cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Two New Arsenic Field Test Kits Capable of Detecting Arsenic Water Concentrations Close to 10 μg/L

Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Arsenic field test kits may offer a cost-effective approach for measuring these exposures in the field, although the accuracy of some kits used in the past has been poor. In this study, arsenic concentrations were measured in 136 water sources in western Nevada using two relatively new arsenic test kits and compared to laboratory measurements using atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients comparing the Quick Arsenic and Hach EZ kits to laboratory measurements were 0.96 (p < 0.001) and 0.95 (p < 0.001), respectively. When analyzed in seven exposure categories (0−9, 10−19, 20−49, 50−99, 100−199, 200−499, and ≥500 μg/L), test kit and AFS measurements were in the same category in 71% (Quick Arsenic) and 62% (Hach EZ) of samples, and within one category of each other in 99% (Quick Arsenic) and 97% (Hach EZ) of samples. Both kits identified all water samples with high arsenic concentrations (...
On the Convergence of the Frequency-Domain LMS Adaptive Filter using LMS-DFT

This paper presents an analysis of the convergence of the frequency-domain LMS adaptive filter when the DFT is computed using the LMS steepest descent algorithm. In this case, the frequency-domain adaptive filter is implemented with a cascade of two sections, each updated using the LMS algorithm. Since the structure contains two adaptive algorithms updating in parallel, an analysis of the overall system convergence needs to consider the effect of the two adaptive algorithms on each other, in addition to their individual convergence. Analysis was done based on the expected mean-square coefficient error for each of the two LMS adaptive algorithms, with some simplifying approximations for the second algorithm, to describe the convergence behavior of the overall system. Simulations were used to verify the results.
Preoperative Axillary Ultrasound in Breast Cancer: Safely Avoiding Frozen Section of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast-Conserving Surgery

Background The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial results provided convincing evidence that completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) was unnecessary in selected patients with 1 to 2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). We hypothesized that preoperative axillary ultrasound (AUS) with fine-needle aspiration is sufficiently sensitive to detect worrisome macrometastasis to preclude the need for frozen-section pathology of SLNs. Study Design We conducted a retrospective single-institution study at a tertiary academic referral center. A total of 1,140 T1 to 2 breast cancer patients who underwent SLN biopsy with or without CALND from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2010 were reviewed. All patients had negative preoperative AUS with or without fine-needle aspiration. Results One hundred forty-four (13%) patients were node positive at surgery. Mean age, tumor size, histology, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status were similar comparing 996 SLN-negative with 144 (13%) SLN-positive patients. Of the SLN-positive patients, 25% were premenopausal, 9% were estrogen receptor−negative, and 19% had additional lymph nodes at CALND. Only 19 (2%) patients had SLN metastasis ≥6 mm, 10 (1%) had metastasis >7 mm, and only 1 patient had ≥3 positive SLNs. Conclusions The addition of preoperative AUS with or without fine-needle aspiration to management of patients who meet American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial eligibility criteria reduced the risk of macrometastasis measuring ≥6 mm to only 2%; very few of these patients would be premenopausal, have estrogen receptor−negative tumors, or ≥3 positive SLNs. With the addition of AUS with or without fine-needle aspiration, we endorse the conclusions of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial to avoid CALND, and see marginal gain in frozen-section analysis of SLNs.
Reactor modeling and scale-up of a multiphase reaction-extraction system : metallothermic reduction of rare earth oxides

Abstract A mathematical model was developed to describe the transient and steady-state behavior of a multiphase reaction—extraction system in a batch stirred-tank reactor used for the metallothermic reduction of rate earth oxides. The model includes thermodynamic, kinetic and transport parameters as well as reactor design and operating parameters. The model was applied to the metallothermic reduction of Nd 2 O 3 by Ca using molten salts as the phase transfer agent. Mathematical analyses of the model have indicated that the steady-state performance of the reactor can be characterized by the reactor eigenvalue which is a linear function of the interfacial equilibrium constant of the rare earth metals. Important scale-up parameters were identified from dimensional analysis of the model, whereas the rate-controlling step of the process was identified through the numerical simulation of the model. The results of numerical simulation of the model were consistent with experimental observations on both the laboratory and the pilot reactor.
Same campus, different worlds

Like many colleges and universities, North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC has traditionally separated computing resources for administrative and academic users. This allows different groups to focus on different aspects of IT - students don't use PeopleSoft much, and payroll officers don't much care about Blackboard, and their support organizations trend the same way. But, from a management and financial point of view, duplicating services is costly, and most universities and colleges have at least looked at the feasibility of merging these two service units together. In 2007, NC State went beyond feasibility studies, and merged the two former units into the Office of Information Technology - combining everything from infrastructure to business services to the Help Desks.This paper and presentation will track the formation of the NC State Help Desk and what that involved, from the standpoint of the employees, the management, the customers, the technology, the processes, and even the dress code. Merging looks easy on paper, but there are a lot of organizational, procedural, and emotional considerations to take into account before putting two different cultures into a brave new world.The content should be of interest to people undergoing or planning to undergo a similar change, or people interested in seeing how an enterprise-level Help Desk is thought out and constructed.
Is synaptic homeostasis just wishful thinking

Abstract The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted polypeptides of the TGF-β family, whose diverse functions include primary neural induction and the dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. In this issue of Neuron , Aberle et al. (2002) and Marques et al. (2002) present evidence that BMP receptors may also influence the development of synapses. The results suggest a novel mechanism for regulating neuronal growth and synaptic homeostasis during development.
Radiation Defect Introduction Rates in n - and p -Type Silicon in the Vicinity of the Radiation Damage Threshold

Radiation defect introduction rates have been studied in $n$- and $p$-type silicon by analyzing the effects of electron irradiation on diffused $n$ on $p$ base and $p$ on $n$ base silicon junctions. The electron energy was varied between 125 and 800 keV; this range included the silicon radiation damage threshold. Plots of the product of the probability of producing a defect and the minority capture cross sections of the defects in the two kinds of junctions exhibited similar dependence on electron energy. However, the magnitudes of these products differed by a factor of about 200 in the two structures, the $n$ on $p$ base junctions exhibiting the slower decay rate. It is shown that although the microscopic nature of the radiation defects may differ in $n$- and $p$-type silicon, the rate-determining process is the same in both kinds of material. This process must be the production of vacancy-interstitial pairs as a result of Coulomb scattering by the high-energy electrons. However, the shape of the curve relating the probability of defect introduction to electron energy does not agree with theoretical curves, this in spite of a large increase in reliability of data over previously reported experiments in silicon.
Robust reliability design using environmental stress testing

This paper presents a strategy for improving reliability by using a robust design method. In this approach, reliability is related to performance degradation and several reliability models are developed to address performance degradation. This robust design strategy integrates orthogonal array experiments with environmental stress testing. Its goal is to select optimal levels of design parameters such that the product performance will be less sensitive to environmental stresses and thus more reliable. This method is applied to the design of an IC wire-bonding process and a comparison shows that the products produced with optimum design parameters are more robust and reliable under environmental stresses. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flammability of topical preparations and surgical dressings in cutaneous and laser surgery: a controlled simulation study.

Background Surgical fires are a rare, but serious complication of dermatologic procedures involving electrosurgical and laser devices. Given the lack of data regarding basic fire safety principles, many dermatologists remain unaware of this potential risk. Objective We evaluated the flammability of topical preparations and surgical drapes commonly encountered in the immediate operative field during cutaneous and laser surgery. Methods Surgical dressings, drapes, and pork belly skin were examined for fire risk upon exposure to isopropyl alcohol, chlorhexidine gluconate, and aluminum chloride under dry, saturated, and damp conditions. Both electrosurgery and a carbon-dioxide laser were used as ignition sources. Results At least some char was observed in 86 of 126 simulated conditions (68%). Flames occurred in 2 test conditions: dry underpad drapes and cotton balls exposed to the carbon-dioxide laser. In general, drapes and dressings dampened or saturated with isopropyl alcohol failed to ignite with electrofulguration or electrodessication, although sparks and moderate char developed on pork belly skin and the underpad drape. Materials dampened or saturated with chlorhexidine gluconate, which contains isopropyl alcohol, generated less smoke and char compared with materials exposed to aluminum chloride, which does not contain alcohol. Limitations Future studies may assess the flammability of materials in the setting of oxygen supplementation. Conclusion In common cutaneous surgical environments, electrosurgery or ablative laser may lead to char and rarely to fire. Char may be seen in up to two thirds of simulated conditions, and in a minute proportion of conditions, fire is observed.
Development of subaortic stenosis after pulmonary artery banding.

Palliation of children with large ventricular septal defects (VSD) by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is associated with a variety of unfavorable sequelae. We document another possible complication of PAB, the development of subaortic stenosis, which occurred in 4 of 40 infants with large VSD and PAB. Prior to surgery all had congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly, pulmonary plethora, and biventricular or right ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram. At cardiac catheterization all had large VSD with pulmonary artery hypertension. No gradient between left ventricle and systemic artery was demonstrated. PAB was followed by improvement in all four children. Repeat catheterization at 4 to 11 years of age revealed that they had developed a significant (30 to 100 mm Hg) gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract. Although the etiology of the subaortic stenosis is not known, it is felt that the hypertrophied and possibly leftward deviated conal septum was impinging on the left ventricular outflow tract in three of the four. Since the subaortic stenosis was not suspected prior to the second catheterization, we feel that preoperative evaluation of children with VSD and PAB should include evaluation of the left ventricular outflow tract to be certain that no obstruction is present.
Patch size‐dependent community recovery after massive disturbance

Massive anthropogenic and climate-related disturbances are now common in ecosystems worldwide, generating widespread die-off and subsequent community recovery dominated by remnant-patch dynamics rather than open-gap dynamics. Whether communities can recover and, if so, which factors mediate recolonization rate and extent remain unresolved. Here we evaluate recolonization dynamics of southern U.S. salt marshes that experienced extensive, drought-induced die-off of the foundation species Spartina alterniflora over the previous decade. Surveys of Georgia (USA) salt marshes showed little seedling recruitment in die-off areas but persistence of Spartina particularly in large, rather than small, remnant patches. Given this natural variation in remnant patch size, we conducted field experiments to test whether key plant-controlling biotic (grazing, plant neighbor presence) and abiotic (water availability) factors differentially impact Spartina recolonization at small and large-patch scales. In the small-patch ( 20 m2) borders advanced significantly over the same time period regardless of grazer or neighbor removal. We continued the large-patch experiments in 2010, a year that experienced drought, and also added freshwater or salt to borders to modify ambient drought stress; overall, borders advanced less than the previous year but significantly more where neighbors were removed or freshwater added. Thus, water availability appears to mediate Spartina recovery by fueling large-patch expansion during wet summers and intensifying interspecific competition during drought. Combined, these findings suggest ecosystems can recover from massive disturbance if remnant foundation species' patches are large enough to overcome biotic inhibition and successfully expand during periods of relaxed abiotic stress.
Differential diagnosis of dental pain.

An understanding of the phenomena of pain is vitally important in dentistry. Fear of pain keeps many patients from receiving timely dental care. On the other hand, a fair share of patients come to the dental office seeking relief from it. Pain about the face and head is a rather common occurrence. A portion of such pain arises from the teeth or associated tissues. It is the responsibility of the dentist to diagnose and treat all pain of dental origin. In addition he should be sufficiently informed to recog­ nize the probable basis of pain from other causes. In such instances his responsi­ bility terminates when he directs the pa­ tient to proper channels for diagnosis and treatment. Pain is purely subjective and is, there­ fore, difficult to evaluate accurately. Hardy, W olff and Goodell1 held that the experience called “ pain” takes into ac­ count not only the sensation of pain but also other associated sensations and the emotional state as well. Thus they state that every sensation of pain (ache, prick, burn) is accompanied by a more or less predictable pattern of associated sensa­ tions (such as heat, cold, pressure) and feeling states (anger, fear, pleasantness, unpleasantness). The total sensory re­ sultant is the pain experience. The sensation of pain in contrast to other sensations (touch, heat, cold, pres­ sure) has no organized end organ. Pain sensation is subserved by naked nerve endings. Furthermore, these naked nerve endings do not respond selectively to only one type of stimulus but rather to any type of stimulus (mechanical, chem­ ical, thermal, electrical) provided it has sufficient intensity.2 The common de­ nominator for stimuli giving rise to the sensation is that they cause or threaten injury to body tissues. Therefore the sensation of pain serves a useful function in that it warns of impending or actual tissue damage.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of boreal forest structure in western Newfoundland: silvicultural implications for marten habitat management

Abstract The conservation of marten (Martes americana) populations within managed forests will require planning at appropriately large temporal and spatial scales. A conceptual model of stand-level dynamics is constructed from empirical study of forests in western Newfoundland and related to the habitat requirements of resident marten. The model suggests that the critical elements of marten foraging habitat are currently found within a senescent forest stand structure. Implications of the model are discussed as they relate to landscape-level disturbance patterns. Changes in both stand-level dynamics and landscape-level phenomena indicate that intensive silviculture is necessary to promote marten habitat within managed forests in Newfoundland. We propose a density management regime designed to provide a marten habitat window within a reasonable pulpwood rotation period. The stand-level prescriptions are intended as a tool to be incorporated into an overall landscape management regime.
Mechanism and Energetics for Complexation of 90Y with 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic Acid (DOTA), a Model for Cancer Radioimmunotherapy

A promising cancer therapy involves the use of the macrocyclic polyaminoacetate DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) attached to a tumor-targeting antibody complexed with the β emitter 90Y3+. However, incorporation of the 90Y into the DOTA conjugate is too slow. To identify the origins of this problem, we used ab initio quantum chemistry methods (B3LYP/LACVP* and HF/LACVP*) to predict structures and energetics. We find that the initial complex YH2(DOTA)+ is 4-coordinate (the four equivalent carboxylate oxygens), which transforms to YH(DOTA) (5-coordinate with one ring N and four carboxylate oxygens), and finally to Y(DOTA)-, which is 8-coordinate (four oxygens and four nitrogens). The rate-determining step is the conversion of YH(DOTA) to Y(DOTA)-, which we calculate to have an activation free energy (aqueous phase) of 8.4 kcal/mol, in agreement with experimental results (8.1−9.3 kcal/mol) for various metals to DOTA [Kumar, K.; Tweedle, M. F. Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 4193−4199; Wu...
AN EXAMINATION OF THE CURRENT USEFULNESS OF THE BEM SEX-ROLE INVENTORY '

In the present study, an ethnically diverse convenience sample (N = 182; 62% female) of working adults (56%) and college students (M age=30.9 yr., in SD = 12.8, range= 18 to 71) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory which is a widely used self-report measure of perceptions of gender roles. Based on their scores, individuals' sex roles can be categorized as Masculine or Feminine (sex-typed) or Androgynous. The results of this study suggest that, almost 30 years after it was first developed, the categories can still be used to categorize men and women of varying ages.
Silicon Nitride Ceramics - Alloy Design

Properties of silicon nitride ceramics depend on the phases present and their microstructure. In order to obtain ceramics with optimum properties, knowledge of phase relationships in silicon nitride-metal oxide systems and the mechanism and kinetics of microstructure development are necessary. This paper uses the sample system Si3N4-SiO2-AlN-Al2O3-YN-Y2O3 to demonstrate the process of designing ceramics with optimum properties.
Archives and Manuscripts: Historical Antecedents to Contemporary Chicano Collections

Possibly one of the greatest misconceptions about Chicano historiography is the view that published intellectual writings by Chicanos are of recent vintage, traceable only over several decades. This assumption is in part supported by the large and growing body of contemporary published materials by and about Chicanos, especially within the past 15 years.
A new loss-excitation relay

INTEREST has been growing in loss-of-excitation protection for synchronous generators, particularly where light-load operation with reduced excitation makes impossible the use of field undercurrent and undervoltage relays. Many differential-analyzer studies have been made of the loss-of-excitation characteristic, and these combined with recent relay developments have resulted in a simple relay having greater selectivity than has heretofore been available.
Evidence for Whom? ASHA's National Outcomes Measurement System.

Abstract The growth of managed care and increasing demands by school systems resulted in of a number of new audiences looking for the evidence underlying the practice of speech-language pathology (SLP). Third-party payers, operating in an environment emphasizing “return-on-investment,” sought data linking expenditures on SLP services with tangible outcomes affecting resource utilization, such as required level of care and ability to discharge. ASHA’s National Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS) was developed to address these types of needs. This paper provides an overview of NOMS and its intended uses in the field. Learning outcomes (1) Readers will understand the rationale behind the development of NOMS. (2) Readers will be aware of the strengths and limitations of NOMS.
A comparison of circulatory and calcification changes induced in the mandibular condyle, tibial epiphyseal and articular cartilages of the guinea pig by the onset and healing of scurvy

Abstract The changes in the capillary and calcification patterns of the mandibular condyle, tibial epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage have been compared in scorbutic guinea pigs. In the scorbutic tibial epiphyseal cartilage the vascular picture was one of progressive disorganization and disruption with an overall reduction in both the metaphyseal and epiphyseal blood supply of the cartilaginous plate. In the articular and condylar cartilages the onset of scurvy brought on a similar but less drastic disruption of the organized capillary patterns. The mineralization of the scorbutic epiphyseal and articular cartilages included the entire hypertrophic zone while this did not appear to be the case in the scorbutic condylar cartilage. In the tibias of the ascorbic acid-treated animals there was a gradual recovery of the normal capillary and calcification patterns, and the reconstruction process was completed by 72-hr post-injection. The articular and condylar cartilages showed a similar but faster repair of the capillary patterns and coincident with these changes was the return of the normal calcification picture. It is considered that the absence of the gerustmark and trummerfeld zones beneath the condylar and articular cartilages is responsible for the less drastic changes as well as the faster repair in these areas. It is suggested the capillary endothelium gives rise to the chondroclasts responsible for the erosion of the condylar cartilage and that ascorbic acid has an action on the differentiation of these cells.
The effect of children on adult demands for health-risk reductions

We examine patterns in adults' willingness to pay for health-risk reductions. We allow both their marginal utilities of income and their marginal disutilities from health risks to vary systematically with the structures of their households. Demand by adults for programs which reduce their own health risks is found to be influenced by (1) their parenthood status, (2) the numbers of children in different age brackets currently in their households, (3) the ages of the adults themselves, (4) the latency period before they would fall ill, and (5) whether there will still be children in the household at that time. For younger adults, willingness to pay by parents is greater than for non-parents, and increases with each additional young child. For middle-aged adults, willingness to pay for corresponding risk reductions falls when teenagers are present and falls further with each additional teenager in the household. Language: en
Competitive and reversible binding of a guest molecule to its host in aqueous solution through molecular dynamics simulation: Benzyl alcohol/β-cyclodextrin system

Understanding the fundamental principles that govern the binding of a guest molecule to its host and accurate prediction of the binding mode of the guest/host complex are important goals in guest−host chemistry and have implications in structure-based drug design. In this paper, we report our computational investigation of benzyl alcohol (the guest) binding to β-cyclodextrin (the host) in the presence of explicit water molecules using both the self-guided molecular dynamics (SGMD) simulation method and conventional MD simulation method. The simulation system was constructed in such a way that 6 guest and 1 host molecules were solvated in a cubic water box of 35 A in dimension. Two SGMD simulations were performed for 1.5 ns and 2.5 ns at 300 K, respectively, starting from uncomplexed, two totally different initial configurations of the guest and host molecules. In both SGMD simulations, competitive and reversible binding of the guest molecules to the host is observed. Analysis of the simulation trajectorie...
Assessment of Blood Flow Distal to Coronary Artery Stenoses Correlations Between Myocardial Positron Emission Tomography and Poststenotic Intracoronary Doppler Flow Reserve

Background Previous studies have correlated quantitative coronary angiographic stenosis severity with positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion and proximal measurements of intracoronary flow velocities in normal and diseased coronary arteries. The aim of this study was to correlate regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) derived from [15O]H2O PET with directly measured poststenotic intracoronary Doppler flow velocity data acquired under basal conditions and dipyridamole-induced hyperemia. Methods and Results Eleven consecutive patients 53±13 years old with ischemic chest pain and isolated proximal left coronary artery stenoses (left anterior descending, 9; left circumflex, 2; mean, 59±23% diameter stenosis) underwent [15O]H2O myocardial PET and intracoronary Doppler flow velocity studies within 1 week. PET RMBF (mL·g−1·min−1) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) were calculated in poststenotic and normal reference vascular beds. Poststenotic Doppler average peak flow velocities (APV; cm/s) ...
Authentication graphs

User authentication over the network builds a foundation of trust within large-scale computer networks. The collection of this network authentication activity provides valuable insight into user behavior within an enterprise network. Representing this authentication data as a set of user-specific graphs and graph features, including time-constrained attributes, enables novel and comprehensive analysis opportunities. We show graph-based approaches to user classification and intrusion detection with practical results. We also show a method for assessing network authentication trust risk and cyber attack mitigation within an enterprise network using bipartite authentication graphs. We demonstrate the value of these graph-based approaches on a real-world authentication data set collected from an enterprise network.
Culture conditions affect the ability of ex vivo expanded peripheral blood progenitor cells to accelerate hematopoietic recovery

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various ex vivo expansion conditions on the cell products and their ability to accelerate hematopoietic recovery in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Patients and Methods. Unselected peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) from 43 breast cancer patients were seeded into gas-permeable bags containing serum-free media, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, and pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor. Between 2 and 24 × 10 9 PBPCs were cultured at 1, 2, or 3 × 10 6 cells/mL for 9 to 14 days. The expanded PBPCs and cryopreserved PBPCs containing at least 5 × 10 6 CD34 + cells/kg were infused following completion of high-dose chemotherapy. Results. Increasing culture duration from 9 to 11–14 days significantly improved the expanded cell yield and fold expansion, whereas increasing PBPC seeding density above 10 6 cells/mL had the opposite effect. The expanded cell dose was the only culture variable that correlated significantly with the time to neutrophil recovery ( r = − 0.66; p = 0.0001). Study patients had significantly faster neutrophil ( p p = 0.001) recovery, reduced red cell transfusions ( p = 0.01), and shorter hospital stays ( p 10 PBPCs at 10 6 cells/mL, then cultured for 11 days. The six patients in that cohort experienced 2.8 ± 1 days of absolute neutropenia and had neutrophil recovery 5.7 ± 0.8 days post-transplant; none had a neutropenic fever or required intravenous antibiotics. Conclusion. Unselected PBPCs expanded ex vivo significantly impact hematopoietic recovery following high-dose therapy. Optimization of the expansion conditions enhances the efficacy of this cell product.
Biomechanical manipulation: the next frontier in corneal refractive surgery.

doi:10.3928/1081597X-20090917-04 T he fi rst thing that the reader might question in viewing this editorial is “What does he mean by biomechanical manipulation?” It is true that corneal biomechanics has been a relatively new, hot topic in refractive surgery, but why manipulation? To answer this question, let me go back to the beginning of refractive surgery to outline a trend in the way our fi eld has evolved.
Stern-Gerlach Deflection of Metallic-Cluster Beams

Supersonic argon beams containing clusters of from 1 to 100 potassium atoms show magnetic deflection patterns with three components: atoms, undeflectable clusters comprising mainly even numbers of atoms, and clusters with odd numbers of atoms. The magnetic moments of the light odd clusters are approximately 1..mu../sub B/.
Glycosylation in the nucleus and cytoplasm

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 841 BINDING STUDIES USING LECTINS .. .. "........ 843 Lectin Binding Sites in the Nucleus"""""""""" . . """ . . " . . . . " . . " . . """" . . . . . . . 843 Lectin Binding Sites in the Cytoplasm 848 BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ... . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . 849 General Compositional Analyses and Metabolic Labeling Studies ... ... """""...... 849 High Mobility Group Glycoproteins"""""""""""" . ......... """""""""" . . . . . 851 Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans 851 Glycogenin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 Viruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine-Bearing Glycoproteins 858 NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC SACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEINS""""""" 863 Endogenous Lectins . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . ...... . . . ..... 863 Glycosidases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 Glycosyltransferases ...... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 867 FUTURE DIRECTIONS . . . . 868
Output Formulation for Symmetrically Excited One-to- $N$ Multimode Interference Coupler

In this paper, we present a closed form formulation for the output signals of one-to-N multimode interference coupler under symmetric excitation. We derive the output ports phases and show that the output phase has a quadratic dependence on the output port number. Using beam propagation simulations, we compare the analytical phase profile with the simulation results for different waveguiding structures. In the case of Si/SiO2 structures, our formulation predicts the output phase profile with errors not more than about 1°. Finally, we show that nonideal effects, such as limited number of guided modes, modal phase errors, and extension of the field profile into the cladding layers have minimal effects on the phase profile in comparison with the output amplitudes. These results can be used in variety of optoelectronic applications, where the knowledge of the phase profile is crucial, such as optical phased arrays.
Application of the singular value decomposition to aperture synthesis with boundary arrays

It is shown how arrays consisting of sensors arranged only on the boundary of a planar region can be used to synthesize the effect of a more densely populated array. Such boundary arrays can simultaneously achieve good resolution and low sidelobes, using relatively few sensor elements compared with 'filled' arrays. One essentially compensates for the missing elements from the interior of the boundary array by performing extra processing of the data. The authors focus on aperture synthesis techniques for passive imaging of spatially incoherent sources for some particular array geometries, namely the cross array and rectangular and triangular boundary arrays. Results are stated purely in terms of discrete arrays, and it is shown that the singular value decomposition provides a convenient solution to the aperture synthesis problem in this framework. >
Varying Target Prevalence Reveals Two Dissociable Decision Criteria in Visual Search

Target prevalence powerfully influences visual search behavior. In most visual search experiments, targets appear on at least 50% of trials [1-3]. However, when targets are rare (as in medical or airport screening), observers shift response criteria, leading to elevated miss error rates [4, 5]. Observers also speed target-absent responses and may make more motor errors [6]. This could be a speed/accuracy tradeoff with fast, frequent absent responses producing more miss errors. Disproving this hypothesis, our experiment one shows that very high target prevalence (98%) shifts response criteria in the opposite direction, leading to elevated false alarms in a simulated baggage search. However, the very frequent target-present responses are not speeded. Rather, rare target-absent responses are greatly slowed. In experiment two, prevalence was varied sinusoidally over 1000 trials as observers' accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were measured. Observers' criterion and target-absent RTs tracked prevalence. Sensitivity (d') and target-present RTs did not vary with prevalence [7-9]. These results support a model in which prevalence influences two parameters: a decision criterion governing the series of perceptual decisions about each attended item, and a quitting threshold that governs the timing of target-absent responses. Models in which target prevalence only influences an overall decision criterion are not supported.
Performance modeling and simulation studies of MAC protocols in sensor network performance

The use of wireless sensor networks is essential for implementation of information and control technologies in precision agriculture. We present our design of network stack for such an application where sensor nodes periodically collect data from fixed locations in a field. Our design of the physical (PHY) layer consists of multiple power modes in both the receive and transmit operations for the purpose of achieving energy savings. In addition, MAC layer is designed which uses these multiple power modes to save energy during the wake-up synchronization phase. We also present analytical models and simulation studies to compare the energy consumption of our MAC protocol with that of the popular S-MAC protocol and show that our protocol has better energy efficiency as well as latency in a periodic data collection application.
Speaking an Elderly Body Into a Visible Space: Defining Moments

Elderly bodies have been pushed off television screens, rushed off sidewalks, and swerved off freeways, almost entirely socially abandoned. Reflecting on this lived reality, this narrative attempts to put an elderly body at the forefront of this discussion of embodiment and social (in)difference. In these pages, I reflect on defining moments in my research field spent with my closest informant, my “Senior Friend,” Joan. In performing these moments for readers, I privilege the body as lived and storied, and the narrative complicated by class, age, and ageism.
Using Search Volume for Surveillance of Medication Prescribing

Over the past five years, the potential for web search volume to provide insight into the present has become increasingly apparently. To date, much of these methods have focused on syndromic keywords and are not directly suitable for surveillance of less common or highly variable diseases. The more unique mapping between drug therapy had disease provides a potential workout this problem. We demonstrate the high degree of correlation between search volume and drug utilization and apply this method of keyword generation to modeling drug utilization, patent expirations and TB incidence in the US.
Analysis and modeling of microstrip-to-coplanar flip chip package interconnects

In this paper, the discontinuity of a flip chip transition between a microstrip line and a coplanar waveguide is investigated and modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) to predict the overall S-parameters of the package. Effects of the bump and via interconnects on the package performance are investigated and discussed. This includes the effects of different staggered transitions and ground connects on the package performance. A reduction of about 10 dB in the bump and via reflections can be achieved by staggering the signal (bump) and the ground connects (bump/via). A staggering distance of about twice the slot width gave minimum reflection over a wide band of frequencies. Moreover, the larger the relative distance between the ground and the center connects the less the reflection due to the discontinuity. Finally, the computed S-parameters of the flip chip package using the FDTD solution are used to develop an equivalent circuit model for the transition discontinuity over a wide frequency band. The equivalent circuit model of the microstrip to coplanar waveguide discontinuity includes more elements and is more complex than other types of transitions. A TEE or PI circuit model has been used to approximate the general circuit model of the discontinuity. Good agreement has been obtained between the S-parameters of the FDTD model and the equivalent circuit models over a wide frequency band. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 11: 202–211, 2001.
Miami Money and the Home Gal

SUMMARY Since the massive labor migrations of young adults from Haiti to North America and beyond that began more than two decades ago, protracted separation of husbands from wives and parents from children has caused severe hardship to the women left behind, especially to the mothers of young children. They suffer under the severity of the cultural commitment to patriarchy, yet they require for their survival their own economic autonomy. This article shows these contradictions as they are worked through in a dramatic event involving infidelity in a Haitian family compound. Eloquence and wit are practical strategies of poor Haitian women. Verbal adroitness can be an especially effective tactic in the volatile arena of conjugal politics, which are charged with contradictory cultural commitments to patriarchy, women's economic autonomy, and matricentric kinship. Since the massive labor migrations of young adults to North America and beyond, which began more than two decades ago, protracted separation of husbands from wives and parents from children has been added to this complex conjugal brew. The setting for these sexual contests is now a vast transnational space, and the medium for transmitting oratory is often a cassette tape. A long-distance confrontation between an articulate and beautiful Haitian "home gal" named Simone and her handsome, migrant "Miami" husband, Jean, is the subject of this discussion. Simone was caught in a purgatory felt by too many young wives of male migrants, dependent on a man who did not send enough money to support her and their children but who nevertheless demanded his wife's "respect" (sexual fidelity) for the length of his migration. Simone failed to give him his respect and became pregnant with a child fathered by another home man. Jean sent a cassette letter threatening to take their other children and place them with his maternal kin. When Simone, contrite, went to Jean's home relatives to receive their final damnation, Jean's aunt—a woman well respected for her thunderous eloquence—intervened. Jean's aunt used her loud theatrics to subtly undermine the family's project. She salvaged Simone's honor and, more subtly, Jean's reputation as well.
A prospective study of an alemtuzumab containing reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplant program in patients with poor-risk and advanced lymphoid malignancies.

AbstractReduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens for allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) have used alemtuzumab to abrogate the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Thirty-eight patients with advanced lymphoma underwent a prospective phase II study of melphalan, fludarabine and alemtuzumab containing RIC allo-SCT from 20 matched related and 18 unrelated donors with cyclosporine-A as GVHD prophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute GVHD at 3 months was 10.5% and three evaluable patients experienced chronic GVHD. Progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival at 5 years was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13–40%) and 44% (95% CI: 28–59%), respectively. Previous high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT-ASCT) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the time of allo-SCT resulted in inferior OS. Within this cohort of patients with high-risk lymphoma, alemtuzumab containing RIC resulted in a low risk of GVHD and a high incidence of progression of disease,...
New Lower Bounds for the Snake-In-The-Box Problem: Using Evolutionary Techniques to Hunt for Snakes

The snake-in-the-box problem is a difficult problem in mathematics and computer science that was first described by Kautz in the late 1950’s (Kautz 1958). Snake-in-the-box codes have many applications in electrical engineering, coding theory, and computer network topologies. Generally, the longer the snake for a given dimension, the more useful it is in these applications (Klee 1970). By applying a relatively recent evolutionary search algorithm known as a population-based stochastic hill-climber, new lower bounds were achieved for the longest snake in each of the dimensions nine through twelve and the longest coil in each of the dimensions nine through eleven.
The Impact of Suburbanization on Fluvial Geomorphology

Analysis of aerial photography for the period 1950-1971 and field data collected from 1970 to 1974 indicate that in the Denver area suburban development has caused significant changes in fluvial systems. By first introducing large quantities of sediment and later by increasing surface runoff, suburban development leads to an expansion of floodplains followed by downcutting of streams. As areas of suburban development increase, greater percentages of stream lengths are dominated by transportation, and lesser percentages are dominated by erosion and deposition. Rapid expansion of the suburban area of southeast Denver, Colorado, has pushed housing development into two small drainage basins in the Meadow Hills area, causing significant changes in the fluvial systems of the basins. Previous studies of the impact of suburban development on streams in other areas have emphasized increased discharges associated with increased amounts of impervious surface and large sediment yields that result from surficial disruption [Leopold, 1968]. Recent research has revealed that as suburbanization progresses, the stream channels become larger to handle larger, more frequent flood peaks [Hammer, 1972]. Analysis of aerial photographs taken several times from 1950 to 1971 and field measurements made in the period 1970-1974 indicate that the fluvial geomorphic systems in the two basins have responded to the process of suburban development by changes
Evidence for axial-like pairing in UPt3 from ultrasonic attenuation

Abstract The ultrasonic attenuation for a superconductor with generalized pairing is calculated via a scalar quasi-particle Boltzman equation in the relaxation time approximation, in the hydrodynamic limit ql ≪ 1. We find that the attenuation follows a power law as a function of temperature T if the gap vanishes at points or lines on the Fermi surface. With an axial-like quasi-particle excitation spectrum (gap vanishing at points on the Fermi surface) we obtain T2 behavior for the sound attenuation, which is consistent with the recently measured attenuation for the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3 [1].
An aspect-based approach to modeling access control concerns

Specifying, enforcing and evolving access control policies is essential to prevent security breaches and unavailability of resources. These access control design concerns impose requirements that allow only authorized users to access protected computer-based resources. Addressing these concerns in a design results in the spreading of access control functionality across several design modules. The pervasive nature of access control functionality makes it difficult to evolve, analyze, and enforce access control policies. To tackle this problem, we propose using an aspect-oriented modeling(AOM) approach for addressing access control concerns. In the AOM approach, functionality that addresses a pervasive access control concern is localized in an aspect. Other functional design concerns are addressed in a model of the application referred to as a primary model. Composing access control aspects with a primary model results in an application model that addresses access control concerns. We illustrate our approach using a form of Role-Based Access Control. q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Identification of road/tyre induced noise transmission paths in a vehicle

This paper concerns an experimental study conducted to evaluate the relative importance on road/tyre induced noise transmission paths in a vehicle. An instrumented vehicle with four accelerometers, two on the right front axle and two on the left rear axle (one in the vertical and the other in the fore and aft direction), and a microphone near the driver's head position, was run under coastdown condition. The tape rewarded data was analysed using the technique of multiple and partial coherence function analysis to define the contribution of interior noise transmitted via these paths - i.e., right front and left rear tyres. For the vehicle tested it was found that about 36% of the sound energy reaching inside the vehicle could be accounted for considering these paths only.
Optimization of catholyte concentration and anolyte pHs in two chamber microbial electrolysis cells

Abstract The hydrogen production rate in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) using a non-buffered saline catholyte (NaCl) can be optimized through proper control of the initial anolyte pH and catholyte NaCl concentration. The highest hydrogen yield of 3.3 ± 0.4 mol H2/mole acetate and gas production rate of 2.2 ± 0.2 m3 H2/m3/d were achieved here with an initial anolyte pH = 9 and catholyte NaCl concentration of 98 mM. Further increases in the salt concentration substantially reduced the anolyte pH to as low as 4.6, resulting in reduced MEC performance due to pH inhibition of exoelectrogens. Cathodic hydrogen recovery was high (rcat > 90%) as hydrogen consumption by hydrogenotrophic methanogens was prevented by separating the anode and cathode chambers using a membrane. These results show that the MEC can be optimized for hydrogen production through proper choices in the concentration of a non-buffered saline catholyte and initial anolyte pH in two chamber MECs.