cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Authenticated data compression in delay tolerant wireless sensor networks

Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks (DTWSNs) are sensor networks where continuous connectivity between the sensor nodes and their final destinations (e.g., the base station) cannot be guaranteed. Storage constraints are particularly a concern in DTWSNs, since each node may have to store sensed data for a long period of time due to intermittent communication while continuously collecting data. In this paper, we develop novel techniques to seamlessly authenticate and compress sensed data, addressing the storage concerns in DTWSNs in hostile environments by harnessing both temporal and spatial correlation among sensed data. By appropriately using Message Authentication Code (MAC) and one-way hash functions, our techniques allow a node (including intermediate, non-source nodes) to efficiently compress sensed data without regenerating MACs. We explore the trade-off between data distortion and storage reduction provided by compression so that we can reach the maximum data reduction while maintaining desired data quality.
Using moral rules to address truth in transition and the demise facts

Many elements in current social media have led to the technological devolving of the concept of truth. It is argued that some of these problems can be mitigated by the application of moral "Rules".
Understanding natural programs using proper decomposition

The author presents a practical method for automatic control concept recognition in large, unstructured imperative programs. Control concepts are abstract notions about interactions between control flow, data flow, and computation, e.g., read-process loops. They are recognized by comparing a language-independent abstract program representation against standard implementation plans. Recognition is efficient and scalable because the program representation is hierarchically decomposed by propers (single entry/exit control flow subgraphs). A recognition experiment using the UNPROG program understander shows the method's performance, the role of proper decomposition, and the ability to use standard implementations in a sample of programs. How recognized control concepts are used to perform Cobol restructuring with quality not possible with existing syntactic methods is described. >
Surface electromagnetic wave coupling efficiencies for several excitation techniques.

The excitation efficiencies for coupling surface electromagnetic waves onto aluminum at a microwave frequency (f = 8.445 GHz, λ = 3.55 cm) were studied experimentally for several different standard microwave techniques as well as two optical techniques (prism and grating) applied to the microwave frequency region and two new techniques (hump and valley). The peak measured efficiencies found were: for the standard rectangular waveguide, 92%; for the horn antenna, 73%; for the right angle prism properly gapped above the metal, 60%; for the hump of 10-wavelength radius of curvature, 35%; for the thin grating strips on polystyrene coated metal, 30%; for the grating bars gapped ½ wavelength above the metal, 26%; and, for the valley of 10-wavelength radius, 12%. The measurement of the excitation efficiencies for prism and grating coupling techniques sometimes required that the prism or grating be in the near field of the antenna. In addition to measuring peak efficiencies, the efficiencies were measured as functions of the gap heights, the angular orientations, the different diffraction modes, the shapes, and the materials of the grating bars. The coupling efficiencies for both prism and grating couplers show a strong dependence on gap height above the metal. Dielectric grating bars were found to be inefficient compared to solid or hollow metallic bars, or thin metallic strips. The distance between the target point of the center line of the microwave horn antenna and the corner of the prism was found to be about 1 wavelength for maximum prism coupling efficiency.
Precollege Predictors of Incapacitated Rape Among Female Students in Their First Year of College

Objective:The first year of college is an important transitional period for young adults; it is also a period associated with elevated risk of incapacitated rape (IR) for female students. The goal of this study was to identify prospective risk factors associated with experiencing attempted or completed IR during the first year of college.Method:Using a prospective cohort design, we recruited 483 incoming first-year female students. Participants completed a baseline survey and three follow-up surveys over the next year. At baseline, we assessed precollege alcohol use, marijuana use, sexual behavior, and, for the subset of sexually experienced participants, sex-related alcohol expectancies. At the baseline and all follow-ups, we assessed sexual victimization.Results:Approximately 1 in 6 women (18%) reported IR before entering college, and 15% reported IR during their first year of college. In bivariate analyses, precollege IR history, precollege heavy episodic drinking, number of precollege sexual partners,...
Field Test of An X-Ray Sediment-Concentration Gage

A suspended sediment concentration gauge was field tested in flood flows ranging to 5,000 cfs. with sediment concentrations up to 14,000 ppm. The nuclear gage, powered by storage batteries, has a sensing unit in the flow and a recording unit on shore, connected by a water-tight flexible cable. The magnitude of attenuation of X-rays, provided by a cadmium-109 source (about 2 millicuries, and 470 days half-life), was a measure of sediment concentration. A switching mechanism caused the beam to alternately pass through distilled water and the ambient water of the creek. The time of counting was sufficient to receive a predetermined number of pulses through the distilled water reference cell. The gage was found to be sensitive not only to the suspended sediment but also to air temperature and to instrument age. The standard deviation of the 15-min values was about 200 ppm. Gage readings, corrected for age and air temperature, gave concentrations comparable to those determined by conventional sampling of the flood waters.
Prostate specific antigen doubling time (PSA-DT) and velocity (PSA-V) provide independent prognostic information in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) patients receiving chemotherapy

4616 Background: PSA-DT and PSA-V at AIPC have each demonstrated prognostic significance in retrospective studies. No study has compared PSA-DT and PSA-V at AIPC to determine if they are independen...
Gene—Milk Agent Relationship in Mammary-Tumor Development

In the mouse it has been established that genetic factors influence the development of mammary tumors. In this experiment 14 high mammary-tumor strain C3H (containing 100% susceptible strain chromatin and milk agent) females were mated with low mammary-tumor strain C57 (100% resistant strain chromatin and no milk agent) black males. 52 of the 82 resulting hybrid female offsprings were backcrossed (the remaining 32 were retained as virgins) to males of each parent strain. Weekly examinations for tumors were made. Tumorous and nontumorous mice were necropsied and histologic tumor diagnosis made. The results show that susceptible-strain chromatin transmitted the agent more effectively to the test females than did resistant strain backcrossed females with an average of 25% susceptible strain chromatin although both backcross groups had received identical milk agent and other maternal influences. Segregation of more than 1 pair of genes influenced the propagation and transmission of the agent. 2 sets of genetic factors aside from the hormonal kind were found to influence mammary tumor development. One set determines the susceptibility of the mammary tissue cell to the hormonal and milk-agent stimuli and the other the propagation of the milk agent. All tumorous backcross females were able to transmit the agent while only a part of the nontumorous females transmitted the agent. These 2 sets had 1 or more factors in common as evidenced by the fact that the nontumorous backcross females which did transmit the agent transmitted it less effectively than did the tumorous backcross females. A comparison of tumor incidences of 2 groups of backcross females with uniform extrachromosomal factors revealed that genetic factors alone could determine the chance of a females developing mammary tumor.
Retrocorneal membrane with Descemet's detachment.

Purpose.To describe a unique case of retrocorneal membrane with large Descemet's detachment.Methods.Case report of a 65-year-old man reported intermittent cloudy vision in his left eye. The patient underwent serial ocular examinations and slit-lamp photography over 6 weeks.Results.The patient had an
Insecticidal Residues in Cucumbers and Alfalfa Grown on Aldrin- or Heptachlor-Treated Soils

Cucumbers were grown in 1962 and 1963 on Carrington silt loam soils which contained various amounts of aldrin or heptachlor residues. The experiment provided that some of the developing cucumber fruits were lying on the ground while others developed without touching the soil. Similar insecticidal residue concentrations were found in all these cucumbers, as well as in the lower halves as compared with the upper halves of fruits lying on the ground. Insecticidal residues apparently penetrated through the root system and were then translocated into the cucumber fruits. Third cuttings of fresh alfalfa, grown in 1964 on aldrinor heptachlor-treated soils, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and bioassay procedures. No mortalities were obtained with vinegar flies, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, during a 48-hr exposure period to purified extracts of alfalfa from soils that contained 0.2–0.7 lb/6-in. acre of aldrin and dieldrin or heptachlor and heptachlorepoxide (2,3 epoxy-1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 4,7-methanoindene) residues. Extracts of 70–100 g of alfalfa grown on soils of higher insecticidal residue concentrations were toxic to the insects and also contained measurable amounts of these chemicals. Residue concentrations in or on alfalfa grown on aldrin-treated soils were 0.88% ± 0.23 of their concentrations in the soil at harvest time, and 3.01% ± 0.85 for alfalfa grown on heptachlor-treated soils.
The Generation-X X-ray Observatory Vision Mission and Technology Study

The Generation-X Vision Mission Study investigates the science requirements, mission concepts and technology drivers for an X-ray telescope designed to study the new frontier of astrophysics: the birth and evolution of the first stars, galaxies and black holes in the early Universe. X-ray astronomy offers an opportunity to detect these via the activity of the black holes, and the supernova explosions and gamma-ray burst afterglows of the massive stars. However, such objects are beyond the grasp of current missions which are operating or even under development. Our team has conceived a Generation-X Vision Mission based on an Xray observatory with 100 sq. m. collecting area at 1 keV (1000 times larger than Chandra) and 0.1 arcsecond angular resolution (several times better than Chandra and 50 times better than the Constellation-X resolution goal). Such a high energy observatory will be capable of detecting the earliest black holes and galaxies in the Universe, and will also study extremes of density, gravity, magnetic fields, and kinetic energy which cannot be created in laboratories. NASA has selected the Generation-X mission for study under its Vision Mission Program. We describe the studies being performed to develop the mission concept and define candidate technologies and performance requirements for Generation-X. The baseline Generation-X mission involves four 8m diameter X-ray telescopes operating at SunEarth L2. We trade against an alternate concept of a single 26m diameter telescope with focal plane instruments on a separate spacecraft. A telescope of this size will require either robotic or human-assisted in-flight assembly. The required effective area implies that extremely lightweight grazing incidence X-ray optics must be developed. To achieve the required areal density of at least 100 times lower than in Chandra, we will study 0.1mm thick mirrors which have active on-orbit figure control. We discuss the suite of required detectors, including a large FOV high angular resolution imager, a cryogenic imaging spectrometer and a grating spectrometer.
Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Enhanced Static Dielectric Constants

Dielectric spectroscopy was used to determine the static dielectric constants (es) of imidazolium acrylates and methacrylates and their ionomers, with different imidazolium pendant structures containing a combination of alkylene [(CH2)n, n = 5 or 10] and ethyleneoxy [(CH2CH2O)n, n = 4 or 7.3 (the average of a mixture of n = 1 to 20)] units as spacers between the backbone and the imidazolium cation. All monomers and polymers exhibited two dipolar relaxations, assigned to the usual segmental motion (α) associated with the glass transition and a lower frequency relaxation (α2), attributed to ions rearranging. From the analysis of the static dielectric constants using the Kirkwood g correlation factor, the dipoles in conventional (smaller) ionic liquids prefer antiparallel alignment (g ≈ 0.1), lowering es values (≤30), because their polarizability volumes Vp strongly overlap, whereas the dipoles in the larger ionic liquid monomers display g of order unity and 50 ≤ es ≤ 110. A longer spacer leads to higher sta...
Electrophysiology of the heart: the effects of ischemia.

In this first article of a series on arrhythmias, the groundwork is laid for discussions of the clinical effects of ischemia on the heart's electrical conduction system. It is stressed that althoug...
Arginine Vasopressin and Copeptin in Perinatology

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the homeostasis of fluid balance, vascular tonus and the regulation of the endocrine stress response. The measurement of AVP levels is difficult due to its short half-life and laborious method of detection. Copeptin is a more stable peptide derived from the same precursor molecule, is released in an equimolar ratio to AVP and has a very similar response to osmotic, hemodynamic and stress-related stimuli. In fact, copeptin has been propagated as surrogate marker to indirectly determine circulating AVP concentrations in various conditions. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge on AVP and copeptin in perinatology with a particular focus on the baby’s transition from placenta to lung breathing. We performed a systematic review of the literature on fetal stress hormone levels, including norepinephrine, cortisol, AVP and copeptin, in regard to birth stress. Finally, diagnostic and therapeutic options for copeptin measurement and AVP functions are discussed.
A PID-Type Robust Input Delay Compensation Method for Uncertain Euler–Lagrange Systems

Robust delay compensation techniques for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown input delays are, in general, lacking. The result in this brief extends a modified proportional-integral derivative (PID)-type controller that contains a distributed delay term to Euler–Lagrange systems with an unknown constant input delay. Additive disturbances and uncertainties in the nonlinear system were considered in the control development and stability analysis. The stability analysis also hinges upon Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals that were designed to prove semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded tracking. Experiments on a 3-degree of freedom robot were performed to depict the performance of the new controller.
Melting and Subsolidus Phase Relationships for CaSiO_3 to 35 Kilobars Pressure

Phase transitions between pseudowollastonite, wollastonite I, and wollastonite II have been reversed in piston-cylinder apparatus, and the melting curve for these CaSiO, polymorphs has been determined between 10 and 35 kbars. The pseudowollastonite melting curve rises from 1544°C at 1 bar with an unusually steep slope (dP/dT = 580 bar/°C) to a triple point at 1588°C and 23 kbar, where the solidus meets the transition from pseudowollastonite to wollastonite I, rising from 1125°C at 1 bar. The transition boundary between wollastonite I and wollastonite II has a shallow, negative slope (dP/dT = -8.4 bar/ °C); the triple point where it reaches the solidus is at 1598°C and 27.5 kbar. The slope of the fusion curve decreases at each triple point, and dP/dT for wollastonite II, 192 bar/°C, is much closer to that of other silicates, such as diopside, enstatite, and albite, than to wollastonite I. Refractive indices of glasses quenched from high pressure CaSiO, and CaMgSi_2O_8 liquids vary less as a function of pressure than do indices of glasses quenched from feldspars and feldspathic liquids. Either the densities of liquids of inosilicates are changed less than those of tektosilicates by pressure, or their high pressure densities are not quenched into the glasses.
Autistic features in the general population: Implications for sensing purpose in life

Purpose in life has been discussed as a psychosocial process in which individuals construct their life aims in relation to other people. Consequently, difficulty attending to social cues could limi...
Deployment of electric vehicles in an adaptive protection technique for riding through cyber attack threats in microgrids

The fault current level is different in grid connected and islanded microgrid fault cases for the same relay due to large integration of distributed energy resources in the latter. Therefore, protection systems must be adaptive and assisted with extensive communication networks to respond to the dynamic changes in the microgrid configurations. However, the microgrid must be protected even under the conditions of a cyber-attack which will render the communication link insecure or down. This paper proposes an adaptive protection scheme abiding by IEC 61850 communication standard for microgrids making them capable of riding-through communication failures by the aid of Electric Vehicle Parks. The control of the Electric Vehicle Park can identify a fault in the AC side based on direct measurements of frequency and voltage without the need for a communication signal. The most critical case is when the microgrid is islanded and the communication is down. In this case, the control will adjust the operation of the connected Electric Vehicles to inject a high current into the microgrid as demanded by the fault, allowing the relays to operate properly. The effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme is evaluated through detailed simulation. The results demonstrate the successful operation of the protective devices during the various modes of operation.
English Auctions with Reentry

The English auction is usually modeled (since Milgrom & Weber (1982)) as an open continuously ascending price auction in which bidders choose when to drop out but, once they do so, are forbidden from reentering. It is known that this auction allocates a single object efficiently in many but not all circumstances. In particular, if there are three or more bidders with interdependent values, the English auction may not be efficient. This paper considers a modification of the standard model in which bidders can exit and reenter at will. The main result is that the English auction with reentry has an efficient equilibrium under weak conditions. These are much weaker than the conditions under which the standard English auction is efficient. Thus the modification is not only a more realistic model of the real-world auction but has superior theoretical properties. The failure of the English auction to allocate efficiently stems not from some defect in the institution per se but rather from the way it has been traditionally modeled as a game. JEL Classification Numbers: C72, C73, D44, D82. Keywords: efficient auction, English auction, interdependent values, ex post equilibrium, reentry.
Telehealth and telenursing using simulation for pre-licensure USA students.

An innovative simulation was used to teach pre-licensure USA nursing students about telenursing for screening, assessment, and patient education during a home visit. The students used telepresence technology to deliver nursing care to a homebound geriatric patient. After the simulation, students (N = 73) felt increased confidence with the skills needed to deliver telenursing care and in using telepresence technology. Students reported that they modified and improved their communication in order to adapt to perceived barriers posed by the new technology. As telenursing becomes more prevalent for managing patient care at a distance, nursing programs will need to incorporate educational strategies to reflect this change.
Supporting teachers in taking up productive talk moves: The long road to professional learning at scale

Abstract In this paper we describe our early, qualitative work on “teacher talk moves” such as revoicing , situated within the urban classrooms of highly skilled teachers, including their role in the work of managing multiple constraints while maintaining productive inclusivity. We then describe our attempts to discern the impact of these talk tools on student achievement in multiple classrooms, using both post-hoc controls and in vivo studies. We move on to the challenges present in disseminating this work in professional development settings; our approach includes framing talk tools as rational responses to actual classroom challenges. Finally we describe current efforts to disseminate cyber-enabled PD in science education K-12, including a central focus on academically productive talk.
Precision control of nanoparticle monolayer assembly: Optimizing rate and crystal quality

We study the critical factors that govern the 2D-crystal quality of self-assembled nanoparticles using convective assembly (“blade-casting”) technique. The goal is to improve crystal quality by both maximizing monolayer coverage and optimizing crystal width. We find that crystal quality is enhanced by air plasma treatment on substrate surface, while the monolayer domain size increases with assembly at higher substrate temperature. In addition, we correlate the meniscus shape to array thickness obtained at different deposition stages. Our results provide insights toward scalable production of well-ordered nanoparticle monolayers for applications including biosensors, optically-active surfaces, and nanocomposites.
Monitoring and Anticipating the Convergence of Lighting Control Strategies

IPC co-classification in conjunction with cross impact analysis has been used to identify technology convergence and its strength over specific period of time. In this study, we tried to monitor the convergence of lighting control strategies which yields energy efficiency from 2009 to 2013. Also, we tried to anticipate the trend of impacts for near future. We take new approach to utilize detailed information including rate of change of co-classified patents, number of patents in each class, and convergence strength between two classes over time and build possible scenarios to anticipate the convergence trend. In our new approach, convergence strength rate of change is considered along side with two other parameters to understand the reason of rise or decline in convergence strength and possibility of its change in the future. With recent trends considering lighting as a system rather than group of components, our approach would help to anticipate the convergence trends of the controlling strategies including time control, presence control, illuminance control and so forth as a controlling system.
Giant anisotropic nonlinear optical response in Weyl semimetals

The response of a material to applied intense radiation is characterized by its nonlinear optical susceptibility. While the conventional microscopic picture of nonlinear optics of materials involves expressions using higher order perturbation theory, recent theoretical studies have established a link between nonlinear optics and geometrical properties of the electronic wavefunction. Weyl semimetals are a recently discovered class of materials with nontrivial band structure geometry. We use optical second harmonic generation to measure the second order nonlinear optical response of Weyl semimetals of the transition metal monopnictide (TMMP) family. We find that the TMMP compounds have the largest measured nonlinear optical susceptibility of any bulk crystalline materials, with a susceptibility nearly an order of magnitude higher than that of other nonlinear optical materials.
Identifier Mapping in Cytoscape: idmapper

Identifier Mapping, the association of terms across disparate taxonomies and databases, is a common hurdle in bioinformatics workflows. The idmapper app for Cytoscape simplifies identifier mapping for genes and proteins in the context of common biological networks. This app provides a unified interface to different identifier resources accessible through a right-click on the table's column header. It also provides an OSGi programming interface via Cytoscape Commands and CyREST that can be utilized for identifier mapping in scripts and other Cytoscape apps, and supports integrated Swagger documentation.
Is There a Substitute for Force in International Relations

The question “Is there a substitute for force in international relations” implies a serious ambiguity which, if not clearly understood at the outset, will greatly hamper our understanding of the real issue involved. Those who raise this question really mean by “force,” not force qua force, but only the frequent and unrestrained resort to armed force for settlement of international disputes. But the way in which the question is put not only begs the question from a logical standpoint, but also seriously obscures the real meaning intended by the questioner. For the wording “a substitute for force” seems to suggest that the substitute to be sought is to be antithetically opposed to force—is to be devoid of force. Such a substitute there is none. For, in the words of Mr. John A. Hobson, “there is no display of moral force in any act of human conduct which does not make some use of physical force as its instrument.”
Investigations of Tribological Pin-disc Interactions by Digital Acoustic Emission Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Usual Wear Measurements

ABSTRACT Developments of metal protheses like artificial hip joints are limited with regard to wear risks and require therefore investigations of different metal combinations under suitable conditions. Continuous surveillance of wear in progress and early detection of important wear processes are realized by acoustic emission analysis (AEA) on a pin-disc testing machine thus allowing the investigation of different tribological pin-disc interactions under well defined conditions. The AEA, based on the sum of piezoelectrically transduced signals S n is supplemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and usual measurements of wear. In initial wear tests reported here, different pin metals are worn on rotating discs of the same metal (cast alloy CoCrMo) in serum. The wear behaviour of the available materials can not be satisfactorily represented by measurements of usual wear parameters. “In situ” surveillance of wear by surface analysis and mass loss measurements is not generally practicable. By means of AEA are recognized important wear processes like wear incubation and initiation, different kinds of wear propagation and transitions. The AEA seems to be a uniquely available method, which allows continuous surveillance of wear in progress, early detection of important wear processes and the early arrangement of maintenance, readjustment, repairing and renewal of tribological systems. With regard to the widespread occurence of wear, the presented development of AEA-supported wear surveillance will prove to be effective, as it will allow a reduction in the depreciation of industrial plant and in the wear risks of artificial hip joints.
Kidney Transplant Outcomes

A 25-year-old African-American man with past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) received a 0/6 HLA matched kidney transplant from a deceased donor. Four months post transplantation on routine screening his serum creatinine was elevated from a baseline value of 1.2–1.6 mg/dL. A kidney biopsy performed to elucidate the cause of transplant renal dysfunction revealed acute cellular rejection, BANFF 1a. He received three doses of IV solumedrol and 4 weeks later his serum creatinine was back to 1.2 mg/dL.
Bifurcation Theorems for Partial Differential Equations

As we have seen in earlier sections, there are two methods generally available for proving bifurcation theorems. The first is the original method of Hopf, and the second is using invariant manifold techniques to reduce one to the finite (often two) dimensional case.
Death and Chocolate: The Significance of Cacao Offerings in Ancient Maya Tombs and Caches at Copan, Honduras

The mortuary rituals of the ancient Maya were laden with symbolism and this extended to the foods that they produced during ceremonies and offered to gods and revered ancestors. Comestibles placed in tombs were not simply meals, but tangible obsecrations meant to ensure the intercession on behalf of the living by ancestors with ancient gods. Such meals undoubtedly embodied the best that the community had to offer and were produced with an adherence to strict laws governing who could collect and create foods for rituals. Communing with the dead would have been a serious undertaking with great care taken in the construction of ritual gifts. The range of dishes placed in tombs and offerings were attached to a legacy of myths and the use of certain foods, and possibly food combinations, would have been intended to produce a particular outcome. This chapter is focused upon comestibles containing cacao, which were created for offerings in three Early Classic (c. A.D. 430–600) Maya royal tombs, an elite burial, and a cache associated with a tomb. I will first explore the motivation behind offering food to deceased ancestors, and then discuss the importance of cacao to ancient Mesoamericans, following this with a description of its use in tombs and offerings at Copan, and the connection of cacao to Maya conceptions of death and rebirth.
Micromechanical Modeling of Effective Electro-Thermo-Elastic Properties of two-Phase Piezoelectric Composites

A periodic microstructural model is developed to estimate the coupled electro-thermo-elastic response of piezoelectric composites. The model includes vital microstructural parameters, such as the constituent properties and shapes, and provides analytic estimates of the effective electro-thermo-elastic moduli of two-phase piezoelectric composites.
Technological Fixes II, Genetic Engineering, Technological Pragmatism and Planetary Boundaries

This chapter begins by examining specific, sweeping endorsements of genetically engineered, technological fixes based on a progressive interpretation of the history of agriculture. It then shows how a pessimistic interpretation that counters the optimistic view by emphasizing the harmful, unintended consequences of technological agriculture. These rival interpretations cancel each other out: we need a more balanced, pragmatic philosophy of technology to understand and evaluate innovations in agricultural biotechnology. I then apply the pragmatic criticisms of technological fixes developed in this chapter to evaluate two proposed genetically engineered, technological fixes. One is a genetically engineered pig designed as a fix for phosphorus pollution. For the other example, I return to Golden Rice as a fix for the sociopolitical problem of poverty leading to micronutrient malnutrition. This case-by-case examination avoids the sweeping pro and con positions of technological pessimism and technological optimism that drive the polarized debate over agricultural biotechnology.
The structure of C 60 F 36

Abstract Detailed analyses of 1D and 2D 19 F NMR experiments confirm the theoretically predicted structure of the major most thermodynamically stable C 3 isomer of C 60 F 36 , which is distinctly tetrahedral in shape.
The Effects of Blocked Versus Random Presentation and Semantic Relatedness of Stimulus Words on Response to a Modified Stroop Task Among Social Phobics

Previous studies of the modified Stroop Color-Naming Task with social phobics have demonstrated increased latencies for the color-naming of social threat words in comparison to neutral or physical threat words. However, these effects could be partially due to differences in the semantic relatedness of the words in these various categories and/or the blocked format (i.e., all words of one type presented sequentially) in which words have been presented. To examine these issues, color-naming latencies of individuals with social phobia to social threat, semantically related neutral, and unrelated neutral words were examined in both blocked and randomly intermixed formats. Significant differences in color-naming were found for word stimuli presented in the blocked format only. In the blocked format, social phobics were significantly slower to color-name social threat words than related neutral words and significantly slower to color-name related neutral words than unrelated neutral words. Color-naming latencies also increased across trials regardless of word type. There were no effects of word type in the random format. Thus, both presentation format and semantic priming, as well as threat value, may have contributed to color-naming interference for the social threat words. Possible interpretations of our findings along with implications for future Stroop research in persons with social phobia are discussed.
Acute Care in the Home Setting: Hospital at Home

Could a large urban Health System be serious when it took out a one-page ad in the New York Times on July 22, 2015 with the headline “If our beds are filled, it means we’ve failed”? In fact, they were very serious and with their focus on population health management, patients are receiving most of their care outside of the traditional hospital setting. One such way they are accomplishing this is through a model of care developed to substitute hospital level care in the home. Hospital at Home (HaH) was developed at Johns Hopkins University in 1995 as a response to the evidence that hospitals may not be the ideal setting for many patients [17]. The hazards of hospitalizations, especially for the older adult, are well documented and can include falls, delirium, functional decline, and other hospital-acquired infections [10]. Additionally, poor transitions both within the hospital setting and at discharge can contribute to lengthier hospital stays, emergency department visits, and readmissions [5]. Home is a site of care that patients prefer and has been shown to be cost saving [13, 18, 19].
Causal Inference in Introductory Statistics Courses.

Over the last two decades, statistics educators have made important changes to introductory courses. Current guidelines emphasize developing statistical thinking in students and exposing them to th...
Liquefaction Resistance Evaluation of Pleistocene-Age South Carolina Coastal Plain Sands with the Cone Penetrometer Test

AbstractThree Pleistocene-age sand deposits from 100,000 to 1.2 million years old in the South Carolina Coastal Plain were characterized with the cone penetrometer test and samples were tested in a...
The Impact of Economic Integration within the European Union as a Factor in Conflict Transformation and Peace-Building

This study examines economic integration within the European Union as a factor in conflict transformation and peace-building. European responses to causes of frequent conflict and wars after the end of WWII focused on the search for peace, economic cooperation and prosperity. This thesis will focus on three elements: economic interdependence, the expansion of the free market, and economic integration. In-depth examination of these factors reveals that economic interdependence or the exchange of goods and services across inter-state and international boundaries only, is not sufficient to bring peace among states. Economic interdependence may reduce the impact of war, but cannot maintain sustainable peace. Unfair competition fanned by economic nationalism was a strong obstacle to free trade in Europe in the early 19th century. In the 21st century, the expansion of the free trade, with increased understanding has enhanced reduction in interstate conflicts. However, free trade, in and of itself does not constitute a strong factor for a sustainable peace. Free trade may encourage democracy, but the expansion of free trade coupled with interdependence, does not bring sustainable peace. The EU has successfully established sustainable peace through economic integration-the creation of the single market that establish freedom of movement, people, goods, services; and a single currency that facilitates easy transactions. The single market also abolished tariffs and custom duties. By and large, economic integration within the EU has been successful in creating sustainable peace because economic interdependence, and the expansion of the free market have been combined with political integration by building democratic institutions at the intergovernmental and transnational
Partial Support with Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices

Partial mechanical circulatory support encompasses a wide range of devices that support the failing heart. A thorough understanding of the pathology of heart failure and the physiologic mechanism supporting the use of devices in heart failure patients are important for all clinicians involved in the care of patients with a diagnosis of heart failure. Further research and development will help characterize the optimal device and treatment strategy for different stages of heart failure.
A rare case of late-onset ticagrelor-induced sinus arrest.

Ticagrelor is a potent reversible P2Y12 inhibitor with proven superiority over clopidogrel. Ticagrelor increases the tissue concentration of adenosine, thereby leading to bradyarrhythmia. This comp...
Pure injective modules over a commutative valuation domain

Using geometrical invariants we classify those pure injective modules over a commutative valuation domain which are envelopes of one element.
On the use of Ozawa/Flynn/Wall method to determine aging activation energy for elastomers:

It is often necessary to assess the effect of aging at room temperature over years/decades for hardware containing elastomeric components such as oring seals or shock isolators. In order to determi...
Clarifying the mediation dilemma: A response to “Sticks and carrots for peace”:

This brief essay considers the “mediation dilemma” in the light of new analysis by Constantin Ruhe and Iris Volg. Ruhe and Volg’s analysis adds to our understanding of manipulative mediation in two...
Optimal Information Filtering for Robust Aerocapture Trajectory Generation and Guidance

Entry flight is a critical mission phase of planetary aeroassist problems. During atmospheric flight, aleatory-epistemic uncertainty and environmental factors reduce the accuracy of predicted futur...
A software and hardware environment for developing al applications on parallel processors

This paper describes and reports on the use of an environment, called Agora, that supports the construction of large, computationally expensive and loosely-structured systems, e.g. knowledge-based systems for speech and vision understanding. Agora can be customized to support the programming model that is more suitable for a given application. Agora has been designed explicitly to support multiple languages and highly parallel computations. Systems built with Agora can be executed on a number of general purpose and custom multiprocessor architectures.
Organizational Culture, Innovativeness and Market Orientation in Hong Kong Five Years After Handover: What Has Changed?

Abstract The 1997 handover of Hong Kong to the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC) constituted a unique “natural experiment” for Hong Kong firms. The arrangement of “one country, two systems” promised for 50 years was unprecedented, and the related managerial waters were largely uncharted. This paper examines aspects of marketing-related organizational behavior as well as changes aspects of personal values of managers in Hong Kong and the PRC. The framework of a Modified Competing Values model augmented with results on managerial reaction to environmental change is used to frame hypotheses. Two samples of senior managers of Hong Kong firms which compete in business-to-business markets are examined for changes between 1997 and 2001. In establishing bench-marks with mainland Chinese firms for these comparisons, we find unsurprising differences between a sample of PRC firms, which were more bureaucratic and less competitive than the Hong Kong firms at handover. We find significant changes between 1997 and 2001 ...
Why do T cells express the vitamin D receptor

Vitamin D is an important regulator of immune function. T cells express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and have been shown to be direct and indirect vitamin D targets. Why should T cells be responsive to vitamin D? The data suggest that expression of the VDR is required for the development of two cell types, NKT cells and CD8αα T cells, which inhibit autoimmunity. In addition, effector T cell cytokine production is regulated by vitamin D. Available evidence suggests that NKT and CD8αα T cells express the VDR as part of the selection process to protect against the generation of autoimmunity, particularly in the gut.
Recent observations of energetic electrons in solar flares

It has been apparent for the last few years that a large fraction of the total energy released during a solar flare appears initially in the form of energetic electrons accelerated during the impulsive phase. An estimate of the energy of these electrons is based on the observed hard x-ray spectra as well as the assumed form (thermal or non-thermal) of the electron distribution. Even after the basic form of the electron distribution is assumed, additional assumptions, such as the low energy cut-off in the case of the power law energy spectrum or existence of a multi-thermal source in the case of the thermal spectrum, are usually required. In order to test these assumptions, measurements of the hard x-ray spectrum with spatial resolution and covering a wide range of x-ray energy are essential. In absence of good spatial resolution, as is the case with most of the presently available hard x-ray observations, the impulsive x-ray emission at energies hv ≲ 10 keV is often unobservable because of the presence of a large background of relatively intense gradual emission associated with most flares. Observations made in the past suffered either because of the lack of a clearly identifiable impulsive x-ray emission at low energies (Peterson et al, 1973) or an adequate spectral resolution (Kahler, 1973). Thus so far it has not been possible to measure unambiguously the spectrum of impulsive x-rays ≲ 10 keV and hence to deduce a possible low energy cut-off in the energetic electron spectrum. Here we report briefly such an observation made with the ISEE-3 x-ray spectrometer experiment and its implications with regard to the characteristics of energetic electrons in solar flares.
A Bathtub Model of Traffic Congestion

Author(s): Arnott, Richard | Abstract: In the standard economic models of traffic congestion, traffic flow does not fall under heavily congested conditions. But this is counter to experience, especially in thedowntown areas of most major cities during rush hour. This paper presents a bathtub model of traffic congestion. The height of water in the bathtub corresponds totraffic density, velocity is negatively related to density, and outflow is the product of density and velocity. Above a critical density, outflow falls as density increases. The model indicates that, when demand is high relative to capacity, applying an optimal time-varying congestion tolls generates benefits that are considerably larger than those obtained from the standard models and exceed the toll revenue collected.
Introduction to Data Center Energy Flow and Thermal Management

This chapter provides an introduction to the emerging trends in the growth of data centers. It is seen that projected growth in functionality and performance in information technology and communications equipment is resulting in sharply increasing power dissipation per unit facility footprint. Increased energy usage for powering and thermal management of data centers, which is a potential concern for continued growth of data centers is examined. The guidelines for environmental control of data centers to assure satisfactory equipment performance are discussed. Thermal management of data centers involves multiple length scales. The approaches currently in use and under exploration at various scales are presented. Thermal modeling approaches for data centers are also discussed. Data centers are generally expected to operate continuously, yet there have been documented failure events that have lead to usage interruption. The tier classification of data centers based on redundancy is introduced.
Emergency contraception: profiles of women using Plan B in a small Midwestern U.S. community.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe (a) a population of emergency contraceptive (EC) users (b) frequency of use of EC in a calendar year and (c) frequency of follow-up visits to establish routine contraception. DATA SOURCES: Retrospective chart review of 436 women aged 12-50 years visiting a Midwestern family planning clinic for EC services during 2004-2005. CONCLUSIONS: Users were primarily Caucasian (94.2%) single or single with a significant other (95.1%) young (68.1% aged 19 and under) and nulligravidas (89.4%). Few (10.4%) returned for repeat use of EC within the same calendar year. One third returned for a follow-up visit to establish routine contraceptive use. No significant differences in the occurrence of a follow-up visit were found among age income or education groups. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The youth of the sample underscores the need for providers to discuss EC with adolescents who continue to need a prescription to access EC. The low repeat use of EC is consistent with international data and supports the use of EC as a back-up method for routine ongoing contraceptive users. It is important for nurse practitioners to provide accurate information and access to EC proactively as part of ongoing health and wellness education to all reproductive-aged women.
Financing outpatient mental health care: How much does insurance actually help?

Providers of mental health services in both public and private sectors are becoming increasingly dependent on third-party health insurance to cover the costs of outpatient psychotherapy. The present investigation examines reimbursement rates for the cost of the average course of psychotherapy for a sample of industries in one city. Results suggest that insurance coverage should not be viewed as a panacea by mental health providers.
Peasant responses to collectivization: A comparison of communist agriculture policies in the U.S.S.R. and poland

(1973). Peasant responses to collectivization: A comparison of communist agriculture policies in the U.S.S.R. and poland. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 191-210.
Simulation of Tropical Climate with a Linear Primitive Equation Model

Abstract The tropical climate simulated with a new global atmosphere model is presented. The model is purposely designed for climate studies and is still under development. It is designed to bridge the gap between very efficient but simple models of the tropical atmosphere and sophisticated but inefficient general circulation models (GCMs). In this paper the authors examine the sensitivity of the model's climate to specific formulations of convection, boundary-layer physics, and radiation. The model uses the Betts–Miller convection scheme and a parameterization of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that combines similarity theory for computation of surface fluxes with a simple scheme for diagnosing PBL depth. Radiative cooling is specified and land surface processes are bypassed by relaxing modeled low-level values to observed quantities. Orography is ignored. The model contains six vertical layers and has a horizontal resolution of about 3° × 5.625°. The authors compare the climate simulated with two dif...