cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GeneCensus: genome comparisons in terms of metabolic pathway activity and protein family sharing

We present a prototype of a new database tool, GeneCensus, which focuses on comparing genomes globally, in terms of the collective properties of many genes, rather than in terms of the attributes of a single gene (e.g. sequence similarity for a particular ortholog). The comparisons are presented in a visual fashion over the web at GeneCensus.org. The system concentrates on two types of comparisons: (i) trees based on the sharing of generalized protein families between genomes, and (ii) whole pathway analysis in terms of activity levels. For the trees, we have developed a module (TreeViewer) that clusters genomes in terms of the folds, superfamilies or orthologs—all can be considered as generalized ‘families’ or ‘protein parts’—they share, and compares the resulting trees side-by-side with those built from sequence similarity of individual genes (e.g. a traditional tree built on ribosomal similarity). We also include comparisons to trees built on whole-genome dinucleotide or codon composition. For pathway comparisons, we have implemented a module (PathwayPainter) that graphically depicts, in selected metabolic pathways, the fluxes or expression levels of the associated enzymes (i.e. generalized ‘activities’). One can, consequently, compare organisms (and organism states) in terms of representations of these systemic quantities. Development of this module involved compiling, calculating and standardizing flux and expression information from many different sources. We illustrate pathway analysis for enzymes involved in central metabolism. We are able to show that, to some degree, flux and expression fluctuations have characteristic values in different sections of the central metabolism and that control points in this system (e.g. hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and citric synthase) tend to be especially variable in flux and expression. Both the TreeViewer and PathwayPainter modules connect to other information sources related to individual-gene or organism properties (e.g. a single-gene structural annotation viewer).
Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine

The following article is based on a presentation given by Samuel I. Stupp of Northwestern University as part of Symposium X—Frontiers of Materials Research on April 13, 2004, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Materials designed at the molecular and supramolecular scales to interact with cells, biomolecules, and pharmaceuticals will have a profound impact on technologies targeting the regeneration of body parts. Materials science is a great partner to stem cell biology, genomics, and proteomics in crafting the scaffolds that will effectively regenerate tissues lost to trauma, disease, or genetic defects. The repair of humans should be minimally invasive, and thus the best scaffolds would be liquids programmed to create materials inside our bodies. In this regard, self-assembling materials will play a key role in future technologies. This article illustrates how molecules are designed to assemble into cell scaffolds for human repair and provides examples relevant to brain damage, fractures of the skeleton, spinal cord injuries leading to paralysis, and diabetes.
On a study of the (ΔT)c and C∗ integrals for fracture analysis under non-steady creep

Abstract The validity of the parameter ( Δ T ) c (which was previously introduced by one of the authors), its meaning, and its calculation, in the analysis of cracked bodies under non-steady creep conditions, are studied. Comparisons are made with the widely used parameter C ∗ , which is valid for steady-state creep. An efficient finite element method for general, small-strain, elastic/viscoplastic analyses is described and the results of an example calculation for a standard compact specimen are presented and discussed.
New and Useless: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Organizational Creativity

The purpose of this article is to advance research on creativity in organizations by developing a psychoanalytic perspective from which creativity may be understood as an imaginary construction of the self. This self aims at producing the new and useful yet fails to do so. The useful is only marginally so, and many of the interactions designed to ensure usefulness result in socially useless activities. The article suggests, however, that from a psychoanalytic perspective, the failure of the imaginary is also useful. It is useful to the creative person as subject of the unconscious providing opportunities for struggles with otherness and alienation. Such struggles allow respondents to experience their creative potential and produce something beyond organizational kitsch. The implications for the theory and practice of organizational creativity are discussed.
Solubility of binary liquid mixtures in polymeric materials

Experimental data on the permeation of binary mixtures through polymeric materials show that liquid mixtures can exhibit large, positive synergistic rates. As the permeation rate depends on both solubility and the diffusion coefficient, the existence of a maximum in the steady-state permeation rate vs. the composition curve could be due to an increase in solubility and/or diffusion coefficient. In this study, a theoretical model based on the Flory-Huggins equation was developed to predict the solubility of binary liquid mixtures in polymers. The equation has four adjustable parameters that can be determined from solubilities of pure liquids in the polymer and the vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the binary liquid mixture. The model was tested for two binary liquid mixture/polymer systems. The predicted values of solubilities are close to the experimental data. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deformation-Induced Crystallization and Amorphization of Al-Based Metallic Glasses

A main requirement for the application of nanostructured materials for structural applications is their thermal stability. Structural materials are often exposed to mechanically-induced stress states. Nanomaterials for structural applications should therefore retain their microstructure not only within a defined temperature range but also under applied load. Cold-rolling experiments with melt-spun Al87Ni10Ce3 ribbons containing a dispersion of nanocrystallites in an amorphous matrix demonstrate that during the continued deformation through repeated rolling and folding crystallization as well as amorphization reactions could be induced. The results indicate that in addition to the microstructure control through annealing of precursor materials, deformation processing represents an effective approach to the synthesis of amorphous and nanophase composite materials.
Stepping Patterns in Tarantula Spiders

1. A descriptive model for the walking patterns of eight-legged animals similar to one applicable to some insects is presented. Data from films of walking tarantulas are compared to the gaits predicted by the model. 2. The model is found to be inapplicable to the tarantula data in two important respects. Some of the common walking patterns of the tarantulas are not predicted by the model, and the several patterns found are not correlated with frequency differences. 3. The tarantula gaits are best described in terms of the phase-relationships between leg pairs. Bilaterally opposite legs and segmentally adjacent legs tend to be used in antiphase. There is much phase variation, giving different stepping sequences, but this variation is by and large not correlated with speed. 4. Incapacitation of some of the spider9s legs results in adaptive changes in phase-coupling between the other legs. 5. A mechanistic model which could explain both insect and spider data is tentatively suggested. It is based on negative coupling between the oscillators controlling each leg.
The Partisan Gap Among Women State Legislators

Even a decade into the twenty-first century, women remain severely underrepresented in state legislatures. Much research has focused on the factors that help or hinder women's representation as a group, a focus that has masked the striking difference in women's progress within the two parties. The representation of Democratic women in state legislatures has continued to increase, while the number of Republican women has actually decreased. This article employs state-level data to explore why women legislators have such different levels of representation within the two parties. The central argument is that, as of the twenty-first century, the parties have distinctive cultures that hold consequences for their respective abilities to produce, recruit, and support women elected officials. Processes at both the elite and mass level work together to foster the representation of Democratic women and inhibit the representation of Republican women.
Kinetics analysis and physical properties of photocured silicate-based thiol-ene nanocomposites: The effects of vinyl POSS ene on the polymerization kinetics and physical properties of thiol-triallyl ether networks

The kinetics and thermal/physical properties of the trithiol-TAE (triallyl ether) system were measured with respect to increasing polyoligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) concentrations in order to understand how the presence of POSS nanoparticles affects network formation at low loadings. Vinyl POSS monomer (vPOSS-Bu4) with both vinyl and carboxylate pendant groups was synthesized via a thermally initiated, free-radical reaction to improve the compatibility of the inorganic particles with the trithiol and triallyl ether comomoners. Chemically modified vPOSS-Bu4 particles were incorporated into the trithiol-TAE polymer networks by a thiol-ene free-radical photopolymerization at molar concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 ene mol%. The polymerization rates were analyzed using real-time FTIR and photo-DSC. The polymerization rates showed no significant changes with increasing vPOSS-Bu4 concentration. Thermal analyses of the films by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that thermal stability improves without affecting T g as the POSS concentration increased. Additionally, scratch resistance increased and flame spread decreased markedly with increasing POSS concentration for concentrations up to 5 mol% vPOSS-Bu4.
Inherited Retinal Arteriolar Tortuosity With Retinal Hemorrhages

Background Familial arteriolar tortuosity is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting the retinal arterioles. Objectives: To report a pedigree with this disorder and describe a systemic workup to determine whether this vascular abnormality is limited to the eye. Results A 58-year-old woman referred for retinal hemorrhages was found to have retinal arteriolar tortuosity of both eyes, especially in the macular area. Her 63-year-old brother had a history of retinal hemmorhages beginning at age 18 years and had similar fundoscopic examination findings. The proband had an extensive systemic workup, including magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac and renal angiography, that failed to demonstrate any other sequelae of this inherited ocular syndrome. However, each member of the family expressing this phenotype did have hypertension. Conclusion Inherited retinal arteriolar tortuosity is an autosomal dominant disorder limited to the eye, at least in this pedigree, within the sensitivity of the systemic workup we used.
Anomalously coursing facial nerves above and below the oval window: Three case reports

Anomalous coursing of a dehiscent horizontal segment of the facial nerve, overlying or running below the oval window, is a rare phenomenon exclusively associated with conductive deafness caused by developmental abnormalities of the stapes and occasionally coincident with additional types of congenital auricular and nonauricular abnormalities. This article describes three new cases of this entity, including one previously unreported coincidence of an abnormally contracted tympanic ring, which should serve to alert the surgeon to the danger of surgical damage to a dehiscent, displaced facial nerve.
ORCHESTRA: a probing and fault injection environment for testing protocol implementations

Ensuring that a distributed system meets its prescribed specification is a growing challenge that confronts software developers and system engineers. Meeting this challenge is particularly important for applications with strict dependability and/or timeliness constraints. We have developed a software fault injection tool, called ORCHESTRA, for testing dependability and timing properties of distributed protocols. ORCHESTRA is based on a simple yet powerful framework, called script-driven probing and fault injection. The emphasis of this approach is on experimental techniques intended to identify specific "problems" in a protocol or its implementation rather than the evaluation of system dependability through statistical metrics such as fault coverage. Hence, the focus is on developing fault injection techniques that can be employed in studying three aspects of a target protocol: i) detecting design or implementation errors, ii) identifying violations of protocol specifications, and iii) obtaining insights into the design decisions made by the implementers.
Generalizing the Rasch Model for Consumer Rating Scales

A probabilistic Rasch model is advocated for brand-attribute measurements which replace ubiquitous mean ratings. The usefulness of this model is then extended by showing that distinct latent processes, one extreme value and the other logistic, imply common probability structures for both its classical form and the generalization developed here. If given data reject the classical structure, an extended analysis is carried out in which logistic coefficients are estimated for the general model. These values are then used in a generalized-least-squares GLS procedure for estimating and testing the brand-attribute locations. An illustrative multiattribute analysis is given in which logistic coefficients and locations are found for 16 soft drinks on the continua of preference, sweetness, and fizziness.
Association of the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamoylase with a zinc-containing polypeptide fragment of the regulatory chain leads to increases in thermal stability

The regulatory enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase), comprising 2 catalytic (C) trimers and 3 regulatory (R) dimers, owes its stability to the manifold interchain interactions among the 12 polypeptide chains. With the availability of a recombinant 70-amino acid zinc-containing polypeptide fragment of the regulatory chain of ATCase, it has become possible to analyze directly the interaction between catalytic and regulatory chains in a complex of simpler structure independent of other interactions such as those between the 2 C trimers, which also contribute to the stability of the holoenzyme. Also, the effect of the interaction between the polypeptide, termed the zinc domain, and the C trimer on the thermal stability and other properties can be measured directly. Differential scanning microcalorimetry experiments demonstrated that the binding of the zinc domain to the C trimer leads to a complex of markedly increased thermal stability. This was shown with a series of mutant forms of the C trimer, which themselves varied greatly in their temperature of denaturation due to single amino acid replacements. With some C trimers, for which tm varied over a range of 30 degrees C due to diverse amino acid substitutions, the elevation of tm resulting from the interaction with the zinc domain was as large as 18 degrees C. The values of tm for a variety of complexes of mutant C trimers and the wild-type zinc domain were similar to those observed when the holoenzymes containing the mutant C trimers were subjected to heat denaturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thickness dependences of solar cell performance

The significance of including factors such as the base resistivity loss for solar cells thicker than 100 microns and emitter and BSF layer recombination for thin cells in predicting the fill factor and efficiency of solar cells is demonstrated analytically. A model for a solar cell is devised with the inclusion of the dopant impurity concentration profile, variation of the electron and hole mobility with dopant concentration, the concentration and thermal capture and emission rates of the recombination center, device temperature, the AM1 spectra and the Si absorption coefficient. Device equations were solved by means of the transmission line technique. The analytical results were compared with those of low-level theory for cell performance. Significant differences in predictions of the fill factor resulted, and inaccuracies in the low-level approximations are discussed.
Subsyllabic Units in Computerized Reading Instruction: Onset-Rime vs. Postvowel Segmentation.

Previous studies suggest that adults and children divide spoken syllables into subsyllabic onset-rime units more readily than into any other kind of subsyllabic unit. We asked whether this same onset-rime segmentation might also be beneficial in teaching children to read. That is, can children learn more words segmented at the onset-rime boundary (e.g., CL-AP, D-ISH) than words segmented after the vowel (CLA-P, DI-SH)? In three experiments, first-grade students studied single words presented by a computer connected to a high-quality speech synthesizer. Experiment 1 used words of four letters but only three phonemes apiece (e.g., WHIP, DISH). In some of these words the onset-rime segmentation corresponded to the initial bigram (e.g., WH-IP); in some it did not (e.g., D-ISH). Experiments 2 and 3 used words of four letters and four phonemes (e.g., CLAP, CORN). In all three experiments, onset-rime segmentation proved more helpful than postvowel segmentation in short-term learning of the words.
Any Need for Preoperative Cardiac Testing in Intermediate-Risk Patients With Tight Beta-Adrenergic Blockade?⁎

Emerging evidence-based care dictates the importance of accurate preoperative cardiac risk assessment, risk stratification, and modification of risk parameters that guide the framework for optimum perioperative risk reduction strategies. Contemporary approaches to the preoperative cardiac risk
Depolarization is a critical event in hypoxia-induced glomus cell secretion.

Hypoxia chemotransduction within the carotid body is generally believed to be mediated by the glomus cells. Neurotransmitters (primarily dopamine) are stored within glomus cells in dense-cored vesicles, and catecholamine secretion is enhanced by hypoxia. Glomus cells are apposed to afferent terminals of the sinus nerve, and hypoxia-induced release of catecholamines leads to increased sinus nerve spiking activity. Two theories have evolved in an attempt to elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced glomus cell secretion. In one model, hypoxia inhibits an oxygen-sensitive K+ channel, leading to depolarization, activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents, and enhanced secretion of catecholamine due to increased intracellular calcium (Gonzalez et al, 1994). In support of this model, several investigators have observed an inhibition of glomus cell K+ current by hypoxia during patch-clamp recording of isolated glomus cells, and this inhibition appears to be correlated with an increase in [Ca2+]i and enhanced secretion (Montoro et al, 1996). In contrast, others have observed an increase in [Ca2+]i during hypoxia in the absence of extracellular calcium, implicating a second model, in which hypoxia causes release of calcium from intracellular stores, leading to enhanced secretion (Biscoe et al, 1989a; Biscoe & Duchen, 1990). In this second model, depolarization and calcium influx are not important events in the stimulus cascade. This is supported further by observations that membrane potential may actually hyperpolarize, rather than depolarize, during stimulation (Biscoe & Purves, 1989b).
EEG and ECG characteristics of human sleep composition types

Unsupervised clustering of staged human polysomnographic recordings reveals a hierarchy of sleep compo- sition types described primarily by sleep efficiency and slo w wave sleep content. Associations are found between these sleep clusters and health-related variables including BMI, smoking habits, and heart disease, showing that sleep types correspond to objective and medically relevant groupings. The present work describes the sleep type hierarchy, and studies the EEG and ECG correlates of sleep composition type. It is found that measures of EEG variation such as δ , θ, and α spectral content, as well as average heart rate, and measures of heart rate variability, including the standard deviatio n of the sequence of RR intervals, and Hjorth activity and mobility of the ECG signal, differ significantly among sl eep composition type clusters. EEG analysis is shown to allow approximate reconstruction of sleep type without the need for ECG data, while ECG alone is found to be insufficient for accurate sleep type classificati on.
SQUARE ROOT QUATERNION ESTIMATION

The Wahba problem is how to compute an optimal direction cosine matrix or quaternion from vector measurements such that a weighted mean square error criterion is minimized. Current solutions to this problem are based on solving the normal equations, which incurs a loss of precision. A squareroot formulation is presented in this paper that is numerically more robust. Numerical methods and examples are presented to illustrate the e‐cacy of the square-root formulation.
Sensitivity Enhancement via Detection of Interference With All Orders in a Collective State Atom Interferometer

We show how in an N-atom collective state atomic interferometer, it is possible to detect the interference between the ground state and all orders of collective states, producing an enhancement of sensitivity scaling as root(N).
Trihexyphenidyl Has Cognitive Side Effects in Children with DYT1 Dystonia (IN10-2.003)

Objective: To investigate adverse cognitive effects of trihexyphenidyl (Artane) in children with DYT1 dystonia. Background DYT1 dystonia is a childhood-onset primary dystonia, usually affecting one or more limbs and often progressing to generalized involvement within a few years after onset. Treatment with oral medications provides moderate benefit in most cases. Trihexyphenidyl is the only oral medication for which there are data from controlled clinical trial to support its efficacy. Dose limiting cognitive side effects are well-described for adults, but it is frequently stated that children tolerate higher doses with fewer side effects than do adults. Design/Methods: We follow 5 children from a multigenerational family affected by DYT-1 dystonia who have been on oral trihexyphenidyl for their dystonia. Two of these children had their previously high trihexyphenidyl (>15 mg / day) dose reduced following successful treatment with bilateral globus pallidus pars internal (GPi) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). We analyzed standardized psychoeducational test results from these children and compared performances at varying doses of trihexyphenidyl. Results: Parents of both children reported improvements in concentration and academic ability with lower doses of trihexyphenidyl. Both children had overall lower standardized scores or percentile rankings in mathematical domains when on higher doses of trihexyphenidyl. One child demonstrated significant worsening in multiple domains when on a higher dose of trihexyphenidyl. The second child had scores reported after discontinuation of trihexyphenidyl and showed an improvement in standardized math scores compared to scores while on the medication. Neither of the children complained of cognitive impairment while on trihexyphenidyl. Conclusions: Despite a paucity of data in the literature, trihexyphenidyl has adverse cognitive side effects in children that appear to be dose-dependent. These adverse effects are substantial despite the lack of complaint by the children. We recommend close surveillance for cognitive impairment in children treated with trihexyphenidyl. Supported by: NIH Clinical and Translational Science Institute Award TL1RR024136 and the Geoffrey Waasdorp Pediatric Neurology Fund. Disclosure: Dr. Cialone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blackburn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mink has nothing to disclose.
The Sociology of Death: A Neglected Area of Research

women tend to select interaction roles with a social-emotional rather than a task emphasis.22 (4) Sacred values are discrete rather than interrelated. Where the sacred culture and the secular culture are in conflict the religiously identified personality finds it possible to retain and to reject individual values from within the value pattern that characterizes his particular religious system; i.e., the Catholic who retains the birth-control prohibition but rejects the father-dominant role. In the contemporary pluralistic society, the religious personality tends to be a segmental one involving a dichotomy of values-sacred and secular-either of which is capable of standing alone. 22Fred L. Strodtbeck and Richard D. Mann, "Sex Role Differentiation in Jury Deliberations," Sociometry, 19 (March 1956), pp. 3-11; Talcott Parsons, "Structure and Socialization of the Child," in T. Parsons and R. F. Bales, Family, Socialization, and Interaction Process (Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1955), pp. 100-101.
Metal artifact reduction in CT via ray profile correction

In computed tomography (CT), metal implants increase the inconsistencies between the measured data and the linear assumption made by the analytical CT reconstruction algorithm. The inconsistencies appear in the form of dark and bright bands and streaks in the reconstructed image, collectively called metal artifacts. The standard method for metal artifact reduction (MAR) replaces the inconsistent data with the interpolated data. However, sinogram interpolation not only introduces new artifacts but it also suffers from the loss of detail near the implanted metals. With the help of a prior image that is usually estimated from the metal artifact-degraded image via computer vision techniques, improvements are feasible but still no MAR method exists that is widely accepted and utilized. We propose a technique that utilizes a prior image from a CT scan taken of the patient before implanting the metal objects. Hence there is a sufficient amount of structural similarity to cover the loss of detail around the metal implants. Using the prior scan and a segmentation or model of the metal implant our method then replaces sinogram interpolation with ray profile matching and estimation which yields much more reliable data estimates for the affected sinogram regions. As preliminary work, we built a new MAR framework on fan-beam geometry and tested it to remove simulated metal artifacts on a thorax phantom. The comparison with two representative sinogram correction based MAR methods shows very promising results.
Concepts in the Making: How Russians Define their Political World

Cross-cultural research challenges the foreign researcher’s ability to identify political patterns, partly because the insertion of one’s own cultural conceptualizations into the interpretation and analysis of these patterns is difficult to avoid. Most obviously, outside researchers should never assume the cultural meanings of particular events, political figures and societal issues, but instead should investigate them.
Gender-Role Stereotypes in Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intentions

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of gender stereotypes with men and women's intentions to become an entrepreneur. Data on characteristics of males, females, and entrepreneurs were collected from young adults in 3 countries: US, Turkey and India. Results revealed that entrepreneurs are perceived to have predominantly male characteristics. Furthermore, although both men and women perceive entrepreneurs to have characteristics similar to those of males, only women also perceived entrepreneurs and females as having similar characteristics. Respondents who perceived themselves as more similar to males had higher entrepreneurial intentions than those who saw themselves as less similar to males. No such difference was found for people who saw themselves as more or less similar to females. The results were consistent across the 3 national cultures. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Follow-up after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer

The use of the serum marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has altered drastically the follow-up after prostate cancer. PSA is far superior to any other method of detecting recurrences after either radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy. Once the PSA reaches a nadir level after radiation therapy or becomes undetectable after radical prostatectomy, it should remain at that level. PSA provides a lead time of approximately 3 to 7 years prior to identification of recurrence or metastases by other traditional methods. The yield of diagnostic studies to identify the site of recurrence in patients with very low levels of PSA after radical prostatectomy is quite low. A substantial dilemma remains about optimal therapy once a rising PSA is identified.
Innovative Energy Absorbing Composite Tubes Incorporating Extension-Torsion Coupling, Stitch Ripping, and Foam Crushing

A lightweight energy absorbing device consisting of two extension-twist-coupled, concentric, cylindrical composite tubes with opposite angle of fibers is presented. The tubes are stitched to each other by threads and a lightweight foam filling is placed inside the inner tube. At certain values of axial force, the stitches rip and the foam crushes dissipating energy. Wide dimensionality of the design parameters ensures that the device can obtain attractive force-displacement characteristics and energy absorbing behavior.
FINITE STATE MODELS WITH BOOLEAN VARIABLES

ABSTRACT Many of the systems which are studied in Bioengineering are multivariable and nonlinear and pose significant problems in modeling, analysis, and computer simulation. A class of finite state models with finite level time-sampled variables has been developed and is shown to be especially suitable for representing multi-input nonlinear systems when system behaviour is complex and quantitative information about the system is limited. Both verbal logic and quantitative information and constraints are easily included in the model because of the close relationship between the finite state descriptions and propositional calculus. Because of the versatility, economical description and easy simulation of the finite state model, the technique is considered to be of particular value in bioengineering modeling problems. Structures of both static and dynamic models are described and the techniques are effective for modeling systems represented as interconnections of subsystems. It is shown that the identification problem reduces to the solution of a set of simultaneous Boolean equations. Multiple solutions to the simultaneous equations indicate redundancies present in the subsystem structure and suggest possible critical experiments which must be performed in order to uniquely identify the system parameters. Various aspects of the methods are illustrated by examples of finite state models with finite level variables including a model for an endocrine system using previously reported data.
Islamic Leadership Models: Lessons from Early Islam

Previous scholarly work has explored how religion influences behavior at both the macro and micro level. Specific attention has been given to the role Islam plays as a variable in the behavior of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship as experienced within the context of the Islamic faith. This chapter extends the previous researches in the field by drawing on exemplars that would allow further research on what effective leadership within an Islamic context looks like. Meritocracy, honesty, tolerance, personal courage, and compassion for others were essential underpinnings of the expansion of Islam from the borders of China to the Atlantic coast of Spain. A model for a conceptualization and examination of Islamic Leadership has been developed. The model involves a refinement of previously proposed, but not fully conceptualized, frameworks of Islamic Leadership.
Management Challenges in a Child with Chronic Hyponatremia: Use of V2 Receptor Antagonist

Chronic hyponatremia is very rare in children and is often seen in the setting of congestive heart failure or liver failure in adults. Here, we report an 8-year-old child with hypothalamic glioma who presented with severe hyponatremia. Initial management consisted of fluid restriction. This was very difficult for the child to follow and the child developed bizarre drinking habits requiring intervention from child psychiatry. So therapy was initiated with low dose V2 receptor antagonist under close inpatient monitoring. While initial response was reassuring, her sodium levels tended to drift down with longer duration of treatment requiring us to increase the dose frequently. Her response to therapy and her stable clinical situation off therapy suggest that she may have reset osmostat.
The feasibility of matching on a propensity score for acupuncture in a prospective cohort study of patients with chronic pain

Propensity scores are typically applied in retrospective cohort studies. We describe the feasibility of matching on a propensity score derived from a retrospective cohort and subsequently applied in a prospective cohort study of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain before the start of acupuncture or usual care treatment and enrollment in a comparative effectiveness study that required patient reported pain outcomes. We assembled a retrospective cohort study using data from 2010 to develop a propensity score for acupuncture versus usual care based on electronic healthcare record and administrative data (e.g., pharmacy) from an integrated health plan, Kaiser Permanente Northwest. The propensity score’s probabilities allowed us to match acupuncture-referred and non-referred patients prospectively in 2013-14 after a routine outpatient visit for pain. Among the matched patients, we collected patient-reported pain before treatment and during follow-up to assess the comparative effectiveness of acupuncture. We assessed balance in patient characteristics with the post-matching c-statistic and standardized differences. Based on the propensity score and other characteristics (e.g., patient-reported pain), we were able to match all 173 acupuncture-referred patients to 350 non-referred (usual care) patients. We observed a residual imbalance (based on the standardized differences) for some characteristics that contributed to the score; for example, age, -0.283, and the Charlson comorbidity score, -0.264, had the largest standardized differences. The overall balance of the propensity score appeared more favorable according to the post-matching c-statistic, 0.503. The propensity score matching was feasible statistically and logistically and allowed approximate balance on patient characteristics, some of which will require adjustment in the comparative effectiveness regression model. By transporting propensity scores to new patients, healthcare systems with electronic health records can conduct comparative effectiveness cohort studies that require prospective data collection, such as patient-reported outcomes, while approximately balancing numerous patient characteristics that might confound the benefit of an intervention. The approach offers a new study design option.
Ripple: a test-aware architecture modeling framework

Different architecture views can be used to address concerns of different stakeholders. While architecture models have been used to guide software detailed design, development, and maintenance, no existing work has incorporated information generated in testing activities into architecture models for providing testing guidance. In this paper, we present Ripple, the framework for constructing test-aware DRSpace modeling to simultaneously reveal dynamic test coupling and static structural dependencies among source files in a software system. Ripple first mines from dynamic test coverage reports to extract traceability links between source files and test cases. It then encodes testing information into DRSpaces and leverages the DRH algorithm to cluster source files into independent test modules. To evaluate Ripple, we conducted a pilot study on a component of Hadoop. The study shows that Ripple has the potential to provide guidance for various stakeholders in making test-related decisions.
Job Satisfaction Among Practicing School Psychologists: A National Study

A number of opinions have been expressed recently about school psychologists' job satisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to describe job satisfaction among a sample of NASP members who ...
NADPH oxidase-4 mediated ROS generation modulates C2C12 differentiation via ERK1/2 pathway

BackgroundNADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) enzymatic activity is a major source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays an important role in balancing oxidation-reduction within skeletal mus...
Comparison of Two Neutral Oral Contrast Agents in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Randomized Study

The study suggests that Breeza is an acceptable alternative to low-density barium sulfate suspension in children and adolescents undergoing CT enterography and MR enterography.
Levels of follicle regulatory protein in regular menstruating and amenorrheic patients.

Many investigators have hypothesized that a timely induction or activation of the granulosal aromatase system and the concomitant changes in the intrafollicular sex steroid profiles are major determinants of the dominant follicle during its selection early in the ovarian cycle. Adashi and Hsueh (1982) suggested that intrafollicular estrogen can enhance the actions of FSH through aromatase stimulation. Once a chosen follicle is producing a significant amount of estrogen, it then would have the capacity to produce more estrogen than neighboring follicles and the selection of the dominant follicle would be assured. In contrast, follicles destined to undergo atresia may not be able to produce enough estrogen to counteract the adverse effects of FSH deprivation. Moor et al. (1978), Carson et al. (1981), and Tsonis et al. (1985) concluded that reduced aromatase activity in atretic follicles was due to a loss of existing aromatase activity rather than a failure to acquire this activity initially, and suggested that a decrease in aromatase activity was an early event in the atretic degeneration of antral follicles. It is the lack of granulosal aromatase and not androgen substrate per se which limits estrogen production in human atretic follicles. Thus, atresia appears to be, at least in part, an active event, mediated by the intra-ovarian suppression of FSH responsive aromatase activity.
A Review of Fatigue Predictive Methods in the Regime Where Inelastic Strains Dominate

This paper is a review of the underlying material phenomenology for low-cycle fatigue both in the time-independent and time-dependent regimes. It discusses the origins of predictive methodology from an inelastic strain viewpoint some twenty-five years ago and reviews the various approaches that have evolved over the intervening years. These approaches are shown to become increasingly more complicated with the growth of our gradually developing understanding of the time-dependent fatigue behavior of structural alloys. This understanding shows that the combined effects of cyclic plastic strain, of environment, of wave shape, of frequency and strain rate interact in an increasingly complex way with the specific alloy of interest. A continuing challenge exists to provide the designer with safe yet useful rules to adequately reflect the materials’ behavior throughout a component’s service life.
Lattices and Correction Terms

Let L be a nonunimodular definite lattice, L∗ its dual lattice, and λ the discriminant form on L∗∕L. Using a theorem of Elkies we show that whether L embeds in the standard definite lattice of the same rank is completely determined by a collection of lattice correction terms, one for each metabolizing subgroup of (L∗∕L, λ). As a topological application this gives a rephrasing of the obstruction for a rational homology 3-sphere to bound a rational homology 4-ball coming from Donaldson’s theorem on definite intersection forms of 4-manifolds. Furthermore, from this perspective it is easy to see that if the obstruction to bounding a rational homology ball coming from Heegaard Floer correction terms vanishes, then (under some mild hypotheses) the obstruction from Donaldson’s theorem vanishes too.
Abstract 2418: PKM2 methylation by CARM1 activates aerobic glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Herein we discover that the key glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), but not the related isoform PKM1, is methylated by co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1). PKM2 methylation reversibly shifts the balance of metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer cells. Oxidative phosphorylation depends on mitochondrial calcium concentration, which becomes critical for cancer cell survival when PKM2 methylation is blocked. By interacting with and suppressing the expression of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs), methylated PKM2 inhibits the influx of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. Inhibiting PKM2 methylation with a competitive peptide delivered by nanoparticles perturbs the metabolic energy balance in cancer cells, leading to a decrease in cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. Collectively, the CARM1-PKM2 axis serves as a metabolic reprogramming mechanism in tumorigenesis, and inhibiting PKM2 methylation generates metabolic vulnerability to InsP3R-dependent mitochondrial functions Citation Format: Fabao Liu, Fengfei Ma, Yuyuan Wang, Ling Hao, Hao Zeng, Chenxi Jia, Yidan Wang, Peng Liu, Irene M. Ong, Baobin Li, Guojun Chen, Jiaoyang Jiang, Shaoqin Gong, Lingjun Li, Wei Xu. PKM2 methylation by CARM1 activates aerobic glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2418.
A unified linear bending/shear beam (spar) theory: From deterministic da Vinci–Euler–Bernoulli elastic beams

A unified bending/shear beam (spar) theory has been formulated by merging a number of previously completed theoretical segments into a comprehensive analytical treatment of linear non-homogenous viscoelastic Timoshenko beams (spars) with stochastic properties and random dynamic loads including shear center and neutral axis spatial and temporal motions due to bending, and including realistic physical starting load transients. These inverse problem analyses are framed entirely in terms of relaxation moduli or creep compliances, excluding any dependence on Poisson's ratios. The deterministic and stochastic effects of unequal tension and compression relaxation moduli/compliances on normal and shear bending stresses are derived and evaluated. The influences of all these phenomena on combined bending and shear stress distributions, structural instabilities, material failures and structural survival times also are formulated and discussed.
The application of prognostic criteria in outpatient quality assessment: Control of hypertension.

The prognostic classification criteria led to two significant findings. First, we showed that a set of patient attributes has a strong correlation with successful blood pressure control. Patients in the two strata had distinct outcomes and treatment patterns. Second, when focusing on Stratum II, we uncovered the importance of making changes in the antihypertensive regimen among patients whose diastolic blood pressures were still not under control. Of course, changing the treatment does not assure control; however, we found a significant improvement in the overall proportion who were controlled. These results would have been obscured without stratifying the patients, using prognostic classification criteria. There is substantial room for improvement in our prognostic classification criteria. Within each stratum, patients with more visits and receiving more medications were less likely to be controlled than patients with fewer visits taking fewer antihypertensive medications. Hence, our prognostic classification criteria did not fully adjust for disease severity. Perhaps with a larger sample of patients, a more sensitive set of prognostic classification criteria would have emerged.
Convolutional Dictionary Regularizers for Tomographic Inversion

There has been a growing interest in the use of data-driven regularizers to solve inverse problems associated with computational imaging systems. The convolutional sparse representation model has recently gained attention, driven by the development of fast algorithms for solving the dictionary learning and sparse coding problems for sufficiently large images and data sets. Nevertheless, this model has seen very limited application to tomographic reconstruction problems. In this paper, we present a model-based tomographic reconstruction algorithm using a learnt convolutional dictionary as a regularizer. The key contribution is the use of a data-dependent weighting scheme for the l 1 regularization to construct an effective denoising method that is integrated into the inversion using the Plug-and-Play reconstruction framework. Using simulated data sets we demonstrate that our approach can improve performance over traditional regularizers based on a Markov random field model and a patch-based sparse representation model for sparse and limited-view tomographic data sets.
How Keynes Solved the ‘Mystery’ of the Diagram on Page 39 (Page 42 of the 1973 CWJMK Edition) of the A Treatise on Probability in Part II in Chapter 15 on pp.161–163 Just As He Had Foretold on pp. 37–38 of Chapter III

On pp.37-38 of the A Treatise on Probability ,Keynes was very clear that he was only going to present a 'brief' analysis of non numerical probability graphically as an illustration. However, in Part II, he stated he would present a 'detailed' analysis. This detailed mathematical and logical analysis involved the application of his modified approach to inexact measurement using the method of approximation that had first been used by Boole in 1854. Keynes demonstrated and presented a simple, illustrated version of his interval valued approach in Chapter III of the A Treatise on Probability. In Chapter 15, he provided the detailed mathematical application of his logical theory of probability. Keynes followed through on his promise to demonstrate a purely mathematical treatment of non numerical probabilities.The real mystery is the complete and total failure of the Post Keynesians and Keynesian Fundamentalists to grasp Keynes’s completely clear analysis 98 YEARS after the publication of the A Treatise on Probability in 1921. So Keynes actually did precisely what he said he would do. The only real remaining mystery is why no philosopher, mathematician, or economist in the 20th or 21st centuries ever read chapters 15, 16, and 17 of the A Treatise on Probability. It has been 98 years since Keynes published his book in 1921. The time has come for serious scholars to move beyond Keynes’s introduction to measurement in chapter III of the A Treatise on Probability, using diagrams, to Keynes’s full scale mathematical and logical application of his inexact measurement approach that he called approximation based on Boole’s upper and lower, interval valued, estimate approach to probability and decision making.