cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electric effects in Window-Frame MHD generators with non-uniform velocity and conductivity in the transverse plane

Abstract This paper presents analytical results for the dependence of the electric field and current, as well as the integral characteristics of Window-Frame MHD generators, on the inhomogeneity of velocity and conductivity in the transverse plane. Exact solutions of the electric potential and integral parameters are presented for the case of cylindrical channels with elliptic cross sections, and detailed cases are given graphically for a range of frame angles, channel aspect ratios and type and strength of boundary layers.
Polarized single crystal absorption spectra of carboxy- and oxyhemoglobin.

The electronic absorption spectra of the iron-porphyrin chromophore are still not well understood despite the attention they command in physical, chemical, and biological investigations. The spectra are characterized by broad, overlapping bands and generally remain diffuse even at very low temperatures. Metal d + d and metalligand charge transfer type transitions may appear in the same frequency region and are often obscured in the ordinary solution spectrum by the intense absorption of the porphyrin pi electron system. For these reasons, few convincing spectral assignments have been made for other than porphyrin n -+ n* transitions. Nevertheless, from investigations using polarized light, considerable new insight can be gained into the origin of these exceedingly rich and complex spectra. The most informative polarized light experiment is the measurement of the anisotropic absorption of plane polarized light by single crystals. The unique experimental result obtained from the single crystal experiment is the molecular direction in which plane polarized light is maximally absorbed, i.e., the direction of the electric dipole transition moment. This parameter is of paramount importance in elucidating optical transition mechanisms since it can lead directly to the symmetry of the excited state, thereby providing a critical test of theoretical descriptions of the chromophore’s electronic structure. With pure porphyrin or metalloporphyrin derivatives, there are serious experimental problems in obtaining a polarized -single crystal absorption spectrum. Because the chromophore concentration is so high (generally 2-5 M), extraordinarily thin crystal samples are required for measurements even in regions of only moderately intense absorption. Preparation of such thin crystals generally leads to small crystal faces, marginally suitable for absorption measurements even when microspectrophotometric techniques are employed. In the case of the triclinic tetraphenyl porphin crystal, this experimental difficulty was circumvented by Anex and Umans who measured the polarized specular reflectance spectrum and obtained
Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Fungal Soft Tissue Infections

Background. Invasive fungal infections of the integument are relatively rare. In the immunocompromised patient, however, they may show an extremely aggressive biological behavior despite high dosed topical or systemic antifungal therapy. As the fungal tissue invasion usually reaches well beyond the area of clinical necrosis or other visible changes, standard surgical excision often proves to be inadequate, resulting in the need for repeated relatively wide excisions with the resulting substantial loss of initially healthy tissues. Objective. To present the use of Mohs surgery as a safe and effective treatment modality for invasive fungal infections in a patient with a zygomycetes infection of his scalp. Results. The micrographic excision of the highly aggressive fungal infection, the acute postoperative course, and the delayed reconstruction with a split-thickness skin graft were all well tolerated without complications. Conclusion. Mohs micrographic excision deserves serious consideration in the treatment of aggressive localized fungal infections.
Using ethics to fight bioterrorism.

M. A. Somerville and R. M. Atlas are to be commended for drawing attention to the ethical responsibilities of life scientists whose work could impact bioterrorism (“Ethics: a weapon to counter bioterrorism,” Policy Forum, 25 Mar., p. [1881][1]). A point not given sufficient emphasis is the “
Impact of Information Technology on Post‐Earnings Announcement Drift

Post‐earnings announcement drift is among the most persistent market anomalies. Two possible causes of the drift are transaction costs that dissuade investors from trading on earnings information immediately, and the market's inability to fully interpret the implications of earnings information. This study hypothesizes that information technology advances have significantly reduced the transaction costs of trading equity stocks and improved the informational efficiency of the capital market. These two changes should, therefore, reduce drift. Using a sample of over 27,000 firm‐quarter observations for more than 1,600 firms, the results support the hypothesis that drift has declined significantly with the growth of information technology. The results are robust after controlling for factors correlated with time, changes in the value‐relevance of earnings, and previously identified variables that affect the drift, such as size, investor sophistication, and magnitude and sign of analysts' forecast errors. The...
Resource Thresholds and Stream Ecosystem Sustainability

Many factors contribute to the complex patterns of ecological conditions in streams. Nutrient and light availability are 2 factors that directly affect benthic algal assemblages and thereby indirectly affect stream faunas. A null model of the major changes and determinants of benthic algal assemblage structure and function along resource (nutrient and light) gradients is proposed. This model predicts that low-resource stress, herbivory, competition, and colonization of habitats by new algal growth forms are the dominant determinants of benthic algal ecology at successively higher resource levels. It also predicts major changes in algal assemblages in resource conditions at which regulation of communities changes from one dominant determinant to another. In many streams, diatoms dominate low-density biofilms in low resource conditions where resource stress and herbivory regulate periphyton. Above a herbivory threshold, a resource condition in which algal accumulation rates equal grazing rates, diatoms shou...
Development of a Green Building Decision Support Tool: A Collaborative Process

In this paper, we discuss a collaborative process for developing a decision tool to support decisions around investment in green energy technologies. Our tool was developed specifically for the Hitchcock Center for the Environment, a local environmental education organization, and the development process began as an undergraduate student service learning project. Building on the student projects, we developed an Excel-based tool that allows users to select various combinations of technologies and instantly see the financial, environmental, and educational impacts of their choice. Given our initial parameters and the preferences of the Hitchcock Center staff, the optimal configuration included installing a biomass heating system and a composting toilet, but avoiding investment in other green technologies, yielding an annualized preference-adjusted cost of $5,252.58. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the optimal choice was not sensitive to environmental valuations, and only slightly sensitive to educational values. All participants in the process found the concept and practice of value elicitation to be useful and illuminating.
Training of health care professionals on the special needs of children in the management of disasters: experience in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Background.—Although children are the most vulnerable group in any disaster, limited information exists regarding their unique needs in complex humanitarian emergencies. Objective.—To review the experiences gained in designing and implementing a training course for international health care professionals in disaster management focused on the needs of children. Methods.—The format, content, learning objectives, teaching methods, course evaluation, and feedback of a training course on managing complex humanitarian emergencies with a focus on the special needs of children were reviewed. Results.—The 5-day course was first conducted at Case Western Reserve University in 1996. Since then, it has been replicated 15 times, annually in the United States, and in 7 overseas venues, including Thailand, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Panama, Syria, and India. Voluntary US and international faculty used a problem-based learning method to train health care workers from developing countries in providing rapid quality care to child disaster victims. The courses were well received in every venue, as evidenced by active participation of local medical professionals, who organized logistics, recruited participants, and led the process of adapting the course to local needs. A remarkable outcome of this training course has been the development of an international group of highly motivated professionals involved in disseminating information to relief workers at a local level and providing a supportive network among themselves. Conclusion.—A comprehensive training program targeted for health care professionals, conducted by mutually respectful local and international faculty, is an effective instrument for disseminating information and enhancing competence to help children in disasters.
The Effect of Performance on the Decision to Major in Accounting

Abstract Prior research (Cohen & Hanno, 1993) posits that performing well in the introductory accounting course makes it more likely that a student will select accounting as a major. Using survey and classroom performance data, this study measured the influence of performance on the decision to major in accounting of a smaller, more relevant group of students—those who, by meeting a minimum grade requirement, are eligible to major in accounting. We found, contrary to prior research, that better classroom performance did not proportionally influence the student's intent to major in accounting. Rather, once students passed through the performance screen, other factors affected their decision to major. This article proposes that accounting programs view their initial accounting principles course as both a screening and a recruiting device for the accounting major.
Data replication for mobile computers

Users of mobile computers will soon have online access to a large number of databases via wireless networks. Because of limited bandwidth, wireless communication is more expensive than wire communication. In this paper we present and analyze various static and dynamic data allocation methods. The objective is to optimize the communication cost between a mobile computer and the stationary computer that stores the online database. Analysis is performed in two cost models. One is connection (or time) based, as in cellular telephones, where the user is charged per minute of connection. The other is message based, as in packet radio networks, where the user is charged per message. Our analysis addresses both, the average case and the worst case for determining the best allocation method.
Time delay correction for heat release rate data

A numerical scheme is presented to correct heat release rate measurements made with the Ohio State University rate of heat release apparatus for the effects of inherent time delays in the measurement system.
Effect of Nitrogen Source and Weed Management Systems on No-Till Corn Yields

Field research was conducted at upstate Missouri to evaluate the impact of weed management systems and pre-plant nitrogen source selection [polymer-coated urea, (PCU); anhydrous ammonia (AA), urea, and ammonium nitrate (AN)] and side dressed urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 168 kg N ha -1 on no-till corn grain yield and weed growth. Small-seeded broadleaf weed heights responded differently to PCU and anhydrous ammonia in the two years of study. Corn heights were greater with AN and urea compared to PCU, AA, and side dressed UAN 7 to 9 weeks after planting. Nitrogen fertilizer source selection and weed management system affected total weed biomass (giant foxtail, common waterhemp, and common lambsquarters) at physiological maturity of corn. However, these factors showed no interactive effect on corn grain yields. An early postemergence application of atrazine + dimethenamid- P + glyphosate reduced total weed biomass 86% and 92% compared to atrazine + dimethenamid- P applied preemergence following AA and the non-fertilized control, respectively. A two-pass postemergence system (glyphosate followed by glyphosate) had 74 to 79% greater weed biomass compared to residual systems when following PCU. All weed management systems increased yield 1.5 to 5.09 Mg ha -1 compared to the non-treated control, and no yield difference was observed among weed management systems. PCU, AA, and side dressed UAN are preferred over broadcast urea for integrated weed management of no-till corn production in this region.
Comparison of Residual Strength Estimates for Bolted Lap-Joint Panels

Fracture analysis of cracks along mechanically fastened joints is a central issue in the damage tolerance assessment of semimonoque aircraft structures. Nonlinear elastic-plastic finite element analysis, employing the cracktip-opening-angle criterion, was used to evaluate residual strength of bolted lap-joint 2024-T3 aluminum panels with multiple site damage subjected to Mode-I loading. A total of 36 different crack configurations were analyzed and compared to the experimental results. The effect of different aspects of the finite element modeling procedure on the accuracy of the residual strength predictions was investigated. Modeling of the geometric details of the test panels, such as fasteners and antibuckling restraints, was found to have a considerable effect on the predicted residual strengths. The nonlinear analyses provided reasonable estimates of the residual strength. The numerical results were compared with residual strength predictions obtained from a semi-empirical link-up model. Both approaches were comparable in terms of accuracy when compared to the test data.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LATTICE ENERGIES AND SURFACE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS AND AREAS OF ANIONS

We show that the lattice energies of ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts can be expressed analytically in terms of the total charges of the anions and their computed surface electrostatic potentials and areas. The calculations have been carried out at the HF/6-31+G* level for 17 singly and doubly charged anions. Predicted lattice energies are presented for 10 compounds.
The Machine Age in Medicine

Beginnings Count. The Technological Imperative in American Health Care. DAVID J. ROTHMAN. Oxford University Press, New York, 1997. xiv, 189 pp. $24.95 or §18.95. ISBN 0-19-511118-4. A Twentieth Century Fund Book.
Validation of a Short Form of the WISC-R with Accelerated and Gifted Hispanic Students 1:

The summed scores of the WISC-R Similarities and Vocabulary subtests of the Verbal scale, and the Picture Arrangement and Block Design of the Performance scale, used as designated dyads, were cross-validated with the full scale WISC-R Scores for 96 Hispanic students participating in the program for the accelerated and gifted. Results indicate that the Similarities-Vocabulary and the Picture Arrangement-Block Design dyads are potentially useful tools for screening Hispanic students. However, school personnel are cautioned against using these test scores as the only criteria for the selection of Hispanic students for gifted classes.
A chicken consultation with ramifications

In Madison I once worked with two postdoctoral fellows who had spent their youth in New York City and who, when asked what birds they knew both responded “why, pigeons and LBJ's!” (little brown jobbies). Despite their undoubted brilliance, they clearly had an educational deficiency not fixed by buying eggs and poultry at a grocery store. Though of enormous economic and nutritional importance to humans, turkeys and chickens constitute only a minute fraction of the disappearing avian life in our ecology. One could easily teach an entire middle or high school biology course around the reproduction, embryology, evolution, genetics, anatomy, special adaptations, virology, bacteriology, taxonomy, behavior, and extinctions of birds, as paradigmatic of all of life. Where would developmental or evolutionary biology be without the Galapagos finches, chick embryo, or neurobiology without the Zebra Finch? The modifications of the original red jungle fowl of India and South East Asia into hundreds of races through artificial selection and breeding practices provide as beautiful an example of developmental plasticity, well-known to Darwin, as the domestic dog, cat, laboratory mice, and guinea pigs. In what follows I have begun to repay my indebtedness to my mentor Emil Witschi who introduced me to developmental biology, physiology, and genetics and its historical study on the basis of birds (and amphibians); and to Mark Leppert, Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Utah for collaborative support, and bird-watching fieldtrips. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Program for Research on Management Information Systems

An information system consists of, at least, a PERSON of a certain PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE who faces a PROBLEM within some ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT for which he needs EVIDENCE to arrive at a solution, where the evidence is made available through some MODE OF PRESENTATION. This defines the key variables comprising a Management Information System MIS. It is argued that most research and development to date on MIS has assumed only one underlying psychological type, one class of problem types, one or two methods of generating evidence, and, finally, one mode of presentation. Other states are suggested for all these key variables. The result is the outline of a systematic research program on MIS.
Multiple primary cancers at memorial hospital 1949‐1962

The Memorial Hospital, New York, surveys of multiple primary cancer risks undertaken during 1965-1971 are summarized. After re-examination the methodological problems noted were: 1) that prospective studies tell us more than prevalence or retrospective studies; 2) that risks must be related to the observation period, patient's ages, etc.; 3) that hospital series probably are selected but that this may be overcome by internal comparisons; 4) that the search for explanatory variables is difficult, to the extent data on these variables were not explicitly collected; and 5) that computing multiple risk ratios for each of many cancer types guarantees a number of accidentally statistically significant results. It was also concluded that most cancer patients have excess risk for specific later cancers, depending on their original cancer type and that knowledge of these risks is of true clinical importance.
Transition metal-promoted oxidation catalysis by fluorite oxides: A study of CO oxidation over CuCeO2

Abstract In this paper, The CuCeO 2 system is chosen as a model catalyst and CO oxidation is used as a probe reaction to illustrate the strong interaction and symergism observed when transition metal-promoted fluorite oxides are used as total oxidation catalysts. It was found that only small amounts of copper are sufficient to promote the catalytic activity of CeO 2 by several orders of magnitude, while excessive amounts of copper (Cu/(Cu+Ce) > 0.05) are detrimental to the catalyst thermal and hydrothermal stability. Heating the catalyst to temperatures over 800 °C has a significant impact on the catalytic activity because of crystal growth of cerium oxide, loss of surface oxygen, and copper aggregation.
Physical universe, cultural worlds

L'A. defend l'harmonie universelle des sciences naturelles contre la revendication postmoderne d'une relativite historique ou culturelle. Examinant l'opposition entre sciences humaines et sciences naturelles fondee sur la distinction entre les notions de mondes et d'univers, l'A. souligne la possibilite d'un accord transculturel qui aurait l'univers comme objet commun et reduirait l'incommensurabilite des mondes culturels specifiques
Strain rate echocardiography uncovers subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Background CFTR is expressed in cardiac myocytes. In mice, lack of CFTR alters cardiomyocyte contraction and Ca 2+ signaling, and decreases cardiac reserve. We undertook a pilot study evaluating left ventricular (LV) function in CF patients using strain and strain rate echocardiography. Methods Echocardiography with tissue Doppler and strain and strain rate imaging were performed in 8 CF adults following pulmonary function tests. Results were compared to literature values obtained in healthy subjects. Results All CF individuals had normal LV ejection fractions. In contrast, 50% of men and 100% of women with CF had decreased LV systolic strain. Strain rates were significantly decreased in 100% of CF individuals. RV function was normal and LV function did not correlate with lung function. Conclusions Strain and strain rate echocardiography identified LV systolic abnormalities in CF individuals not detected by conventional echocardiography. We propose that this echocardiography modality may identify subclinical cardiac dysfunction in CF.
Surgical management of patients with interrupted aortic arch and severe subaortic stenosis

Ten patients underwent palliative surgery for interrupted aortic arch and severe subaortic obstruction due to posterior displacement of the conal septum. Their ages ranged between 4 and 28 days (mean, 11.0 +/- 7.7 days) and their weights, between 2.1 and 4.2 kg (mean, 2.85 +/- 0.6 kg). Preoperative echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed on all patients. The ratios of the left ventricular outflow tract diameters and the ascending aortic diameters to the descending aortic diameters were 0.56 +/- 0.03 and 0.56 +/- 0.06, respectively, compared with 0.81 +/- 0.12 and 0.95 +/- 0.17, respectively, in 20 patients with interrupted aortic arch but without obstruction (p less than 0.001). Four of the 10 patients underwent pulmonary artery banding and insertion of a bypass graft between the ascending and the descending aorta. All 4 died of low cardiac output soon after operation (100% operative mortality). The remaining 6 patients underwent banding and insertion of a graft between the main pulmonary artery proximal to the band, and the descending aorta. All of these patients survived, and all except 1 are doing well 3 months to 4 years postoperatively. The use of a pulmonary artery-descending aorta conduit and of distal pulmonary artery banding provides good palliation for patients with interrupted aortic arch and major subaortic stenosis.
Translumbar coronary and brachiocephalic arteriography using a modified Desilets‐Hoffman sheath

A translumbar sheath is described that is suitable for performance of selective coronary and brachiocephalic arteriography when the extremity arteries are blocked. The sheath has been adapted to a needle and catheter, which are introduced as a unit into the aorta at the T-12 level. With the needle and catheter removed, the sheath can be used safely to exchange catheters for left ventriculography and selective studies of branches of the thoracic aorta without excessive retroperitoneal bleeding.
Reporting on the Control Structures of Local Government Under the Single Audit Act of 1984

One of the major objectives of the Single Audit Act of 1984 (SAA) is to improve the financial management of local governments (Public Law 98–502, 98 Stat.2327). The purpose of this study is to examine how local governments have responded to the SAA and to provide some evidence concerning the extent to which the SAA is accomplishing its stated objectives. This study examines what auditors have reported with respect to the control structures of local governments and considers the extent to which control structures changed over the first four reporting years under the SAA. Differences in the frequency of reported weaknesses are examined across the four years and between types of government-counties and cities-and types of auditors- large and small public accounting firms and state auditors. The study also considers the extent to which reported weaknesses were corrected. The research findings reveal that auditors reported considerably more control weaknesses in counties than in cities, and the frequency of control weaknesses reported declined significantly over the first four reporting years under the SAA for city governments but remained relatively constant for county governments. In addition, there were significant differences in the frequency of control weaknesses reported related to the type of auditor.
Color changes in chitosan and poly(allyl amine) films upon metal binding

The intense coloration of butterflies, snakes, hummingbirds and arthropods is due to reflective interference by stacked thin film layers of alternating high and low index of refraction materials. By controlling film thickness, it is also possible to create a single layer film of similar materials with well-defined color. Cross-linked chitosan and poly(allyl amine) hydrochloride thin films were assembled by dropping a dilute solution onto a spinning silicon substrate. Film quality and reproducibility were investigated, as well as the effects of cross-linking. Control of thickness could be used to determine film color. When dipped into a variety of metal ion solutions, the cross-linked films changed in thickness and color.
Early neuroleptic response in psychotic men and women: correlation with plasma HVA and MHPG.

Abstract We measured fasting free plasma HVA and MHPG prior to neuroleptic treatment in 47 psychotic inpatients. Early neuroleptic response (ten days) was significantly related to plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) in both sexes, plasma methoxyhydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) in women, and length of hospital stay in both men and women. Drug dose did not determine early response. As a group, women were more depressed on admission, received lower neuroleptic doses, and were discharged sooner than men. Plasma catecholamine metabolites deserve further study as correlates of neuroleptic treatment in psychotic disorders.
Hepatorenal Syndrome: Is It the Magnitude of the Renal Failure that Matters?

To the Editor: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious and life threatening complication of end stage liver disease and the criteria for its diagnosis were defined in 1996 [1] and revisited in 2007 [2]. The first definition was a set of major and minor criteria where the renal function was considered abnormal if the creatinine was[1.5 mg/dL or the creatinine clearance was\40 mL/min. The new consensus considered impaired renal function as having a creatinine value [1.5 mg/dL without improvement after 48 h of diuretic withdrawal and volume expansion with intravenous albumin [1, 2]. Neither of these definitions takes into account the magnitude of the rise in creatinine and its association with the reversibility or prognosis of hepatorenal syndrome. In January 2012, our group published in this journal [3] the largest series of patients with HRS type 1 in the last 5 years according to the new Ascites Club definition of this disease. We described the etiology of the end stage liver disease (ESLD) and the serum creatinine as independent predictive factors for survival in HRS. In 2011, Boyer et al. [4] also published their work regarding response of HRS to treatment with terlipressin versus placebo, finding that serum creatinine is a prognostic factor for survival and HRS reversal, while MELD score and bilirubin did not have an independent prognostic value, confirming our results and even considering that serum creatinine might be the best predictor of HRS reversal. The same finding has been documented by Martin-Llahi et al. [5] in a study comparing terlipressin plus albumin with albumin alone in the reversal of HRS. What makes our results even more interesting, is the fact that terlipressin, considered in Europe and Latin America the standard of care for HRS, was not used in our population (we used midodrine and octreotide) and creatinine continues to be an independent strong prognostic factor for patient survival and HRS reversal. In the paper of Boyer et al. [4] it is emphasized that neither MELD score nor bilirubin are independent predictors of survival. This leaves again the creatinine level as the sole predictor of reversibility and survival. There are several questions to be answered regarding HRS and its prognosis: should we consider the creatinine level as the only variable prognosticating outcome? Is there a creatinine level at which treatment is futile? Is early treatment during HRS justified? Should we adopt terlipressin as our standard of treatment? Is terlipressin better than midodrine and octreotide? What is obvious is that HRS is a multisystem disease, recently re-defined, which might require further panel discussion, and probably the Ascites Club should have meetings during national and international conferences at regular intervals.
Religious Commitment and Secular Reason

Many religious people are alarmed about features of the current age - violence in the media, a pervasive hedonism, a marginalization of religion, and widespread abortion. These concerns influence politics, but just as there should be a separation between church and state, so should there be a balance between religious commitments and secular arguments calling for social reforms. Robert Audi offers a principle of secular rationale, which does not exclude religious grounds for action but which rules out restricting freedom except on grounds that any rational citizen would accept. The book describes the essential commitments of free democracy, explains how religious and secular moral considerations can be integrated to facilitate co-operation in a world of religious pluralism, and proposes ideals of civic virtue that express the mutual respect on which democracy depends. Audi offers a balanced and sophisticated treatment of the relations between religion and politics in a modern, secular society.
Raman-induced avoided crossings in adiabatic optical potentials: Observation of lambda /8 spatial frequency in the distribution of atoms

Chromium atoms traverse an optical potential and the resulting spatial distribution is measured by a new method. Atoms are collected on a substrate and an atomic force microscope is used to determine the flux as a function of position. An unexpectedly high spatial frequency ({lambda}/8) is found in the atomic distribution. This is attributed to avoided crossings arising from Raman coherences induced between magnetic sublevels. These results show that level crossings and nonadiabatic transitions can play an important role in the manipulation of atomic trajectories by near-resonant light fields. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Subfractionation of Sf 4–105, Sf 4–20 and high density lipoproteins

Subfractionation of the total low density Sf 4–105, the low density Sf 4–20 and high density plasma (or serum) lipoproteins has been accomplished using a cumulative flotation rate procedure. Fractionation employs nonlinear salt gradients and high performance swinging bucket rotors. Subfractionation of the total low density lipoproteins with minimal contamination allows and extremely accurate lipoprotein mass measurement of Sf > 400, total very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins (LDL) by elemented CHN analysis. Physical and chemical data on LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions are in general agreement with earlier data. Lower molecular weight data are obtained for HDL subfractions than reported earlier; however this may be the result of the different fractionation procedures used.
Women Staff Members and Ward Atmospheres in a Forensic Hospital

The results of the efforts to employ more women staff on secure wards in a forensic hospital are reported. These efforts were directed at creating equal employment opportunities as well as enhancing the resocialization of patients through more positive ward atmospheres. Ten ward atmosphere qualities identified by Moos were used as measures. The study concentrated on ratings of patients from two wards which had higher and lower concentrations of women staff. Patients in the ward having more women staff members rated their ward significantly higher on several relationship and systems maintenance dimensions but lower on the amount of aggression permitted.
Oxidation of Al(111) by electron impact on adsorbed H2O

Abstract The oxidation of aluminum by electron bombardment of a water-covered surface at 90 K has been investigated by XPS, EELS and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Electron bombardment converts the adsorbed ice layer into a disordered aluminum oxide film with very high efficiency. The cross-section for water conversion is 2.5×10 −16 cm 2 for an electron energy of 100 eV. The threshold energy of the electronic stimulation has been estimated to be 6±1 eV. The excitation probably proceeds via direct electron attachment, leading to dissociative production of an OH radical species, which is very effective for surface oxidation.
Nitric acid and ammonia in urban and rural locations

Abstract Measurements of ammonia, nitric acid and particulate nitrate were made at urban sites in Commerce City, Colorado, and Warren, Michigan and at rural locations near Abbeville, Louisiana and Luray, Virginia. The average ammonia and nitric acid concentrations over all sites were 1.7 ppb and 0.7 ppb, respectively. Diurnal patterns, determined at the Abbeville site, suggested a photochemical mechanism for the production of nitric acid and local sources for ammonia. Seasonal data collected in Warren, Michigan showed ammonia concentrations were lowest in the winter. This appears to be caused by the temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate equilibrium constant. Ammonia and nitric acid concentrations at the other sites were not in agreement with the concentrations predicted from the ammonium nitrate equilibrium constant.
Legacy Leadership: The Beverly Flynn Public Health Nursing Mentorship: Tribute to a Nursing Mentor

ABSTRACT The manuscript presents the background and history of the Beverly C. Flynn Legacy Leadership Award sponsored by the American Public Health Association's (APHA) Public Health Nursing Section. The Flynn Legacy Leadership program recognizes graduate students majoring in public health/community health nursing, and novice public health nurses for their potential to be future leaders in public health nursing. The importance of the mentoring relationship in promoting the standards of practice for public health nursing is explored. The Flynn Legacy Leadership Program fosters meaningful connections in the public health nursing community beyond the scope of the annual meeting. Award winners from the three years of the program are showcased with examples of scholarship fostered through the Beverly C. Flynn Legacy Leadership Award.
Addictions Services Treatment Services and Service Delivery Models for Dually Diagnosed Clients: Variations Across Mental Health and Substance AbuseProviders

This paper reports on a survey of administrators (n = 26) and staff (n = 248) in 10 mental health and 16 substance abuse programs in Los Angeles County providing services to individuals with co-occurring disorders. Although half or more of the administrators and staff reported that their programs had some degree of on-site service integration, there was a lack of agreement within most programs as to the extent of integration. Characteristics of services provided and interactions with other service providers are also examined. Future research is needed regarding the divergent perceptions of administrators and staff and their relationship to treatment outcomes.
Stresses and strains in the hardened cement paste — Water system

Abstract The length change theory proposed by Flood and Heyding for microporous solids is applied to cement paste in considering the effect of porosity and compressibility on the solid phase. The theory is also used to estimate the dependence of modulus of elasticity on humidity and is in general agreement with experiment. Some insight into microstructural change and its effect on length change is provided by estimates of a structure factor, κ. For humidities up to 56%, values of κ are approximately constant, but major changes in structure occur at higher humidities.
Psychoses associated with propranolol withdrawal.

Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and a variety of other medical conditions (Hebb et al. 1968; Zacharias et al. 1972; Frishman et al. 1984; Ananth and Lin. 1986). A withdrawal syndrome has been described in which the abrupt discontinuation of propranolol therapy has led to the emergence of significant medical symptomatology, including myocardial ischemia and infarction, unstable angina, ventricular tachycardia, tremulousness, diaphoresis, and malaise (Hart and Anderson, 1981). However, to our knowledge, there has been only one single case report in the literature to date describing psychosis as a sequelae to the discontinuation of propranolol treatment (Patterson 1985). We recently encountered two patients for whom the withdrawal of propranolol was associated with the emergence of a florid psychotic syndrome.
Characteristics of strongly-forced turbulent jets and non-premixed jet flames

Previous researchers have demonstrated that strong pulsations of the fuel flow rate can significantly reduce the flame length and luminosity of laminar/transitional non-premixed jet flames. The physical mechanisms responsible for these changes are investigated experimentally in acoustically-forced jet flows where the peak velocity fluctuations are up to eight times the mean flow velocity. Both reacting and non-reacting flows were studied and Reynolds numbers, based on the mean flow properties, ranged from 800 to 10,000 (corresponding to peak Reynolds numbers of 1,450–23,000), and forcing frequencies ranged from 290 to 1,140 Hz. Both the first and second organ-pipe resonance modes of the fuel delivery tube were excited to obtain these frequencies. An analysis of the acoustic forcing characteristics within the resonance tube is provided in order to understand the source of the high amplitude forcing. Flow visualization of jets with first resonant forcing confirms the presence of large-scale coherent vortices and strong reverse flow near the exit of the fuel tube. With second-resonant forcing, however, vortices are not emitted from the tube as they are drawn back into the fuel tube before they can fully form. Increased fine-scale turbulence is associated with both resonant cases, but particularly at second resonance. The power spectra of the velocity fluctuations for a resonantly pulsed jet show the presence of an inertial subrange indicating that the flow becomes fully turbulent even for mean-Reynolds-number jets that are nominally laminar. It is shown that these pulsed jet flows exhibit strong similarities to synthetic jets and that the Strouhal number, based on the maximum velocity at the fuel tube exit, is the dominant parameter for scaling these flows. The Strouhal number determines the downstream location where the coherent vortices breakdown, and is found to provide better collapse of flame length data (both current and previous) than other parameters that have been used in the literature.
All‐integer linear programming — a new approach via dynamic programming

An exact method for solving all-integer linear-programming problems is presented. Dynamic-programming methodology is used to search efficiently candidate hyperplanes for the optimal feasible integer solution. The explosive storage requirements for high-dimensional dynamic programming are avoided by the development of an analytic representation of the optimal allocation at each stage. Computational results for problems of small to moderate size are also presented.
THE USE OF ENERGY-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS IN ROBUST PRODUCT DESIGN

The importance of using energy-related characteristics in robust experimentation is demonstrated. Much of the controversy and debate over the effectiveness of Taguchi methods is based on a misunderstanding of the guidelines provided by Taguchi for choos..
A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for platelet-activating factor

A platelet-activating factor (PAF) analog with a reactive ω-aldehyde group at thesn-1 position was synthesized. The hapten-thyroglobulin conjugate was used to immunize rabbits to produce specific antibodies to PAF. The purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction was found to bind stereo-specifically to tritiated PAF and to crossreact minimally with lysoPAF, plasmalogens, and other phospholipids. The radioimmunoassay detected as little as 20 pg of PAF per assay tube and was used to explore agonist-induced synthesis of PAF in rabbit neutrophils. Calcium ionophore A23187 at 1 μM induced PAF synthesis peaking at 2 min and reaching basal levels after 5 min.N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) at 0.1 μM also stimulated rapid synthesis and degradation of PAF with a peak at 5 min. Both A23187 and FMLP stimulated PAF synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The radioimmunoassay should be applicable to the quantitation of PAF in biological samples.
The decay of NASA's technical culture

Changes in the organization structure and technical research activities of NASA since 1970 are evaluated. The creation of NASA and the original organizational structure and operation of NASA are reviewed. The relationship between organization and advanced technology is discussed and suggestions are given for ways of maintaining NASA as a high reliability organization.
A Meta-Analysis of Applications of Diffusion Models:

A meta-analysis of 213 applications of diffusion models from 15 articles relates model parameters to the nature of the innovation, the country under study, model specification, and estimation proce...
Reciprocal relations between perceived parental knowledge and adolescent substance use and delinquency: the moderating role of parent-teen relationship quality

The current study prospectively examined hypothesized short- and long-term reciprocal relations between perceived parental knowledge and adolescent heavy episodic drinking, marijuana use, and delinquency. Using the contextual model of parenting style (Darling & Steinberg, 1993), we examined the extent to which the bidirectional nature of associations between knowledge and adolescent outcomes is dependent on a facet of parenting style: the quality of the parent-child relationship. Data came from the first 4 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997. The sample for the current study consisted of 5,419 students between 12 and 14 years of age at baseline (52% male) surveyed annually for 4 years. Parallel process, autoregressive latent trajectory models were used to examine relations between initial levels and change over time in perceived parental knowledge and adolescent risk, and short-term cross-lagged paths were included to examine bidirectionality while accounting for long-term associations. Results showed significant short-term and long-term bidirectionality between perceived parental knowledge and adolescent outcomes, with parent effects on students and student effects on parents. Long-term associations across constructs were negative, whereas short-term associations were positive. These reciprocal associations were shown to differ across levels of parent-child relationship quality with regard to adolescent heavy episodic drinking and delinquency, providing support for the contextual model of parenting style. Implications for future work on parent-child bidirectional relationships and parent-based interventions are discussed.
Association of sleep characteristics and cognition in older community-dwelling men: the MrOS sleep study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the association of objectively and subjectively measured sleep characteristics with cognition in older men. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING 6 centers in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 3,132 community-dwelling older men (mean age 76.4 ± 5.6 years). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Objectively measured sleep predictors from wrist actigraphy were total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Subjective sleep predictors were self-reported poor sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] > 5), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale Score > 10), and TST. Cognitive outcomes were measured with the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS), the Trails B test, and the Digit Vigilance Test (DVT). After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, WASO was modestly related to poorer cognition. Compared to those with WASO 8 h) on average took 8.6 sec more to complete the Trails B test, had a 0.6-point worse 3MS score, and took 46 sec longer to complete the DVT (P<0.05). PSQI and EDS were not independently related to cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There were modest cross-sectional associations of WASO and self-reported long sleep with cognition among older community-dwelling men. EDS and PSQI were not related to cognition.
Computation of Saturated Permanent-Magnet AC Motor Performance by Means of Magnetic Circuits

A digital computer evaluation of transient states in a permanent-magnet (PM) machine by means of the flux tubes method is described. The influence of initial rotor phaseshift on transient torque peaks, as well as the influence of saturation on current waveforms, is shown. Several computer runs are carried out to illustrate the applicability of the flux tubes method for computation of PM machine performance.
Successful catheter-directed venous thrombolysis in phlegmasia cerulea dolens

Abstract Background Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is an extremely rare condition caused by complete venous occlusion and often results in tissue necrosis, limb amputation, or death. Treatment options include systemic anticoagulation, systemic thrombolytic therapy, fasciotomy, or surgical thrombectomy. Rare case reports have described the use of catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of this condition. Prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are important to prevent gangrene, amputation, and ultimately death. Case We report two unusual cases of phlegmasia cerulea dolens that presented in patients with aggressive gynecologic malignancies and who were successfully treated with catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy. Conclusion To maximize the opportunity for limb salvage, catheter-directed venous thrombolytic therapy should be considered in the treatment of phlegmasia cerulea dolens that presents in the gynecologic oncology patient.
PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins at mitotic exit is controlled by inhibitor-1 and PP1 phosphorylation.

Mitotic exit occurs when Cdc2 kinase activity drops and its substrates are dephosphorylated. Protein phosphatase-1 is responsible for this dephosphorylation and its activity is restrained during mitosis by Cdc2 phosphorylation and binding of Inhibitor-1, while auto-dephoshorylation at the Cdc2 site ensures its timely activation.
Wave Transformation Modeling at Cape Fear River Entrance, North Carolina

Abstract Wave transformation in the region of Cape Fear, NC, is investigated through field measurements and application of the numerical spectral wave model STWAVE. Field data on offshore and nearshore directional waves, high-resolution bathymetry, tide, and wind were collected starting in the fall of 2000. The applicability of using offshore gauge data as input along the model boundary was evaluated by additional modeling on a coarse grid extending seaward beyond the influence of irregular shelf bathymetry. Model evaluation is presented based on three storm events. For nearshore model and gauge results paired in time, the root-mean-square error in wave height is 0.2–0.5 m and in wave direction is 14–24 deg. The relative importance of accurate bathymetry, tide, wind, nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and spectral shape (measured versus parameterized) are examined with model sensitivity studies. Impacts on potential longshore transport computations are also considered. High-resolution bathymetry is found t...