cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient Engagement and Cost Savings Achieved by Automated Telemonitoring Systems Designed to Prevent and Identify Surgical Site Infections After Joint Replacement.

Abstract Background: We designed two telemonitoring text and voice messaging interventions, EpxDecolonization (EpxDecol) and EpxWound, to improve management of orthopedic joint replacement patients...
Harmonious and Obsessive Entrepreneurial Passion and Their Interaction with the Environment

We examine how passion affects individual entrepreneurs. In particular, we integrate theories on harmonious and obsessive passion with extant work on entrepreneurial passion to develop models indic...
Association Between Changes in Postpartum Weight and Waist Circumference and Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes.

Introduction Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 30% to 70% risk for developing type 2 diabetes and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about how anthropometric changes in the first postpartum year modify cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods We randomly assigned women in the Balance After Baby study to an intervention group consisting of participation in a web-based lifestyle program or to a control group in which no program was offered. We measured weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, insulin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and we conducted 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum. We evaluated whether women assigned to the intervention had improved cardiometabolic risk markers compared with the control group. We then conducted a post-hoc analysis, pooling the 2 groups to compare changes in weight and waist circumference with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Results Women in the intervention group did not significantly improve cardiometabolic risk markers compared with women in the control group. We noted a large overlap of weight change and change in waist circumference between groups. In our post-hoc analysis pooling groups, changes in diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors were significantly correlated with changes in weight and waist circumference. The strongest associations were observed for fasting insulin, HOMA, and fasting glucose. Conclusion Anthropometric changes in weight and waist circumference in women with recent GDM may affect cardiometabolic risk factors, even in the first postpartum year. Our study demonstrates the importance of the postpartum year as an opportunity to decrease future risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women with a history of GDM.
“The Sweetest Savor”: Active Male Penetrators and Societal Anxieties in Arthurian Legend

The expected gender dichotomy of medieval European heterosexual relationships was simple. There was an active male penetrator and a passive female acceptor. This dichotomy is supported by court records from late medieval France, analyzed by Joseph Roelens, in which two women are put on trial for female sodomy and much importance is placed on the masculine character of one woman and the submissiveness of the other. In this paper, I examine two different stories from Arthurian Legend, Sir Thomas Malory’s “Morte d’Arthur” and Geoffrey Chaucer’s “The Wife’s Prologue and Tale” from The Canterbury Tales, that depict sexual relationships between the main male and female characters that function within the social norm of the gender dichotomy. In doing so, I argue that these stories use this active and passive gender dichotomy in an attempt to police men’s actions in their sexual relationships with women. I chose to examine these stories because they demonstrate the societal importance placed on this gender dichotomy in a very concrete way. The men in these stories who refuse to become passive, Sir Lancelot being the most prominent among them, are willing to sacrifice not only their life, but the life of the women they love (whether or not the women agree with this decision), in order to avoid breaking the gender dichotomy. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Elizabeth E. Tavares
Risk of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma following use of direct acting antiviral medications for treatment of chronic hepatitis C

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are now the mainstay of treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, there is some controversy over whether use of DAAs for HCV, as compared with IFN-based regimens, leads to an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. We investigated the association between use of DAAs and subsequent development of HCC in longitudinal data from patients with HCV from diverse backgrounds (various ages, ethnicities, and geographic regions) across the United States. The design was a retrospective study performed using medical and pharmacy claims from OptumLabs. HCV treatment exposure was categorized as DAA-only, DAA + IFN, any-DAA, or IFN-only. To account for confounding by indication, inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 5,781 patients with HCV with no history of HCC at baseline. Compared with IFN-only regimen, no significant increase in HCC risk was found for use of DAA-only (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.73–3.23), DAA + IFN (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.51–2.06), or any-DAA (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.65–1.65). When stratified by sustained virological response (SVR), we noted a higher HCC risk for DAA-only among patients who achieved SVR post-treatment (HR, 7.53; 95% CI, 1.48–38.34), but the CIs were wide, which might be due to the small sample size of the subgroups. Among those who did not achieve SVR, no association was found for use of DAA-only (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.19–1.91). These findings do not provide compelling evidence for the conception that use of DAAs for HCV is associated with increased risk of HCC development.
On-chip ZIM-BiC Laser

We present a novel type of silicon on-chip 1550-nm C-band erbium laser based on the 3D zero-index material of bound state in continuum or ZIM-BiC laser. The underlying lasing physics of the ZIM laser is the bound state in continuum or BiC of individual erbium-doped silicon pillar element for gain achievement and zero refractive indexes for inter-element phase coherence achievement. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been performed. The results show that the carefully designed structure does realize both zero-index and bound state in the wavelength of interest. Behaviors of the ZIM-BiC laser are discussed.
Creating the Research Pipeline Through Mentorship and Self-Advocacy

Throughout my professional career, I have been fortunate to hold positions in colleges and schools of education in Carnegie designated “very high research activity” (i.e. R1) universities. During this time, I continue to be struck by the lack of underrepresented minority (URM) faculty, particularly at the level of associate and full professor, and by the differential opportunities afforded to underrepresented minority students, particularly doctoral students. These opportunities afforded vantage points for me to witness and identify systemic factors that contribute this underrepresentation of the underrepresented. This chapter will share my thoughts, experiences, and recommendations toward increasing the preparation and success of underrepresented minority scholars, particularly in research-intensive environments. More specifically, l aim to share my journey and its influence on the development of my core values, how it influences my work with Holmes Scholars, lessons learned, and tips and strategies for mentorship and self-advocacy as a scholar and faculty member.
Microwave Spectra and Theoretical Calculations for Two Structural Isomers of Methylmanganese Pentacarbonyl

The first microwave rotational spectra for two structural isomers of methylmanganese pentacarbonyl were measured in the 4–9 GHz range using a pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. T...
Analysis of primary central nervous system large B-cell lymphoma in the era of high-grade B-cell lymphoma: Detection of two cases with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements in a cohort of 12 cases.

Abstract High-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HG-DLBCL) refers to DLBCL with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (double-hit or triple-hit DLBCL) that exhibits poor prognosis. Double-expressor DLBCL (c-myc+/bcl-2+) has intermediate prognosis when compared to HG-DLBCL. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has distinct pathophysiology (frequent non-germinal center-like subtype and double-expressor) and has worse prognosis than systemic DLBCL. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 25–30% of PCNSLs harbor BCL6 abnormalities with rare alterations in MYC, BCL2, double-hit or triple-hit events. We describe the clinicopathologic features and status of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 in 12 PCNSLs (7 women, 5 men; median age 63 years; range: 28–79). Six cases showed focal starry-sky pattern. Immunohistochemically, all (100%) were of non-germinal center-like subtype, and 8/10 (80%) cases were double-expressors. Ki-67 ranged from 70 to 100%. FISH was positive in 9/12 (75%) cases: 4 (33%) harbored a BCL6 rearrangement, 3 (25%) had a gain of BCL2, 2 (17%) cases each had a gain of BCL6 and gain of IGH, and gain of MYC and deletion of MYC were observed in 1 case each (8%). Two (16%) cases were MYC/BCL6 double-hit PCNSLs. No MYC/BCL2 or triple-hit cases were identified. Eleven (92%) patients received chemotherapy and one also received whole brain radiation. The median time of follow-up was 4.4 months (range, 0.3–40.3). Seven (58%) patients are alive, 4 (33%) have died, and 1 (8%) had no follow-up. Five alive patients are in remission, including one MYC/BCL6 double-hit PCNSL. Our results add two new cases of rare double-hit PCNSL to the literature.
Unconscious Touch Perception After Disruption of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Brain damage or disruption to the primary visual cortex sometimes produces blindsight, a striking condition in which patients lose the ability to consciously detect visual information yet retain the ability to discriminate some attributes without awareness. Although there have been few demonstrations of somatosensory equivalents of blindsight, the lesions that produce "numbsense," in which patients can make accurate guesses about tactile information without awareness, have been rare and localized to different regions of the brain. Despite transient loss of tactile awareness in the contralateral hand after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex but not TMS of a control site, 12 participants (six female) reliably performed at above-chance levels on a localization task. These results demonstrating TMS-induced numbsense implicate a parallel somatosensory pathway that processes the location of touch in the absence of awareness and highlight the importance of primary sensory cortices for conscious perception.
Machine learning moment closure models for the radiative transfer equation I: directly learning a gradient based closure.

In this paper, we take a data-driven approach and apply machine learning to the moment closure problem for radiative transfer equation in slab geometry. Instead of learning the unclosed high order moment, we propose to directly learn the gradient of the high order moment using neural networks. This new approach is consistent with the exact closure we derive for the free streaming limit and also provides a natural output normalization. A variety of benchmark tests, including the variable scattering problem, the Gaussian source problem and the two material problem, show both good accuracy and generalizability of our machine learning closure model.
Transporter-interfering chemicals inhibit P-glycoprotein of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares).

Marine pollutants bioaccumulate at high trophic levels of marine food webs and are transferred to humans through consumption of apex species. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are marine predators, and one of largest commercial fisheries in the world. Previous studies have shown that yellowfin tuna can accumulate high levels of persistent organic pollutants, including Transporter Interfering Chemicals (TICs), which are chemicals shown to bind to mammalian xenobiotic transporters and interfere with their function. Here, we examined the extent to which these same compounds might interfere with the activity of the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) ortholog of this transporter. To accomplish this goal we identified, expressed, and functionally assayed tuna ABCB1. The results demonstrated a common mode of vertebrate ABCB1 interaction with TICs that predicts effects across these species, based on high conservation of specific interacting residues. Importantly several TICs showed potent inhibition of Ta-ABCB1, such as the organochlorine pesticides Endrin (EC50 = 1.2 ± 0.2 μM) and Mirex (EC50 = 2.3 ± 0.9 μM). However, unlike the effects observed on mouse ABCB1, low concentrations of the organochlorine pesticide TICs p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDD co-stimulated verapamil-induced Ta-ABCB1 ATPase activity possibly suggesting a low transport activity for these ligands in tuna. These results provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the potential vulnerability of tuna to these ubquitous pollutants.
Social Media Response and Crisis Communications in Active Shootings during COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Active shooting, a man-made hazard, remains an unsolved challenge as communities get threatened more frequently than ever before. As a low-cost alternative to the traditional approaches of responding to such crisis, data-driven approaches can help to identify more tailored response strategies and guide towards more informed decision-making. Recently, social media platforms helped researchers and practitioners with sufficient details and coverage to understand how communities respond to natural hazards through social media interactions. However, the empirical literature does not provide any comprehensive guidance on public reactions to active shootings as observed through social media interactions. This study adopted a holistic data analytics approach to collect large-scale social media data from Twitter (~252 K tweets, 04.17.20–05.20.20). The 2020 Nova Scotia Attacks were among the major shooting events observed during this period in addition to the unprecedented experiences people were having due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used several natural language processing and data mining approaches (such as temporal heatmaps, word bigrams, and topic mining) to cluster the social media crisis communication patterns of active shootings and create infographics of the diverse needs, concerns, and reactions observed in the aftermath of such events. Key interactions include bailing out of shooters, shooting investigation, police response, gun violence, lessons learned from the previous school (Sandy Hook) and mass shootings (El Paso), vehicle ramming (Toronto Van Attack), mobility issues, and health concerns during COVID-19 pandemic, changes in economy and education systems. This study would allow first responders and emergency management officials to enhance the capacity of social sharing platforms and facilitate risk communication in no-notice scenarios. Additionally, the infographics could serve as a data dictionary in future active shooting scenarios to maximize peer influence.
Is Foreign Currency Denominated Debt a Hedging Instrument

We examine the role of foreign currency denominated debt in firms' risk management activities. In a sample of large US firms, we find a strong relation between aggregate foreign exchange exposure and foreign currency denominated debt. This relationship between exposure and foreign currency denominated debt also holds at the individual currency level. Firms' choice of denominating debt in Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, French Franc, German Mark, Italian Lira and British Pound is related to their exposure in these currencies. However, firms' choice of denominating debt in Swiss Franc and Japanese Yen is influenced not by exposure in these currencies, but by the high liquidity offered by the debt markets in these currencies. The evidence also suggests that creditor rights and information asymmetries influence choice of currency of debt. However, we find no evidence in favor of tax arbitrage induced currency preferences in the denomination of debt.
The effect of extreme temperatures on the elastic properties and fracture behavior of graphite/polyimide composites

The influence of elevated and cryogenic temperatures on the elastic moduli and fracture strengths of several C6000/PMR-15 and C6000/NR-15082 laminates was measured. Tests were conducted at -157 C, 24 C, and 316 C (-250 F, 75 F, and 600 F). Both notched and unnotched laminates were tested. The average stress failure criterion was used to predict the fracture strength of quasi-isotropic notched laminates.
Top-N Query: Query Language, Distance Function, and Processing Strategies

The top-N query problem is to find the N results that satisfy the query condition the best but not necessarily completely. It is gaining importance in relational databases and in e-commerce where services and products are sold on the Internet. This paper addresses three important issues related to the top-N query problem in a relational database context. First, we propose a new query language to facilitate the specification of various top-N queries. This language adds new features to existing languages. Second, we make a case that the sum function is a more appropriate distance function for ranking tuples when attributes involved in a top-N query are incomparable. Third, based on the sum distance function, we discuss how to process top-N queries.
The Transformation of State Sovereign Rights and Responsibilities Under the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court

It has become popular in recent years to suggest that state sovereignty, as a phenomenon in the international legal system, is in decline.1 One such challenge to state sovereignty is the empowerment of international organizations or institutions to make binding decisions in areas that historically have been the prerogative of sovereign states. A prime example of this phenomenon is the International Criminal Court (ICC). The states party to the ICC statute, also known as the Rome Statute, grant the court considerable authority over the prosecution of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, when those crimes are committed by the member state’s citizens or on its territory.2 It has been alleged by the United States that, in addition to the voluntary sacrifice of sovereign authority by states party to the ICC, the new ICC also infringes on the sovereign rights of non-state parties.3 This would occur if the establishment of the International Criminal Court modifies the sovereign rights of both state parties and non-state parties. State sovereignty, however, remains a foundational norm of
Field-induced piezoelectric materials for 100 kHz-10 MHz transducer applications

Several electrostrictive materials were investigated as candidates for high frequency transducer applications. Families investigated included (1-x)Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-(x)PbTiO/sub 3/ and PLZT relaxors, and Srand Sn-substituted BaTiO/sub 3/ normal ferroelectrics. The field dependent dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties were characterized at frequencies between 100 kHz and 5 MHz. The large magnitude and E-field tunability of the electromechanical and elastic properties observed in several of the materials may present opportunities for several new transducer applications, such as biomedical imaging and non-destructive evaluation.
Release of (3H)norepinephrine from a clonal line of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) by nicotinic cholinergic stimulation.

Release experiments were carried out in vitro with a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma cells (designated PC12) which synthesize and store catecholamines and which, after treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF), cease cell division and extend neuronal-like processes. In the present study, PC12 cells were exposed to [3H]-norepinephrine (NE) which they took up and stored in reserpine-sensitive sites. Exposure of such cells to nicotinic cholinergic agonists resulted in release of [3H]NE into the external medium. Release terminated within 1 min and partially returned after 20 min in the absence of agonist. After 1 min of stimulation with nicotine, NGF-treated cells released 5–6% of their contents of [3H]NE while NGF-untreated cells released 1–2%. Release from both NGF-treated and -untreated PC12 cells was inhibited in the absence of Ca2+ or by elevated Mg2+ and was blocked by the nicotinic antagonistsd-tubocurarine and mecamylamine (50% inhibition at 0.1 and 0.06μM, respectively). Release was not affected by the presence of tetrodotoxin. Such findings suggest that release of [3H]NE from PC12 cells may be mediated via stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and a consequent stimulation-secretion coupling mechanism.
Transnational architecting for homeland defense

The homeland security interests of a many nations are being increasingly threatened by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, drug trafficking, mass migration, global terrorism, environmental concerns, international crime and other global issues. This paper presents the case for development of such a transnational ballistic missile defense architecture for homeland defense and specifically addresses the architecture methodology and process, as well as the potential benefits and the top-level architecture trade issues that would have to be addressed if the community should decide to seriously pursue such an approach.
Use of Forecasts of Earnings to Estimate and Compare Cost of Capital Across Regimes

: I critically examine several of the methods used in the recent literature to estimate and compare the cost of capital across different accounting/regulatory regimes. I focus on the central importance of expectations of growth beyond the short period for which forecasts of future pay-offs (dividends and/or earnings) are available. I illustrate, using the stocks that comprised the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) at December 31, 2004, as an example, the differences between the growth rates implied by the data, and growth rates that are often assumed in the literature. My analyses show that assumptions about growth beyond the (short) forecast horizon may seriously affect the estimates of the expected rate of return and may lead to spurious inferences.
Race, income, and perceptions of the U.S. court system.

This article reports on the effect of income within race on African Americans' perception of the courts. Our findings are somewhat consistent with the previous research on black middle-class relative dissatisfaction with various American institutions. That is, unlike whites and Latirios in our study, we find that higher-income African Americans are more skeptical of the notion that blacks receive equal treatment in the courts. This same group also reported less confidence in the court's handling of specific types of cases (e.g., civil, criminal and juvenile delinquency cases.) However, better off blacks were more likely than poor blacks to have confidence in the U.S. Supreme Court and community courts. These findings point a more complex account of African American perceptions of the courts, an account that draws a distinction between diffused and specific support of the courts.
Chronic oral toxicity of choline chloride in rats.

SummaryChronic feeding of a diet containing up to 1% of choline chloride produced no evidence of toxicity. Except for growth rate depression, no toxic effects of higher dietary levels have been obs...
The effect of polyamines on the methylation of Escherichia coli methyl-deficient transfer RNA by their homologous methylases.

Abstract The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, in low concentration stimulate the rate of in vitro homologous Escherichia coli tRNA methylation. Under optimal conditions polyamines cause a greater stimulation of the rate of methylation than Mg2+. However, the presence of polyamines does not cause any significant hypermethylation of a fully-methylated homologous substrate. The polyamine stimulatory effect is not attributable to the protection of any of the labile components in the methylation reaction mixture. Analogs of putrescine and spermidine, differing only in the hydrocarbon chain length separating the positively charged ammonium groups, also cause quantitatively comparable stimulation. The positively charged ammonium groups of the polyamines are essential for stimulation since affixing a methyl group to a terminal nitrogen lowers the amount of stimulation and their replacement by alcoholic functional groups completely abolishes stimulation. These polyamines cause a shift in the melting curves of tRNA. The monovalent cations, NH+, Na+, K+, and Li+ in moderate concentrations also stimulate the rate of tRNA methylation. Anions, on the other hand, are inhibitory. Electrophoresis and chromatography of [Me-14C]nucleotides produced by the alkaline hydrolysis of the 14CH3-labeled tRNA products demonstrate that while the percentage distribution of radioactivity among the methylated nucleotides are grossly similar for tRNA methylation governed by Mg2+, polyamines, or NH4+, the relative abundance of 7-methylguanylic acid increases for putrescine, spermidine, and NH4+ stimulated methylation. Polyamines and Mg2+ show a competitive, mutual antagonism. Increasing the Mg2+ concentration reduces the polyamine stimulation immediately and precipitously. On the other hand, monovalent cations are not antagonistic towards either Mg2+ or polyamines. Increasing Mg2+ does not precipitously lower monovalent cation stimulation. The results presented can be explained by postulating that Mg2+ and polyamines bind to tRNA inducing configurational changes favorable for methylation, whereas monovalent cations are not specific site binding, but milieu-altering agents.
VALIDATION OF THE 16-ITEM NEGATIVE SYMPTOM ASSESSMENT

The dimensional structure of the 16-item Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA-16) was validated in a sample of 223 unmedicated schizophrenic inpatients and cross-validated on an independent sample of 276 patients with schizophrenia. Using a confirmatory factor analytic procedure, a five factor model was found to best characterize the structure of this rating instrument. These factors include: Communication, Emotion/Affect, Social Involvement, Motivation, and Retardation. The latent structure of the NSA-16 is similar to the larger instrument from which it was derived. The findings provide support for a multidimensional model of negative symptoms in schizophrenia and offer a useful measure for their assessment.
ON THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF SOIL NUTRIENTS IN DESERT ECOSYSTEMS

We examined the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems of the southwestern United States to test the hypothesis that the invasion of semiarid grasslands by desert shrubs is associated with the development of "islands of fertility" under shrubs. In grasslands of the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico, 35-76% of the variation in soil N was found at distances <20 cm, which may be due to local accumulations of soil N under Bouteloua eriopoda, a perennial bunchgrass. The remaining variance is found over distances extending to 7 m, which is unlikely to be related to nutrient cycling by grasses. In adjacent shrublands, in which Larrea tridentata has replaced these grasses over the last century, soil N is more concentrated under shrubs and autocorrelated over distances extending 1.0-3.0 m, similar to mean shrub size and reflecting local nutrient cycling by shrubs. A similar pattern was seen in the shrublands of the Mojave Desert of California. Soil P04, Cl, SO4, and K also accumulate under desert shrubs, whereas Rb, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, and Sr are u7sually more concentrated in the intershrub spaces. Changes in the distribution of soil properties may be a useful index of desertification in arid and semiarid grasslands worldwide.
Strategically Legitimizing Philanthropists' Identity Claims: Community Organizations as Key Players in the Making of Corporate Social Responsibility:

This article analyzes community organizations' appropriation of an image-building campaign orchestrated through philanthropy. Following the 1992 Los Angeles riots, a group of mostly corporate funders allocated grants so that poor youth in Chicago would have constructive alternatives to violence that summer. A separate group of community organizations sought to hold funders accountable to claims about how this effort was an act of social responsibility on behalf of poor youth. In advocating for a more comprehensive philanthropic response to urban poverty than the funders had proposed, these community organizations strategically legitimized funders' identity claims. That is, they validated funders' impression of themselves as good citizens on the condition that considering support for systemic poverty reform was necessary in order for funders to sustain this image. Regardless of whether strategic legitimation enlarges the amount of money corporations give away, it plays a central role in their achieving a s...
Reactions of some (polyhaloaryl)copper compounds with acid chlorides and chlorosilanes

Abstract (Polyhaloaryl)copper compounds or their complexes, where the aryl group is pentafluorophenyl, pentachlorophenyl, or 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-pyridyl, have been prepared by three methods: ( i ) via a polyhaloaryllithium compound; ( ii ) via a polyhaloaryl Grignard reagent; and ( iii ) via addition of polyhaloarene to lithium dimethylcopper. The copper compounds react readily with acid chlorides but slowly or not at all with chlorosilanes.
Silent myocardial ischemia in men with systemic hypertension and without clinical evidence of coronary artery disease.

Abstract The prevalence, characteristics and circadian pattern of silent myocardial ischemia, and its association with ventricular arrhythmias was studied in hypertensive men aged 35 to 70 years (mean 61) without clinical cardiac disease. Participants were withdrawn from diuretic treatment and received 1 month of oral electrolyte repletion with 40 mmol of potassium chloride, and 400 mg of magnesium oxide daily. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was then performed. Episodes of silent myocardial ischemia occurred in 50 of 186 men (27%) and lasted from 2 to 289 minutes (mean 30 and median 18). Statistical analysis comparing the interval from midnight to 6 A.M. with each of the other three 6-hour time intervals revealed that participants were less likely to have silent myocardial Ischemia in this period (p
Competition for carcasses and early hominid behavioral ecology: A case study and conceptual framework

Abstract The behavioral-ecological perspective provides paleoanthropology with the opportunity to uncover the course and causes of human behavioral evolution. At this time, however, there is no established conceptual framework for conducting behavioral-ecological studies of individuals of extinct hominid species. We provide such a framework by integrating two mutually reinforcing lines of inference currently pursued separately by paleoanthropologists: middle range research (defined broadly here to incorporate inferences based on archaeological, functional morphological, and paleoenvironmental data) and behavioral-ecological modelling. We argue that a testable and detailed behavioral ecology of prehistoric hominids must be grounded in such ecologically-oriented middle range research. We provide a zooarchaeological case study that recasts the current debates over carcass acquisition by early hominids and the socio-economic function of early archaeological sites within the framework provided by our behavioral-ecological approach. Specifically, we use the results of field studies and experiments to examine the ecological conditions and behavioral strategies that may have increased or decreased competition between hominids and carnivores for carcass foods. The case study generates testable hypotheses regarding the ecological causes and behavioral consequences of various foraging strategies that have been advanced for early hominids.
Demonstrating the Value of the Advanced Practice Nurse: An Evaluation Model

Advanced practice nurses are challenged to assess comprehensively the value of their role and the impact of their practice. Value is defined as quality divided by cost. The correlations among the structure, strategies of care (process), and their objectives (outcome) are key to the assessment of the quality of care and the impact of the advanced practice nurse's role. Advanced practice nurses are challenged to provide high quality care for a competitive or decreased cost. For the profession of nursing, outcomes are the result of interventions based on the nurse's clinical judgment and theoretical, practical, or scientific knowledge. An evaluation model is presented that comprehensively measures the impact of advanced practice nurses on patients and families, and an example is presented. Using the model will give credibility and validity to the APNs' positive impact on the quality and financial outcomes of care for each patient and for entire patient populations.
Studies of the acidic components of the Colorado Green River Formation oil shale: Mass spectrometric identification of the methyl esters of extractable acids

Study of solvent extractable acidic constituents of oil shale from the Colorado Green River Formation. Identification of individual components is based on gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric data obtained for their respective methyl esters. Normal acids, isoprenoidal acids, alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids, mono-alpha-methyl dicarboxylic acids and methyl ketoacids were identified. In addition, the presence of monocyclic, benzoic, phenylalkanoic and naphthyl-carboxylic acids, as well as cycloaromatic acids, is demonstrated by partial identification.
Results from the first physics run of PHENIX at RHIC

First results from measurements of Au−Au collisions at \(\sqrt {s_{NN} } = 130\) GeV, performed with the PHENIX experiment during the initial physics run of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in summer 2000, are summarized. Global characterization of the collisions was obtained from charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy densities. At mid-rapidity, dNch/dν and dET/dν rise steadily with the event centrality, while the ratio / remains constant. Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles up to 5 GeV/c yield a suppression of high-momentum particles in the most central events when compared to a simple scaling of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The scaling matches with peripheral collisions. Transverse momentum spectra of identified neutral pions from 1 to 4 GeV/c in peripheral collisions show consistency with point-like scaling with the average number of binary collisions. Yields in central collisions are significantly suppressed. Transverse momentum spectra of identified charged hadrons up to 3.5 GeV/c were measured in minimum bias events. The mass and centrality dependencies of inverse slope parameters and mean transverse momenta were determined. Inclusive spectra of electrons were measured for momenta from a few hundred MeV/c to 4 GeV/c. Inclusive photon spectra from a few hundred MeV/c to 3 GeV/c were obtained from conversion pair measurements.
Using polyelectrolyte coatings to improve fouling resistance of a positively charged nanofiltration membrane

Abstract In this study, a coating technique was applied to prepare an antifouling nanofiltration membrane. We first designed a positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane by chemical modification of P84 copolyimide using branched polyethylenimine (PEI). Then, a layer of water-soluble polymers was adsorbed onto the membrane surface in a dynamic manner. With such coatings, membrane surface properties such as hydrophilicity, roughness and charge were modified to give improved resistance to fouling. Depending on the coating materials, the coating layer may be erasable or inerasable. For example, the neutral polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) may be adsorbed onto the membrane surface by hydrogen bonding. Such interaction becomes weakened during acid cleaning so that the PVA layer can be detached. Thus, if membrane fouling occurs, the PVA layer and attached foulants can be removed by acid cleaning to refresh the membrane. Negatively charged polymers such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyvinyl sulfate (PVS) can be adsorbed onto the membrane surface by electrostatic force. Such strong interactions made the coating layers stable during acid cleaning. However, these coating layers permit removal of the foulants by a simple treatment with acid.
Dynamic regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in mouse brain by environmental stimuli

Activation of the recently identified c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) typically results in programmed cell death (apoptosis) in neurons and other cell types grown in culture. However, the effects of JNK activation in the central nervous system in vivo are unknown. At baseline, JNK activity in mice was on average 17-fold higher in brain than in peripheral organs, whereas JNK protein levels were similar. In brain, JNK was expressed primarily in neurons. Restraining mice or allowing them to explore a novel environment rapidly increased JNK activity 3- to 15-fold in various brain regions, but these manipulations did not increase brain activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Because noninvasive environmental stimuli that do not induce neurodegeneration elicited prominent increases in JNK activity in the brain, we conclude that acute activation of the JNK cascade in central nervous system neurons does not induce neuronal apoptosis in vivo. In contrast, the high baseline activity of JNK in the brain and the activation of the JNK cascade by environmental stimuli suggest that this kinase may play an important physiological role in neuronal function.
Generational comparison among female pathological gamblers

Research in gambling has only briefly examined age differences among problem gamblers, holding an anecdotal view that senior gamblers are more vulnerable to problem gambling. This study examines different generations of female gamblers, including their gambling habits and risk and protective factors. Approximately 450 female gamblers seeking treatment were surveyed and separated into five age groups for analysis. Results indicate that significant generational differences do not exist in areas such as gambling frequency or gambling debt; however, senior female pathological gamblers report starting to gamble at a significantly later age than their younger counterparts. Findings also suggest that senior women have a larger support network for their recovery, in contrast to common belief. Implications from this data may be useful to treatment providers in understanding and utilizing the assets more common to senior female pathological gamblers.
Applying a Community Project Approach to IT and Security Courses

This paper describes how a synthesis of several learning theories, resulting in the community problem approach, has been applied to create a course experience centered on providing the student with a real-world project for a community not-for-profit (NFP) organization. The theories of Knowles and Kolb, action learning, anchored instruction, and deep learning teaching approaches were applied to information technology (IT) and security courses at a community college designated as a National Security Agency (NSA) Center of Academic Excellence for 2yr Schools (CAE/2y) and a private 4yr college. The community problem approach was successfully applied to on-ground and online courses including teams that spanned both delivery methods.
Imaging of nonaccidental head injury.

■ Head injury is the most common cause of death from nonaccidental trauma, and the majority of NAHI occurs in infants under age 1 year; its clinical presentation is nonspecific (moderate evidence).
Stability results for finite-dimensional discrete-time dynamical systems involving non-monotonic Lyapunov functions

In [9] and in a more recent paper [7] we established results for the uniform stability and the uniform asymptotic stability in the large involving non-monotonic Lyapunov functions for continuous-time dynamical systems. In the present paper we continue this work by addressing finite-dimensional discrete-time dynamical systems. Similarly as in [9] and [7], we prove that in general, the results presented herein are less conservative than the corresponding standard Lyapunov stability results (henceforth called classical Lyapunov stability results) for finite-dimensional discrete-time dynamical systems. We present two specific examples to demonstrate the applicability of our results.
Evaluation of Langerhans' Cells in the Cervical Epithelium of Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Abstract Objective. Cervical infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) results in a more permissive environment for malignant transformation. In squamous epithelia the Langerhans' cell (LC) is responsible for antigen presentation. Studies that use S-100 immunostaining demonstrate low LCs in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) while those that use other methods have shown normal numbers of LCs. This observation led us to postulate that a defect in S-100 proteins, not a simple decrease in LC number, may be the cause of immune suppression. To evaluate this we identified LCs in the cervix of women with HPV/CIN in a prospective fashion using two antibodies, S-100 and CD1, each targeting a different element of the LC. Methods. Paired biopsies of the cervix were taken, one paraffin embedded for S-100 and the other snap frozen for CD1 staining. LCs were counted and expressed as the number of cells per millimeter of epithelium. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences between counts in normal, low-grade, and high-grade lesions. HPV was tested by hybrid capture. Results. S-100 LCs were significantly reduced in dysplasia, LG 8.6 and HG 6.0, compared to normal at 16.7 cells/mm ( P = 0.04). S-100 LCs were reduced in HPV-infected cases at 5.9 vs 12.8 cells/mm in HPV negatives ( P = 0.02). Acute inflammatory infiltrates were associated with increased S-100 LCs independent of pathology. CD1 LCs were not significantly altered by any parameters tested. Conclusions. HPV/CIN may exert an immunosuppressive effect by decreasing the S-100 LCs. The association of S-100-positive LCs coupled with cervical inflammatory changes suggests an important function of the S-100 proteins in the development of an anti-HPV response.
Role of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells during infection

Surviving an infection requires the generation of an immune response that controls the invading pathogen while limiting collateral damage to self tissues that may result from an exuberant immune response. Various populations of regulatory cells, including Foxp3+ Treg, have been shown to play a central role in the establishment of these controlled immune responses. In this review, I discuss current hypotheses and points of polemic associated with the origin, mode of action and antigen specificity of Foxp3+ Treg during infection.
ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OF HISTAMINE IN THE RAT BRAIN

—Whole brain concentrations of histamine (Hm) in the rat were measured with a sensitive and specific single-isotope enzymatic microassay and found to be elevated about 2-fold in rats killed by focused microwave irradiation compared with rats killed by decapitation. However, regardless of the method of killing, whole brain Hm concentrations were elevated about 4-fold when the brains were homogenized in 12.5 vol vs 2.5 vol of water or phosphate buffer. Homogenization of brain regions in 12.5 vol of water resulted in Hm concentrations that were about 10 times greater than previously reported values (except in the hypothalamus). Since (1) the‘extra’Hm could be extracted from pellets of low volume homogenates, and (2) synthesis of Hm is not likely to occur through an increase in the volume of water or buffer used for homogenization, we suggest that the elevated concentrations of Hm seen after high volume homogenization of brain tissue are due to a more complete extraction of Hm from brain tissue, and not to an artifactual production of this amine from its precursor (histidine) or some other compound(s).
Random-phase approximation calculations of the nuclear response in the continuum using a finite-range interaction

Abstract A formulation of the continuum random-phase approximation (CRPA) equations with a finite-range particle-hole (ph) interaction is presented. The resulting equations can be applied to the calculation of RPA wave functions not only in the continuum, but also in the bound region. These CRPA equations, which are inhomogeneous coupled-channel integro-differential equations with a large dimension and thus difficult to solve, are modified so that the Lanczos method can be applied to solve them relatively easily. As examples we apply our method to the 3 − bound state and the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) in 16 O and 40 Ca. A nuclear matter G -matrix is used for the ph interaction. Since treating the continuum exactly introduces in effect an infinitely large shell-model space, the ph correlations induced by the G -matrix interaction are too strong, not only for the bound collective states but also for collective states in the continuum. Renormalizing the exchange ph matrix elements allows one to fit the experimental data in both the bound and continuum part of the excitation spectrum in a consistent manner. For both the low-lying and continuum region the ring approximation is shown to be a good approximation for dealing with the exchange part of the ph matrix elements that are responsible for the ground-state correlations.
Immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Immunotherapeutic strategies have become part of standard cancer treatment. Chimeric and humanized antibodies have demonstrated activity against a variety of tumors. Although the humanized anti-CD33 antibody HuM195 has only modest activity against overt acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it can eliminate minimal residual disease in acute promyelocytic leukemia. High-dose radioimmunotherapy with β-particle-emitting isotopes targeting CD33, CD45, and CD66 can potentially allow intensification of antileukemic therapy before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Conversely, α-particle immunotherapy with isotopes such as bismuth-213 or actinium-225 offers the possibility of selective tumor cell kill while sparing surrounding normal tissues. Targeted chemotherapy with the anti-CD33-calicheamicin construct gemtuzumab ozogamicin has produced remissions in relapsed AML and appears promising when used in combination with standard chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. T-cell recognition of peptide antigens presented on the cell surface in combination with major histocompatibility complex antigen provides another potentially promising approach for the treatment of AML.