cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autonomic mechanisms associated with heart rate and vasoconstrictor reserves

Hemorrhage is accompanied by baroreflex-mediated tachycardia and vasoconstriction. The difference between baseline and maximum responses is defined as the heart rate (HR) and vasoconstrictor ‘reserve’. To test the hypothesis that higher HR and vasoconstrictor reserves in subjects with high tolerance (HT) to central hypovolemia is associated with greater reserve for sympathoexcitation and vagal withdrawal compared with low tolerant (LT) subjects. R–R intervals (RRI), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), estimated stroke volume, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) designed to induce pre-syncope. Subjects with tolerance ≤60 mmHg LBNP were classified as LT (n = 22) while subjects who tolerated LBNP levels >60 mmHg were classified as HT (n = 56). Spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed via RRI-SAP down–down sequences. HR reserve in HT subjects (+52 ± 2 bpm) was twofold greater (P < 0.001) than that in LT subjects (+27 ± 3 bpm). Vasoconstrictor reserve in the HT group (+3.4 ± 0.5 pru) was greater (P = 0.04) than that of the LT group (+1.9 ± 0.3 pru). HT subjects demonstrated greater (P ≤ 0.03) BRS reserve (−14.2 ± 1.8 ms/mmHg) and MSNA reserve (+41 ± 2 bursts/min) compared with LT subjects (−7.4 ± 1.7 ms/mmHg and +26 ± 7 bursts/min). Our data support the hypothesis that greater physiological reserve capacity for tachycardia and vasoconstriction related to high tolerance to central hypovolemia is associated with greater reserves for sympathoexcitation and cardiac vagal withdrawal.
Protein kinase C activation mediates acidosis down-regulation of intestinal arginine absorption in proliferating rat crypt cells

Introduction. The small intestinal undifferentiated crypt cells and differentiated villous cells serve different physiological functions in response to various stimuli. L-Arginine is the exclusive precursor for nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis and an important nutrient for intestinal integrity during stress states. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the poorly understood intracellular signaling pathways involved in the acidosis regulation of intestinal membrane arginine absorption in the undifferentiated rat intestinal crypt IEC-6 cells. Methods. IEC-6 cells were grown to subconfluence and incubated in growth media of various pHs (pH 6.6 to pH 7.4, adjusted with 1 M HCl and/or NaHCO3), ±PKC inhibitor Chelerythrine Cl (CHEL, 0–6.6 μM), Phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) inhibitors wortmannin (0–10 μM), and LY 294004 (LY, 0–10 μM). 3H-arginine (5 μm) transport activity, arginine transporter MCAT1 mRNA levels, cellular protein kinase C (PKC) levels were measured. Data are means ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA with P < 0.05. Results. Desired extracellular pH (pH 6.6 to pH 7.4) was achieved in 6 h and remained stable. Chronic acidosis (pH 6.6, <48 h) resulted in a 48% decrease of arginine transport activity and a 60% increase in cellular phospho-PKC-pan levels, with significant increases in phospho-PKC-δ and phospho-PKC-μ isoforms but not the phospho-PKC-αβ, phospho-PKC-e, or phospho-PKC-ζ isoforms. Protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine Cl and PI-3 kinase inhibitors wormannin and LY 294004 individually blocked the acidosis-mediated reduction in arginine transport activity and MCAT1 mRNA levels. Conclusions. Protein kinase C activation is a key intracellular regulator in the signal transduction cascade involved in this acidosis-mediated reduction in membrane arginine transport activity in the undifferentiated rat intestinal epithelial cells. TABLE—ABSTRACT 9. Control + CHEL + Wormannin + LY Control 0.12 ± 0.03 0.11 ± 0.02 0.11 ± 0.03 0.09 0.04 Acidosis 0.062 ± 0.02∗ 0.13 ± 0.03 0.09 ± 0.01 0.10 ± 0.01 Unit: nmole/mg/min. ∗ P < 0.05
Gain-Assisted Large and Rapidly Responding Kerr Effect using a Room-Temperature Active Raman Gain Medium

A four-level scheme with a two-mode active Raman gain core is investigated for large and rapidly responding Kerr effect enhancement at room temperature. The new scheme is fundamentally different from the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT-)based ultraslow-wave Kerr effect enhancement scheme. It eliminates the requirement of group velocity matching and multispecies medium. It also eliminates significant probe field attenuation or distortion associated with weakly driven EIT-based schemes. We show that a probe field can acquire a large, frequency tunable, gain-assisted nonlinear phase shift and yet travel with gain-assisted propagation velocity. This raises the possibility of rapidly responding, frequency tunable nonlinear phase switching and phase gates for information science.
Results of the Guide-2 telescope testbed for the SIM Light Astrometric Observatory

The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory is to perform narrow angle astrometry to search for Earth-like planets, and global astrometry for a broad astrophysics program, for example, mapping the distribution of dark matter in the Galaxy. The new SIM Lite consists of two Michelson interferometers and one star tracking telescope. The main six-meter baseline science interferometer observes a target star and a set of reference stars. The four-meter baseline interferometer (guide-1) monitors the attitude of the instrument in the direction of a target star. The Guide-2 telescope (G2T) tracks a bright star to monitor the attitude of the instrument in the other two orthogonal directions. A testbed has been built to demonstrate star-tracking capability of the G2T concept using a new interferometric angle metrology system. In the presence of simulated 0.2 arcsecond level of expected spacecraft attitude control system perturbations, the measured star-tracking capability of the G2T testbed system is less than 43 micro-arcsecond during single narrow angle observation.
Tropospheric distributions of sulfuric acid‐water vapor aerosol nucleation rates from dimethylsulfide oxidation

[1] Tropospheric distributions of H2SO4-H2O binary nucleation rates are calculated from a 3D model with DMS chemistry. Two mechanisms are used that include and exclude an SO2-independent H2SO4 production path. In the lower troposphere, the SO2-independent path generates extra H2SO4 and, consequently, much higher aerosol nucleation rates. However, these rates are less than 10−5 particles cm−3 s−1 in most of the lower troposphere, which indicates that DMS oxidation does not lead to appreciable aerosol formation there. In the upper troposphere, binary nucleation is fairly insensitive to the mechanism differences, with both yielding rates that exceed 1 particle cm−3 s−1 in the upper tropics. These large upper tropospheric nucleation rates imply that the DMS cycle may have served as an important source of aerosols to the troposphere and stratosphere during preindustrial and volcanically-quiescent periods, or during modern periods in clean marine regions where anthropogenic SO2 and H2SO4 are relatively low.
Effects of mating experience on subsequent reproductive behaviour and sperm release in the spider Nesticodes rufipes

During a mating season, individuals encounter potential mates that have varied copulatory experiences. Such experience may influence the likelihood and nature of subsequent reproductive behaviour and sperm release within a female/male dyad. We examined the influence of an individual's sexual experience on its subsequent mating activities and that of a potential partner in a cobweb spider, Nesticodes rufipes. Our results suggest that an individual's prior sexual experience influenced its own subsequent motivation, but had little effect on that of the potential partner. For females, their prior experience decreased receptivity and increased aggressiveness towards the second male, while having little effect on the subsequent male's motivation (i.e. approach). Specific aspects of a female's initial mating experience (i.e. plug formation) did however influence the nature of subsequent copulation, which in turn influenced sperm release. For males, their prior experience decreased the latency to approach the female and increased the efficiency of pedipalp insertion, but male experience had little effect on the behaviour of the female. Our results suggest that mating experience may benefit both sexes in that (1) females that are not sperm limited may incur high costs from remating (time) and (2) males show experience-related improvement in copulatory efficiency.
Amperometric titration of -SH groups in purified clotting factors by improved method.

SummarySince the ethanol-ammoniacal amperometric method for quantitative measurement of -SH groups in proteins is susceptible to valid criticism, measurements were repeated on certain clotting proteins using the Tris buffer system. This procedure also resulted in the inability to detect -SH groups in these proteins.
Growth of Ultra-High Density 3C-SiC Nanowires via Single Source CVD

Silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures attract interest due to their applications in optoelectronic devices, sensors, and high-power/high temperature electronics. The synthesis of SiC nanowires by chemical vapor deposition using hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) as a source material on SiO2/Si substrate has been investigated. Various catalyst materials, including iron (film and nanoparticles), nickel (film and nanoparticles), and cobalt nanoparticles have been used. The growth runs have been carried out at temperatures between 900 and 1100°C under H2 as carrier gas. 3C-SiC nanowires have successfully been grown at even lower temperatures despite the lower efficiency of source decomposition at low temperatures. The SiC nanowire diameters are in the range of 8 nm to 60 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, the efficiency of nanowire growth has increased with temperature except the growth on Ni film, which has occasionally resulted in SiC flowers. Higher nanowire density at high temperatures can be attributed to more efficient decomposition of the source at higher temperatures. Further, optical properties of the nanowires have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The fabricated nanowires have also been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD).
Retrieval and Analysis of Explanted and In Situ Implants Including Bone Grafts

This article briefly explains the process of, and provides examples from, dental surgical implant device retrieval and analysis. Study results of three areas where unique and new information has been or is being published within professional journals are summarized. An analysis of past and current activities strongly supports opportunities for more in-depth investigations of explanted and postmortem-type specimens. It seems that these types of protocols will be supportive of more fully investigating the clinical applications for successful and unsuccessful outcomes of evolving tissue-engineered medical products as alternatives to some types of synthetic-origin implant devices.
New insights into epididymal biology and function

Background The epididymis performs an important role in the maturation of spermatozoa including their acquisition of progressive motility and fertilizing ability. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern these maturational events are still poorly defined. This review focuses on recent progress in our understanding of epididymal function including its development, role of the luminal microenvironment in sperm maturation, regulation and novel mechanisms the epididymis utilizes to carry out some of its functions. Methods A systematic search of Pubmed was carried out using the search term 'epididymis'. Articles that were published in the English language until the end of August 2008 and that focused on the specific topics described above were included. Additional papers cited in the primary reference were also included. Results While the majority of these findings were the result of studies in animal models, recent studies in the human epididymis are also presented including gene profiling studies to examine regionalized expression in normal epididymides as well as in those from vasectomized patients. Conclusions Significant progress has been made in our understanding of epididymal function providing new insights that ultimately could improve human health. The data also indicate that the human epididymis plays an important role in sperm maturation but has unique properties compared with animal models.
Variable sized grid cells for rapid replanning in dynamic environments

This paper presents a method for improving the runtime of an optimal heuristic path planner (A*) so that it can run repeatedly, in real-time, in a dynamic environment. This is necessary for mobile robots navigating in dynamic environments that have moving obstacles with associated costs, such as personal space around people or buffer zones around dangerous vehicles. Our approach is to modify the search space used by the A* algorithm, increasing the size of grid cells further from the robot. This approach relies on the notion that only the area closest to the robot needs to be searched carefully; areas further from the robot can be searched more coarsely. Because the planner is assumed to run repeatedly as the robot moves, the robot will always have a fine-grained path defined for its next action. We have experimentally verified in simulation that this algorithm can be run in real-time and produces paths that are comparable to full-resolution planning.
Relationship satisfaction and commitment in long-term male couples: Individual and dyadic effects

Male couples (N = 53) described their relationship history during an oral history interview, and partners also provided individual self-reports about relationship satisfaction, commitment, and quality. Although couple members were similar in satisfaction levels, they differed in commitment levels. An individual's expression of positive and negative emotions during the interview predicted both his own and his partner's current satisfaction, but predicted only his partner's satisfaction four years later. Furthermore, current and future relationship satisfaction was predicted not just by one's own, but also by one's partner's, perception of equality and attachment. In contrast, current and future commitment was predicted only by one's own perception of equality and attachment. Thus, predictors of satisfaction were both personal and interpersonal, but predictors of commitment were only personal. Separable individual- and dyadic-level processes underlie intimate relationships.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in PC12 cells during persistent stimulation by VIP and PACAP38: differential regulation by protein kinase A and protein kinase C-dependent pathways.

Abstract VIP and PACAP38 are closely related peptides that are released in the adrenal gland and sympathetic ganglia and regulate catecholamine synthesis and release. We used PC12 cells as a model system to examine receptor and second messenger pathways by which each peptide stimulates transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the level of the mRNA for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzymatic step in catecholamine synthesis. Concentration–response studies revealed that PACAP38 had both greater efficacy and potency than VIP. The specific PAC1 receptor antagonist PACAP[6–38] blocked the effects of each peptide on THmRNA content while the PACAP/VIP type II receptor antagonist (N-AC-Tyr 1 -D-Phe 2 )-GRF-(1–29)-NH 2 was without effect. At equipotent concentrations, each peptide stimulated a transient increase in TH gene transcription lasting less than 3 h. Continuous VIP treatment stimulated a transient increase in TH mRNA lasting less than 24 h. In contrast, continuous exposure to PACAP38 stimulated a stable increase in TH mRNA that persisted for 2 days in the absenceofelevated transcription, pointing to different post-transcriptional effects of the two peptides. PACAP38 alone had no effect on the magnitude of TH gene transcription or TH mRNA in A126-1B2 PKA-deficient PC12 cells. However, when combined with dexamethasone, PACAP38 produced a synergistic increase in TH mRNA in the absence of PACAP38-stimulated TH gene transcription. In contrast, VIP had no effect on either TH mRNA content or TH gene transcription in this model. PACAP38, but not VIP, stimulated PKC activity. Calphostin C antagonized the effect of PACAP38 on the persistent post-transcriptional elevation in TH mRNA. Thus, the results support the conclusion thatVIP and PACAP38 each stimulate PAC1 receptors to increase TH gene transcription through a PKA-controlled pathway, but their divergent post-transcriptional effects result at least partly from differing abilities to stimulate PKC.
Personalized recommendation in social network sites

Social network sites have experienced an explosion in both the number of users and the amount of user-contributed content in recent years. Today, millions of people visit Facebook, Twitter and the like to keep up with friends, to engage in random chatter, and to share and consume photos, news, useful tips and fun stories. Many active users of social network sites are, however, constantly troubled by information overload – there are too many other people to interact with and too much content to read. As a result, the difficulty in finding the right people and content to focus on has been identified as a key challenge for social network sites. In this thesis we seek to meet the challenge by designing three personalized recommender systems. The first system is a people recommender, which helps users find potential friends to connect with on social network sites; the second system is an information recommender, which helps users find interesting pieces of information from their online social network; the third system is a conversation recommender, which helps users find interesting conversations happening around their online social network. In designing the recommender systems, we adapt algorithms from related domains and create new algorithms. We refine these algorithms through offline data analysis. We then design and improve user interfaces of the recommender systems through participatory design. With the full recommender systems designed and implemented, we deploy these systems to real users of social network sites, and evaluate a variety of recommender algorithms online through user studies. Through these user studies we not only provide qualitative and quantitative comparisons of recommender algorithms, but also provide broader insights for designing recommender systems on social network sites.
Analysis of Time-Series Gene Expression Data: Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities

Monitoring the change in expression patterns over time provides the distinct possibility of unraveling the mechanistic drivers characterizing cellular responses. Gene arrays measuring the level of mRNA expression of thousands of genes simultaneously provide a method of high-throughput data collection necessary for obtaining the scope of data required for understanding the complexities of living organisms. Unraveling the coherent complex structures of transcriptional dynamics is the goal of a large family of computational methods aiming at upgrading the information content of time-course gene expression data. In this review, we summarize the qualitative characteristics of these approaches, discuss the main challenges that this type of complex data present, and, finally, explore the opportunities in the context of developing mechanistic models of cellular response.
Characterization of prenylated xanthones and flavanones by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) in the positive-ion mode was utilized to analyze crude ether extracts from the root bark of Maclura pomifera, a tree known to have a high content of prenylated xanthones and flavanones. Identification of three xanthones and two flavanones was based on their unique mass spectra. Under optimum conditions peaks corresponding to the [MH](+) ion and characteristic fragments for each compound were observed. (1)H NMR data were used to confirm the identities of two xanthones that had the same molecular mass and similar fragmentation patterns. Fragmentation of the analytes was achieved by application of an electrostatic potential at the entrance of the single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The optimum voltage for fragmentation was found to be related to the class of compounds analyzed and, within each class, to be dependent on the structure of the prenyl moiety. Collision-induced pathways consistent with precedent literature describing the MS characterization of similar compounds and with the observed fragmentation patterns are tentatively proposed.
Adult supraglottic capillary vascular malformation in an African-American female patient

Summary Objectives To initiate discussion about nomenclature for vascular lesions in the adult airway and to highlight issues of physician–patient race concordance and trust. Method Case report and review of literature regarding histological classification of benign vascular lesions. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue. Results The lesion was successfully removed and properly classified by histology. The patient's trust in clinicians was restored and preserved. Conclusions Laryngeal hemangiomas are most often seen in pediatric patients. If an adult presents with this lesion, it is often of the cavernous histologic type. We present a case of an African-American female patient who presented with hemopytsis and was found to have a supraglottic mass. Histopathological advances helped to clarify the diagnosis and we discuss management options. We also discuss issues of physician cultural competence and issues of physician–patient trust as they are related to the care of this patient.
Carl Thoresen: The Evolving Pioneer

This interview with Carl E. Thoresen highlights the experiences, relationships, and ideas that have influenced this pioneering psychologist throughout the past half century. His scholarly work, professional service, teaching, and mentor-ship have motivated many counseling psychologists to radically expand their areas of inquiry. He was among the first to focus counseling on observable behaviors and to apply psychological science and interventions to physical problems in medical settings. More recently, he has pioneered the study of the interface between spirituality and health. His intellectual vitality, passion for new ideas, and pioneering spirit have earned him the distinction of being included in the Legacies and Traditions series of The Counseling Psychologist.
A parallel computation network for the maximum clique problem

The maximum clique problem is to find the maximum complete subgraph of a given graph G. A computation model for large-scale maximum clique problems is proposed and was tested. A parallel algorithm based on the maximum neural network which resembles the winner-takes-all circuit is introduced which solves large-scale problems in reasonable computation time that the best known algorithms cannot solve. The maximum clique problem is first formulated as an unconstrained quadratic zero-one programming problem and is solved by minimizing the weight summation over the same partition in a newly constructed graph. >
An overview of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily.

The human genome encodes approximately 100 phosphatases that belong to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily, whose substrates range from proteins to phosphoinositides and mRNAs. The hallmark for this superfamily is the active site sequence C(X)5R, also known as the PTP signature motif. The PTPs are key regulatory components in signal transduction pathways and the importance of PTPs in the control of cellular signaling is well established. Furthermore, there are compelling reasons to believe that PTP inhibitors may serve as novel medicinal agents for the treatment of various diseases. Based on structure and substrate specificity, the PTP super-family is divided into four distinct subfamilies: 1) pTyr specific PTPs, 2) dual specificity phosphatases, 3) Cdc25 phosphatases, and 4) LMW PTPs. The PTPs have similar core structures made of a central parallel β- sheet with flanking α-helices containing a β-loop-α loop that encompasses the PTP signature motif. Not surprisingly, they employ a common chemical mechanism for phosphate hydrolysis despite the differences in substrate specificity. Despite the conserved structural and catalytic properties, there are also sufficient differences in the active site pockets and its immediate surrounding environment among different PTPs. Further structural and mechanistic study will continue to be of considerable importance, providing a solid basis for inhibitor design.
Encoding strategy for maximum noise tolerance bidirectional associative memory

In this paper, the basic bidirectional associative memory (BAM) is extended by choosing weights in the correlation matrix, for a given set of training pairs, which result in a maximum noise tolerance set for BAM. We prove that for a given set of training pairs, the maximum noise tolerance set is the largest, in the sense that this optimized BAM will recall the correct training pair if any input pattern is within the maximum noise tolerance set and at least one pattern outside the maximum noise tolerance set by one Hamming distance will not converge to the correct training pair. This maximum tolerance set is the union of the maximum basins of attraction. A standard genetic algorithm (GA) is used to calculate the weights to maximize the objective function which generates a maximum tolerance set for BAM. Computer simulations are presented to illustrate the error correction and fault tolerance properties of the optimized BAM.
The effect of strain rate on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in acetylene diffusion flames

Abstract Acetylene is a ubiquitous combustion intermediate that is also believed to be the major precursor for aromatic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and soot formation in both hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon flames. However, in spite of its important role as a flame intermediate, the detailed chemical structures of acetylene diffusion flames have not been studied in the past. Here the detailed chemical structures of counterflow diffusion flames of acetylene at strain rates of 37.7 and 50.3 s −1 are presented. Both flames possessed the same carbon density of 0.37 g/L corresponding to an acetylene mole fraction of 0.375 in argon on the fuel side, and an oxygen mole fraction of 0.22 in argon on the oxidizer side. Concentration profiles of a large number of major, minor, and trace species, including a wide spectrum of aromatics and PAH, have been determined by direct sampling from flames using a heated quartz microprobe coupled to an online gas chromatograph/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). Temperature profiles were made using a thermocouple and the rapid insertion technique. Although the major species concentrations were nearly the same in the two flames, the mole fraction profiles of trace combustion by-products were significantly lower in the higher-strain-rate flame, by nearly two orders of magnitude for PAH. These comparative results provide new information on the trace chemistries of acetylene flames and should be useful for the development and validation of detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms describing the formation of toxic by-products in the combustion of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons.
Quality control and the identification of vaccine responders using ELISA-derived antibody data.

First vaccines are traditionally licensed after showing favourable results from phase III efficacy trials. Subsequent competing vaccines, however, have been licensed primarily on the basis of immunogenicity data rather than clinical efficacy. Focusing on pneumococcal vaccines where optical densities are measured and serum antibody concentrations are 'estimated' (from a statistical model) using an immunoglobulin (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the focus of this paper will centre on two highly related issues: the determination of an upper limit for quality control used in the assay methodology (let us call it the maximum tolerated limit or MTL) and the identification of vaccine responders. The goal is to show that these two issues are inter-related, so that investigators could reduce misclassification which would interfere with the eventual comparison of immunogenicity results.
Macaques with rapid disease progression and simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis have a unique cytokine profile in peripheral lymphoid tissues.

The influence of host cytokine response on viral load, disease progression, and neurologic lesions was investigated in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model of AIDS. Cytokine gene expression (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, gamma interferon [IFN-γ], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and viral loads were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR in lymph nodes of 5 control animals and 28 animals infected with SIVmac251 at the terminal stages of AIDS. Infected animals showed higher expression of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNAs compared with controls. Levels of all cytokines were comparable between animals with rapid (survival, 200 days) disease progression. However, among rapid progressors, the eight animals with SIV encephalitis had a unique cytokine profile (increased IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ) that was associated with higher viral loads. These observations provide evidence that host cytokine responses may influence SIV neuropathogenesis independent of disease progression.
A Little Gene with Big Effects: a serT Mutant Is Defective in flgM Gene Translation

A conditional-lethal mutant was isolated as having a flagellar regulatory phenotype at 30°C and being unable to grow at 42°C. Chromosomal mapping localized the mutation to the serT gene, which encodes an essential serine tRNA species (). DNA sequence analysis revealed the mutation to be a single base change in G:A at position 10 of the serT gene that lies within the D-stem of the essential species. recognizes UCA, UCG, and UCU codons, but UCU is also recognized by and UCG by . No other tRNAs are known to read the UCA codon. Thus, the UCA codon is specifically recognized by . We show that the anti-σ28 activity of FlgM is defective in the serT mutant strain. The serT allele causes a 10-fold increase in σ28-dependent fliC promoter transcription, indicating a defect in FlgM anti-σ28 activity in the presence of the serT mutation. The flgM gene contains only one UCA codon. Changing the UCA of flgM to ACG reversed the effect of the serT allele. Implications for context effects in regulation of gene expression are discussed.
Voorhees Hall: Rutgers' First Modern Library

The year 2003 marked the 100th anniversary of the dedication of Voorhees Hall, Rutgers' first purpose-built library. Originally known as the Ralph Voorhees Library, Voorhees Hall served as the school's main library from 1903 until the Archibald S. Alexander Library opened in 1956. Voorhees Hall can be seen as a case study of the "transitional" library of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a time when architects and librarians began to work together to design library buildings. Libraries built during this period incorporated the functionality of modern academic library buildings with the monumentality and grace of the book halls of the past. In a broader sense, the history of the Ralph Voorhees Library reflects the evolution of Rutgers from college to state university, and indeed of the development of U.S. higher education in general during the first half of the twentieth century--a period when the growth and diversification of knowledge, and increasing participation in higher education, radically changed the nature of colleges and universities.
Early identification: one component of comprehensive services for at-risk children

Assumptions and practices in early identification of at-risk or high risk children are discussed from a developmental perspective. Content includes distinctions among risk categories, conceptual an...
Mid-term results of right axillary incision for the repair of a wide range of congenital cardiac defects.

Objective: We evaluated the mid-term results of the right axillary incision used for the repair of various congenital heart defects. Methods: All the patients who were operated with this incision between March 2001 and December 2007 were reviewed. There were 123 patients (median age 4.7 {0.4—19.4} years and median weight 16.6 {3.8—62} kg) undergoing atrial septal defect (ASD) closure (62), repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) (22), correction of partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) (19), and restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) (20). Additional procedures involved tricuspid valve plasty (10), mitral annuloplasty (3), reduction plasty of the aortic sinus (2), resuspension of the aortic valve cusp (2), sub aortic membrane resection (1), or reimplantation of Scimitar vein (1). The surgical technique involved peripheral (groin) and central (SVC aorta) cannulation for institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Fibrillatory arrest was used for repair of ASDs and cardioplegic arrest for repairs involving the atrioventricular valves as well as VSDs. The median CPB and aortic clamp times were 72 (35—232) and 0 (0—126) min, respectively. Results: There was no need for conversion to another approach in any patient. Early morbidity included transient paresis of left upper arm (1), stenting of SVC after repair of a sinus venosus defect (1) and revision for bleeding (1). Follow-up echo showed no residual defect in 116 patients and minor residual defects in 7 patients: tiny ASD (2), tiny VSD (1) and mitral regurgitation (4). One patient developed stenosis in the right external iliac artery used for cannulation, necessitating surgical intervention. All the patients are in excellent condition after a median follow-up of 4.1 (0.4—7.1) years. The incision healed well and the thorax and the breast showed no deformity on follow-up. Conclusions: The right axillary incision provides a quality of repair for various congenital defects similar to that obtained by using standard surgical approaches. Because of its deceitful location, and the camouflaging effect of being hidden by the resting arm, it has superior cosmetic appeal compared to conventional incisions. The incision does not interfere with subsequent development of the thorax or the breast (in case of females). # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Upper extremity CT angiography in penetrating trauma: use of 64-section multidetector CT.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility and report clinical outcomes of upper extremity computed tomographic (CT) angiography with 64-section multidetector CT technology in the evaluation of patients sustaining penetrating trauma. Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and consent was waived. All adult trauma patients who sustained penetrating trauma to the upper extremity and who underwent CT angiography based on the recommendation of the attending trauma surgeon after the initial clinical examination were included. All studies were acquired with 64-section CT technology between April 2005 and September 2007 at our level I trauma center. Two radiologists in consensus retrospectively reviewed all the CT angiograms for evidence of arterial injury. Attenuation was measured with regions of interest placed within the arterial lumen of multiple segments of the upper extremity arteries. Hospital course and disposition were determined by revie...
Goldmanite, a vanadium garnet from laguna, New Mexico

Goldmanite, Ca;;(V,Fe,Alh Si,,012, is a new garnet that occurs as a constituent of a metamorphosed uranium-vanadium deposit in the Laguna uranium mining district, about 45 miles west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The garnet is sparsely to abundantly disseminated in thin dark vanadium-rich layers in a small uranium-vanadium deposit in the Entrada Sandstone \,-ithin a few feet of the base of a thick diabase sill. Viewed in thin sec. tion, the garnet is seen to occur as minute anhedral grains and euhedral dodecahedral crystals that are embedded in vanadium clay and calcite. Goldmanite is free from impurities, dark green to brownish green, and weakly anisotropic; measured G= 3.74::1: .03, n = 1.821 :!: .001, and probable a= 12.011 A. The calculated density is 3.737. The three strongest x-ray powder pattern lines with indices and intensities are 2.688 A (420) (100),3.005 A (400) (65), and 1.607 A (642) (49).' Microchemical analysis showed: CaO 33.3, MnO 0.3, MgO 0.7, V,03 18.3, Fe203 5.4, Al,03 4.9, SiO, 36.6, sum 99.5 per cent, or:
Atmospheric Diffusion and Deposition of Particulate Matter

The physical situation considered is described by a nonhomogeneous, gravity-modified, dimensional, time-varying, convective-diffusive transport equation. This partial differential equation, subject to a nonhomogeneous boundary condition and source term, was solved analytically by integral transforms for a third type (Monin) boundary condition which describes the total flux of particles at the earth boundary. By applying the transform kernels provided, the analytical solutions to the cases of first (Dirichlet) or second (Neumann) type boundary conditions may be obtained directly from the general, modular solution presented. The inclusion of the particle flux boundary condition is a significant improvement over previous three-dimensional studies which either assumed infinite geometry in all three dimensions thus avoiding complicating boundary conditions or used “tilting plume” techniques (corrections applied to gaseous no-deposit solutions) which do not properly represent the concurrent processes of diffusive spread and settling.
Abstract 232: Cancer stem cells and cisplatin.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Introduction: Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent, which has resulted in higher overall response rates when combined with 5-FU or taxane combinations in treating squamous cellular carcinoma of the head and neck. However, HNSCC tumor response rates to cisplatin range from 20-30%, a major clinical hurdle today. To address this issue thoroughly, we investigated the resistance to cisplatin in HNSCC under the purview of the cancer stem cell hypothesis, using the widely studied CSC marker combinations of, CD44+ 24- and ALDH-Hi. In order to get a broader perspective on this issue, we worked on multiple HNSCC tumor cell lines with varying degrees of cisplatin resistance, arising from tumors of the pharynx, larynx, tongue, tonsils, alveolus, hypopharynx and supraglottis. Methods: Seven HNSCC cell lines were analyzed for their CSC percentage through FACS, utilizing CD44+ 24- and ALDH-Hi marker systems. Cisplatin IC-50 for each of these seven cell lines was then determined by plotting percent viability vs. drug concentration curves. The remaining viable cells after cisplatin treatment were then analyzed through FACS for their CD44+ 24- and ALDH-Hi percentages in order to compare with the CSC percentage in the untreated HNSCC lines. Results: There was a wide variation in the percentages of CD44+24- and ALDH-Hi cells across these seven HNSCC lines. An inverse correlation between the initial percentages of CD44+24- and ALDH-Hi cells and the corresponding cisplatin IC-50 values was seen. HNSCC cell lines that had lower IC-50 values for cisplatin displayed greater cell viability at higher concentrations of cisplatin. This was evident by a long tail in the sigmoidal dose response curve. The number of viable cells at the end of cisplatin treatment had a linear relationship with the overall percentage of CSCs in the control untreated cell lines. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the resistance offered by the CD44+24- and ALDH1-Hi cells is apparent only once the initial 50% loss of cells occurs. This in vitro biphasic decline in percent viable cells clearly indicates that HNSCC cisplatin resistance is a twofold problem. The bulk of non-cancer stem cells within a tumor can acquire resistance to cisplatin via multiple molecular pathways, but this is only a front line cover of resistance to the resistance offered by the cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Vishnu Modur. Cancer stem cells and cisplatin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-232
Patterns and trends in accidental poisoning death rates in the US, 1979-2014.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine US accidental poisoning death rates by demographic and geographic factors from 1979 to 2014, including High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas. METHODS: Crude and age-adjusted death rates were formed for age group, race, sex, and county for accidental poisonings (ICD 9th revision: E850-E869; ICD 10th revision: X40-X49) from 1979 to 2014 using the Mortality and Population Data System housed at the University of Pittsburgh. Rate ratios were calculated comparing rates from 2014 to 1979, overall, by sex, age group, race, and county. Joinpoint regression detected changes in trends and calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) as a summary measure of trend. RESULTS: Drug poisoning mortality rates have risen an average of 6% per year since 1979. Increases are occurring in all ages 15+, and in all race-sex groups. HIDTA counties with the highest mortality rates were in Appalachia and New Mexico. Many of the HIDTA border counties had lower rates of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The drug poisoning mortality epidemic is continuing to grow. While HIDTA resources are appropriately targeted at many areas in the US most affected, rates are also rapidly rising in some non-HIDTA areas.Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. Language: en
A noninvasive comparative study of myocardial strains in ischemic canine hearts using tagged MRI in 3-D

Regional reduction in myocardial function has long been utilized for noninvasive detection and localization of ischemic regions in the left ventricle. In this study, we compared the ability of 13 d...
Hypnotherapy: a cyberphysiologic strategy in pain management.

This article reviews the types of self-regulation training that are helpful in pediatric pain problems, important considerations in deciding whether to offer such training to children with pain, examples of specific approaches, and the importance of providing chronically ill children such tools to enhance their perceptions of coping and mastery.
On the Rag on Screen: Menarche in Film and Television

The purpose of this essay is to examine film and television representations of menarche from a critical, feminist perspective. A close analysis of scenes about menarche in 3 films and 4 television programs reveals implicit ideological messages of gender difference and gender stereotypes. Although these scenes appear to be positive and powerful challenges to menstrual communication taboos, they ultimately serve to reinforce media stereotypes of gender difference.
Methodological Expectations for Studies Using Computer Simulation

Simulation is often used in papers and studies across diverse fields like logistics, supply chains, health care, manufacturing, and defense. But simulations must be properly done, including input and model building, designing/analyzing the simulations, and model verification/validation. Unfortunately, simulation studies are not always done well, even though great effort could have gone into the model building and coding. This paper specifies, in brief outline, what authors and researchers need to do, when using simulation as a main tool, to build a convincing case for their findings and conclusions. Considerations on the input side of the model are enumerated, including specification of input distributions and processes; nonstationarity; random-number generation; and generating realizations of random variables and random processes. On the output side are issues of statistical analysis of simulation output; comparison, selection, and ranking of simulated scenarios; variance reduction; and optimum seeking. Involving matters on both the input and output sides are the essential activities of verification and validation. The intent is to establish expectations on what acceptable papers need to do if using simulation, and to serve as a guideline to applied simulation studies. Such papers and studies will then be more valid, more precise, more useful, and ultimately more convincing.
DITTO - a tool for identification of patient cohorts from the text of physician notes in the electronic medical record.

A number of important applications in medicine and biomedical research, including quality of care surveillance and identification of prospective study subjects, require identification of large cohorts of patients with a specific diagnosis. Currently used methods are either labor-intensive or imprecise. We have therefore designed DITTO – a tool for identification of patients with a documented specific diagnosis through analysis of the text of physician notes in the electronic medical record. Evaluation of DITTO on the example of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and overweight has shown it to be rapid and highly accurate. DITTO processed 1.7×105 notes/hr with sensitivity ranging from 74 to 96%, and specificity from 86 to 100%. Its accuracy substantially exceeded the performance of currently used techniques for each of the three diseases. DITTO can be adapted for use in another healthcare facility or to detect a different diagnosis. DITTO is an important advancement in the field, and we plan to continue to work to enhance its functionality and performance.
The ‘Complete’ Model with a Wealth Effect

The final version of the synthesis model which we consider introduces the wealth effect. It differs from the real balance effect model in Section 6.1 in an important respect. In that model the only form in which wealth could be held was money. Once the demand for money is interest elastic, the former treatment is no longer sufficient, for the model includes bonds. It is important to stress that the inclusion of bonds as part of wealth is not arbitrary, but logically necessary. If the demand for money is interest elastic, then there are bonds in the system and these bonds are part of wealth; if the demand for money is not interest elastic, then one is back to the naive ‘classical’ model of Chapter 5.
Harvesting Vibration Energy

Vibration is one of the most common mechanical agitations in our living environment, ranging from human motions, automobiles, machines and even water waves. Harvesting energy from vibrations to power up electronic devices can be beneficial for health care, infrastructure monitoring, environmental protection and security. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of vibrational energy harvesting are limited to transductions based on piezoelectric effect, electromagnetic effect, electrostatic effect and magnetostrictive effect. All of the mechanisms require energy harvesting devices to operate at or within a very narrow range around resonance frequency. However, majority of the ambient vibrations have a wide distribution of frequency spectrum, which may even drift over time, making the conventional mechanisms unsuitable under most circumstances. This chapter presents the approaches that have been developed using TENG for harvesting vibration energy with examples demonstrated based on machine vibration, human activities and sound waves. The major technical approach is using the contact-separation mode TENG. A highlight is about harvesting of sound wave energy using TENG, which is rather challenging to be fulfilled by other techniques.