cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overlock-Stitched Stretch Sensors: Characterization and Effect of Fabric Property

The comfort of wearable sensors is often limited by the materials and construction methods of sensors. Here, we present a textile-based stretch sensor that is formed using a common industrial sewing machine, in an overlock formation. Swapping a single thread in the stitch for a conductive thread renders the stitch responsive to stretch through opening and closing short circuits in the looped structure of the exposed conductor. However, the sensor response is influenced by the mechanical properties of the textile to which it is stitched. We explore the influence of fiber content (with an emphasis on elastomeric fiber content) on the baseline drift, response range, and hysteresis of the stitched sensor. Results show that the sensor provides a reliable and repeatable response, with a linear region that spans from the relaxed position to between 18 and 29% elongation. Average drift of about 0.5 Ohm and hysteresis of about 1 Ohm were measured. Effects of fiber content were observed, but do not show clear relationships to percentage of elastomer content.
Opposing Roles for RelB and Bcl-3 in Regulation of T-Box Expressed in T Cells, GATA-3, and Th Effector Differentiation

CD4+ T cells with a block in the NF-kappaB signaling pathway exhibit decreases in Th1 responses and diminished nuclear levels of multiple transactivating NF-kappaB/Rel/IkappaB proteins. To determine the lineage-intrinsic contributions of these transactivators to Th differentiation, T cells from mice deficient in specific subunits were cultured in exogenous cytokines promoting either Th1 or Th2 differentiation. RelB-deficient cells exhibited dramatic defects in Th1 differentiation and IFN-gamma production, whereas no consistent defect in either Th1 or Th2 responses was observed with c-Rel-deficient cells. In sharp contrast, Bcl-3-null T cells displayed no defect in IFN-gamma production, but their Th2 differentiation and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production were significantly impaired. The absence of RelB led to a dramatic decrease in the expression of T-box expressed in T cells and Stat4. In contrast, Bcl-3-deficient cells exhibited decreased GATA-3, consistent with evidence that Bcl-3 can transactivate a gata3 promoter. These data indicate that Bcl-3 and RelB exert distinct and opposing effects on the expression of subset-determining transcription factors, suggesting that the characteristics of Th cell responses may be regulated by titrating the stoichiometry of transactivating NF-kappaB/Rel/IkappaB complexes in the nuclei of developing helper effector cells.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE NON-NATIVE SHRUB LONICERA MAACKII IN KRAMER WOODS, OHIO

This study examined the distribution of Lonicera maackii (Amur honey-suckle) in a 5.2-ha old-regrowth deciduous forest in southwestern Ohio, and focused on its associations with: (1) forest-edge and internal-forest conditions; and (2) composition and structure of the native flora. Fine-scale vegetation patterns were measured in 60 nested plots and mapped with a geographic information system. L. maackii accounted for 24% of the relative importance of understory trees and shrubs based on its density (3361/ha), frequency (95%), and basal area (1.89m2/ha). Within-patch densities correlated significantly with edge attributes, but stem-basal areas were best explained by a covariate model that coupled edge conditions with internal topographic settings. Detrended correspondence analysis identified spatial patterns of community diversity in the understory native flora, and honeysuckle abundances were highest in small discontinuous community patches. Species richness and densities of native shrubs (Lindera benzoin ...
Breaking the Fetters: Why Did Countries Exit the Interwar Gold Standard?

The slow demise of the interwar gold standard figures prominently in explanations of the spread and depth of the Great Depression. The reluctance of some countries to shed their golden fetters is puzzling in the face of the visible gains enjoyed by early quitters. We explore four hypotheses explaining these divergent choices by countries, focusing on different economic shocks, differences in the perceived credibility costs of exiting, different domestic political considerations and mentality and network effects. In a panel dataset comprising both core and periphery countries, we find support for all four explanations.
Genetic analysis of the GRIK2 modifier effect in Huntington's disease

Background: In Huntington's disease (HD), age at neurological onset is inversely correlated with the length of the CAG trinucleotide repeat mutation, but can be modified by genetic factors beyond the HD gene. Association of a relatively infrequent 16 TAA allele of a trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the GRIK2 3'UTR with earlier than expected age at neurological onset has been suggested to reflect linkage disequilibrium with a functional polymorphism in GRIK2 or an adjacent gene. Results: We have tested this hypothesis by sequencing all GRIK2 exons, the exon-flanking sequences and 3'UTR in several individuals who were crucial to demonstrating the modifier effect, as they showed much earlier age at neurological onset than would be expected from the length of their HD CAG mutation. Though ten known SNPs were detected, no sequence variants were found in coding or adjacent sequence that could explain the modifier effect by linkage disequilibrium with the 16 TAA allele. Haplotype analysis using microsatellites, known SNPs and new variants discovered in the 3'UTR argues against a common ancestral origin for the 16 TAA repeat alleles in these individuals. Conclusion: These data suggest that the modifier effect is actually due to the TAA repeat itself, possibly via a functional consequence on the GRIK2 mRNA.
Genomic Technologies in Biomonitoring

Biological monitoring, or biomonitoring, is defined as using measurements of the resident biota in surface waters to evaluate the condition of the aquatic environment (1). In part, biological monitoring in the United States is designed to satisfy the goals of the Clean Water Act, which aims to protect wildlife in and on the water and eliminate discharge in toxic amounts into navigable water. Biomonitoring has inherent advantages over simply measuring the presence or concentration of a particular stressor or toxin due to the fact that organisms represent an integrated response to factors in their environment over time. Biomonitoring in aquatic habitats traditionally involved measuring the diversity within the community of macroinvertebrates, fish, or periphyton using species diversity, composition with respect to functional groups, or genetic diversity (2). Community indices have inherent problems. For example, streams can include a large spatial variance that is not correlated with problems in habitat. In addition, sampling effort can affect diversity measurements, resulting in an increase in the number of species sampled with longer or more frequent sampling times (3). Identification of species is time consuming and can increase the costs associated with these types of measurements due to personnel-hours required (4). As one alternative, measurement of the concentration of chemicals has been used as a surrogate for biological criteria. These chemical water quality criteria (TMDL or total maximum daily load) have been developed by determining concentrations of compounds that cause acute toxicity to standard test organisms. Keywords: resident biota; biomonitoring; standard test organisms; genomic tools; PCR products; DNA arrays; ecotoxicogenomic research
Diagnosing the Source of Financial Market Shocks: an application to the Asian Financial Crisis ∗

This paper presents a diagnostic of the source of financial shocks (idionsyncratic country specific versus common fundamental), which is robust to a range of forms of crisis propagation across markets. Size and power characteristics of the test appear strong. An application of the proposed test statistic to the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 confi rms the tests empirical tractability.
Technical note: Time lag correction of aquatic eddy covariance data measured in the presence of waves

Abstract. Extracting benthic oxygen fluxes from eddy covariance time series measured in the presence of surface gravity waves requires careful consideration of the temporal alignment of the vertical velocity and the oxygen concentration. Using a model based on linear wave theory and measured eddy covariance data, we show that a substantial error in flux can arise if these two variables are not aligned correctly in time. We refer to this error in flux as the time lag bias. In one example, produced with the wave model, we found that an offset of 0.25 s between the oxygen and the velocity data produced a 2-fold overestimation of the flux. In another example, relying on nighttime data measured over a seagrass meadow, a similar offset reversed the flux from an uptake of −50 mmol m−2 d−1 to a release of 40 mmol m−2 d−1. The bias is most acute for data measured at shallow-water sites with short-period waves and low current velocities. At moderate or higher current velocities (> 5–10 cm s−1), the bias is usually insignificant. The widely used traditional time shift correction for data measured in unidirectional flows, where the maximum numerical flux is sought, should not be applied in the presence of waves because it tends to maximize the time lag bias or give unrealistic flux estimates. Based on wave model predictions and measured data, we propose a new time lag correction that minimizes the time lag bias. The correction requires that the time series of both vertical velocity and oxygen concentration contain a clear periodic wave signal. Because wave motions are often evident in eddy covariance data measured at shallow-water sites, we encourage more work on identifying new time lag corrections.
Understanding Functional Decision Making at the Marketing/Manufacturing Interface

Traditionally, each functional area performs specialized portions of the organization’s tasks. Practitioners and academics tend to tackle such “vertical activities” more easily, since the activities require expertise in only one functional area. Horizontal activities, however, cut across functional areas and require much more coordination among functions. The research reported here examines horizontal activities by utilizing a simulation model, PROD/ACCT, to examine profit outcomes of various functionally-rooted decision rules. The results show the potential for such a decision support tool, as well as providing some interesting suggestions regarding constrained and excess capacity.
PICK1 Targets Activated Protein Kinase Cα to AMPA Receptor Clusters in Spines of Hippocampal Neurons and Reduces Surface Levels of the AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2

The PICK1 protein interacts in neurons with the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) and with several other membrane receptors via its single PDZ domain. We show that PICK1 also binds in neurons and in heterologous cells to protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and that the interaction is highly dependent on the activation of the kinase. The formation of PICK1–PKCα complexes is strongly induced by TPA, and PICK1–PKCα complexes are cotargeted with PICK1–GluR2 complexes to spines, where GluR2 is found to be phosphorylated by PKC on serine 880. PICK1 also reduces the plasma membrane levels of the GluR2 subunit, consistent with a targeting function of PICK1 and a PKC-facilitated release of GluR2 from the synaptic anchoring proteins ABP and GRIP. This work indicates that PICK1 functions as a targeting and transport protein that directs the activated form of PKCα to GluR2 in spines, leading to the activity-dependent release of GluR2 from synaptic anchor proteins and the PICK1-dependent transport of GluR2 from the synaptic membrane.
Timing of hemodynamic changes during transnasal endoscopic surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis Although considered less invasive and therefore less morbid than laryngoscopy under general anesthesia, prior research shows that transnasal flexible endoscopic (TNFE) procedures are associated with a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The purpose of this review was to identify the most stimulating portion of the procedure to potentially provide a target for directed pharmacotherapy to ensure hemodynamic stability. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Retrospective chart review of adult patients who underwent upper airway intervention in the larynx and trachea by TNFE. Vital signs recorded at 5-minute intervals throughout the procedure were examined and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results For heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the median change in value was 13 beats per minute (P < 0.0001), 27 mm of mercury (P < 0.0001), and 26.5 mm of mercury (P < 0.0001), respectively. The most significant change in heart rate and saturation was during the application of nasal and laryngeal anesthetic, as well as during the positioning of the scope. Blood pressures were elevated during the procedure itself. With respect to comorbidities, underlying asthma and coronary artery disease were associated with a greater percent change in the heart rate (P = 0.05 for both). Conclusion There are significant vital sign changes during transnasal endoscopic procedures. Changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation tended to occur during preparation, whereas blood pressure was elevated during the laryngeal intervention. For patients with asthma, the percent change was greater, and perhaps a more controlled environment is warranted. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2015
Geometrically non-linear finite element modeling of microelectromechanical structures subjected to electrostatic loading

A general and consistent hybrid non-linear finite element/boundary element method is developed for the purpose of modeling the deformations in an elastic structure under the action of electrostatic forces. Problems of this type occur frequently in the analysis and design of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in which electrostatic actuation is used. Numerous MEMS structures, such as spatial light modulators, deformable micromirrors, and microvalves, have been developed in recent years which use an electrostatic actuation scheme. Because of the highly non-linear nature of the electroelastic behavior of these systems, the process of designing such structures requires a general and powerful numerical technique. An incremental non-linear finite element method is formulated which uses a boundary element solution at each load step to update the electrostatic force on the body and the simple example of a deformable diaphragm is investigated.
Heat Partitioning Coefficient Calculations for Sliding Contacts with Friction

In a sliding contact with a high Peclet number, frictional heat is partitioned between the contacting surfaces and depends heavily on the geometry, the thermo-physical properties of the contacting materials, and contact conditions. In this investigation, comparisons are made between contact temperatures and heat partitioning coefficients computed according to the analyses of Challen and Dowson and Harpavat. In the Challen and Dowson analysis, the moving surface is treated as a half-space, with convective heat loss only from the stationary pad to the surroundings. In the Harpavat analysis, the moving surface has finite thickness, and both the moving surface and stationary pad transfer heat via convection. Several cases are examined and a comparison of the results from the two models is made. The analyses are useful for designers, particularly those facing thermal management challenges in sliding contacts, and for tribological testing, where an accurate contact temperature estimate and partitioning coeffici...
An agent-based framework for linking distributed simulations

Simulations often operate on static datasets and data sources, but many simulations would benefit from access to dynamic data. This paper describes our work developing a software agent-based framework for dynamically linking distributed simulations and other remote data resources. The framework allows independently-designed simulations to communicate seemlessly with no a priori knowledge of the details of other simulations and data sources. In this paper, we discuss our architecture and current implementation developed using the D'Agents mobile agent system. To demonstrate the feasibility of our system, we present a prototype for a hypothetical search and rescue mission.
Estimation of sensor gain and phase using known field covariance

The problem of estimating the direction-independent gain and phase characteristics of an array of sensors, using knowledge of the true field covariance at the sensor locations, is considered. A concise expression for the log-likelihood function is derived. The Cramer-Rao (CR) lower bounds on the variances of gain and phase estimates are given. The Newton algorithm is proposed for maximizing the log-likelihood, and a simple estimator for generating initial conditions is also proposed. Comparisons of the maximum likelihood estimator and CR bounds are given for a simple two-sensor example. >
Lepidopterous insect fauna of Ui-do Island in Korea

The study was carried out to investigate moth (Lepidoptera) twice at Ui-do Island on May 31 and August 30, 2011. A total of 121 species belonging to 11 families were identified. Based on dominance by families, Noctuidae, with 50 species, was the most dominant species. 23 species of Geometridae and 16 species of Crambidae were found in both collections. 60 individuals of Spilarctia seriatopunctata, which was the most dominant species, were collected.
Genetics and the general pediatrician: Where do we belong in this exploding field of medicine?

~ or each of us, the daily mail often deluges us with innumerable medical publications describing remarkable discoveries and new technologies in all areas of medicine. Internet services flash reports of late-breaking research findings. Newspapers and magazines flood the public with headlines promising incredible risks and benefits from this genetics revolution. It seems like sensory overload. As generalists, we already are the gateway (not gatekeepers) to better health for our patients. Do we need more professional societies and agencies pinpointing generalists as key participants in the application of this genetic explosion and ascribing to us an expanded role in its delivery? This sounds like more responsibilities, more potential liability, and more continuing medical education. Do generalists really need to assume these responsibilities in the area of genetics? Does it make sense for us to do so? And if so, is there a template to gauge what we really need to learn to provide the appropriate care for our patients? There is no doubt that scientific discoveries in the field of genetics have proceeded at a phenomenal rate. The Human Genome Project,' ahead of schedule and below its budget of $3 billion (as compared with the total costs including medical expenditures and lost productivity of an estimated $99 billion in 1995 attributable to obesity alone"), has focused the world's attention on a topic that a few years ago captured the interest of only a select group of specialized scientists and clinicians. But it has also spawned a plethora of magazine articles and web sites that have provided a variety of fact and fiction that has created a heightened awareness in our patients. 3 Even our school-age chil-
COGNITIVE FUNCTION OUTCOMES AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Investigations of cognitive recovery from traumatic brain injury have utilized experimental cognitive tasks, including measures of executive function and discourse processing, to elucidate specific sequelae. The scope of research, which includes brain imaging and pharmacologic intervention, could potentially enhance rehabilitation of patients with brain injury.
The benefits of long-term developmental planning: an estimate☆

Abstract This paper measures the gains in social welfare achieved by implementing a series of five-year plans within the framework of longer-term, 10- or 20-year, horizons. We employ an econometric model of Czechoslovakia and optimal control techniques to optimize plan fulfillment over various time horizons. We find that most of the gains from long-term planning can be obtained by using a 10-year horizon; that long-term planning is more useful in periods of rapid structural change; and that one of the main benefits of long-term plans is the avoidance of the cyclical behaviour engendered by five-year plans.
Convergence of the Lax-Friedrichs scheme for isothermal gas dynamics with semiconductor devices

In this paper we study the existence of global solutions to the Euler equations of compressible isothermal gas dynamics with semiconductor devices. We construct the approximate solutions by Lax–Friedrichs scheme. The convergence and consistency are obtained by using the compensated compactness framework for γ = 1. The global entropy solutions in L∞ are obtained. We deal with the initial data containing unbounded velocity which is different from the isentropic case.
DNA Content of Free Living Rhizobia and Bacteroids of Various Rhizobium-Legume Associations

The DNA content of bacteroids from 22 different Rhizobium-legume associations was compared to that of the corresponding free living Rhizobium species using laser flow microfluorometry. In all 18 effective associations, the bacteroids had either similar or higher DNA content than the free living rhizobia. Bacteroid populations isolated from effective clover (Trifolium repens) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) nodules had an average DNA content of >1.5-fold higher than free living R. trifolii and R. meliloti. These populations also contained a significant number of bacteroids with more than 3-fold the DNA content of the free living rhizobia. Populations isolated from effective nodules of winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), peas (Pisum sativum), and mung beans (Phaseolus aureus) had an average DNA content of 1.1- to 1.5-fold higher than free living R. "cowpeas" and R. leguminosarum. Bacteroids from nodules of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and L. minaretta), kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and soybeans (Glycine max), however, had similar DNA content to the free living forms. Two of the four associations which formed ineffective nodules contained bacteroids with lower DNA content than the free living rhizobia. The other two associations contained bacteroids with slightly higher or similar DNA content to the free living rhizobia. Nodules of the ineffective associations also did not contain leghemoglobin.
Fields of Obligation: Rooting ethical sourcing in Kenyan horticulture

It was not so long ago that mangoes, papaya and snow peas evoked images of tropical climes and exotic peoples. Recently, however, the consumption of so-called luxury fruits and vegetables has elicited a different sort of imagery. Far from the lure of seductive landscapes, today’s consumer is confronted with haunting images of toxic fields, child slavery and the African poor. Such images are part of a new morality of consumption, where consumers, NGOs, trade unions and global supermarkets aspire to ‘save’ the African worker from the downside of globalization. This article explores the ways in which Kenya’s highly valuable vegetable trade has become the field on which notions of justice, economic rights and African development are played out. Based on archival research and consumer interviews, it focusses specifically on how the ethical turn of UK consumers (and the retailers’ branding of this sensibility) is rooted in an older legacy, whereby 19th-century liberal considerations of duty, morality and progress inhabited the agenda of the late colonial state. The article suggests that, in both cases, African labor is an arena in which discourses of justice are played out, as a consuming public (re)constitute the African worker as an object of their duty and obligation.
Infrared Reflectance Measurement Of Ion Implanted Silica

Infrared reflectance spectra of silica glass implanted with Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Bi to doses between 0.5 - 6 x 1016 cm-2 have been measured from 5000 cm-1 to 400 cm-1 at room temperature. The ion energy of the implantation was 160 KeV and the current was 10μA. Alterations in reflectance of bands at 1125 and 481 cm-1 in the spectrum of an unimplanted sample of the order of 20% are observed. A band attributed to non-bridging oxygen ions at -1015 cm-1 is observed to increase in intensity with increasing dose for all species. The band at 1125 cm-1 is observed to shift to lower wavenumber with implantation. Bands due to implanted ion-oxygen vibrations were not detected. The magnitudes of the effects on the existing bands were ion specific. This ion specificity is attributed to the differing chemical states of the implanted ions after implantation.
Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure

Abstract Background & Aims: Progression of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major determinant of outcome in acute liver failure (ALF). Our aim was to identify predictive factors of worsening HE, including the relation of encephalopathy with the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and infection. Methods: We included 227 consecutive patients with stage I-II HE prospectively enrolled in the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study. Univariate and multivariate analysis of 27 variables at admission were performed separately for acetaminophen (n = 96) and nonacetaminophen (n = 131) etiologies. Results: On multivariate analysis, acquisition of infection during stage I-II HE ( P P P P P P Conclusions: This prospective evaluation points to infection and/or the resulting systemic inflammatory response as important factors contributing to worsening HE in ALF, mainly in patients with acetaminophen- induced ALF. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in these patients and the mechanisms by which infection triggers hepatic encephalopathy require further investigation.
Clark Moustakas (1923–2012): Scholar, Teacher, Colleague and Friend

I enter his office filled with a keen sense of anticipation. I have been invited here, all of me. I know there is a dedicated space prepared for me, ready for whatever I bring. I sit and feel his g...
Embryonic Expression And Steroid Regulation of Brain Aromatase cyp19a1b in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Estradiol is produced from testosterone by the aromatase gene, cyp19. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, brain aromatase, cyp19a1b, is highly expressed during development. We report the developmental expression pattern of cyp19a1b using whole mount in situ hybridization and describe hormonal effects on the gene using RT-PCR. Expression is up-regulated between 24 and 48 hours postfertilization (hpf). Localized expression of cyp19a1b is first detected at 48 hpf in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, terminal nerve, and olfactory bulb. The gene is itself induced by estradiol in a positive feedback loop. Testosterone exposure also induces the cyp19a1b gene in zebrafish; however, a majority of this induction is blocked by an estrogen receptor antagonist. The expression pattern of aromatase in the brain and its control by steroid hormones is well conserved among the vertebrate lineage.
Changes in Types and Area of Postharvest Flooded Fields Available to Waterbirds in Tulare Basin, California

Abstract Conservation efforts to restore historic waterbird distribution and abundance in the Central Valley of California require information on current and historic areas of waterbird habitat. To provide this information, we mapped the area of agricultural fields in the vicinity of the historic Tulare Lake Bed in the Tulare Basin, California, that were treated postharvest with two different flooding regimes that varied in depth and duration of water applied (< 1 cm to 1.5 m water for longer than 1 wk [FLD]; < 1 to 15 cm water for 1 wk or less [IRG]) during August–March 1991–1994 and 2005–2006. We compared our results with published estimates for 1976–1980 and 1981–1987. Area and crops treated postharvest with FLD or IRG flooding differed among years and months. Overall for August through March, weekly area of FLD fields averaged 1,671 ha in 1976–1980 but declined to about half that in later years; the decline was most severe during January–March. Cotton was primarily treated with IRG flooding and compri...
On the application of degree theory to the analysis of resistive nonlinear networks

This paper presents an application of the theory of the degree of a map to the study of the existence of solutions and some related problems for resistive nonlinear networks. Many well-known results in this area have been generalized to allow coupling among the nonlinear resistors. The usual hypothesis requiring the nonlinear resistors to be eventually increasing has been weakened considerably by only requiring the resistors to be eventually passive. Instead of investigating special cases by special techniques, we study the network equations from a geometrical point of view. The concept of homotopy of odd fields provides a unified yet simple approach for analyzing a large class of practical nonlinear networks. Many known results belong to this category and are derived as special cases of our generalized theorems. This approach leads to a much better understanding of the geometric structure of the vector fields associated with the network equations. As a result, in so far as the existence of solutions is concerned, the concept of eventual passivity is shown to be far more basic than that of eventual increasingness. The emphasis of the concept of eventual passivity also leads naturally to the inclusion of coupling among the nonlinear resistors. The homotopy of odd fields also provides some useful techniques for locating the solutions. Along this line, we also study the bounding region of solutions and discuss the operating range of nonlinear resistors.
The mouse lymph node homing receptor is identical with the lymphocyte cell surface marker Ly-22: role of the EGF domain in endothelial binding.

Abstract The lymph node homing receptor core polypeptide (mLHR c ) is composed of a tandem collection of domains: a lectin domain, an epidermanl growth factor (EGF) domain, and two repeats common in complement regulatory proteins. Here we demonstrate localization of mLHR c to chromosome 1, the portion syntenic with chromosome 1 in man. This locus is inseparable in mouse strains from the murine lymphocyte cell surface marker Ly-22. The data indicate that Ly-22 is an allelic determinant on the LHR resulting from a single amino acid interchange within the EGF domain. Cross-blocking experiments demonstrate that anti-Ly-22 and MEL-14 recognize independent epitopes and that Ly-22 is distinct from the carbohydrate binding region. Application of anti-Ly-22 in the in vitro binding assay shows inhibition of binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEVs). The localization of the Ly-22 epitope in this novel chimeric protein suggests direct participation of the EGF domain in the adhesion of lymphocytes to HEV.
Invitation to complex analysis

Preface 1. From complex numbers to Cauchy's Theorem 2. Applications of Cauchy's Theorem 3. Analytic continuation 4. Harmonic functions and conformal mapping 5. Miscellaneous topics Index.
Visions and Revisions: A Special Education Perspective on the Whole Language Controversy:

This article discusses the conflict between emerging conceptions of literature-based or whole language approaches to reading/literacy instruction and the direct instruction approach that was widely advocated in the 1980s. The conceptualizations underlying each approach are delineated, as are the limitations. The essay concludes with a depiction of each approach as an idealized vision of the teaching-learning process and the assertion that, in practice, these approaches often overlap. It concludes with a call for research that examines issues in literacy instruction, in a nonpolemic fashion, through careful observation of actual teaching.
Theory of the lower critical magnetic field for a two-dimensional superconducting film in a nonuniform field

We consider the appearance of vortices in a two-dimensional (2D) superconducting film exposed to a nonuniform magnetic field ${\mathbit{B}}_{a}$ produced by a nearby coil. The film has ``infinite'' radius ${R}_{f}$ and thickness $t$ about equal to the coherence length \ensuremath{\xi}. The coil is approximated as a point dipole. We find that the first vortex-bearing state to appear has both a vortex and an antivortex. The Gibbs free energy of this state is lower than the vortex-free state when the maximum applied perpendicular field, i.e., the applied field ${B}_{0}$ at the origin, exceeds the external critical field ${B}_{c1}^{0}=\frac{4\sqrt{2}\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{R}\frac{{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{2}}\mathrm{ln}(\frac{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\xi}})$, where $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{2}}\mathrm{ln}(\frac{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\xi}})\ensuremath{\equiv}{B}_{c1}^{2D}$ is the intrinsic critical field in 2D, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\equiv}2{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}/t$ is the 2D penetration depth introduced by Pearl, and \ensuremath{\lambda} is the bulk penetration depth. The prefactor $4\sqrt{2}\ensuremath{\Lambda}/R$ is calculated in the strong-screening regime $\ensuremath{\Lambda}/R\ensuremath{\ll}1$. $R$ is the radial distance at which the applied perpendicular field ${B}_{a,z}(\ensuremath{\rho})$ changes sign. In the lab, the onset of vortex effects generally occurs at a field much higher than ${B}_{c1}^{0}$, indicating that vortices are inhibited by the vortex-antivortex unbinding barrier, or by pinning.
Processing and properties of titanium foils

Abstract Advanced aerospace structures call for the use of structural honeycomb materials for improved load carrying capacity combined with reduced weight. Foils produced from titanium-based alloys are candidate materials for honeycomb applications because of their low density and good intermediate temperature strength properties. The production of foils from titanium-based alloys is difficult, however, principally because of atmospheric contamination during processing. The current state of the art of Ti6Al4V foil production is reviewed and a newly developed foil production method based upon elevated temperature pack rolling is presented. This novel processing method yields a fully dense foil with microstructures, oxygen content and mechanical properties comparable with more massive bar and plate products.
Blunted hippocampal, but not striatal, acetylcholine efflux parallels learning impairment in diencephalic-lesioned rats.

Abstract A rodent model of diencephalic amnesia, pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD), was used to investigate the dynamic role of hippocampal and striatal acetylcholine (ACh) efflux across acquisition of a nonmatching-to-position (NMTP) T-maze task. Changes in ACh efflux were measured in rats at different time points in the acquisition curve of the task (early = day 1, middle = day 5, and late = day 10). Overall, the control group had higher accuracy scores than the PTD group in the latter sessions of NMTP training. During the three microdialysis sampling points, all animals displayed significant increases in ACh efflux in both hippocampus and striatum, while performing the task. However, on day 10, the PTD group showed a significant behavioral impairment that paralleled their blunted hippocampal—but not striatal—ACh efflux during maze training. The results support selective diencephalic–hippocampal dysfunction in the PTD model. This diencephalic–hippocampal interaction appears to be critical for successful episodic and spatial learning/memory.
Cytokine Gene Profile in Circulating Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Increased Interleukin-2 but not Interleukin-4 mRNA:

Cytokines are important in developmental and effector pathways of lymphocyte function. Our objective was to elucidate the profile of cytokines produced by circulating mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as estimated from studies of cytokine-gene activation. cDNA prepared by reverse transcription of lymphocyte mRNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and normalized on the basis of beta-actin gene expression. Of 10 cytokines investigated in 16 individuals, differences between SLE and controls were found in only three. IL-2 transcripts were detected in four of six cases of subjects hospitalized for active SLE, but in only one of seven healthy controls, and none of three cases with pulmonary tuberculosis. By contrast, IL-4 transcripts were decreased compared with healthy controls and patients with tuberculosis. Also, TGF beta transcripts appeared to be decreased in SLE. All individuals studied regularly demonstrated high levels of transcripts for IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF alpha and transcripts for IFN gamma, TNF beta, IL-5 and IL-10 were variably expressed. In a second group of six SLE patients with less active disease, there was also a decrease in IL-4 expression compared with six healthy controls. Moreover, assays performed on sera from patients with active SLE revealed that IL-4 levels were not increased. Although in mice this cytokine has a well documented role in supporting antibody production, this study provides no evidence that IL-4 is involved in the B cell hyperactivity characteristic of human SLE.
Differential expression in an antisense MYCN neuroblastoma model.

Background A previously published antisense MYCN-expressing model system was utilized to identify genes whose expression is altered by the down-regulation of MYCN by AS MYCN. Results Differential display comparing nontransfected human NB NBL-S cells to three AS MYCN-expressing cell lines (NBAS-4, -5, and -6) yielded nine differentially expressed cDNAs designated NDDE:1–9, for MYCN-dependent differential expression genes. A GenBank search revealed matches for seven of the nine cDNAs. Differential expression was confirmed for five of the cDNAs by Northern blot analysis. Results NDDE:8 is up-regulated in the AS MYCN-expressing clones and shares homology with the EB1 clone p53-induced gene (PRG3). NDDE:2 is up-regulated in the high-expressing N-myc protein NBL-S cells and shares homology with a 27 kD heat shock protein PAN1 clone. Further analysis of all five cDNAs might further elucidate the targets of MYCN in NB. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 35:669–672, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Normative study of age variation in salivary progesterone profiles.

Daily salivary progesterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 124 women aged 18-44 with regular menstrual cycles and the superimposed luteal progesterone profiles were compared by age group. Salivary progesterone correlated with serum progesterone (correlation coefficient 0.80.-0.97. The subjects were screened for regular cycles of 22-38 days normal body weight and no weight loss or vigorous exercise or recent oral contraceptives or pregnancy. The age groups of 20-24 to 35-39 consistently showed highest average progesterone levels average mid-luteal progesterone peak progesterone number of days with progesterone over 300 pmol/1 and ovulatory frequency. The day of peak progesterone level was latest in the youngest women aged 18-19 earliest in those age 30-34 and intermediate in the other groups. There was a gradual continuous progression and regression in luteal function with age over the reproductive span. The implications of this gradual change in ovarian function for studies in human biology not only for carefully screened healthy Americans but also for populations living in harsher ecological conditions are discussed.
Doing political science in the Philippines: 1962–2012

It is a great honor to have been invited to address you today, a beautifully appropriate way to end my 64th year in the study of Philippine politics. Maraming salamat. In fact, this honor would hav...
The Long-Term Decay in Production Rates Following the Extreme Outburst of Comet 17p/Holmes

Numerous sets of narrowband filter photometry were obtained of Comet 17P/Holmes from Lowell Observatory during the interval of 2007 November 1 to 2008 March 5. Observations began 8 days following its extreme outburst, at which time the derived water production rate, based on OH measurements, was 5 × 1029 molecule s–1 and the derived proxy of dust production, A(θ)fρ, was about 5 × 105 cm. Relative production rates for the other gas species, CN, C2, C3, and NH, are consistent with "typical" composition (based on our update to the classifications by A'Hearn et al.). An exponential decay in the logarithm of measured production rates as a function of time was observed for all species, with each species dropping by factors of about 200-500 after 125 days. All gas species exhibited clear trends with aperture size, and these trends are consistent with larger apertures having a greater proportion of older material that was released when production rates were higher. Much larger aperture trends were measured for the dust, most likely because the dust grains have smaller outflow velocities and longer lifetimes than the gas species; therefore, a greater proportion of older, i.e., higher production dust is contained within a given aperture. By extrapolating to a sufficiently small aperture size, we derive near-instantaneous water and dust production rates throughout the interval of observation, and also estimate values immediately following the outburst. The finite lifetime of the gas species requires that much higher ice vaporization rates were taking place throughout the observation interval than occurred prior to the outburst, likely due to the continued release of icy grains from the nucleus. The relatively small aperture trends for the gas species also imply that the bulk of fresh, excess volatiles are confined to the nucleus and near-nucleus regime, rather than being associated with the outburst ejecta cloud. A minimum of about 0.1% of the total nucleus volume was vaporized water ice, while a dust volume corresponding to at least 1%-2% was likely to have been released from the nucleus.
LOW TEMPERATURE AQUEOUS PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF PHENOL

Abstract Low temperature aqueous phase heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of dissolved organic compounds is a potential means for remediation of contaminated ground and surface waters, industrial effluents, and other wastewater streams. The capability for operation at substantially milder conditions of temperature and pressure, in comparison to those required for supercritical water oxidation and closely related wet air oxidation processes, is made possible through the use of an extremely active bi-metallic noble metal catalyst. Phenol degradation studies were conducted using continuous flow packed bed microreactors configured to minimize the deviation from plug flow. Reaction rate constants for the disappearance of phenol were determined using a pseudo first order plug flow kinetic model over the temperature range between 35–65°C. These data were used to derive Arrhenius activation energies and pre-exponential factors. Reactor operating conditions required for mineralization of phenol have been determined.
The Evolution of Technology

The historical development of technologies for catheter-based reperfusion of the acutely ischemic human brain is brief but eventful (Table). The first clinical patients were treated with local microcatheter delivery of intra-arterial fibrinolytics in the mid-1990s. The first mechanical recanalization technique, primary intra-arterial balloon angioplasty, was described a few years later. Over the subsequent decade and a half, successive waves of innovative mechanical thrombectomy devices were introduced. The rapid proliferation of technology reflects the inherent dynamic of biomechanical device development, characterized by rapid engineering innovation focused on a well-circumscribed target, in contrast to the slower, more deliberate arc of drug development, which requires extensive testing of each new molecular entity for unexpected off-target effects on diverse organs. The heterogeneity of target vascular lesions in cerebrovascular disease mandates a diversity of mechanical treatment options for deployment by interventionalists. In many patients, the intracranial occlusion is an embolus that has arisen from the heart or a proximal aortocervical arterial source and landed in a relatively normal recipient artery. Such target thrombi respond well to retrieval and aspiration strategies. In other patients, the occlusive lesion is comprised of an in situ intracranial atherosclerotic plaque with supervening thrombosis. These target lesions will not respond well to retrieval devices, which catch on the plaque, or to aspiration devices, which are effective only for the thrombus component. However, they do respond well to angioplasty and stenting, which accomplish controlled cracking and dissection of the underlying atherosclerotic lesions.1 There is a notable race, ethnic variation in the composition of intracranial occlusions.2 Among whites, emboli from the heart or extracranial arterial sources are common; among Asians and blacks, in situ intracranial atherosclerosis with supervening thrombosis is more frequent. As a result, the most effective and commonly used mechanical treatment strategies vary regionally across the globe. The endovascular …
Illustrations of a Dynamical Theory of the Ether

The Schrodinger and Klein-Gordon equations for free, structureless particles are derived classically from two different continuum approximations to a Boltzmann equation for the trace component of a mixture. The majority component is designated as the ether. Deviations from these continuum approximations (rarefied ether) yield deviations from the Schrodinger and Klein-Gordon equations which are shown explicitly.
The Ethnographic Method in Sociology

This article calls attention to the basics m ethnographic fieldwork and points out how they fit together to form the ethnographic method in sociology. The various requirements that must be met to achieve reliability and validity of fieldwork data are discussed. They include adequate and appropriate sampling procedures, systematic techniques for gathering and analyzing data, validation of data, avoidance of observer bias, and documentation of findings. The article shows the novice and reminds the experienced field-worker that the ethnographic method is a singularly dynamic and fruitful way of studying the human scene, offering, as it does, unique investigative, substantive, and theoretical contributions to social research.
Lichen succession on recently deposited rock surfaces

Summary A study of lichen succession on seven rock surfaces of recent origin occurring below timberline in the North Canterbury high country, New Zealand, is described. Trends derived from data on occurrence of species, number of species, and total lichen cover were found to have a general correlation with age. Some of the variation in the values obtained could be attributed to the effect of stone size. The computing of negative exponential curves for three 40 yr old surfaces indicated that clear asymptotic levels could be defined for the relationship between numbers of species per stone and stone area. These asymptotes provide a means of eliminating variability attributable to stone size from the data, enhancing the possibility of using the general trends described as a means for dating rock surfaces. Further variation in the data appeared to be the result of environmental differences.