cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of several Brassica species in the north central U.S. for potential jet fuel feedstock

Abstract Hydrotreated renewable jet fuel (HRJ) derived from crop oils has been commercially demonstrated, but full-scale production has been hindered by feedstock costs that make it more costly than petroleum-based fuels. Maintaining low feedstock costs while developing crops attractive to growers will be key to producing affordable HRJ and creating a dependable supply. Several Brassica oilseed species could potentially serve as feedstock, but genotypes agronomically and economically well suited for a given region will likely vary with environment and current cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seed and seed oil yields of 12 summer annual Brassica genotypes representing six different species [Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Brassica juncea L., Brassica carinata L., Sinapis alba L., and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.] and identify environmental factors that might limit their growth and oil production. The study was conducted during 2013 and 2014 in west central Minnesota, U.S. on a Barnes loam soil. This study is part of a larger project focused on evaluating the same set of oilseeds across the major wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing areas of the U.S. Seed yields for the 12 spring-sown crops in Minnesota ranged from 1058 to 3718 kg ha−1 in 2013 and 515 to 2020 kg ha−1 in 2014. The range in seed oil yield was 287–1588 kg ha−1 in 2013 and 210–885 kg ha−1 in 2014. Plant lodging was a serious issue in 2013, but it varied widely among genotypes. In 2014, which was characterized by an abnormally wet spring, disease infection {most likely white leaf spot [Pseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton 1973]} and flea beetle [Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)] feeding led to plant damage, but these were primarily confined to certain Brassica napus cultivars. In west central Minnesota, certain B. napus canola lines and B. carinata produced the greatest seed and oil yields. B. carinata was the latest maturing species in the study, produced the highest biomass, and tended to have low harvest indices, indicating ample room for yield improvement. For any given ecoregion, striking a balance among crop yield, agricultural input costs, and optimum species/cultivar choice for a particular cropping system will be important for providing a reliable and affordable feedstock for HRJ.
Energy-like Liapunov functionals for linear elastic systems on a Hilbert space.

An approach is presented for generating energy-like functionals for linear elastic dynamic systems on a Hilbert space. The objective is to obtain a family of functionals which may be used for stability analysis of the equilibrium, i.e., Liapunov functionals. Although the energy functional, when one exists, is always a member of this family, the family is shown to exist even when an energy functional does not. Several discrete and distributed-parameter examples are presented, as are certain specific techniques for utilizing this approach.
Massive cystic granulosa-theca cell tumor: Report of a case

Abstract A large granulosa-theca cell tumor was removed from a 59-year-old gravida 1, para 1, Negro patient. The tumor weighed approximately between 145 and 155 pounds; its weight far surpassed that of the largest recorded tumor of the same type.
Decision Making Under Conditions of Risk, Ambiguity, and Uncertainty

(1998). Decision Making Under Conditions of Risk, Ambiguity, and Uncertainty. Administration in Social Work: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 75-93.
Calorimetric thermal-vacuum performance characterization of the BAe 80 K space cryocooler

A comprehensive characterization program is underway at JPL to generate test data on long-life, miniature Stirling-cycle cryocoolers for space application. The key focus of this paper is on the thermal performance of the British Aerospace (BAe) 80 K split-Stirling-cycle cryocooler as measured in a unique calorimetric thermal-vacuum test chamber that accurately simulates the heat-transfer interfaces of space. Two separate cooling fluid loops provide precise individual control of the compressor and displacer heatsink temperatures. In addition, heatflow transducers enable calorimetric measurements of the heat rejected separately by the compressor and displacer. Cooler thermal performance has been mapped for coldtip temperatures ranging from below 45 K to above 150 K, for heatsink temperatures ranging from 280 K to 320 K, and for a wide variety of operational variables including compressor-displacer phase, compressor-displacer stroke, drive frequency, and piston-displacer dc offset.
Partitioning and retiming of multi-dimensional systems

The use of massive parallelism in solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) has been studied for a long time. Fettweis and Nitache (1991) introduced a new method of transforming a PDE problem in a set of computational nodes represented by wave digital filters working in a multidimensional environment. Those computational nodes may not be mapped one-to-one to processor elements. After the nodes are partitioned into blocks, this paper introduces the concept of transforming such blocks to multidimensional data flow graphs, and an algorithm to obtain a final execution schedule with an optimal performance by using multidimensional retiming. The method is applicable to any uniformly represented data dependence graph and the Fettweis and Nitache method was chosen as an interesting example of its application. >
Why male ground squirrels disperse

When they are about two months old, male Belding’s develop the idea that natal dispersal, like other behaviors ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) leave the burrow and phenotypic attributes, can be understood from mulwhere they were born, never to return. Their sisters tiple, complementary perspectives. Separating these levbehave quite differently, remaining near home throughels of analysis helps organize hypotheses about cause out their lives. Why do juvenile males, and only males, and effect in biology (7). In the case of natal dispersal, disperse? This deceptively simple question, which has this approach can minimize misunderstandings in termiintrigued us for more than a decade (1, 2), has led us to nology and allow for clearer focus on the issues of investigate evolutionary, ecological, interest. ontogenetic, and mechanistic explaQuestions of the general form nations. Only recently have answers “Why does animal A exhibit trait X?” begun to emerge. A multilevel analysis have always caused confusion Dispersal, defined as a complete helps us to understand among biologists. And even today, and permanent emigration from an the literature is full of examples. The individual’s home range, occurs why male and not female sometime in the life cycle of nearly all Belding’s ground nature-nurture controversy, which
Capture and Transfer of Pions in Hydrogenous Materials

Pionic hydrogen is a short-lived exotic hydrogen isotope in which a negative pion replaces the atomic electron. The formation and subsequent interactions of pionic hydrogen are discussed, with emphasis on the process of pion transfer. Recent results using the pion charge-exchange reaction (π -, π 0) obtained at TRIUMF are reviewed.
Symmetric functions and BN-invariant spherical harmonics

The wavefunctions of a quantum isotropic harmonic oscillator modified by reflecting barriers at the coordinate planes in N-dimensional space can be expressed in terms of certain generalized spherical harmonics. These are associated with a product-type weight function on the sphere. Their analysis is carried out by means of differential-difference operators. The symmetries of this system involve the Weyl group of type B, generated by permutations and changes of sign of the coordinates. A new basis for symmetric functions as well as an explicit transition matrix to the monomial basis is constructed. This basis leads to a basis for invariant spherical harmonics. The determinant of the Gram matrix for the basis in the natural inner product over the sphere is evaluated. When the underlying parameter is specialized to zero, the basis consists of ordinary spherical harmonics with cube group symmetry, as used for wavefunctions of electrons in crystals. The harmonic oscillator can also be considered as a degenerate interaction-free spin Calogero model.
Charge Transfer Spectra

Charge transfer spectra in highly ionic crystals correspond to electron transfer between neighboring atoms. They can be classified as donor or acceptor, depending upon whether the metal atom donates or accepts an electron. The essential differences between these two kinds of transitions are emphasized, and a simple criterion to establish which type is responsible for observed spectra are stated. The relationship of optical and chemical charge transfer processes are examined. The theories used to explain and correlate charge transfer spectra are finally discussed.
Accumetrics-based clopidogrel dosing in endovascular neurosurgery

AbstractIntroduction:The role of the VerifyNow test to guide clopidogrel therapy in neurosurgical patients is still unclear. This study compared outcomes in patients undergoing neurointerventional procedures on either standard clopidogrel or tailored clopidogrel regimens.Methods:Adult patients undergoing neurointerventional procedures from 1 May 2002 to 31 December 2012 at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System were included if they were receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for their procedure. Patients were categorised based on the use of VerifyNow to guide therapy. The primary endpoint was the incidence of thromboembolic complications within 6 months post procedure. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of haemorrhagic complications and death. P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) were recorded when available and categorised based on relation to procedures and/or events.Results:A total of 228 patients were screened with 130 meeting inclusion criteria. Ninety patients were grouped...
A Krüppel-like factor in Caenorhabditis elegans with essential roles in fat regulation, cell death, and phagocytosis.

We demonstrate that a Caenorhabditis elegans Kruppel-like transcription factor is involved in fat regulation, cell death, and phagocytosis in C. elegans. Suppression of C. elegans klf-1 function by RNA interference (RNAi) results in increased fat storage in the intestine of the RNAi worm that directly or indirectly causes germ cells to die. These dead cells are not engulfed or phagocytosed in the RNAi worm. High-level expression of Ce-klf-1 during larval development, as well as its specific localization in the worm's intestine, supports a direct role for Ce-klf-1 in fat regulation. The C. elegans klf-1 encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein that is known to act as transcriptional modulator of tissue-specific expression. Members of the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family play a variety of important roles in vertebrate tissue differentiation. KLFs have recently been implicated in energy and glucose homeostasis through their expression in pancreas, adipose, liver, and muscle tissues. The extensive fat storage and i...
Dietary fish oil reduces progression of established renal disease in (NZB × NZW)F1 mice and delays renal disease in BXSB and MRL/1 strains

Previous studies have shown that dietary marine lipids containing large quantities of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, administered to (New Zealand black × New Zealand white)F1 and MRL-lpr/lpr mice before the development of renal disease, reduce the severity of glomerulonephritis in mice of these strains. The present study demonstrated that delayed administration of a marine lipid diet, 25% menhaden oil (MO) by weight, until after the onset of overt renal disease, also resulted in significant improvement in rates of mortality, proteinuria, and histologic evidence of glomerular injury, compared with control animals fed a diet that contained mostly saturated fatty acids, 25% beef tallow. The MO diet also reduced the histologic severity of renal disease in male BXSB/MpJ and male MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In contrast, necrotizing vasculitis was more frequent in small and medium-sized renal arteries of the MRL-lpr/lpr mice fed MO than in those fed beef tallow (33.4% versus 7.6%, respectively).
Why is Music a Language of Spirituality

The basic thesis explored in this paper is that rather than seeing spirituality as a byproduct of music, the other arts, and religion, music, the other arts, and religion might be seen as a byproduct of spirituality—hence, the proposition that music is a language of spirituality. If that is the case, there are twin dangers: talk of “wholism” can obscure the distinctly human capacity of spirituality and constructions of spirit as one element of the old dualisms or tripartisms can separate spirituality from the context of body and mind. If music is a language of spirituality understood as a distinct but contextualized expression of the spirit, the primary implications for music education are that some parts of music education might be conducted at a non-discursive, non-rational level and constructivist pedagogical approaches may be called for. In conversation with a vocal ensemble director from the former Ussr, I was struck with his description of the effects of performing religious music which his group did from time to time. This man, a card-carrying member of the Communist Party with no religious affiliation, was definite about describing the experience as a spiritual one. A couple of things are interesting about his description. First, he makes a quite clear distinction between the religious and the spiritual; in
Acetonitrilebis(2,9-dimethylphenanthroline)copper(II) bis(tetrafluoridoborate) acetonitrile disolvate.

In the title compound, [Cu(CH3CN)(C14H12N2)2](BF4)2·2CH3CN, the CuII atom shows a distorted CuN5 square-pyramidal geometry with the acetonitrile N atom in an equatorial site, which differs substanti­ally from the distorted trigonal-bipyramidal arrangement usually observed for five-coordinate complexes of CuII with two phenanthroline-type ligands and one other ligand. The B atom of one of the BF4− anions is disordered over two sites in a 0.825 (2):0.175 (2) ratio. In the crystal, C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds help to establish the packing.
Analysis of ventricular function by CT

The assessment of ventricular function, cardiac chamber dimensions, and ventricular mass is fundamental for clinical diagnosis, risk assessment, therapeutic decisions, and prognosis in patients with cardiac disease. Although cardiac CT is a noninvasive imaging technique often used for the assessment of coronary artery disease, it can also be used to obtain important data about left and right ventricular function and morphology. In this review, we will discuss the clinical indications for the use of cardiac CT for ventricular analysis, review the evidence on the assessment of ventricular function compared with existing imaging modalities such cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography, provide a typical cardiac CT protocol for image acquisition and postprocessing for ventricular analysis, and provide step-by-step instructions to acquire multiplanar cardiac views for ventricular assessment from the standard axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Furthermore, both qualitative and quantitative assessments of ventricular function as well as sample reporting are detailed.
SA-4-1BBL and monophosphoryl lipid A constitute an efficacious combination adjuvant for cancer vaccines.

Vaccines based on tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have limited therapeutic efficacy due to their weak immunogenic nature and the various immune evasion mechanisms active in advanced tumors. In an effort to overcome these limitations, we evaluated a combination of the T-cell costimulatory molecule SA-4-1BBL with the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) as a novel vaccine adjuvant system. In the TC-1 mouse allograft model of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cancer, a single administration of this combination adjuvant with HPV E7 protein caused tumor rejection in all tumor-bearing mice. On its own, SA-4-1BBL outperformed MPL in this setting. Against established tumors, two vaccinations were sufficient to elicit rejection in the majority of mice. In the metastatic model of Lewis lung carcinoma, vaccination of the TAA survivin with SA-4-1BBL/MPL yielded superior efficacy against pulmonary metastases. Therapeutic efficacy of SA-4-1BBL/MPL was achieved in the absence of detectable toxicity, correlating with enhanced dendritic cell activation, CD8 + T-cell function, and an increased intratumoral ratio of CD8 + T effector cells to CD4 + FoxP3 + T regulatory cells. Unexpectedly, use of MPL on its own was associated with unfavorable intratumoral ratios of these T-cell populations, resulting in suboptimal efficacy. The efficacy of MPL monotherapy was restored by depletion of T regulatory cells, whereas eliminating CD8 + T cells abolished the efficacy of its combination with SA-4-1BBL. Mechanistic investigations showed that IFNγ played a critical role in supporting the therapeutic effect of SA-4-1BBL/MPL. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for the use of a powerful new adjuvant system for TAA-based cancer vaccines. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6441–51. ©2014 AACR .
The yin and yang of volatile anesthetic action on cardiac potassium channels

Abstract Volatile anesthetics have been in use for over a century but their mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels is yet to be elucidated. These agents have multiple targets that include ion channel proteins. Though the mechanism of volatile anesthetic action on the neuronal ligand-gated channels has been described, its action on voltage-gated channels is less well understood. Volatile anesthetics have profound effects on heart function, and have been demonstrated to impart cardioprotection against ischemia. Yet, the mechanism of volatile anesthetic action on the cardiac ion channels is limited. These agents have differential effects on the cardiac Na, Ca, and K channels. Several types of K channels contribute to cardiac excitability and repolarization of the action potential. They are also targets of cardiac and non-cardiac therapeutic agents. Defects in K channels have been linked to fatal arrhythmias and sudden death. Recently, K channels have been shown to underlie the cardioprotection by volatile anesthetics. This review will focus on some of the latest development regarding anesthetic effects on the cardiac K channels.
Semi-analytical model to determine perforation interval for secure CO2 storage in saline aquifers

Abstract Due to density difference between injected CO 2 and in-situ brine, the pressure difference between wellbore and formation varies with depth in a CO 2 injection well. Consequently the flux distribution along a vertical well is not uniform during the early stages of injection. For injection rates below a certain threshold, this can lead to only a fraction of the perforations contributing to injection. Generally this reduces the efficiency of CO 2 immobilization by dissolution in brine and by residual trapping because less volume of rock and brine comes in contact with injected CO 2 . Thus for injection rates below the threshold, optimization of the length of the perforated interval is required to maximize trapping. We describe a semi-analytical algorithm that finds the optimum interval of injection for a given flow rate so that all the perforations contribute throughout the injection period. Although bottomhole pressure rises while injecting in smaller perforation interval, the greater mobility of the CO 2 phase upstream of the drying front reduces this increase and enables the use of smaller interval. In the case of a horizontal well, the length of well plays an important role in determining the CO 2 trapping. The two competing effects, trapping along the well length and along lateral direction, determine the optimum well length required. Greater well length increases the trapping in direction of well path but reduces in lateral direction because of the ratio of gravity forces to viscous forces becomes larger. Thus dominance of either of these competing effects and cost of drilling determine optimal well length. This study illustrates the effect of different injection strategies on multiple objectives of CO 2 sequestration including maximizing trapping and minimizing leakage potential. We find that the benefits of a strategy to maximize injectivity may be offset by less CO 2 entering secure modes of storage.
Low-complexity and distributed energy minimization in multihop wireless networks

In this work, we study the problem of minimizing the total power consumption in a multihop wireless network subject to a given offered load. It is well-known that the total power consumption of multihop wireless networks can be substantially reduced by jointly optimizing power control, link scheduling, and routing. However, the known optimal cross-layer solution to this problem is centralized and with high computational complexity. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity and distributed algorithm that is provably power-efficient. In particular, under the node-exclusive interference model and with suitable assumptions on the power-rate function, we can show that the total power consumption of our algorithm is at most (2+?) times as large as the power consumption of the optimal (but centralized and complex) algorithm, where ? is an arbitrarily small positive constant. Our algorithm is not only the first such distributed solution with provable performance bound, but its power-efficiency ratio is also tighter than that of another suboptimal centralized algorithm in the literature.
Writing as Thinking

: In this article I try to sketch preliminary answers to several questions. (1) What is the role of writing in science? (2) How can rhetorical analysis illuminate the nature of scientific writing? (3) What is the role of models and metaphors in scientific thinking and writing? Since this is a preliminary inquiry, my remarks are brief and suggestive, but I think they point to some profitable directions for further study.
Fluticasone propionate aerosol is more effective for prevention than treatment of recurrent airway obstruction.

Background: Efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) for management of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) has only been evaluated after several weeks' treatment. Objectives: To compare efficacy of (1) 3-day treatments with FP to dexamethasone (DEX) for management of RAO; and (2) FP and DEX to no treatment in prevention of acute RAO exacerbations. Animals: Nine RAO affected horses. Methods: Crossover studies in RAO-affected horses compared (a) 3-day treatment of RAO exacerbation with FP (3 and 6 mg q12h) and DEX (0.1 mg/kg q24h) and (b) FP (6 mg q12h) and DEX (0.1 mg/kg q24h) to no treatment for prevention of acute exacerbations of RAO. Treatment efficacy and unwanted effects were judged from maximal change in pleural pressure (ΔPplmax), serum cortisol (COR), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, and subjective scores for respiratory distress and lameness. Results: In treatment trial, DEX and FP (6 mg) significantly decreased ΔPplmax by 48 and 72 hours, respectively; FP (3 mg) had no significant effect. DEX decreased COR more than did FP. In prevention trial, both DEX and FP (6 mg) prevented the increase in ΔPplmax that occurred in untreated horses. Both treatments decreased COR to the same degree. FP and DEX had no effects on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology and there was no evidence of laminitis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: FP (6 mg q12h) is as effective as DEX for prevention of acute exacerbations of RAO and lower doses should be evaluated. High-dose FP is not as effective as DEX for treatment of RAO exacerbations.
Iridium carbonyl clusters VII. The crystal structure of (η5-C5H5)2W2Ir2(CO)7(CHCO2Et)2, a tetrahedral cluster with a simple bridging and a triply-bridging alkylidene-ester ligand

Abstract The reaction of (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 W 2 Ir 2 (CO) 10 with N 2 CHCO 2 Et produces the bis(alkylidene) species (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 W 2 Ir 2 (CO) 7 (CHCO 2 Et) 2 which has been subjected to an X-ray structural analysis. The complex (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 W 2 Ir 2 (CO) 7 (CHCO 2 Et) 2 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C 2/ c (No. 15) with a 34.097(5), b 8.7057(12), c 19.811(3) A, β 111.053(12)°, V 5488 A 3 and Z = 8. Diffraction data were collected with a Syntex P2 1 automated diffractometer (Mo- K α radiation, 2θ 4.5–45.0°) and the structure was solved and refined to R 4.7% for all 3621 independent data ( R 3.9% for those 3216 data with ¦ F o ¦ > 3σ(¦ F o ¦). (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 W 2 Ir 2 (CO) 7 (CHCO 2 Et) 2 contains a tetrahedral cluster of metal atoms. Ir(1) and Ir(2) are each associated with two terminal carbonyl ligands and are bridged by a ligand. Each tungsten atom is linked to an η 5 -C 5 H 5 ligand; W(1) is associated with only one carbonyl ligand, whereas W(2) is associated with two (one of which is involved in a “semi-bridging” interaction with Ir(2)). The structure is completed by a second CHCO 2 Et ligand; the alkylidene carbon atom bridges Ir(1) and W(2) while the ketonic oxygen forms a donor bond to W(1).
Evolution for exogenous octanoic acid tolerance improves carboxylic acid production and membrane integrity

Carboxylic acids are an attractive biorenewable chemical, but as with many biorenewables, their toxicity to microbial biocatalysts limits their fermentative production. While it is generally accepted that membrane damage is the main mechanism of fatty acid toxicity, previous metabolic engineering efforts that increased membrane integrity did not enable increased carboxylic acid production. Here we used an evolutionary approach to improve tolerance to exogenous octanoic acid, with the goal of learning design strategies from this evolved strain. This evolution of an Escherichia coli MG1655 derivative at neutral pH in minimal media produced a strain with increased tolerance not only to octanoic acid, but also to hexanoic acid, decanoic acid, n-butanol and isobutanol. This evolved strain also produced carboxylic acids at a 5-fold higher titer than its parent strain when expressing the Anaerococcus tetradius thioesterase. While it has been previously suggested that intracellular acidification may contribute to carboxylic acid toxicity, we saw no evidence that the evolved strain has increased resistance to this acidification. Characterization of the evolved strain membrane showed that it had significantly altered membrane polarization (fluidity), integrity (leakage) and composition relative to its parent. The changes in membrane composition included a significant increase in average lipid length in a variety of growth conditions, including 30°C, 42°C, carboxylic acid challenge and ethanol challenge. The evolved strain has a more dynamic membrane composition, showing both a larger number of significant changes and larger fold changes in the relative abundance of membrane lipids. These results highlight the importance of the cell membrane in increasing microbial tolerance and production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals.
RADIOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

The radiological examination of the gastrointestinal tract permits visualization of some structures by virtue of their normal densities. Other structures have to be visualized by virtue of including contrast medium within the lumen of the digestive tract. In addition to demonstrating the hollow portion of the organ in question, contrast medium can be used to demonstrate: (a) position of the structure, (b) the size of the lumen, (c) the function of such structures, and (d) the relative shape of adjacent structures.
High school programming competition

The CASCON High School Programming Competition was a Java-based challenge that encouraged high school students to discover the fun in computer science and information technology. In its sixth year, the CASCON High School Programming Competition, CodeSpy, attracted many schools from across the Greater Toronto region. In addition to the competition, two hands-on workshops were held concurrently for high school computer science educators by Troy Vasiga, of the University of Waterloo and Steve Engels, of the University of Toronto. Attendees developed and implemented interesting exercises to take with them back to the classroom.
Photon statistics of a dye laser

The fluctuation properties of a cw dye laser, pumped by an argon-ion laser, have been investigated by photon-counting and two-time correlation measurements. The results show significant departures from the usual single-mode laser theory in the region of threshold and below. However, there are indications that the departures may be due to extraneous rather than intrinsic effects, and when these effects are subtracted out, the results are in substantial agreement with the predictions of the usual theory.
The Problem of Selectivity in Memory Research: A Response to Zeba Crook

Zeba Crook argues that there is an emerging consensus that the Gospels are reliable historical narratives by those to have applied ‘memory’ theories to historical Jesus research. Crook argues that this emerging consensus betrays a selective reading of research done on ‘memory distortion’ in interdisciplinary study. This essay demonstrates that Crook misunderstands and misrepresents social memory theory both in and outside Jesus studies. A better understanding would have properly represented the spectrum from theoretical ‘presentism’ to ‘continuitism’ in memory applications/adaptations.
Nitric oxide-induced oxidant stress in endothelial cells: amelioration by ascorbic acid

Nitric oxide has multiple beneficial effects in the blood vessel wall. However, high concentrations of nitric oxide in the presence of hydroperoxides have been shown to damage cultured cells. In this work, the effect of relatively high concentrations of nitric oxide alone on the function and antioxidant status of a human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) was tested. Nitric oxide generated from 0.1 to 0.5 mM spermine NONOate generated reactive species in the cells detected by triazole formation from diaminofluorescein and by oxidation of dihydrofluorescein. Intracellular ascorbic acid decreased this oxidant stress. Spermine NONOate also decreased intracellular ascorbate concentrations, although reduced glutathione was not affected unless cells had also been caused to reduce dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbate. Nitric oxide predictably inhibited both endothelial nitric oxide synthase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ascorbate partially prevented inhibition of the latter enzyme. These results suggest that relatively high concentrations of nitric oxide can cause oxidant stress in endothelial cells that is ameliorated by ascorbic acid.
Monolithic Thin-Film Piezoelectric-on-Substrate Filters

This paper presents monolithic piezoelectric-on-substrate acoustic filters operating in a wide frequency range. Second order narrowband filters are realized by utilizing coupled resonance modes of a single microstructure. The substrate is selected from materials with high acoustic velocity and low acoustic loss (e.g. silicon) resulting in high Q resonant structures. The unique mechanical coupling technique employed in this work enables fabrication of narrow-band filters with a high out-of-band rejection in a small footprint. We demonstrate narrow-band filters suitable for channel-select applications in IF and RF bands. Filter Q values of 800 at 250 MHz, 470 at 360 MHz, and 400 at 3.5 GHz for small footprint second-order filters are reported. The measured power handling of these devices is high due to the use of high energy density structural material, showing a 0.2 dB compression point of >15 dBm at 360 MHz (limited by the measurement equipment).
Poincaré invariant exchange model of pion-nucleon scattering

Pion-nucleon scattering up to a pion laboratory kinetic energy of 700 MeV is described by a Poincare ´ invariant, instant form model. The model is constructed in a space spanned by single-baryon states uB&, where B is the nucleon, or any resonance that contributes in the energy range considered; and by meson-baryon states umB&, where umB&5upN&, upD& ,o ruhN&. The model specifies a mass operator in the form M5M 01U, where M0 is a noninteracting mass operator and U contains the interactions. The ^pNuUupN& potentials are derived from N, D, s, and r exchange processes. The vertex interactions ^mBuUuB8& are derived from field theory interaction Hamiltonians. Coupling to the inelastic channels, upD& and uhN&, is provided by a ^pNuUupD& transition potential due to nucleon exchange; and by interactions of the form mB,B9,m8B8.
Orthogonality from disjoint support in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

We investigate reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) where two functions are orthogonal whenever they have disjoint support. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of feature maps for the reproducing kernel are established. We also present concrete examples of finite dimensional RKHS and RKHS with a translation invariant reproducing kernel. In particular, it is shown that a Sobolev space has the orthogonality from disjoint support property if and only if it is of integer index.
Turbulence statistics in compound channels with deep and shallow overbank flows

The results of large eddy simulations (LESs) of turbulent flow in a compound open channel with deep and shallow flood plain depths are presented. These LESs are validated with experimental data, resulting in a good agreement between measured and calculated data. The floodplain-depth-to-main-channel-depth ratio is an important parameter affecting first- and second-order turbulence statistics. The streamwise momentum balance is analysed with respect to the momentum transfer at the interface between the main channel and the floodplain. Depth-averaging of the streamwise momentum equation reveals the dominance of turbulent shear stress terms in the main channel and of secondary currents in the floodplain. Comparisons of the LES results with an analytical solution of the depth-averaged streamwise momentum equation that demonstrate the importance of case-specific calibration of the parameters of the analytical solution. The turbulence anisotropy is quantified and its role in generating secondary currents is illu...
Rapid changes in gene expression after in vivo growth hormone treatment.

GH exerts long-lasting effects on somatic growth via changes in gene expression and protein biosynthesis that represent the culmination of signal transduction pathways initiated at the cell surface. Recent studies have demonstrated that ligand-induced activation of the GH receptor leads to the phosphorylation of multiple intracellular proteins, including latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, Stats 1 and 3. GH treatment also has been found to induce the expression of several genes in both in vitro and in vivo systems, and we have shown that GH rapidly activates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene transcription in hypophysectomized rats. In this study, using the GH-deficient, hypophysectomized rat as a model, we have examined the earliest changes in gene expression that follow a single systemic injection of GH. We find that GH induces nascent nuclear IGF-I transcripts within 15 min of hormone treatment, a time course that parallels the GH-regulated appearance of nuclear c-fos messenger RNA (mRNA)....
A ring-opening mechanism for DNA binding in the central channel of the T7 helicase-primase protein.

We have investigated the mechanism of binding single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) into the central channel of the ring-shaped T7 gp4A′ helicase–primase hexamer. Presteady-state kinetic studies show a facilitated five-step mechanism and provide understanding of how a ring-shaped helicase can be loaded on the DNA during the initiation of replication. The effect of a primase recognition sequence on the observed kinetics suggests that binding to the helicase DNA-binding site is facilitated by transient binding to the primase DNA-binding site, which is proposed to be a loading site. The proposed model involves the fast initial binding of the DNA to the primase site on the outside of the helicase ring, a fast conformational change, a ring-opening step, migration of the DNA into the central channel of the helicase ring, and ring closure. Although an intermediate protein–DNA complex is kinetically stable, only the last species in the five-step mechanism is poised to function as a helicase at the unwinding junction.
Egg Yolk and Bacteria Growth Medium for Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Six preparations of egg yolk media inoculated with Escherichia coli (Migula) were evaluated as an in vitro growth system for immature house flies, Musca domestica L. Larval development, based on pupation and eclosion success, was normal on all media supplemented with E. coli, but few larvae survived without bacteria (4%). Pupation (72%) and eclosion (63%) were significantly higher on egg yolk media without mannitol than on media with mannitol or on blood agar controls.
Scientific background on the risk engendered by reducing the lifetime blood donation deferral period for men who have sex with men.

The lifetime deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) has not been harmonized with the 12-month deferral for similar-risk activities through heterosexual contacts. This occurs primarily because of fears of increased transfusion transmission of known sexually and transfusion-transmitted viruses for which donor blood is (eg, HIV) or is not (eg, human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) tested and also of fears of novel agents that may share the epidemiology and long asymptomatic phase of HIV. A 12-month MSM deferral could result in release of 1 HIV-infectious donation every 11 years in the United States. This risk is smaller than the risk from allowing the continued use of pooled whole blood–derived platelets (release of 1 infectious platelet dose every 1.67 years), a risk that is considered "tolerable." Provided that measures to reduce the number of allogeneic-donor exposures to novel pathogens (which may be vector- or food-borne rather than sexually transmitted) are implemented, and the deferral for similar-risk activities through heterosexual contacts is extended to 5 years, a 5-year MSM deferral could be justified because of the interval between emergence of a novel pathogen and introduction of measures to protect the blood supply. Also, provided that measures to protect the blood supply from HHV-8 are implemented, a lifetime MSM deferral could be justified because of the uncertainty about the clinical consequences of transfusion transmission of HHV-8. Because such alternate measures, which would have had a greater impact on safety than the MSM deferral, have not been implemented to demonstrate a consistent approach to safety, maintenance of the current MSM deferral appears to be selectively precautionary and cannot be justified.
A new genus and species of aleocharine rove beetle (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Hoplandriini) from the New World

Based on external structural features and those of the male and female genitalia, the aleocharine staphylinid genus Ligulata, new genus, is proposed and diagnosed, along with L. hansoni, new species (type locality: Costa Rica: San Jose, Zurqui de Moravia). Specimens of L. hansoni were collected using Malaise traps placed within a montane tropical evergreen forest. Among members of the Hoplandriini, Ligulata is most similar to the genus Bessoglossa Pace 1986 and share the following possible synapomorphies: ligula long with numerous setae at apex; and hypoglossal lobes long, comb-like with long, internally curved setae.
The Occurrence of PVYO, PVYN, and PVYN:O Strains of Potato virus Y in Certified Potato Seed Lot Trials in Washington and Oregon.

ABSTRACT Totals of 960 and 286 certified potato seed lots from locations across North America were planted in trials in Washington and Oregon, respectively, in 2001 to 2003 and tested for strains of Potato virus Y (PVY). The incidence of PVYO-infected lots averaged 16.4 and 25.9% in the Washington and Oregon trials, respectively. There was a general trend of increasing incidence of the PVYO, PVYN:O, and PVYN strains during this period, as evidenced by more infected cultivars, sites of seed origin, and number of seed growers providing infected seed lots. In particular, there was a dramatic increase in seed lots with the PVYN:O strain from 2002 to 2003. PVYN:O, in contrast to PVYO, which only causes yield reduction, also causes internal and external damage to tubers, making them unmarketable. In 2003, PVYN:O occurred in seed lots originating in eight states and three Canadian provinces. The increased incidence of PVYN:O was likely due to the difficulty in differentiating this strain from PVYO. The prevalenc...
Structural constraints imposed by a non-native disulfide cause reversible changes in rhodopsin photointermediate kinetics.

Suspensions of bovine rhodopsin in 2% lauryl maltoside detergent were treated with Cu(phen)32+ to form a disulfide bridge between cysteines 140 and 222 which occur naturally in the bovine rhodopsin...
Perspective on the Synthesis of Unit Operations and Process (UOP) Concepts with Hydrologic Controls for Rainfall-Runoff

Experience over the last decade has demonstrated that there is a significant gap in knowledge between best management practice design/analysis/monitoring and the fundamental unit operations and processes (UOP) that can demonstrate water treatment viability as a function of the hydrologic, physical and chemical characteristics of rainfall-runoff loadings. Such knowledge is critical to the success of a new generation of control strategies, sustainable urban development and low impact development concepts that will develop in response to enological, environmental and regulatory conditions. This editorial discusses the unique nature of rainfall-runoff loadings, differences between rainfall-runoff and wastewater, monitoring and verification of rainfall-runoff UOPs, and the need for UOP concepts and principles. Since structural UOPs alone are not economically sustainable, source control must be an integral part of rainfall-runoff treatment, control and reuse. It is recommended that a synthesis be developed between UOP principles and hydrologic controls while recognizing the uniqueness of rainfall-runoff control, treatment and reuse.
Origin and development of the university

(1962). Origin and development of the university. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 322-333.
Unified Theory of Coherence and Polarization and Some of Its Applications

An account will be given of the unified theory of coherence and polarization formulated not long ago. It will be illustrated by examples which reveal the close relationship between the two phenomena.
Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral social skills training for older people with schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up.

OBJECTIVE There is an increasing need for empirically validated psychotherapy interventions that improve functioning in older people with schizophrenia. We developed a 24-session weekly group therapy intervention labeled Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST), which combined cognitive-behavioral therapy with social skills and problem-solving training to improve functioning. METHOD We previously reported end-of-treatment findings from a randomized controlled trial that compared treatment as usual (TAU) with TAU plus group CBSST in 76 outpatients, 42 to 74 years of age, with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV criteria). Twelve-month follow-up results of that trial (conducted from October 1999 to September 2004) are reported here. Blind raters obtained assessments of CBSST skill mastery, functioning, psychotic and depressive symptoms, and cognitive insight (belief flexibility). RESULTS The significantly greater skill acquisition and self-reported performance of living skills in the community seen in CBSST versus TAU patients at the end of treatment were maintained at 12-month follow-up (p < or = .05). Participants in CBSST also showed significantly greater cognitive insight at the end of treatment relative to TAU, but this improvement was not maintained at follow-up. The treatment-group effect was not significant for symptoms at any assessment point; however, symptoms were not the primary treatment target in this stable outpatient sample. CONCLUSION Older people with very chronic schizophrenia were able to learn and maintain new skills with CBSST and showed improved self-reported functioning 1 year after the treatment ended. Longer treatment and/or booster sessions may be required to maintain gains in cognitive insight.
Survival of pre-viable preterm infants in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The objective of this paper is to review observational studies that addressed the survival of pre-viable gestations in the United States. We searched PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, and Web of Knowledge for studies reporting survival of infants born at <24 gestational weeks and/or <500g in the United States and published between January 2003 and January 2013. The full texts of 70 articles were examined and a total of 15 studies qualified and were selected. We analyzed fixed-effect and random-effects models for eight studies on survival to discharge. Pooled survival to discharge in the random-effects model was 45.9% (95% CI: 41.1-51.7) and 39.7% in the fixed-effect model (95% CI: 38.8-40.7). Studies differed by pre-viable survival measures and epochs (1985-2009). Protective factors included antenatal corticosteroids, neonatal resuscitation, and intensive care. The current survival threshold for pre-viable infants warrants reconsideration of the limits of viability. Protective factors that enhance survival should be considered in the management of these infants.
Planetary science: the ferryman casts his shadow.

The most accurate way of determining the size of some bodies in the Solar System is to observe them as they pass across the face of a star. In the case of Charon, Pluto's largest satellite, it's been a long wait.
AN INTERPRETATION OF THE ABELIAN CHERN-SIMONS VACUUM HOLONOMY

It is shown that the recently discovered vacuum holonomy in the pure Abelian Chern-Simons theory in 2+1 dimensions can be interpreted as the expectation value of the holonomy operator of Wilson loops once the theory is defined on a constant time plane. This may be accomplished by a prescription that connects the two- and three-dimensional points of view. The projected holonomy is framing-dependent and coincides with the previous result if a canonical framing is used. A physical model is considered to discuss its physical significance.
Supporting positive sibling relationships during childhood

This paper reviews the research literature focusing on the interpersonal relationships between siblings when one child has a disability. Descriptive findings are presented that compare and contrast sibling warmth and positivity, engagement, and conflict in sibling pairs with and without a child with a disability. The social roles assumed by siblings are examined, as are developmental changes in role relationships. Research on the development of the sibling relationship in the family context is reviewed, as are findings concerning the effects of parent differential attention on the quality of the sibling relationship. MRDD Research Reviews 7:134-142, 2001.