cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury in Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia

Objective To test the hypothesis that acute kidney injury (AKI) would be independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Study design A total of 96 consecutively cooled infants were reviewed retrospectively. Modified Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria were used to classify AKI based on absolute rise in serum creatinine (SCr) level from a previous trough (stage I, rise in SCr of 0.3 mg/dL or SCr 150- Results AKI occurred in 36 of 96 infants (38%). Overall mortality was 7% and was higher for those with AKI, with the difference approaching statistical significance (14% vs 3% in those without AKI; P = .099). Patients with AKI stayed longer in the NICU (mean, 15.4 ± 9.3 days vs 11 ± 5.9 days; P = .014) and required prolonged mechanical ventilation (mean, 9.7 ± 5.9 days vs 4.8 ± 3.7 days; P Conclusion We used the Acute Kidney Injury Network definition for AKI in asphyxiated newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia to demonstrate that the incidence of AKI remains high, but lower than rates published before the advent of therapeutic hypothermia. We highlight the importance of recognizing AKI in asphyxiated newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia, along with the potential benefits of early recognition.
Growth Rates and Temperature Selection of Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus

Abstract Growth rates of individual juvenile bluegills fed 0.75, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0% dry body weight day−1 and ad libitum at constant temperatures were smaller above (34 C) than within (30 or 31 C) or below (25 and 28 C) this species' preferred temperature range. For each feeding regime growth rate did not differ significantly at temperatures below 34 C.
Epitaxially grown GaN nanowire networks

GaN nanowires grown by means of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on a catalyst-deposited substrate are typically known to exhibit a vertical growth pattern and crystallize in the hexagonal wurtzite structure. Here, we demonstrate CVD grown GaN nanowires on Ni-catalyst deposited sapphire substrates where the nanowires exhibit a horizontally aligned, epitaxial growth pattern. The nanowires are in the form of organized networks with hexagonal symmetry which coincides with the surface structure of the sapphire substrate. This growth pattern is achieved through the use of a controlled catalyst deposition method which produces Ni catalyst nanoparticles with small diameter, less than 50nm. Photoluminescence measurements indicate a possible cubic zinc blende type crystal structure. Transport measurements indicate excellent current-carrying capacity for such epitaxial GaN nanowires with potential applications in advanced nanoelectronic devices as demonstrated here by a top-gate nanowire FET. The large area scalability of the network growth pattern and easy compatibility with device-fabrication processes make such epitaxial GaN nanowire networks potentially significant for advanced nanoscale devices.
Immunophenotype and functions of fetal baboon bone-marrow derived dendritic cells.

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are unique antigen-presenting cells that can take up pathogens, pathogens-derived and stress-antigens and stimulate antigen-specific immune response. Here we investigated the immunobiology of fetal DCs and compared their phenotype and activation status against infectious stimuli with those of young and adult baboons. The DCs were obtained from femoral bone-marrow (BMDCs) of fetus (140 and 175 days of gestation), young (4–5 years old) and mature adult (10–35 years old) baboons. The cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. To study phagocytic ability of BMDCs, the cells were harvested on 6th day and incubated with fluorescent-labeled Escherichia coli bioparticles. The BMDCs were also treated with E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h and changes in expression of cell-surface markers and IL-12 were studied using distinct immunoassays. We found that the phenotype and morphology of BMDCs from fetal, young and adult baboons were similar and showed increased expression of HLA-DP, DQ, DR and T cell co-stimulatory molecules upon LPS treatment. However, significant differences were observed in phagocytic activity and IL-12 secretion among BMDCs from these sources. The ability of fetal baboon BMDCs to phagocytose E. coli bioparticles was significantly lower and they secreted lower level of LPS-stimulated IL-12 as compared to the BMDCs from adult baboon. These results suggest that compared to adult BMDCs, fetal baboon BMDCs are less efficient in mounting immune response against Gram-negative bacterial stimuli.
On the general base-general acid mechanism for α-chymotrypsin action

Abstract The hydrolysis of the conjugate base of N-n-butyl-8-hydroxy-1-naphthoamide (compound A in text) has been shown to proceed many orders of magnitude more slowly than the hydrolysis of amides bound to the active site of α-chymotrypsin. In the model compound, a naphtholate anion (which is a stronger base and a better nucleophile than imidazole) is held rigidly in close proximity to the p-orbital of an amide CO, an ideal geometry for anchimeric assistance. Yet intramolecular catalysis is very slow. The naphtholate anion is unable to accelerate amide hydrolysis via removal of a proton from the nucleophile (water) and subsequent delivery of the proton to the departing amine, although just such a mechanism has been proposed for the imidazole-catalyzed hydrolysis of enzyme-bound substrates. Therefore, we conclude that a currently advanced mechanism for α-chymotrypsin action, based on an imidazole ring acting as the sole catalytic entity, cannot adequately explain the efficiency of the enzyme.
Momelotinib treatment-emergent neuropathy: prevalence, risk factors and outcome in 100 patients with myelofibrosis

Summary Momelotinib (a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor) induces both anaemia and spleen responses in myelofibrosis (MF). Momelotinib treatment-emergent peripheral neuropathy (TE-PN) was documented in 44 (44%) of 100 MF patients treated at our institution; median time of TE-PN onset was 32 weeks and duration 11 months. Improvement after drug dose reduction or discontinuation was documented in only two patients. TE-PN was significantly associated with treatment response (P = 0·02) and longer survival (P = 0·048) but significance was lost during multivariate analysis that included treatment duration. TE-PN did not correlate with initial or maximum momelotinib dose or previous treatment with JAK inhibitor or thalidomide.
The Social Standing of a Married Woman

The traditional manner of designating a married woman's social status by her husband's occupational attainment is questioned, and a framework is proposed for reconceptualizing a married woman's social standing in terms of both her own and her husband's occupational attainments. The results of a Milwaukee area survey of a random sample of adults reveal that persons take both a wife's and a husband's occupational attainments into approximately equal account in an additive way in evaluating her social standing. However, as the husband's status declines, when she is a housewife, and when the wife's occupational level equals or exceeds her husband's, she has slightly less status self-determination. Variations in the accordance of status determination between husband and wife by respondents' sex are also examined.
Nucleation-Controlled Growth of Nanoparticles by Atomic Layer Deposition

We demonstrate a method for growing metal nanoparticles (NPs) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with the ability to vary aerial density and NP size using nucleation control. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) preadsorbed on the substrate serve as a template for subsequent growth of the NPs by ALD. Defects in the SAM resulting from incomplete formation time in solution are shown to act as nucleation sites for Pt. The strategy is demonstrated experimentally using ALD of Pt from a metal organic Pt precursor and O2 counter reactant on silicon dioxide surfaces pretreated with octadecyltrichlorosilane SAMs. The aerial density and mean diameter of the Pt NPs are controlled by changing the SAM dip time and the number of ALD cycles. An isothermal nucleation model was developed in which several nucleation behaviors were considered in comparison with experimental data. A model incorporating nucleation incubation provided the best fit to the data.
Symptomatic Severity of Prime-MD Diagnosed Episodes of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Primary Care

BACKGROUND: Panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are often unrecognized by primary care physicians (PCPs). The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) has been used as a case-finding instrument for depression. Yet, little is known on its usefulness as a case-finding tool for anxiety disorders within the context of a clinical trial.
Pole/residue modeling of UWB antenna systems

This work presents a preliminary study on a minimal type of model representation for antenna systems. Pole/residue modeling of antenna systems provides a complete frequency and time domain antenna characterization, the minimal representation model (minimal data set required to represent an antenna), and the model can be used with channel models in order to predict the received time-domain/frequency waveform. The antenna model parameters are the poles and residues of the antenna system.
Long-Term Developmental, Behavioral, and Attachment Outcomes After International Adoption

Children adopted internationally and their families are a heterogeneous group. Internationally-adopted children have been reported to have a range of developmental and behavioral difficulties. The authors describe the current evidence documenting developmental outcomes for children and common behavioral and mental health concerns including attachment difficulties that may impact children and their families after international adoption. Pediatricians must be thoughtful to individualize the care of adoptive children and not make assumptions shortly after adoption. It is critical to avoid using "standard" parenting advice that may not apply to children who have experienced loss, deprivation, separation, and instability in their early lives. By listening to families, carefully evaluating children, and monitoring progress over time, pediatricians can avoid the pitfall of oversimplifying and underestimating the complexity and challenges that these families face. Instead, pediatric primary care providers can play a key role in maximizing the potential of an internationally adopted child and his or her family.
Changes inβ-actin mRNA Expression in Remodeling Canine Myocardium

Beta-actin, a cytoskeletal protein important in the maintenance of cytoarchitecture, has long been thought to be expressed constitutively in myocardial tissue. As such,β-actin mRNA has been used as a control gene in a wide range of experiments. However, we have uncovered consistent changes inβ-actin mRNA expression in canine myocardium remodeling as a result of insult to the left ventricle. The experimental canine models used were either DC shock damage to the left ventricle or volume overload resulting from severe mitral regurgitation. The remodeling process in both canine models is characterized by an increase in left ventricular mass. PCR amplification using primers designed to selectively amplify the 3 ′ end and a portion of the 3 ′ untranslated region ofβ-actin mRNA resulted in the generation of a 297 base pair product predominant only in normal canine myocardium and a 472 base pair product that became increasingly prominent from 1 to 30 days after DC shock damage to the left ventricle and from 10 to 90 days after creation of mitral regurgitation. Northern analysis showed a three-fold increase inβ-actin mRNA after either DC shock or creation of mitral regurgitation. Western analysis revealed an early increase inβ-actin protein followed by an apparent decrease to below baseline levels. These observations suggest that changes inβ-actin mRNA expression accompany the structural alterations that occur in response to myocardial damage. Whether or not the changes inβ-actin mRNA expression play a role in mediating these structural alterations remains to be determined.
The intergenerational predisposition to operative delivery

Objective To determine the risk of cesarean delivery for women who themselves were born via operative delivery. Methods A linked data base was constructed between the birth certificates of individuals born in Utah during 1947–1957 (parental cohort) and who subsequently became a parent of offspring born in Utah between 1970–1991 (offspring cohort). Parental cohort women (cases) who had been delivered operatively (cesarean delivery, mid- or high forceps) as well as women who had a sibling delivered by an operative procedure were matched (1:2) with parental-cohort women born by spontaneous vaginal delivery (controls). Both cases and controls were selected based on having a record of at least one delivery in Utah during 1970–1991. Results Women who were delivered by cesarean were at increased risk of subsequently delivering their children by cesarean (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.70; P P = .004), parental cesarean because of cephalo-pelvic disproportion alone (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.16–2.88; P = .01), or parental cesarean for dysfunctional labor (OR 5.97, 95% CI 1.5–23.6; P Conclusion An intergenerational predisposition to cesarean delivery exists. (Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:905–11)
The impact of prior science course experience and achievement on the science teaching self-efficacy of preservice elementary teachers

The purpose of this research was to ascertain the impact of prior science course experience and achievement on the science teaching self-efficacy of preservice teachers. The Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument—Form B (Enochs & Riggs, 1990) was administered as a pre- and posttest. The outcome expectancy scale data revealed no significant differences between the low-group pretest and the low-group posttest nor between the high-group pretest and the high-group posttest. The results suggest that prior science course experience and achievement have little impact on the belief systems of future teachers of science.
Openness and Macroeconomic Volatility: Do Development Factors Drive Such Ambiguous Results?

The 2008 financial crisis proved the “Great Moderation” (a period when it was believed that policymakers had successfully smoothed macroeconomic fluctuations) to be transitory. Understanding a country’s degree of susceptibility to these fluctuations is crucial to investors but previous studies have shown that increasing trade and financial openness can have ambiguous effects. This paper examines a set of 11 countries individually, before the financial crisis, modeling variability in output, consumption, and investment as functions of both openness and external volatility. Financial openness tends to reduce investment volatility for the countries in this sample, while consumption is relatively unaffected overall. Output variability registers mixed results. The regression results are then examined to find relationships with various economic, development, and institutional-quality indicators. Trade openness is found to be correlated with a reduction in output volatility for less-developed countries and an increase for developed countries, while financial openness shows the opposite outcome.
Intraprocedural fluoroscopy to determine the extent of the cardiomyotomy during per-oral endoscopic myotomy (with video)

Background An adequate myotomy on the gastric side is considered essential to optimize outcomes in patients undergoing per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). An objective method to measure the length of gastric myotomy has not yet been reported. Objective To evaluate a new method of precisely determining the length of the submucosal tunnel below the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) using intraprocedural fluoroscopy. Design Single-center cohort study. Setting Academic tertiary care center. Patients Twenty-four consecutive patients who underwent POEM for management of achalasia. Interventions A radiopaque marker (endoscopic clip placed at the EGJ or fluoroscopically guided placement of a 19-gauge needle on the skin) was used to mark the EGJ. The endoscope was inserted to the most distal aspect of the submucosal tunnel and, using fluoroscopy, the distance between the radiopaque marker and the tip of the endoscope was measured. Main Outcome Measurements Technical success, procedural impact, duration of technique, and adverse events. Results Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients. The submucosal tunnel was extended in 5 patients (20.8%) with a mean extension of 1.4 ± .5 cm. The mean increase in procedure time was 4 minutes with the endoscopic clip and 2 minutes with the 19-gauge needle. There were no adverse events associated with this technique. Limitations Need for fluoroscopy. Absence of available criterion standard. Conclusions Intraprocedural fluoroscopy was an efficient and safe method of objectively documenting the extent of gastric myotomy during POEM. This may benefit those investigating the anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during the myotomy and those early in their experience performing POEM.
Progress in High-Tension Underground Cable Research and Development

This paper deals primarily with the ``solid'' type paper insulated high-tension cable, the development field still ahead being extensive. A review is given of the progress made during the past four years. The research and development work which made this progress possible is outlined, only the more important features being considered. Particular attention is given to void formation both in the factory and in the field, and methods of arriving at some understanding of this are demonstrated. The conclusion is drawn that void formation under service conditions is inherent in paper insulated ``solid'' cables. Methods of reducing the size and duration of voids, and increasing their pressure, thereby reducing the possibility of ionization deterioration, are carefully considered. Oil reservoir feed at the joints is of great value in this respect. This is dealt with in detail. Research data on ionization and other characteristics of finished cable and cable materials are presented.
Comparison of the corrosion behavior of tank 51 sludge-based glass and a nonradioactive homologue glass

We are conducting static dissolution tests with a glass made at the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) during a demonstration of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) process control for remote vitrification [1]. The glass was made with sludge from Tank 5 1, SRL 202 frit, and added soda. This glass is similar to waste glasses being made in the current DWPF campaign. Parallel tests are being conducted with a nonradioactive glass made at ANL having the same composition as the radioactive glass, except without the radionuclides. The radioactive and nonradioactive glasses are referred to as 5lR and 5lS, respectively. The results of these tests provide information pertinent to assessing the long-term corrosion behavior of DWPF glasses, comparing the corrosion behaviors of radioactive and nonradioactive glasses, and characterizing the disposition of radionuclides as the glass corrodes.
Northern Hemisphere snow extent: regional variability 1972–1994

Snow cover is an important hydrologic and climatic variable due to its effects on water supplies, and on energy and mass exchanges at the surface. We investigate the kinematics and climatology of Northern Hemisphere snow extent between 1972 and 1994, and associated circulation patterns. Interannual fluctuations of North American and Eurasian snow extents are driven by both hemispheric scale signals, as well as signals from smaller ‘coherent’ regions, within which interannual fluctuations of snow extent are highly correlated. These regions cover only 2‐6% of the continental land area north of 20°N, yet during many months they explain more than 60% of the variance in continental snow extent. They are identified using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of digitized snow extent charts obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Significant month-to-month persistence is found over western North America and Europe during winter and spring. Geographically and seasonally dependent associations are identified between North American snow extent and atmospheric circulation patterns, surface air temperature, and snowfall. Over western North America, snow extent is associated with the longitudinal position of the North American ridge. Over eastern North America, snow extent is associated with a meridional oscillation in the 500-mb geopotential height field. These teleconnection patterns, derived using composite analyses, are associated with secondary modes of tropospheric variability during autumn and winter. During spring, snow extent becomes effectively decoupled from tropospheric dynamics. These results are useful for understanding the natural variability of the climate system, reconstructing pre-satellite era climate variability, evaluating climate models, and detecting climate change. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society.
Zosteriform skin metastases.

A 66-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a rash on the leg. She had a 1 -year history of stage IV bronchogenic adenocarcinoma with previous metastases to the right first metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP) joint and a left supraclavicular lymph node. She underwent six cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA) and carboplatin (Paraplatin; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA) as well as palliative radiation therapy to the metastasis sites. One month after completing radiation therapy, the patient developed a nonpainful rash on the right thigh. This eruption was treated as a herpes zoster infection by her internist with 3 weeks of valcyclovir (Valtrex; Catalytica Pharmaceuticals, Greenville, NC, USA), but without improvement. One month later the leg became painful and swollen and the rash spread up the thigh to involve the groin and vulva. The patient was referred to the dermatology department. Physical examination revealed multiple red, indurated, crusted papules and nodules involving the medial, anterior, and lateral right thigh, labia majora, and suprapubic area. The lesions were grouped and arranged in a dermatomal zosteriform distribution (Fig. 1). There was a visible peau d'orange appearance of the right leg with pitting edema. A punch biopsy showed irregular islands of atypical glandular epithelial cells infiltrating the superficial and deep dermis, consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma (Fig. 2a). Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining to thyroid transcription factor (TTF) and cytokeratin 7 (Fig. 2b and c). The tissue did not stain with progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, or gross cystic disease fluid protein (BRST-2). This immunostaining pattern was identical to previous biopsies of the right first MTP joint and left supraclavicular lymph node metastases and is consistent with adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Holding On: Adoption, Kinship Tensions, and Pregnancy in the Marshall Islands

In the Marshall Islands, the idea that children belong to the kinship group as a whole exists in tension with an understanding of children as closely tied to their birth family. This tension is simultaneously created and overcome by linguistic and strategic practices in which adoptive and birth parents alike attempt to gain and keep children. Their efforts to “hold on” challenge recent trends in the anthropological study of kinship, specifically deconstructions of the importance of things—such as pregnancy—that appear biological. I argue that both criticisms and defenses of kinship as biology have overlooked how the physical process of reproduction creates interactional constraints on negotiations for children. These negotiations also create multiple potential parents as legitimate, thus producing the ambivalence and tensions that underlie Marshallese experiences of adoption. Rather than simply destructive, however, these tensions and ambivalences are also constructive—it is through their struggle to hold on that parents bind children to themselves.
The case for determinism in database systems

Replication is a widely used method for achieving high availability in database systems. Due to the nondeterminism inherent in traditional concurrency control schemes, however, special care must be taken to ensure that replicas don't diverge. Log shipping, eager commit protocols, and lazy synchronization protocols are well-understood methods for safely replicating databases, but each comes with its own cost in availability, performance, or consistency.In this paper, we propose a distributed database system which combines a simple deadlock avoidance technique with concurrency control schemes that guarantee equivalence to a predetermined serial ordering of transactions. This effectively removes all nondeterminism from typical OLTP workloads, allowing active replication with no synchronization overhead whatsoever. Further, our system eliminates the requirement for two-phase commit for any kind of distributed transaction, even across multiple nodes within the same replica. By eschewing deadlock detection and two-phase commit, our system under many workloads outperforms traditional systems that allow nondeterministic transaction reordering.
Maturation of the human frontal lobes: Physiological evidence for staging

The issue of continuous versus discontinuous cognitive development was evaluated in terms of the nonlinear dynamics of human cerebral maturation. Convergent evidence from studies of the development of cerebral architecture, the development of EEG relative power, and the development of EEG coherence demonstrate oscillations and equilibrium processes that underlay cerebral maturation. Life‐span development was shown to be a “wave” process with spectral characteristics determined by anatomy. The frontal regions exhibited different wave characteristics than posterior regions, similarly, the left and right hemispheres exhibited differential developmental features. The establishment of corticocortical connections with different regions of the frontal lobes were shown to sequentially occur and to dominate postnatal cerebral development from birth to age 16.
A Role for the Roof Plate and Its Resident TGFβ-Related Proteins in Neuronal Patterning in the Dorsal Spinal Cord

Distinct neuronal cell types are generated at characteristic times and positions in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We provide evidence that the identity and pattern of generation of dorsal neurons depend initially on BMP-mediated signals that derive from the epidermal ectoderm and induce dorsal midline cells of the roof plate. Roof plate cells provide a secondary source of TGFbeta-related signals that are required for the generation of distinct classes of dorsal interneurons. These inductive interactions involve both qualitative and quantitative differences in signaling by TGFbeta-related factors and temporal changes in the response of neural progenitor cells.
Tunneling Measurements of Electron Spin Effects in Superconductors

Recent tunneling experiments have clarified the role of electron-spin effects in superconductors. Superconductor—normal metal tunneling experiments have shown that the quasi-particle states in Al are spin-split in a magnetic field, and that in Al the BCS assumption of opposite spin pairing is very nearly exact. The predictions of Sarma, Maki, Fulde, and others concerning a paramagnetically limited superconductor have been verified. Superconductor—superconductor tunneling has proved to be a sensitive measure of spin—orbit scattering, as predicted by Fulde and Engler, who have calculated the density of states for each spin direction for finite spin—orbit scattering. Superconducting—ferromagnetic tunneling has been used to measure the apparent spin density of states of ferromagnetic metals and in addition should allow the determination of the density of states of the superconductor for each spin direction even in the presence of spin—orbit scattering.
Reconfigurable RFICs and modules for cognitive radio

This paper describes techniques to implement frequency-agile RF front-end ICs and modules for application to intelligent cognitive radios (CRs). The CR system architecture with an efficient spectrum-sensing technique has been proposed. The feasibility of its CMOS IC implementation is discussed for the functional building blocks of the spectrum-sensing units and the frequency-agile RF front-end.
A Method for Nonlinear Least Squares With Structured Residuals

This note develops a modification of standard nonlinear least squares methods with reduced sensitivity to the quality of the initial guess. The technique is presented in the context of least squares fitting of dynamic system models, but may apply to other kinds of problems. The performance of the technique is compared to standard methods for a variety of test problems
Sind partikuläre Edelmetallkatalysatoren Metalle, Metalloxide oder ein Mittelding?

Gutes Modell? Partikulare Edelmetallkatalysatoren benotigen oft kleine Mengen von Sauerstoff, um ihre optimale katalytische Aktivitat auszuspielen. Die genaue Struktur und Zusammensetzung der beteiligten Metalloxidcluster ist aber bis heute, fast zweihundert Jahre nach ihrer Entdeckung, nicht geklart. Ein neuartiges Heteropolypalladatsalz (siehe Bild; Pd gelb, O rot) bietet Einblick, wie Sauerstoffatome in kleine Edelmetallcluster eingebaut werden konnten.
The role of model female quality in the mate choice copying behaviour of sailfin mollies

Female mate choice copying is a socially mediated mate choice behaviour, in which a male’s attractiveness to females increases if he was previously chosen by another female as a mate. Although copying has been demonstrated in numerous species, little is known about the specific benefits it confers to copying females. Here we demonstrate that the mate choice behaviour of female sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) is influenced by the phenotypic quality of model females with whom males are observed consorting. Test females choosing between two males of similar body length were found to significantly increase time spent with previously non-preferred males after having observed them with a relatively high-quality female. Conversely, females were found to significantly decrease time spent with previously preferred males after having observed them with a relatively low-quality female. Female mate choice copying might be maintained by selection based on the heuristic value it provides females choosing between males whose quality differences are not easily distinguishable.
Planning and Scheduling by Logic-Based Benders Decomposition

We combine mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and constraint programming (CP) to solve an important class of planning and scheduling problems. Tasks are allocated to facilities using MILP and scheduled using CP, and the two are linked via logic-based Benders decomposition. Tasks assigned to a facility may run in parallel subject to resource constraints (cumulative scheduling). We solve problems in which the objective is to minimize cost, makespan, or total tardiness. We obtain significant computational speedups, of several orders of magnitude for the first two objectives, relative to the state of the art in both MILP and CP. We also obtain better solutions and bounds for problems than cannot be solved to optimality.
Effects of marijuana on macrophage function.

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major psychoactive component of marijuana. This substance has been shown to elicit a spectrum of effects in vitro and in experimental animals. The drug decreases host resistance to viruses (1–3) and bacteria (1), alters cellular morphology and function (4–10), and inhibits RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis (11–13). These effects on macromolecular synthesis suggest that THC may elicit its immunosuppressive effects by altering the expression and/or secretion of effector molecules. Macrophages play a central role in the regulation of immune responsiveness. These cells act “early” in a primary viral infection by exerting intrinsic and extrinsic antiviral activities (17,18), and play a central role in host resistance by their capacity to produce interferons and monokines and to function as antigen-presenting cells (19,20). Responsive macrophages undergo a multi-step process to full activation (21–23). Each of these stages in the activation process is associated with discrete functional activities. Responsive macrophages ingest and degrade bacteria and viruses. A hallmark of fully activated macrophages, on the other hand, is their capacity to destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells. These effector functions are induced in response to a variety of signals, including bacteria and bacterial cell wall products (i.e., lipopolysaccharide). The sequential development of responsive macrophages to full activation is accompanied by the expression of defined, quantifiable protein markers which reflect the potential of the macrophage to execute different functional activities.
Synthesis of 3-Substituted 2-Indol­inones by a Multicomponent Coupling Isocyanide-Dependent Microwave-Assisted Intramolecular Transamidation Process

A small-molecule library synthesis of 3-substituted 2-indolinones using methyl isocyanide and a microwave-assisted intramolecular transamidation process with 10 % TFA in dichloroethane has been achieved in 3 steps. A modified Fe0 Bechamp-type reduction of a substituted bifunctional substrate, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, renders 3-substituted 2-indolinones in yields ranging from 76–91 % (21 examples). Furthermore, it has been determined that symmetrical 2o N-alkyl or aryl substituents, as a component of the amine starting material, suppresses 3-substituted 2-indolinone rotameric mixtures and allows for facile compound 1H NMR characterization. In the absence of methyl isocyanide, 3,4-dihydroquinazolines or transamidation products predominate under both Bronsted or Lewis acid conditions in reasonable yields.
Relationships among allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis.

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease in the United States. There are a significant number of patients with CRS who are refractory to standard medical and surgical therapy. Man...
Patient Safety Climate (Psc) in Outpatient Surgery Centers — Part Two

We report results of safety climate questions from health care professionals involved in the “Systems Engineering Intervention in Outpatient Surgery - a Collaborative Community Perspective” study undertaken at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Surveys were conducted in five outpatient surgery centers pre- and post-intervention. The objectives of this study were to examine patient safety climate across various outpatient surgery centers pre- and post-specific patient safety interventions and to examine the relationship between patient safety climate and job categories, individual outpatient centers and the respondents' Quality of Working Life (QWL). Our results indicate that four patient safety climate scales can be created from the pre- and post-intervention 12-item questionnaire: (1) Top management commitment to patient safety, (2) General patent safety climate, (3) Employee commitment to patient safety and (4) Patient safety change. In one of the survey centers, patient safety climate became more neg...
Geographies and Accompaniment: Toward an Ecclesial Re-ordering of the Art of Dying

This article identifies three geographical shifts that have altered the relative social, spatial and temporal locations of dying, church and health care, and axiology causally contributing to our c...
Study on selection of 750 kV transmission line insulators in high altitude area

For four different types of porcelain insulators with 210 kN,300 kN and four different types of 210 kN,300 kN glass insulators,the artificial contamination tests were carried out in four pressure cases corresponding to the altitude from 0 m to 3 000 m and in two typical kinds of equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD).The tests show that the flashover voltage of polluted insulators regularly decreases with the increasing of the altitude.And the flashover performance of No.4 and No.2 porcelain insulators' is better than other insulators,so No.4 or No.2 porcelain insulator is recommend in this paper.At last,the pieces of No.4 and No.2 insulators for 750 kV transmission line at different altitude are given and are proved in this paper.
Use of the Flexible Fiberoptic Nephroscope in the Preoperative Evaluation and Delayed Repair of Traumatic Urethral Strictures

A flexible, fiberoptic nephroscope was used in the preoperative evaluation and subsequent repair of obliterative, post-traumatic urethral strictures in 2 men. Antegrade passage of the flexible nephroscope through a previously established suprapubic cystostomy tract afforded direct visualization of the bladder neck and uninvolved urethra proximal to the strictures. Thereby, precise definition of involvement of the membranous urethra and striated external sphincter was established. This facilitated selection between transperineal and transpubic operative approaches as well as intraoperative localization of the proximal margins of the strictures.
Nonlinear optical properties of CdS quantum dots prepared by sol-gel technique: spectral hole burning and photodarkening

The possibility of manipulating optical properties of semiconductors through various degrees of dimensional or quantum confinement has attracted considerable attention during the last decade. Even though the best-known examples are still quantum well structures that confine one motional degree of freedom of the excited electron-hole pair, quantum wires and quantum dots arebecoming increasingly important since they yield two-dimensional and three-dimensional quantum confinement, respectively.
Intuition and Duration: an Introduction to Bergson’s ‘Introduction to Metaphysics’

Despite Bergson’s immense fame,1 Bergson never produced a movement;2 Bergson never produced a Heidegger. The lack of a movement explains why Husserl’s phenomenology continues to overshadow Bergsonism. Phenomenology looks to be so much more important than Bergsonism that Derrida, in his 1967 study of Husserl, mentions Bergson only in passing, implying that that his criticism of Husserl should be able to strike at Bergson as well.3 Foucault does the same, as early as 1963 in The Birth of the Clinic and as late as 1984 in an essay called ‘Life: Experience and Science/4 Derrida and Foucault are able to subordinate Bergson’s thought to phenomenology not only because phenomenology virtually dominated twentieth-century thinking. They can do this also because Bergsonism seems to be conceptually similar to phenomenology. Bergsonism is an intuitionism, and Bergson’s central concept of ‘the duration’ (la duree) looks to be equivalent to Husserl’s concept of Erlebnis (lived-experience). In 1965 however, Deleuze asserted that Bergson holds a unique position — different from Husserl and even from Heidegger — in the Western philosophical tradition.5 This assertion distinguishes Deleuze from Derrida and Foucault. Indeed, Deleuze might be Bergson’s Heidegger. In What is Philosophy? for instance — a text co-authored with Guattari — Deleuze says that Bergson is the only philosopher who was mature enough for the inspiration Spinoza gives us.
GLIAL CELLS, INFLAMMATION, AND CNS TRAUMA: MODULATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY ENVIRONMENT AFTER INJURY CAN LEAD TO LONG-DISTANCE REGENERATION BEYOND THE GLIAL SCAR

ABSTRACT Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) in adult mammals leads to significant pathology associated with permanent disability. The reactivity of glial cells to injuries in the brain and spinal cord, including the importance of inflammatory influences, has been identified as one component of the failure of the nervous system to regenerate when healing occurs. This chapter will review selected aspects of reactive gliosis at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels as it relates to oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, and microglial/macrophage responses to trauma and the abortive attempts of neuronal regeneration. The historical perspective and modern approaches detailed in this review will demonstrate that the field of glial cell biology has allowed us to go beyond purely mechanical considerations of the glial scar, and in doing so has provided new insights into the complex reactions and interactions of glial cells following injury that generate the generally nonpermissive nature of lesion sites in the adult CNS. Recent advances in the field have demonstrated that significant regeneration can occur when modifications to the inflammatory sequelae are made to create optimal conditions for axon growth.
Nanoscale effects of arsenic incorporation in CdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Difficulties with p-type doping in CdTe based photovoltaics prompted the growth of epitaxial As-doped CdTe to fundamentally understand dopant incorporation limits and activation. At high levels of As, HgCdTe and CdTe have shown drastic decreases in electrical activity, but the mechanism has been unknown. Atom probe tomography analysis of As-doped CdTe revealed clustering of As. Particularly, the authors found that As tends to substitute more for Cd rather than the expected Te. According to this information, a detailed evaluation of post-growth annealing temperatures to reduce clustering and increase electrical activity is warranted.
Fluorescent carbon dots and their sensing applications

Abstract Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials and have demonstrated excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, great aqueous solubility, low cost, simple synthesis, etc. Since their discovery, various synthesis methods using different precursors have been developed, and are mainly classified as top-down and bottom-up approaches. For the mechanistic origin of CDs photoluminescence, three mechanisms have been proposed such as quantum confinement effect, surface state and molecule state. CDs have presented many applications, and this review article mainly focuses on the development of CDs based fluorescent sensors in recent 5 years. The sensing mechanisms, senor design and sensing properties to various targets are summarized. A broad range of analytes including cations, anions, small molecules, macromolecules, cells and bacteria have been discussed. In addition, the challenges and future directions for CDs as sensing materials are also presented.
The a-number of hyperelliptic curves

It is known that for a smooth hyperelliptic curve to have a large a-number, the genus must be small relative to the characteristic of the field, p > 0, over which the curve is defined. It was proven by Elkin that for a genus g hyperelliptic curve C to have a C = g − 1, the genus is bounded by \(g<\frac {3p}{2}\). In this paper, we show that this bound can be lowered to g < p. The method of proof is to force the Cartier-Manin matrix to have rank 1 and examine what restriction that places on the affine equation defining the hyperelliptic curve. We then use this bound to summarize what is known about the existence of such curves when p = 3, 5 and 7.
Endovascular treatment of ruptured tiny (⩽3 mm) intracranial aneurysms in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case series of 20 patients and literature review

Successful endovascular coiling of ruptured tiny saccular intracranial aneurysms (⩽3mm) is technically challenging and traditionally has been associated with technical failures, as well as morbidity related to thromboembolic events and high intraoperative rupture rates. This study analyzes the feasibility, technical efficacy, and clinical outcomes of coil embolization of ruptured tiny intracranial aneurysms using current coil and microcatheter technology and techniques. We performed a retrospective review of 20 patients with 20 ruptured tiny aneurysms treated with endovascular coil embolization from 2013 to 2016 at a single high-volume academic tertiary care practice. The mean aneurysm size was 2.4mm (median 2.5mm, 1-3). Complete occlusion was achieved in 12 of 20 patients (60%), the remaining 7 of 20 patients (35%) had a small neck remnant, and there was 1 failure (5%) converted to microsurgical clipping. Two patients had a failed attempted surgical clip reconstruction and were subsequently coiled. There was 1 intraprocedural rupture (5%) and 1 severe parent artery vasospasm (5%) during coiling. At discharge, 60% of patients were living independently. At follow-up three patients were deceased. Mean angiographic follow-up was 139days (SD 120). There were no aneurysm recurrences among occluded patients and there were no retreatments among those with neck remnants. Coiling of ruptured aneurysms ⩽3mm is feasible with high occlusion rates and low complication rates. The availability of softer coils with flexible detachment zones has led to safe and effective endovascular treatment of tiny ruptured aneurysms.
Screening Small Molecule Compounds for Protein Ligands with Label-Free, Optically Detected Microarrays

Using a high-throughput label-free optical scanner we measured endpoints and binding kinetics of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein against 8,000 small molecule compounds (in microarray format) from NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program.
Duplication avoidance mechanisms to reduce bandwidth usage in redundant Wi-Fi networks

Seamless redundancy is an effective way to increase communication quality over wireless channels, and provides a degree of reliability that meets the standards demanded by many distributed control applications in industrial plants. Unfortunately, wireless spectrum usage increases consequently, which is often unacceptable as this is a shared and limited resource. Wi-Red is a proposal that applies seamless redundancy to Wi-Fi. Unlike competing solutions, suitable mechanisms were purposely included, which help reducing bandwidth consumption by avoiding transmission on air of frame duplicates when not needed. In this paper, such mechanisms are analyzed and their ability to save wireless bandwidth evaluated. Results show that improvements are really tangible.
Minimizing the Age of the Information through Queues

In this paper, we investigate scheduling policies that minimize the age of information in single-hop queueing systems. We propose a Last-Generated, First-Serve (LGFS) scheduling policy, in which the packet with the earliest generation time is processed with the highest priority. If the service times are i.i.d. exponentially distributed, the preemptive LGFS policy is proven to be age-optimal in a stochastic ordering sense. If the service times are i.i.d. and satisfy a New-Better-than-Used (NBU) distributional property, the non-preemptive LGFS policy is shown to be within a constant gap from the optimum age performance. These age-optimality results are quite general: (i) They hold for arbitrary packet generation times and arrival times (including out-of-order packet arrivals), (ii) They hold for multi-server packet scheduling with the possibility of replicating a packet over multiple servers, (iii) They hold for minimizing not only the time-average age and mean peak age, but also for minimizing the age stochastic process and any non-decreasing functional of the age stochastic process. If the packet generation time is equal to packet arrival time, the LGFS policies reduce to the Last-Come, First-Serve (LCFS) policies. Hence, the age optimality results of LCFS-type policies are also established.