cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wireless Channel Quality Prediction using Sparse Gaussian Conditional Random Fields

Accurate wireless channel quality prediction over 4G LTE networks continues to be an important problem as future channel predictions are widely leveraged to meet the strict requirements of applications such as 360-degree video, ARlVR, and online games. The availability of large amounts of wireless channel data, the increase in computational power and the advancements in the field of machine learning provide us the opportunity to design learning-based approaches to address the channel quality prediction problem. In this paper, we design discriminative sequence-to-sequence probabilistic graphical models, specifically sparse Gaussian Conditional Random Fields (GCRF) models to accurately predict future channel quality variations in 4G LTE networks based on past channel quality data. In contrast to prior work that has primarily focused on designing parsimonious Markovian models or computationally-intensive deep learning models, the sparse GCRF models designed here provide superior performance while being highly interpretable and computationally efficient, thus making them an ideal choice for practical deployment. To validate the efficacy of our sparse GCRF model, we compare its performance (i.e., root mean squared error and mean absolute error) with i) linear regression and ii) ARIMA and iii) the state-of-the-art deep learning model on real-world 4G LTE channel quality data collected under varying levels of user mobility for two cellular operators and observe that the GCRF model provides significantly higher performance improvement.
Cartilage Restoration of Bipolar Lesions Within the Patellofemoral Joint Delays Need for Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Rates of Failure.

Purpose The purpose of the present review is to systematically review the available literature for failure rates and complications of cartilage restoration of bipolar chondral defects in the patellofemoral (PF) joint to assess the ability to treat these lesions without arthroplasty. Methods PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried between 2000 to 2020 using the keywords “osteochondral” and “knee” and “microfracture,” “autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI),” or “transplantation.” Patient selection included patients with bipolar chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint that were treated with cartilage restoration procedures. Treatment of PF joints were reviewed for surgical indications/technique, rates of failure, defect characteristics, and time to failure. For the purposes of this study, failure was defined by each individual author on their respective studies. Results After screening 1,295 articles, there were 8 publications analyzed quantitatively and 10 articles analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. A total of 249 knees involved bipolar lesions of the patellofemoral joint. The weighted average age was 36.5 ± 10.4 years, and weighted average follow-up was 89.0 ± 31.7 months. There were failures in 0% to 50% of cases, revision procedures in 0% to 10% of cases, conversion to arthroplasty in in 0% to 50% of cases, and unsatisfactory outcome without revision in 0% to 8.3% of cases. The range in average failure rate was 0% to 50.0% (I2 = 68.0%), whereas the range in average time to failure was 2.9 to 6.8 years (I2 = 79.0%). Conclusion From the available data, established cartilage restoration procedures may provide favorable patient-reported function, avoidance of secondary surgery, and joint preservation in at least 80% of patients at short- to mid-term follow-up. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
Evaluation of Hospital-Based Acute Care Utilization by Uninsured Patients Enrolled in Free or Low-Cost Pharmacy Programs

Background: Research is warranted to define the role of affordable pharmacy programs in optimizing healthcare utilization for uninsured patients. Methods: This was a pre-post study including uninsured patients from an internal medicine residency clinic who enrolled in free or low-cost pharmacy programs with clinical pharmacist support. Results: In the period following program enrollment (N=116), there was a mean decrease of 0.23 acute care encounters (hospitalizations and emergency department [ED] visits) per patient (p=0.0210, 95% CI 0.04-0.43). The mean decrease for hospitalizations was also statistically significant (0.17, p=0.0052, 95% CI 0.05-0.28), but the mean decrease for ED visits was not (0.06, p=0.3771, 95% CI -0.08-0.21). Using the national average hospitalization cost of $10,700, the decrease in hospitalizations represents an estimated savings of $246,100. Conclusions: Enrollment in affordable pharmacy programs was found to be associated with decreased acute care encounters.
Nixon Confronts the Welfare State

The Nixon presidency is often read as having both conservative and liberal aspects. His policies toward the welfare state are indicative of such an assessment. His administration introduced a Republican alternative to the liberal articulation of social policy. Breaking with the traditional Republican response of resistance, the Nixon administration took the first haphazard steps toward a new market-based reconstitution of the welfare state. However, conservative inclination toward paternalism qualified Republican support for market-based social policy. By reviewing Nixon’s innovative policy positions toward welfare, housing, and health, this article both underscores and reevaluates Skowronek’s theory of how to characterize preemptive presidents.
Glycosidases of Phaseolus vulgaris I. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE

Abstract A highly purified preparation of the enzyme, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, has been obtained in a four-step purification procedure from the germinating seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. The enzyme hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside. The pH optimum for this reaction is 4.6, and apparent Km and Vmax values are 4.7 x 10-4 m and 7 µmoles per min per mg, respectively. The preparation also shows β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity. The enzyme has no action on phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside and, therefore, appears to be specific for glycosidic bonds of β configuration. It cleaves the nonreducing terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose residues from glycopeptides derived from desialyzed fetuin and orosomucoid; these glycopeptides had been previously treated with β-galactosidase. The enzyme also releases 1 of the 2 residues of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose from the oligosaccharide chain of the intact bovine pancreatic ribonuclease B.
Growth technique for producing high quality superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals

High quality single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) have been grown in yttria-stabilized zirconia crucibles by using a flux method. This method yields crystals with area 3 to 4 times larger than a previous method, and 3 to 5 times more crystals. Several crystals as large as 3×4mm2 in thea-b plane are routinely obtained from each crucible. The samples typically range from 10 to 60 μm thick. The superconductivity transition temperatureTc of the crystals, measured by magnetic susceptibility, falls in the range 92.5 to 93 K and the smallest transition width (10 to 90%) is less than 0.25 K. Compared with the previous method, the surface is generally smoother, with less flux, and larger untwinned regions of 1 x 1 mm2 are usually found.
Food cravings mediate the relationship between chronic stress and body mass index

This study examined the relationships between chronic stress, food cravings, and body mass index. A community-based sample of adults (N = 619) completed a comprehensive assessment battery and heights and weights were measured. Chronic stress had a significant direct effect on food cravings, and food cravings had a significant direct effect on body mass index. The total effect of chronic stress on body mass index was significant. Food cravings partially mediated the relationship between chronic stress and body mass index. These findings are consistent with research that chronic stress may potentiate motivation for rewarding substances and behaviors and indicate that high food cravings may contribute to stress-related weight gain.
AT&T Mobility and the Future of Small Claims Arbitration

Small claims arbitration has not received much attention from dispute system designers and scholars. Several coalescing developments require a reassessment of the small claims arbitration process: (1) the Supreme Court’s strong endorsement of the Federal Arbitration Act and arbitration as a favored dispute resolution mechanism, (2) the proliferation of pre-dispute arbitration clauses in consumer products and services agreements, (3) the judicialization of arbitration, and (4) most recently, the Court’s condemnation, in AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, which held that the FAA preempts a California rule that declared class arbitration waivers in consumer contracts unconscionable, of class arbitration as a procedural device to resolve aggregable yet arbitrable low dollar value claims. The article describes the primary features of the two options remaining for the Concepcions – small claims court and small claims arbitration, as well as their perceived advantages and disadvantages. The article also examines whether simplified arbitration is a fair method of resolving small arbitration claims, and explores other dispute resolution models for resolving small dollar value commercial disputes, including on-line dispute resolution, telephonic arbitration and a small claims arbitrator. The article concludes by urging dispute system designers to consider changing the default mechanism of arbitrating small claims cases from paper or “desk” arbitration to a live hearing before a small claims arbitrator.
Enzymatic Synthesis of a Blood Group B-related Pentaglycosylceramide by an α-Galactosyltransferase from Rabbit Bone Marrow

Abstract An α-galactosyltransferase that catalyzes the biosynthesis in vitro of blood group B-specific pentaglycosylceramide from UDP-[14C]galactose and O-β-galactosyl (1→3)-O-β-(N-acetyl) glucosaminosyl (1←3)-O-β-galactosyl (1→4)-O-β-glucosyl (1 →1) ceramide was detected in homogenates of adult rabbit bone marrow. The enzyme was present in the supernatant solution obtained after homogenization of rabbit bone marrow in the presence of 0.6% Triton X-100 and centrifugation at 100,000 x g. The enzyme was precipitated from the supernatant solution at 0 to 45% saturation with ammonium sulfate. The 14C product of the reaction was isolated, purified, and analyzed for its constituents. It inhibited the hemagglutination reaction of human B-type cells and rabbit erythrocytes against human anti-B serum. The terminal [14C]galactose was cleaved 85% by the action of fig α-galactosidase. The Km values were 1.67 x 10-3 m and 1.43 x 10-4 m for the tetraglycosylceramide (LacTet-cer) and UDP-galactose, respectively.
Immunologic properties of protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes. IV. Circumventing suppression in immunologically tolerant animals.

Abstract Mice which have been rendered immunologically tolerant to lysozyme by neonatal exposure to this antigen contain suppressor cells as demonstrated by cellular cotransfer experiments. Nevertheless these mice can be induced to respond to lysozyme by immunization with a lysozyme-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) complex. Such immunization results in a primary antibody response but not in induction of immunological memory. However, B-cell priming can be demonstrated in these animals. Similar induction of B-cell priming in normal animals is shown to be T-cell dependent, thus confirming earlier evidence that lysozyme-LPS is a thymus-dependent reagent. The possible mechanisms which underlie these findings are discussed.
“Persistent Juvenile” T-Wave Pattern May Not Be Persistent: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract Background T-wave inversions (TWI) can signify serious pathology, but may also represent a benign variant. One such variant has been termed the "persistent juvenile" T-wave pattern (PJTWP). It is characterized by TWI in the right precordium, and has been understood to represent an arrested stage of the normal electrocardiographic evolution from childhood. Case Report A series of four African-American (AA) women, ages 20 to 43 years, presented to the Emergency Department, and were found to have right precordial TWI that was absent on prior electrocardiograms. The diagnostic evaluation did not reveal acute cardiopulmonary causes for these new TWIs. Why Should An Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? The "persistent" juvenile pattern may not be actually persistent in the individual patient. In an appropriate patient, such as a young AA woman, where acute cardiopulmonary disease has been reasonably ruled out, the finding of new right precordial TWI should not preclude the diagnosis of PJTWP.
Isolation of an ammonium or methylammonium ion transport mutant of Escherichia coli and complementation by the cloned gene.

Abstract During nitrogen-limited growth, Escherichia coli expresses a specific ammonium or methylammonium ion transport system (Amt). Strains carrying defects in Amt have been isolated following Tn10 transposon mutagenesis. These mutants have less than 10% of the transport activity of the parental strain. Glutamate, glutamine, arginine, or high levels (20 mM) of ammonium will serve as the sole nitrogen source for growth of these strains, and glutamine synthetase is normally expressed and repressed by the nitrogen regulatory (Ntr) system. When transformed with plasmid pGln84, containing lacZ fused to an Ntr promoter (glnLp), the Amt mutants expressed a normal level of beta-galactosidase. Furthermore, P1 bacteriophage transduction of the amt mutation into an Ntr mutant, normally constitutive for Amt, gave Amt- transductants. Therefore, the mutations are unlikely to lie within genes affecting Ntr elements. Following transformation with plasmid libraries of E. coli genomic DNA constructed in pUC9, two plasmids conferring the Amt+ phenotype on the amt mutants were isolated. These plasmids were unable to complement the Amt- phenotype of Ntr- mutants. Restriction digestion of these plasmids revealed common fragments, and Southern blot analyses indicated that the Amt-complementing sequence and the site of Tn10 insertion in the genome occur in the same 3.4-kilobase HindIII-SalI fragment. Insertion of TnphoA into this fragment produced amt::phoA fusions which gave high levels of alkaline phosphatase under nitrogen-limiting conditions but low levels during ammonia excess. This suggests that the amt product contains domains which are exported to the periplasm.
Synergistic Cooperation between the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Steroidogenic Factor 1 in the Activation of the Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Type II Receptor

Mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor (MISRII) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Mutations in mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) or MISRII cause male sexual abnormalities, persistent mullerian duct syndrome, and pseudohermaphroditism. The spatial and temporal regulation of MIS and MISRII is important for its biological action. Male Wnt7a mutant mice do not undergo regression of mullerian ducts. Here we showed that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulated MISRII. The promoter MISRII was activated by beta-catenin expression, and this activation was dependent on TCF4-binding sites. The nuclear receptor superfamily member steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) synergistically activated the MISRII promoter with beta-catenin. APC, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, decreased SF1-mediated activation of the MISRII promoter in the colon carcinoma cell line SW480. We also showed a direct physical interaction between beta-catenin and SF1 by co-immunoprecipitation. Thus, our findings suggest that MISRII is a developmental target of Wnt7a signaling for mullerian duct regression during sexual differentiation.
Prostate Cancer, Serum Parathyroid Hormone, and the Progression of Skeletal Metastases

Bony metastases from prostate cancer are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. These metastases are predominantly blastic (bone-forming) and commonly cause increased serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) as calcium ions are transferred from serum into blastic bone. The epidemiologic and clinical significance of secondary hyperparathyroidism in advanced prostate cancer have not been widely appreciated. Prostate cancer bony metastases show increased expression of the PTH receptor (PTH-IR) and PTH promotes the growth and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in bone. Thus, blastic metastases appear to induce a "vicious cycle" in which PTH resorbs normal bone to support the growth of blastic bone. Recognition of the potential role of PTH in the progression of skeletal metastases suggests novel opportunities for prostate cancer secondary prevention. In particular, we propose that suppressing serum PTH in advanced prostate cancer may reduce morbidity by decreasing fractures and pain caused by bone resorption and may reduce mortality by retarding the progression of metastatic disease.
Design and implementation of a low power mobile CPU based embedded system for artificial leg control

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new neural-machine-interface (NMI) for control of artificial legs. The requirements of high accuracy, real-time processing, low power consumption, and mobility of the NMI place great challenges on the computation engine of the system. By utilizing the architectural features of a mobile embedded CPU, we are able to implement our decision-making algorithm, based on neuromuscular phase-dependant support vector machines (SVM), with exceptional accuracy and processing speed. To demonstrate the superiority of our NMI, real-time experiments were performed on an able bodied subject with a 20ms window increment. The 20ms testing yielded accuracies of 99.94% while executing our algorithm efficiently with less than 11% processor loads.
Response to Christopher Boehm's Comments

Christopher Boehm is one of the rare anthropologist who has a worldwide reputation both as a specialist in ethnology and in primate behavior. It is a pleasure to read his fascinating and important essay, and I hope it will receive widespread attention. In my essay I (Pryor 2003) surveyed a number of aspects of human and nonhuman primate economies and then generalized from these results to reach what I believed to be the crucial difference between them and us. More specifically, humans have institutions – deliberate rules and regulations to structure, interactions with others of the same species and to govern joint economic activities – while other animals do not. By ‘deliberate’ I mean having significant differences within different groups of the same species and demonstrating individualistic behavior. Boehm has a greatly different research strategy and focuses sharp attention on a much narrower range of behaviors, namely on communal property arrangements for the sharing of meat, a critical trait which he finds among humans but not among bonobos and chimpanzees—those primates most closely (in a genetic sense) related to us. 1 While I believe his analysis of the communal rights resulting in the sharing of big game to be extremely insightful, I have several reservations. First, I wonder if we shouldn’t look at other differences between us and our simian cousins as well, especially since meat eating constitutes a quite unimportant part of the diets of most non-human primates and many humans as well. Second, in some cases in those human societies where meat constitutes a relatively small share of the diet, the sharing of large game appears to have little to do with variance reduction per se and more to do with the fact that such meat spoils quickly and is difficult for nomads to store, so that the primary motive for sharing it is to reduce wastage. 2 Third, in certain tropical areas of the world (where most non-human primates live), variance-reduction through meat sharing is not vital for survival for either human or non-human primates. In brief, I am not sure that the key difference between humans and their closest simian cousins should be defined as narrowly as the sharing of meat. At the present time, however, it is difficult to say at what level of generality and what range of behaviors should be taken into account in distinguishing humans from other primates, but I hope that the differences between his results and mine will reopen other lines of enquiry in this important issue. I also have two minor questions about this essay that deserve brief mention.
Exact results for a Hubbard chain with long-range hopping.

We give the exact spectrum and thermodynamics for a long-range hopping Hubbard chain with linear dispersion. This model exhibits a Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition at half filling when the interaction strength U equals the bandwidth W. The solution for U\ensuremath{\gg}W also covers the corresponding t-J model, which reduces to the spin model of Haldane and Shastry at half filling. We mention possible extensions of the model in one and higher dimensions.
Intertidal stromatolites in a fringing Holocene reef complex, Bahamas

Intertidal stromatolites are major components of a fringing Holocene reef complex at Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, Bahamas. Trapping and binding of fine-grained carbonate sand by microorganisms, primarily filamentous cyanobacteria and diatoms, and differential lithification of sediment have produced layered structures with up to 0.5 m of relief. Formation of these stromatolites in an environment of normal marine salinity is attributed to reduced competition from crustose red algae, availability of a stable substrate, and rapid cementation. Destruction of lamination in Stocking Island stromatolites by molluscs, sponges, and worms suggests that boring invertebrates play a key role in stromatolite preservation.
On the Wigner distribution function for an oscillator

Abstract We present two new derivations of the Wigner distribution function for a simple harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian. Both methods are facilitated using a formula which expresses the Wigner function as a simple trace. The first method of derivation then utilizes a modification of a theorem due to Messiah. An alternative procedure makes use of the coherent state representation of an oscillator. The Wigner distribution function gives a semiclassical joint probability for finding the system with given coordinates and momenta, and the joint probability is factorable for the special case of an oscillator. An important application of this result occurs in the theory of nuclear fission for calculating the probability distributions for the masses, kinetic energies, and vibrational energies of the fission fragments at infinite separation.
RTN/Nogo in forming Alzheimer's neuritic plaques

One of the pathological hallmarks in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of neuritic plaques, in which amyloid deposits are surrounded by reactive gliosis and dystrophic neurites. Within neuritic plaques, reticulon 3 (RTN3), a homolog of Nogo protein, appears to regulate the formation of both amyloid deposition via negative modulation of BACE1 activity and dystrophic neurites via the formation of RTN3 aggregates. Transgenic mice over-expressing RTN3, but not the other known markers of dystrophic neurites in AD brain, spontaneously develop RTN3-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites. The presence of dystrophic neurites impairs cognition. Blocking abnormal RTN3 aggregation will increase the available RTN3 monomer and is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing cognitive function in AD patients.
Production of IgG and IgM from murine hybridomas adapted to newborn calf serum

Application of NCS as the serum supplement in media has been shown to be effective for antibody production for the cell lines tested. High levels of antibody titers in the supernatant can be obtained in a fedbatch culture. The secretion rates in the fedbatch cultures are within an order of magnitude of the optimalin vivo secretion rate of 1 μg/106cell·hr. Replacement of FCS by NCS, where possible, should be considered as an economically viable option for serum supplemented large scale cell culture.
The Unpast: Elite Violence and Social Control in Brazil, 1954–2000 – By R. S. Rose

Brazilian history occurs on different levels played out in the form of a multitiered existential chessboard. Not one of the board's pieces nor its moves across a particular level provides an adequa...
Does androgen affect axonal transport of cholera toxin HRP in spinal motoneurons

We examined the effect of systemic androgen levels upon the rate at which lumbosacral motoneurons are labeled with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (CT-HRP) injected into target muscles. CT-HRP first reaches the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus between 8 and 10 h after injection into the bulbocavernosus muscle of adult male rats, but the number of motoneurons filled with CT-HRP does not differ between androgen-treated and control castrates at any of the time points examined. Thus, contrary to current speculation, we found no evidence that androgen can affect retrograde transport of CT-HRP by rat motoneurons.
A proposal for a gradient magnetometer atom interferometer

We propose the utilization of atom interferometry techniques for the measurement of magnetic fields in noisy environments. We find that the interferometer we propose is insensitive (to first order) to the magnetic field but is sensitive to the field gradient. We propose a technique by which a superposition of magnetically sensitive states (a beam splitter) can be achieved. We experimentally demonstrate our techniques to null the magnetic field at the location of a cold atom cloud and how we can probe the population of magnetic sublevels.
Ion Heating in ATC Tokamak in the Ion-Cyclotron Range of Frequencies

Ion heating by irradiation of rf fields in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies is investigated using several diagnostic techniques. It is shown that substantial heating of the bulk of the ions can be achieved by this method.
Examination of load-balancing methods to improve efficiency of a composite materials manufacturing process simulation under uncertainty using distributed computing

Process simulations play an important role in guiding process understanding and development, without requiring costly manufacturing trials. For process design under uncertainty, a large number of simulations is needed for an accurate convergence of the moments of the output distributions, which renders such stochastic analysis computationally intensive. This paper discusses the application of a basic distributed computing approach to reduce the computation time of a composite materials manufacturing process simulation under uncertainty. Specifically, several load-balancing methods are explored and analyzed to determine the best strategies given heterogeneous tasks and heterogeneous networks, especially when the individual task times cannot be predicted.
Adsorption and dissociation of disilane on Si(001) studied by STM

Abstract The surface-adsorbed fragments resulting from the room-temperature adsorption and dissociation of disilane (Si 2 H 6 ) on Si(001) are observed and identified using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The predominant fragments are H and SiH 2 , which are identified by the symmetries of their binding sites on the surface. H atoms often bind near single or double dimer vacancy defects. We find that adsorbed H atoms induce buckling of the dimer rows on the Si(001) surface, while SiH 2 groups do not. This difference is ascribed to differences in the electronic structure of the two surface-bound species. No systematic correlation between the positions of the SiH 2 groups is evident, which indicates that the fragments of a single disilane molecule are not localized in a small region. This fact suggests that at least some of the molecular fragments from disilane dissociation are mobile on the Si(001) surface at room temperature. Further decomposition of the SiH 2 fragments can be induced by annealing, which produces surface structures similar to those seen in molecular-beam epitaxial growth of silicon: small asymmetric islands form with low disilane coverages, whereas higher coverages give multilayer island growth.
Feedback Control of Decoherence: Systems Theoretical Approach

This paper outlines the recent work on control of Decoherence in Open Quantum systems using systems and control techniques and the corresponding theoretical results obtained.
Unusual Fe9 and Fe18 structural types from the use of 2,6-pyridinedimethanol in FeIII cluster chemistry

The syntheses, crystal structures and magnetochemical characterization are reported for two new FeIII complexes [Fe18O6(OH)8(pdm)10(pdmH)4(H2O)4](ClO4)10 (3) and [Fe9O4(OH)2(O2CMe)10(pdm)(pdmH)4](NO3) (4). They were synthesized from the use of the potentially O,N,O tridentate chelate, 2,6-pyridinedimethanol (pdmH2), in the presence or absence of carboxylate groups. Octadecanuclear complex 3 was obtained during reactivity studies on previously-reported [Fe8O3(OEt)(pdm)4(pdmH)4(EtOH)2](ClO4)5 (2), the latter undergoing hydrolysis to 3 on recrystallization from undried MeCN. The reaction of pdmH2 with preformed [Fe3O(O2CMe)6(py)3](NO3) in CH2Cl2 gave enneanuclear complex 4. Both complexes 3 and 4 are unprecedented structural types. The core of 3 comprises a central [Fe4O6] defective-dicubane attached on either side to a [Fe7O11] unit, which can be described as two [Fe4(μ4-O)] tetrahedra fused at a common Fe atom. The core of 4 can be considered as four vertex-fused triangular [Fe3(μ3-O)] units. Variable-temperature (T) and -field (H) solid-state dc and ac magnetization (M) studies were carried out on complexes 3 and 4 in the 1.8–300 K range. Analysis of the obtained data revealed that complexes 3 and 4 possess an S = 4 and S = 5/2 ground state spin, respectively.
CD148 and CD27 are expressed in B cell lymphomas derived from both memory and naïve B cells.

CD148 and CD27 are activation antigens involved in B cell and T cell activation and development. They have been recently proposed as markers of normal human memory B cells corresponding to the presence of somatically hypermutated IgV genes. We undertook an immunohistochemical study of CD148 and CD27 expression on neoplastic B cells in 116 cases of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), mantle cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and the vast majority of cases of marginal zone B cell lymphoma and most cases of plasmacytoma/myeloma expressed CD148 and CD27. Follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma were also immunoreactive for CD148 and CD27 with some variation and discordance in expression. Cases of precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia did not express CD148 or CD27. Our findings demonstrate that CD148 and CD27 are expressed in a wide range of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and, therefore, do not serve to distinguish between neoplastic cells of naive and memory B cell derivation.
Baroja's Rejection of Traditional Medicine in El árbol de la ciencia

El dolor es un conocimiento. El dolor es una fuerza impulsora del progreso.1 This would mean that health includes disease, and disease includes health.2 1Pio Baroja, ‘Sufrir y pensar’ (1899), in Ob...
Environmentalism and the right-to-know: Expanding the practice of democracy☆

Abstract In recent years, the practice of democracy in America has expanded significantly through guarantees of public access to government information. This access, in turn, assures that government, along with other major institutions, remains accountable to the public even as the authority invested in these institutions continues to expand. This democratic expansion is clearest in the arena of environmentalism. Throughout American history, ‘information’ has been recognized as an important component of democracy although it has only recently been embodied as an explicit instrument of public policy in the Freedom of Information Act and in environmental laws. Greater information access is intimately connected to greater public accountability. These two themes are perhaps best exemplified by environmental right-to-know laws. Environmental concerns have become a window into our broadening sense of participatory democracy.
Superficial Osteitis and Sequestrum Formation as a Result of Skin Avulsion in the Horse

Metatarsal injuries with exposed bone are described in seven horses. Superficial osteitis and sequestrum formation occurred in six of the seven horses. The basic pathophysiology includes local vascular stasis leading to ischemic necrosis of osteocytes and establishment of bacterial infection within dead bone. Radiographic features of superficial osteitis and sequestrum formation include reactive periosteal new bone formation, an area of radiodense necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by a radiolucent zone of granulation tissue, which in turn, is surrounded by an area of increased radiodensity (involucrum). The presence of a sequestrum may usually be confirmed radiographically by 12–14 days after injury. Surgical management included wound debridement, wound irrigation, bandaging or casting, sequestrectomy and skin grafting. Five of the seven patients required sequestrectomy, in one the sequestrum disappeared without removal. Mixed bacterial populations were commonly found in the wounds. No specific etiologic agent was associated with sequestrum formation.
Formation and Properties of 2Tb2O3· Al2O3

The compound 2Tb2O3· Al2O3 was fabricated, and selected properties were investigated. The room-temperature X-ray diffraction pattern was indexed and the lattice parameters were calculated. Powder density was determined and used to calculate the number of molecules per unit cell (Z). This allowed calculation of a theoretical density. The material was characterized with regard to thermal expansion and indentation hardness and toughness. It was found to exhibit a rapid and reversible polymorphic transformation at high temperature.
Imperfect sector antenna diversity in slotted ALOHA mobile network

In a wireless network with path loss and fading channels, receiver capture is known to substantially enhance the performance of the slotted ALOHA random access protocol. The efficiency of narrowband slotted ALOHA radio networks can be enhanced further by using sector antennas, each receiving signals from a particular segment of the network area. This paper investigates the effect of realistic, i.e., partially overlapping antenna patterns and the resulting correlation of received power levels at different receiver branches. A method is derived for computing the joint throughput from two base station receivers with overlapping antennas patterns. The a posteriori information provided by the event of one message capturing one antenna is used to find conditional probabilities of capturing the other antennas as well. The paper shows that any overlap in the antenna patterns decreases the throughput, but transmissions from the overlapping area may face a larger probability of capture than signals from directions in which one antenna has maximum gain.
Rotational partition functions for spherical-top molecules

Abstract An accurate closed-form expression is obtained for the rotational partition function of spherical-top molecules at moderate and low temperatures (down to these prevailing in nozzle expansions). The derivation makes use of the rapid convergence properties of theta function transformations. For XYn molecules, the partition function is approximated by Q r ≈ σ ∗ π 1 2 exp ( β 4 )β - 3 2 (1 + δ) (1 + 15D 4βB ) , where β ≡ hcB kT (B = rotational constant) and σ ∗ ≡ (2I Y + 1) n σ (IY = nuclear spin of the Y nuclei, σ = classical symmetry number). The first four factors give the usual (high-temperature) quantum-mechanical rigid-rotator partition function; δ is a simple function of β that corrects for low-temperature nuclear spin effects; and the last factor accounts for centrifugal distortion. For CH4, setting δ = ( 4π 3 3 ) exp (- π 2 9β ) enables Qr to be calculated with an accuracy of 0.01% for 30⩽T⩽500 K, and to within 1% for T>16 K. Two additional terms that contribute to δ are given, which yield Qr of CH4 with 0.01% accuracy down to 9 K. For octahedral hexafluorides, δ = (- 3π 8 2 ) exp (- π 2 16β ), providing 0.01% accuracy for Qr of SF6 for T>1 K.
Modeling of the frequency- and temperature-dependent absorption coefficient of long-wave-infrared (2-25 µm) transmitting materials

A semiempirical multiphonon model based on quantum-mechanical oscillators under a Morse potential is applied to the absorption coefficient of far-infrared transmitting materials. Known material properties are combined with absorption coefficient data to fit the empirical parameters of the model. This provides an accurate means of predicting the intrinsic absorption of the materials in their multiphonon regions. Extinction data are obtained by measuring material transmittances with a Fourier-transform spectrometer and comparing them with the lossless transmittances predicted by Sellmeier models. Where appropriate, scatter models are used to separate the extinction into loss due to scatter and absorption. Data and model parameters are presented for GaAs, GaP, ZnS, and ZnSe.
DYS-HAC-iPS cells: the combination of gene and cell therapy to treat duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), one of the most prevalent pediatric genetic disorders (1 in 3,500 newborns), is caused by point mutations or deletions in the gene encoding dystrophin, a major component of the cytoskeleton of muscular fibers. Disruption of dystrophin results in structural instability within cardiac and skeletal muscle and accelerates turnover of the myogenic stem cell pool, ultimately leading to death in afflicted individuals.1 Gene transfer approaches to treat DMD are hampered by the very large size of the dystrophin locus (2.4 Mb) and the limited penetration into muscle by therapeutic viral vectors carrying the mini-dystrophin gene or exon-skipping constructs. Furthermore, obtaining autologous myogenic progenitors for use in DMD patients presents a particularly difficult challenge for the development of cell-based therapies.
ALCHEMI: a new technique for locating atoms in small crystals

SUMMARY Atom Location by Channelling Enhanced Microanalysis (ALCHEMI) is a quantitative technique for identifying the crystallographic sites, distribution and types of substitutional impurities in many crystals. The method involves no adjustable parameters, can be applied to areas as small as a few hundred Angstroms and to impurity concentrations down to about 0·1 atomic per cent. It is capable of distinguishing neighbours in the periodic table. The method uses the incident electron beam orientation dependence of characteristic X-ray emission and uses an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser fitted to a transmission electron microscope. The method does not require the specimen thickness or precise orientation to be known, and makes few assumptions about the form of the dynamical electron wavefunction, which need not be calculated or predicted. The classical problems of cation ordering in spinels, feldspars and olivine have now been studied by this method.
Paleoecology and population dynamics of the early Miocene (Hemingfordian) horse Parahippus leonensis from the Thomas Farm site, Florida

ABSTRACT The horse Parahippus leonensis is the most numerous large mammal known from the important early Miocene Thomas Farm fossil locality. A large sample of mandibles (n = 89) of P. leonensis was analyzed. Despite having a variable dental morphology, morphometric studies indicate that only one species is represented. Sexual dimorphism in body size is suggested by bimodality of several measured characters, although there is some overlap between the sexes. The sample of P. leonensis seems to be attritional, although the youngest wear-class (estimated age at death 0–2 weeks) is underrepresented, probably due to taphonomic factors. The population does not exhibit discrete dental wear-classes, indicating a lack of breeding synchrony in the population, or that mortality was not seasonal. Individuals of P. leonensis are estimated to have lived an average of three to four years, with a maximum potential lifespan of about nine years. The rate of cheektooth wear in P. leonensis indicates that it had not shifted ...
Retrospective clinicopathologic correlation of gross tumor size of hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for extracranial stereotactic radiosurgery

Purpose/Objective: Extracranial stereotactic radiosurgery is a new radiation technique for the treatment of localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accurate assessment of tumor size by imaging is of utmost importance because minimal treatment planning margins are added to the gross tumor. Thus, it is important that the size of the lesion on CT or MRI accurately estimates the true gross pathologic size. The purpose of the present analysis is to compare the size of HCC on gross pathologic examination with the size on preoperative CT or MRI scan.
System-wide design issues for the stellar interferometer technology experiment (SITE)

The Stellar Interferometer Technology Experiment (SITE) is a near-term precursor mission for spaceborne optical interferometry. Proposed by the MIT Space Engineering Research Center and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, SITE is a two-aperture stellar interferometer located in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle. It has a baseline of four meters, operates with a detection bandwidth of 300 nanometers in the visible spectrum, and consists of three optical benches kinematically mounted inside a precision truss structure. The objective of SITE is to demonstrate system-level functionality of a space-based stellar interferometer through the use of enabling and enhancing Controlled Structures Technologies such as vibration isolation and suppression. Moreover, SITE will validate, in the space environment, technologies such as optical delay lines, laser metrology systems, fringe detectors, active fringe trackers, and high- bandwidth pointing control systems which are critical for realizing future space-based astrometric and imaging interferometers.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of fluid–pebble interactions on mechanics in large-scale pebble-bed reactor cores

Abstract In Pebble-Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) systems, typical representatives of large-scale fluid–particle energy systems, the gaseous coolant has strong interactions with the fuel pebbles that slowly move downward. To accurately predict the coolant dynamics and fuel bed mechanical properties, the fluid–pebble interactions should be taken into consideration in the mechanical modeling of the core. However, previous research usually neglected these interactions in the pebble flow analysis, assuming a fixed bed that is not affected by the coolant. The effects of these interactions on the core behavior remain unknown and have never been fully addressed. To investigate the interaction effect on the pebble flow mechanics, a coupled multi-physics model is employed which accounts for the fluid–pebble interactions in the dynamics simulations of a large annular nuclear reactor system. Discrete Element Method is used to simulate the pebble motion and predict important granular properties such as pebble packing density, coordination number and contact stress distributions. Computational Fluid Dynamics is employed to predict the locally averaged coolant properties. The simulations of pebble flow and coolant flow are coupled through the calculation and exchange of fluid–pebble interaction forces between two simulation solvers at a fixed time interval. To observe the interaction effect, decoupled simulations are also performed as references for comparison, i.e. a single pebble flow simulation without interactions with coolant, followed by a single coolant flow simulation in a static fixed packed bed. The comparison indicates that the interactions have significant effects on the local mean pebble contact force and observable effects on the axial and radial distributions of pebble volume packing fraction, as well as the pebble flow velocity/pressure profiles. The interaction effects are especially noticeable in the regions near the wall and close to the core inlet. The change in the pebble packing distribution will consequently bring in discrepancies in the distributions of axial and radial fluid velocity and pressure. Therefore, the interactions between coolant and pebble cannot be negligible in the study of the thermal–hydraulic properties of large-scale fluid–particle energy systems, although some macroscopic properties of the pebble flow (such as the coordination number distribution) are barely changed by the fluid–pebble interactions.
Comparison of relative coronary Doppler flow velocity reserve to stress myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease

To compare relative coronary artery vasodilator reserve (rCVR = CVRtarget/CVRreference) to myocardial perfusion stress imaging, 48 patients with coronary artery stenoses (61% +/- 16%; mean, +/- SD; range, 30%-91%) had measurements of target and reference vessel CVR (Doppler-tipped guidewire). rCVR was computed and compared to stress 201thallium or (99m)technetium-sestamibi myocardial tomography. Compared to 24 patients with negative stress imaging studies, 24 patients with positive stress studies had angiographically more severe stenoses (74% +/- 13% vs. 44% +/- 24%; P = 0.0005) with lower CVR(target) (1.68 +/- 0.55 vs. 2.46 +/- 0.74; P = 0.002) and lower rCVR (0.72 +/- 0.22 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.26; P 1.9; rCVR > 0.75), compared to CVR, rCVR had similar agreement (Kappa 0.54 vs. 0.50), sensitivity (63% vs. 71%), specificity (88% vs. 83%), and positive predictive value (83% vs. 81%) with myocardial perfusion tomography. A concordant CVRtarget/rCVR only slightly increased sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (77%, 90%, and 87%, respectively). Although rCVR, like CVR, correlates with stress myocardial perfusion imaging results, rCVR did not have significant incremental prognostic value over CVR alone for myocardial perfusion imaging. However, rCVR does provide additional information regarding the status of the microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease and complements the CVR for lesion assessment.
Exploring the relationships among liminal transitions, symbolic consumption, and the extended self

Integrating Belk's (1988) notion of the “extended self” with van Gennep's (1960) framework of “liminal transitions,” a model of symbolic consumption activities and psychological phenomena that occur during major life transitions is developed. In an initial investigation, the transition from high school to college is used to explore the nature of the liminal experience, the role that symbolic consumption assumes in the process, and the effects of both on consumers' psychological states. The results suggest that certain negative psychological consequences are indicative of existence in a liminal state. Further, consumers in transition appear to rely on possessions that symbolize the past, as well as those that represent the new role, to help facilitate a major life transition. Directions for future research are offered. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.