugs, and increase their confidence in the correctness of their implementation. Unlike most related work, Dynoptic does not require developer-written scenarios, specifications, negative execution examples, or other complex input. Dynoptic processes the logs most systems already produce and requires developers only to specify a set of regular expressions for parsing the logs.
Children, Childhoods, and Violence

▪ Abstract Anthropological literature on children and violence has been constrained by similar considerations that have limited an anthropology of childhood more generally, and by difficulties in conceptualizing children both as victims of violence and as violent themselves. A review of the anthropological literature on violence directed toward children reveals a litany of violence to which children may be subjected that includes child abuse and neglect, bullying, violent cultural rites, warfare, and structural violence stemming from poverty and inequality. Aggression in childhood has been the subject of a robust and long-standing literature that has examined socialization for or against aggressive behavior in children. An emerging literature considers children's own violent behavior from the perspective of child agency. Children's own voices and perspectives have been largely absent from the anthropological literature on childhood and violence. This review highlights several issues at the intersection of...
Towards a unified theory of calmodulin regulation (calmodulation) of voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels

Voltage-gated Na and Ca(2+) channels represent two major ion channel families that enable myriad biological functions including the generation of action potentials and the coupling of electrical and chemical signaling in cells. Calmodulin regulation (calmodulation) of these ion channels comprises a vital feedback mechanism with distinct physiological implications. Though long-sought, a shared understanding of the channel families remained elusive for two decades as the functional manifestations and the structural underpinnings of this modulation often appeared to diverge. Here, we review recent advancements in the understanding of calmodulation of Ca(2+) and Na channels that suggest a remarkable similarity in their regulatory scheme. This interrelation between the two channel families now paves the way towards a unified mechanistic framework to understand vital calmodulin-dependent feedback and offers shared principles to approach related channelopathic diseases. An exciting era of synergistic study now looms.
Postsecondary Education for People With Intellectual Disability: Current Issues and Critical Challenges

Abstract Increasingly, people with intellectual disability are seeking, accessing, and benefiting from higher education. This article presents an overview of current legislative and policy issues a...
Development of CNT-based inductors for integrated biosensors

This paper presents development of Carbon Nanotube based inductors for integrated biosensor applications. Inductors are highly common in RF circuit applications; however, their values and Q factors are limited for today’s high-performance RF applications. We describe the design, simulation, and fabrication of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) based RF inductors, which provide high inductance and Q values that are suitable for wireless integrated biosensors.
A SUBCLINICAL ENDOCRINOPATHY AS A FACTOR IN AUTARCEOLOGIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO POLIOMYELITIS1

THE WEIGHT of evidence favors the view that the virus of poliomyelitis is wide-spread (i) and is disseminated in accordance with laws which operate in some of the more common communicable diseases. Expressions of this more or iess uniform spread of the virus are seen in such epidemiologic features of the clinical disease as its geographic prevalence and its age distribution (2), as well as in the development of serologic immunity in those who do not have the disease in recognibble form (3). Since paralytic poliomyelitis occurs in only a limited and selected fraction of those exposed to the virus (I, 5, 9), it would appear that some added factor enters into the determination of the frank disease in those exposed to the virus.
Measurement of left heart ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume by a computerized, scintigraphic technique using a wedged pulmonary arterial catheter.

Abstract A technique is described for visualizing the left heart chambers with a bolus injection of radionuclide tracer using a wedged pulmonary arterial catheter. Technetium-99m as pertechnetate is injected and the heart imaged with an Anger scintillation camera interfaced to a digital computer. Time-activity curves are extracted from areas of interest coincident with the cardiac chambers and corrected for background. These curves are analyzed in two ways: high-frequency data (beat by beat ejection fraction) and low frequency data (exponential fitting to the chamber washout curve). Left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume determined by this technique correlated with these measurements obtained from left cineventriculography. Correlation was good between the two methods of data analysis, ejection fraction and exponential curve fitting. This technique is an accurate method for measuring left heart function without performing left heart catheterization.
Thrombin- and Factor Xa–Induced DNA Synthesis Is Mediated by Transactivation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) are agonists for G protein-coupled receptors (GPRCs) and may contribute to vascular lesion formation by stimulating proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Mitogenic signaling of GPCRs requires transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). In rat SMCs, thrombin transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via a pathway that involves heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) as ligand for EGFR. The purpose of this study was to investigate in human SMCs the role of receptor transactivation in the mitogenic response to thrombin and FXa. Thrombin (10 nmol/L) and FXa (100 nmol/L) cause a 3.3- and 2.6-fold increase in DNA synthesis, respectively. In human SMCs, neither thrombin nor FXa causes EGFR phosphorylation, and blockade of EGFR kinase does not inhibit DNA synthesis. However, DNA synthesis and phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) induced by thrombin or FXa are inhibited by antibodies neutralizing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or by heparin. Hirudin inhibits thrombin-, but not FXa-induced mitogenesis, indicating that FXa acts independently of thrombin. We further demonstrate by ELISA that upon thrombin and FXa stimulation, bFGF is released and binds to the extracellular matrix. Our data suggest that in human vascular SMCs, both thrombin and FXa rapidly release bFGF into the pericellular matrix. This is followed by transactivation of the FGFR-1 and increased proliferation. Heparin may inhibit the mitogenic effects of thrombin and FXa in human SMCs by preventing bFGF binding to FGFR-1.
Numerical Study of the Turnoff Behavior of High-Voltage 4H-SiC IGBTs

The turnoff behavior of high-voltage 4H-SiC p-channel insulated gate bipolar transistors is investigated by 2-D numerical simulations. Minority carrier lifetime in the nonpunch-through buffer layer is found to be the major factor determining switching loss.
Comparison of the Effects of Exercise in Water and on Land on the Rehabilitation of Patients With Intra-articular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions

Background and Purpose. Exercises in water have been shown to be effective for improving strength and passive range of motion (PROM). Traditional rehabilitation following intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has taken place on land. This study was designed to compare the effects of exercises in water on strength and girth of the thigh musculature, knee PROM, joint laxity, effusion, and functional outcome with the effects of similar exercises on land in subjects following intra-articular reconstruction of the ACL. Subjects. Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to either a group that exercised on land or a group that exercised in water. Methods. Thigh girth, joint effusion, and knee PROM measurements were recorded at 2-week intervals for the first 8 weeks postoperatively. Isokinetic and isometric peak torque measurements for the thigh musculature, knee joint laxity assessments, and Lysholm scores were obtained at the end of 8 weeks. Results. Higher outcome scores were recorded in the water group than in the land group, as measured by Lysholm scales. No differences were noted between groups for knee PROM, thigh girth, or quadriceps femoris muscle performance. In the water group, less joint effusion was noted after the 8 weeks. In the land group, greater peak torque for isokinetic knee flexion was recorded. Conclusion and Discussion. Although exercise in water may not be as effective as exercise on land for regaining maximum muscle performance, rehabilitation in water may minimize the amount of joint effusion and lead to greater self-reports of functional improvement in subjects with intra-articular ACL reconstructions.
Stationary transducer response to planetary-gear vibration excitation with non-uniform planet loading

A relatively simple first-principles mathematical model of a generic planetary gear system is developed. System imperfections included are planet-to-planet variability in planet/ring-gear loading and generic ring-gear imperfections. General formulas for Fourier-series spectrum contributions of fixed-transducer responses to transmission-error vibratory excitations caused by planet/ring-gear tooth-meshing harmonics and ring-gear imperfections are derived, which include predicted effects caused by planet-to-planet variability in planet/ring-gear loading. Good approximations to the coefficient of variation of planet loading (CVPL) are shown to be readily obtainable from measured planet-carrier rotational-harmonic spectra obtained by fixed transducers. The predicted spectrum behavior is compared with fixed-accelerometer response spectra measured from UH-60A planetary systems without and with planet-loading variability caused by a cracked planet-carrier plate. The main features of predicted and measured spectra are in good agreement.
Symbiotic Rhizobia Bacteria Trigger a Change in Localization and Dynamics of the Medicago truncatula Receptor Kinase LYK3

To form nitrogen-fixing symbioses, legume plants recognize a bacterial signal, Nod Factor (NF). The legume Medicago truncatula has two predicted NF receptors that direct separate downstream responses to its symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti. NOD FACTOR PERCEPTION encodes a putative low-stringency receptor that is responsible for calcium spiking and transcriptional responses. LYSIN MOTIF RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE3 (LYK3) encodes a putative high-stringency receptor that mediates bacterial infection. We localized green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged LYK3 in M. truncatula and found that it has a punctate distribution at the cell periphery consistent with a plasma membrane or membrane-tethered vesicle localization. In buffer-treated control roots, LYK3:GFP puncta are dynamic. After inoculation with compatible S. meliloti, LYK3:GFP puncta are relatively stable. We show that increased LYK3:GFP stability depends on bacterial NF and NF structure but that NF is not sufficient for the change in LYK3:GFP dynamics. In uninoculated root hairs, LYK3:GFP has little codistribution with mCherry-tagged FLOTILLIN4 (FLOT4), another punctate plasma membrane–associated protein required for infection. In inoculated root hairs, we observed an increase in FLOT4:mCherry and LYK3:GFP colocalization; both proteins localize to positionally stable puncta. We also demonstrate that the localization of tagged FLOT4 is altered in plants carrying a mutation that inactivates the kinase domain of LYK3. Our work indicates that LYK3 protein localization and dynamics are altered in response to symbiotic bacteria.
Integral formulas for non-self-adjoint distributed dynamic systems

Integral formulas for analytical prediction of the dynamic response of a class of non-self-adjo int distributed systems are studied. Combined non-self-adjoint effects of damping, gyroscopic, and circulatory forces are examined. The response of the distributed system subject to arbitrary external, boundary, and initial disturbances is obtained in a closed-form Green's function integral. The Green's function is expanded in an eigenfunction series, without assuming completeness of system eigenfunctions. In addition, a generalized reciprocal theorem is derived. ISTRIBUTED dynamic systems whose parameters are dependent on the spatial domain are common in many branches of science and technology. The mathematical description of these systems usually leads to boundary-init ial value problems associated with partial differential equations. The development of modern technologies, including optimal design and active control of flexible structures, requires accurate prediction of the dynamic response of distributed systems. This work investigates integral formulas for analytical prediction of the dynamic response of a class of linear distributed systems that have combined non-self-adjoint effects of damping, gyroscopic, and circulatory forces, and are under arbitrary external, boundary, and initial disturbances. Mainly, three issues are addressed: 1) Green's function formulation for transient response prediction, 2) modal expansion of system Green's function, and 3) a generalized reciprocal principle. These issues are important to structural dynamics and structural control and lay a foundation for the development of analytical and numerical solution methods. The concept of Green's functions is by no means new. It was first introduced by G. Green as early as 1828 and since has been applied to various problems in mathematical physics. Several excellent monographs on the subject have been published.1"4 Instead of its many advantages, the Green's function method has been for formal and
Maternal effects provide phenotypic adaptation to local environmental conditions

In outcrossing plants, seed dispersal distance is often less than pollen movement. If the scale of environmental heterogeneity within a population is greater than typical seed dispersal distances but less than pollen movement, an individual's environment will be similar to that of its mother but not necessarily its father. Under these conditions, environmental maternal effects may evolve as a source of adaptive plasticity between generations, enhancing offspring fitness in the environment that they are likely to experience. This idea is illustrated using Campanula americana, an herb that grows in understory and light-gap habitats. Estimates of seed dispersal suggest that offspring typically experience the same light environment as their mother. In a field experiment testing the effect of open vs understory maternal light environments, maternal light directly influenced offspring germination rate and season, and indirectly affected germination season by altering maternal flowering time. Results to date indicate that these maternal effects are adaptive; further experimental tests are ongoing. Evaluating maternal environmental effects in an ecological context demonstrates that they may provide phenotypic adaptation to local environmental conditions.
Theory of femtosecond time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy with application to ligand dissociation in haemoglobin

In this paper we present a theory of femtosecond time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy utilizing the theory of nonstationary time-dependent absorption. We treat the pump-probe absorption with nonoverlapping pulses using the stochastic Liouville equation. In this case, we deal only with the linear susceptibility and obtain the generalized linear response theory due to the fact that the system is initially nonstationary because of the femtosecond pulse duration. The adiabatic approximation is introduced to derive the theoretical expressions for the time-resolved IR absorption. Theoretical results are applied to interpret the experimental fs time-resolved IR spectra reported by Hochstrasser and co-workers for the direct observations of ligand dynamics in haemoglobin.