cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Dangerous to Discharged: An Application of Social-Learning-Based Procedures in an Acute Hospital Setting:

Psychiatric inpatients who demonstrate persistent aggressive behavior present unique treatment planning and placement challenges. This article presents the case of a severely Veteran who demonstrated high levels of aggressive behavior as well as persistent adaptive behavior deficits. A comprehensive Treatment Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan (TRRP) based on Social-Learning Program procedures resulted in rapid improvements in recovery-related outcomes and discharge within 31 days of TRRP initiation. This intervention significantly reduced maladaptive behavior and increased treatment participation.These improvements were unrelated to pharmacotherapy changes during the hospitalization. Following discharge, a re-emergence of problematic behaviors in a community placement resulted in a more restrictive rehospitalization. The absence of TRRP implementation at this placement likely contributed to the re-emergence of problem behavior. This case illustrates the importance of implementing evidence-based psychosocia...
Observation and correction of resonance stopbands in the AGS Booster

At the design intensity of 1.5/spl times/10/sup 13/ ppp, the space charge tune shift in the AGS Booster at injection has been estimated to be about 0.35. Therefore, the beam is spread over many lower order resonance lines and the stopbands have to be corrected to minimize the amplitude growth by proper compensation of the driving harmonics resulting from random errors. The observation and correction of second and third order resonance stopbands in the AGS Booster, and the establishment of a favorable operating point at high intensity are discussed. >
Ergonomic evaluation of ten single-channel pipettes

Repetitive pipetting is a task that is associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and arm. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability and ergonomic performance of commercially available pipettes as determined by user ratings and objective measurements. Participants: ParticipantswerelaboratorytechniciansandscientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratorywithexperience performing pipetting tasks. Methods: Twenty-one experienced pipette users completed a standardized pipetting task with 5 manual and 5 electronic pipettes. After using each pipette, the user rated it for attributes of comfort and usability. Results: Although no single pipette was rated significantly better than all of the others for every attribute tested, some significant differences were found between pipettes. The Rainin Pipet-Litereceived the highest overall quality score among manual pipettes, while the Thermo Scientific Finnpipette Novus was the top-ranked electronic pipette. Features correlated with greater hand and arm comfort were lower tip ejection force, lower blowout force, and pipette balance in the hand. Conclusions :T hefindings, when considered with participant comments, provide insights into desirable pipette features and emphasize the value of user testing and the importance of the interactions between task, workplace layout, and pipette design.
Symbol and Substance: Effects of California's Three Strikes Law on Felony Sentencing

California’s “three strikes and you’re out” law is the most notorious example of the wave of mandatory sentencing policies that many states enacted beginning in the late 1970s. While advocates and critics predicted the law would have profound effects on aggregate punishment trends and individual case outcomes, Feeley and Kamin’s analysis of previous sentencing reforms suggested the law’s impact would be mainly symbolic because local officials would ignore, subvert, or nullify its major provisions. While aggregate analyses have tended to confirm this argument, so far there has been no systematic test of the law’s effect on individual cases. This analysis uses multilevel models applied to case-level data from 12 urban California counties to test hypotheses about shifts in average punitiveness, the relative influence of legal and extralegal factors on sentencing, and the uncertainty of sentencing outcomes. Results mostly support Feeley and Kamin’s symbolic interpretation, but also reveal important substantive impacts: since Three Strikes, sentences have become harsher, particularly in politically conservative counties, and black felons receive longer prison sentences. California’s “three strikes and you’re out” law, enacted in 1994, is the most notorious example of the wave of mandatory sentencing reforms that swept the United States from the late 1970s through the ‘90 s. The law’s notoriety is not due to its originality. Washington state passed the first Three Strikes law the year before, and nine other states passed their own laws the same year as California (Austin et al. 1999). Moreover California’s law was not qualitatively different from the state’s existing mandatory sentencing policy, nor from the habitual offender statutes that had long existed in almost all states. The new law’s notoriety arose from two sources. One was its significance as an exemplar of penal populism. The measure originated as a ballot initiative, and the Three Strikes movement exploited two recent and particularly cruel murders, both committed by repeat felons, to stampede the media, voters, and state
VisPad: a novel device for vibrotactile force feedback

VisPad is a new haptics design for visualizing data, constructed from commodity massage chair pads with custom controllers and interfaces to a computer. It is an output device for information transmitted to a user who sits on the pad. The user interface is unique in that it has a large feedback area and is passive in nature, where unlike most current haptics devices, the user's hands are free to work on other things. VisPad can be used as the sole haptics device or can be used in conjunction with other haptics devices. We have tested the usefulness of VisPad in visualizing data by adding the VisPad interface to our protein structure-alignment program (ProtAlign) and performing usability studies. The data demonstrates that more information can be perceived at one time with our multi-modal presentation than with graphics-based visualization alone.
Monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic reactivities against human gliomas

✓ Monoclonal antibodies (MAb's) reactive with human malignant glioma cells were derived from mice inoculated with cells from fresh glioma tissue. Seven MAb's were selected for study based on their high-level binding in immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence assay to most of the glioma tissues derived from various patients and based on the absence of binding to normal bone marrow cells. Four of the seven MAb's did not bind to any of the four normal brain tissues tested, whereas three MAb's bound to one or two of these tissues. Two MAb's bound to the surfaces of cultured glioma cells in radioimmunoassay. One of these MAb's (AS-AY1, immunoglobulin (Ig)G1) lysed cultured glioma cells with human lymphocytes or murine macrophages as effector cells; the other MAb (AS-AY2, IgM) was reactive in complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. These two MAb's therefore seem especially promising reagents in approaches to immunotherapy of human malignant glioma.
Real-time holding control for high-frequency transit with dynamics

Abstract Operations control is an important means of improving service quality for high-frequency transit. Past research on real-time control has focused on developing and evaluating the effectiveness of different control strategies, largely relying on running times and demand which are assumed to be static. We formulate a mathematical model for holding control optimization that reflects dynamic running times and demand. The model can be used to produce a plan of holding times that accounts not only for the current state of the system, but also for expected changes in running times and demand. We evaluate the effectiveness of the model within a simulation environment. The results show that control based on dynamic inputs outperforms its static equivalent in high demand cases where passengers can be left behind at stops, and to a lesser extent in low to moderate demand cases with time-varying running times.
Using climate change scenarios to evaluate future effectiveness of potential wetlands in mitigating high flows in a Midwestern U.S. watershed

Abstract The Midwestern United States have seen increased flooding and droughts from climate change, urban development, deforestation, and wetlands removal. Adding new wetlands in the landscape have been proposed as a conservation strategy, especially in tile-drained agricultural watersheds, to increase upland storage of runoff and reduce peak flows. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term performance of a set of potential wetlands identified in the Eagle Creek Watershed in central Indiana, U.S., to reduce a range of high flows estimated from future climate scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was forced with bias-corrected climate projections from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program to evaluate the impacts of climate change on watershed hydrology and peak flows. The ensemble of climate projections predicted both increase and decrease in magnitudes of the 5% exceedance flow from the past (1971–2000) to the future (2041–2070) time period. However, the model predicted that if the potential wetlands existed in these time periods then the magnitude of the 5% exceedance flow would be reduced by approximately 0.5–1.5 m 3 /s across all climate projections and for both the past and future periods. These identified potential wetlands, which occupied only approximately 1.5% of the watershed area but received runoff from approximately 29% of the watershed area, were also found to reduce peak flows by up to 20–60 m 3 /s (i.e., 15–20% of the reference peak flows for a watershed without these wetlands). The wetlands were also found to decrease the frequency of high peak flows. Wetlands proved to be a robust solution for peak flow reduction, producing consistent reductions from the past to future time periods and across all climate projections. The methodology used in this study to incorporate climate change into hydrologic models to evaluate conservation practices could also be applied to other watersheds and other conservation practices for better long-term watershed management decisions.
Intraoperative use of ultrasound

During the past decade, explosive developments in the field of diagnostic ultrasound have occurred. Numerous investigators have recommended the use of some form of this technology to assess the anatomical, technical and haemodynamic adequacy of vascular reconstructions during operation. Currently available alternatives include continuous wave Doppler monitoring, pulsed-wave Doppler spectral analysis, ultrasonic B-mode imaging, duplex ultrasonography and, most recently, colour flow imaging.
Is morphine augmented HIDA scan still accurate for diagnosing acute cholecystitis in the era of CT and U/S? Can reporting be improved?

43 Objectives When a morphine augmented HIDA scan (MAHIDA) is requested today, as opposed to 20 years ago, it is likely that that other prior performed imaging and clinical tests are negative or equivocal. Therefore the clinical prevalence of acute cholecystitis in these cases is much lower than when this test was first introduced and evaluated. Therefore there is a need to reevaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this test in this era and perhaps modify its interpretation. Methods After receiving IRB approval, retrospectively over a (3) year period at our institution all MAHIDA scans performed (150) were evaluated as towards their accuracy of diagnosing AC. During this period (64) males and (86) women with an average age of (57) were scanned. Inclusion criteria were: 1)Surgical pathology was used as a gold standard for the presence of AC in 87 cases. 2) If the patient did not go to surgery, follow up clinical examination, lab tests and/or imaging were used for inclusion/exclusion of AC. This is surmising that in the majority of cases AC will not resolve without surgical intervention or drainage. Results Of the (150) MAHIDA studies performed there were (32 (21%) ) TP, (67 (45%)) TN, (48 (32%)) FP, (3 (2%)) FN, with sensitivity of (91%) a specificity of (58%) a PPV of (40%) and NPV of (96%). Conclusions Taking into account the low accuracy and high potential for false positive results for MAHIDA due the lower disease prevalence today, in order to justify this study it is time to modify interpretation by incorporating all available imaging and clinical data in a similar fashion to the interpretation of a V/Q lung scan where X-ray and clinical findings affect the test results and reporting routinely
The Importance of Colostrum to the Health of the Neonatal Calf

Colostrum feeding is the means by which newborn calves acquire passive immunity to infectious agents. The ability of the newborn calf to absorb colostral antibodies is limited to the first few hours of life. In most cases, natural suckling from the dam is the best method for beef-breed calves to obtain optimum passive immune protection, but in some cases intervention and hand feeding are indicated. The details of when and how to intervene in the passive transfer process are discussed.
The Strategies of Environmental Auditing in Heilongjiang Province State Farms

Environmental auditing originates from the theory and practice of sustainable development.In terms of applying conditions,fundamental theory and methods,it remains the trial stage,though;the paper dicusses it from such aspects as establishment,definition,progressing and innovation,etc.
Serotype of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Isolated from Food-Poisoning Patients and Aquatic Products in Guangdong Province in 2006—2008

Objective To research the serotype distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food-poisoning patients and aquatic products in 2006-2008 in Guangdong Province.Method Slide serum agglutination test was used to detect the serotype of 279 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from food-poisoning patients and aquatic products.These strains were collected and isolated under the instruction of Guangdong Surveillance network on food borne diseases and food contamination from the regions covering western Guangdong,northern Guangdong,eastern Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta areas,including 176 food-poisoning isolates and 103 aquatic products isolates.Results In(279 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus collected in 2006-2008,15 serotypes were identified for 168 of 176 strains isolated from food-poisoning patients,the total typing-rate was 95.45%,and the main serotype was O3:K6,accounting for 73.30%(129/176);In 103 isolates of aquatic products,40 serotype in 57 strains were typed,mainly centralized on seven serum groups:O1,O2,O3,O4,O5,O10,011,with no popular type,and the total typing-rate was 55.34%.Conclusion The main serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from food-poisoning strains in Guangdong Province was O3:K6,the regional difference was not significant.The serotype of isolates from aquatic products was diversity,and they were different from the serotype of food poisoning strains.
Development of new generation reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steels for advanced fusion reactors

Abstract International development of reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels has focused on 9 wt percentage Cr, which primarily contain M23C6 (M = Cr-rich) and small amounts of MX (M = Ta/V, X = C/N) precipitates, not adequate to maintain strength and creep resistance above ∼500 °C. To enable applications at higher temperatures for better thermal efficiency of fusion reactors, computational alloy thermodynamics coupled with strength modeling have been employed to explore a new generation RAFM steels. The new alloys are designed to significantly increase the amount of MX nanoprecipitates, which are manufacturable through standard and scalable industrial steelmaking methods. Preliminary experimental results of the developed new alloys demonstrated noticeably increased amount of MX, favoring significantly improved strength, creep resistance, and Charpy impact toughness as compared to current RAFM steels. The strength and creep resistance were comparable or approaching to the lower bound of, but impact toughness was noticeably superior to 9–20Cr oxide dispersion-strengthened ferritic alloys.
Adult expectations and learning disorders.

The expectations of adults—whether they be parents, teachers or physician—may constitute an important factor in the development, amelioration, and exacerbation of learning problems. While expectations themselves do not affect the child, the behaviors to which expectations may lead will help determine the ways in which adults in the environment react to the child’s behavior.
Heat transfer to wetting and non-wetting liquid droplets deposited onto a heated microgroove surface

Evaporation of liquid droplets on a heated substrate is an important process in numerous engineering applications, during which the energy transport is dependent upon, among many others, the liquid/substrate wetting characteristics. In this work, transient heat transfer to a liquid droplet deposited on a heated metallic surface with multiple parallel microgrooves were experimentally investigated from distributed temperature measurements underneath the microgrooves. The initial heat conduction following deposition of a liquid droplet causes a sharp decease in the substrate temperature, during which a fleeting but notable temperature plateau for both cases of alcohol and water droplets is likely attributed to a thin layer of vapor formed in between the droplet and the substrate. Depending on the wetting characteristics, the transient heat transfer process is drastically different for the cases of alcohol and water. Deposition of an alcohol droplet is followed by the droplet instantaneous spreading on the microgroove fins and liquid penetration into the microgrooves, leading to continued temperature decrease in the substrate as a result of formation and evaporation of liquid thin films. It takes only nearly half a second for complete evaporation of the deposited alcohol, at which the substrate reaches its lowest temperature in the process. As a water droplet is deposited, it takes about 7 minutes for its complete evaporation, during which the substrate temperature experiences four distinct stages corresponding to evolution of the water droplet on the substrate. The results in this work provide insights into the fundamental physics of heat transfer during evaporation of liquid droplets with different liquid/substrate wetting characteristics.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose and Schedule-Finding Study of AMG 531 In Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia (CIT): Results of a Phase I/II Study.

Abstract Abstract 1544 AMG 531 is a peptibody that increases platelet production by stimulating thrombopoietin (TPO) receptors. Prior studies (Vadhan-Raj et al, JCO 2003) have shown the importance of schedule of recombinant TPO to overcome thrombocytopenia (TCP) caused by high dose chemotherapy (CT). RHyper-CVAD alternating with RArac-MTX is a highly effective regimen in the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), including Mantle-cell lymphoma, with severe TCP as dose-limiting toxicity (86% grade 4 TCP in cycle-2). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical safety and preliminary efficacy of AMG 531 in CIT. Cohorts of 12 evaluable patients were enrolled sequentially at each of the 3 dose levels (1, 3, or 10 mcg/kg). Patients at each dose level were randomized 1:1 into Arm A (pre/post dosing) or Arm B (post-dosing only). All pts received CT alone in cycle-1. In cycle-2, all pts received blinded study drug (2:1 AMG 531 or placebo). The study drug was administered SC as 2 doses given on days -5 and 5 (pre and post doses-Arm A), or on days 5 and 7 (only post-chemotherapy doses-Arm B). In subsequent cycles of CT (maximum total 6 cycles), all pts, including placebo group, received open-label AMG 531 by the same schedule. Of the 50 pts enrolled, 41 received at least one dose of AMG 531 and are evaluable for toxicity and 36 received the treatment with the study drug as per protocol and are evaluable for response. Treatment with AMG 531 was generally well tolerated, with some pts experiencing mild to moderate headache, myalgia, bone pain, and thrombocytosis and venous thromboembolism [4 pts; 2 deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and 2 pulmonary embolism (PE); both at 10 mcg/kg]. Four of the 9 pts who did not receive the study drug also experienced DVT (3 pts) or PE (1 pt). The platelet nadir was significantly higher and the duration of TCP was shorter, with a reduced need for the PLT transfusions on Arm A (pre and post-dosing) compared to placebo as shown in the table below. There was reduced TCP on Arm B (post-dosing) as compared to placebo, but not statistically significant. There were also fewer patients with bleeding episodes (all grades) on Arm A vs placebo (1/12 pts vs 6/12 pts, p = 0.07, Fisher's exact test) in the blinded-cycle. Using general-linear model, there was a difference in schedule (p=0.0466) and difference in doses (p=0.0162) on duration of TCP, and the lower doses (1 or 3 mcg/kg) appeared to have a better biologic activity than higher dose (10mcg/kg) as compared to the placebo. Conclusions: AMG 531 was generally well tolerated and significantly reduced severe thrombocytopenia when administered both before and after (pre and post dosing) CT in NHL pts. Future larger studies are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of AMG 531 in CIT. Disclosures: Vadhan-Raj: Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Off Label Use: AMG 531 (Romiplostim) for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Shifting Paradigms Starting with Self

In this article, a practicing teacher and doctoral student reflects on her attitudes about variations of English and how those attitudes influenced the relationships she had with past students. She also discusses how interactions with those students caused her attitudes to shift and change while giving advice to current classroom teachers.
The effect of sevoflurane compared to propofol maintenance on post-surgical quality of recovery in patients undergoing an ambulatory gynecological surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled, clinical trial

Abstract Objective The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effect of propofol used as anesthetic maintenance compared to sevoflurane on global post-surgical quality of recovery in female patients undergoing ambulatory gynecological surgery. Design The study was a prospective randomized double blinded, controlled, clinical trial. Interventions Healthy female subjects were randomized to receive propofol or sevoflurane as anesthetic maintenance. Measurements The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery 40 (QOR-40) questionnaire at 24h after surgery. Other data collected included opioid consumption, pain scores and time to hospital discharge. P Main results Ninety subjects were randomized and sixty seven completed the study. Patient's baseline characteristics and surgical factors were not different between study groups. There was not a clinically significant difference in the global QoR-40 scores between the sevoflurane and the propofol groups, median (IQR) of 175 (163 to 181) and 176 (163 to 184), respectively, P =0.97. There was an inverse relationship (ρ=−0.42) between the opioid consumption in PACU (IV morphine equivalents) and 24h postoperative quality of recovery ( P P Conclusions Our current results do not support the use of total intravenous anesthesia as an efficacious strategy to improve global quality of recovery after ambulatory surgery. Opioid consumption in the PACU is an earlier surrogate that can be utilized to identify ambulatory patients with a high likelihood to develop poor global quality of recovery and who may benefit from more efficacious strategies to improve global quality of recovery. Trial registration : ClinicalTrial.gov; url: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; registration identified: NCT 01755234.
Development of a Risk Assessment Tool for Falls Prevention in Hospital Inpatients Based on the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) and Modified Beer's Criteria

Medication review is an essential component of comprehensive falls assessment. A medication review by pharmacists can assist to identify and notify prescribers of medications that require adjustment or discontinuation. Beers Criteria and the Medication Assessment Index (MAI) are explicit and implicit inappropriate prescribing (IP) tools, respectively. While the Beers Criteria has been applied to falls prevention, the MAI has not. Developing alternative falls prevention tools has been spurned by both the desire to overcome limitations of the Beers Criteria, coupled with the need for implicit criteria which includes consideration for patient – specific clinical judgement. A literature search and review of the Beers Criteria and MAI tools revealed advantages and disadvantages of each. Using combined explicit/implicit falls assessment criteria using both the Beers Criteria and MAI as a framework, a falls specific inappropriate prescribing (FASPIP) tool for use in elderly hospitalized patients was developed. Validation of the FASPIP in the clinical setting is needed.
The relationship between behavioural integrity, competence, goodwill, trustworthiness, and motivating language of a principal

Utilising the oral language of a principal leading an inner-city at-risk elementary school in a large urban school district in the southwestern USA, the researchers tested behavioural integrity and...
Quantifying the contribution of zoos and aquariums to peer-reviewed scientific research

Modern zoos and aquariums aspire to contribute significantly to biodiversity conservation and research. For example, conservation research is a key accreditation criterion of the Association of Zoo...
Using Twitter to More Actively Engage Students in the Learning Process

I received an internal grant from the College of Business, University of Nevada-Las Vegas to conduct a Twitter experiment in my large Principles of Microeconomics class (177 students) during the Fall Semester of 2010 and in my large Principles of Macroeconomics class (145 students) during the Spring Semester of 2011. The purpose of the Twitter experiment was to enhance student engagement in the classroom and to improve their grades. The Twitter experiment was made voluntary and students who participated in it received three extra credit points at the end of each semester. The level of student engagement increased substantially with Twitter usage but the effect of Twitter on student grades was mixed.
“The MICU Is Full”: One Hospital’s Experience with an Overflow Triage Policy

Article-at-a-Glance Background Coronary care units (CCUs) are designed and staffed to care for patients with cardiovascular disease, while medical intensive care units (MICUs) are specially organized and staffed for the care of patients with noncardiovascular critical illness. Because the demand for MICU beds often exceeds their availability, patients in need of critical care often experience delays in admission and transfer to such specialized units, which may result in preventable harm. In response to this challenge, during times of MICU bed nonavailability Jacobi Medical Center (Bronx, New York) activates a policy whereby patients with noncardiovascular critical illness are admitted to a cardiology-staffed CCU for critical care to be delivered in a timely manner. A study was conducted to determine the impact of this novel overflow policy on patient outcomes and patient safety metrics. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all 1,104 patients discharged from the CCU with a noncardiovascular primary diagnosis between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2009. Patient demographics, overall hospital length of stay (LOS,) ICU LOS, in-hospital mortality, 30-day hospital readmission status, and severity of illness were compared with a reference cohort of 2,041 patients who were discharged from the MICU during the same period. Results The severity-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate, 30-day readmission rate, ICU LOS, overall LOS, and patient safety outcomes for the CCU cohort were similar to those of the MICU cohort. Conclusions A policy that directed critically ill patients to a CCU instead of an MICU during times of bed nonavailability appeared to be a safe practice. With careful planning, CCU bed resources might be an acceptable alternative for the delivery of critical care in an environment of constrained MICU bed access.
Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation of the Flow Past a Sphere

In this paper we report the development of accurate and efficient computer codes for the simulation of fundamental wake flows in unbounded domains, as well as the application of these codes to transitional and turbulent flows past spheres.
Land Use Planning as a Response to Market Failure

Public sector objectives in land use policy planning can be evaluated by comparing them with the various types of market failure. In general public policy corrects some instances of market failure, fails to correct others, and creates yet others. By using a market failure perspective government could greatly reduce negative externalities in the form of pollution and land use incompatabilities, inefficiencies in the provision of public services along with the attendant incentives for sprawl, as well as the costs inequities of achieving social objectives. These results would come from designing policies to take advantage of and enhance market processes rather than replacing markets with political process.
Das Quantifizierungsproblem bei der Technikbewertung

Bis zum Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts herrschte allgemein Ubereinstimmuiig zwischen den wichtigsten ethischen Grundsatzen im Kulturbereich und den Voraussetzungen, von denen die Verfasser okonomischer Schriften ausgingen. So spiegelte sichzum Beispiel in Adam Smith der Egoismus des 18. Jahrhunderts wider, wahrend Bentham sich im Rahmen des Utilitarismus des 19. Jahrhunderts bewegte. In letzter Zeit jedoch sind die Beruhrungspunkte zwischen ethischen und wirtschaftlichen Uberlegungen immer seltener geworden.1 Dies ist vielleicht darauf zuruckzufuhren, das die Wirtschaftslehre wenigstens teilweise in die ‘exakten’ Wissenschaften (im Sinne Comtes) eingegliedert wurde, wahrend die Philosophie nur im Schneckentempo in der Klarung, Erlauterung und Bewertung wichtiger sozialer Probleme fortgeschritten ist. Die Trennung zwischen Ethik und Wirtschaftslehre hat besonders auf dem Gebiet der Technikbewertung grose Schwierigkeiten mit sich gebracht. So ist es bezeichnend, das die Analysen vieler Techniker in erster Linie auf Berechnungen von Konstruktionskosten beruhen,2 die als vollig ‘wertneutral’, ‘objektiv’ und ‘atheoretisch’3 betrachtet werden.
Brightness theorems for nanophotonics

We present nanophotonic “brightness theorems”, a set of power-concentration bounds that generalize their ray-optical counterparts, and motivate the concept of “wave etendue”, We show their ramifications in the design of metasurfaces and waveguide combiners. © 2019 The Author(s)
Conclusions: Global Leadership of a Glocal Kind

Reaffirming the liberalist bent of the findings, as noted in the “Introduction” chapter, the volume’s “Conclusions” chapter also accents a strong realist challenge. Empirically finding the necessary pre-condition to global leadership being more domestic than the theoretically expounded “outside-in”, this chapter finds the realist heat strongest at the inner-most circle, the liberalist at the outer-most, and though contestation prevails in both these domains, they play each other off most robustly in the mid-stream circle. These address, and open up, infinite and dynamic transitions, illustrated particularly in the heavier role of nationalistic (or inside-out) against systemic (or outside-in) imperatives globally, utilizing mostly soft-power instruments presently than hard-power (though one of those transitions is from the former to the latter).
The Common Law Origins of Ex parte Young

Few doubt the significance of Ex parte Young as a cornerstone of modern constitutional litigation. But important recent scholarship has come to question the origins and legitimacy of the Ex parte Young proceeding, the primary mode by which individuals test the constitutionality of government action. Deploying a historically-inflected methodology that we call equitable originalism, scholars and jurists have sought to define federal equity power by reference to the forms of equitable intervention that were common in the English High Court of Chancery at the time judicial power was first conferred on the lower federal courts in 1789. Such investigations have led scholars and jurists to question the power of federal courts to grant affirmative Ex parte Young relief and to issue what have come to be known as national or universal injunctions. This Article explores the Ex parte Young action and the power of federal courts to issue affirmative constitutional remedies in its name. It shows that equity’s traditional reluctance to intervene in public law matters was driven by the primacy and perceived adequacy of the common law writs—mandamus, certiorari, and prohibition—as tools for the judicial oversight of the eighteenth century administrative state. Over time, however, courts in the United States came to view the common law writs as imperfect modes of oversight. Displaying its customary flexibility, equity adapted. Ex parte Young confirms a nineteenth century transition away from the common law writs and toward the equitable injunction as the primary mode of judicial control of administrative action. Equitable originalism could rule out such adaptation, returning equity to its private law eighteenth-century form and undermining modern constitutional remediation.
PCDH19-Related Epilepsy Syndrome: A Comprehensive Clinical Review

PCDH19-related epilepsy is a distinct childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome characterized by brief clusters of febrile and afebrile seizures with onset primarily before the age of three years, cognitive impairment, autistic traits, and behavioral abnormalities. PCDH19 gene is located in Xq22 and produces nonclustered delta protocadherin. This disorder primarily manifests in heterozygote females due to random X chromosome inactivation leading to somatic mosaicism and abnormal cellular interference between cells with and without delta-protocadherin. This article reviews the clinical features based on a comprehensive literature review (MEDLINE using PubMed and OvidSP vendors with appropriate keywords to incorporate recent evidence), personal practice, and experience. Significant progress has been made in the past 10 years, including identification of the gene responsible for the condition, characterization of clinical phenotypes, and development of animal models. More rigorous studies involving quality-of-life measures as well as standardized neuropsychiatric testing are necessary to understand the full spectrum of the disease. The recent discovery of allopregnanolone deficiency in patients with PCDH19-related epilepsy leads to opportunities in precision therapy. A phase 3 clinical study is currently active to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive ganaxolone (an allopregnanolone analog) therapy.
Transcriptional control by enhancers and enhancer RNAs

The regulation of gene expression is a fundamental cellular process and its misregulation is a key component of disease. Enhancers are one of the most salient regulatory elements in the genome and help orchestrate proper spatiotemporal gene expression during development, in homeostasis, and in response to signaling. Notably, molecular aberrations at enhancers, such as translocations and single nucleotide polymorphisms, are emerging as an important source of human variation and susceptibility to disease. Herein we discuss emerging paradigms addressing how genes are regulated by enhancers, common features of active enhancers, and how non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) can direct gene expression programs that underlie cellular phenotypes. We survey the current evidence, which suggests that eRNAs can bind to transcription factors, mediate enhancer-promoter interactions, influence RNA Pol II elongation, and act as decoys for repressive cofactors. Furthermore, we discuss current methodologies for the identification of eRNAs and novel approaches to elucidate their functions.
Antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection in 1997.

Abstract It has become clear that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome follows continuous replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a decrease in immune capability, most obviously a decline in the number of CD4 lymphocytes. An understanding of key elements in the infectious life cycle of HIV has led to the development of potent antiretroviral drugs selectively targeting unique reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes of the virus. Completed clinical trials have shown that antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, begun early, reduces viral replication and reverses the decline in CD4 lymphocyte numbers. Recent studies of combination therapies have shown that decreases in plasma HIV viremia to low levels and sustained increases in CD4 cell numbers are associated with longer survival. Potent combination regimens including protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors suppress detectable viral replication and have demonstrated clinical benefits in patients with advanced disease. Progress in antiretroviral therapy and methods to monitor responses to treatment are providing new hope in the treatment of HIV infection.
Predictive ability and reliability of the STOP-BANG questionnaire in screening for obstructive sleep apnea in midlife women.

Abstract Objectives The STOP-BANG questionnaire (snoring, tiredness, observed apneas, high blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck size, gender) was originally validated to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the surgical population. It has been validated in mixed populations of men and women. We aimed to evaluate its reliability for OSA screening of midlife women. Study design We retrospectively evaluated midlife women seen at the Women’s Health Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, who completed the STOP-BANG questionnaire and subsequently underwent diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) or home sleep apnea testing (HSAT). Main outcome measures The questionnaire’s predictive ability was assessed with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) measured at PSG and HSAT. Results Because participants were female, the gender question response was consistently 0, making the mean (SD) STOP-BANG score low at 3 (1.2). The most sensitive item to detect any OSA and moderate to severe OSA through STOP-BANG was observed apneas; the most specific item to detect OSA and moderate to severe OSA was neck circumference exceeding 40 cm. A score of 3 or more had a sensitivity of 77 % and a specificity of 45 % to detect moderate to severe OSA. The area under the curve with the STOP-BANG score to predict moderate to severe OSA was 0.67 (95 % CI, 0.51–0.84). Conclusions Interpretation of the STOP-BANG questionnaire is nuanced for midlife women. Given the nature of its questions, a lower score may be predictive of more severe OSA in women, necessitating use of a lower threshold to trigger further testing.
Intrinsic Markers Reveal Breeding Origin and Geographically-Structured Migration Timing of Two Songbird Species at a Coastal Stopover Site

We used stable hydrogen isotope markers to identify geographic provenance of Blackpoll Warblers (Setophaga striata) and Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) passing through a coastal stopover area in the Gulf of Maine on fall migration, and supplemented δ2 H signatures from feathers with wing length data as an additional proxy for migration origin, since geographic size variation has been documented for this species. We captured migrant blackpolls with putative origins from as close as the Adirondacks, New Brunswick, and northwestern Maine, and potentially as far as Alaska. We captured vireos with putative origins from as close as Maine and Nova Scotia, and potentially as far as British Columbia and Alberta. We found a significant relationship between blackpoll wing length and capture date indicating that birds with longer wings– and thus likely from more western and northern breeding regions – passed through the capture site earlier in the season than more local breeders. In contrast, vireos from more distant breeding latitudes passed through the capture site later in the season. These results demonstrate that mid-coast Maine serves as a catchment area for both Blackpoll Warblers, and Redeyed Vireos, and provides some evidence that connectivity between breeding areas and stopover sites may be strong for blackpolls; however, additional study linking breeding and stopover sites across the migratory range of both species is necessary to understand more fully how strong connectivity is between breeding and stopover areas for these species.
Pulmonary Imaging Findings of Vasculitis

The purpose of this article is to review the various pulmonary imaging findings that may be present in patients with various types of vasculitis. The review will also go over the potential clinical significance of the various findings. The majority of pulmonary findings related to vasculitis revolve around granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Additional etiologies are rare and mostly present as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage when small vessels are involved and aneurysms when medium and large vessels are involved. Pulmonary imaging findings related to vasculitis vary widely across etiologies. While many of these manifestations are rare, it is important to be familiar with them as they can cause severe complications.
Adjusting statistical benchmark risk analysis to account for non-spatial autocorrelation, with application to natural hazard risk assessment

We develop and study a quantitative, interdisciplinary strategy for conducting statistical risk analyses within the ‘benchmark risk’ paradigm of contemporary risk assessment when potential autocorr...
Good Psychiatric Management and Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Spectrum of Psychodynamically Informed Treatments

Good psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder (GPM) and transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) are evidence-supported treatments that may be used in a complementary, flexible manner to provide a spectrum of psychodynamically informed care. In this article, we provide overviews of TFP and GPM, describing GPM's eclectic approach that includes psychodynamically informed supportive psychotherapy, case management, and medication management, informed by a model of hypersensitivity to rejection, comparing it with TFP's focus on identity integration and modification of standard psychodynamic techniques for use in treating patients with borderline personality disorder. We outline convergences and divergences between TFP and GPM in assessment, establishment of treatment goals and a treatment agreement, family involvement, and moment-to-moment psychotherapeutic interventions. The options for integration of TFP and GPM theoretical principles, as well as for models of treatment sequencing, are explored. Clinical vignettes are provided that illustrate sequential uses of GPM and TFP as part of psychodynamically informed long-term clinical management.
Anti-Olympics Protest as a Political Legacy

Early research on the nature of opposition to hosting the Olympics in American cities suggested that opponents sought only to mitigate specific impacts of the event rather than try to create a more robust anti-growth movement. The evidence from Chicago, Boston, and Los Angeles suggests that the nature of urban opposition to the Olympics has changed. Drawing on the research of other scholars as well as our case studies, we argue that contemporary opponents to the Olympics have developed a broader counter-narrative to the assertion that consumption-oriented economic growth results in widespread benefits for urban residents. In pursuit of this alternative vision of urban life, opponents have adopted new tactics that question the material as well as the symbolic value of building the Olympic city.
Safe reopening of college campuses during COVID-19: The University of California experience in Fall 2020.

BACKGROUND: Epidemics of COVID-19 in student populations at universities were a key concern for the 2020-2021 school year. The University of California (UC) System developed a set of recommendations to reduce campus infection rates. SARS-CoV-2 test results are summarized for the ten UC campuses during the Fall 2020 term. METHODS: UC mitigation efforts included protocols for the arrival of students living on-campus students, non-pharmaceutical interventions, daily symptom monitoring, symptomatic testing, asymptomatic surveillance testing, isolation and quarantine protocols, student ambassador programs for health education, campus health and safety pledges, and lowered density of on-campus student housing. We used data from UC campuses, the UC Health-California Department of Public Health Data Modeling Consortium, and the U.S. Census to estimate the proportion of each campus' student populations that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and compared it to the fraction individuals aged 20-29 years who tested positive in their respective counties. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 cases in campus populations were generally low in September and October 2020, but increased in November and especially December, and were highest in early to mid-January 2021, mirroring case trajectories in their respective counties. Many students were infected during the Thanksgiving and winter holiday recesses and were detected as cases upon returning to campus. The proportion of students who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during Fall 2020 ranged from 1.2% to 5.2% for students living on campus and was similar to students living off campus. For most UC campuses the proportion of students testing positive was lower than that for the 20-29-year-old population in which campuses were located. CONCLUSIONS: The layered mitigation approach used on UC campuses, informed by public health science and augmented perhaps by a more compliant population, likely minimized campus transmission and outbreaks and limited transmission to surrounding communities. University policies that include these mitigation efforts in Fall 2020 along with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, may alleviate some local concerns about college students returning to communities and facilitate resumption of normal campus operations and in-person instruction.
Servir: From Space to Village

SERVIR is a NASA/USAID partnership to improve environmental management and resilience to climate change by strengthening the capacity of governments and other key stakeholders to integrate earth observation information and geospatial technologies into development decision-making
Finite Impulse Response Filters

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction FIR Filters Ideal Low-Pass FIR FIR Design Stability Linear Phase Group Delay FIR Zero Locations Zero-Phase FIR Minimum Phase Filters