cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing Measures and Variables in Multimodal Street Performance Calculations: What’s a Passing Grade?

Scholars, municipalities, and federal agencies have proposed new measures for evaluating street performance for nonautomobile modes, including transit service, bicycles, and walking. These changes are in response to the critique that the current street performance measure, traditional level of service (LOS), overemphasizes the free flow of automobile traffic and neglects other users of the transportation system. Although the promise of new metrics has attracted a lot of attention, there is little documented knowledge of how these measures compare with each other. This paper reports the results of an analysis of three new tools: the LOS protocol developed by the City of Charlotte, North Carolina; the Bicycle Environmental Quality and Pedestrian Environmental Quality Indexes (considered as one tool for the purposes of this study) developed by the Department of Public Health of San Francisco, California; and the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 multimodal LOS. Analysis of the scores produced by these tools enabl...
DSP: a protein shape string and its profile prediction server

Many studies have demonstrated that shape string is an extremely important structure representation, since it is more complete than the classical secondary structure. The shape string provides detailed information also in the regions denoted random coil. But few services are provided for systematic analysis of protein shape string. To fill this gap, we have developed an accurate shape string predictor based on two innovative technologies: a knowledge-driven sequence alignment and a sequence shape string profile method. The performance on blind test data demonstrates that the proposed method can be used for accurate prediction of protein shape string. The DSP server provides both predicted shape string and sequence shape string profile for each query sequence. Using this information, the users can compare protein structure or display protein evolution in shape string space. The DSP server is available at both http://cheminfo.tongji.edu.cn/dsp/ and its main mirror http://chemcenter.tongji.edu.cn/dsp/.
TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF GLOBAL OPTIMUM HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS: THE UNPINCHED CASE

Abstract An algorithmic-evolutionary procedure is studied for developing improved maximum energy recovery (MER) and minimum number of units (MNU) networks with the goal of achieving the global optimum network. The procedure is initiated with a starting MER/MNU network and uses path tracing/list processing constructions that allow development of successive MER/MNU networks which are in some sense adjacent to the initial network. Heuristic rules are used to generate choices which lead to an improving sequence of network cost function values. The properties and limitations of the constructions and procedures are established and the effectiveness of the composite algorithm is demonstrated via literature test problems. Attention is restricted to unpinched problems: extensions to the pinched case are given in a companion paper.
Impacts of Children’s Delinquency on Maternal Distress Among Low-Income Families: Postmodern Theoretical Perspective

This study investigates the influence of children’s delinquency on maternal distress among low-income families using a postmodern theoretical perspective. The data used in this study came from the third wave of the Welfare, Children, and Families project, which is a longitudinal study conducted in three U.S. cities, namely Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, with N = 1835. The ages of the children range from 5 to 18 years old. The analysis of the data using regression suggests children’s delinquency significantly affects maternal distress. The study indicates that employment and religion have positive influences on maternal distress. This study underlines the importance of a postmodern theoretical perspective in the assessment and treatment phases of distress problems among mothers with low-income and leads to practical implications.
Biomedical CBIR using “bag of keypoints” in a modified inverted index

This paper presents a “bag of keypoints” based medical image retrieval approach to cope with a large variety of visually different instances under the same category or modality. Keypoint similarities in the codebook are computed using a quadratic similarity measure. The codebook is implemented using a topology preserving Self Organizing Map (SOM) which represents images as sparse feature vectors and an inverted index is created on top of this to facilitate efficient retrieval. In addition, to increase the retrieval effectiveness, query expansion is performed by exploiting the similarities between the keypoints based on analyzing the local neighborhood structure of the SOM generated codebook. The search is thus query-specific and restricted to a sub-space spanned only by the original and expanded keypoints of the query images. A systematic evaluation of retrieval results on a biomedical image collection of 5000 biomedical images of different modalities, body parts, and orientations shows a halving in computation time (efficiency) and 10% to 15% improvement in precision at each recall level (effectiveness) when compared to individual color, texture, edge-related features.
Comparative in vitro diffusion studies for atenolol transdermal delivery system

Abstract The purpose of this study was to screen atenolol as a candidate for transdermal drug delivery, and to study the release of atenolol from various gels. The percent atenolol release over time profiles indicates that for all the gelling agents used the amount of atenolol released is decreased by increasing the polymer concentration in the gel. The amount of atenolol released was found to be higher from Klucel® gels, compared to Methocel® and Carbopol® gels, with Carbopol® gels giving the least release. In studying the effect of atenolol concentration in the gel, it was observed that the amount of atenolol released was increased by increasing the drug concentration in the donor up to a limit corresponding to an atenolol concentration of approximately 2%. This seems to resemble the saturation solubility of atenolol into the gels. Hairless mouse skin and TESTSKIN® LSE were used as in vitro skin models.
Benign spindle cell breast tumor

A distinctive, benign, spindle cell tumor of the breast is described. Three patients were men, the fourth a woman. Histologically, each tumor displayed islands of spindle or stellate cells embedded in a collagenous matrix. Within the female breast, the lesion was within the stroma, displacing but not including the epithelial elements. Ultrastructural study of two tumors revealed diverse populations composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The relationship of these tumors to spindle cell lipomas is discussed. The lesions have all been clinically benign, and their recognition as such is important.
Predicting Primary Gaze Behavior Using Social Saliency Fields

We present a method to predict primary gaze behavior in a social scene. Inspired by the study of electric fields, we posit "social charges"-latent quantities that drive the primary gaze behavior of members of a social group. These charges induce a gradient field that defines the relationship between the social charges and the primary gaze direction of members in the scene. This field model is used to predict primary gaze behavior at any location or time in the scene. We present an algorithm to estimate the time-varying behavior of these charges from the primary gaze behavior of measured observers in the scene. We validate the model by evaluating its predictive precision via cross-validation in a variety of social scenes.
Chemical additives for calcium sulfate scale control

Abstract The morphology of calcium sulfate phases precipitated from sea water over the temperature range 125–150°C has been investigated and the effect of chemical additives on morphology is discussed. Effective additives appear to adsorb on nuclei in the liquid to slow crystal growth by displacing SO = 4 and attaching to Ca ++ . The effectiveness of PO 3 H - and CO 2 H suggests that adsorption may involve OH - bonding to calcium ions on the growth face.
High density lipoprotein utilization by dispersed rat luteal cells.

Abstract Utilization of lipoproteins by cells prepared by collagenase dispersion of ovaries of immature gonadotropin-primed rats was studied. Human and rat HDL increased basal progestin secretion and incorporation of [ 14 C]oleate into cellular sterol esters 2-fold during a 2 h incubation, with maximal stimulation occurring at a lipoprotein sterol concentration of 125 μg/ml. This concentration of HDL cholesterol also increased progestin production by cells stimulated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Human LDL or cholesterol-rich lipid dispersions had little effect upon either progestin secretion or sterol esterification at similar sterol concentrations. However, addition of delipidated human HDL apolipoproteins to the cholesterol-rich lipid dispersions markedly enhanced progestin production. Incubation of the dispersed cells in the presence of 25 μM ML236B, which blocked cellular de novo sterol synthesis by over 90%, had no effect upon progestin secretion. Specific uptake of human 125 I-labeled HDL by the dispersed cells was observed. Analysis of 125 I-labeled HDL uptake as a function of lipoprotein concentration indicated that the uptake process was saturated at HDL levels of 200–400 μg protein/ml. The amount of HDL specifically associated with the cells at saturating levels after l h of incubation was sufficient to account for the increased progestin synthesis and sterol ester storage observed during this time. During the incubations cell-specific degradation of the 125 I-labeled HDL apolipoprotein appeared to be minimal. We conclude that lipoprotein-carried cholesterol is an important substrate for rat luteal cells and that these cells possess a specific mechanism for the uptake of HDL.
The use of VA Disability Compensation and Social Security Disability Insurance among working-aged veterans.

Abstract Background Although there is substantial disability among veterans, relatively little is known about working-aged veterans' uptake of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Disability Compensation and Social Security Disability Insurance (DI). Objectives This study identifies levels of veteran participation in VA disability and/or DI benefit programs, examines transitions into and out of VA and DI programs among veterans, and estimates the size and composition of the veteran population receiving VA and/or DI benefits over time. Methods Data from the 1992, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2004, and 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) are used to describe VA and DI program participation among veterans under the age of 65. Results The majority of working-aged veterans do not receive VA or DI benefits and joint participation is low, but use of these programs has increased over time. A higher percentage of veterans receive VA compensation, which ranges from 4.9% in 1992 to 13.2% in 2008, than DI compensation, which ranges from 2.9% in 1992 to 6.7% in 2008. The rate of joint participation ranges from less than 1% in 1992 to 3.6% in 2008. Veterans experience few transitions between VA and DI programs during the 36–48 months they are observed. The number of veterans receiving benefits from VA and/or DI nearly doubled between 1992 and 2008. There have been substantial shifts in the composition of veterans using these programs, as cohorts who served prior to 1964 are replaced by those who served after 1964. Conclusions The findings suggest potential gaps in veterans' access to disability programs that might be addressed through improved coordination of VA and DI benefits.
Immune responses induced by administration of encapsidated poliovirus replicons which express HIV-1 gag and envelope proteins.

Several viruses have been exploited for the development of recombinant vaccine vectors in which to express foreign proteins. Recently, we have described a system utilizing the RNA virus, poliovirus. We have constructed poliovirus genomes in which regions of the capsid have been substituted with gene fragments of the HIV gag and env genes. A complementation system has been designed to encapsidate defective genomes by providing the capsid protein in trans from a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV-P1) (Porter, Ansardi, Choi and Morrow, Virology 1993, 67, 3712–3719). Serial passage in the presence of VV-P1 resulted in the generation of stocks of these encapsidated replicons. Infection of cells with these encapsidated replicons resulted in the expression of the recombinant protein as a fusion protein with the poliovirus capsid proteins VP4 and VP1. In this study, we have utilized encapsidated replicons which express the HIV-1-gag capsid protein (p24) as well as 1.5 kb of the HIV-1 env gene. Stocks of these encapsidated replicons were obtained by 20 serial passages in the presence of VV-P1. In addition, passage of the encapsidated replicons in the presence of poliovirus type 2 Lansing resulted in the encapsidation of the replicons by the capsid proteins provided by poliovirus. The administration of the type 2 Lansing/encapsidated replicons expressing HIV-1 gag into BALB/c mice by intramuscular, intrarectal, or intragastric routes resulted in the generation of antibodies in the serum and secretions against both poliovirus and HIV-1 gag. To prove that the replicons alone are immunogenic, we administered replicons expressing either HIV-1 gag or env to transgenic mice which expressed the receptor for poliovirus type 1. Immunization of these mice by the intramuscular route resulted in the generation of serum antibodies specific for poliovirus as well as for HIV-1 antigens. The results obtained led us to the conclusion that the replicons are immunogenic when given alone or in the presence of poliovirus. These results are important for the use of the poliovirus replicons as a recombinant vaccine vector.
American Society of Transplantation Executive Summary on Pediatric Lung Transplantation

Lung transplantation in children poses distinctly different challenges from those seen in the adult population. This consensus statement reviews the experience in the field of pediatric lung transplantation and highlights areas that deserve further investigation.
International Institutions and Educational Policy: A Review of Education-Sector Policy.

In 1974, the World Bank published a study entitledEducation Sector Working Paper which set forth its policy in the field of education. This study, the second the Bank had published, was widely read, analysed and discussed for some time after its publication and had a considerable influence on thinking in education and development at the international level.
Patch clamped single pancreatic zymogen granules: direct measurements of ion channel activities at the granule membrane.

Background/Aim: Pancreatic acinar cells are involved in the secretion of digestive enzymes. Digestive enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells are stored in membrane-bound secretory vesic
Quality of Attachment to Companion Animals among U.S. Adults 21 to 64 Years of Age

AbstractPrevious reports of scales and indices used in studying attachment to companion animals have not included representative samples of the United States population or have failed to show good psychometric properties. This report includes psychometric analyses of a companionanimal attachment scale used among a national probability sample of United States adults aged 21 to 64 years. Internal structures of the scale were shown to be good with all eight items loading strongly on one factor. Cronbach's alpha was 0.75 with all eight items included. As expected, those individuals who had sole responsibility for the care of the companion animal had stronger attachment scores, as did individuals who had never been married. Type of pet was not significantly associated with attachment scores, which indicates that this scale may be useful for all companion animals, not solely for dogs and cats. However, further work including a larger sample of bird and fish owners needs to be done before the value of this attac...
Setpoints for Potato Irrigation in Sandy Soils Using Real-Time, Continuous Monitoring of Soil-Water Content in Soil Profile

ABSTRACT Adequate availability of water during the potato-growing season is critical for production of high yields of premium processing quality tubers. Real-time, continuous monitoring of soil water content in the soil profile can be used to optimize irrigation. In this study, capacitance probes were used for automated measurement of soil water content at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 cm depth in a Center Pivot irrigated potato (cv. Ranger Russet) field in a Quincy fine sand (mixed, mesic, Xeric Torripsamments). Depth integrated soil water content was calculated within the rooting depth (0–60 cm) and below the rooting depth (60–120 cm). Irrigation was scheduled to replenish either full evapotranspiration (ET), or 70% of ET (deficit irrigation). The soil water content at the 10 and 30 cm depth, as well as depth integrated soil water content in the 0–60 cm depth soil responded to each irrigation event. The “Full Point” and “Refill Point” for the soil within potato root zone (0–60 cm depth) were estimated to repr...
Infrared radiometry of the rings of Saturn

Broad-band radiometry with a spatial resolution of 5 sec is presented for Saturn and its rings. The brightness temperature of the B ring is 96 plus or minus 3 K at 20 microns and 91 plus or minus 3 K at 11 microns. These values constrain the bolometric Bond albedo of the ring particles to be less than 0.6, thus requiring a phase integral of less than unity. From differences in the thermal emission of the ansae, it is suggested that the leading side of the particles has higher albedo than the trailing side. A measured drop in temperature of the B ring following eclipse of 2 plus or minus 0.5 K is consistent with radii for the ring particles of 2 cm or larger.
A Framework for Data Protection in Cloud Federations

One of the benefits of cloud computing is that a cloud provider can dynamically scale-up its resource capabilities by forming a cloud federation with other cloud providers. Forming cloud federations requires taking the data privacy and security concerns into account, which is critical in satisfying the Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The nature of privacy and security challenges in clouds requires that cloud providers design data protection mechanisms that work together with their resource management systems. In this paper, we consider the privacy requirements when outsourcing data and computation within a federation of clouds, and propose a framework for minimizing the cost of outsourcing while considering two key data protection restrictions, the trust and disclosure restrictions. We model these restrictions as conflict graphs, and formulate the problem as an integer program. In the absence of computationally tractable optimal algorithms for solving this problem, we design a fast heuristic algorithm. We analyze the performance of our proposed algorithm through extensive experiments.
Removal of inclusions from steel melts by filtration

The removal of alumina inclusions from steel melts is characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. Two specific types of filters have been used in this investigation: (1) tabular alumina having 0.2 to 0.5 cm particle size, and (2) extruded cellular monolithic alumina having 400 square cells per in2. The starting steel melts contained alumina inclusions of the order of 1 to 5Μm in size. Both chemical analyses and quantitative metallography of samples before and after filtration were carried out; in the latter, volume fraction and the size distribution of the inclusions were evaluated. It was found that alumina inclusions greater than 2.5Μm were completely removed by filtration and those smaller than 2.5Μm were substantially reduced in terms of number of inclusions per mm2. A good correlation has been found between filtration performance data evaluated by quantitative metallographic techniques and those evaluated by chemical analysis.
Monotone mapping of similarities into a general metric space

Abstract A method of “maximum variance nondimensional scaling” is described and tested that transforms similarity measures into distances that meet just three conditions: (C1) they exactly satisfy the metric axioms, (C2) they are, as nearly as possible, monotonically related to the similarity measures, (C3) they have maximum variance possible under the two preceding conditions. By achieving an appropriate balance between the last two conditions, one can determine the true underlying distances and the form of the unknown monotone function relating the similarity measures to those distances without assuming that the underlying space has any particular Euclidean, Minkowskian, or even dimensional strucutre. The method appears to have potential applications, e.g., to studies of stimulus generalization and the structure and processing of semantic information.
The relationship of plasma indicators of lipid metabolism and muscle damage to overnight temperature in winter-acclimatized small birds.

Plasma glycerol and triglyceride levels and creatine kinase (CK) activity may increase during long-distance flights in migratory birds, but plasma profiles of these metabolites have not previously been reported for small birds during thermoregulation in cold climates. We measured early morning levels of plasma glycerol, triglycerides and CK activity in four species of small birds overwintering in South Dakota, Junco hyemalis, Spizella arborea, Passer domesticus, and Carduelis tristis. We hypothesized that metabolite levels and CK activity might vary with overnight temperature (measured as the temperature just prior to dawn), with higher levels during colder temperatures which require elevated thermogenesis. Triglyceride and glycerol levels were not significantly related to temperature for any of the four species. Triglyceride levels were significantly positively associated with time since sunrise in J. hyemalis and C. tristis, and the time–temperature interaction was significant for S. arborea, suggesting rapid replacement of fat stores. Plasma glycerol levels were also significantly positively related to time since sunrise in J. hyemalis and C. tristis, but not in other species. Plasma CK activity showed a significant negative relationship to overnight temperature only for S. arborea. These results suggest that triglycerides do not comprise a major contribution to lipid supply during intense shivering in small birds. Similarly, intense shivering does not generally appear to result in muscle damage in small birds.
T7-based linear amplification of low concentration mRNA samples using beads and microfluidics for global gene expression measurements.

We have demonstrated in vitrotranscription (IVT) of cDNA sequences from purified Jurkat T-cell mRNA immobilized on microfluidic packed beds down to single-cell quantities. The microfluidically amplified antisense-RNA (aRNA) was nearly identical in length and quantity compared with benchtop reactions using the same starting sample quantities. Microarrays were used to characterize the number and population of genes in each sample, allowing comparison of the microfluidic and benchtop processes. For both benchtop and microfluidic assays, we measured the expression of approximately 4000 to 9000 genes for sample amounts ranging from 20 pg to 10 ng (2 to 1000 cell equivalents), corresponding to 41 to 93% of the absolute number of genes detected from a 100 ng total RNA control sample. Concordance of genes detected between methods (benchtop vs. microfluidic) and repeats (microfluidic vs. microfluidic) typically exceeded 90%. Validation of microarray by Real-time PCR of a panel of five genes suggests transcription of genes present is approximately six times more efficient with the microfluidic IVT compared with benchtop processing. Microfluidic IVT introduces no bias to the gene expression profile of the sample and provides more efficient transcription of mRNA sequences present at the single-cell level.
Space-time sampling and likelihood ratio processing in acoustic pressure fields

Space?time sampling plans based on a three-dimensional Whitaker sampling function are reviewed for single frequency and series band-limited time limited acoustic pressure fields. Following a brief discussion of probabilistic wave fields, likelihood ratio measurement procedure is outlined. Two examples are treated: the one-dimensional resolution problem for Gaussian signal in Gaussian noise, and the spacetime likelihood ratio processor for signal known exactly in Gauss and Markov-Gauss noise.
Morphological and histochemical characterization of three types of dopamine-containing neurons in primary cultures of mouse and rat spinal cord

Although the anatomical localization and distribution of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, has been extensively studied in the vertebrate central nervous system, the cell bodies of neurons which synthesize and store this transmitter were not thought to be present in the spinal cord. Using the formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde (Faglu) method for the fluorescent visualization of catecholamines, and immunohistochemistry with antisera to the catecholamine synthetic enzymes, we have found in primary cultures of mouse and rat spinal cord three morphologically distinct types of intrinsic spinal cord neurons that contain a catecholamine and the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH).
Topics, turns, and interpersonal control using serial judgment methods

Serial judgment techniques capture the on‐line, dynamic judgments of participants or observers as they experience an interaction. Two studies are reported that apply serial judgment methods to demonstrate how moment‐to‐moment changes in behaviors are associated with moment‐to‐moment changes in observers’ perceptions of interpersonal dominance.
"Without Porn … I Wouldn't Know Half the Things I Know Now": A Qualitative Study of Pornography Use Among a Sample of Urban, Low-Income, Black and Hispanic Youth.

Information about the pornography-viewing habits of urban, low-income youth of color in the United States is lacking. This study was designed to answer the following using a sample of 16- to 18-year-old urban-residing, low-income Black or Hispanic youth: (1) What types of pornography do youth report watching; where and for what purpose? (2) Do youth feel that pornography exposure has an impact on their own sexual behaviors? and (3) How do parents react to their pornography use? The following themes emerged from interviews with 23 youth: (1) Youth primarily reported watching pornography that featured one-on-one sexual intercourse but also reported having seen extreme pornography (e.g., public humiliation, incest); (2) youth reported watching pornography on home computers or smartphones, and that pornography was frequently watched in school; (3) youth reported watching for entertainment, for sexual stimulation, instructional purposes, and to alleviate boredom; many copied what they saw in pornography during their own sexual encounters; (4) pressure to make or to imitate pornography was an element of some unhealthy dating relationships; and (5) parents were generally described as unsupportive of youth's use of pornography but underequipped to discuss it. Approximately one-fifth expressed a preference for pornography featuring actors of their same race/ethnicity.
Compressed sensing through a pipe

A method is proposed that uses compressed sensing to obtain high-resolution radar images through a pipe. The method is demonstrated with simulation and measurement data and found to provide superior resolution in comparison to a matched filter.
The Matlab family planning-health services project.

Major modifications in the field structure and program activities of a simple contraceptive distribution program in rural Bangladesh demanded a more elaborate infrastructure to provide an increased range of methods and services. The modified project was better able to meet the fertility control needs of women as evidenced by higher rates of contraceptive acceptance and continuation. The established infrastructure could be used at minimal incremental cost to provide basic MCH services. The various program modifications are described and the results of fertility control activities over the projects 1st 18 months are analyzed comparing the findings with the experience of the earlier program. (Authors modified)
Effective conductivity due to continuous polarization reorientation in fluid ferroelectrics.

A smectic-$A$ (Sm$A$) liquid crystal phase of fluid layers with in-plane polarization $\text{P}$ is shown to exhibit effective conductivity in the semiconducting range during electric-field-induced polarization reorientation, but becomes insulating once the polarization is aligned with the field. Such fluid ferroelectrics sandwiched between highly insulating layers enable electro-optic devices with long-term dc electrostatic control of polarization and optic axis orientation.
Scaleup of a high-shear granulation process using a normalized impeller work parameter.

A method was evaluated to accurately identify the granulation end points of microcrystalline cellulose formulations by monitoring impeller work during high-shear processing. Impeller watt meters we...
Representation of vector electromagnetic beams

The propagation of a vector electromagnetic beam in a linear homogeneous dielectric half-space is considered using the Whittaker potentials for the electromagnetic fields. A relation between the Whittaker potentials and the vector and scalar potentials of the electromagnetic theory is obtained. The polarization properties of the beam are discussed in the paraxial approximation and beyond.
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and plasma cell proliferative disorders.

Background: Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common histological finding in patients with proteinuria. The natural history of the condition varies, and although it may be responsive to therapy, FSGS is an important cause of end-stage renal disease. FSGS can be caused by a variety of conditions, but it has been reported rarely in association with a plasma cell disorder. Methods: Mayo Clinic databases were queried and cross-referenced for FSGS and plasma cell disorders. The diagnoses were confirmed, and relevant clinical and laboratory data were abstracted. Results: A cohort of 13 patients with “idiopathic” FSGS and a monoclonal plasma cell disorder were identified. Four patients had myeloma, and 9 patients had monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Patients treated for myeloma experienced improvement in their renal lesion, and the latter relapsed when the myeloma relapsed. Conclusion: We show that FSGS and plasma cell disorders are temporally and epidemiologically linked. Therapy for the underlying plasma cell disorder can lead to resolution of FSGS. The emerging molecular pathogenesis of both FSGS and myeloma also provides potential mechanisms that link the 2 conditions together. Thus, physicians must rule out a plasma cell proliferative disorder in patients with FSGS before concluding that the renal lesion is idiopathic. Moreover, FSGS may respond favorably after the underlying plasma cell disorder is controlled.
PHOSPHORYLCREATINE CONSUMPTION DURING SINGLE-WORKING CONTRACTIONS OF ISOLATED MUSCLE.

Abstract 1. 1. The tissue concentration of phosphorylcreatine in frog rectus abdominis muscles was reduced from about 12 to less than 3 μmoles per g muscle by incubation with 2,4-dinitrophenol. Standardization of this method permitted direct measurements of small phosphorylcreatine changes during contractions of these muscles. 2. 2. Phosphorylcreatine was shown to be hydrolysed during single isotonic contractions at 0° in amounts which are sufficient to account for the energy requirements of the contractions. A direct relationships between external work performed and the phosphorylcreatine cleaved was demonstrated in these muscles.
1,8-Naphthalimide Synthon in Silver Coordination Chemistry: Control of Supramolecular Arrangement

The reaction of N-[2,2-bis(pyrazolyl)ethane]-1,8-naphthalimide (L1) and N-[2,2-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)ethane]-1,8-naphthalimide (L2) with silver tetrafluoroborate produced two new compounds, formulated on the basis of elemental figures and ESI/MS+ experiments as [Ag(L1)2](BF4) and [Ag(L2)2](BF4), respectively. Crystallization of these two compounds resulted in the formation of two pseudopolymorphs in each case; the structures of all four have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The common feature of all four structures is the directional π−π stacking of the naphthalimide groups, with the dipole vectors oriented at 180° antiparallel. The crystal packing is also influenced by several other noncovalent interactions, such as the pyrazolyl embrace, C−H···π interactions, and weak C−H···O hydrogen bonds.
Long-term outcome with surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension☆

Abstract Purpose : The purpose of this study was to prospectively study certain surgical approaches to renal artery stenosis and the long-term outcomes. Methods : One hundred thirty-six children were evaluated for severe hypertension, 53 had renovascular lesions. The approach to diagnosis, the role of balloon angioplasty, comparison of reimplantation with bypass grafting, the role of vein grafts and the incidence of graft aneurysm formation, the possible protective effect of vein graft mesh wraps, and approaches to treatment of associated aortic and visceral artery narrowing were all studied prospectively and the long-term results evaluated. Results : Fibromuscular hyperplasia (FMH) was the main etiology (45 of 53 patients), with 17 of these having midaortic involvement as well. Sex distribution was equal; average age was 9 years. Malignant hypertension was the rule, and three had renal failure. Twenty-three of the 45 had bilateral vessel involvement. Fifty of the 53 patients underwent operation. Aortography was the most definitive approach to diagnosis and planning therapy. Balloon angioplasty was used in eight patients, but this only worked long term in branch vessel locations or at graft anastomoses. A variety of surgical approaches were used depending on the pathology encountered. Thirty-eight patients underwent revascularization, seven underwent primary nephrectomy, five underwent primary partial nephrectomy, and 12 had aortoaortic bypass performed. Seventy percent were cured, 26% improved; and 4% did not respond to treatment with up to 16 years of follow-up. There was no mortality.
Bladder and urethral pressures evoked by microstimulation of the sacral spinal cord in cats.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to measure the bladder and urethral pressures evoked by intraspinal microstimulation of the sacral segments (S1–S2) in neurologically intact, chloralose anesthetized adult male cats. The bladder pressure was measured with a superpubic catheter and the urethral pressure was measured simultaneously at the level of the urethral sphincter and at the level of the penis using a two-element micromanometer. Intraspinal stimuli (typically 1 s, 20 Hz, 100 μA, 100 μs) were applied with activated iridium microwire electrodes in ipsilateral segments and intersegmental boundaries with a 250 μm mediolateral resolution and a 200 μm dorsoventral resolution. Increases in bladder pressures were generated by microstimulation in the intermediolateral region, in the lateral and ventrolateral ventral horn, and around the central canal. Simultaneous increases in urethral pressure were evoked by microstimulation in the ventrolateral ventral horn, but not at the other locations. Small reductions in urethral pressure (
Vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin).

Introduction UNLIKE other hydrophobic hormone-binding systems in mammalian plasma, the binding protein for vitamin D and its metabolites circulates in remarkably higher titer (5 × 10−6 M) compared to its major circulating ligand 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) (5 × 10−8 M), and displays a rapid turnover rate (1) (see Table 1). Initially characterized as group-specific component or Gc-globulin, its identity with the plasma vitamin D binding protein (DBP) was discovered in 1975 (2). This hepatic protein has a strong homology with serum albumin (ALB) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) (3, 4). Although many thousands of sera have been tested, deletion or gross alteration of the DBP gene has not been detected, lending support to the notion that such mutations might be lethal. Since analbuminemia and abnormalities of other plasma binding proteins do not appear to cause disease (5–7), DBP activities are presumably vital. In recent years, new observations on the structure, origin, associations, and activities of DBP hav...
IM/MIGRATION AND HEALTH: CONCEPTUAL, METHODOLOGICAL, AND THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS FOR APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY

This article provides an overview of some of the major topical areas in the study of im/migrant health relevant for applied and practicing anthropologists. It illustrates the conceptual, methodological, and theoretical insights they have contributed to the discipline as a whole. Topics include the intersection of health care and immigration policy; access to services; charity care and free clinics; cultural competency; medical pluralism; reproductive health and citizenship; communicable disease; the acculturation concept; and “illegal” status as a form of health disparity. These issues are highlighted using both U.S. and comparative international research literature, with a special focus on unauthorized im/migrants. Finally, this article suggests an agenda for future work in the field of im/migrant health for applied and practicing anthropologists.
THE PLACE OF LOCALITY FOR IDENTITY IN THE NATION: MINORITY NARRATIVES OF COSMOPOLITAN ISTANBUL

These words of an elderly Jewish man in Istanbul relate his memory of neighborhood life with Greeks, Armenians, and Muslims in the neighborhood of Kuzguncuk. In this place, there were no arguments between people of different religious backgrounds; Muslims shared “his” language, and he, as a Jew, knew Greek. As I examine his narrative for what it emphasizes and for the silences in between, I read Kuzguncuk as exceptional: describing an absence of argument in the past suggests that tension exists today; sharing multiple ethnic languages is understood now to be an old-fashioned rarity. His statement “Because we are Kuzguncuklu Jews, our Muslims over there loved us very much” suggests that in Kuzguncuk, he and his Muslim neighbors shared a common tie to place, a unique identity as Kuzguncuklu (of Kuzguncuk) that superseded any difference based on religion or ethnicity. As he describes a culture that remained from Ottoman times, his story illuminates indirectly the current Turkish national context that conditions the telling of his narrative.
Some properties of large-amplitude, negative-potential solitary waves in a three-component plasma

Large-amplitude, negative-potential solitary waves in a plasma containing positive and negative, cold, collisionless ions and isothermal electrons are studied computationally and analytically. When their amplitude and speed are large, both speed and width are proportional to the square root of amplitude. That is, amplitude is proportional to speed squared, while width increases directly with speed. Approximate expressions relating these quantities are derived.
International Evidence on the Long-Run Impact of Inflation

In this paper, I use a structural vector autoregression framework to analyze the effects of a permanent change in inflation on the long-run real interest rate and real output level in 14 industrialized countries. Long-run monetary superneutrality is rejected for all 14 countries using annual data: the results indicate that a permanent increase in inflation lowers the long-run real interest rate in each country; a permanent increase in inflation also increases the long-run real output level in a number of countries. Long-run monetary superneutrality is also rejected for four out of the five countries examined using quarterly data. Under long-run monetary superneutrality (LRSN), a per
Sorafenib-Induced Grade Four Hepatotoxicity in a Patient with Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A Case Report and Review of Literature

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor. Sorafenib is an effective medication in these tumors based on two phase II clinical trials and a retrospective analysis. We report a rare case of a 57-year-old male with acute hepatotoxicity from sorafenib. He was treated conservatively with IV fluids and prednisolone. Liver function tests improved over 2 months. We conclude that sorafenib could cause life-threatening hepatotoxicity and patients taking sorafenib need to be closely monitored.
REGULATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS BY DEXTRAN

Dextran, of the variety commonly used as plasma expander, markedly altered antibody synthesis to an unrelated antigenic stimulus, SRBC, in two animal species, guinea pig and mouse. The time at which dextran was administered relative to antigen was found to be most critical for increasing or decreasing the number of IgM and IgG PFC. Furthermore, these times differed for the two species studied. Typically, when given to guinea pigs 6 h before SRBC, dextran caused a 20-fold rise in IgM-producing cells but had little effect upon IgG synthesis. However, if dextran preceded antigen by 24 h the same magnitude of increase was seen in IgG-forming cells while a decrease in IgM-producing cells occurred. In mice, a short 2 h interval between dextran and antigen favored cells synthesizing IgG and not those producing IgM. A longer 6 to 24 h lapse between dextran and antigen resulted again in an inverted pattern, i.e., an increase in IgM and a decrease in IgG-producing cells. In both species, if dextran was given 48 h before antigen, synthesis of IgG markedly decreased. At the cellular level dextran activated those B cells already in the vascular compartment. In stimulating the IgM response to SRBC, dextran appears either to substitute for T cells or to amplify the effects of that small number of T cells still present in bone marrow preparations. Dextran-altered mouse B cells synthesized SRBC-specific IgG in the presence of normal T cells at an earlier time than did normal B and T cells. However, dextran was unable to cause blastogenesis in vitro of guinea pig lymph node cells or mouse B, T, and spleen cells. The data suggest at least two effects that T cells exert upon B cells. One is to stimulate more B cells to produce IgM, a function accomplished by endotoxins, PWM, PPD, and the simple polysaccharide dextran. The other is to trigger shifts in synthesis of immunoglobulins M and G. Our observations are compatible with the view that a single cell is capable of synthesizing both of these immunoglobulins and that the stimulating factor for one may cause cessation of the other.
Ion beam sputtering of fluoride thin films for 193 nm applications

Ion beam sputtering of AlF3, LaF3, and GdF3 as single layers, AR coatings, and HR coatings for 193 nm is presented. The resulting optical properties, such as reflectance/transmittance and optical constants, and material properties, such as surface roughness and film durability, are discussed. The low temperature of the process allows for both CaF2 and fused silica substrates to be used with the same optical results.
Changes in the Sociocultural Reality of Chinese Immigrants: Challenges and Opportunities in Help-Seeking Behaviour

Introduction: This paper uses findings from a larger study to present a nuanced depiction of the interplay of informal and formal help-seeking processes of a sample of Chinese immigrants in their mental healthcare in New York City. Method: Thirty one participants who were receiving mental health treatment were interviewed with regard to their experiences preceding their suicide attempt. Their narratives were coded for thematic analysis. Findings: Acculturation difficulties, inaccessibility to services and stigma associated with mental illness were major obstacles in the participants’ help-seeking process, which was consistent with other studies of immigrants of ethnic minority groups in the USA. In addition, the findings showed how changes in this sample of Chinese immigrants’ socio-cultural reality disrupted familiar help-seeking pathways, and perpetuated and amplified the aforementioned stressors. Issues of human connection, immigrants’ resiliency and missed opportunities were also identified as potential resources to modify cultural stigmas and help-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: There are varied socio-cultural factors that need to be considered in mental health outreach services in immigrant communities.
Effect of Binder Type, Aggregate, and Mixture Composition on Fracture Energy of Hot-Mix Asphalt in Cold Climates

Detrimental effects of low-temperature cracking of asphalt pavements and overlays have motivated new work in fracture testing of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Recent work has indicated that the fracture behavior of asphalt concrete at low temperatures can be accurately predicted with a testing and modeling system that, along with viscoelastic bulk material properties, relies simply on fracture energy and material strength. In this study, the disk-shaped compact tension test is used to measure fracture energy of 28 HMA mixtures designed for cold climates. Four parameters are investigated: aggregate type (limestone and granite), temperature (three temperatures, encompassing the Superpave® performance graded binder low temperature grade for each binder tested), asphalt content (Superpave design asphalt content and Superpave design content plus 0.5%), and air voids (4% and 7%). A statistical analysis of results demonstrates the significance for fracture energy of binder content at higher temperatures, aggregate type...
Gender Differences in Associations between Exposure to School HIV Education and Protective Sexual Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Diagnosis among High School Students.

This study aimed to assess associations between school HIV education and protective sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV diagnosis with a representative sample of male and female high school students. Data from male and female adolescent participants in the 1999, 2001 and 2003 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 12,243) were analyzed. Adjusted regression analyses stratified by gender were conducted to assess relationships between school HIV education exposure and the following outcomes: no sexual initiation, condom use at last sex, no multiple sex partners in the past three months and no history of STD/HIV diagnosis. Participants were mostly White (75%) and were 51% male; the subsample of sexually active students was younger than the total sample but was otherwise similar in demographics. School HIV education was reported by 93% of our sample and was significantly related to sexual initiation among boys (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–2.7) but not girls. A...