cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Host factors predisposing to anaerobic infections

Factors that predispose to infection in general, of course, may predispose to infection with anaerobes. Included in this category are diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, malignancy, splenectomy, collagen vascular disease, cytotoxic drug therapy, corticosteroid therapy and other immunosuppression. However, even with these situations there may be certain, more specific, associations: anaerobic cholecystitis and anaerobic osteomyelitis in diabetics, neutropenic colitis, and the increased incidence of local anaerobic infections associated with carcinoma of the lung, colon and uterus. Conditions that lead to decreased redox potential more specifically predispose to infection with anaerobes. Included in this category are obstruction and stasis, tissue anoxia, tissue destruction, vascular insufficiency, prior aerobic infection, burns, foreign body implantation, and calcium salts in a wound (in association with fractures). Other specific clinical situations that predispose to anaerobic infections include leukaemia; oral, gastrointestinal, and female pelvic surgery; trauma at other sites; childbirth; aspiration pneumonia; human and animal bites; and therapy with agents with poor activity against anaerobes (e.g. aminoglycosides, quinolones). AIDS patients appear to be predisposed to severe periodontal disease and its complications.
Induction of macrophage TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 production by DTH-initiating factors

The elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in mice is due to the sequential action of two different, antigen-specific, Thy-1+ cells. We have previously cloned the early-acting DTH-initiating cell from nude mice that were immunized and boosted by contact sensitization with oxazolone (OX). This cell clone, WP-3.27, releases an antigen-specific factor (OX-F) that sensitizes mast cells such that specific antigen challenge will induce serotonin release which mediates the early phase of DTH. In normal mice contact sensitized with picryl chloride (PCl), a similar polyclonal factor (PCl-F) has a similar activity and is also known to bind to macrophages. Thus, we measured macrophage production of TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 in response to the hapten affinity-purified DTH-initiating factors OX-F and PCl-F. Both factors induced significant release of each cytokine and PGE2. The production of TNF alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 was measured by bioassays. Northern blot analysis showed rapid accumulation of cytokine mRNA (2-4 hr), while maximal production of PGE2 occurred at approximately 8 hr. These macrophage activating properties of OX-F and PCl-F were not due to contamination with LPS as determined by the low levels of LPS present in OX-F and PCl-F and by the failure of polymyxin B to inhibit factor-induced PGE2 and TNF alpha production. Also, macrophage activation was shown not to be due to the action of several lymphokines known to be produced by WP3.27. Separation of OX-F and PCl-F by preparative isoelectric focusing showed a similar pattern: there were two major peaks of PGE2-inducing activity observed for both factors (for PCl-F at pI of 2-3 and 5.0, and for OX-F at pI of 3.5-4 and 5.0), but not for a sham factor produced by WEHI-3 cells. The ability of DTH-initiating factors to rapidly induce macrophage cytokine release and PGE2 synthesis 4-6 hr later may suggest a role for these mediators during the respective early vascular and late cellular phases of inflammation in DTH.
The homeless experience in adolescent years.

Although the data about the mental health needs of homeless youth are scanty, several major areas of behavioral problems have been identified. These include school problems, antisocial behavior, depression, and suicide attempts.
The good, the bad, and the ugly : Accuracy, inaccuracy, and elaboration in preschoolers' reports about a past event

This study investigated how suggestions provided to interviewers prior to questioning preschoolers affected children's reports of past events. Children aged 3-5 years (N=20) were exposed to a series of game-like events that varied on a number of dimensions: the events involved being physically touched or not, carrying out unusual or usual actions, and acting or observing another child act. One and two months after the events, every child received two interviews from separate adults who had been briefed with either correct or incorrect information about each event. Results indicated that suggestions to interviewers determined the questions they asked, and that younger children acquiesced more often than older children to questions based on inaccurate information. Children of all ages agreed more readily with questions about unusual than usual actions, and younger children's reports became more inaccurate over time. These trends may have relevance to the accuracy of young children's eyewitness testimony. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
A new structural class of lanthanide carbonates: synthesis, properties, and X-ray structure of the one-dimensional chain complex [Co(NH3)6]6[K2(H2O)10]-[Nd2(CO3)8](2)20H2O

The neodymium tetracarbonate complex [Co(NH3)6]6[K2(H2O)10][Nd2(CO3)8]2·20H2O (1) has been prepared and characterized. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 1 reveals a pseudo-one-dimensional infinite chain of nine-coordinate neodymium metal centers, each complexed by three bidentate carbonate ligands in a pseudoequatorial fashion, while a fourth bidentate carbonate group occupies an axial coordination site on each metal and acts as a μ2-η2,η1 bridge between adjacent chain units.
Effects of anesthetics and cholinergic drugs on prepyriform electrical activity in cats.

Abstract The effects of pharmacological agents on prepyriform cortical potentials in the cat were explored. Evoked and spontaneous potentials were recorded before and after giving a series of drugs to determine whether drug sensitivity existed, and, if it did, what changes were induced in the potentials. Two types of effects occurred, both of which had been obtained previously by nonpharmacological means. Changes with increasing doses of pentobarbital paralleled those due to increasing stimulus intensity. Cholinergic drugs caused a pattern of changes in the evoked potential similar to one observed during a behavioral study, in which the level of attentiveness by trained cats to the evoking stimulus was varied. Suppression of normal spontaneous activity by drugs and other methods indicated that spontaneous activity was essential for maintenance of normal cortical excitability.
The limits to risk aversion: Part 1. The point of indiscriminate decision

Abstract The paper uses utility theory to investigate how much should be spent to avert all costs from an industrial accident apart from direct human harm. These “environmental costs” will include those of evacuation, clean-up and business disruption. Assuming the organisation responsible will need to pay such costs, the difference between its expected utility with and without an environmental protection system constitutes a rational decision variable for whether or not the scheme should be installed. The value of utility is dependent on the coefficient of relative risk aversion, “risk-aversion” for short. A model of an organisation's decision-making process has been developed using the ABCD model, linking the organisation's assets, A , the cost of the protection scheme, B , the cost of consequences, C , and the expected utility difference with and without the scheme, D . Increasing the organisation's risk-aversion parameter will tend to make it less reluctant to invest in a protection system, but can bring about such investment only when the scheme is relatively close to financial break-even. For such borderline schemes, the amount the organisation is prepared to spend on the protection system will rise as the risk-aversion increases. The ratio of this sum to the break-even cost is named the “Limiting Risk Multiplier”, the maximum value of which is governed by the maximum feasible value of risk-aversion. However, the mathematical model shows that increasing the risk-aversion will reduce the clarity of decision making generally. Although the reluctance to invest in a protection scheme may change sign and turn into a positive desire to invest as the risk-aversion increases, the absolute value of this parameter is a continuously decreasing function of risk-aversion, tending asymptotically to zero. As a result, discrimination will gradually diminish, being lost altogether at the “point of indiscriminate decision”. Here the decision maker will be able to distinguish neither advantage in installing the scheme nor disadvantage in installing its inverse. There is a close correspondence between this mathematically predicted state and that of panic, where an individual has become so fearful that his actions become random. The point of indiscriminate decision provides a natural upper bound for the value of risk-aversion. This bounds the Limiting Risk Multiplier in turn, and so sets an objective upper limit on the amount that it is rational to spend on an environmental protection system.
Instantaneous Structure of the Near-Wake of a Circular Cylinder: on the Effect of Reynolds Number

Abstract The near-wake structure of a cylinder is examined for Reynolds numbers from 103 to 104, with the intent of providing insight into the large changes in mean base pressure and fluctuating lift observed in previous investigations. The use of high-image-density particle image velocimetry allows the generation of instantaneous and averaged representations of velocity fields, streamline topology, and vorticity distribution. Modes of large-scale (Karman) vortex formation, in conjunction with patterns of small-scale (Kelvin-Helmoltz) vortical structures, allow physical interpretation of the vortex formation length, which is the traditional criterion for linking the flow pattern to the loading coefficients.
Spatial acquisition and tracking for deep-space optical communication packages

The problem of acquiring and tracking a sun-lit earth, which poses a rather stringent demand on the design of the pointing acquisition and tracking subsystem for a deep-space optical communication package, is addressed. The acquisition subsystem must be capable of locating and tracking the receiver location based on a sun-lit earth image that is blurred by the point spread function of the imaging optics and spatially quantized by the detector pixels. Spatial tracking must be performed at bandwidths in excess of 1 kHz to effectively reject platform jitters. A simple solution of locating the earth limb shows a great potential for providing the necessary acquisition and tracking accuracy. By using separate acquisition and tracking detectors, the system can be implemented without extensive technology development. The slow bandwidth required for the acquisition process can be readily accomplished with an available CCD array, and an analog tracking loop can be implemented using a quadrant tracker and calibrated centroid tracking without the excessive computing overhead of the array detector-based spatial tracker.
The Abstract Prime Number Theorem For Algebraic Function Fields

The main purpose of this paper is to establish the “abstract prime number theorem” for algebraic function fields. This theorem has its original motivation in enumeration theorems on algebraic function fields and has been investigated by several authors [4,7,8,9].
EB stepper. A high throughput E-beam projection lithography system

The author reviews progress in electron beam projection lithography. He discusses the management of 250 /spl mu/m sub-field distortion correction and EB tool design.
Inferring ancestry from population genomic data and its applications

Ancestry inference is a frequently encountered problem and has many applications such as forensic analyses, genetic association studies and personal genomics. The main goal of ancestry inference is to identify an individual’s population of origin based on our knowledge of natural populations. Because both self-reported ancestry in humans or the sampling location of an organism can be inaccurate for this purpose, the use of genetic markers can facilitate accurate and reliable inference of an individual’s ancestral origins. At a higher level, there are two different paradigms in ancestry inference: global ancestry inference which tries to compute the genome wide average of the population contributions and local ancestry inference which tries to identify the regional ancestry of a genomic segment. In this mini review, I describe the numerous approaches that are currently available for both kinds of ancestry inference from population genomic datasets. I first describe the general ideas underlying such inference methods and their relationship to one another. Then, I describe practical applications in which inference of ancestry has proven useful. Lastly, I discuss challenges and directions for future research work in this area.
Social Policy and Young Handicapped Children

The focus of this discussion is federal social policy; a conceptual overview of social policy is provided and serves as the framework for a discussion of social policy decision making as it affects young handicapped children. This policy base is examined in light of factors and strategies that affect its development. The article concludes with a discussion of the need to include policy making and policy issues in the education of all those who work with young handicapped children.
HTTP simulator validation using real measurements: a case study

Simulation is a common technique used by Web researchers and provides many benefits. Verification and validation of a simulator are essential if the results of those simulations are to be believed. Unfortunately, even limited validation of simulators has been uncommon in the Web caching community. In contrast, this paper argues for the validity of a new network and caching simulator by extensively comparing simulated results to both small- and large-scale realworld HTTP traffic. In addition, we describe some of the preparation needed to use a large, well-known trace of Web usage.
Olanzapine-induced parkinsonism associated with smoking cessation.

Purpose The case of a patient taking high-dosage olanzapine who experienced parkinsonism after smoking cessation is reported. Summary A 73-year-old Caucasian woman with a recent diagnosis of Parkinson disease and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperlipidemia, chronic osteoarthritis, and hypothyroidism was hospitalized for altered mental status, weakness, and ambulatory dysfunction. The diagnosis of Parkinson disease was made approximately four months prior. Despite initiation of carbidopa–levodopa, the patient’s symptoms did not improve, and her mental and physical status declined. The patient was taking olanzapine 30 mg daily for bipolar disorder and had a 40-pack-year history of smoking, but she quit smoking approximately four months before this hospitalization. The results of a neurologic evaluation suggested that the patient did not have Parkinson disease but was possibly experiencing olanzapine toxicity secondary to smoking cessation. Carbidopa–levodopa was discontinued. Psychiatry was consulted, and a monthlong cross-taper to discontinue olanzapine and initiate aripiprazole with a target dosage of 20 mg daily was recommended. During the course of therapy, the patient’s level of alertness and bradykinesia improved. Overall, it was noted that her extrapyramidal symptoms were gradually improving; two days before hospital discharge, she was noted to have no definite remaining evidence of parkinsonism. In this case, use of the Naranjo et al. adverse-drug-reaction probability scale and the drug interaction probability scale indicated that the adverse effects were probably related to the interaction between smoking and olanzapine. Conclusion A 73-year-old woman receiving high-dosage olanzapine for bipolar disorder developed parkinsonism after smoking cessation.
The Hermod behavioral synthesis system

Hermod is an interactive behavioral synthesis program developed at Stanford University. Using a combined control and data flow graph (C/DFG) as an intermediate representation, Hermod generates functional blocks and their interconnection from L -havioral descriptions. Hermod supports a menu-driven interface, displaying the control and data flow graph with a set of legitimate dming-cus and its hardware representation. Emphasizing user participation, the system allows the user to control state partitioning and resource sharing through a graphical interface to explore the maximal design space. Written in an objectoriented language C++, Hermod generates a hardware representation in several minutes C from a behavioral description of practical size on a VAXstation H/GPX.
Proteomic analysis of HIV-1 Nef cellular binding partners reveals a role for exocyst complex proteins in mediating enhancement of intercellular nanotube formation

HIV-1 Nef protein contributes to pathogenesis via multiple functions that include enhancement of viral replication and infectivity, alteration of intracellular trafficking, and modulation of cellular signaling pathways. Nef stimulates formation of tunneling nanotubes and virological synapses, and is transferred to bystander cells via these intercellular contacts and secreted microvesicles. Nef associates with and activates Pak2, a kinase that regulates T-cell signaling and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, but how Nef promotes nanotube formation is unknown. To identify Nef binding partners involved in Pak2-association dependent Nef functions, we employed tandem mass spectrometry analysis of Nef immunocomplexes from Jurkat cells expressing wild-type Nef or Nef mutants defective for the ability to associate with Pak2 (F85L, F89H, H191F and A72P, A75P in NL4-3). We report that wild-type, but not mutant Nef, was associated with 5 components of the exocyst complex (EXOC1, EXOC2, EXOC3, EXOC4, and EXOC6), an octameric complex that tethers vesicles at the plasma membrane, regulates polarized exocytosis, and recruits membranes and proteins required for nanotube formation. Additionally, Pak2 kinase was associated exclusively with wild-type Nef. Association of EXOC1, EXOC2, EXOC3, and EXOC4 with wild-type, but not mutant Nef, was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assays in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated depletion of EXOC2 in Jurkat cells abrogated Nef-mediated enhancement of nanotube formation. Using bioinformatic tools, we visualized protein interaction networks that reveal functional linkages between Nef, the exocyst complex, and the cellular endocytic and exocytic trafficking machinery. Exocyst complex proteins are likely a key effector of Nef-mediated enhancement of nanotube formation, and possibly microvesicle secretion. Linkages revealed between Nef and the exocyst complex suggest a new paradigm of exocyst involvement in polarized targeting for intercellular transfer of viral proteins and viruses.
Afferent control of locomotor CPG: insights from a simple neuromechanical model

A simple neuromechanical model has been developed that describes a spinal central pattern generator (CPG) controlling the locomotor movement of a single-joint limb via activation of two antagonist (flexor and extensor) muscles. The limb performs rhythmic movements under control of the muscular, gravitational and ground reaction forces. Muscle afferents provide length-dependent (types Ia and II) and force-dependent (type Ib from the extensor) feedback to the CPG. We show that afferent feedback adjusts CPG operation to the kinematics and dynamics of the limb providing stable "locomotion." Increasing the supraspinal drive to the CPG increases locomotion speed by reducing the duration of stance phase. We show that such asymmetric, extensor-dominated control of locomotor speed (with relatively constant swing duration) is provided by afferent feedback independent of the asymmetric rhythmic pattern generated by the CPG alone (in "fictive locomotion" conditions). Finally, we demonstrate the possibility of reestablishing stable locomotion after removal of the supraspinal drive (associated with spinal cord injury) by increasing the weights of afferent inputs to the CPG, which is thought to occur following locomotor training.
Adapting to memory pressure from within scientific applications on multiprogrammed COWs

Summary form only given. Dismal performance often results when the memory requirements of a process exceed the physical memory available to it. Moreover, significant throughput reduction is experienced when this process is part of a synchronous parallel job on a nondedicated computational cluster. A possible solution is to develop programs that can dynamically adapt their memory usage according to the current availability of physical memory. We explore this idea on scientific computations that perform repetitive data accesses. Part of the program's data set is cached in resident memory, while the remainder that cannot fit is accessed in an "out-of-core" fashion from disk. The replacement policy can be user defined. This allows for a graceful degradation of performance as memory becomes scarce. To dynamically adjust its memory usage, the program must reliably answer whether there is a memory shortage or surplus in the system. Because operating systems typically export limited memory information, we develop a parameter-free algorithm that uses no system information beyond the resident set size (RSS) of the program. Our resulting library can be called by scientific codes with little change to their structure or with no change at all, if computations are already "blocked" for reasons of locality. Experimental results with both sequential and parallel versions of a memory-adaptive conjugate-gradient linear system solver show substantial performance gains over the original version that relies on the virtual memory system. Furthermore, multiple instances of the adaptive code can coexist on the same node with little interference with one another.
Predictions of Flow Separation at the Valve Seat for Steady-State Port-Flow Simulation

Steady-state port-flow simulations with static valve lift are often utilized to optimize the performance of intake system of an internal combustion engine. Generally, increase in valve lift results in higher mass flow rate through the valve. But in certain cases, mass flow rate can actually decrease with increased valve lift, caused by separation of turbulent flow at the valve-seat. Prediction of this phenomenon using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is not trivial. It is found that the computational mesh significantly influences the simulation results. A series of steady-state port flow simulation are carried out using a commercial CFD code. Several mesh topologies are applied for the simulations. The predicted results are compared with available experimental data from flow bench measurements. It is found that the flow separation and reduction in mass flow rate with increased valve lift can be predicted when high mesh density is used in the proximity of the valve seat and the walls of the intake port. Higher mesh density also gives better predictions of mass flow rate compared to the experiments, but only for high valve lifts. For low valve lifts, the error in predicted flow rate is close to 13%.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Robust H.264/AVC video coding with priority classification, adaptive NALU size and fragmentation

In this paper, we discuss a novel priority assignment and packetization scheme to transport H.264/AVC video packets over wireless networks. Specifically, we discuss a comprehensive packet priority assignment scheme for unequal error protection, followed by the use of adaptive network abstraction layer unit (NALU) sizes and NALU fragmentation schemes. These schemes use the standard-compliant decoder with various H.264/AVC error resiliency features. Our simulation results demonstrate that these schemes improve the PSNR performance of test video sequences in the presence of packet losses.
Investigation of candidate polymorphisms and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients on methotrexate

Objectives. We examined the association between candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease activity in RA patients on MTX. Methods. Our population was drawn from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS), a prospective, observational cohort of RA patients. A total of 556 participants were genotyped using the Affymetrix 100K platform. Two hundred and sixty-two participants were on MTX therapy, including 120 on MTX monotherapy. The primary outcome was the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28-CRP). High disease activity was defined as DAS28-CRP >3.2. Low disease activity was defined as DAS28-CRP ⩽3.2. We studied three candidate alleles in the ATIC, ITPA and MTHFR genes for association with DAS28-CRP. Results. Among participants on MTX monotherapy, those carrying the minor allele of ATIC SNP rs4673993 were more likely to have low disease activity (P = 0.01). None of the other SNPs was associated with disease activity. Among patients on any MTX (combination or monotherapy), the minor allele of ATIC rs4673993 was also associated with low disease activity (P = 0.04). Conclusions. In this cross-sectional analysis, ATIC SNP rs4673993 was associated with low disease activity in patients on MTX. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between ATIC polymorphisms, disease activity and treatment response.
Fostering Moral Reflection and Perception in College

This article provides a theoretical framework within which student affairs professionals might work to foster moral development and ethical decision-making skills among college students. The framework, grounded in ethical theory, is described and applied to the college setting. Central to the discussion is a focus on the importance of students choosing to be “morally serious people.”
PREDICADOS PSICOLÓGICOS Y ESTRUCTURAS CON VERBO LIGERO: DEL ESTADO AL EVENTO

RESUMENEn este articulo se explora desde una perspectiva generativa el comportamiento en caste-llano y catalan de los predicados psicologicos que resultan de construcciones con verbo ligero y se analiza su estructura eventiva. Se parte de una E STRUCTURA E XPERIMENTADORA B ASICA , en la que el argumento E XPERIENCIA es una raiz unida a V, que introduce la F UENTE (o T EMA ) de la experiencia. Por su parte, el E XPERIMENTADOR es un argumento externo, introducido por la proyeccion funcional v EXP . Esta E STRUCTURA E XPERIMENTADORA B ASICA solo puede ofrecer una lectura estativa; las lecturas eventivas, si se dan, son el resultado de una combinacion de factores: i. la union a la estructura de las proyecciones v BECOME y, opcionalmente, v CAUS ; y ii. la concordancia de los rasgos eventivos de estas proyecciones funcionales con los que vienen subcategorizados en la raiz E XPERIENCIA . En caso de que se una la proyeccion v BECOME al S v EXP (y haya concordancia de rasgos), se obtiene una lectura in-coativa; en cambio, si se une el nucleo
Phase I Clinical Trial of an Adenovirus/Prostate-Specific Antigen Vaccine for Prostate Cancer: Safety and Immunologic Results

Purpose: We performed a phase I clinical trial of adenovirus/prostate-specific antigen (PSA) vaccine in men with measurable metastatic hormone-refractory disease. Experimental Design: Men with measurable metastatic disease received one vaccine injection. Toxicity, immune responses, changes in PSA doubling times, and patient survival were assessed. Thirty-two patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer were treated with a single s.c. vaccine injection at one of three dose levels, either as an aqueous solution or suspended in a Gelfoam matrix. All patients returned for physical and clinical chemistry examinations at regular intervals up to 12 months after injections. Results: The vaccine was deemed safe at all doses in both administration forms. There were no serious vaccine-related adverse events; the most prevalent were localized erythema/ecchymoses and cold/flu-like symptoms. Anti-PSA antibodies were produced by 34% of patients and anti-PSA T-cell responses were produced by 68%. PSA doubling time was increased in 48%, whereas 55% survived longer than predicted by the Halabi nomogram. Conclusions: The adenovirus/PSA vaccine was proven safe with no serious vaccine-related adverse events. The majority of vaccinated patients produced anti-PSA T-cell responses and over half survived longer than predicted by nomogram. Although the latter data are only derived from a small number of patients in this phase I trial, they are encouraging enough to pursue further studies. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7375–80)
Shortened dental arch and body mass index in adults 45-65 years of age: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008.

Objective Many people have dental arches with unrestored edentulous areas posterior to natural teeth. One dental pattern is the shortened dental arch (SDA). As a result of the lack of teeth, individuals with an SDA may eat a restricted diet, including soft, highly processed foods. Such diets may increase the risk of being overweight or of obesity. We examined whether there was an association between SDA and body mass index (BMI) in adults 45–65 years of age. Methods The data for this study were US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008 merged files. There were 5,773 eligible participants. The data were examined for frequencies, and the results were analysed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results There were 69.3% participants with a shortened mandibular arch and a BMI of ≥ 25 compared with 71.8% of participants who had a complete mandibular dental arch and a BMI of ≥ 25 (P = 0.7246). There were 70.6% of participants with a shortened maxillary arch and a BMI of ≥ 25 compared with 71.9% of participants who had a complete maxillary dental arch and a BMI of ≥ 25 (P = 0.8859). The adjusted odds ratio for shortened mandibular dental arch was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.46–1.08) for a BMI of ≥ 25 as compared with individuals with a BMI < 25. The adjusted odds ratio for shortened maxillary dental arch was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.63–1.78) as compared with individuals with a BMI < 25. Conclusions The research hypothesis that an SDA was related to higher BMI, and the corollary that restored or complete dentition had better odds of a lower BMI, were not supported.
The Role of Impurity Particles in the Combustion of Double-Base Propellants

Abstract The thermo-mechanical effect on combustion behavior of incorporating inert impurity particles into double-base propellants is investigated. Burning rate and temperature profile measurements of propellants containing various amounts of aluminium oxide powders of different grain sizes indicate that the inclusion of inert impurity particles enhances the burning rate at low pressures, the effect diminishing with increase in pressure. A theoretical model is constructed, based on the assumption that the interfaces created by these particles provide internal burning surfaces which decompose following an Arrhenius relationship. The simple theoretical model predicts the trend of the experimental results, but cannot provide any insight into the contribution of the thermo-mechanical effect to the overall heat of condensed phase reaction in double-base propellants.
Effects of glycerol upon the biological actions of near-ultraviolet light: spectra and concentration dependence for transforming DNA and for Escherichia coli B/r.

The concentration dependence for the protection of isolated transforming DNA and Escherichia coli by glycerol against 365-nm monochromatic near-ultraviolet light (UV) was measured. Glycerol protection saturates at a concentration of about 0.1 M for DNA and 1.0 M for E. coli. Action spectra for glycerol protection of transforming DNA (tryptophan and histidine markers) are similar to those obtained previously for diazobicyclo[2.2.2.˜octane (DABCO) protection, with protection reaching a maximum near 350-nm UV and decreasing rapidly at wavelengths above and below 350 nm. However, glycerol protects against near-UV about twice as efficiently as DABCO. The action spectrum for protection of E. coli by glycerol against the lethal effects of near-UV was not the same as the spectrum for DNA since glycerol sensitized the cells, but not the DNA, at wavelengths longer than about 380 nm. A possible role of hydroxyl or other radicals was supported by the observation that benzoate also protected DNA against inactivation by 334-nm UV.
Imaging of Lines and Tubes

The emergency room has evolved over the years, and the practice has become increasingly complicated, commonly turning them into mini ICUs. During rapid assessment and stabilization of the patients in acute setting, there is often need to intubate the respiratory failure patients and provide intravenous fluid during resuscitation. With the growing volume of septic patients managed in the ED, central venous pressure monitoring has become more commonplace. This has led to the ED physicians placing more central line than ever. In this controlled chaos environment, the physicians are frequently exposed to anatomic variations which can lead to errors in line placement. Since image guidance is not routinely used during placement, the line or an endotracheal tube can be commonly malpositioned. However, we rely heavily on radiology to help confirm that the line or tube is where it should be without inadvertent damage to the surrounding tissue.
Restoration and Relief: Procedural Justice and the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund

Less than ten days after the tragic events of September 11th, Congress passed the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act ("ATSSA"). The law served the dual purposes of saving the airline industry from financial ruin and providing financial compensation to those who had lost loved ones or suffered personal injuries during the attacks. The latter provision was unprecedented in American legal history: never before had Congress issued a "blank check" for governmental compensation to persons injured by tortious or criminal conduct. Indeed, though the government had provided assistance and even compensation to disaster victims in the past, such financial assistance was rare and had always been subject to strictly enforced caps. The victims of September 11th, therefore, were on the verge of receiving an unprecedented amount of financial relief from the federal government. Less than two weeks after the creation of the Victim Compensation Fund ("Fund"), however, September 11th victims began raising serious concerns about its various provisions. Due to lack of historical precedent and ability to know what the Fund would provide, complaints became about the ethics behind providing financial relief where such relief was not previously given. Most of the complaints received focused on fairness, effectiveness, and justice. There are strong legal and societal expectations that institutional procedures-legal, governmental, and administrative-will embody certain ethical values or principles. Studies have concluded that individuals are more satisfied by procedures that they perceive to be fair than by procedures that they perceive to be in their self-interest. The United States government codifies extensive procedural rules in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the Federal Rules of Evidence, and the United States Constitution. These rules are designed to ensure both that parties in conflict have opportunities to present their respective sides and that the outcomes of such conflicts are as fair as possible. If such fairness and efficiency were not important to American civil society, such procedural mechanisms would not be as extensively developed, commented on, reviewed, and revised. This article examines whether ethical principles or norms valued in American procedural systems can be identified and used to establish a framework against which new and unique procedural systems like the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund can be measured. Fairness and efficiency are identified as the two most important overarching procedural values, with several other sub-values embodied by each. It then concludes that the Fund fulfilled efficiency values, but failed to fulfill fairness values due to its frequent arbitrariness and lack of accountability.
Morphological Studies of the Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 for High-Efficiency Solar Cells

The morphologies of the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 were studied under various processing conditions, including the substrate temperatures, the choice of solvents, and the spin-coating speeds. We found that these processing conditions played critical roles for the crystal morphology and the coverage of the perovskite film on a substrate.
Some Cicadellidae (Homoptera) Collected from Corn in the Southeastern United States

Thirty species of leafhoppers were collected from corn in 5 Southeastern States in 1964. These species are listed with location and date of collection. The table includes data on the 7 most common species as well as the numbers collected on a given date and the State in which collected.
PREVENTION OF RH ISOIMMUNIZATION AFTER SPONTANEOUS, MASSIVE FETOMATERNAL HEMORRHAGE

Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage has been associated with numerous risk factors and can occur spontaneously. The risk is probably greater when a woman who is Rh negative has an ABO-compatible fetus. We report the case of a gravid, A-negative unsensitized patient who came to the hospital at term complaining of decreased fetal movement over the previous 24 hours. During evaluation, the fetal heart rate was found to have decreased beat-to-beat variability and repetitive late decelerations, and the mother was delivered of a 3,005 gA-positive neonate (by cesarean section) with a hemoglobin level of 2.9 g/dL. An acid elution test showed 400 mL of fetal blood in the maternal circulation, and the patient received 23 ampules (6,900 micrograms) of Rh immune globulin postpartum. The patient's condition was observed for 156 days after delivery; she did not become sensitized to the Rh factor. A massive fetomaternal hemorrhage can occur without any antecedent risk factors, with a risk of subsequent morbidity to the neonate. Sensitization can be prevented by prompt administration of adequate amounts of Rh immune globulin.
Late Effects of Total-Body Gamma Irradiation on Cardiac Structure and Function in Male Rhesus Macaques

Heart disease is an increasingly recognized, serious late effect of radiation exposure, most notably among breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease survivors, as well as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the late effects of total-body irradiation (TBI) on cardiac morphology, function and selected circulating biomarkers in a well-established nonhuman primate model. For this study we used male rhesus macaques that were exposed to a single total-body dose of ionizing gamma radiation (6.5–8.4 Gy) 5.6–9.7 years earlier at ages ranging from ∼3–10 years old and a cohort of nonirradiated controls. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed annually for 3 years on 20 irradiated and 11 control animals. Myocardium was examined grossly and histologically, and myocardial fibrosis/collagen was assessed microscopically and by morphometric analysis of Masson's trichrome-stained sections. Serum/plasma from 27 irradiated and 13 control animals was evaluated for circula...
Murine model of long-term obstructive jaundice

Abstract Background With the recent emergence of conjugated bile acids as signaling molecules in cancer, a murine model of obstructive jaundice by cholestasis with long-term survival is in need. Here, we investigated the characteristics of three murine models of obstructive jaundice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were used for total ligation of the common bile duct (tCL), partial common bile duct ligation (pCL), and ligation of left and median hepatic bile duct with gallbladder removal (LMHL) models. Survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method. Fibrotic change was determined by Masson-Trichrome staining and Collagen expression. Results Overall, 70% (7 of 10) of tCL mice died by day 7, whereas majority 67% (10 of 15) of pCL mice survived with loss of jaundice. A total of 19% (3 of 16) of LMHL mice died; however, jaundice continued beyond day 14, with survival of more than a month. Compensatory enlargement of the right lobe was observed in both pCL and LMHL models. The pCL model demonstrated acute inflammation due to obstructive jaundice 3 d after ligation but jaundice rapidly decreased by day 7. The LHML group developed portal hypertension and severe fibrosis by day 14 in addition to prolonged jaundice. Conclusions The standard tCL model is too unstable with high mortality for long-term studies. pCL may be an appropriate model for acute inflammation with obstructive jaundice, but long-term survivors are no longer jaundiced. The LHML model was identified to be the most feasible model to study the effect of long-term obstructive jaundice.
New Role for the WTO

Much of the approach and specifications in the WTO charter regarding the environment is at best one of conciliation and concession rendering rather than one of recognition of direct and indirect linkages between economic and environmental features, their dynamic interdependence and the design of policies with less than impatient exploitation of resources of the planet. Despite an eloquent statement in the preamble to the WTO Article of Agreement, little else seems to contribute to that proposed foundation. No doubt, the WTO is not to be deemed as an environmental protection agency and that it should maintain its focus on the governance of the multilateral trading system as per its charter. This assertion also specifies a duty to act: the specified tasks include, inter alia, coherence with within and across various articles of the WTO charter. The WTO working rules cannot ignore the foundation in the preamble. Such a mechanism is not expected to enhance the functioning of the institution nor its contribution to the stated objectives.
Multiple Supply Voltage Scheduling

The most effective way to reduce power consumption is to lower the supply voltage level for a circuit. Reducing the supply voltage however increases the circuit delay. Chandraskan et. al. [CPRR92] compensate for the increased delay by shortening critical paths in the data-path using behavioral transformations such as parallelization or pipelining (If the circuit is already pipelined, then re-timing may be applied). The resulting circuit consumes lower average power while meeting the global throughput constraint at the cost of increased circuit area.
Part I: Space and Time of Rio de Janeiro

This chapter establishes the “temporal landscape” of Rio; that is, how space and time dynamically interact in this city. The experience of the “present” in Rio de Janeiro has been consistently defined by strong pushes towards the future and deep nostalgic pulls to the past, leading it to feel somehow perpetually “incomplete” or “in progress.” This interaction creates a temporal landscape that is characterized by absence. In that context, I contend that a glorious and particularly attractive, yet complex, decadence has been a present feature of the city since the revolution in 1889. In this chapter, I define the key concepts behind my thesis—saudades, decadence, landscape, progress—and the key historical moments from 1889 to 2016, in an initial “character study” of the city.
Generation of Electrical Activity in the Nervous System and Muscles

To understand why and how neuroelectric potentials, such as evoked potentials, may change as a result of surgical manipulations, it is necessary to understand the basic principles underlying the generation of such neuroelectric potentials that can be recorded from various parts of the nervous system. In this book, we discuss electrical potentials that are generated in response to intentional stimulation, and we will describe how the waveform of such recorded potentials may change as a result of injury to nerves or nuclei. It is also important to understand the nature of the responses that may be elicited by surgical manipulations of neural tissue and from surgically-induced injuries. Further, it is important to know where in the nervous system specific components of the recorded evoked potentials are generated, so that the exact anatomical location of an injury can be identified on the basis of changes in specific components of the electrical potentials that are being monitored.
Model Youth Programs: A Key Strategy for Developing Community-University Partnerships Using a Community Youth Development Approach

Universities across the nation face the charge of enhancing their intellectual capital as a learning institution while also contributing to the greater social good. While there is great potential for university-community partnerships to generate lessons for youth workers and policy makers, create powerful new knowledge for the academic field, and provide transformative experiences for community members, partnerships often fail to produce such meaningful results. In the San Francisco Bay Area, community residents who have been involved in such unsuccessful initiatives frequently perceived that university partners spent insufficient time learning about the community context, prioritized research objectives over community needs and did not make long-term commitments. Despite these challenges, community-university partnerships can be useful strategies for advancing the field of youth development by strengthening research and practice in local contexts. This paper presents how the design and implementation of model youth programs served as an effective strategy in developing a partnership between a university-based center and two local communities over a 5-year period. It also describes essential lessons that other communities, research institutions or universities may use to launch, implement, expand and sustain their own successful partnerships to build local capacity to implement youth development practices, promote positive outcomes for young people, and generate knowledge about the impact of youth development approaches.
Abstract PL02-03: Early detection and prevention of liver cancer: Leveraging lessons learned from liver repair

Liver cancer is currently among the top causes of cancer mortality worldwide and is increasing in both incidence and prevalence.The fact that cirrhosis is the strongest known risk factor for primary liver cancer suggests that injured liver is carcinogenic. The presentation will summarize evidence indicating that liver injury is carcinogenic because it stimulates regenerative responses (e.g., activation of developmental morphogenic signaling pathways) that relax forces which normally constrain the inherent multi-potency of adult liver cells. There are two main take-home messages. First, cirrhosis reflects defective regulation of these normal regenerative responses and thus, sustained tissue enrichment with permissive signals for multi-potency. Second, this cirrhotic microenvironment is particularly advantageous for liver cells with epistatic genetic/epigenetic events which enable escape from counter-regulatory signals that antagonize multi-potency. Citation Format: Anna Mae E. Diehl. Early detection and prevention of liver cancer: Leveraging lessons learned from liver repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr PL02-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-PL02-03