cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using factor analysis to validate the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale in sample of science, technology, engineering and mathematics doctoral students

Abstract This study examined the factor structure of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS). Previous researchers identified different factor structures when analyzing the instrument. Some have concluded that it contains one factor; others identified a two-factor solution while other researchers including the developers of the survey affirm a three-factor structure. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure of the instrument using the three models proposed by researchers in the existing literature. The CFA revealed that a one-factor model with correlated residuals was the more parsimonious model. Based on these findings it can be concluded that a single factor model best fits the data in the study.
Impulsive responding in threat and reward contexts as a function of PTSD symptoms and trait disinhibition

We examined current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, trait disinhibition, and affective context as contributors to impulsive and self-destructive behavior in 94 trauma-exposed Veterans. Participants completed an affective Go/No-Go task (GNG) with different emotional contexts (threat, reward, and a multidimensional threat/reward condition) and current PTSD, trait disinhibition, and risky/self-destructive behavior measures. PTSD interacted with trait disinhibition to explain recent engagement in risky/self-destructive behavior, with Veterans scoring high on trait disinhibition and current PTSD symptoms reporting the highest levels of these behaviors. On the GNG task, commission errors were also associated with the interaction of PTSD symptoms and trait disinhibition. Specifically, PTSD symptoms were associated with greater commission errors in threat vs. reward contexts for individuals who were low on trait disinhibition. In contrast, veterans high on PTSD and trait disinhibition exhibited the greatest number of commission errors in the multidimensional affective context that involved both threat and reward processing. Results highlight the interactive effects of PTSD and disinhibited personality traits, as well as threat and reward systems, as risk factors for impulsive and self-destructive behavior in trauma-exposed groups. Findings have clinical implications for understanding heterogeneity in the expression of PTSD and its association with disinhibited behavior.
Tuning Mobility Separation Factors of Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation Products via Selective Ion-Neutral Clustering

Combining experimental data with computational modeling, we illustrate the capacity of selective gas-phase interactions using neutral gas vapors to yield an additional dimension of gas-phase ion mobility separation. Not only are the mobility shifts as a function of neutral gas vapor concentration reproducible, but also the selective alteration of mobility separation factors is closely linked to existing chemical functional groups. Such information may prove advantageous in elucidating chemical class and resolving interferences. Using a set of chemical warfare agent simulants with nominally the same reduced mobility values as a test case, we illustrate the ability of the drift-gas doping approach to achieve separation of these analytes. In nitrogen, protonated forms of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and methyl phosphonic acid (MPA) exhibit the reduced mobility values of 1.99 ± 0.01 cm2 V–1s–1 at 175 °C. However, when the counter current drift gas of the system is doped with 2-propanol at 20 μL/h, full ...
Robotic Right Middle Lobectomy

Lung cancer remains a significant health problem throughout the world. With the increasing adoption of lung cancer screening, there may be greater numbers and proportions of early-stage disease in the future. Anatomical pulmonary resection remains the major curative treatment, and minimally invasive approaches (video-assisted thoracic surgery and robotic surgery) are gradually becoming the standard of care for the surgical management of lung cancer. Compared with conventional video-assisted thoracic surgery, robotic technology offers advantages to the surgeon, including binocular and magnified optics, wristed instrumentation, and ergonomic comfort. Moreover, thoracic applications, particularly anatomical lung resection, are the fastest-growing field in robotic surgery. This article will review the technical steps required to perform robotic middle lobectomy. The incision strategy, the specific instrumentation utilized, and the stepwise approach are based on the author's preference and experience and are by no means either the preferred or only options available. One of the many advantages of robotic technology is the ability to tailor the technology to the individual surgeon's preferences.
Subgroups of Bounded Abelian Groups

Valuated groups are a topic of central interest in Abelian group theory. On one hand, they provide a viewpoint for classical Abelian theory problems, and on the other hand are of interest in their own right. In this latter regard, there has been some progress in getting structure theorems for certain valuated groups. Complete sets of invariants have been provided for finite direct sums of cyclic valuated p-groups [HRW1], for finite simply presented valuated p-groups (AHW), and for direct sums of torsion-free cyclic valuated groups [AHW]. A general discussion of simply presented valuated p-groups, with an aim toward a structure theory, is presented in [HW]. In [BHW], a basis for a general study of finite valuated p-groups is suggested. However, structure theories for simply presented valuated p-groups and for finite valuated p-groups are only in the initial stages.
Enhanced scratch resistance of self-assembled silica nanoparticle anti-reflection coatings

The layer-by-layer ionic self-assembly of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) can yield high-quality, tunable, and cost-effective anti-reflection coatings (ARCs). However, these purely ionic films lack the necessary scratch resistance for long-term stability. The addition of thermally-crosslinking polyelectrolytes, PAH and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), can provide a solution to this challenge. The improved ARC design involves the formation of repeat-units of PAH/PAA/PAH/SiO2 interlayer ionic self-assembled multilayers (ISAM) films. This paper examines the associated effects resulting from the manipulation of the PAA pH to result in low to high chain charge densities (pH = 3.0 to 6.0, respectively). This PAA pH alteration dramatically shifts the films’ scratch resistance and anti-reflective properties in opposite directions. The films’ RMS surface roughness and surface morphology are also found to be substantially affected by the PAA pH variation, especially when the pH is in close proximity to the PAA pKa. In this report, characterization of these properties is obtained through UV-vis spectroscopy, ellipsometry, profilometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), tribology, macro-scale scratch testing, and haze measurements. The development of covalent amide linkages in PAH/PAA films upon thermal crosslinking is confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The primary goal of the study is an optimization of the trade-off between scratch resistance and anti-reflection properties within PAH/PAA/PAH/SiO2 interlayer ISAM ARCs through modification of the PAA pH. An optimal trade-off is found at a PAA pH value of 5.2.
Dielectric Strength of Liquid Helium under Strongly Inhomogeneous Field Conditions

In recent years a great deal of attention has been directed to the application of superconductivity to electrical equipment, in particular, superconducting power transmission lines [1]. Liquid helium is being investigated in a dual role as the dielectric and coolant in some cable projects presently under way [2–4], in view of its extremely low dielectric loss (< μ rad). Most of the information available on the breakdown strength of liquid helium is limited to either uniform or quasiuniform field conditions. Nevertheless, in any practical system one often encounters bends, corners, and projections. Frozen contaminants on the electrode surface, for instance, water vapor, could provide serious nonuniform field configurations. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the performance of the dielectric under strongly inhomogeneous field conditions. In order to do this the ASTM standard electrode and the point-plane electrode systems were employed. Although the main emphasis was directed toward measurements on liquid helium, in certain cases liquid nitrogen and cold helium gas were also studied. It was found that the deterioration in dielectric strength of liquid helium in strongly inhomogeneous field conditions is much more severe than that of well-degassed transformer oil. Also, in the case of the point-plane electrode configuration, liquid helium exhibits a strong polarity effect markedly different from that of transformer oil. The breakdown data were also subjected to statistical analysis in order to determine the form of the distribution function.
Born to Commonsense

Individuals live in the world of commonsense from beginning to end. In contrast to how religion onsets to one’s life or how one falls in the field of science, a catch expression for people to enter the realm of commonsense is this: They are born to commonsense. Indeed, from conception to birth to infancy to childhood, individuals focus almost exclusively on the body, bodily growth, sensing, and sensible experience. This chapter follows individuals and individual life commonsensically in settings from family, workplace, and community to nation-state, with scripts inscribed or conveyed in body and nature or culture and heritage, through performances such as everyday acts, sports, and entertainments, by milestones including age-graded, gender-centered, and socially sanctioned road markers, and in terms of rituals, ritual observance, and ritual significance.
Endovascular treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: How we do it

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare disease disproportionally affecting patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and may be associated with other pulmonary or infectious etiologies. Respiratory symptoms are the most common, including dyspnea, hypoxemia, and hemoptysis. Due to the impairment of normal pulmonary filtration function, patients with PAVM are at risk for embolic events, ranging from ischemic strokes to brain abscesses. More importantly, PAVM can enlarge over time or with physiological changes, which may lead to catastrophic hemorrhages and increased embolization risks. From imaging perspective, echocardiography with contrast bubbles and computed tomography can both be used to diagnose PAVMs with high sensitivity and specificity. Treatment modalities have evolved from invasive surgeries to transluminal catheter-based interventions. In recent decades, the evolution of interventional techniques and equipment has resulted in a high technical success rate for the treatment of PAVMs. Here, we present the interventional PAVM treatment protocol at our institution.
A Study of Interviewer Compliance in 2013 and 2014 Census Test Adaptive Designs

Researchers are interested in the effectiveness of adaptive and responsive survey designs that monitor and respond to data using tailored or targeted interventions. These designs often require adherence to protocols, which can be difficult when surveys allow in-person interviewers flexibility in managing cases. This article describes examples of interviewer noncompliance and compliance in adaptive design experiments that occurred in two United States decennial census tests. The two studies tested adaptive procedures including having interviewers work prioritized cases and substitute face-to-face attempts with telephone calls. When to perform such procedures was communicated to interviewers via case management systems that necessitated twice-daily transmissions of data. We discuss reasons when noncompliance may occur and ways to improve compliance.
Investigation of a sliding alula for control augmentation of lifting surfaces at high angles of attack

Abstract The ability to generate useful control forces on lifting surfaces at high angles of attack is particularly challenging due to boundary layer separation. A miniature collection of feathers on birds termed the alula, appears an intriguing solution to this control problem. Using surface-oil visualizations and direct force and moment measurements, we experimentally investigate the aerodynamics of a model alula(e) affixed to a thin, flat-plate, rectangular wing. A critical parameter of the deflected alula considered, is not its orientation relative to the incoming flow, but rather its spanwise distance from the wing tip to which it is oriented. Control forces (lift and rolling moment) are proportional to this distance over a wide range of angles of attack. When centered on the stalled wing, a single alula generates a rolling moment of magnitude comparable to that produced by a conventional trailing-edge flap aileron in an attached-flow condition. Importantly, the wetted area of the alula is one order of magnitude less than the reference flap aileron. The uncharacteristically large control force of the alula stems from its ability to induce and stabilize a vortex that sweeps outboard across the span of the wing towards the wing tip. Changing the distance of the alula from the wing tip, varies the length of this ‘sweeping vortex’ and its associated interactions with the wing. A novel high-angle-of-attack control solution is proposed, the sliding alula, which entails coordinated shifting of two alulae to manipulate the length and asymmetry of stabilized ‘sweeping vortices’ on stalled wings. Results regarding control authority in cross-flow and the gust mitigation potential of the sliding alula are also discussed.
Evaluation of the Oxidation Behavior of Polyethylene Geomembranes Using Oxidative Induction Time Tests

The oxidation of five different high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes was produced in a forced air oven at a temperature of 115 C. The antioxidant packages of three of the geomembranes contained hindered phenols and phosphites types of antioxidants. The antioxidant packages of the other two geomembranes consisted of either thiosynergists or hindered amines together with hindered phenols and phosphites. The consumption of antioxidants after given time periods of oven incubation was monitored by two oxidative induction time (OIT) tests: standard OIT and high pressure OIT together with tensile tests. The results indicated that both OIT tests can effectively track the consumption of hindered phenol and phosphite types of antioxidants. However, for thiosynergists and hindered amines, the high pressure OIT is the appropriate test. The study clearly demonstrated that mechanical properties do not decrease until all (or most) of the OIT value has been depleted. Thus, the reduction of OIT values is the precursor of material degradation.
Energy–Geometry Dependency of Molecular Structures: A Multistep Machine Learning Approach

There is growing interest in estimating quantum observables while circumventing expensive computational overhead for facile in silico materials screening. Machine learning (ML) methods are implemen...
Use of transcriptomic data to inform biophysical models via Bayesian networks

Abstract Process-based models of plant productivity provide a means of yield prediction that can inform best practices in agriculture and land management. However, current biophysical models fail in capturing both genotypic and phenotypic variation under changing environmental conditions. Physiological traits affecting final yield and ecosystem productivity are the result of gene expression, protein translation, and metabolite formation which are controlled by specific alleles acting alone and in response to time and environmental cues. Biophysical interactions take place simultaneously across several scales of time and space, giving rise to high levels of complexity and limiting the predictive capacity of existing analytical approaches. While statistical methods can partially quantify genotype-by-environment connections, biophysical process models miss exploring genotypic diversity and they cannot currently be implemented with -omics data, i.e. the entire collection of entities such as gene transcripts, metabolites, and proteins. Here we present a novel framework that utilizes Bayesian networks to provide probabilities that link gene expression levels to trait occurrence. We propose the use of these gained probabilities to inform parameters of existing biophysical models. Merging transcriptomic information into process-based models allows for greater integration of empirical data and processes across different scales in complex systems, while increasing the likelihood of growth predictions under unknown environmental conditions.
Optimization of the Ni/Al 2 O 3 and Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts Load in Autothermal Steam Methane Reforming

In this paper we analyzed an autothermal reformer for the hydrogen production from methane and vapor. The endothermic reforming reaction was heated with the exothermic reaction of methane combustion inside a rectangular reactor. The reforming reaction was activated with nickel (Ni) catalyst layer that coated on one wall of the reactor, while the second wall was coated with platinum (Pt) catalyst in order to activate the combustion reaction. The quantity of the catalysts used for each reaction has an important effect on the process. A low quantity of the catalysts can decrease the hydrogen yield, on the other hand, additional quantity can increase reactor conception costs. So that, the optimization of the process to find out an adequate quantity of catalysts is required to improve the process [1]. The Ni catalyst thickness was varied from 1 × 10−4 m to 4 × 10−4 m while the variation of the Pt catalyst was between 5 × 10−6 m and 4 × 10−5 m. The results showed that the hydrogen yield achieved an optimum value of 36.295% was obtained when the catalyst was operated under a catalyst thickness of 2 × 10−4 m for the Ni catalyst, while, the thickness of the Pt catalyst was of 2 × 10−5 m. the maximum temperature.
Analyses of cancer incidence and other morbidities in gamma irradiated B6CF1 mice

With increasing medical radiation exposures, it is important to understand how different modes of delivery of ionizing radiation as well as total doses of exposure impact health outcomes. Our lab studied the risks associated with ionizing radiation by analyzing the Northwestern University Radiation Archive for animals (NURA). NURA contains detailed data from a series of 10 individual neutron and gamma irradiation experiments conducted on over 50,000 mice. Rigorous statistical testing on control mice from all Janus experiments enabled us to select studies that could be compared to one another and uncover unexpected differences among the controls as well as experimental animals. For controls, mice sham irradiated with 300 fractions died significantly earlier than those with fewer sham fractions and were excluded from the pooled dataset. Using the integrated dataset of gamma irradiated and control mice, we found that fractionation significantly decreased the death hazard for animals dying of lymphomas, tumors, non-tumors, and unknown causes. Gender differences in frequencies of causes of death were identified irrespective of irradiation and dose fractionation, with female mice being at a greater risk for all causes of death, except for lung tumors. Irradiated and control male mice were at a significantly greater risk for lung tumors, the opposite from observations noted in humans. Additionally, we discovered that lymphoma deaths can occur quickly after exposures to high doses of gamma rays. This study systematically cross-compared outcomes of different modes of fractionation evaluated across different Janus experiments and across a wide span of total doses. It demonstrates that protraction modulated survival and disease status differently based on the total dose, cause of death, and sex of an animal. This novel method for analyzing the Janus datasets will lead to insightful new mechanistic hypotheses and research in the fields of radiation biology and protection.
Solving Sensor Reading Drifting Using Denoising Data Processing Algorithm (DDPA) for Long-Term Continuous and Accurate Monitoring of Ammonium in Wastewater

Sensor reading drifting caused by sensor property deterioration is a major problem of long-term continuous monitoring in wastewater and hinders wide-range application of online wastewater managemen...
A Refutation of Popperian Inductive Scepticism

To claim, for instance, that a #: b&Fb is favorably relevant to Fa is to embrace, at least, a limited form of inductivism. On the other hand, to claim that a #= b&Fb is unfavorably relevant to Fa is to embrace, at least, a limited form of counter-induction. Presumably Popper is as eager to avoid counter-induction as he is eager to avoid induction. Therefore we may safely presume Popper would accept (C) and (D). Unfortunately for Popper the conjunction of (A), (B), (C) and (D) is inconsistent.
Emmanuel Levinas and the Limits to Ethics: A Critique and a Re-Appropriation

1 Introduction 2 The Routes to the Ethical 3 The Talmud and Liberalism 4 Theory and Ideology in Levinas 5 Levinas and his Contemporaries 6 An Ethics of Theory vs. and Ethics of Ideology 7 Nietzsche and Levinas 8 Plato and Levinas 9 Can there be an Ethics that is otherwise than Being?
Globalization and the Developmental State: Reflections on the Asian Financial Crisis

Related to the issue of governance, globalization also affects economic performance. Globalization can propel countries to new economic heights or it can lead to dramatic domestic dislocations–a fact affirmed by the changing fortunes of East Asia. This chapter discusses the challenges that globalization poses to the developmental state. It argues that the financial crisis induced by participation in the global economy has made it imperative to reform, but not jettison, the state. The chapter presents an argument for placing the present globalization in a longer historical context. It contrasts two different theories on the East Asian economic miracle that are relevant to the discussions on globalization. The chapter shows the degree of Asia’s globalization in light of certain commonly used indicators so as to establish a partial account of the Asian financial crisis. It concludes with a discussion of the future of the developmental state.
Studies of International Violence: Five Easy Pieces?

7Uhe study of international violence-and war, in particular-is a time-honored profession. Among its practitioners have been philosophers and historians, economists and mathematicians, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, and political scientists. Not surprisingly, this wide representation of disciplines has produced an equally diverse array of explanations as to why international violence occurs, or does not occur. These explanations range from the metaphysical belief in fate to the
CTXφ and Vibrio cholerae: exploring a newly recognized type of phage–host cell relationship

The genes encoding cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of the diarrhoeal pathogen Vibrio cholerae, are part of the genome of CTXphi, a filamentous bacteriophage. Thus, CTXphi has played a critical role in the evolution of the pathogenicity of V. cholerae. Unlike the well-studied F pilus-specific filamentous coliphages, CTXphi integrates site-specifically into its host chromosome and forms stable lysogens. Here we focus on the CTXphi life cycle and, in particular, on recent studies of the mechanism of CTXphi integration and the factors that govern lysogeny. These and other processes illustrate the remarkable dependence of CTXphi on host-encoded factors.
Novel Educational Module for Subclavian Central Venous Catheter Insertion Using Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance

Objective Given increasing evidence supporting a real-time ultrasound (US)-guided approach for subclavian vein (SCV) central venous catheter (CVC) insertion as compared with the traditional landmark approach, we sought to develop a standardized curriculum to offer healthcare providers a means to attain increased competency and confidence in US-guided SCV CVC insertion. Design Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Setting Single institution’s American College of Surgeons Level 1 Accredited Education Institute within an academic tertiary care center. Subjects A total of 77 residents and midlevel providers working in our surgical intensive care unit. Interventions Providers participated in a tiered educational module designed to teach safe US-guided SCV CVC insertion. The education consisted of a multimedia didactic presentation and a hands-on simulation session, including US anatomy on live subjects and anatomical model-based SCV CVC insertion. Measurements and Main Results Assessment of the effect of education included a written examination and confidence survey, administered pre- and postintervention, and videotaped simulation session graded by blinded expert evaluators. Of the 77 participants, 70 participants completed a posttest with a median 5-point increase in score compared with that of the pretest score (p Conclusions This comprehensive hands-on teaching module-based curriculum enhanced learner knowledge of and confidence in US-guided SCV CVC insertion. This module can be implemented in simulation centers for teaching safe and successful SCV CVC insertion.
Principles of universal design in the classroom: a guideline for communication, teaching, and learning Os princípios do desenho universal em sala de aula: orientação para a comunicação, ensino e aprendizagem

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a presenca e a influencia dos principios do Desenho Universal numa sala de aula de pos-graduacao em uma universidade particular em North Central Ohio. Instrutores do curso implementaram muitos aspectos do Desenho Universal relacionados com o clima de sala de aula, metodos de entrega, recursos/ tecnologia de informacao, interacao, feedback e avaliacao. Resultados indicaram que estudantes universitarios tipicos acharam a aplicacao de tais metodos benefica para a sua aprendizagem em todas as categorias. Palavras-Chave: Desenho Universal. Pos-Graduacao. Tecnologia. Instrucao Diferenciada. Avaliacao. Abstract This paper aimed to analyze the presence and influence of Universal Design principles in a graduate education classroom at a private university in North central Ohio. Course instructors implemented many aspects of Universal Design related to classroom climate, delivery methods, information resources/ technology, interaction, feedback, and assessment. Findings indicated that typical college students perceived the implementation of such methods beneficial to their learning across the categories. Keywords: Universal Design. College Students. Technology. Differentiated Instruction. Assessment.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Wastewater Treatment

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were first proposed in the 1980s for drinking water treatment and later were widely studied for treatment of different wastewaters. During the AOP treatment of wastewater, hydroxyl radicals (OH·) or sulfate radicals (SO4 ·−) are generated in sufficient quantity to remove refractory organic matters, traceable organic contaminants, or certain inorganic pollutants, or to increase wastewater biodegradability as a pre-treatment prior to an ensuing biological treatment. In this paper, we review the fundamental mechanisms of radical generation in different AOPs and select landfill leachate and biologically treated municipal wastewater as model wastewaters to discuss wastewater treatment with different AOPs. Generally, the treatment efficiencies rely heavily upon the selected AOP type, physical and chemical properties of target pollutants, and operating conditions. It would be noted that other mechanisms, besides hydroxyl radical or sulfate radical-based oxidation, may occur during the AOP treatment and contribute to the reduction of target pollutants. Particularly, we summarize recent advances in the AOP treatment of landfill leachate, as well as advanced oxidation of effluent organic matters (EfOM) in biologically treated secondary effluent (BTSE) for water reuse.
Baire measurable paradoxical decompositions via matchings

Abstract We show that every locally finite bipartite Borel graph satisfying a strengthening of Hall's condition has a Borel perfect matching on some comeager invariant Borel set. We apply this to show that if a group acting by Borel automorphisms on a Polish space has a paradoxical decomposition, then it admits a paradoxical decomposition using pieces having the Baire property. This strengthens a theorem of Dougherty and Foreman who showed that there is a paradoxical decomposition of the unit ball in R 3 using Baire measurable pieces. We also obtain a Baire category solution to the dynamical von Neumann–Day problem: if a is a nonamenable action of a group on a Polish space X by Borel automorphisms, then there is a free Baire measurable action of F 2 on X which is Lipschitz with respect to a.
Mass customization: Implementing the emerging paradigm for competitive advantage

In many industries the dominant paradigm, ‘mass production,’ is being challenged by the emerging paradigm, ‘mass customization.’ Accordingly, many researchers posit that firms which replace ‘mass production’ with ‘mass customization’ will gain a significant competitive advantage. Based on an in-depth study of the National Bicycle Industrial Company (NBIC), this paper explores the dynamics of pursuing both mass production and mass customization strategies simultaneously. At the operational level, the paper discusses the organizational mechanisms instituted by the NBIC in order to benefit from the simultaneous pursuit of both approaches. At the competitive level, it isolates the relative contributions of both approaches to the overall competitive positioning of this firm in its industry. Based on this discussion, it provides a framework that illustrates the dynamics involved in the pursuit of both approaches. Implicitly, the paper argues that for firms competing in rapidly changing environments the ability to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage depends on the firm's capability to create knowledge by interacting both mass customization and mass production approaches. Finally, the paper concludes with managerial and research implications regarding the emerging paradigm of mass customization.
ALI: A Procedural Language to Describe VLSI Layouts

ALI is a procedural language to specify VLSI layouts. It allows the designer to describe layouts without reference to the sizes and positions of the layout elements or to the distances between them. Among the interesting characteristics of ALI are that it does not need design rule checking, is easy to extend, facilitates the division of labor and permits the easy update of a layout to new design rules or to new processes. The general features of the language and the experience gained with a preliminary implementation of it are described.
Avoidance decrement as a function of training-test interval: Single cycle or multiphasic?

Y-maze avoidance performance was assessed in independent groups of rats during a 50-trial test session which followed a 30-trial training session by 15 min, 1, 6, 12, 18, 24 or 30 hr. While a decrement in avoidance performance was present at the 1 hr interval, there was no evidence for a difference among the other groups. The number of correct discriminations was unaffected by training-test interval.
Heat Transfer and Hydrodynamics of Subcooled Inverted Annular Flow Film Boiling on a Single Rod Heater

Heat transfer during inverted annular flow boiling of a subcooled liquid was studied in this work. An experiment was set up to simulate flow downstream of a quench front during the reflooding phase of a dried out nuclear core in a loss of coolant accident. Steady-state, subcooled flow film boiling experiments were conducted inside an annular cross section consisting of a single stainless steel rod heater, 71 cm in height and 1.11 cm in diameter, which was placed concentrically within a tube of diameter 1.59 cm. The quench front location was stabilized near the test section inlet using a “hot patch”. The hot patch consisted of a 2.5 cm-long cartridge heater inserted within the inner diameter of the heater tube. All tests were performed with PF-5060 as the test fluid, with mass flux ranging from 200 to 810 kg/m2 s, inlet subcooling ranging from 12 to 27 °C, and wall superheat ranging from 200 to 305 °C. The fluid temperature, wall temperature, and pressure were measured at various axial locations. Fluid temperatures in the radial direction were also measured at several axial locations. The data obtained from these experiments were used to determine the wall heat transfer coefficient and liquid side heat transfer rate.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A semiclassical inversion procedure for the internuclear distance dependence of diatomic properties

Abstract A semiclassical procedure for obtaining the internuclear distance dependence of diatomic properties (e.g., dipole moment) from measured expectation values of the property in specific vibrational—rotational states is outlined. It represents generalization of the Rydberg-Klein-Rees procedure for obtaining the internuclear potential energy, and thus is valid up to dissociation.
Multiple agent chemotherapy for advanced histiocytic lymphoma

Abstract Seventy-eight patients with stage III and IV histiocytic lymphoma were randomized for treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYP), vincristine (VCR), and prednisone (PRD) (COP) or COP plus BCNU and HN2. The study was done in three phases: the first compared COP with COP plus BCNU and HN2 at a “low” dose, the second compared the same agents using a 50% increase in the dose of the alkylating agents (“high dose”) and the third compared the second combination with the addition of 10 weekly doses of bleomycin. Upon entering remission, the patients were randomized to receive daily CYP p.o. or daily CYP p.o. plus reinforcing doses of PRD and VCR every two months. The response rates were not significantly different for each treatment group; the overall remission rate was 50%. The median duration of remission was 4 months. Twenty-one patients were observed during maintenance chemotherapy. Neither regimen showed an advantage over the other. The overall median survival was 6 months, but patients achieving CR had a median survival of 14 months. The addition of BCNU, HN2 or bleomycin did not improve the response rate for COP.
KALLMANN SYNDROME: A DEFECT IN NEURAL TARGET RECOGNITION

Kallmann syndrome is a human genetic disorder characterized by a defect in olfactory system development due to an abnormality in the migration of olfactory axons and of gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) producing neurons. The predicted protein product of the recently isolated gene for X-linked Kallmann syndrome shares motifs with molecules involved in neural development. We have isolated the chicken Kallmann syndrome gene which shows an overall 77% amino acid identity with the human homologue. The degree of identity increases within the putative functional domains, strongly supporting their functional relevance. Expression studies have been performed by Northern analysis, RT-PCR, RNase protection and in situ hybridization in chicken embryos at different developmental stages. In the developing and adult chicken, high levels of expression of this gene were found in the olfactory bulb and in the cerebellar cortex, both areas affected in patients with Kallmann syndrome. In the olfactory bulb, the gene is expressed by the mitral cells, the target of olfactory axons; in the cerebellum, expression was found in the Purkinje cells. The site and the timing of expression of the Kallmann syndrome gene within the olfactory system suggest that its protein product is a signal molecule required for proper neuronal targeting throughout life.
Influence of corticotropin-releasing hormone on electrophysiological activity of locus coeruleus neurons.

Abstract These experiments examined the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on single-unit electrophysiological activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. As has been reported previously, infusion of CRH into the ventricular system of the brain (i.c.v.) of halothane-anesthetized adult male rats increased spontaneous discharge rate of LC neurons while producing no increase, and possibly a decrease, in sensory-evoked activity. However, when i.c.v. CRH was given to female rats or immature male rats, which had not been studied previously, LC activity was not altered. To attempt to understand this sex and age difference, potential mechanisms by which i.c.v. CRH elevates LC spontaneous activity in adult male rats were examined; in that i.c.v. CRH activates the pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system, these response systems were manipulated. Adrenalectomy (with or without corticosterone replacement by pellet) did not affect the ability of i.c.v. CRH to increase LC spontaneous activity in adult male animals, but blockade of sympathetically-mediated autonomic responses, either by chlorisondamine or the beta adrenergic receptor blocker timolol, blocked this increase, indicating that afferent feedback from peripheral autonomic responses was critical for activating LC neurons following i.c.v. CRH. To determine whether CRH neurotransmission might play a role in this feedback pathway, the CRH antagonist alpha-helical CRH (α-hCRH) was microinjected into several brain regions including LC prior to i.c.v. CRH. α-hCRH microinjected into LC reduced the increase in LC activity caused by i.c.v. CRH; however, blockade of this increase was total when α-hCRH was microinjected into the lateral parabrachial nucleus ipsilateral to the LC recording site, suggesting that increased LC activity following i.c.v. CRH is mediated by CRH acting in the parabrachial region. During these studies, it was also observed that microinjection of α-hCRH into LC increased LC spontaneous discharge rate; consequently, CRH was microinjected into LC, and produced a dose-dependent decrease in LC spontaneous activity in both male and female rats, which could be blocked by microinjection of α-hCRH — these data indicated that the direct influence of CRH on LC neurons is to decrease their spontaneous activity. To reconcile this with the original report that CRH applied to LC neurons increases their activity, one possibility suggested is that the CRH microinjection procedure used in the present study stimulated inhibitory receptors on LC dendrites whereas the original study stimulated excitatory receptors on LC cell bodies. It is concluded that an inhibitory influence of CRH on LC activity is consistent with recent data indicating that decreased LC activity increases anxiety and stress-related responses, but that direct influences of CRH appear rather minor in determining LC neuronal activity in comparison to other inputs to LC such as are seen after i.c.v. CRH infusion.
Detection and correction of silent data corruption for large-scale high-performance computing

Faults have become the norm rather than the exception for high-end computing clusters. Exacerbating this situation, some of these faults remain undetected, manifesting themselves as silent errors that allow applications to compute incorrect results. This paper studies the potential for redundancy to detect and correct soft errors in MPI message-passing applications while investigating the challenges inherent to detecting soft errors within MPI applications by providing transparent MPI redundancy. By assuming a model wherein corruption in application data manifests itself by producing differing MPI messages between replicas, we study the best suited protocols for detecting and correcting corrupted MPI messages. Using our fault injector, we observe that even a single error can have profound effects on applications by causing a cascading pattern of corruption which in most cases spreads to all other processes. Results indicate that our consistency protocols can successfully protect applications experiencing even high rates of silent data corruption.
Understanding the social web: towards defining an interdisciplinary research agenda for information systems

This paper identifies issues that must be considered by Information Systems scholars interested in helping to build a rich, interdisciplinary community to support applied research into the impact of the social web. We describe challenges and opportunities presented by the social web for Information Systems research and argue that an interdisciplinary approach may address the challenges of pursuing research questions about ephemeral social web phenomena. Through the creation of communities of practice that bring together faculty, IT professionals, and students from across academic colleges and high performance computing groups that lay a foundation for collaboration, information systems scholars may realize new opportunities for behavioral, design science, business intelligence, and IS strategy research. More importantly, through an interdisciplinary community of practice, we may inform how to develop an information systems curriculum that equips our students to participate in the growing knowledge economy.
Cultivating Leadership: The Need for Renovating Models to Higher Epistemic Cognition

More than ever before, people are reevaluating their lives and work as they search for deeper meaning. This “self-actualization” has only superficially appeared in leadership theory and research. This essay will discuss why adult development and higher levels of critical thinking in leadership is essential to effective leadership. The authors hypothesize that a “cultivated” aspect of leadership is currently lacking in leadership theory and research and is essential to leader and follower development. Additionally, the authors envision that impending organizations will necessitate more leaders with the ability to facilitate follower growth and development along these constructs.
Cycles in bipartite graphs and an application in number theory

Let G = G(A, B) be a bipartite graph with |A| = u, |B| = v, and let / be a positive integer. In this paper we prove the following result: If v ≤ u, uv ≤ n, m = |E(G)|, and m ≥ max{180/u, 20/n1/2(1+(1/l))}, then G contains a C2/. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ESTminer: a suite of programs for gene and allele identification

Summary: ESTminer is a collection of programs that use expressed sequence tag (EST) data from inbred genomes to identify unique genes within gene families. The algorithm utilizes Cap3 to perform an initial clustering of related EST sequences to produce a consensus sequence of a gene family. These consensus sequences are then used to collect all ESTs in the original EST library that are related using BLAST. A redundancy based criterion is applied to each EST to identify reliable unique gene-sequences. Using a highly inbred genome as a source of ESTs eliminates the necessity of computing covariance on each polymorphism to identify alleles of the same gene, thus making this algorithm more streamlined than other alternatives which must computationally attempt to distinguish genes from alleles. Availability: The programs were written in PERL and are freely available at http://www.soybase.org/publication_data/Nelson/ESTminer/ESTminer.html Contact: nelsonrt@iastate.edu Supplementary information: Figures and dataset can be obtained from: http://www.soybase.org/publication_data/Nelson/ESTminer/ESTminer.html
Using Perceptual Boundaries to Control Braking Actions

Flach, Smith, Dittman, & Stanard's (2003) hypothesis that a linear weighting of optical angle and expansion rate are used as a criterion for braking is evaluated in a simple driving task. The task required participants to drive from an initial stationary position to a full stop at a comfortable distance in front of a stationary obstacle. The simulated vehicle was controlled with an accelerator and a brake. Acceleration and deceleration were proportional to displacement of these controls. Results showed that people's critical actions (releasing the accelerator and initiating the brake) corresponded with a Tau criterion (constant ratio of angle and expansion rate). Time histories suggest that people were adopting non-proportional, discrete control strategies that approached time optimal, bang-bang control.
From Jay-Z to Dead Prez: Examining Representations of Black Masculinity in Mainstream Versus Underground Hip-Hop Music

The evolution of hip-hop music and culture has impacted the visibility of Black men and the Black male body. As hip-hop continues to become commercially viable, performances of Black masculinities ...
Eudaimonia, External Results, and Choosing Virtuous Actions for Themselves

Aristotle's requirement that virtuous actions be chosen for themselves is typically interpreted, in Kantian terms, as taking virtuous action to have intrinsic rather than consequentialist value. This raises problems about how to reconcile Aristotle's requirement with (a) the fact that virtuous actions typically aim at ends beyond themselves (usually benefits to others); and (b) Aristotle's apparent requirement that everything (including virtuous action) be chosen for the sake of eudaimonia. I offer an alternative interpretation, based on Aristotle's account of loving a friend for herself, according to which choosing a virtuous action for itself involves choosing it on account of those features of it that make it the kind of action it is, where these features include its intended consequences (such as the benefits it seeks to provide to others). I then suggest that Aristotle may take these consequences (including benefits to others) as contributing (and contributing non-instrumentally) to the agent's own eudaimonia, and that there is no conflict here with Aristotle's view that eudaimonia is an activity of the soul. For just as my activity of teaching is actualized in my students (provided they learn from me), so too my virtuous activity can be actualized in its beneficiaries. If this is right, then Aristotle's view is far from the Stoic (and proto-Kantian) view often attributed to him.
Deviation of the rectosigmoid colon simulating a presacral tumor: report of a case.

The rectosigmoid colon has a potential for a great deal of mobility and variation of position. This is partially due to the wide variation in length and distal attachment of the sigmoid mesocolon. When anterior or lateral deviations of the distal sigmoid and rectum are found on bariumenema examinations, the possibility of anomalous fixation of the rectosigmoid should be considered.
NOx control for stationary combustion sources

The importance of nitrogen oxides as an atmospheric pollutant has been recognized relatively recently. The past decade has, therefore, seen an intensive effort expended at identifying the major sources of nitrogen oxides, understanding the mechanisms of their formation. and developing technology for abatement of emissions from the dominant sources. The emissions from mobile sources are adequately covered elsewhere in this series. Coverage in this article will therefore be restricted to stationary sources, with extensive reference to the U.S. scene for which the pertinent data are most readily available.