cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Purity Culture and Rape Myth Acceptance

The current study investigated the relationship between purity culture, rape myth acceptance, and intrinsic religiosity in the Christian population. Specifically, this study explored if purity cult...
Secular trends of atopic dermatitis and its comorbidities in United States children between 1997 and 2018.

Previous studies found increased prevalence of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) in the United States over the past few decades. It is unknown whether the prevalence of AD has plateaued or whether AD comorbidities changed over time. The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and secular trends of AD and its comorbidities. We analyzed data on 259,818 children, ages 0 to 17 years, from the National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2018, using logistic regression models. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of childhood AD steadily increased from 2000 [7.3% (6.8–7.9%)] to 2011 [12.8% (12.1–13.5%)] and remained consistent until 2018 [12.6% (11.6–13.5%)]. In logistic regression models, the odds of AD were significantly increased in all years from 2003 to 2018 compared to 1997. However, the increased odds of AD over time were attenuated when adjusting for socio-demographic factors. AD prevalence increased in most socio-demographic groups, but changed variably by age group, race/ethnicity, and region. There were significant trends of AD comorbidities over time, with increasing prevalence of attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder, and decreasing prevalence of hay fever and depression/sadness. AD prevalence in US children increased between 1997 and 2011, remaining consistent until 2018 with an overall increase of 59%. Prevalence of comorbid hay fever and sadness/depression decreased, while ADD/ADHD increased. Given divergent trends of AD prevalence by socio-demographic characteristics, future studies are better equipped to identify contributing factors of prevalence change.
Variational Discrete Action Theory.

Here we propose the variational discrete action theory (VDAT) to study the ground state properties of quantum many-body Hamiltonians. VDAT is a variational theory based on the sequential product density matrix (SPD) ansatz, characterized by an integer $\mathcal{N}$, which monotonically approaches the exact solution with increasing $\mathcal{N}$. To evaluate the SPD, we introduce a discrete action and a corresponding integer time Green's function. We use VDAT to exactly evaluate the SPD in two canonical models of interacting electrons: the Anderson impurity model and the $d=\ensuremath{\infty}$ Hubbard model. For the latter, we evaluate $\mathcal{N}=2--4$, where $\mathcal{N}=2$ recovers the Gutzwiller approximation (GA), and we show that $\mathcal{N}=3$, which exactly evaluates the Gutzwiller-Baeriswyl wave function, provides a truly minimal yet precise description of Mott physics with a cost similar to that of the GA. VDAT is a flexible theory for studying quantum Hamiltonians, competing both with state-of-the-art methods and simple, efficient approaches all within a single framework.
The Use of Fetotomy in Large Animal Practice

A primitive form of fetotomy was recorded in history as early as the fourth century B.C. and again in the first century A.D. However, centuries passed before a practical form of fetotomy was developed. The dismemberment of the fetus is often erroneously referred to as an embryotomy. It is not dismemberment or dissection of an embryo but that of a fetus, hence, the term fetotomy is the more correct term.
Understanding the driving force for solution molecular doping

Sequential solution doping is a processing technique that allows a conjugated polymer film to be doped from a solvent that will not dissolve the polymer. We present here a method to predict the film doping level in cm-3 from the solution concentration used to dope the film. We show using four polymers and three different and newly synthesized dopants that the doping level can me modeled using a simple Langmuir isotherm. In addition, analysis of the UV/vis spectra shows filling of the density of states. Polymers with a sharper band edge demonstrate much high conductivity for the same hole density. We analyze a series of DPP polymers and show how the polymer order changes as a function of the doping level. A second recent discovery is that the anion in sequentially doped films can be exchanged with another anion after doping. This means that the reactive molecule used to doped the polymer can be removed and replaced with a different ion that is not reactive. We present a multi-ion Langmuir isotherm model and show that the film doping level in mixed ion solutions can also be predicted.
Nonaccidental Trauma Managed with Open Spinal Fixation and Instrumentation and a Review of the Literature

Nonaccidental trauma (NAT), causing spinal injury is rare and occurs in up to 3% of cases. Management of these injuries is typically conservative, and thus surgical management is not widely reported in the literature. In this case report, we presented three patients to review the effectiveness of spinal instrumentation and posterior fusion in pediatric patients due to NAT. All patients recovered well and were neurologically intact at last follow-up with no postprocedural complications noted. Spinal arthrodesis is a safe, effective way to manage spinal injuries due to NAT in cases of fracture-dislocation, distraction injuries, as well as cases involving neurologic compromise.
The burden of climate action: How environmental responsibility is impacted by socioeconomic status

Abstract As climate change increasingly wreaks havoc, sustainability is becoming a moral imperative. Yet, the strength of individuals' moral obligations to engage in sustainable actions may vary in accordance with their societal positions. In three studies (total N = 614), we investigated how moral obligations vary as a function of socioeconomic status (SES). Participants evaluated their own and others' obligations to engage in sustainable behaviors through vignettes that varied the cost of these behaviors and the SES of the characters who were engaged in these behaviors. Results showed that perceived moral responsibility was diminished in cases when sustainability required monetary sacrifice, particularly when the people being evaluated were individuals of low SES. The increase in moral obligation associated with elevated SES of the characters in the vignettes was fully mediated by perceptions of greater affordability and by perceptions of greater culpability for contributing to climate change. However, we did not find strong evidence that participants’ own SES had an effect on their judgments. Overall, rather than sustainability being considered a blanket obligation that is applicable across people and contexts, people typically ascribe more moral responsibility when sustainability is not financially burdensome.
IP MOBILITY PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS INTERNET

Research in mobile communications has gained a lot of importance since the rapid growth of wireless networks and portable devices. The proliferation of Internet in every aspect of life has urged the service providers to provide seamless user mobility. While the Second-Generation (2G) wireless system has brought mobile telephony, the Third-Generation (3G) is expected to bring in high-speed data and multimedia communication to the mobile users. 3G not only promises much higher data rate than 2G technology, but also opens up the avenue of providing a rich set of applications like location-based services, multimedia messaging services and customized information. However, the evolution of 3G from 2G requires the change of core network from circuit to packet switching mode and building a core network that is independent of access technology. The Internet Protocol (IP) [1] has been the natural choice as a packet-switched protocol because of the increasing dominance. Another important reason for adoption of IP is because it is a network layer protocol that can be used with any kind of access network technology.
Self-reported hypertension and race among Hispanics in the National Health Interview Survey.

Objectives: To investigate the association between race and hypertension among Hispanics and non-Hispanics by using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual survey of US households and to compare the strength of these associations among Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Design and Methods: Analyses were limited to Hispanics and non-Hispanics 18 years of age and older who self-identified as White or Black/African-American during the 2000–2002 NHIS for a final sample of 88,453 adults including 12,083 Hispanics. Hypertension was self-reported during the survey interview. Covariates included in the analyses as potential confounders were sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for hypertension. Results: Hispanic Blacks had higher prevalence of self-reported hypertension than Hispanic Whites. Hispanic Blacks had higher odds of hypertension than non-Hispanic and Hispanic Whites. However, these associations did not achieve significance level. No difference was seen on the strength of the association between race and hypertension among Hispanics and non-Hispanics (OR 1.31 vs 1.52, P interaction for race and ethnicity .91). The protective effect for hypertension on Hispanics had been disappearing over time (P interaction race/ethnicity and survey year .002). Conclusions: This study underscores that racial categorization could be a significant predictor of health status for Hispanics in our society. As time goes by, we are curious to see how embedding in US racial categories and assimilation into Western culture influence the life and health of Hispanics.
Systems biology approaches to epidemiological studies of complex diseases

Systems biology approaches to epidemiological studies of complex diseases include collection of genetic, genomic, epigenomic, and metagenomic data in large-scale epidemiological studies of complex phenotypes. Designs and analyses of such studies raise many statistical challenges. This article reviews some issues related to integrative analysis of such high dimensional and inter-related datasets and outline some possible solutions. I focus my review on integrative approaches for genome-wide genetic variants and gene expression data, methods for joint analysis of genetic and epigenetic variants, and methods for analysis of microbiome data. Statistical methods such as mediation analysis, high-dimensional instrumental variable regression, sparse signal recovery, and compositional data regression provide potential frameworks for integrative analysis of these high-dimensional genomic data. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:677–686. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1242 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Stabilizing Berm Design for Temporary Walls in Clay

In construction of a wide excavation in clay, it is common practice to leave a sloping earth berm against the wall. The design of such a berm involves consideration of its effectiveness in reducing movements of the wall system and the retained ground. Results of field data and finite element studies are presented which for the first time quantify the effect of berm size in limiting movements. Useful nondimensional design charts are shown which allow quick evaluation of berm effectiveness. The results demonstrate that the influence of berm size on movements is strongly a function of the stability number of the excavation. At high stability numbers the berm effectiveness is greatly reduced because of the deep seated movements under the berm.
Tissue-specific and developmental effects of the easily shocked mutation on ethanolamine kinase activity and phospholipid composition in Drosophila melanogaster.

The easily shocked (eas) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes ethanolamine kinase (EK), the first step in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Flies mutant for eas display a complex neurological phenotype. In this paper, we look at the contribution of EK to lipid metabolism during Drosophila development with the goal of linking the eas biochemical defect with the organismal phenotype. Using a chromatography-based assay, EK activity was detected in wild-type flies throughout development. Most of the activity in the adult was present in heads, which is primarily tissue of neural origin. Flies mutant for eas showed severely reduced levels of activity at each stage assayed. Using standard extraction methods and thin layer chromatography, phospholipid composition was assayed in whole flies and in heads. While PE levels were decreased significantly in both tissues, heads also had significantly less phosphatidylserine (PS). Therefore, decreases in both phospholipids may play a role in producing the aberrant phenotype in eas flies.
Bad Vibrations: The History of the Idea of Music as a Cause of Disease by James Kennaway

With its ominous title of Bad Vibrations, readers might approach this truly remarkable work of energetic erudition and brilliant scholarly insight with trepidation, but author James Kennaway has pr...
A Review of “Theodore Roosevelt and the American Political Tradition”

Jean M. Yarborough's book Theodore Roosevelt and the American Political Tradition demonstrates Roosevelt's indifference, and at times outright hostility, to the American Constitution and the concep...
Ab initio full-potential fully relativistic study of atomic carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen chemisorption on the (111) surface of δ-Pu

First-principles total-energy calculations within the framework of generalized gradient approximation to density-functional theory have been performed for atomic carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen chemisorption on the (111) surface of $\ensuremath{\delta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$. The full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional has been employed. Chemisorption energies have been optimized with respect to the distance of the adatom from the Pu surface for four adsorption sites, namely, the top, bridge, hollow fcc, and hollow hcp sites, with the adlayer structure corresponding to a coverage of 0.50 of a monolayer in all cases. Computations were carried out at two theoretical levels, one without spin-orbit coupling (NSOC) and one with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). For NSOC calculations, the hollow fcc adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for C and N with chemisorption energies of 6.272 and $6.504\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, respectively, while the hollow hcp adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for O with chemisorption energy of $8.025\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. For SOC calculations, the hollow fcc adsorption site was found to be the most stable site in all cases with chemisorption energies for C, N, and O being 6.539, 6.714, and $8.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, respectively. The respective distances of the C, N, and O adatoms from the surface were found to be 1.16, 1.08, and $1.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$. Our calculations indicate that SOC has negligible effect on the chemisorption geometries, but energies with SOC are more stable than the cases with NSOC within a range of $0.05\char21{}0.27\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The work function and net magnetic moments, respectively, increased and decreased in all cases upon chemisorption compared with the bare $\ensuremath{\delta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$ (111) surface. The partial charges inside the muffin tins, difference charge-density distributions, and the local density of states have been used to analyze the Pu-adatom bond interactions.
Checking runoff by use of inflow- and outflow-volumes

It became necessary as part of the Madison Lakes Survey activities to determine the average discharge for monthly periods at or near the outlet of Lake Monona. Two possible locations were available for measuring-stations, one at Interlake Bridge [Station MO-5 (see Fig. 1 of preceding paper, p. )], the other at the inlet to Lake Waubesa (WT-1).
Transgenesis and cardiac energetics: new insights into cardiac metabolism

Transgenesis in the mouse heart has provided new and important insights into many aspects of ATP synthesis, supply and utilization. Cardiac energetics has also been useful in assessing the consequences of manipulating proteins in the mouse heart. Here, four topics are reviewed. Part 1 presents a description of the role of "energy circuits" in addressing these questions: how is ATP made in the mitochondria supplied to spatially separated ATPases rapidly enough to support variable and abrupt increases in work? Given the barriers to rapid diffusion of ADP, how is a high chemical driving force maintained at the various sites of ATP hydrolysis; i.e. how is [ADP] maintained low throughout the cell? What are the metabolic sensors matching ATP synthesis and utilization? How are they monitored, delivered to the appropriate sensors and translated to accomplish a constant ATP supply? In Part 2, the consequences of manipulating glucose supply to the heart and regulation of the synthesis of enzymes in glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation are discussed. The questions are: what are the signals that lead to long-term molecular reprogramming of metabolic pathways for ATP synthesis and utilization? How is this accomplished? In Part 3, the focus is on sarcomeric proteins addressing the question: what changes in sarcomeric proteins determine the cost of contraction? Finally, in Part 4, examples are given of how energetics has been used to define the consequences of transgenic manipulations.
Transactions costs and investment style: an inter-exchange analysis of institutional equity trades

This paper examines the magnitude and determinants of transactions costs for a sample of institutional traders with different investment styles. Using order-level data for recent equity transactions totaling $83 billion, we find that trading costs are economically significant and increase with trade difficulty. In addition, costs vary with traderspecific factors such as investment style and order submission strategy, as well as stock-specific factors such as exchange listing. We find evidence that institutional trades in exchange-listed stocks have lower costs than in comparable Nasdaq stocks.
The visual pigments of freshwater fishes.

Abstract Dark-adapted retinae from 59 species of freshwater fishes were extracted in digitonin and analyzed for visual pigment content using the method of partial bleaching. Results of this survey, combined with the investigations of others, show that the classic view of visual pigment distribution among vertebrates is erroneous. Visual pigments based on both retinene 1 and retinene 2 occur commonly among freshwater fishes, even in groups that are neither euryhaline nor migratory. Evidence suggests that the distribution of these visual pigments is probably correlated to photic environment.
Stability of neurotensin and acetylneurotensin 8–13 in brush-border membrane, cytosol, and homogenate of rat small intestine

Abstract The stability of neurotensin and acetylneurotensin 8–13 in small intestinal brush-border membrane, cytosol, and homogenate was studied. Proteolytic degradation of both compounds was pH dependent. At pH 7.5, rapid degradation was observed in brush-border membrane, cytosol, and homogenate. At pH 4.5, both compounds were stable in brush-border membrane, but were slowly degraded in mucosal homogenate of the proximal intestine. In general, acetylneurotensin 8–13 was more stable than neurotensin. Degradation of both compounds by 27 000 × g pellets, rich in brush-border membrane, was highest among the subcellular fractions. Studies using enzyme inhibitors suggested that both compounds were degraded by brush-border endopeptidase-24.11 and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and that endopeptidase-24.11 was the major enzyme degrading acetylneurotensin 8–13. At pH 4.5, degradation in homogenates was mainly due to serine proteases. In cytosol, degradation of both compounds was inhibited by a specific substrate of prolyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) which is also called post-proline cleaving enzyme, an enzyme cleaving at the carboxyl end of proline. In summary, inhibitor studies suggest that both compounds are degraded at pH 7.5 by endopeptidase-24.11 and ACE in brush-border membrane, by activities of prolyl endopeptidase in cytosol, and at pH 4.5 by serine protease(s) in homogenate.
Spline-based deformable models

There are well established techniques for the biomathematical analysis of sets of homologous images with landmarks. These include the construction of the average configuration of landmarks, the statistical analysis of the procrustes residuals of the landmark positions and the averaging of the images themselves. This paper outlines a method of performing similar steps on sets of images with homologous 1D features as well as landmarks. The basis of the method is the expanded and consistent application of the thin-plate spline, a tool already used in the analysis of landmark images.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An essential role for p300/CBP in the cellular response to hypoxia

p300 and CBP are homologous transcription adapters targeted by the E1A oncoprotein. They participate in numerous biological processes, including cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and transcription activation. p300 and/or CBP (p300/CBP) also coactivate CREB. How they participate in these processes is not yet known. In a search for specific p300 binding proteins, we have cloned the intact cDNA for HIF-1α. This transcription factor mediates hypoxic induction of genes encoding certain glycolytic enzymes, erythropoietin (Epo), and vascular endothelial growth factor. Hypoxic conditions lead to the formation of a DNA binding complex containing both HIF-1α and p300/CBP. Hypoxia-induced transcription from the Epo promoter was specifically enhanced by ectopic p300 and inhibited by E1A binding to p300/CBP. Hypoxia-induced VEGF and Epo mRNA synthesis were similarly inhibited by E1A. Hence, p300/CBP–HIF complexes participate in the induction of hypoxia-responsive genes, including one (vascular endothelial growth factor) that plays a major role in tumor angiogenesis. Paradoxically, these data, to our knowledge for the first time, suggest that p300/CBP are active in both transformation suppression and tumor development.
Relationship Between MMPI and Penile Plethysmograph in Accused Child Molesters

We investigated the relationship between the MMPI and penile plethysmograph in a sample of 90 alleged child molesters. Men who had been accused of molesting a prepubertal child were divided into two groups on the basis of penile plethysmograph results (Deviant and Non‐Deviant Profiles). The MMPI scales were used to predict group membership using discriminant function analysis. The results revealed that the MMPI scores were statistically related to the penile plethysmographic profiles. However, MMPI code types were equally distributed across groups, and no single profile could be described as characteristic of men who exhibited pedophilic arousal using the penile plethysmograph results. Approximately one third of men were misclassified on the basis of MMPI scores alone. Our results extend previous findings showing that accused child molesters constitute a heterogeneous group.
Guest Editorial Precision Surface Metrology

During the past two decades there have been many changes in precision surface metrology. The introduction of the laser and the large computer during the 1960s and 1970s produced many changes in testing capabilities and requirements. Several commercial interferometers became available in the 1970s, enabling people who were not necessarily experts in interferometry to use interferometers to produce better optics. Since both buyers and sellers could test optics, the quality of the optics manufactured and sold improved greatly. If a person ordered 1/10 wave optics, he would probably get 1/10 wave or better optics; if he got optics of lower quality, he would know it, and he could prove it and return it.
The SIDECAR ASIC: focal plane electronics on a single chip

Traditionally, focal plane arrays require extensive external focal plane electronics (FPE) to provide clocks and biases as well as to digitize the analog output signals. The FPE has to be well-designed and is typically large, heavy and powerhungry. Most importantly, the FPE has to be placed some distance away from the FPA, which complicates maintaining low noise performance throughout the complete system. To offer an alternative to the discrete electronics, Rockwell Scientific has developed a new approach known as the SIDECAR application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This single chip provides all the functionality necessary to operate an infrared array with the convenience of a pure digital interface to the outside world. This paper will present performance data on the latest generation of the SIDECAR ASIC operating the JWST H2RG detector arrays at cryogenic temperature. The test results demonstrate that an ASIC based FPA system will meet or exceed all performance requirements for the JWST mission. The SIDECAR ASIC has been selected by NASA to become the FPA drive electronics for all shortwave infrared instruments on JWST.
"Confessional" Nonviolence and the Unity of the Church: Can Christians Square the Circle?

Both within and among churches that have traditionally held to just war teaching, various formulas in the last fifty years have allowed for the recognition that Christian pacifism is a respectable tradition alongside just war. It is not obvious, however, how historic peace churches can officially reciprocate with the same kind of ecumenical generosity by recognizing the legitimacy of the just war tradition. To do so, after all, would seem to require giving up their very claim to the confessional status of nonviolence, thus undermining their very identities as historic peace churches. Glen Stassen’s well-accepted exegesis of Jesus’s Sermon on the Mount opens up an unexpected path out of this impasse. If he is right that the sermon is organized around a consistent succession of triads in which Jesus first named “traditional righteousness,” then diagnosed a “vicious cycle,” then presented a “transforming initiative” for escaping that cycle, then the relationship between just war and pacifism can be reconceived in entirely fresh ways.
Early Dislocation Rate in Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty

Wear debris from metal-on-polyethylene articulation in conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA) may limit THA longevity. Bearing surfaces made of modern ceramic material, with high wear resistance and low fracture risk, have the potential to extend the longevity of THA and make the procedure more suitable for young, active patients. Concerns regarding a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surface have included potential for a higher incidence of dislocation caused by limited modular neck length and liner options. This prospective study assessed the early dislocation incidence for a ceramic-on-ceramic THA system. Out of the 336 consecutive ceramic-on-ceramic THA performed at our institution over an 8-year (1997–2005) period, 2 (0.6%) sustained dislocation during, and none after, the first postoperative year. Both dislocations were treated with closed reduction. No component fracture or revision for any reason has occurred in this series.
Acetyl carnitine formation in rat heart.

The comparative incorporation of acetate into long chain fatty acids and acetyl carnitine by cell-free preparations of rat heart has been investigated. Whereas the addition of 1 mM carnitine stimulated (45%) fatty acid synthesis by liver preparations in citrate-containing media, fatty acid synthesis from acetate in rat heart homogenates under the same incubation conditions was markedly depressed. This depression by carnitine of acetate incorporation into long chain fatty acids in 105,000 × g soluble fractions of heart was associated with increased acetyl carnitine formation. Thus in heart tissue acetyl CoA is effectively shuttled into acetyl carnitine and is unavailable for synthesis of fatty acids. These data are in agreement with results obtained earlier in studies with perfused rat heart. A similar conversion of added acetyl CoA to the carntine derivative occurred when labeled malonyl CoA was used as fatty acid precursor, again resulting in reduced fatty acid synthesis. It was shown by direct measurement that acetyl carnitine formation in the absence of carnitine was greatest in heart mitochondria and least in microsomes. In the presence of carnitine, acetyl carnitine formation was increased in all subcellular fractions, with the greatest change again occurring with mitochondria.
Laser assisted plasma spectrochemistry: laser ablation

This paper presents a brief overview of the current research issues in laser ablation for chemical analysis, discusses several fundamental studies of laser ablation using time-resolved shadowgraph and spectroscopic imaging, and describes recent data using femtosecond ablation sampling for ICP-MS and LIBS. This manuscript represents a summary of the plenary lecture presented at the 2004 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry.
The application of APL to control more efficient processes

In many instances where a large amount of data is to be manipulated, an APL interpreter is much less efficient than a compiled program. Also there are some tasks which are difficult to achieve with a conventional APL system such as the control of special-purpose peripherals. A system is described in which an APL interpreter is used interactively to control a low-level processor. The advantage of this symbiosis is that the user has available the high-level interactive APL with which to develop programs plus the higher execution speed or extended capabilities of the low-level processor. The general problem of linking an APL interpreter with other processors is discussed and several levels of communication are considered. At the highest level, expressions in an APL-like syntax are passed between two processors. This system was developed for the PDP-11 computer running the UNIX operating system. Arbitrary structures of interconnected processors may be created by this scheme which is simpler to implement than shared variables.
Tandem mass spectrometry studies of oxygen interactions with fullerenes and metallofullerenes

Abstract The reaction products of oxygen with fullerenes and metallofullerenes have been characterized by thermal desorption mass spectrometry and low energy collisional activation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. C60O, which is present in fullerene soot, fragments primarily with the loss of O, although CO loss can be observed at higher collision energies. Fragmentation of C60O−n adducts, formed by reactions with oxygen in the chemical ionization source or by reactive collisions with O2 in the collision cell, is characterized by CO loss at relatively low energies, followed by CO2 loss and loss of 2CO. The results indicate that O2 must interact as the intact diatomic species in order to initiated fragmentation of the fullerene cage, consistent with other reports in the literature. O3 induced fragmentation occurs in a similar fashion, and the results may explain the first step in the recently reported formation of higher, odd-numbered fullerenes (e.g. C119) in ozonolysis. Studies with metallofullerenes indicate that the extractable metallofullerenes (LaC82, La2C80) are less reactive toward oxygen than their less extractable counterparts (LaC60, LaC70). The stability of LaC82 and La2C80 was demonstrated by the formation of He uptake products (e.g. He@LaC82) in high energy collisions with He in a hybrid (BEqQ) mass spectrometer.
Genetics, pathogenesis and clinical interventions in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder afflicting millions of people worldwide. Once diagnosed, patients require lifelong insulin treatment and can experience numerous disease-associated complications. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in elucidating the causes and treatment of the disease based on extensive research both in rodent models of spontaneous diabetes and in humans. Integrating these advances has led to the recognition that the balance between regulatory and effector T cells determines disease risk, timing of disease activation, and disease tempo. Here we describe current progress, the challenges ahead and the new interventions that are being tested to address the unmet need for preventative or curative therapies.
An Ainu approach to symbolic structures and healing techniques

Emiko Ohnuki‐Tierney. Illness and Healing Among the Sakhalin Ainu: a Symbolic Interpretation. Cambridge University Press, 1981. 245pp. $37.50.
Comparison of screening and referral strategies for exposure to partner violence.

BACKGROUND: Although under debate, routine screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) is recommended in health care settings. This study explored the utility of different screening and referral strategies for women exposed to IPV in primary health care. METHODS: Using a randomized controlled trial design we compared two screening strategies (health care providers [HCP] versus audio computer-assisted self-interviews [A-CASI]) and three referral strategies (HCP alone, A-CASI referral with HCP endorsement, and A-CASI alone). English-speaking women who were 18 years and older and were attending women's health clinics at a public hospital were eligible to participate. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three study groups (HCP screen and referral, A-CASI screen and referral with HCP referral endorsement, and A-CASI screen and referral). Women were reinterviewed by telephone 1 week later. The primary outcome was rate of IPV disclosure; secondary outcomes were screening mode preference, reactions to IPV screening, and use of referral resources. RESULTS: Of the 129 eligible women, 126 women were enrolled (98%); 102 women (81% of those enrolled) completed the follow-up telephone interview. Disclosure rates were higher for women screened with A-CASI compared with HCP-screened women (21% vs. 9%; p = .07). Screening mode preference, impact of screening (positive and negative reactions), and rates of use of referral resources were similar between study groups. CONCLUSION: A-CASI tended to yield higher rates of IPV disclosure and similar rates of use of referral resources. A-CASI technology may be a practical way to screen for IPV. Language: en
A Fault Tolerant Digital Control System for Turbo Machinery

There are several major factors influencing the development of modern turbomachinery control systems. First, the demand for fuel efficient engines with low emissions creates complex control requirements. Second, unmanned sites or plants where downtime is exceedingly expensive demand controls with high reliability and availability. In addition, there is a desire for controls to be programmable and to have the ability to communicate with data gathering and logging systems.This paper describes the development and application of a digital control system which answers the above needs.Copyright © 1983 by ASME
The Potential for High Temperature Superconducting AC and DC Motors

ABSTRACT The prospect of using superconductivity (SC) to power electrical machines has been a tantalizing but elusive goal ever since its discovery by Onnes in 1911. However, recent developments which have raised the critical temperature above liquid nitrogen (77K) has removed the major obstacle to practical application of SC to rotating machinery, namely the liquid helium refrigerant system. This paper addresses the potential for utilizing high temperature superconductivity (HTSC) in rotating (as opposed to linear) electrical motors and discusses several approaches to their implementation. Although SC at liquid nitrogen temperature is assumed, the implications of SC at room temperature is not considered in this paper.
Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase Improves Outcomes and Attenuates Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Antiapoptotic Mechanisms in Rats

Background and Purpose— Recent studies have shown the antiapoptotic neuroprotective effects of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) in different forms of brain injury. We tested the effects of PC-SOD in focal cerebral ischemia in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO). Methods— Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PC-SOD (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) administered intravenously after 90 minutes of occlusion (beginning of reperfusion). Physiological parameters, neurological score, and infarct volume were assessed at 24 and 72 hours in 3 groups of animals: sham-operated (n=18), MCAO treated with vehicle (n=26), and MCAO treated with PC-SOD (n=37). Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde assay, and the apoptotic mechanisms were studied by Western blotting. Results— PC-SOD treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological scores at different time points compared with the vehicle-treated group. PC-SOD treatment decreased malondialdehyde levels, cytoc...
Suppression of immunological memory for a cross-reactive idiotype in adult mice.

Previous investigations have demonstrated the feasibility of suppressing the production of an idiotype, associated with anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies in A/J mice, by pretreatment of adult mice with anti-idiotypic antiserum. The present study indicates that immunological memory, with respect to the formation of the cross-reactive idiotype, can similarly be suppressed in adult mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of rabbit anti-idiotypic antiserum. There was no concomitant suppression of the formation of anti-hapten antibody lacking the cross-reactive idiotype, nor of antibody to the protein carrier. The data indicate that the immunoglobulin receptors present on memory cells are available to the injected anti-idiotypic antibodies and that these cells are not sequestered. The data do not distinguish between inactivation or destruction of memory cells in vivo.
Concurrency versus availability: atomicity mechanisms for replicated data

A replicated object is a typed data object that is stored redundantly at multiple locations to enhance availability. Most techniques for managing replicated data have a two-level structure: At the higher level, a replica-control protocol reconstructs the object's state from its distributed components, and at the lower level, a standard concurrency-control protocol synchronizes accesses to the individual components. This paper explores an alternative approach to managing replicated data by presenting two replication methods in which concurrency control and replica management are handled by a single integrated protocol. These integrated protocols permit more concurrency than independent protocols, and they allow availability and concurrency to be traded off: Constraints on concurrency may be relaxed if constraints on availability are tightened, and vice versa. In general, constraints on concurrency and availability cannot be minimized simultaneously.
Psychointegrators: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Therapeutic Effects of Hallucinogens:

Vision-inducing plants ("hallucinogens") are important in many societies, evoking powerful emotional, psychological, cognitive, religious, spiritual, therapeutic and political reactions. These substances' psychophysiological properties shape cross- cultural similarities in patterns of use and experiences, while political factors shape their cultural desirability. Neurological studies illustrate that common effects are based in intervention in serotonergic neurotransmission. Effects upon neural, sensory, emotional, and cognitive processes stimulate integrative information processing, justifying a new term-"psychointegrators." Psychointegrators disin hibit sensory and emotional processes. They stimulate systemic integration of brain information-processing functions, enhancing integration of limbic system self and emotional dynamics with neocortical processes. Their therapeutic applications are reviewed from perspectives of cross-cultural and clinical studies.
The role of standard roentgenograms in the evaluation of instability of pelvic ring disruption

Anteroposterior pelvic roentgenograms of 154 patients with pelvic ring disruptions were evaluated to assess their value in the determination of pelvic instability. Three different categories of stability were roentgenographically recognizable: (1) stable, characterized by impacted vertical fracture of the sacrum, nondisplaced fracture of the posterior sacroiliac complex, and/or subtle fractures of the upper sacrum evidenced by asymmetry of the sacral arcuate lines; (2) unstable, characterized by hemipelvic cephalad displacement exceeding 0.5 cm, sacroiliac joint diastasis exceeding 1 cm and/or sacral or iliac diastatic fracture exceeding 0.5 cm; and (3) indeterminate (that is, suspicious but not diagnostic of pelvic instability), characterized by cephalad hemipelvic displacement of less than 0.5 cm, sacroiliac joint diastasis less than 1 cm, and/or diastatic fracture of the sacrum or ilium of less than 0.5 cm. Correlation of the standard roentgenographic, computed tomographic, and clinical orthopedic examinations revealed that pelvic stability was accurately evaluated on the standard pelvic roentgenograms in 88% of cases. Disruptions were stable in 70%, unstable in 18%, and suspect in 12% of patients, for whom adjunct roentgenographic and clinical examinations were required. Determination of pelvic stability in the manner described allows immediate identification of patients with a stable or unstable pelvic injury, as well as identification of those with indeterminate stability requiring further clinical or roentgenologic evaluation. Immediate recognition of pelvic instability on standard pelvic roentgenograms obviates the need for additional diagnostic studies that unnecessarily delay the institution of emergency therapeutic measures designed to control associated hemorrhage.
A low-cost artificial diet for the corn earworm.

A definite need exists for low-cost artificial diets that will decrease the cost of mass producing insects. However, such an inexpensive diet must also produce healthy, vigorous insects that act as nearly normal as possible. Generally, the more defined, the more expensive a diet becomes. Therefore, one composed of crude organic materials that already contain most of the required nutritional components, defined by Dougherty (1959) as oligidic, should be the least expensive. Then the lowest possible cost could be achieved by purchasing, processing, mixing, and supplementing very large quantities. Blended Food Product, Child Food Supplement, Formula no. 2, commonly called CSM (for corn, soy flour, and milk solids), is such a product.
‘Women's rights as human rights’: Feminist practices, global feminism, and human rights regimes in transnationality 1

This paper argues that the recent calls for articulating women's rights as human rights can be successful only by misrecognition of the geopolitical context of human rights internationalism and the nationalisms that are sustained by it. Arguing that it is only on the level of universalized constructions of ‘women’ as a category and the generalized invocations of oppression by ‘global feminism's’ ‘American’ practitioners that such discourses of rights become powerful, this paper argues that policy and action require addressing localized and transnational specificities that created gendered inequalities. Even in national contexts such as in India, generalized invocations of women's human rights have not been useful since hegemonic forms of religion and culture have also been oppressive to women in minority communities. Concepts of economic and social justice rather than rights may work better in many such cases.
Aging of the human crystalline lens and anterior segment

Changes in the unaccommodated human crystalline lens were characterized as a function of subject age for 100 normal emmetropes over the age range 18-70 yr by Scheimpflug slit-lamp photography. With increasing age, the lens becomes thicker sagittally, but since the distance from the cornea to the posterior lens surface remains unchanged, this indicates that the center of lens mass moves anteriorly and the anterior chamber becomes shallower. Sagittal nuclear thickness is independent of age, but both anterior and posterior cortical thicknesses increase with age, shifting the location of the nucleus and the central sulcus in the anterior direction. The amount of light scattered by the lens at high angles, as represented by normalized and integrated lens densities from the digitized images, increases with increasing age in an exponential fashion. Similar relationships to age are observed for the major anterior zone of discontinuity (maximum density) and the central sulcus (minimum density). The relationships of these results to accommodation and presbyopia are discussed.
Plasmonic nanoprobes for intracellular sensing and imaging

Recent advances in integrating nanotechnology and optical microscopy offer great potential in intracellular applications with improved molecular information and higher resolution. Continuous efforts in designing nanoparticles with strong and tunable plasmon resonance have led to new developments in biosensing and bioimaging, using surface-enhanced Raman scattering and two-photon photoluminescence. We provide an overview of the nanoprobe design updates, such as controlling the nanoparticle shape for optimal plasmon peak position; optical sensing and imaging strategies for intracellular nanoparticle detection; and addressing practical challenges in cellular applications of nanoprobes, including the use of targeting agents and control of nanoparticle aggregation.
Van Hove singularities and the role of doping in the stabilization, synthesis and superconductivity of HgBa2Can−1CunO2n+2+δ

Abstract The electronic structure and Fermi surface of the recently discovered HgBa2Can-1CunO2n+2+δ superconductors have been determined using the full potential linear muffin-tin orbital method and precise structural information determined with neutrons by Radaelli et al. Whereas for stoichiometric HgBa2CuO4 (Hg-1201) the only band crossing the Fermi energy derived from the CuO antibonding state is half-filled, an additional HgO band that crosses EF exists in the case of HgBa2CaCu2O6 (Hg-1212) and HgBa2Ca2CuO4O8 (Hg-1223). Thus, stoichiometric HgBa2CuO4 is expected to be a Mott insulator with dopants essential for forming the normal metallic state that leads to superconductivity at 95 K, in contrast to two other members of the Hg family that are expected to be “self-doped” to a metallic normal state. As in Hg-1201, the electronic structure is two-dimensional and is dominated by van Hove singularities (vHS's) to which EF is pinned by dopants whose calculated concentration is found to agree well with that determined by Radaelli et al. for Hg-1212 for their maximum Tc = 128 K sample. Finally, predicted doping levels for stabilizing a large volume of the high-Tc Hg-1223 phase - and hence its highest Tc - are made on the basis of pinning E F to the vHS.
Rating of High-Temperature Induction Motors

The advent of new high-temperature insulating materials, such as the silicones, gives new freedoms to the motor designer. It is probable, however, that factors other than insulation will limit the desirable motor-temperature rise to values well below the endurance limits of these materials. It is, therefore, desirable to recognize that the size of an induction motor is measured electrically by its breakdown torque, and mechanically by the size of shaft and bearings, the temperature rise being only a secondary factor. Calculations are presented, based on idealized assumptions, which indicate that the optimum temperature rise for continuous rated induction motors is below 80 degrees centigrade, whatever the insulating materials used.