cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MARINE RESERVES AND OCEAN NEIGHBORHOODS: The Spatial Scale of Marine Populations and Their Management

▪ Abstract The movement of individuals defines a spatial neighborhood that can help determine marine management strategies. Here, I briefly review four fields of marine biology that each differentially illuminate the scale of marine neighborhoods: effects of marine reserves, tagging studies, microchemistry, and population genetics. These suggest adult neighborhood sizes for many demersal fish and invertebrates as small as kilometers and up to 10 to 100 km. Larval dispersal may be shorter than previously suspected: neighborhood sizes of 10 to 100 km for invertebrates and 50 to 200 km for fish are common in current compilations. How can small reserves protect such species? One conceptual framework is to set reserve size based on adult neighborhood sizes of highly fished species and determine spacing of a reserve network based on larval neighborhoods. The multispecies nature of fisheries demands that network designs accommodate different life histories and take into account the way local human communities us...
Multiple source 2.45 to 28 GHz electron cyclotron heating on the levitated dipole experiment

The levitated dipole experiment (LDX) is investigating a magnetic dipole field configuration similar to planetary magnetospheres as an alterative confinement concept for fusion plasmas. Recent experiments have confirmed that stationary, highly peaked plasma density profiles (> 50 core to edge) are formed by the conservation of the product of plasma density and differential flux tube volume (V = ∮dl/B). These natural peaked profiles are maintained by ambient plasma turbulence, contrary to experience with plasmas inside a set of coils where turbulence acts to flatten profiles. LDX uses a 1.1 MA, 34 cm mean radius, 560 kg superconducting coil (F-coil) that is freely floated by a 280 kA levitating coil for over 2 hours between cryogenic recoolings. Plasmas are started and sustained by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) on closed flux surfaces encircling the F-coil that cross the outer midplane radius between 67 and 177 cm. The magnetic field strength varies from 0.007 to 3.2 Tesla around the F-coil on these flux surfaces corresponding to EC resonance between 0.2 to 90 GHz. Consequently, ECH in a magnetic dipole is possible with a multiplicity of sources at many frequencies.
Next generation real-time RTI software

Abstract: This paper describes the recent changes to the RTI-Kit and changes being studied to develop new paradigms for real-time distributed simulation execution. We discuss design options for hard real-time (HRT) extensions to the High-Level Architecture and current efforts to adapt the high-performance RTI-Kit modules to a HRT RTI. We give some preliminary results supporting the efficacy of a hard real-time RTI implementation and discuss the impact of its availability.
Sonar cephalometry in twin pregnancy: Discordancy of the biparietal diameter after 28 weeks' gestation

Abstract Sonar measured biparietal diameter (BPD) differences of twin pairs were examined in 123 twin pregnancies at or beyond 28 weeks' gestation. Among 117 liveborn sets, the risk of a twin infant being small for gestational age was threefold greater when paired BPD differences were 5 mm or more compared to 4 mm or less. The incidence of fetal death increased from 2.7% for twin pairs with 0 to 6 mm BPD differences to 20% when the difference was 7 mm or more. Sonar cephalometry may be helpful in the antepartum evaluation of twin pregnancies, although detection of BPD discordancy does not preclude normal twin outcome.
Bachelor and Harem Stallion Behavior'and Endocrinology'

Horses naturally breed within a harem social unit that typically includes one mature breeding stallion with several mares and their immature offspring. Non-harem stallions comprise relatively stable social groups known as bachelor bands. When a harem position becomes vacant, a stallion emerges from a bachelor band to fill the vacancy. We studied harem and bachelor stallion phenomena using a model of pony stallions pastured together under semi-feral conditions. In this model, one stallion assumed the role of “harem stallion,” vigilantly guarding an area within the stallion pasture along the fence line facing nearby mare pastures. The remaining stallions interacted as a bachelor band. If the harem stallion was removed from the pasture, a stallion from the bachelor group rapidly emerged to fill the position. If we replaced to the pasture a former harem stallion, the former harem stallion typically displaced the incumbent harem stallion back to the bachelor band. Order of emergence from the bachelor band to fill harem position vacancies, while highly repeatable, was not strongly associated with bachelor age, height, weight, testosterone concentrations, ranked level of aggressive behavior, or ranked leader-follower behavior. Emergence from bachelor to harem status consistently resulted in a sudden sharp rise in testosterone concentration, which remained high for the duration of harem status. Displacement from harem status back to the bachelor band was consistently associated with a sharp decrease in testosterone concentration. Testosterone concentrations with harem status were significantly higher than those with bachelor status for all months of the year. These changes in behavior and testosterone concentrations of sexually experienced mature stallions suggest social modulation of behavior and endocrinology, with enhancement of reproductive function as a harem stallion and/or suppression as a bachelor. Extremely wide variation in testosterone concentrations due to sociosexual conditions raises important questions about basic neuroendocrinology of stallions, including methodological concerns. Equally significant are questions raised regarding management of domestic breeding stallions.
The management of rheumatic diseases in pregnancy

Pregnancy can create a challenge for physicians caring for women with rheumatic diseases. For many women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pregnancy can provide a reprieve from long-term joint pain and inflammation, but others will not experience remission and will continue to need medication. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may remain quiet in some women, but in others may become more aggressive during pregnancy, putting both mother and foetus at risk. Women with limited scleroderma can do remarkably well, but scleroderma renal crises can be difficult to manage. A third of pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may be refractory to our best therapy. In general, active inflammation from rheumatic diseases poses a stronger threat to the well-being of both mother and foetus than many immunosuppressant medications. Therefore, continued immunosuppression with the least risky medications will allow for the most optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Theoretical investigation of thermodynamic stability and mobility of the oxygen vacancy in ThO2-UO2 solid solutions.

The thermodynamic stability and the migration energy barriers of oxygen vacancies in ThO2–UO2 solid solutions are investigated by density functional theory calculations. In pure ThO2, the formation energy of the oxygen vacancy is 7.58 eV and 1.46 eV under O rich and O poor conditions, respectively, while its migration energy barrier is 1.97 eV. The addition of UO2 into ThO2 significantly decreases the energetics of formation and migration of the oxygen vacancy. Among the range of UO2–ThO2 solid solutions studied in this work, UO2 exhibits the lowest formation energy (5.99 eV and −0.13 eV under O rich and O poor conditions, respectively) and Th0.25U0.75O2 exhibits the lowest migration energy barrier (∼1 eV). Furthermore, by considering chemical potential, the phase diagram of the oxygen vacancy as a function of both temperature and oxygen partial pressure is shown, which could help to gain experimental control over oxygen vacancy concentration.
Calling and vigilance in california ground squirrels: a test of the tonic communication hypothesis

Abstract Owings & Hennessy (1984) proposed that repetitive calling by ground squirrels, i.e. long bouts of calling wherein the same vocalization is uttered repeatedly, might act as a tonic signal to promote vigilance in perceivers. This idea was tested by comparing the effect of naturally occurring repetitive and nonrepetitive calls on the behaviour of California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi. Both types of calls increased the amount of time spent vigilant by perceivers, especially in bipedal postures. More time was spent vigilant after repetitive than non-repetitive calls, thus supporting the tonic communication hypothesis. However, longer bouts of repetitive calling did not promote proportionately increased vigilance over that evoked by shorter calls. In fact, the reverse was true and the increase in vigilance to repetitive calls began to wane during the later stages of a calling bout. Repetitive calling may represent a case of ‘persuasion’, in which the signaller continues signalling in an attempt to maintain some state in resistant perceivers.
Housing Uncertainty and Childhood Impatience.

The study demonstrates a direct link between housing uncertainty and children's time preferences, or patience. We show that students who face housing uncertainties through mortgage foreclosures and eviction learn impatient behavior and are therefore at greater risk of making poor intertemporal choices such as dropping out of school. We find that large household size and the occurrence of an eviction significantly increases the impatience of children as measured by discount rates. At the same time, we find that living in a single-family home with both parents significantly decreases children's discount rates and thus impatience.
Reduction of All-Atom Protein Folding Dynamics to One-Dimensional Diffusion.

Theoretical models have often modeled protein folding dynamics as diffusion on a low-dimensional free energy surface, a remarkable simplification. However, the accuracy of such an approximation and the number of dimensions required were not clear. For all-atom folding simulations of ten small proteins in explicit solvent we show that the folding dynamics can indeed be accurately described as diffusion on just a single coordinate, the fraction of native contacts (Q). The diffusion models reproduce both folding rates, and finer details such as transition-path durations and diffusive propagators. The Q-averaged diffusion coefficients decrease with chain length, as anticipated from energy landscape theory. Although the Q-diffusion model does not capture transition-path durations for the protein NuG2, we show that this can be accomplished by designing an improved coordinate Qopt. Overall, one-dimensional diffusion on a suitable coordinate turns out to be a remarkably faithful model for the dynamics of the prot...
Answer Quickly: How Much Do You Think You'll Get from Social Security?

This year, one in four new retirees will discover that their largest retirement income source falls 28 percent or more below their expectations. But that asset is not a recession-battered 401(k) account. It is Social Security. To understand why, answer quickly: How much do you think your Social Security benefit will be? If you do not know, you are in good company. Due to the complexity of Social Security's benefit formula, a worryingly large proportion of Americans have no idea what their Social Security benefit will be until the first check arrives. This 'predictability risk' is just as costly as the market risk associated with 401(k) plans. Simplifying Social Security benefits should be a priority when reform is addressed.
A Novel Inositol Pyrophosphate Phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Siw14 PROTEIN SELECTIVELY CLEAVES THE β-PHOSPHATE FROM 5-DIPHOSPHOINOSITOL PENTAKISPHOSPHATE (5PP-IP5)

Inositol pyrophosphates are high energy signaling molecules involved in cellular processes, such as energetic metabolism, telomere maintenance, stress responses, and vesicle trafficking, and can mediate protein phosphorylation. Although the inositol kinases underlying inositol pyrophosphate biosynthesis are well characterized, the phosphatases that selectively regulate their cellular pools are not fully described. The diphosphoinositol phosphate phosphohydrolase enzymes of the Nudix protein family have been demonstrated to dephosphorylate inositol pyrophosphates; however, theSaccharomyces cerevisiaehomolog Ddp1 prefers inorganic polyphosphate over inositol pyrophosphates. We identified a novel phosphatase of the recently discovered atypical dual specificity phosphatase family as a physiological inositol pyrophosphate phosphatase. Purified recombinant Siw14 hydrolyzes the β-phosphate from 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5PP-IP5or IP7)in vitro. In vivo,siw14Δ yeast mutants possess increased IP7levels, whereas heterologousSIW14overexpression eliminates IP7from cells. IP7levels increased proportionately whensiw14Δ was combined withddp1Δ orvip1Δ, indicating independent activity by the enzymes encoded by these genes. We conclude that Siw14 is a physiological phosphatase that modulates inositol pyrophosphate metabolism by dephosphorylating the IP7isoform 5PP-IP5to IP6.
OII‐C‐1

BACKGROUND/AIMS Dietary constituents alter drug metabolism in adults contributing to therapeutic failure or toxicity. The effect of diet on drug disposition in infants was investigated in this study. METHODS Oral caffeine (CAF) and dextromethorphan (DEX) were given to 35 healthy infants at 6 visits over their first 6 months of life. CAF was measured in plasma to determine the apparent elimination rate constant (ke). CAF, DEX, and their metabolites were measured by HPLC in urine samples collected over 24 hr. RESULTS CAF ke at the first visit (2 wks) was low and unrelated to post-conceptional age. After 2 wks, CAF ke displayed a significant positive linear correlation with post-natal age (ke = .004 (Age[wks]) + .001; p<0.001). CAF ke increased faster in formula-fed infants (slope = 0.005 95%CI: 0.004, 0.006) than in breast-fed infants (slope = 0.002 95%CI: 0.001, 0.002) (p<0.001). CAF ke in formula-fed infants was associated with increased conversion of CAF to 3-demethylated metabolites. DEX metabolism, assessed as the fractional molar recovery of 3-hydroxymorphinan (fr3HM), showed a similar marked increase with postnatal age[(fr3HM) = .014 Age[wks] + .203; p< 0.001] that did not differ between diets. CONCLUSIONS Formula feeding accelerates the development of CAF metabolism but not DEX. Components of an infant's diet differentially modify the developmental regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes. Dietary modification of drug metabolism appears to alter exposure to xenobiotics from a very early age. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P6–P6; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.018
Liberal and Communitarian Defenses of Workplace Privacy

In this paper, I survey liberal and communitarian defenses of privacy, paying particular attention to defenses of privacy in the workplace. I argue that liberalism cannot explain all our of intuitions about the wrongness of workplace invasions of privacy. Communitarianism, on the other hand, is able to account for these intuitions.
Analysis of seasonal influenza surveillance result in Jinzhou during 2007～2009

Objective:To forecast tendency of influenza pandemic and to find variation viruses and a new subtype virus strain in time against antigenic analysis and gene characteristics in monitoring seasonal influenza.Methods:Influenza viruses were detected by PCR,and isolated by MDCK cell.Results:In our city,influenza virus strain isolating rates in 2007 and 2008 were 6% and 8.2%,which were lower than the rate,11.36% in 2009.There were significant differences between them.Conclusion:Influenza virus strains were mainly H3 and BY.They spread in Autumn-winter seasons in 2007 and 2008.But during 2009,the strains were mostly influenza A virus,and the new subtype H1N1 that causes world pandemics was isolated in seasonal influenza.
Estrogen relaxation of coronary artery smooth muscle is mediated by nitric oxide and cGMP

Estrogens are proposed to exert protection against cardiovascular disease, and evidence now suggests that this protection involves a direct vasodilatory effect. We have shown previously that estrog...
A Roentgenographic Cephalometric Study of Prognathism in Chinese Males and Females

Abstract No Abstract Available. * Based on a portion of a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide for the partial fulfillment of requirements of the degree of Master of Dental Surgery. This investigation was supported in part by a Dental Board of South Australia Research Scholarship.
Targeting orphan G protein‐coupled receptors for the treatment of diabetes and its complications: C‐peptide and GPR146

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most abundant receptor family encoded by the human genome and are the targets of a high percentage of drugs currently in use or in clinical trials for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and its associated complications. Thus, orphan GPCRs, for which the ligand is unknown, represent an important untapped source of therapeutic potential for the treatment of many diseases. We have identified the previously orphan GPCR, GPR146, as the putative receptor of proinsulin C-peptide, which may prove to be an effective treatment for diabetes-associated complications. For example, we have found a potential role of C-peptide and GPR146 in regulating the function of the retinal pigment epithelium, a monolayer of cells in the retina that serves as part of the blood–retinal barrier and is disrupted in diabetic macular oedema. However, C-peptide signalling in this cell type appears to depend at least in part on extracellular glucose concentration and its interaction with insulin. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of orphan GPCRs with a special focus on C-peptide and GPR146, including past and current strategies used to ‘deorphanize’ this diverse family of receptors, past successes and the inherent difficulties of this process.
Fast object tracking through the use of artificial neural networks

A key function for an autonomous robot is recognition and tracking of pertinent objects observed through a camera. Real-time interpretation of camera images is critical to a robot's interaction with the physical world. This paper presents preliminary results in using artificial neural networks (ANN) to examine the pixels of an image. While processing all pixels through ANNs would jeopardize the real-time processing requirements, the accuracy gained facilitates use of algorithms that only need to examine a fraction of the pixels composing an image in order to recognize and track the objects of interest. Presented herein is a test environment and problem statement, description of a methodology that employed ANNs to address the problem, and details of the algorithms that interpret images. The results show a high degree of success within the domain of the test environment.
Pan-cancer analysis of bi-allelic alterations in homologous recombination DNA repair genes

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and are germ-line cancer pre-disposition genes that result in a syndrome of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Whether germ-line or somatic alterations in these genes or other members of the HR pathway and if mono- or bi-allelic alterations of HR-related genes have a phenotypic impact on other cancers remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we perform a pan-cancer analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set and observe that bi-allelic pathogenic alterations in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-related genes are prevalent across many malignancies. These bi-allelic alterations often associate with genomic features of HR deficiency. Further, in ovarian, breast and prostate cancers, bi-allelic alterations are mutually exclusive of each other. The combination of these two properties facilitates reclassification of variants of unknown significance affecting DNA repair genes, and may help personalize HR directed therapies in the clinic. Germline mutations in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair genes are linked to breast and ovarian cancer. Here, the authors show that mutually exclusive bi-allelic inactivation of HR genes are present in other cancer types and associated with genomic features of HR deficiency, expanding the potential use of HR-directed therapies.
Examining African American Parent-Daughter HIV Risk Communication Using a Black Feminist-Ecological Lens: Implications for Intervention:

Using a framework of ecological systems theory and Black feminist theory, this article provides a conceptual exploration of barriers and facilitators to HIV risk communication between African American parents and daughters. African American female adolescents are disproportionately diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and are more likely to engage in sexually risky behaviors, which increases their risk of contracting HIV. Researchers have documented the importance of parental beliefs, knowledge, and communication about sexual and HIV risk as a protective factor in influencing safe sexual behavior in their daughters. By incorporating the ecological influences that affect familial processes among African American parents, in addition to highlighting Black feminist concepts, this article proposes a racial and gender-specific theoretical model to guide future family-based HIV prevention interventions.
An exploratory examination of the effects of coaches' pre-game speeches on athletes' perceptions of self-efficacy and emotion.

This study sought to explore the influence of the pre-game speech on athlete perceptions of self-efficacy and emotions. Participants included 151 competitive soccer players (M age = 14.21 years, SD = 1.85) and their 10 male coaches (Mage = 32.78 years, SD = 8.56). Athletes completed a survey before and after the coach's speech to assess self-efficacy and felt emotions. A repeated measures regression did not show an overall increase in self-efficacy. However, the amount of information perceived in the pre-game speech predicted self-efficacy variation. Functional emotions also varied over time with the amount of information again predicting this variation. The results of this study indicate that coaches have the potential to impact athletes ' efficacy and emotion prior to competition through a pre-game speech.
Synthesis of Modular Brush Polymer–Protein Hybrids Using Diazotransfer and Copper Click Chemistry

Proteoglycans are important brush-like biomacromolecules, which serve a variety of functions in the human body. While protein-bottlebrush hybrids are promising proteoglycan mimics, many challenges still exist to robustly produce such polymers. In this paper, we report the modular synthesis of protein-brush hybrids containing elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) as model proteins by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. We exploit the recently discovered imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide (ISA) in a diazotransfer reaction to introduce an N-terminal azide onto an ELP. Next, we use a click reaction to couple the azido-ELP to an alkyne-terminated amine-rich polymer followed by a second diazotransfer step to produce an azide-rich backbone that serves as a scaffold. Finally, we used a second click reaction to graft alkyne-terminated poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) bristles to the azide-rich backbone to produce the final protein-bottlebrush hybrid. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this synthetic path at each step through careful characterization with 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and diagnostic test reactions on SDS-PAGE. Final reaction products could be consistently obtained for a variety of different molecular weight backbones with final total grafting efficiencies around 70%. The high-yielding reactions employed in this highly modular approach allow for the synthesis of protein-bottlebrush hybrids with different proteins and brush polymers. Additionally, the mild reaction conditions used have the potential to avoid damage to proteins during synthesis.
From the Canopy to the Caye: Two of Britain's Colonial Ventures in Nineteenth-Century Belize

During the nineteenth century, Latin America was a hotbed of trade and commerce driven principally by extractive industries such as agriculture (principally sugar) and hardwood collection. Such ventures required large injections of capital into the creation and maintenance of productive landscapes as well as for hiring, housing, and feeding the workers who provided labor and management. The following chapter will explore two such sites in Belize. Lamanai, an inland site, which is located in what is now the Orange Walk District of northwestern Belize and San Pedro Town, which is located off the coast of Belize on Ambergris Caye. During the nineteenth century, British colonists established settlements at these sites: at Lamanai, to plant sugar cane and harvest logwood and mahogany and, on Ambergris Caye to cultivate a coconut plantation. Along with wild fauna, chicken, beef, and bottled, canned, or barreled products such as soda water, salted pork, and potted meat, the residents of nineteenth-century Lamanai and San Pedro Town were also active consumers of tobacco and bottled alcoholic beverages. In addition, earned labor money was used to purchase bottled medicines, health and hygiene products (e.g., chamber pots), and wearable objects such as buttons and boot heels. Here, we compare and contrast these two contemporary sites, situated in very different landscapes, but both within the Latin American, British colonial-industrial complex.
Calibration and uncertainty analysis of a fixed-bed adsorption model for CO2 separation

Fixed-bed adsorption is widely used in industrial gas separation and is the primary method for atmosphere revitalization in space. This paper analyzes the uncertainty of a one-dimensional, fixed-bed adsorption model due to uncertainty in several model inputs, namely, the linear-driving-force (LDF) mass transfer coefficient, axial dispersion, heat transfer coefficients, and adsorbent properties. The input parameter uncertainties are determined from a comprehensive survey of experimental data in the literature. The model is first calibrated against experimental data from intra-bed centerline concentration measurements to find the LDF coefficient. We then use this LDF coefficient to extract axial dispersion coefficients from mixed, downstream concentration measurements for both a small-diameter bed (dominated by wall-channeling) and a large-diameter bed (dominated by pellet-driven dispersion). The predicted effluent concentration and temperature profiles are most strongly affected by uncertainty in LDF coefficient, adsorbent density, and void fraction. The uncertainty analysis further reveals that ignoring the effect of wall-channeling on apparent axial dispersion can cause significant error in the predicted breakthrough times of small-diameter beds.
Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: Educational Interventions for Parents of Hospitalized Children.

Background Targeted education to help parents and caregivers recognize the signs and symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome may increase their awareness and willingness to seek support during their child's admission. The optimal strategy for this education has not been established. Methods A pilot study to test 3 educational strategies for caregivers of pediatric intensive care unit patients. The 3 strategies were compared using the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model framework for effectiveness of the education, the effect of each educational intervention on the intensive care unit nursing environment, and costs. Nursing responses were scored on a 3-point Likert scale. Results A total of 62 caregivers randomly received 1 of 3 educational strategies: brochures (n = 22), scripted conversation (n = 20), or a 3-minute video (n = 20). All 3 strategies were associated with a notable improvement in understanding of post-intensive care syndrome, with no single strategy being superior. Nineteen bedside nurses completed a survey on how daily workflow was affected and education was perceived. The survey indicated that all 3 interventions minimally disrupted workflow and all were recognized as useful. Final analysis indicated that brochures have the greatest likelihood of successful and sustainable implementation in the study hospital. Conclusion Simple, low-cost education can improve caregivers' knowledge of post-intensive care syndrome and can be well supported by nursing staff. To ensure sustainable implementation, the characteristics of the unit should be considered when selecting an educational program.
Organic mulch can increase the survival of a weed biological control agent during laboratory mass rearing

ABSTRACTMass rearing agent organisms is a critical component to classical biological control programmes. Maximising survival of each life stage necessitates that ideal, stage-specific conditions ar...
New Options in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

To describe the current literature pertaining to the evaluation and management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Newer diagnostic modalities, such as drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and cine MRI, may be utilized to determine anatomic locations of upper airway obstruction contributing to OSA. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments have been studied as primary therapy for OSA or as adjuvant therapy for residual disease after adenotonsillectomy. Surgical therapy for persistent moderate to severe OSA following adenotonsillectomy may be considered for patients who are intolerant of or noncompliant with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and tailored to pertinent anatomic sites of upper airway obstruction. The current body of literature emphasizes evaluation and management for children with recurrent or persistent OSA after adenotonsillectomy. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of various pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and surgical therapies.
When a Merperson is a Merman

Currently, to support gender inclusive codepoints (for example, gender inclusive can be defined as male/female to an equal degree, can neither be confidently identified as male/female, etc.) all major platforms default to a male or a female design. So, if someone were to send a text to their friend from a Microsoft device, “Love a good mansplain 1F925” their friend, if reading from an iPhone will see, “Love a good mansplain 1F926” even though both of these emojis map to U+1F926. This creates all kinds of cross platform inconsistencies and in some cases reinforces stereotypes.1
Falls screening, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment

Falls are prevalent in older people and frequently have serious consequences including injury, hospitalization, reduced mobility and independence, and increased health-care costs. A broad range of risk factors predispose older adults to falling, including underlying medical conditions, balance and gait instability, polypharmacy, and environmental hazards. A multifactorial fall risk assessment including fall history, physical exam, gait and balance evaluation, and environmental assessment is recommended for all older adults who present for medical evaluation with a fall or with balance and gait problems. Evidence-based fall risk screening tools are available for community, hospital, and long-term care facilities to aid in fall risk evaluations. Single intervention strategies to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults include exercise (including balance and gait training), medication management, vitamin D supplementation, expedited cataract surgery, cardiovascular interventions, and environmental and safety precautions. Multifactorial interventions and programs including several strategies tailored to individual fall risk assessments are most effective in preventing falls in high-risk patients living in the community and long-term care settings.
Sustained adenosine exposure causes endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction via equilibrative nucleoside transporters.

Adenosine is a potent signaling molecule that has paradoxical effects on lung diseases. We have previously demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure by inhibition of adenosine degradation impa...
Reduction in Ocular Complement Factor B Protein in Mice and Monkeys by Systemic Administration of Factor B Antisense Oligonucleotide

Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of permanent vision loss among the elderly in many industrialized countries, and the complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Inhibition of complement factor B, a key regulator of the alternative pathway, is implicated as a potential therapeutic intervention for AMD. Here we investigated the effect of liver factor B reduction on systemic and ocular factor B levels. Methods Second-generation antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting mouse and monkey factor B mRNA were administered by subcutaneous injection to healthy mice or monkeys, and the level of factor B mRNA was assessed in the liver and the eye. In addition, the factor B protein level was determined in plasma and whole eyes from the treated animals. Results Mice and monkeys treated with factor B ASOs demonstrated a robust reduction in liver factor B mRNA levels with no change in ocular factor B mRNA levels. Plasma factor B protein levels were significantly reduced in mice and monkeys treated with factor B ASOs, leading to a dramatic reduction in ocular factor B protein, below the assay detection levels. Conclusions The results add to the increasing evidence that the liver is the main source of plasma and ocular factor B protein, and demonstrate that reduction of liver factor B mRNA by an ASO results in a significant reduction in plasma and ocular factor B protein levels. The results suggest that inhibition of liver factor B mRNA by factor B ASOs would reduce systemic alternative complement pathway activation and has potential to be used as a novel therapy for AMD.
Sustainable development principles in U.S. sport management graduate programs

This study assesses the engagement of academic programs in sport management with global problems by using the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals as a proxy measure of these problems, and...
Report of a Child With Febrile Status Epilepticus and Post-COVID Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome

Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a post infectious inflammatory syndrome following COVID infection. Previous case series have demonstrated that CNS involvement is less common and presents heterogeneously. The following case describes an infant with an initial presentation of refractory febrile status epilepticus. Genetic testing later showed multiple variants of uncertain significance. The patient met clinical criteria for MIS-C and had a markedly abnormal brain MRI with bilateral diffuse restricted diffusion (anterior > posterior). Clinically, the patient improved with pulse steroids and IVIg. This case highlights the importance of maintaining MIS-C in the differential as a trigger of Febrile Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) with multi-organ involvement presenting 2-4 weeks after infectious symptoms and COVID exposure.
Positive Contact with Feminist Women as a Predictor of Feminist Solidarity, Gender Privilege Awareness, and Public and Domestic Support for Gender Equality in Straight Men

Men can play an important role in supporting gender equality. In the present research, we draw on Intergroup Contact Theory to examine positive intergroup contact with feminist women as one factor that can encourage men to support gender equality. In one cross-sectional study (N = 170) and one half-longitudinal panel study (N = 240), we found that straight men who reported more positive contact with feminist women also reported greater feminist solidarity. Cross-sectional results indicated that straight men’s solidarity with feminists, in turn, predicted more support for gender equality in public and domestic spheres and greater awareness of their gender privilege. The longitudinal results also supported the association between solidarity with feminists and gender privilege awareness, but not public and domestic support for gender equality. Decades of research has shown that positive intergroup contact can change attitudes. Our research suggests that, when it comes to gender equality, positive contact with feminist women may also encourage men to identify with feminists and raise their gender consciousness.
Mathematical Analysis of a Nonlinear Model for Hybrid Filtering in the Cochlea

It has been established over the past decade that intact outer hair cells (ORC) are responsible for the sensitive tips of cochlear tuning curves (reviews by Davis, 1983; Kim, 1986; Kiang et a!., 1986; Dallos, 1988; Hudspeth, 1989). The most common view is that the ORCs do not add a distinct filter system, but modify the passive hydromechanical response of the cochlea to provide a single enhanced system (Neely and Kim, 1983; Geisler, 1986; Zwicker, 1986). The hypothesis of two distinct filter systems, however, provides straightforward accounts (Goldstein, 1990) for strong suppression of CF responses by lower frequency stimuli (Abbas and Sachs, 1976; Duifhuis, 1980; Costalupes et al., 1987), and for simple-tone interference phenomena (Kiang and Moxon, 1972; Gifford and Guinan, 1983; Liberman and Kiang, 1984). Recent observations by Brundin et a!. (1989) of mechanical tuning by isolated OHCs support the view that the ORCs operate as distinct electromechanical filters. We arc developing a hybrid filter model that quantitatively represents the nonlinear mechanical response of the basilar membrane at each place in terms of two nonlinearly interacting bandpass nonlinearity (BPNL) filters (Goldstein, 1989, 1990). This work revives and provides a new perspective on the significance of earlier work in modeling cochlear nonlinear responses as BPNL signal processing (Goldstein, 1967; Engebretson and Eldredge, 1968; Schroeder, 1969; Pfeiffer, 1970; Sachs, 1975; Duifhuis, 1976, 1980; Johnstone, 1980; Geisler, 1985). Earlier questions on the physical basis of BPNL response characteristics are now answered by extensive experimental evidence that nonlinear mechanical response of the basilar membrane is responsible for cochlear frequency tuning and is the major source of extracochlear nonlinear phenomena (Rhode, 1971; Sellick et al., 1982; Patuzzi et al., 1984; Robles et al., 1986, 1989). Both analytic and computational methods are useful for developing the multiple-BPNL (MBPNL) model of basilar-membrane hybrid response. The computational method provides the detailed model responses required to establish the model’s ability to account for complex experimental data (Goldstein, 1990). The analytic method provides insight on the global properties of the model and guides the detailed studies (Duifhuis, 1976; Goldstein, 1989). In this paper we present a basic perturbation analysis of the MBPNL model, and highlight several issues.
Live Donor Transplantation

Increasing interest in live donor kidney transplantation has stemmed from the many advantages of live donation including minimizing exposure to dialysis, excellent allograft and donor outcomes, as well as improvement in surgical technique. Recent literature has demonstrated a trend towards an increase in live donor kidney donations over the past 5 decades (Am J Transplant 13(2):390–398, 2013). Balancing this selfless act of donation with the clinical benefit rendered to the recipient requires a complete and thorough evaluation of potential candidates for kidney donation live donation imparts an operation that is not necessary. The evaluation of these donors should ideally minimize morbidity and mortality while at the same time maximize the quality of life for both the recipient and the donor.
The impact of the Cancer Genome Atlas on lung cancer

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has profiled more than 10,000 samples derived from 33 types of cancer to date, with the goal of improving our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and advancing our ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer. This review focuses on lung cancer as it is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide in both men and women. Particularly, non-small cell lung cancers (including lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma) were evaluated. Our goal was to demonstrate the impact of TCGA on lung cancer research under 4 themes: diagnostic markers, disease progression markers, novel therapeutic targets, and novel tools. Examples are given related to DNA mutation, copy number variation, messenger RNA, and microRNA expression along with methylation profiling.
The influence of aspirin on the course of induced midtrimester abortion

Abstract Prostaglandins appear to mediate the uterine contractions of abortion and labor, and aspirin has been shown to be an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, and randomized study, aspirin was administered orally in doses of 600 mg. every 6 hours to patients undergoing induced midtrimester abortions with hyperosmolar urea and oxytocin augmentation. The mean injection-abortion interval was significantly prolonged by aspirin in nulliparous patients (aspirin 32.3 ± 3.3 hr. vs. placebo 21.5 ± 3.5 hr.) and no aspirin-treated nullipara aborted in less than 18 hours. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in the mean injection-abortion interval in the multiparous patients at the dose of aspirin used. The effectiveness of aspirin in the prolongation of the injection-abortion interval has potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of premature labor.
Disruption load calculations using ANSYS transient electromagnetic simulations for the Alcator C-Mod antennas

ANSYS has been used to compute eddy current loads in C-Mod antenna components due to a disruption. The antennas are on the outboard mid-plane, away from the direct involvement with halo currents, which characterize loading in the inner divertor and wall. Only inductively driven currents are computed. A rather complex but manageable electromagnetic model is used. Three of the antennas used in C-Mod were analyzed, Lower Hybrid, ICRH, and MHD antennas. The goal of these simulations was principally to quantify upper bound disruption loads.
Characterization of the major structural proteins of purified bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was concentrated and purified by a combination of ultrafiltration, hydroextraction using polyethylene glycol and affinity chromatography. A lectin fromCrotalaria juncea that has an affinity for galactose was used in the affinity chromatography. Virions of BVDV with classic envelopes were observed by electron microscopy. Four major proteins with estimated molecular weights of 75,000, 66,000, 54,000, and 26,000 were identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis slab gels. The proteins of 75,000 and 54,000 were glycoproteins as shown by staining with dansyl hydrazine.
Malignant lipid cell tumor of the ovary: clinical, biochemical and etiologic considerations.

ABSTRACT We have studied a patient with metastatic lipid cell tumor of the ovary. The tumor was responsive to HCG but not ACTH. Predominant urinary steroids were androsterone, etiocholanolone, pregnanetriol and pregnenetriol. Plasma levels of androstenedione, testosterone, 17–hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone were increased. Most of the plasma testosterone (0.3 μg/100 ml) originated from plasma androstenedione (3 7mu;g/100 ml). From the pattern of blood and urine steroids we concluded that the important secretory product of the tumor was androstenedione. The question of the origin of this tumor was considered on the basis of its biosynthetic capacities and from a critical review of the literature. Despite many earlier statements, we conclude that this tumor has not caused Cushing's syndrome and that our studies and previous ones suggest that the origin of the tumor is the ovarian stromal cell.
URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANDIOL COMPLEX BY MALES I. FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF PROGESTERONE1

STUDIES by Venning and Browne (I) and by members of our group (2) have indicated that a number of factors is associated with the metabolism of endogenous progestin and its ultimate excretion as sodium pregnandiol glucuronide; an important one of these apparently is the functional adequacy of the endometrium (2). Furthermore, members of our group (2, 3) and Stover and Pratt (4) have reported that, in the case of the female, exogenous progesterone, when given intramuscularly in oily solution, apparently is not metabolised into the-pregnandiol complex to any significant degree. It has been suggested that this might be the cause of the poor endometriotropic responses commonly observed followingthis form of therapy in patients with estrogenic bleeding. In view of these gynecologic findings, it seemed advisable to investigate the metabolism of exogenous progesterone by healthy males. While these studies of ours were under way, the observations of Buxton and Westphal (5) were reported.
Inactivation of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase by malonyl CoA

Abstract Chicken liver fatty acid synthetase is inactivated by malonyl CoA. The rate and extent of inactivation depends upon the ratio of concentration of malonyl CoA to enzyme rather than the absolute concentrations. The rate of inactivation is enhanced by acetyl CoA but is slowed down by NADP+. Inactivation does not result in the dissociation of enzyme complex and is complete when 6–7 moles of malonyl group are covalently bound per mole of the enzyme.
Stress and the practice of medicine— The myth and reality☆

The nature of stress is reviewed in its role of producing physical illness and mental maladaptations with an emphasis on physician's morbidity from both. A review of existing studies indicates that physicians compare favorably with the general population in mortality from physical illness but unfavorably with regard to mental illness, notably the affective, suicide and addiction. The definition of illness is examined with relation to stress, physical and psychosocial. It is accepted that disease presupposes the existence of special vulnerability. In mental illness, however, the vulnerability stems from inner sources. In the doctor this consists of a neuroticism originating in the fear of death which has motivated him to become a physician in the first place. A study of the writer supports these theoretical assumptions. It is proposed that the neuroticism thus created facilitates various degrees of maladaptive patterns. It is, however, also a direct effect of negative personality features created by it in the first place. Stress of medical practice does influence the emotional adjustment but does not seem to exert a greater negative influence on the physical health of doctors than does stress encountered in other occupations. This may be due to the better car physicians are able to secure for themselves.