cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spawning and larval husbandry of flounder (Paralichthys woolmani) and pacific yellowtail (Seriola mazatlana), new candidate species for aquaculture

Copyright (c) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. This paper describes the spawning and larval rearing of a new species of flounder (Paralichthys woolmani) and Pacific yellowtail (Seriola mazatlana) for aquaculture in Ecuador. Experimental production of these species has been conducted for the first time from eggs in captivity. Broodstock flounder were conditioned to spawn through temperature manipulation. Pacific yellowtail spawned under natural environmental conditions. Production of flounder fingerlings has been steady but survival rates remain low (3-8%). Survivals ranging from 0-70% were achieved throughout larval rearing of Seriola, however, high mortalities caused by diseases, cannibalism and weaning onto artificial diets during and after metamorphosis reduced the average survival rates through the juvenile stage to less than 1%. Epizootics of epitheliocystis and Vibrio alginolyticus have repeatedly occurred during the early developmental stages and remain the bottleneck to sustainable mass production of S. mazatlana and P. woolmani fingerlings. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
TH‐C‐224C‐03: EUCLID: A New Outcome Analysis Tool for High‐Dimensional Clinical Studies

Purpose: To develop a clinical outcome statistical analysis tool available for clinicians and researchers to perform univariate and multivariate analysis of a clinical study with a possibly large number of clinical, biological, physiological and dose‐volume variables. Method and Materials: The program was developed using the MATLAB software. The bases for this work were laid out in the DREXLER software, developed at Washington University. New functions were added, including data histogramming and equivalent doses calculations (EUD, gEUD, BED), as well as the possibility to apply a threshold on variables to select a subset of patients. A new user interface was developed with the goal of allowing easy manipulation and analyzing of large clinical studies along with the graphical and tabular reporting of outcomes and correlations with useful statistical information.Results: EUCLID provides a user‐friendly graphical interface that allows several aspects of the analysis at the same time, using several windows. The input data can include for every patient an unlimited number of clinical, biological, physiological variables, outcomes and dose‐volume histogram (DVH) points. The univariate analysis includes plotting and histogramming the variables individually. If survival time is available, the Kaplan‐Meier method is used to calculate the survival curve. The multivariate analysis allows the user to show a map of correlation coefficients between all possible pairs of variables. The user may also perform a logistic regression analysis to use clinical and DVH variables to predict an outcome. The predictive power of the model can be visualized on a cumulative probability histogram, contour plot, octile plot or Receiver‐Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. If DVH data are present, the DVH can be displayed, and the TCP, NTCP and equivalent doses can be analyzed.Conclusion: EUCLID is a powerful, user‐friendly tool that allows researchers to quickly obtain a complete statistical analysis of potentially large clinical studies.
A QUANTUM MECHANICAL INTRODUCTION OF TWO REVIEWS OF LEAR ON IRONY

(2012). A Quantum Mechanical Introduction of Two Reviews of Lear on Irony. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 955-958.
Developmental changes in the expression of GABAA receptor subunits α1, α2, and α3 in brain stem nuclei of rats

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunit switching is a suggested postnatal mechanism for changes in GABA transmission from depolarization to hyperpolarization. Previously, we found an apparent switch between GABAA α3 and α1 subunit expression in the rat pre-Botzinger complex (PBC) on postnatal day (P) 12, a presumed peak critical period of respiratory nuclei development. The present study aimed at determining if GABAA subunit switching occurred in another respiratory nucleus, the ventrolateral subnucleus of the solitary tract nucleus (NTSVL), and in a non-respiratory cuneate nucleus (CN) of P0 to P21 rats. In both nuclei: (1) the expression of GABAA α1 subunit was relatively low at birth but increased with development; (2) that of GABAA α3 was relatively high at birth but declined with age; and (3) GABAA α2 remained relatively low and constant throughout development. However, the specific patterns differed between the two nuclei, but were similar between the NTSVL and the PBC. In the NTSVL, GABAA α1 expression gradually increased from birth and peaked at P12, whereas that in the CN sharply rose from P7 and peaked at P10. GABAA α3 expression had a prominent decrease from P11 to P12 in the NTSVL, whereas that in the CN only gradually declined from P10 to P12. The developmental trends of α1 and α3 in the NTSVL intersected close to P12, whereas those in the CN intersected at P10. Despite differences in timing, GABAA α subunit switching may be a common theme in the brain stem that may mediate different functional properties of GABA transmission.
Comparison of the Frontier Distributed Database Caching System to NoSQL Databases

One of the main attractions of non-relational "NoSQL" databases is their ability to scale to large numbers of readers, including readers spread over a wide area. The Frontier distributed database caching system, used in production by the Large Hadron Collider CMS and ATLAS detector projects for Conditions data, is based on traditional SQL databases but also adds high scalability and the ability to be distributed over a wide-area for an important subset of applications. This paper compares the major characteristics of the two different approaches and identifies the criteria for choosing which approach to prefer over the other. It also compares in some detail the NoSQL databases used by CMS and ATLAS: MongoDB, CouchDB, HBase, and Cassandra.
Single-cell analyses of CD4+ T cells from αβ T cell receptor-transgenic mice: a distinct mucosal cytokine phenotype in the absence of transgene-specific antigen

Development of distinct CD4+ T cell cytokine phenotypes may be conditioned by the anatomic site in which activation occurs. A double-label in situ hybridization technique was used to characterize co-expression of cytokine mRNA in antigen-specific responses of Peyer's patch (PP), lamina propria (LP), and splenic (SP) CD4+ T cells isolated from alpha beta T cell receptor-transgenic mice. Interleukin (IL)-2 was the dominant cytokine expressed by antigen-stimulated PP and SP populations, though it was expressed by a minority of the activated T cells. Cells that expressed interferon (IFN)-gamma were less frequent, and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were infrequent. In contrast, cells that expressed IFN-gamma or IL-10 were most frequent in the LP population, with lower frequencies of IL-2, and few IL-4- and IL-5-positive cells. Co-expression of two cytokines by the same cell was the exception, regardless of the anatomic site from which the T cells were isolated. The surface phenotype of transgene-positive T cells isolated from each anatomic site was distinct, despite the absence of in vivo exposure to antigen for which the transgenic T cell receptor is specific. These data suggest that the cytokine responses of CD4+ T cells may be conditioned by the microenvironment, independently of specific antigen, and that the LP CD4+ T population has a distinct cytokine expression pattern with counter-regulatory properties that may be important for homeostasis in mucosal immune tissues.
Comparative ecophysiology of five species of Sedum (Crassulaceae) under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions

Gas exchange patterns, diurnal malic acid fluctuations, and stable carbon isotope ratios of five species of Sedum were investigated to assess the ecophysiological characteristics of three different photosynthetic pathways under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. All five species have succulent leaves and stems and were examined under identical environmental conditions. When well-watered, Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) Nels. and S. ternatum Michx. displayed C3 photosynthesis, S. telephioides Michx. and S. nuttallianum Raf. exhibited CAM-cycling, and S. wrightii A. Gray showed CAM. When grown under a less frequent watering regime, S. integrifolium and S. ternatum exhibited CAM-cycling, whereas S. telephioides and S. nuttallianum displayed CAM-cycling simultaneously with low-level CAM. Sedum wrightii retained its CAM mode of photosynthesis. In general, leaf δ13C values reflected these variations in photosynthetic pathways. While all values of water-use efficiency (WUE) were greater than those reported for most C3 and C4 species, no correlation of malic acid accumulation in the CAM and CAM-cycling (including low-level CAM) species with increased WUE was found. Sedum wrightii (CAM) had the highest WUE value at night, yet its 24-h WUE was not different from S. ternatum when the latter was in the C3 mode. Thus, relative water-use efficiencies of these species of Sedum were not predictable based on photosynthetic pathways alone.
Correlation of inhibition of platelet aggregation by phenothiazines and local anesthetics with their effects on a phospholipid bilayer

Abstract Phase separation in phospholipid bilayers produced by amantidine derivatives was previously shown to correlate with the inhibition of platelet aggregation. Using differential scanning caloriometry we studied five local anesthetics and eight phenothiazines to further test the hypothesis that a drug-induced formation of border domains between gel and liquid crystalline regions in the platelet membrane led to decreased platelet aggregation. A good correlation r = 0.79 (p
FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY OF SOLID AR AND KR UNDER HIGH COMPRESSION

We have performed first-principles total energy calculations for solid Ar and Kr to study phase transitions under high pressure. We used relativistic, nonlocal, norm-conserving pseudopotentials with a plane wave basis in solving the Kohn-Sham equations within the local density approximation for fcc, hcp, and bcc structures of Ar and Kr. Within the volume range we have studied (V/${\mathit{V}}_{0}$ = 1.0 to 0.1, where ${\mathit{V}}_{0}$ is the observed volume at 1 atm and 0 K), both Ar and Kr undergo a phase transition from the fcc to the hcp structure at pressures of about 220 and 130 GPa, respectively, and the insulator-metal transition should occur around 510 GPa (Ar) and 310 GPa (Kr) in the hcp phase.
Decyphering the Motives for Equity Carve-Outs

I analyze 181 equity carve-outs to determine whether the transactions are motivated by potential efficiency improvements or by an opportunity to sell overvalued equity. Carve-out operating performance peaks at issue, declining significantly thereafter. Parents sell a greater percentage of shares when subsequent performance is poor. A negative relation also exists between long-term excess returns and the percentage of shares sold. If subsequent performance is correlated with the degree to which parent managers believe carve-out subsidiaries are over- or undervalued, results imply that many carve-outs are conducted, not for classic efficiency improvement reasons, but to sell potentially overvalued equity.
Stacking of weakly cationic compounds by acetonitrile for capillary electrophoresis

Abstract The inclusion of acetonitrile in the sample causes stacking especially in presence of sodium chloride. It is shown here that the type of the separation buffer and the conditions for the stacking of cationic versus anionic compounds are quite different. Anionic compounds stacked better in high ionic strength inorganic buffers such as borate and phosphate, while the cationic drugs and endogenous substances stacked better in amine and zwitterionic buffers. About 10–20% of the capillary volume can be loaded with sample. Shielding against the negative charges of the silica is a critical factor in stacking of the cationic compounds by the acetonitrile in the sample. The ionic strength of the separation buffer and the addition of organic modifiers affected the stacking to a limited extent.
Is deep vein thrombosis a good proxy for pulmonary embolus

It is assumed that prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is likely to lead to a reduction in the incidence of pulmonary embolus (PE). This study examines the association between symptomatic DVT and PE in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures. We reviewed medical records of 1495 patients who underwent evaluation for DVT or PE within 90 days of an index orthopedic procedure at our institution between 2004 and 2008. Only 27 cases were positive for both DVT and PE (1.7% of the total cohort, 10.8% of cases scanned for both DVT and PE). Tests of association, performed across the entire cohort and within specific subsets of patients, did not demonstrate that patients were more likely to have both DVT and PE than to have either DVT or PE. The high association between DVT and PE that is assumed to exist does not seem to hold true for orthopedic surgery patients.
Nutrition and lead: strategies for public health.

Over the past two decades, blood lead levels among U.S. children have been reduced by approximately 80%. This decline reflects both primary interventions (removal of lead solder form food beverage cans and virtual elimination of lead additives form gasoline) and secondary prevention strategies (public health programs and nutritional intervention). Nonetheless, pediatric lead poisoning (i.e., blood lead concentrations {ge} 10 {mu}g/dl) continues to occur in 8.9% of 1- to 5-year-old children. Currently, blood lead concentrations exceed the U.S. Centers for Disease Control`s targeted value (10 {mu}g/dl), most often among minority and low-income populations. These same subpopulations are at greatest risk of marginal nutrition status (especially for iron and calcium), which increases their susceptibility to lead toxicity. Adverse child feeding practices (e.g., irregular temporal patterns of food intake) are also of concern among the subpopulations at highest risk to excessive lead from external or environmental dose to internal dose as reflected by blood lead concentration. 60 refs.
Semantic encoding and the stimulus prefix effect

Span-length strings of letters, digits, or categorized words were presented for immediate recall, and, except for control strings, were prefixed by a single irrelevant and redundant element. The conceptual similarity of the prefix to the memory items was the independent variable of interest. It was found that letter prefixes were most disruptive of the recall of letter strings, as were digit prefixes of digit strings, and same-category word prefixes of word strings. Encoding of the irrelevant stimulus prefix appears to be obligatory; both semantic and nonsemantic features of the prefix can contact memory.
Characterization of the rRNA-encoding genes and transcripts, and a group-I self-splicing intron in Pneumocystis carinii.

Abstract Although Pneumocystis carinii is the most common opportunistic pathogen infecting individuals with AIDS, very little is known of the basic biology of the organism. We have examined the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the DNA encoding it (rDNA) in P. carinii in an attempt to clarify its taxonomic position and to begin to study its genetic processes. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the sizes of the P. carinii rRNAs are quite similar to the sizes of the corresponding rRNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Direct sequence analysis of approx. 60% of the 18S small subunit-rRNA (Ss-rRNA) confirmed that its sequence is similar to that of yeast-like fungi and that a putative group-I intron previously observed in the 18S rDNA is, in fact, excised from the mature rRNA. PCR analysis of the intron in P. carinii genomic DNA showed that each of the multiple rDNA genes bears the group-I intron and in vitro transcripts of the intron autocatalytically excise from the rRNA primary transcript in the presence of GTP. Finally, analogues of GTP inhibit the self-splicing reaction, indicating that the guano sine-binding site of the intron closely resembles that of other well-characterized group-I introns. Since no group-I introns have been found in higher eukaryotes, this self-splicing process represents a viable target for chemotherapy of P. carinii pneumonia (PCP).
Phase behavior of PMMA–phenoxy blends

Les mesures de Tg en fonction de la composition montre que le PMMA est miscible avec le polyhydroxyether du bisphenol A (-Ph-C(Me) 2 -Ph-O-CH 2 -CHOH-CH 2 O−) n . On observe une separation de phase par chauffage a partir de 285 o C en raison d'une LCST
An oil fraction from edible beef tallow as a constituent of whey-soy drink mix

In order to increase its potential as a food ingredient, an oil fraction derived from a commercial edible beef tallow was substituted for soybean oil in a formulation designed to yield a spray-dried free-flowing powder readily reconstitutable with water to yield a nutritious beverage. If desired, the beverage powder could be fortified with a vitamin-mineral premix containing iron. After 6 months of storage at 37 C, no significant difference in flavor score was observed between samples containing the beef tallow oil fraction and control samples containing soybean oil. There was also no significant difference in flavor scores received by samples containing the beef tallow oil fraction fortified with vitamins and minerals and fortified control samples. However, peroxide values were eight times greater in the unfortified control samples. The beef tallow oil fraction warrants further study as a food ingredient in engineered food systems where enhanced oxidative stability is desirable.
A prospective study of the course of Crohn's disease.

To better define the course of Crohn's disease, certain clinical, laboratory, and radiological features were studied prospectively in a representative group of 25 patients at intervals of up to 77 months. Eleven variables of potential use in assessing the course were analyzed for clinician preference, and the statistical relationship of one variable, the Crohn's disease activity index, to the other 10 was determined. Modest improvement was documented in three clinical variables, as well as in anemia, serum albumin, intestinal protein loss, and radiological extent of disease. Variables most frequently ranked high as reflections of the course of Crohn's disease were hematocrit and extent of disease, followed by body weight, stools per day, B12 absorption, serum albumin, and intestinal protein loss. The highest intervariable correlation was between improvement in protein loss and decrease in radiological extent (r=0.75).
Regimes of Dry Convection above Wildfires: Sensitivity to Fire Line Details

Abstract Fire lines are complex phenomena with a broad range of scales of cross-line dimension, undulations, and along-line variation in heating rates. While some earlier studies have examined parcel processes in two-dimensional simulations, the complexity of fire lines in nature motivates a study in which the impact of three-dimensional fire line details on parcel processes is examined systematically. This numerical modeling study aims to understand how fundamental processes identified in 2D simulations operate in 3D simulations where the fire line is neither straight nor uniform in intensity. The first step is to perform simulations in a 3D model, with no fire line undulations or inhomogeneity. In general, convective modes simulated in the 2D model are reproduced in the 3D model. In one particular case with strong vertical wind shear, new convection develops separate from the main line of convection as a result of local changes to parcel speed and heating. However, in general the processes in the 2D and...
Strain-induced crystallization of swollen, crosslinked polyethylene

The kinetics of strain-induced crystallization of swollen polyethylene networks have been measured using dynamometry coupled with optical birefringence. Fibers were prepared by gel-spinning ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene followed by crosslinking in dicumyl peroxide and swelling in xylene. Retractive force on crystallization was monitored at various temperatures and draw ratios. Fiber visualization was achieved using optical illumination coupled with video recording and digital analysis of the in situ transformation. Avrami plots of the transformation data showed good linear fits for low draw ratios in the range α < 1.2 and moderate undercoolings (60 < Tc < 70°C). Time exponents of unity were found, indicating a one-dimensional, heterogeneous growth mechanism whose temperature dependence could be described by a formalism similar to that recently used for flow-induced growth.
Natural Units for Atomic Problems

This paper deals principally with two systems of units, designated $A$ and $B$. In both, the velocity of light and the rest mass of the electron are taken as units. In $A$, the length unit is $\frac{{h}^{2}}{4{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{m}_{0}{e}^{2}}$, which is the radius of the first Bohr hydrogen orbit, in $B$, it is $\frac{h}{2\ensuremath{\pi}{m}_{0}c}$, which is ${(2\ensuremath{\pi})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ times the Compton shift in scattering at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. In each system, the choice of the above units determines the unit of charge through the equation for the Coulomb force, $f=\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}}{{r}^{2}}$. In system $A$, the electronic charge is numerically equal to the fine structure constant, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$; in system $B$, the square of the electronic charge is numerically equal to $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, and $h$ is equal to $2\ensuremath{\pi}$. It is shown that many formulas of quantum theory are greatly simplified when written in terms of system $B$; the coefficients of the Schr\"odinger and Dirac equations contain only small integers and the electronic charge. The use of these units provides a consistent scheme for simplifying the algebra associated with problems of quantum theory.
Daily movements and visual location of plant stems by Littorina irrorata (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

The daily movements of Littorina irrorata were examined. These snails move about on the substrate at low tide, and ascend plant stems on the advancing tide, thus avoiding predators. Snails released on the substrate amid plant stems, just prior to the release area being inundated by the advancing tide, moved in a relatively straight path and usually (67 %) ascended the closest plant stem. The propensity of these snails to ascend the closest stem was shown not to result from collisions resulting from snails travelling a straight path in a random direction. Field experiments involving transparent and black rods of equal size showed a significant tendency for snails to move towards black rods. These results suggest vision mediates the oriented movements of L. irrorata to plant stems in their natural habitat.
The Problem of Defining the Problem

Much of the day-to-day work of evaluators and policy analysts consists not of conducting large discrete studies but rather of conducting iterative ad hoc analyses of existing data bases. One such analysis, described here, used a variety of different data bases to estimate probable teacher shortages m math and science. Because all of these data-files on emergency certificates, records of new graduates from colleges ofeducation, and statistics on teacher vacancies-were gathered originally for other purposes, each data source required some analytic adjustments. This article describes the full set of compromises needed in order to use the data and the conclusions eventually drawn from the full array of data.
A New Approach to Peak Load Pricing

This paper explores an alternative method of ‘solving’ the problem of recurring time variable demands in a public utility context. It views the utility's load curve as a series of horizontal layers or ‘slices’ of varying lengths, rather than as a series of vertical slices as in the traditional approach. Several cases are examined, and traditional time-of-day pricing is shown to be inefficient or inapplicable in some of them, while ‘demand-layer’ pricing, based on horizontal slicing, is efficient. In still other cases, neither method of pricing is efficient.
Computation of core capacity of wireless ad hoc networks

The core capacity region of energy-limited wireless ad hoc networks is defined as the set of achievable utility vectors that cannot be blocked by any coalition of the set of nodes. The core capacity region has been previously proved to be non-empty. In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute a utility vector in the core capacity region of wireless ad hoc networks. Our algorithm has a significantly smaller computational complexity than the application of Scarf's algorithm or the polyhedral Scarf algorithm to this problem and can be used to assess the capacity of ad hoc networks that can grow from small wireless islands such as Wi-Fi hotspots to a grand wireless network in the future.
Managing context in business process management systems

Businesses need to continuously focus on change and innovation in order to survive in dynamic environments. The ability of an organization to deploy appropriate business processes requires that the fit between business processes and systems that support the management of these processes is continuously maintained and evolved. Acquisition and use of the knowledge about the context in which business processes are defined, modified, and implemented can help maintain this fit. We identify requirements for a business process management system (BPMS) capable of managing contextual knowledge. Based on these requirements, we have enhanced KOPeR, a knowledge-based system for business process improvement, with an explanation facility that can acquire and maintain knowledge about the context behind process definitions and design choices. A case study that illustrates the functionalities of this system which is designed to improve the fit between business processes and BPMS is presented.
The effects of a modest incentive on information overload in an investment analysis task

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of performance based monetary incentives on cue usage within the information overload paradigm. Participants suggested appropriate stock prices for hypothetical companies based on either six or nine non-correlated information cues. The presence of monetary incentives motivated increased response times compared to participants who did not receive incentives. This in turn resulted in higher levels of information usage than has been observed in previous studies. The results support the view that information processing capacity imposes a limit on the amount of information processed per unit of time rather than on the amount of information that can be processed in total.
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes is Related to Coronary Artery Calcium in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)

Objective: Increasing evidence suggests that macrovascular disease and retinopathy (RET) may be more closely linked than previously believed. We determined the relationship between RET and coronary atherosclerosis as measured by CT detectable coronary artery calcium (CAC). Research Design and Methods: The cross-sectional association between CAC and RET was assessed on a VADT sub-sample of 204 subjects with a mean duration of type 2 diabetes of 12.3 ± 8.3 years. Results: RET was correlated with CAC (r=0.19, p=0.006). Median CAC increased across RET categories: 197 in those with no RET, 229 with microaneurysms only, 364 with mild non-proliferative diabetic RET (NPDR), 300 with moderate to severe NPDR, and 981 in those with proliferative diabetic RET (PDR). Stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to find a parsimonious subset of relevant risk factors to include along with PDR in predicting CAC. After adjustment for either this subset of standard factors (p = 0.047) or a more extensive panel of risk factors (p = 0.035), PDR was significantly associated with CAC. Moreover, using logistic regression, individuals with PDR were approximately 6 fold more likely to have CAC > 400 compared to those with no PDR, even after adjustment for other CVD risk factors. Conclusions: These data indicate an important relationship between RET and extent of coronary atherosclerosis (CAC), and suggest the potential to identify and treat shared risk factors for these common micro- and macrovascular complications.
Radiation‐induced solid‐state polymerization of methacrylic acid. I. Crystalline transition of the monomer

The anomalous crystalline transition of methacrylic acid found by broad-line NMR measurements was studied in connection with the build-up and decay of trapped radicals. The build-up of radicals is smaller and the decay rate of the trapped radicals is faster in the low-temperature range (phase II), which gave the narrower maximum slope distance ΔHmsl of the NMR spectrum, than those in the higher temperature range (phase I), which gave the broader ΔHmsl. From these experiments it was concluded that in phase I the crystals have a more closely packed structure, resulting in a more rigid matrix for the trapped radicals than those in phase II. This interpretation is consistent with the temperature dependence of the ESR spectrum of the trapped propagating radicals previously reported. The existence of the crystalline transition was also confirmed by DSC measurements, and the effects of the crystallization conditions on the transition were investigated and were discussed with reference to the results of broad line NMR measurements.
Fast sliding thin slab volume visualization

We present a method for fast rendering of a thin slab bounded by a set of clipping planes oriented perpendicular to the viewing direction. Our implementation allows the user to specify the view direction, slab thickness and slab position within the volume and performs either classical volume rendering or maximum intensity projection. The system can either render single slabs or a sequence of slabs that overlap and traverse the volume perpendicular to the viewing direction. This rapid rendering of geometrically segmented portions of the volume allows the user to explore the volume data or focus on a region or subvolume of interest. The rendering time for a thin slab with a thickness of approximately 4-5 times that of acquired sections, within a 256/sup 2//spl times/167 data set, is 0.6 seconds when averaged over a range of viewing angles. The renderings are performed on an SGI Indigo 2 workstation without graphics accelerators.
Mint3/X11γ Is an ADP-Ribosylation Factor-dependent Adaptor that Regulates the Traffic of the Alzheimer's Precursor Protein from the Trans-Golgi Network

Beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) are the major component of plaques in brains of Alzheimer's patients, and are they derived from the proteolytic processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). The movement of APP between organelles is highly regulated, and it is tightly connected to its processing by secretases. We proposed previously that transport of APP within the cell is mediated in part through its sorting into Mint/X11-containing carriers. To test our hypothesis, we purified APP-containing vesicles from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and we showed that Mint2/3 are specifically enriched and that Mint3 and APP are present in the same vesicles. Increasing cellular APP levels increased the amounts of both APP and Mint3 in purified vesicles. Additional evidence supporting an obligate role for Mint3 in traffic of APP from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane include the observations that depletion of Mint3 by small interference RNA (siRNA) or mutation of the Mint binding domain of APP changes the export route of APP from the basolateral to the endosomal/lysosomal sorting route. Finally, we show that increased expression of Mint3 decreased and siRNA-mediated knockdowns increased the secretion of the neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide, Abeta(1-40). Together, our data implicate Mint3 activity as a critical determinant of post-Golgi APP traffic.
Collaborative Literacy Activity in Print-Enriched Play Centers: Exploring the "Zone" in Same-Age and Multi-Age Groupings.

This study describes the collaborative literacy activity that occurred in one teacher's sociodramatic play center in two situations: when she taught a multi-age (k-2) class and a year later when sh...
Deletions in the Putative Cell Receptor-Binding Domain of Sindbis Virus Strain MRE16 E2 Glycoprotein Reduce Midgut Infectivity in Aedes aegypti

The Sindbis virus (Alphavirus; Togaviridae) strain MRE16 efficiently infects Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that ingest a blood meal containing 8 to 9 log(10) PFU of virus/ml. However, a small-plaque variant of this virus, MRE16sp, poorly infects mosquitoes after oral infection with an equivalent titer. To determine the genetic differences between MRE16 and MRE16sp viruses, we have sequenced the MRE16sp structural genes and found a 90-nucleotide deletion in the E2 glycoprotein that spans the 3' end of the coding region for the putative cell-receptor binding domain (CRBD). We examined the role of this deletion in oral infection of mosquitoes by constructing infectious clones pMRE16icDeltaE200-Y229 and pMRE16ic, representing MRE16 virus genomes with and without the deletion, respectively. A third infectious clone, pMRE16icDeltaE200-C220, was also constructed that contained a smaller deletion extending only to the 3' terminus of the CRBD coding region. Virus derived from pMRE16ic replicated with the same efficiency as parental virus in vertebrate (BHK-21) and mosquito (C6/36) cells and orally infected A. aegypti. Viruses derived from pMRE16icDeltaE200-Y229 and pMRE16icDeltaE200-C220 replicated 10- to 100-fold less efficiently in C6/36 and BHK-21 cells than did MRE16ic virus. Each deletion mutant poorly infected A. aegypti and dramatically reduced midgut infectivity and dissemination. However, all viruses generated nearly equal titers (approximately 6.0 log(10) PFU/ml) in mosquitoes 4 days after infection by intrathoracic inoculation. These results suggest that the deleted portion of the E2 CRBD represents an important determinant of MRE16 virus midgut infectivity in A. aegypti.
Empirically Supported Treatments in Rural Community Mental Health Centers: A Preliminary Report on Current Utilization and Attitudes Toward Adoption

Rural community mental health centers (CMHCs) face numerous problems that might be alleviated by the dissemination of empirically supported treatments (ESTs). The current study lays the groundwork for EST dissemination by examining current treatment practices in rural clinics as well as the attitudes of decision makers toward ESTs and perceived barriers to their adoption. Twenty-five rural and 38 non-rural clinical directors responded to a mailed survey. Rural respondents were as likely as non-rural respondents to report EST use in their clinic for most anxiety disorders, and more likely to report use of an EST for major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, ESTs represent a relatively small proportion of the treatments reported for depression and anxiety disorders. Attitudes toward manualized ESTs did not differ between groups. Further, rural and nonrural clinics did not see the barriers to the adoption of ESTs as insurmountable. These preliminary results suggest that rural CMHCs are open to the use of ESTs and should be included in widespread dissemination initiatives.
Making middleboxes someone else's problem: network processing as a cloud service

Modern enterprises almost ubiquitously deploy middlebox processing services to improve security and performance in their networks. Despite this, we find that today's middlebox infrastructure is expensive, complex to manage, and creates new failure modes for the networks that use them. Given the promise of cloud computing to decrease costs, ease management, and provide elasticity and fault-tolerance, we argue that middlebox processing can benefit from outsourcing the cloud. Arriving at a feasible implementation, however, is challenging due to the need to achieve functional equivalence with traditional middlebox deployments without sacrificing performance or increasing network complexity.In this paper, we motivate, design, and implement APLOMB, a practical service for outsourcing enterprise middlebox processing to the cloud.Our discussion of APLOMB is data-driven, guided by a survey of 57 enterprise networks, the first large-scale academic study of middlebox deployment. We show that APLOMB solves real problems faced by network administrators, can outsource over 90% of middlebox hardware in a typical large enterprise network, and, in a case study of a real enterprise, imposes an average latency penalty of 1.1ms and median bandwidth inflation of 3.8%.
Levels of prostaglandin F (PGF) in bovine endometrium uterine venous, ovarian arterial and jugular plasma during the estrous cycle (38789).

Prostaglandins F (PGF) were measured in uterine vein, ovarian artery, and jugular vein plasma and in the endometrial tissues at various times during the bovine estrous cycle, and were compared to peripheral plasma progesterone levels. Four groups of heifers at days 1-5, 10-14, 15-17 and 20-0 of the estrous cycle were studied. Low levels of PGF (48 plus or minus 12 ng/g dry tissue were measured in the endometrium on days 1-14 of the cycle. Higher values (131 plus or minus 9.0) were found at days 15 until the day of estrus (p less than 0.001). Similarly, very low levels of PGF were observed in the uterine vein plasma at days 1-14 (0.162) plus or minus 0.044) ng/mlM plus or minus S.E.), whereas on days 15 until the day of estrus the levels ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 ng/ml. The increases in uterine vein PGF on day 15 occurred even while peripheral plasma progesterone levels were still high. However, PGF was not elevated in either the ovarian artery or the jugular vein at any time during the cycle, even when uterine vein levels were greatly elevated. No differences in PGF content were detected in endometrial tissue from uterine horns adjacent or opposite to the functional corpus luteum.
The work-life conundrum: Will HRD become more involved?

Although the scholarly and popular literature on work-life has grown tremendously in the past several decades, and as more and more individuals and organizations grapple with work-life issues, it appears that HRD’s involvement in work-life has been modest. It is hoped that this article will serve as a catalyst for discussion and debate among HRD scholars and practitioners regarding HRD’s current and future involvement in work-life issues. Suggestions for how our profession can take a more active role in work-life research and practice are offered.
Effect of 18- to 24-hour heparin administration for prevention of restenosis after uncomplicated coronary angioplasty

Smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by intimal denudation similar to that produced by coronary angioplasty has been decreased by early and brief heparin administration in animal models. Heparin might also decrease the incidence of thrombus-induced postdenudation arterial obstruction, albiet at risk of bleeding. To evaluate the risks and benefits of heparin after coronary angioplasty, 416 patients (469 vessel sites) with successful coronary angioplasty without large dissection were randomized to heparin (titrated to paritial thromboplastin time 1.5 to 2.5 times normal) or dextrose administered for 18 to 24 hours. Patients also had recelved heparin during angioplasty (usually 10,000 to 15,000 units), and they received aspirin for a period of 6 months. Heparin and dextrose groups were not different in the percentage of patients with male sex (74% in the heparin group and 75% in the dextrose group, p = NS), postangioplasty tear or dissection (30% in the heparin group and 30% in the dextrose group, p = NS), or postangioplasty percent stenosis >35% (31% in the heparin group and 30% in the dextrose group, p = NS). Partial thromboplastin time during treatment in the heparin group was 56 ± 22 seconds and in the dextrose group 27 ± 9 seconds (p < 0.001). Late angiographic follow-up (180 ± 81 days) was achieved in 58.4% in the heparin group and 64.5% in the control group. Of patients with late angiographic follow-up, 41.2% and 36.7% randomized to heparin and dextrose, respectively, had documented restenosis (≥50% dimeter stenosis at one or more the sites dilated) (p = NS). Major bleeding or a fall in hemoglobin ≥3 gm/dl was seen in 8.2% of patients randomized to heparin and in 3.8% of patients randomized to dextrose (p = 0.09). Thus in the absence of a large dissection after successful angioplasty, heparin given for 18 to 24 hours in doses large enough to prolong clotting and produce a trend toward increased bleeding did not decrease the incidence of late restenosis.
Traditional/Restrictive vs Patient-Centered Intensive Care Unit Visitation: Perceptions of Patients’ Family Members, Physicians, and Nurses

Background Patient-centered intensive care units (ICUs) are advocated by professional organizations for critical care nursing and medicine. The patient-centered ICU paradigm recognizes the patient-family unit as inseparable and supports visitation designed to meet the needs of patients and patients' families. Objectives To understand perceptions about patient-centered ICUs among patients' family members, physicians, and nurses from 5 ICUs that had restrictive visitation and to guide development of a patient-centered, open visitation paradigm. Methods Patients' family members, nurses, and physicians from 5 ICUs with a traditional/restrictive visitation policy at a southeastern academic, tertiary care hospital were invited to participate in focus group meetings to understand perceptions about patient-centered care. All qualitative work was taped, transcribed, reviewed, and corrected after each session. Corrected transcripts and observer notes were integrated and coded. Results Patients' families identified facilitators of patient-centeredness as nurses' and physicians' communication, concern, compassion, closeness, and flexibility. However, competing roles of control over the patient's health care served as barriers to a patient-centered paradigm. Conclusions Patient-centered care is an expectation among patients, patients' families, and health quality advocates. These exploratory methods increased understanding of the powerful perceptions of family members, physicians, and nurses involved with patient care and provided direction to plan interventions to implement patient-centered, family-supportive ICU services.
Fear of In-School Victimization: Contextual, Gendered, and Developmental Considerations

This study explores gendered and age-graded effects of key theoretical predictors of fear of crime among a panel of approximately 4,000 public middle and high school students in Kentucky. Theoretically, fear of school crime is presumed to be driven by individual-level indicators of vulnerability, as well as by school-level indicators of crime/disorder and social integration. Multilevel analysis revealed little effect of school-level contextual factors, whereas the key individual-level indicators of vulnerability were quite robust in their effects across male and female students. Further analysis, however, revealed that school context in the form of school-level delinquency significantly moderated the effect of individual-level perceived risk of victimization on fear for female students especially. Results provided little evidence of age-dependent correlates. In one exception, the positive effect of perceived risk of victimization on both male and female student fear declined, as students moved from the 7th grade to the 10th grade.
Allgemeine Gleichungen der Kegelschnitte

Die Abb. 98 ist als Vertikalprojektion, als Aufris eines geraden Kreiskegels aufzufassen. Um eine bestimmte Vorstellung damit zu erbinden, nehmen wir an, die Papierebene sei die Projektionsebene, die Spitze S und die beiden ausersten Mantellinien rechts und links liegen in der Projektionsebene, so das eine Halfte des Kegels vor, die andere hinter der Papierebene zu denken ist. Diesen Kegel schneiden wir mit einer Ebene E, clie zur Papierebene senkrecht steht. Die Schnittkurve mit der Mantelflache des Kegels, der Kegelschnitt, erscheint dann in der Abbildung als die Strecke OR. In den Raum zwischen der Schnittebene und dem oberen Teil der Mantelflache zeichnen wir die groste Kugel. Sie beruhrt die Ebene in einem Punkte F und die Mantelflache in einem horizontalen Parallelkreis BG; er Hegt in einer Horizontalebene H, welche die Schnittebene E in einer Geraden l schneidet, die zur Papierebene ebenfalls senkrecht steht und ihre Projektion in dem Punkte L hat.
Dried distillers grains with solubles do not always cause late blowing in baby Swiss cheese

Late blowing in Swiss cheese, a result of unwanted gas production, is unacceptable to consumers and causes economic loss to manufacturers. Cheese processors have raised concerns that feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to cows leads to this defect, in part because of clostridial spores. We hypothesized that spores in DDGS would affect the quality of milk and baby Swiss cheese by promoting late-blowing defects. Thirty healthy multiparous and mid-lactation Holstein cows were fed total mixed ration containing DDGS (0, 10, and 20%; 10 cows per treatment group) by dietary dry matter in a 3×3 Latin square design. One complete milking from all cows within a treatment was collected and pooled for baby Swiss cheese, twice within each month of the 3-mo study. Additionally, individual milk samples from the 3 milkings of one day were collected weekly for proximate analysis. Incubation in reinforced clostridial medium-lactate medium tubes inoculated with milk, cheese, total mixed ration, or manure showed gas formation. Conversely, the DDGS used in our study did not contain gas-producing, spore-forming bacteria. Feeding 20% DDGS decreased milk fat percent and increased the solids nonfat, protein, and lactose percent of milk. After 60 d of ripening, baby Swiss cheese had typical propionic acid Swiss cheese aroma. Regardless of dietary treatment, pinholes, slits, splits, cracks, or a combination of these, were seen throughout most cheeses. Feeding of DDGS increased the amount of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and decreased short-chain and most medium-chain fatty acids in the baby Swiss cheese. Although feeding cows diets with DDGS modified milk composition, and subsequently cheese composition, DDGS was not a source for gas-producing, spore-forming bacteria or for quality defects in Swiss cheese. Rather, the gas-producing, spore-forming bacteria likely originated from the environment or the cows themselves.
"Please Read Loose": Intimate Grammars and Unexpected Languages in Contemporary Navajo Literature

Some poetry lingers; the words continue to echo long after the performance.1 Navajo poet Sherwin Bitsui’s “Chrysalis” is one such poem. I heard and recorded it numerous times during my fieldwork on the Navajo Nation during 2000 and 2001. Bitsui, like many Navajo poets, has a keen sense and ambivalence about linguists and anthropologists, about those who would document Navajos. Like many Navajo poets, Bitsui also has a complex of complicated emotions and felt attachments toward his languages. When Bitsui was in Carbondale, Illinois, for a poetry performance, one of the poems that he read notes that,